FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Sauber, JM Molnia, BF AF Sauber, JM Molnia, BF TI Glacier ice mass fluctuations and fault instability in tectonically active Southern Alaska SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE postglacial rebound; stress fields; induced earthquakes; Alaska; subduction zones; GPS; glaciers ID RESERVOIR-INDUCED SEISMICITY; BERING GLACIER; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; SUBDUCTION ZONE; SEA-LEVEL; SURGE; EARTHQUAKE; MODEL; GULF; USA AB Across the plate boundary zone in south central Alaska, tectonic strain rates are high in a region that includes large glaciers undergoing wastage (glacier retreat and thinning) and surges. For the coastal region between the Bering and Malaspina Glaciers, the average ice mass thickness changes between 1995 and 2000 range from 1 to 5 m/year. These ice changes caused solid Earth displacements in our study region with predicted values of - 10 to 50 mm in the vertical and predicted horizontal displacements of 0-10 mm at variable orientations. Relative to stable North America, observed horizontal rates of tectonic deformation range from 10 to 40 mm/year to the north-northwest and the predicted tectonic uplift rates range from approximately 0 mm/year near the Gulf of Alaska coast to 12 mm/year further inland. The ice mass changes between 1995 and 2000 resulted in discernible changes in the Global Positioning System (GPS) measured station positions of one site (ISLE) located adjacent to the Bagley Ice Valley and at one site, DON, located south of the Bering Glacier terminus. In addition to modifying the surface displacements rates, we evaluated the influence ice changes during the Bering glacier surge cycle had on the background seismic rate. We found an increase in the number of earthquakes (M-L greater than or equal to 2.5) and seismic rate associated with ice thinning and a decrease in the number of earthquakes and seismic rate associated with ice thickening. These results support the hypothesis that ice mass changes can modulate the background seismic rate. During the last century, wastage of the coastal glaciers in the Icy Bay and Malaspina region indicates thinning of hundreds of meters and in areas of major retreat, maximum losses of ice thickness approaching 1 km. Between the 1899 Yakataga and Yakutat earthquakes (M-w = 8.1, 8.1) and prior to the 1979 St. Elias earthquake (M-s = 7.2), the plate interface below Icy Bay was locked and tectonic strain accumulated. We used estimated ice mass change during the 1899-1979 time period to calculate the change in the fault stability margin (FSM) prior to the 1979 St. Elias earthquake. Our results suggest that a cumulative decrease in the fault stability margin at seismogenic depths, due to ice wastage over 80 years, was large, up to similar to 2 MPa. Ice wastage would promote thrust faulting in events such as the 1979 earthquake and subsequent aftershocks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geodynam Branch, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Geol Survey, Earth Surface Proc Team, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sauber, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geodynam Branch, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Jeanne.M.Sauber-Rosenberg@nasa.gov; bmolnia@usgs.gov RI Sauber, Jeanne/D-7684-2012 NR 60 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD JUL PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1-4 BP 279 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2003.11.012 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 845ID UT WOS:000223234800019 ER PT J AU Halford, KJ AF Halford, KJ TI More data required SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. RP Halford, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 333 W Nye Lane, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. EM khalford@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 477 EP 477 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02612.x PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 834TW UT WOS:000222434800001 PM 15318767 ER PT J AU Moran, MJ AF Moran, MJ TI Ground water availability: The challenge ahead in water-scarce regions SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Moran, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD USA. EM mjmoran@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 480 EP 480 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02614.x PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 834TW UT WOS:000222434800003 PM 15318769 ER PT J AU Feinstein, DT Guo, WX AF Feinstein, DT Guo, WX TI STANMOD: A suite of Windows-based programs for evaluating solute transport SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Software Review ID MODEL C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, US Geol Survey, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. CDM, Ft Myers, FL 33919 USA. RP Feinstein, DT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, US Geol Survey, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM dtfeinst@usgs.gov; guow@cdm.com NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 8 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 482 EP 487 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02615.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 834TW UT WOS:000222434800004 ER PT J AU Wood, WK Kraemer, TF Shapiro, A AF Wood, WK Kraemer, TF Shapiro, A TI Radon (Rn-222) in ground water of fractured rocks: A diffusion/ion exchange model SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID AQUIFER; URANIUM; RADIUM AB Ground waters from fractured igneous and high-grade sialic metamorphic rocks frequently have elevated activity of dissolved radon (Rn-222). A chemically based model is proposed whereby radium (Ra-226) from the decay of uranium (U-238) diffuses through the primary porosity of the rock to the water-transmitting fracture where it is sorbed on weathering products. Sorption of Ra-226 on the fracture surface maintains an activity gradient in the rock matrix, ensuring a continuous Supply of Ra-226 to fracture surfaces. As a result of the relatively long half-life of Ra-226 (1601 years), significant activity can accumulate on fracture surfaces. The proximity of this sorbed Ra-226 to the active ground water flow system allows its decay progeny Rn-222 to enter directly into the water. Laboratory analyses of primary porosity and diffusion coefficients of the rock matrix, radon emanation, and ion exchange at fracture surfaces are consistent with the requirements of a diffusion/ion-exchange model. A dipole-brine injection/withdrawal experiment conducted between bedrock boreholes in the high-grade metamorphic and granite rocks at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States (42degrees56'N, 71degrees43'W) shows a large activity of Ra-226 exchanged from fracture surfaces by a magnesium brine. The Ra-226 activity removed by the exchange process is 34 times greater than that of U-238 activity. These observations are consistent with the diffusion/ion-exchange model. Elutriate isotopic ratios of Ra-223/Ra-226 and U-231/Ra-226 are also consistent with the proposed chemically based diffusion/ion-exchange model. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Wood, WK (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 206 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wwwood@msu.edu NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 552 EP 567 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02624.x PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 834TW UT WOS:000222434800013 PM 15318778 ER PT J AU Heilweil, VM Solomon, DK Perkins, KS Ellett, KM AF Heilweil, VM Solomon, DK Perkins, KS Ellett, KM TI Gas-partitioning tracer test to quantify trapped gas during recharge SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL OIL SATURATION; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; ENTRAPPED AIR; POROUS-MEDIA; PHASE; SOIL; PARAMETERS; RESERVOIR; FLOW AB Dissolved helium and bromide tracers were used to evaluate trapped gas during an infiltration pond experiment. Dissolved helium preferentially partitioned into trapped gas bubbles, or other pore air, because of its low solubility in water. This produced observed helium retardation factors of as much as 12 relative to bromide. Numerical simulations of helium breakthrough with both equilibrium and kinetically limited advection/dispersion/retardation did not match observed helium concentrations. However, better fits were obtained by including a decay term representing the diffusive loss of helium through interconnected, gas-filled pores. Calculations indicate that 7% to more than 26% of the porosity beneath the pond was filled with gas. Measurements of laboratory hydraulic properties indicate that a 10% decrease in saturation would reduce the hydraulic conductivity by at least one order of magnitude in the well-sorted sandstone, but less in the overlying soils. This is consistent with in situ measurements during the experiment, which show steeper hydraulic gradients in sandstone than in soil. Intrinsic permeability of the soil doubled during the first six months of the experiment, likely caused by a combination of dissolution and thermal contraction of trapped gas. Managers of artificial recharge basins may consider minimizing the amount of trapped gas by using wet, rather than dry, tilling to optimize infiltration rates, particularly in well-sorted porous media in which reintroduced trapped gas may cause substantial reductions in permeability. Trapped gas may also inhibit the amount of focused infiltration that occurs naturally during ephemeral flood events along washes and playas. C1 US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Heilweil, VM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2329 Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM heilweil@usgs.gov; ksolomon@mines.utah.edu; kperkins@usgs.gov; ellettk@civenv.unimelb.edu.au RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016 OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 589 EP 600 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02627.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 834TW UT WOS:000222434800016 PM 15318781 ER PT J AU Kolpin, DK Schnoebelen, DJ Thurman, EM AF Kolpin, DK Schnoebelen, DJ Thurman, EM TI Degradates provide insight to spatial and temporal trends of herbicides in ground water SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID NEAR-SURFACE AQUIFERS; TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS; METOLACHLOR; ALACHLOR; METABOLITES; PESTICIDES; ECOTOXICITY; PROPACHLOR AB Since 1995, a network of municipal wells in Iowa, representing all major aquifer types (alluvial, bedrock/karst region, glacial drift, bedrock/nonkarst region), has been repeatedly sampled for a broad suite of herbicide compounds yielding one of the most comprehensive statewide databases of such compounds currently available in the United States. This dataset is ideal for documenting the insight that herbicide degradates provide to the spatial and temporal distribution of herbicides in ground water. During 2001, 86 municipal wells in Iowa were sampled and analyzed for 21 herbicide parent compounds and 24 herbicide degradates. The frequency of detection increased from 17% when only herbicide parent compounds were considered to 53% when both herbicide parents and degradates were considered. Thus, the transport of herbicide compounds to ground water is substantially underestimated when herbicide degradates are not considered. A significant difference in the results among the major aquifer types was apparent only when both herbicide parent compounds and their degradates were considered. In addition, including herbicide degradates greatly improved the statistical relation to the age of the water being sampled. When herbicide parent compounds are considered, only 40% of the wells lacking a herbicide detection could be explained by the age of the water predating herbicide use. However, when herbicide degradates were also considered, 80% of the ground water samples lacking a detection could be explained by the age of the water predating herbicide use. Finally, a temporal pattern in alachlor concentrations in ground water could only be identified when alachlor degradates were considered. C1 US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Kolpin, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St,Box 1230, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. EM dwkolpin@usgs.gov RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 29 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 17 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 601 EP 608 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02628.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 834TW UT WOS:000222434800017 PM 15318782 ER PT J AU Reilly, TE AF Reilly, TE TI A brief history of contributions to ground water hydrology by the US Geological Survey SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID FLOW; AQUIFER; WELL; TRANSPORT; DIAMETER C1 US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Reston, VA USA. RP Reilly, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, 411 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM tereilly@usgs.gov OI Reilly, Thomas/0000-0002-2988-9881 NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 625 EP 631 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02633.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 834TW UT WOS:000222434800022 PM 15318786 ER PT J AU Atwater, BF Furukawa, R Hemphill-Haley, E Ikeda, Y Kashima, K Kawase, K Kelsey, HM Moore, AL Nanayama, F Nishimura, Y Odagiri, S Ota, Y Park, SC Satake, K Sawal, Y Shimokawa, K AF Atwater, BF Furukawa, R Hemphill-Haley, E Ikeda, Y Kashima, K Kawase, K Kelsey, HM Moore, AL Nanayama, F Nishimura, Y Odagiri, S Ota, Y Park, SC Satake, K Sawal, Y Shimokawa, K TI Seventeenth-century uplift in Eastern Hokkaido, Japan SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE uplift; estuaries; sea level; subduction; palaeoecology; palaeoseismology; Japan ID TIDE-GAUGE MEASUREMENTS; NEMURO-OKI EARTHQUAKE; SUBDUCTION ZONE; SEA-LEVEL; COSEISMIC SUBSIDENCE; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; CHILEAN EARTHQUAKE; CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS; NORTHERN JAPAN; KURIL TRENCH AB Shores of eastern Hokkaido rose by perhaps I m a few centuries ago. The uplifted area extended at least 50km along the southern Kuril Trench. It included the estuaries Akkeshi-ko and Hichirippu, on the Pacific coast, and Furen-ko and Onneto, which open to the Okhotsk Sea. At each estuary, intertidal and subtidal flats rose with respect to tide level; wetland plants colonized the emerging land; and peaty wetland deposits thereby covered mud and sand of the former flats. Previous work at Akkeshi-ko and Onneto showed that such emergence occurred at least three times in the past 3000 years. Volcanic-ash layers date the youngest emergence to the seventeenth century AD. New evidence from Akkeshi-ko, Hichirippu and Furen-ko clarifies the age and amount of this youngest emergence. Much of it probably dates from the century's middle decades. Some of the newly emerged land remained above high tides into the middle of the eighteenth century or later. The emergence in the last half of the seventeenth century probably exceeded 0.5m (inferred from stratigraphy and diatom palaeoecology) without far exceeding I m (estimated by comparing seventeenth- and eighteenth-century descriptions of Akkeshi-ko). The stratigraphy and palaeoecology of the emergence are better explained by tectonic uplift than by bay-mouth blockage, tidal-flat accretion or sea-level fall. Eastern Hokkaido needs occasional uplift, moreover, to help reconcile its raised marine terraces with its chronic twentieth-century subsidence. Because it took place above forearc mantle, eastern Hokkaido's seventeenth-century uplift probably lacks analogy with coseismic uplift that occurs above typical plate-boundary ruptures at subduction zones. C1 Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. AIST, GSJ, Inst Geosci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci Bldg, Dept Geog, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Ehime Univ, Fac Educ, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Geol Survey Japan, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Inst Seismol & Volcanol, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Geog Survey Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050811, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Res Ctr Earthquake Predict, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Atwater, BF (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM atwater@u.washington.edu RI Satake, Kenji/E-2312-2011; Sawai, Yuki /D-3216-2013 OI Satake, Kenji/0000-0002-3368-3085; Sawai, Yuki /0000-0001-7015-4361 NR 80 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD JUL PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 487 EP 501 DI 10.1191/0959683604hl726rp PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 840ZS UT WOS:000222899700002 ER PT J AU Cann, J Cronin, T AF Cann, J Cronin, T TI An association of benthic foraminifera and gypsum in Holocene sediments of estuarine Chesapeake Bay, USA SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; estuary; foraminifera; gypsum; Holocene; hypersalinity; palacoclimate ID SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; QUATERNARY AB Two cores of Holocene sediments recovered from the Cape Charles Channel of Chesapeake Bay yielded radiocarbon ages of about 6.8 to 5.8ka for the lower intervals. Fossil foraminifera preserved in these lower sediments are dominated by species of Elphidium, which make up about 90% of the assemblage throughout, and probably signify deposition in hypersaline waters. Buccella frigida and Ammonia beccarii are the only other species commonly present. Hypersalinity of bottom waters seems to have been maintained by water-density stratification in a basin-like section of the channel. In core PTXT-4-P-1 transition to modern Chesapeake conditions, in which numbers of Ammonia beccarii exceed those of Elphidium, commenced about 400 years ago. In core PTXT-3-P-2 hypersalinity is further signified by the presence of abundant euhedral crystals of gypsum in association with the fossil Elphidium. This occurrence of gypsum is Dot attributed to palaeoclimatic aridity, but rather to inflow of groundwater from adjacent gypsiferous Miocene strata. The study shows that in palaeoclimatic investigations the significance of the presence of gypsum should be evaluated with caution - it does not necessarily signify an evaporative regime. C1 Univ S Australia, Sch Geosci Minerals & Civil Engn, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Cann, J (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Sch Geosci Minerals & Civil Engn, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. EM john.cann@unisa.edu.au NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD JUL PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 614 EP 620 DI 10.1191/0959683604hl738rr PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 840ZS UT WOS:000222899700014 ER PT J AU McHale, MR Cirmo, CP Mitchell, MJ McDonnell, JJ AF McHale, MR Cirmo, CP Mitchell, MJ McDonnell, JJ TI Wetland nitrogen dynamics in an Adirondack forested watershed SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Adirondack Mountains; hyporheic zone; nitrogen; riparian; wetland; dissolved organic nitrogen ID GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; HEADWATER CATCHMENT; NITRATE DEPLETION; SURFACE-WATER; RIPARIAN ZONE; STREAM; EXCHANGE; LAKES; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; TRANSFORMATION AB Wetlands often form the transition zone between upland soils and watershed streams, however, stream-wetland interactions and hydrobiogeochemical processes are poorly understood. We measured changes in stream nitrogen (N) through one riparian wetland and one beaver meadow in the Archer Creek watershed in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State, USA from 1 March to 31 July 1996. In the riparian wetland we also measured changes in groundwater N. Groundwater N changed significantly from tension lysimeters at the edge of the peatland to piezometer nests within the peatland. Mean N concentrations at the peatland perimeter were 1(.)5, 0(.)5 and 18(.)6 mumol L-1 for NH4+, NO3- and DON (dissolved organic nitrogen), respectively, whereas peatland groundwater N concentration was 56(.)9, 1.5 and 31(.)6 mumol L-1 for NH4+, NO3- and DON, respectively. The mean concentrations of stream water N species at the inlet to the wetlands were 1(.)5, 10(.)1 and 16(.)9 mumol L-1 for NH4+, NO3- and DON, respectively and 1(.)6, 28(.)1 and 8(.)4 mumol L-1 at the wetland outlet. Although groundwater total dissolved N (TDN) concentrations changed more than stream water TDN through the wetlands, hydrological cross-sections for the peatland showed that wetland groundwater contributed minimally to stream flow during the study period. Therefore, surface water N chemistry was affected more by in-stream N transformations than by groundwater N transformations because the in-stream changes, although small, affected a much greater volume of water. Stream water N input-output budgets indicated that the riparian peatland retained 0(.)16 mol N ha(-1) day(--1) of total dissolved N and the beaver meadow retained 0(.)26 mol N ha(-1) day(-1) during the study period. Nitrate dominated surface water TDN flux from the wetlands during the spring whereas DON dominated during the summer. This study demonstrates that although groundwater N changed significantly in the riparian peatland, those changes were not reflected in the stream. Consequently, although in-stream changes of N concentrations were less marked than those in groundwater, they had a greater effect on stream water chemistry-because wetland groundwater contributed minimally to stream flow. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. SUNY Coll Cortland, Dept Geol, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP McHale, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM mmchale@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1853 EP 1870 DI 10.1002/hyp.1452 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 836GO UT WOS:000222544000007 ER PT J AU Albright, TP Moorhouse, TG McNabb, J AF Albright, TP Moorhouse, TG McNabb, J TI The rise and fall of water hyacinth in Lake Victoria and the Kagera River Basin, 1989-2001 SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE invasive plants; East Africa; Eichhornia crassipes; remote sensing; El Nino; biocontrol; aquatic weeds AB Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is an invasive aquatic macrophyte associated with major negative economic and ecological impacts to the Lake Victoria region since the plant's establishment in Uganda in the 1980s. Reliable estimates of water hyacinth distribution and extent are required to gauge the severity of the problem through time, relate water hyacinth abundance to environmental factors, identify areas requiring management action, and assess the efficacy of management actions. To provide such estimates and demonstrate the utility of remote sensing for this application, we processed and analyzed remotely sensed imagery to determine the distribution and extent of water hyacinth. Maps were produced and coverage was quantified using a hybrid unsupervised image classification approach with manual editing for each of the riparian countries of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, as well as for numerous gulfs and bays. A similar procedure was carried out for selected lakes in the Rwanda-Tanzania borderlands lakes region in the Kagera River basin. Results confirm the severity of the water hyacinth infestation, especially in the northern parts of the lake. A maximum lake-wide extent of at least 17,374 ha was attained in 1998. Following this, a combination of factors, including conditions associated with the 1997 to 1998 El Nino and biocontrol with water hyacinth weevils, appear to have contributed to a major decline in water hyacinth in the most affected parts of the lake. Some lakes in the Kagera basin, such as Lake Mihindi, Rwanda, were severely infested in the late 1990s, but the level of infestation in most of these decreased markedly by the early 2000s. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Data, EROS, SAIC,USGS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Clean Lake Inc, Martinez, CA 94553 USA. RP Albright, TP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Data, EROS, SAIC,USGS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM talbrigh@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 23 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 42 BP 73 EP 84 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 898TK UT WOS:000227098900001 ER PT J AU Falgueres, C Yokoyama, Y Shen, GJ Bischoff, JL Ku, TL de Lumley, H AF Falgueres, C Yokoyama, Y Shen, GJ Bischoff, JL Ku, TL de Lumley, H TI New U-series dates at the Caune de l'Arago, France SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE uranium-series dating; calcite; middle pleistocene; Caune de l'Arago ID SPIN-RESONANCE ESR; IMPURE CARBONATES; ARAGO CAVE; TAUTAVEL; SITE; AGE AB In the beginning of the 1980s. the Caune de l'Arago was the focus of an interdisciplinary effort to establish the chronology of the Homo heidelbergensis (Preneandertals) fossils using a variety of techniques on bones and on speleothems. The result was a very large spread of dates particularly on bone samples. Amid the large spread of results, some radiometric data on speleothems showed a convergence in agreement with inferences from faunal studies. We present new U-series results on the stalagmitic formation located at the bottom of Unit IV (at the base of the Upper Stratigraphic Complex). Samples and splits were collaboratively analyzed in the four different laboratories with excellent interlaboratory agreement. Results show the complex sequence of this stalagmitic formation. The most ancient part is systematically at internal isotopic equilibrium (>350 ka) suggesting growth during or before isotopic stage 9, representing a minimum age for the human remains found in Unit III of the Middle Stratigraphical Complex which is stratigraphically under the basis of the studied stalagmitic formation. Overlaying parts of the speleothem date to the beginning of marine isotope stages 7 and 5. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Paleontol Humaine 1, CNRS, Dept Prehistoire, Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-75013 Paris, France. Nanjing Normal Univ, Inst Coastal & Quaternary Studies, Nanjing 210097, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Falgueres, C (reprint author), Inst Paleontol Humaine 1, CNRS, Dept Prehistoire, Museum Natl Hist Nat, FRE2677,Rue Rene Panhard, F-75013 Paris, France. EM falguere@mnhn.fr; gjshen@pine.njnu.edu.cn; jbischoff@usgs.gov; rku@usc.edu NR 53 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 31 IS 7 BP 941 EP 952 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2003.12.008 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 827YD UT WOS:000221938700007 ER PT J AU Huntington, TG Hodgkins, GA Keim, BD Dudley, RW AF Huntington, TG Hodgkins, GA Keim, BD Dudley, RW TI Changes in the proportion of precipitation occurring as snow in New England (1949-2000) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WINTER CLIMATE; NORTH-AMERICA; TRENDS; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; IMPACTS; TELECONNECTIONS AB The ratio of snow to total precipitation (S/P) is a hydrologic indicator that is sensitive to climate variability and can be used to detect and monitor hydrologic responses to climatic change. Changes in S/P ratio over time could influence the magnitude and timing of spring runoff and recession to summer baseflow. The S/P ratio for 21 U. S. Historical Climatology Network sites in New England was examined. Eleven out of twenty-one sites in New England had significant decreasing annual S/P ratios from 1949 to 2000. Annual trends in S/P are predominantly a result of decreasing snowfall, and to a lesser extent, increasing rainfall. The most consistent trends were in northernmost New England where all four sites had decreasing ratios, and in the coastal and near-coastal areas where five out of eight sites had significantly decreasing ratios. The four sites in northernmost New England, which had the strongest and most coherent trends, showed an average decrease in annual S/P ratio from about 0.30 in 1949 to 0.23 in 2000. Trends in winter S/P ratio were less geographically consistent. Seven out of 21 sites had significantly decreasing winter S/P ratios. Most northern New England and coastal to near-coastal sites had statistically significant trends (p < 0.05) or weak, but not significant trends (p < 0.2). When trends in S/P were analyzed on a monthly basis for the northernmost sites, it was evident that decreasing S/P trends were significant for March and December only. Significant correlations were observed between winter S/P ratios in northern New England and the timing of spring runoff, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and the Pacific-North American (PNA) index. Significant correlations were observed between winter S/P ratios averaged for all of New England and the NAO and PNA. C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Huntington, TG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM thunting@usgs.gov OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 47 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 17 IS 13 BP 2626 EP 2636 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2626:CITPOP>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 838HJ UT WOS:000222703800009 ER PT J AU Cox, R Coleman, DS Chokel, CB DeOreo, SB Wooden, JL Collins, AS De Waele, B Kroner, A AF Cox, R Coleman, DS Chokel, CB DeOreo, SB Wooden, JL Collins, AS De Waele, B Kroner, A TI Proterozoic tectonostratigraphy and paleogeography of central Madagascar derived from detrital zircon U-Pb age populations SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Review ID EAST-AFRICAN OROGEN; NORTH-CENTRAL MADAGASCAR; ND ISOTOPIC SYSTEMATICS; DRONNING MAUD LAND; MOZAMBIQUE BELT; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; ION-MICROPROBE; SRI-LANKA; TH-PB; RODINIA SUPERCONTINENT AB Detrital zircon U-Pb ages determined by SHRIMP distinguish two clastic sequences among Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks from central Madagascar. The Itremo Group is older: zircon data, stromatolite characteristics, and carbon isotope data all point to a depositional age around 1500-1700 Ma. The Molo Group is younger, deposited between similar to620 Ma (the age of the youngest zircon) and similar to560 Ma (the age of metamorphic overgrowths on detrital cores). Geochronologic provenance analysis of the Itremo Group points to sources in East Africa as well as local sources in central and southern Madagascar but provides no evidence for a detrital contribution from northern and eastern Madagascar nor from southern India. Detrital zircon and sedimentologic similarities between rocks of the Itremo Group and the Zambian Muva Supergroup suggest a lithostratigraphic correlation between the two. The Molo Group has a strong 1000-1100 Ma detrital signature that also indicates an east African provenance and suggests a Neoproterozoic geographic connection with Sri Lanka but shows no indication of input from the Dharwar craton and eastern Madagascar. Central Madagascar was probably juxtaposed with the Tanzanian craton in the Paleo- and Mesoproterozoic, whereas northern and eastern Madagascar were connected to India. Internal assembly of Madagascar postdates Neoproterozoic Molo Group sedimentation and is likely to have occurred at about 560 Ma. C1 Williams Coll, Dept Geosci, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Tecton Special Res Ctr, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Appl Geol, Tecton Special Res Ctr, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geowissensch, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Cox, R (reprint author), Williams Coll, Dept Geosci, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. EM rcox@williams.edu RI Collins, Alan/D-9781-2011 OI Collins, Alan/0000-0002-3408-5474 NR 104 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 112 IS 4 BP 379 EP 399 DI 10.1086/421070 PG 21 WC Geology SC Geology GA 838HC UT WOS:000222703100001 ER PT J AU Dymond, RL Regmi, B Lohani, VK Dietz, R AF Dymond, RL Regmi, B Lohani, VK Dietz, R TI Interdisciplinary web-enabled spatial decision support system for watershed management SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB The process of integrating discipline-specific hydrologic, economic, and fish health models in the context of a web-enabled spatial decision support system (SDSS), WebL2W is discussed. As part of a larger research project, this component focused on the issues of integrating assessment models with different spatial and temporal resolution and providing an interface and modeling/decision processing environment. Spatial decision support systems and the advantages of internet-based, cross disciplinary modeling for the watershed management decision process are described. The importance of GIS base and derived data is highlighted in conjunction with a description of the hydrologic, economic, and fish health model components. Users interact with the map interface of WebL2W using the Back Creek Basin near Roanoke, Va. as the sample watershed and choose one of four available housing templates as the development mode. Following creation of a suitable development "scenario" for the watershed, the models are executed and results are displayed to the user. Tools, methods, and architecture utilized for construction of the web-enabled SDSS are delineated, and a case study illustrates the functionality of WebL2W. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Educ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Dymond, RL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 130 IS 4 BP 290 EP 300 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2004)130:4(290) PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 832EG UT WOS:000222249400004 ER PT J AU Jiang, JH Ganju, NK Mehta, AJ AF Jiang, JH Ganju, NK Mehta, AJ TI Estimation of contraction scour in riverbed using SERF SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE scour; river beds; contraction; India; clays; harbors; erosion AB Contraction scour in a firm-clay estuarine riverbed is estimated at an oil-unloading terminal at the Port of Haldia in India, where a scour hole attained a maximum depth greater than 5 m relative to the original bottom. A linear equation for the erosion flux as a function of the excess bed shear stress was semicalibrated in a rotating-cylinder device called SERF (Simulator of Erosion Rate Function) and coupled to a hydrodynamic code to simulate the hole as a clear-water scour process. SERF, whose essential design is based on previous such devices, additionally included a load cell for in situ and rapid measurement of the eroded sediment mass. Based on SERF's performance and the degree of comparison between measured and simulated hole geometry, it appears that this device holds promise as a simple tool for prediction of scour in firm-clay beds. C1 ASL Environm Sci Inc, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y3, Canada. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Jiang, JH (reprint author), ASL Environm Sci Inc, 1986 Mills Rd, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y3, Canada. RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X EI 1943-5460 J9 J WATERW PORT COAST JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 130 IS 4 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2004)130:4(215) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 831UL UT WOS:000222221700007 ER PT J AU Samuel, MD Shadduck, DJ Goldberg, DR AF Samuel, MD Shadduck, DJ Goldberg, DR TI Are wetlands the reservoir for avian cholera? SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian cholera; disease reservoir; Pasteurella multocida; wetlands ID PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; WILD BIRDS; SNOW GEESE; WATERFOWL; SURVIVAL AB Wetlands have long been suspected to be an important reservoir for Pasteurella multocida and therefore the likely source of avian cholera outbreaks. During the fall of 1995-98 we collected sediment and water samples from 44 wetlands where avian cholera epizootics occurred the previous winter or spring. We attempted to isolate P. multocida in sediment and surface water samples from 10 locations distributed throughout each wetland. We were not able to isolate P. multocida from any of the 440 water and 440 sediment samples collected from these wetlands. In contrast, during other investigations of avian cholera we isolated P multocida from 20 of 44 wetlands, including 7% of the water and 4.5% of the sediment samples collected during or shortly following epizootic events. Our results indicate that wetlands are an unlikely reservoir for the bacteria that causes avian cholera. C1 Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol,Russell Lab 204, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Samuel, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol,Russell Lab 204, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdsamuel@wisc.edu OI Goldberg, Diana/0000-0001-8540-8512 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 377 EP 382 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 856IA UT WOS:000224037700001 PM 15465703 ER PT J AU Shankar, V Bowen, RA Davis, AD Rupprecht, CE O'Shea, TJ AF Shankar, V Bowen, RA Davis, AD Rupprecht, CE O'Shea, TJ TI Rabies in a captive colony of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE big brown bats; Eptesicus fuscus; rabies; rabies virus; virus neutralizing antibodies ID UNITED-STATES; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE AB Our research has focused on the ecology of commensal populations of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in Fort Collins, Colorado (USA), in relation to rabies virus (RV) transmission. We captured 35 big brown bats (Eptesicus-fuscus) in late summer 2001 and held them captive for 4.8 mo. The bats were initially placed in an indoor cage for 1 mo then segregated into groups of two to six per cage. Two of the bats succumbed to rabies virus (RV) within the first month of capture. Despite group housing, all of the remaining bats were healthy over the course of the investigation; none developed rabies, although one of the rabid bats was observed to bite her cage mates. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Taqman(R) real-time PCR analysis of the RNA derived from the brain tissue, salivary glands, and oral swab samples confirmed RV infection in the dead bats. Rabies virus was also isolated from the brain tissue upon passage in mouse neuroblastoma cells. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the RV nucleoprotein (N) gene showed 100% identity with the N gene sequence of a 1985 E. fuscus isolate from El Paso County, Colorado. Bat sera obtained six times throughout the study were assayed for RV neutralizing antibodies using the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. The RV neutralizing activity in the serum was associated with the IgG component, which was purified by binding to protein G Sepharose. Five bats were RV seropositive prior to their capture and maintained titers throughout captivity. Two adult bats seroconverted during captivity. Two volant juvenile bats had detectable RV antibody titers at the first serum collection but were negative thereafter. Four seronegative bats responded to a RV vaccine administration with high titers of RV antibodies. A serologic survey of big brown bats in the roost from which one of the captive rabid bats had originated showed a significant rise in seroprevalence during 2002. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Shankar, V (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM vbs2@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 403 EP 413 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 856IA UT WOS:000224037700004 PM 15465706 ER PT J AU Nol, P Rocke, TE Gross, K Yuill, TM AF Nol, P Rocke, TE Gross, K Yuill, TM TI Prevalence of neurotoxic Clostridium botulinum type C in the gastrointestinal tracts of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in the Salton Sea SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian botulism; Clostridium botulinum type C; Oreochroinis mossambicus; polymerase chain reaction; Salton Sea; tilapia ID AVIAN BOTULISM; FISH; CALIFORNIA; WETLANDS; ASSAY; WATER AB Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) have been implicated as the source of type C toxin in avian botulism outbreaks in pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) at the Salton Sea in southern California (USA). We collected sick, dead, and healthy fish from various sites throughout the Sea during the summers of 1999 through 2001 and tested them for the presence of Clostridium botulinum type C cells by polymerase chain reaction targeting the C, neurotoxin gene. Four of 96 (4%), 57 of 664 (9%), and five of 355 (1%) tilapia tested were positive for C. botulinum type C toxin gene in 1999, 2000, and 2001, respectively. The total number of positive fish was significantly greater in 2000 than in 2001 (P<0.0001). No difference in numbers of positives was detected between sick and dead fish compared with live fish. In 2000, no significant relationships were revealed among the variables studied, such as location and date of collection. C1 USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Nol, P (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM pauline.nol@aphis.usda.gov NR 24 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 414 EP 419 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 856IA UT WOS:000224037700005 PM 15465707 ER PT J AU Bender, LC Hall, PB AF Bender, LC Hall, PB TI Winter fawn survival in black-tailed deer populations affected by hair loss syndrome SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE black-tailed deer; fawns; hair loss syndrome; HLS; Odocoilens hemionus columbianus; productivity; survival ID MOOSE ALCES-ALCES; ELK CERVUS-ELAPHUS; DERMACENTOR-ALBIPICTUS; PREMATURE LOSS; MORTALITY; TICKS AB Overwinter fawn mortality associated with hair loss syndrome (HLS) is anecdotally thought to be important in declines of Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) populations in Washington and Oregon (USA). We determined prevalence of HLS in black-tailed deer, September and April fawn:doe ratios, and minimum overwinter survival rates of fawns for selected game management units (GMUs) in western Washington from 1999 to 2001. Prevalence of HLS ranged from 6% to 74% in fawns and 4% to 33% in does. Minimum fawn survival ranged from 0.56 to 0.83 and was unrelated to prevalence of HLS in either does (r=0.005, P=0.991) or fawns (r=-0.215, P=0.608). The prevalence of HLS in either does or fawns was also unrelated to either fall fawn:doe ratios (HLS does:,r=-0.132, P=0.779; HLS fawns: r=0.130, P=0.760) or spring fawn:doe ratios (HLS does: r=-0.173, P=0.711; HLS fawns: r=-0.020, P=0.963). However, the prevalence of HLS in does and fawns was strongly related (r=0.942, P=0.002), and GMUs with high prevalence of HLS had lower deer population densities (fawns:,r=-0.752, P=0.031; does: r=-0.81.3, P=0.026). Increased overwinter mortality of fawns because of HLS was not supported by our data. Decreased production of fawns, increased summer mortality of fawns, or both were seen in six of eight study GMU-year combinations. Observed rates of productivity and minimum fawn survival were inadequate to maintain population size in five of eight study GMU-year combinations, assuming an annual doe survival rate of 0.75. The influence of deer condition and population health on adult survival, fawn production, preweaning fawn survival, parasitism, and prevalence of HLS in both fawns and adults need to be clarified to identify what factors are limiting black-tailed deer productivity. C1 Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Cle Elum, WA 98922 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Mill Creek, WA 98012 USA. RP Bender, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 30003 MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM lbender@nmsu.edu NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 444 EP 451 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 856IA UT WOS:000224037700009 PM 15465711 ER PT J AU Stolley, DS Meteyer, CU AF Stolley, DS Meteyer, CU TI Peracute sodium toxicity in free-ranging black-bellied whistling duck ducklings SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE black-bellied whistling duck; Dendrocygna autumnalis; duckling mortality; hypersaline lake; salinity; salt poisoning; sodium toxicity ID SALINE DRINKING-WATER; SURVIVAL; LAKES AB From 2:3 to 25 July 2002, 98-103 newly hatched black-bellied whistling ducks (Dendrocygna, autumnalis) were observed alive at an inland saline lake (La Sal Vieja) in Willacy County, Texas (USA). Seventy-one (71%) died after showing signs indicative of sodium toxicity within 5 hr of entering the water; some died within minutes. Six carcasses were sent to the United States Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center (Madison, Wisconsin, USA) for analysis, and brain sodium levels of all ducklings were above 2,000 parts per million wet weight. More black-bellied whistling duck ducklings are likely to have been affected, but they were not observed after hatching. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Santa Ana Natl Wildlife Refuge, Alamo, TX 78516 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Stolley, DS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Santa Ana Natl Wildlife Refuge, Route 2,Box 202A, Alamo, TX 78516 USA. EM dorie_stolley@fws.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 571 EP 574 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 856IA UT WOS:000224037700026 PM 15465728 ER PT J AU Wilson, HM Oyen, JL Sileo, L AF Wilson, HM Oyen, JL Sileo, L TI Lead shot poisoning of a Pacific loon in Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; case report; Gavia pacifica; lead shot; lead toxicosis; Pacific loon ID COMMON LOONS; SPECTACLED EIDERS; GAVIA-IMMER AB Lead poisoning, associated with ingestion of spent lead shot, was diagnosed in an adult female Pacific loon (Gavia pacifica) observed with partial paralysis on 13 June 2002 and found dead on 16 June 2002 on Kigigak Island, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, western Alaska, USA. A necropsy revealed three pellets of ingested lead shot in the loon's gizzard and a lead liver concentration of 31 ppm wet weight, which was consistent with metallic lead poisoning. This is the first report of lead poisoning in a Pacific loon and is the only account of lead toxicosis associated with ingestion of lead shot in any loon species breeding in Alaska. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Wilson, HM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM fthmw@uaf.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 600 EP 602 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 856IA UT WOS:000224037700032 PM 15465734 ER PT J AU Fellers, GM Pratt, D Griffin, JL AF Fellers, GM Pratt, D Griffin, JL TI Fire effects on the Point Reyes mountain beaver at Point Reyes National Seashore, California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aplodontia rufa phaea; California; ecology; fire; mountain beaver; survival AB In October 1995, a wildlands fire burned 5,000 ha on the Point Reyes peninsula, California, USA. In most of the nonforested areas, the fire effectively cleared the ground of litter and vegetation and revealed thousands of Point Reyes mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa phaea) burrow openings. In the first 6 months after the fire, we surveyed burned coastal scrub and riparian habitat to (1) count the number of burrow openings that existed at the time of the fire, and (2) evaluate whether signs of post-fire mountain beaver activity were evident. We estimated that only 0.4-1.7% of mountain beavers within the burn area survived the fire and immediate post-fire period. We monitored mountain beaver activity for 5 years at 8 sites where mountain beavers survived, and found little or no recovery. We estimate that the mountain beaver population will take 15-20 years post-fire to recover. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP Fellers, GM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM gary_fellers@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 503 EP 508 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0503:FEOTPR]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 841AM UT WOS:000222901700008 ER PT J AU Lopez, RR Silvy, NJ Pierce, BL Frank, PA Wilson, MT Burke, KM AF Lopez, RR Silvy, NJ Pierce, BL Frank, PA Wilson, MT Burke, KM TI Population density of the endangered Florida Key deer SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE downlisting; endangered status; Florida Key deer; Odocoileus virginianus clavium; population density; recovery ID MORTALITY AB With decreased illegal hunting and better habitat conservation, the Florida Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) population grew from an estimated 25-50 animals in the late 1940s to approximately 200 animals on Big Pine and No Name keys, Florida, USA, by 1971, the last official survey. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) trend data indicate that the deer population continued to increase after 1971; however, current deer density estimates are necessary for the proposed reclassification of the Key deer from endangered to threatened. Our study objectives were to (1) obtain current population estimates of Florida Key deer and compare these to historical estimates, (2) evaluate survey methods (USFWS mortality and deer counts) in detecting changes in population trends, and (3) outline a protocol for future monitoring. Road counts (n = 889) were conducted from January 1971 to December 1971 and January 1976 to December 2001 on Big Pine and No Name keys. From mark-recapture data, we estimated that the Key deer population on these 2 islands increased by 240% between 1971 and 2001 (2001 estimate: 453-517 deer). Trend data indicated that annual deer mortality was a function of deer density or population size (r(s) = 0.743). We compared the annual finite rate of increase (R) from USFWS annual deer counts and mortality data (R = 1.053-1.065) to mark-recapture studies (R = 1.038) and found them to be similar (P = 0.66-0.67). This similarity suggests that all 3 methods (USFWS deer counts and mortality data, and mark-recapture data) can be used to monitor changes in Key deer density. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Key Deer Refuge, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. RP Lopez, RR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM roel@tamu.edu NR 25 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 570 EP 575 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0570:PDOTEF]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 841AM UT WOS:000222901700016 ER PT J AU Hunter, CM Runge, MC AF Hunter, CM Runge, MC TI The importance of environmental variability and management control error to optimal harvest policies SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dynamic programming; elasticity; environmental variability; harvest; management control error; maximum sustainable yield; optimal yield; state-dependent strategies; stochasticity; uncertainty ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ADAPTIVE OPTIMIZATION; OPTIMAL EXPLOITATION; WATERFOWL HARVESTS; LARGE HERBIVORES; UNCERTAINTY; STRATEGIES AB State-dependent strategies (SDSs) are the most general form of harvest policy because they allow the harvest rate to depend, without constraint, on the state of the system. State-dependent strategies that provide an optimal harvest rate for any system state can be calculated, and stochasticity can be appropriately accommodated in this optimization. Stochasticity poses 2 challenges to harvest policies: (1) the population will never be at the equilibrium state; and (2) stochasticity induces uncertainty about future states. We investigated the effects of 2 types of stochasticity, environmental variability and management control error, on SDS harvest policies for a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) model, and contrasted these with a harvest policy based on maximum sustainable yield (MSY). Increasing stochasticity resulted in more conservative SDSs; that is, higher population densities were required to support the same harvest rate, but these effects were generally small. As stochastic effects increased, SDSs performed much better than MSY. Both deterministic and stochastic SDSs maintained maximum mean annual harvest yield (AHY) and optimal equilibrium population size (N-eq) in a stochastic environment, whereas an MSY policy could not. We suggest 3 rules of thumb for harvest management of long-lived vertebrates in stochastic systems: (1) an SDS is advantageous over an MSY policy, (2) using an SDS rather than an MSY is more important than whether a deterministic or stochastic SDS is used, and (3) for SDSs, rankings of the variability in management outcomes (e.g., harvest yield) resulting from parameter stochasticity can be predicted by rankings of the deterministic elasticities. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Hunter, CM (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, MS-34, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM cmhunter@whoi.edu RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0585:TIOEVA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 841AM UT WOS:000222901700018 ER PT J AU Bart, J Burnham, KP Dunn, EH Francis, CM Ralph, CJ AF Bart, J Burnham, KP Dunn, EH Francis, CM Ralph, CJ TI Goals and strategies for estimating trends in landbird abundance SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE birds; monitoring; North American Breeding Bird Survey; population trends; surveys; trend estimation ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; POPULATION TRENDS; MODEL AB Reliable estimates of trends in population size are critical to effective management of landbirds. We propose a standard for considering that landbird populations are adequately monitored: 80% power to detect a 50% decline occurring within 20 years, using a 2-tailed test and a significance level of 0.10, and incorporating effects of potential bias. Our standard also requires that at least two-thirds of the target region be covered by the monitoring program. We recommend that the standard be achieved for species' entire ranges or for any area one-third the size of the temperate portions of Canada and the United States, whichever is smaller. We applied our approach to North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. At present, potential annual bias for the BBS is estimated at +/-0.008. Further, the BBS achieves the monitoring standard for only about 42% of landbirds for which the BBS is considered the most effective monitoring approach. Achieving the proposed monitoring target for greater than or equal to80% of these species would require increasing the number of BBS-or similar survey-routes by several-fold, a goal that probably is impractical. We suggest several methods for reducing potential bias and argue that if our methods are implemented, potential bias would fall to +/-0.003. The required number of BBS or similar routes would then be 5,106, about 40% more than in the current BBS program. Most of the needed increases are in 15 states or provinces. Developing a comprehensive landbird monitoring program will require increased support for coordination of the BBS (currently 2 people) and new programs for species that are poorly covered at present. Our results provide a quantitative goal for long-term landbird monitoring and identify the sample sizes needed, within each state and province, to achieve the monitoring goal for most of the roughly 300 landbird species that are well suited to monitoring with the BBS and similar surveys. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Bart, J (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM jbart@eagle.boisestate.edu NR 31 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 611 EP 626 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0611:GASFET]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 841AM UT WOS:000222901700021 ER PT J AU Zoellick, BW Ulmschneider, HM Cade, BS Stanley, AW AF Zoellick, BW Ulmschneider, HM Cade, BS Stanley, AW TI Isolation of snake river islands and mammalian predation of waterfowl nests SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; Branta canadensis; Canada goose; Canis latrans; coyote; Idaho; island isolation; mallard; nest predation; Procyon lotor; raccoon; red fox; river flows; Snake River islands; Vulpes vulpes ID REGRESSION QUANTILES; NORTH-DAKOTA; CANADA GEESE; SOUTHEASTERN ALBERTA; DUCK NESTS; HABITAT; SUCCESS AB In 1990-1992, we studied predation of waterfowl nests by mammalian predators on 30 islands in a 64-km reach of the Snake River in southwestern Idaho, USA, to identify river flows necessary to protect and enhance migratory bird use of Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge. We monitored 235-314 Canada goose (Branta canadensis) nests each year and 122 duck nests, primarily mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), in 1991. We calculated island isolation as the flow energy (width x average water velocity [m(2)/sec]) a predator encountered in crossing to an island. Density of goose nests increased as island isolation increased (P < 0.001). In contrast, visits of terrestrial predators to islands, mammalian predation of goose nests, and variance in predation rates decreased as island isolation increased (P < 0.01). Nests were most frequently depredated by raccoons (Procyon lotor), coyotes (Canis latrans), badgers (Taxidea taxus), and mink (Mustela vison). Multiple regression models explained 67% of the variance in nest density and 48% of variance in predation rates (P < 0.01). Variables of secondary importance relative to island isolation were island size and percentage of farmland on the adjacent mainland. Fewer geese nested (P < 0.01) and predation rates were greater (P = 0.06) on large islands, and more geese nested on islands adjacent to farmland (P = 0.04). We also analyzed rates of nest predation relative to river flows for 21 islands from 1953 to 1992. Mammalian predation of goose nests decreased as island isolation increased with greater river flows (P < 0.01). To identify levels of isolation needed to protect use of islands by nesting waterfowl, we estimated rates of change in nest densities and predation rates with island isolation for a range of regression quantiles. We then calculated levels of island isolation at river flows ranging from 110 to 340 m(3)/sec. Below flows of 250 m(3)/sec, nest predation rates increased rapidly. Flows 340 m(3)/sec adequately isolated Snake River islands for nesting waterfowl. Predator visitation and nest predation rates were at a low level, and variability in the rates was at a minimum for these flows. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Boise, ID 83705 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Deer Flat Natl Wildlife Refuge, Nampa, ID 83686 USA. RP Zoellick, BW (reprint author), US Bur Land Management, Lower Snake River Dist,3948 Dev Ave, Boise, ID 83705 USA. EM bzoellic@blm.gov NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 650 EP 662 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0650:IOSRIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 841AM UT WOS:000222901700024 ER PT J AU Scott, DP Berdeen, JB Otis, DL Fendrick, RL AF Scott, DP Berdeen, JB Otis, DL Fendrick, RL TI Harvest parameters of urban and rural mourning doves in Ohio SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE banding; harvest distribution; harvest rate; mourning dove; Ohio; reporting rate; reward banding; Zenaida macroura ID BAND REPORTING RATES; MALLARDS; AGE AB Few if any studies have examined die influence of a recently implemented hunting season on hay-vest characteristics of mourning doves (Zenaida macroura). We conducted a reward banding study in Ohio, USA, during 1996-1998 to compare harvest rates in urban and rural areas and to estimate overall harvest rate and band-reporting rate. Estimates from band-recovery models provided strong evidence for site- and year-specific variation in harvest rates of doves captured at urban and rural sites. Annual harvest-rate estimates ranged from 0.006 (95% CI: 0.001 to 0.011) to 0.011 (95% Cl: 0.005 to 0.018) for birds captured at urban sites, and from 0.034 (95% Cl: 0.022 to 0.045) to 0.054 (95% Cl: 0.039 to 0.069) for birds captured at rural sites. The estimated reporting rate of 0.208 (95% Cl: 0.142 to 0.274) was less than previously published estimates, probably because of a lack of familiarity of hunters with dove bands. In our study, >80% of the harvest of banded birds occurred in Ohio, suggesting that hunting pressure on this population is largely determined by Ohio hunters. Increased understanding of the role of urban landscapes as potential refuges from hunting pressure will improve our ability to manage dove harvests. Large-scale banding studies are needed to obtain contemporary estimates of harvest parameters, which are necessary for more informed harvest management of mourning doves. C1 Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Ashley, OH 43003 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29632 USA. Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29632 USA. RP Berdeen, JB (reprint author), Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, 1840 Belcher Dr, Columbus, OH 43224 USA. EM jim.berdeen@dnr.state.mn.us NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 694 EP 700 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0694:HPOUAR]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 841AM UT WOS:000222901700028 ER PT J AU Taylor, J Middleton, BA AF Taylor, J Middleton, BA TI Comparison of litter decomposition in a natural versus coal-slurry pond reclaimed as a wetland SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE coal mining; coal-slurry ponds reclaimed as wetlands; decomposition; functional assessment; organic matter; Phragmites australis; Typha latifolia; wetland restoration ID MINE DRAINAGE; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; WATER; RESTORATION; MITIGATION; BREAKDOWN; DETRITUS; EFFLUENT; CARBON; RIVER AB Decomposition is a key function in reclaimed wetlands, and changes in its rate have ramifications for organic-matter accumulation, nutrient cycling, and production. The purpose of this study was to compare leaf litter decomposition rates in coal-slurry ponds vs. natural wetlands on natural floodplain wetlands in Illinois, USA. The rate of decomposition was slower in the natural wetland vs. the coal pond (k = 0-0043+/-0.0008 vs. 0.0066+/-0.0011, respectively); the soil of the natural wetland was more acidic than the coal pond in this study (pH = 5.3 vs. 7.9, respectively). Similarly, higher organic matter levels were related to lower pH levels, and organic matter levels were seven-times higher in the natural wetland than in the coal pond. The coal slurry pond was five years old at the time of the study, while the natural oxbow wetland was older (more than 550 years). The coal-slurry pond was originally a floodplain wetland (slough); the downstream end was blocked with a stoplog structure and the oxbow filled with slurry. The pattern of decomposition for all species in the coal pond was the same as in the natural pond; Potomogeton nodosus decomposed more quickly than Phragmites australis, and both of these species decomposed more quickly than either Typha latifolia or Cyperus erythrorhizos (k = 0.0121+/-0.0008, 0.0051+/-0.0006, 0.0024+/-0.0001, 0.0024+/-0-0004, respectively). Depending on how open or closed the system is to outside inputs, decomposition rate regulates other functions such as production, nutrient cycling, organic-layer accumulation in the soil, and the timing and nature of delivery of detritus to the food chain. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, USGS, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Everglades Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. RP Middleton, BA (reprint author), Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, USGS, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM beth_middleton@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 23 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1085-3278 J9 LAND DEGRAD DEV JI Land Degrad. Dev. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.1002/ldr.625 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 845WB UT WOS:000223274900007 ER PT J AU McNaught, AS Kiesling, RL Ghadouani, A AF McNaught, AS Kiesling, RL Ghadouani, A TI Changes to zooplankton community structure following colonization of a small lake by Leptodora kindti SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EFFICIENCY HYPOTHESIS; FOOD-WEB; BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI; BOSMINA-LONGIROSTRIS; WHOLE-LAKE; PREDATION; MICHIGAN; CHAOBORUS; CLADOCERAN; PREY AB The predaceous cladoceran Leptodora kindti (Focke) became established in Third Sister Lake, Michigan, after individuals escaped from experimental enclosures in 1987. By 1988, the Leptodora population exhibited seasonal dynamics characteristic of natural populations. The maximum seasonal abundance of Leptodora increased to 85 individuals m(-3) 3 yr following the introduction. After the appearance of Leptodora, small-bodied cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia and Bosmina) virtually disappeared from the lake. There were strong seasonal shifts in the dominance patterns of both cladocerans and copepods, and Daphnia species diversity increased. Results from this unplanned introduction suggest that invertebrate predators can have a rapid and lasting effect on prey populations, even in the presence of planktivorous fish. Small-scale (<20 km) geographic barriers might be as important as large-scale barriers to dispersal of planktonic animals. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Environm Invest Sect, Austin, TX 78754 USA. Univ Western Australia, Water Res Ctr, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RP McNaught, AS (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RI Ghadouani, Anas/A-2568-2008 OI Ghadouani, Anas/0000-0002-1252-4851 NR 57 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1239 EP 1249 PN 2 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 869JS UT WOS:000224979800003 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, K Silva, S Kendall, C Stuart-Williams, H Paytan, A AF McLaughlin, K Silva, S Kendall, C Stuart-Williams, H Paytan, A TI A precise method for the analysis of delta O-18 of dissolved inorganic phosphate in seawater SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE EXCHANGE; OCEANIC PHOSPHORUS CYCLE; FOSSIL MARINE ORGANISMS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; SILVER PHOSPHATE; RARE-EARTH; ORTHOPHOSPHATE; NITRATE; RATIOS; WATER AB A method for preparation and analysis of the oxygen isotope composition (delta(18)O) of dissolved inorganic phosphate ( DIP) has been developed and preliminary results for water samples from various locations are reported. Phosphate is extracted from seawater samples by coprecipitation with magnesium hydroxide. Phosphate is further purified through a series of precipitations and resin separation and is ultimately converted to silver phosphate. Silver phosphate samples are pyrolitically decomposed to carbon monoxide and analyzed for delta(18)O. Silver phosphate samples weighing 0.7 mg ( 3.5 mumol oxygen) can be analyzed routinely with an average standard deviation of about 0.3parts per thousand. There is no isotope fractionation during extraction and blanks are negligible within analytical error. Reproducibility was determined for both laboratory standards and natural samples by multiple analyses. A comparison between filtered and unfiltered natural seawater samples was also conducted and no appreciable difference was observed for the samples tested. The delta(18)O values of DIP in seawater determined using this method range from 18.6% to 22.3parts per thousand, suggesting small but detectable natural variability in seawater. For the San Francisco Bay estuary DIP delta(18)O is more variable, ranging from 11.4parts per thousand near the San Joaquin River to 20.1parts per thousand near the Golden Gate Bridge, and was well correlated with salinity, phosphate concentration, and delta(18)O of water. C1 Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP McLaughlin, K (reprint author), Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 46 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 44 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 2 BP 202 EP 212 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 903VS UT WOS:000227454300001 ER PT J AU Runge, MC Langtimm, CA Kendall, WL AF Runge, MC Langtimm, CA Kendall, WL TI Stage-based model of manatee population dynamics SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stage-structured population model; Florida manatee; Trichechus manatus latirostris; uncertainty; elasticity; variance decomposition; recovery criteria; forecasting ID ADULT FLORIDA MANATEES; WEST-INDIAN MANATEES; TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; SURVIVAL PROBABILITIES; LATIROSTRIS; ENVIRONMENTS; WHALES AB A stage-structured population model for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) was developed that explicitly incorporates uncertainty in parameter estimates. The growth rates calculated with this model reflect the status of the regional populations over the most recent 10-yr period. The Northwest and Upper St. Johns River regions have growth rates (lambda) of 1.037 (9576 interval, 1.016-1.056) and 1.062 (1.037-1.081), respectively. The Southwest region has a growth rate of 0.989 (0.946-1.024), suggesting this population has been declining at about 1.1% per year. The estimated growth rate in the Atlantic region is 1.010 (0.988-1.029), but there is some uncertainty about whether adult survival rates have been constant over the last 10 yr; using the mean survival rates from the most recent 5-yr period, the estimated growth rate in this region is 0.970 (0.938-0.998). Elasticity analysis indicates that the most effective management actions should seek to increase adult survival rates. Decomposition of the uncertainty in the growth rates indicates that uncertainty about population status can best be reduced through increased monitoring of adult survival rate. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Runge, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM michael_runge@usgs.gov RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X NR 38 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 361 EP 385 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01167.x PG 25 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 842ON UT WOS:000223013800001 ER PT J AU Kendall, WL Langtimm, CA Beck, CA Runge, MC AF Kendall, WL Langtimm, CA Beck, CA Runge, MC TI Capture-recapture analysis for estimating manatee reproductive rates SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeding probability; capture-recapture; manatees; mark-resighting; misclassification; photo-identification; population modeling ID ADULT FLORIDA MANATEES; SURVIVAL PROBABILITIES; BREEDING PROPORTIONS; MARK AB Modeling the life history of the endangered Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) is an important step toward understanding its population dynamics and predicting its response to management actions. We developed a multi-state mark-resighting model for data collected under Pollock's robust design. This model estimates breeding probability conditional on a female's breeding state in the previous year; assumes sighting probability depends on breeding state; and corrects for misclassification of a cow with first-year calf, by estimating conditional sighting probability for the calf. The model is also appropriate for estimating survival and unconditional breeding probabilities when the study area is closed to temporary emigration across years. We applied this model to photo-identification data for the Northwest and Atlantic Coast populations of manatees, for years 1982-2000. With rare exceptions, manatees do not reproduce in two consecutive years. For those without a first-year calf in the previous year, the best-fitting model included constant probabilities of producing a calf for the Northwest (0.43, SE = 0.057) and Atlantic (0.38, SE = 0.045) populations. The approach we present to adjust for misclassification of breeding state could be applicable to a large number of marine mammal populations. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USGS, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Kendall, WL (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM william_kendall@usgs.gov RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 21 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 424 EP 437 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01170.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 842ON UT WOS:000223013800004 ER PT J AU Langtimm, CA Beck, CA Edwards, HH Fick-Child, KJ Ackerman, BB Barton, SL Hartley, WC AF Langtimm, CA Beck, CA Edwards, HH Fick-Child, KJ Ackerman, BB Barton, SL Hartley, WC TI Survival estimates for Florida manatees from the photo-identification of individuals SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE words : survival probabilities; capture-recapture; Trichechus manatus latirostris; manatee; photo-identification; sighting probabilities; temporal variance; program MARK ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; WEST-INDIAN MANATEES; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE; TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MODEL SELECTION; MARKED ANIMALS; SITE FIDELITY; LATIROSTRIS AB We estimated adult survival probabilities for the endangered Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in four regional populations using photoidentification data and open-population capture-recapture statistical models. The mean annual adult survival probability over the most recent 10-yr period of available estimates was as follows: Northwest - 0.956 (SE 0.007), Upper St. Johns River - 0.960 (0.011), Atlantic Coast - 0.937 (0.008), and Southwest - 0.908 (0.019). Estimates of temporal variance independent of sampling error, calculated from the survival estimates, indicated constant survival in the Upper St. Johns River, true temporal variability in the Northwest and Atlantic Coast, and large sampling variability obscuring estimates for the Southwest. Calf and subacult survival probabilities were estimated for the Upper St. Johns River from the only available data for known-aged individuals: 0.810 (9596 CI 0.727-0.873) for 1st year calves, 0.915 (0.827-0.960) for 2nd year calves, and 0.969 (0.946-0.982) for manatee 3 yr or older. These estimates of survival probabilities and temporal variance, in conjunction with estimates of reproduction probabilities from photoidentification data can be used to model manatee population dynamics, estimate population growth rates, and provide an integrated measure of regional status. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. Florida Marine Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Florida Pk Serv, Orange Pk, FL 32763 USA. RP Langtimm, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, 412 NE 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. EM cathy_langtimm@usgs.gov NR 72 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 438 EP 463 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01171.x PG 26 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 842ON UT WOS:000223013800005 ER PT J AU Vandergast, AG Gillespie, RG Roderick, GK AF Vandergast, AG Gillespie, RG Roderick, GK TI Influence of volcanic activity on the population genetic structure of Hawaiian Tetragnatha spiders: fragmentation, rapid population growth and the potential for accelerated evolution SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic subdivision; habitat fragmentation; Hawaii; population growth ID SPINY LEG CLADE; GENUS TETRAGNATHA; LAVA FLOWS; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; DNA-SEQUENCES; F-STATISTICS; SPECIATION; DROSOPHILA; DISPERSAL; DISTANCE AB Volcanic activity on the island of Hawaii results in a cyclical pattern of habitat destruction and fragmentation by lava, followed by habitat regeneration on newly formed substrates. While this pattern has been hypothesized to promote the diversification of Hawaiian lineages, there have been few attempts to link geological processes to measurable changes in population structure. We investigated the genetic structure of three species of Hawaiian spiders in forests fragmented by a 150-year-old lava flow on Mauna Loa Volcano, island of Hawaii: Tetragnatha quasimodo (forest and lava flow generalist), T. anuenue and T. brevignatha (forest specialists). To estimate fragmentation effects on population subdivision in each species, we examined variation in mitochondrial and nuclear genomes (DNA sequences and allozymes, respectively). Population subdivision was higher for forest specialists than for the generalist in fragments separated by lava. Patterns of mtDNA sequence evolution also revealed that forest specialists have undergone rapid expansion, while the generalist has experienced more gradual population growth. Results confirm that patterns of neutral genetic variation reflect patterns of volcanic activity in some Tetragnatha species. Our study further suggests that population subdivision and expansion can occur across small spatial and temporal scales, which may facilitate the rapid spread of new character states, leading to speciation as hypothesized by H. L. Carson 30 years ago. C1 USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Insect Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vandergast, AG (reprint author), USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 5745 Kearny Villa Rd,Suite M, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM avandergast@usgs.gov RI Vandergast, Amy/H-3618-2012; OI Vandergast, Amy/0000-0002-7835-6571 NR 75 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1729 EP 1743 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02179.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 827VY UT WOS:000221933000002 PM 15189199 ER PT J AU Ebeling, JM Ogden, SR AF Ebeling, JM Ogden, SR TI Application of chemical coagulation aids for the removal of suspended solids (TSS) and phosphorus from the microscreen effluent discharge of an intensive recirculating aquaculture system SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article AB An evaluation of two commonly used coagulation-flocculation aids (alum and ferric chloride) was conducted to determine optimum conditions for treating the backwash effluent from microscreen filters in an intensive recirculating aquaculture system. Tests were carried out to evaluate the dosages and conditions (mixing and flocculation stirring speeds, durations, and settling times) required to achieve optimum waste capture. The orthophosphate removal efficiency for alum and ferric chloride were greater than 90% at a dosage of 60 mg/L. Optimum turbidity removal was achieved with a 60-mg/L dosage for both alum and ferric chloride. Both alum and ferric chloride demonstrated excellent removal of suspended solids from initial total suspended solid values of approximately 320 mg/L to approximately 10 mg/L at a dosage of 60 mg/L. Flocculation and mixing speed and duration played only a minor role in the removal efficiencies for both orthophosphates and suspended solids. Both coagulation-flocculation aids also exhibited excellent settling characteristics, with the majority of the floc quickly settling out in the first 5 min. C1 Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Ebeling, JM (reprint author), Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. EM j.ebeling@freshwaterinstitute.org OI Sibrell, Philip/0000-0001-5666-1228 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 66 IS 3 BP 198 EP 207 DI 10.1577/A03-056.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 842AM UT WOS:000222974600005 ER PT J AU Isely, JJ Grabowski, TB AF Isely, JJ Grabowski, TB TI Occurrence, size, and tag retention of sneaker male hatchery rainbow trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIORS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MASOU; BREEDING-BEHAVIOR; COHO SALMON; EVOLUTION; TACTICS AB One alternative reproductive tactic involving early-maturing, cryptic males is referred to as "sneaking." Although sneakers tend to be easily detectable upon close inspection, little is known about the proportion of a fish population consisting of sneakers. We examined 15,400 age-1 rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in a hatchery. Total length (mm), wet weight (g), and sex (sneaker male or unknown) were recorded for each fish. We also individually tagged each sneaker male with soft visual implant alphanumeric (VIalpha) tags that were sequentially numbered and held the fish for 25 d before inspection. Sneakers constituted 2.8% of the hatchery rainbow trout population and were smaller in total length and weight than typical rainbow trout of the same age. Retention of the VIalpha tags in sneakers was 58.9%, significantly lower than has been reported under similar circumstances. We found that sneaker males may contribute substantially to hatchery populations. Reduced tag retention in sneakers may bias studies evaluating the effect of hatchery fish on wild populations. We believe that hatchery-produced sneaker males have the potential to contribute importantly to the genetic composition of wild populations. C1 Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Isely, JJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jisely@clemson.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 66 IS 3 BP 234 EP 236 DI 10.1577/A03-023.1 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 842AM UT WOS:000222974600010 ER PT J AU Copeland, T Carline, RF AF Copeland, T Carline, RF TI Relationship of lipid content to size and condition in walleye fingerlings from natural and aquacultural environments SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE WEIGHT INDEX; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; BODY-COMPOSITION; WILD FISH AB Condition indices are widely used in the evaluation of fish populations, but most research on the relationship of condition indices to body composition has taken place in laboratory environments. Our objectives were to assess the relative ability of measures of size and three versions of condition index to predict the lipid content of fingerling walleyes Sander vitreus from aquacultural or natural environments. Fingerlings were either intensively cultured through the fall of 1994, were stocked and spent 3-4 months at large in four lakes, or were intensively cultured and maintained overwinter in hatchery ponds. Variation in condition indices accounted for less than 35% of the variation in lipid. No index performed substantially better than the others. The relationship of condition to lipid content was not consistent between environments or seasons (ANCOVA: F = 403.4, P < 0.0005). Relationships were also different among the four lake populations (ANCOVA: F = 33.9 P < 0.0005). Inconsistencies seem to be the result of differences in seasonal and environmental stress. The utility of condition indices as surrogates for body composition should be verified with each use. Furthermore, comparisons of fingerlings from aquacultural environments with fingerlings from natural environments are unlikely to be physiologically meaningful. C1 Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, Sweet Valley, PA 18656 USA. Penn State Univ, Merkle Lab, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Copeland, T (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 1414 E Locust Lane, Napa, ID 83688 USA. EM tcopeland@idfg.state.id.us NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 66 IS 3 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1577/A03-033.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 842AM UT WOS:000222974600011 ER PT J AU Beck, H Gaines, MS Hines, JE Nichols, JD AF Beck, H Gaines, MS Hines, JE Nichols, JD TI Comparative dynamics of small mammal populations in treefall gaps and surrounding understorey within Amazonian rainforest SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID HABITAT SELECTION; VARYING ENVIRONMENTS; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; TROPICAL FOREST; CENTRAL PANAMA; MEADOW VOLES; COSTA-RICA; WET FOREST; SEED RAIN; DIVERSITY AB Variation in food resource availability can have profound effects on habitat selection and dynamics of populations. Previous studies reported higher food resource availability and fruit removal in treefall gaps than in the understorey. Therefore, gaps have been considered "keystone habitat" for Neotropical frugivore birds. Here we test if this prediction would also hold for terrestrial small mammals. In the Amazon, we quantified food resource availability in eleven treefall gaps and paired understorey habitats and used feeding experiments to test if two common terrestrial rodents (Oryzomys megacephalus and Proechimys spp.) would perceive differences between habitats. We live-trapped small mammals in eleven gaps and understorey sites for two years, and compared abundance, fitness components (survival and per capita recruitment) and dispersal of these two rodent species across gaps and understorey and seasons (rainy and dry). Our data indicated no differences in resource availability and consumption rate between habitats. Treefall gaps may represent a sink habitat for Oryzomys where individuals had lower fitness, apparently because of habitat-specific ant predation on early life stages, than in the understorey, the source habitat. Conversely, gaps may be source habitat for Proechimys where individuals had higher fitness, than in the understorey, the sink habitat. Our results suggest the presence of source-sink dynamics in a tropical gap-understorey landscape, where two rodent species perceive habitats differently. This may be a mechanism for their coexistence in a heterogeneous and species-diverse system. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Trop Conservat, Durham, NC 27705 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Univ Miami, Dept Biol, POB 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM harald@duke.edu NR 76 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUL PY 2004 VL 106 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12864.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 821CV UT WOS:000221438300004 ER PT J AU Weiher, E Forbes, S Schauwecker, T Grace, JB AF Weiher, E Forbes, S Schauwecker, T Grace, JB TI Multivariate control of plant species richness and community biomass in blackland prairie SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL WETLAND; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; PRODUCTIVITY; DENSITY; POOLS; MODEL; SCALE; BIODIVERSITY; VEGETATION AB Recent studies have shown that patterns of plant species richness and community biomass are best understood in a multivariate context. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a multivariate hypothesis about how herbaceous biomass and richness relate to gradients in soil conditions and woody plant cover in blackland prairies. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate how soil characteristics and shade by scattered Juniperus virginiana trees relate to standing biomass and species richness in 99 0.25 m(2) quadrats collected in eastern Mississippi, USA. Analysis proceeded in two stages. In the first stage, we evaluated the hypothesis that correlations among soil parameters could be represented by two underlying (latent) soil factors, mineral content and organic content. In the second stage, we evaluated the hypothesis that richness and biomass were related to (1) soil properties, (2) tree canopy extent, and (3) each other (i.e. reciprocal effects between richness and biomass). With some modification to the details of the original model, it was found that soil properties could be represented as two latent variables. In the overall model, 51% and 53% of the observed variation in richness and biomass were explained. The order of importance for variables explaining variations in richness was (1) soil organic content, (2) soil mineral content, (3) community biomass, and (4) tree canopy extent. The order of importance for variables explaining biomass was (1) tree canopy and (2) soil organic content, with neither soil mineral content nor species richness explaining significant variation in biomass. Based on these findings, we conclude that variations in richness are uniquely related to both variations in soil conditions and variations in herbaceous biomass. We further conclude that there is no evidence in these data for effects of species richness on biomass. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Weiher, E (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. EM weiher@uwec.edu NR 56 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUL PY 2004 VL 106 IS 1 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12545.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 821CV UT WOS:000221438300016 ER PT J AU Homer, C Huang, CQ Yang, LM Wylie, B Coan, M AF Homer, C Huang, CQ Yang, LM Wylie, B Coan, M TI Development of a 2001 National Land-Cover Database for the United States SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID THEMATIC MAPPER; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT AB Multi-Resolution Land Characterization 2001 (MRLC 2001) is a second-generation Federal consortium designed to create an updated pool of notion-wide Landsat 5 and 7 imagery and derive a second-generation National Land Cover Database (NLCD 2001). The objectives of this multi-layer, multi-source database are two fold: first, to provide consistent land cover for all 50 States, and second, to provide a data framework which allows flexibility in developing and applying each independent data component to a wide variety of other applications. Components in the database include the following: (1) normalized imagery for three time periods per path/row, (2) ancillary data, including a 30 m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived into slope, aspect and slope position, (3) per-pixel estimates of percent imperviousness and percent tree canopy, (4) 29 classes of land cover data derived from the image, ancillary data and derivatives, (5) classification rules, confidence estimates, and metadata from the land cover classification. This database is now being developed using a Mapping Zone approach, with 66 Zones in the continental United States and 23 Zones in Alaska. Results from three initial mapping Zones show single-pixel land cover accuracies ranging from 73 to 77 percent, imperviousness accuracies ranging from 83 to 91 percent, tree canopy accuracies ranging from 78 to 93 percent, and an estimated 50 percent increase in mapping efficiency over previous methods. The database has now entered the production phase and is being created using extensive partnering in the Federal government with planned completion by 2006. C1 SAIC Corp, USGS, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Homer, C (reprint author), SAIC Corp, USGS, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM homer@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798 NR 33 TC 844 Z9 871 U1 4 U2 68 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 7 BP 829 EP 840 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 833OG UT WOS:000222346700008 ER PT J AU Juracek, KE AF Juracek, KE TI Historical channel-bed elevation change as a result of multiple disturbances, Soldier Creek, Kansas SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE stream; erosion; degradation; channel-bed elevation; streamflow gage; channelization; flood; Kansas AB Historical information on stream stage/discharge relations from eight U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging stations was used to analyze channel-bed elevation change along Soldier Creek, a stream affected by multiple disturbances in northeast Kansas. The analysis provided information on the spatial (location, type, magnitude) and temporal (timing, duration, trend, rate) dimensions of channel change. Channel changes determined for Soldier Creek included extensive changes resulting from channelization and changes of relatively limited extent following a flood. The results were used to document channel changes, partly reconstruct historical channel conditions, infer the causes of channel change, and estimate the occurrence of future channel changes. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Juracek, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 269 EP 290 DI 10.2747/0272-3646.25.4.269 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909TV UT WOS:000227884500001 ER PT J AU Butler, VL O'Connor, JE AF Butler, VL O'Connor, JE TI 9000 years of salmon fishing on the Columbia River, North America SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PLATEAU; BONES AB A large assemblage of salmon bones excavated 50 yr ago from an similar to10,000-yr-old archaeological site near The Dalles, Oregon, USA, has been the primary evidence that early native people along the Columbia River subsisted on salmon. Recent debate about the human role in creating the deposit prompted excavation of additional deposits and analysis of archaeologic, geologic, and hydrologic conditions at the site. Results indicate an anthropogenic source for most of the salmonid remains, which have associated radiocarbon dates indicating that the site was occupied as long ago as 9300 cal yr B.P. The abundance of salmon bone indicates that salmon was a major food item and suggests that migratory salmonids had well-established spawning populations in some parts of the Columbia Basin by 9300-8200 yr ago. (C) 2004 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 Portland State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97216 USA. RP Butler, VL (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM butlerv@pdx.edu NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 62 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/yqres.2004.03.002 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 841JH UT WOS:000222925600001 ER PT J AU Mensing, SA Benson, LV Kashgarian, M Lund, S AF Mensing, SA Benson, LV Kashgarian, M Lund, S TI A Holocene pollen record of persistent droughts from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pyramid Lake; Nevada; Great Basin; pollen; drought; Holocene; climate change ID EASTERN CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; MONO LAKE; VEGETATION; SEDIMENTS; COUNTY AB Pollen and algae microfossils preserved in sediments from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, provide evidence for periods of persistent drought during the Holocene age. We analyzed one hundred nineteen 1-cm-thick samples for pollen and algae from a set of cores that span the past 7630 years. The early middle Holocene, 7600 to 6300 cal yr B.P., was found to be the driest period, although it included one short but intense wet phase. We suggest that Lake Tahoe was below its rim for most of this period, greatly reducing the volume and depth of Pyramid Lake. Middle Holocene aridity eased between 5000 and 3500 cal yr B.P. and climate became variable with distinct wet and dry phases. Lake Tahoe probably spilled intermittently during this time. No core was recovered that represented the period between 3500 and 2600 cal yr B.P. The past 2500 years appear to have had recurrent persistent droughts. The timing and magnitude of droughts identified in the pollen record compares favorably with previously published delta(18)O data from Pyramid Lake. The timing of these droughts also agrees with the ages of submerged rooted stumps in the Eastern Sierra Nevada and woodrat midden data from central Nevada. Prolonged drought episodes appear to correspond with the timing of ice drift minima (solar maxima) identified from North Atlantic marine sediments, suggesting that changes in solar irradiance may be a possible mechanism influencing century-scale drought in the western Great Basin. (C) 2004 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Mensing, SA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM smensing@unr.edu RI Kashgarian, Michaele/E-1665-2011 OI Kashgarian, Michaele/0000-0001-7824-8418 NR 44 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 62 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2004.04.002 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 841JH UT WOS:000222925600004 ER PT J AU Lanphere, MA Champion, DE Clynne, MA Lowenstern, JB Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Wooden, JL AF Lanphere, MA Champion, DE Clynne, MA Lowenstern, JB Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Wooden, JL TI Age of the rockland tephra, western USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ar-40/Ar-39 ages; U-PbSHRIMP ages; Rockland tephra; Lava Creek Tuff; basaltic andesite of Hootman Ranch ID FISSION-TRACK AGE; U-PB AGES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; UNITED-STATES; STRATIGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTIONS; RESIDENCE TIMES; REVISED AGE; MAGMATIC EVOLUTION; CLIMATE; ZIRCONS AB The age of the Rockland tephra, which includes an ash-flow tuff south and west of Lassen Peak in northern California and a widespread ash-fall deposit that produced a distinct stratigraphic marker in western North America, is constrained to 565,000 to 610,000 yr by Ar-40/Ar-39 and U-Pb dating. Ar-40/Ar-39 ages on plagioclase from pumice in the Rockland have a weighted mean age of 609,000 +/- 7000 yr. Isotopic ages of spots on individual zircon crystals, analyzed by the SHRIMP-RG ion microprobe, range from similar to500,000 to similar to800,000 yr; a subpopulation representing crystal rims yielded a weighted-mean age of 573,000 +/- 19,000 yr. Overall stratigraphic constraints on the age are provided by two volcanic units, including the underlying tephra of the Lava Creek Tuff erupted within Yellowstone National Park that has an age of 639,000 +/- 2000 yr. The basaltic andesite of Hootman Ranch stratigraphically overlies the Rockland in the Lassen Peak area and has Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of 565,000 +/- 29,000 and 565,000 +/- 12,000 yr for plagioclase and groundmass, respectively. Identification of Rockland tephra in ODP core 1018 offshore of central California is an important stratigraphic age that also constrains the eruption age to between 580,000 and 600,000 yr. Published by University of Washington. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lanphere, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM alder@usgs.gov OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 62 IS 1 BP 94 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2004.03.001 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 841JH UT WOS:000222925600010 ER PT J AU Mayer, JH Mahan, SA AF Mayer, JH Mahan, SA TI Reply to the letter to the editor from Huntley re Mayer and Mahan, 2004. Quaternary Research 61, 72-84 SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID LUMINESCENCE; FELDSPARS C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mayer, JH (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jmayer@geo.arizona.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 62 IS 1 BP 111 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2004.04.003 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 841JH UT WOS:000222925600013 ER PT J AU Korman, J Wiele, SM Torizzo, M AF Korman, J Wiele, SM Torizzo, M TI Modelling effects of discharge on habitat quality and dispersal of juvenile humpback chub (Gila cypha) in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE instream flow; humpback chub; Grand Canyon; Colorado River; suitable habitat; dispersal; hydrodynamic modelling; Glen Canyon Dam ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; REGULATED RIVER; VARIABILITY; FISHES AB A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was applied to seven study reaches in the Colorado River within Grand Canyon to examine how operation of Glen Canyon Dam has affected availability of suitable shoreline habitat and dispersal of juvenile humpback chub (Gila cypha). Suitable shoreline habitat typically declined with increasing discharges above 226-425 trill S, although the response varied among modelled reaches and was strongly dependent on local morphology. The area of suitable shoreline habitat over cover types that are preferred by juvenile humpback chub, however, stayed constant, and in some reaches, actually increased with discharge. In general, changes in discharge caused by impoundment tended to decrease availability of suitable shoreline habitat from September to February, but increased habitat availability in spring (May-June). Hourly variation in discharge from Glen Canyon Dam substantially reduced the amount of persistent shoreline habitat at all reaches. Changes in suitable shoreline habitat with discharge were shown to potentially bias historical catch per unit effort indices of native fish abundance up to fourfold. Physical retention of randomly placed particles simulating the movement of juvenile humpback chub in the study reaches tended to decline with increasing discharge, but the pattern varied considerably due to differences in the local morphology among reaches and the type of swimming behaviour modelled. Implications of these. results to current hypotheses about the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on juvenile humpback chub survival in the mainstem Colorado River are discussed. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ecometr Res Inc, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO USA. RP Korman, J (reprint author), Ecometr Res Inc, 3560 W 22nd Ave, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. EM jkorman@ecometric.com NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 379 EP 400 DI 10.1002/rra.749 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 840TA UT WOS:000222881500002 ER PT J AU Gutreuter, S AF Gutreuter, S TI Challenging the assumption of habitat limitation: An example from centrarchid fishes over an intermediate spatial scale SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE centrarchid fishes; abundance; rivers; backwaters; habitat rehabilitation; model; negative binomial; Akaike Information ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WINTER HABITAT; STREAM FISHES; TOP-DOWN; CONSERVATION; MODEL; RECRUITMENT; PATTERNS; SYSTEM; TROUT AB Habitat rehabilitation efforts are predicated on the frequently untested assumption that habitat is limiting to populations. These efforts are typically costly and will be ineffective if habitat is not limiting. Therefore it is important to assess, rather than assume, habitat limitation wherever habitat rehabilitation projects are considered. Catch-count data from a standardized probability-based stratified-random monitoring programme were examined for indirect evidence of backwater habitat limitation by centrarchid fishes in the Upper Mississippi River System. The monitoring design enabled fitting statistical models of the association between mean catch at the spatial scale of tens of river kilometres and the percentage of contiguous aquatic area in backwater at least I m deep by maximizing a stratum-area weighted negative binomial log-likelihood function. Statistical models containing effects for backwater limitation failed to account for substantial variation in the data. However, 95% confidence intervals on the backwater parameter estimates excluded zero, indicating that population abundance may be limited by backwater prevalence where backwaters are extremely scarce. The combined results indicate, at most, a weak signal of backwater limitation where backwaters are extremely scarce in the lower reaches, but not elsewhere in the Upper Mississippi River System. This suggests that habitat restoration projects designed to increase the area of backwaters suitable for winter survival of centrarchids are unlikely to produce measurable benefits over intermediate spatial scales in much of the Upper Mississippi River System, and indicates the importance of correct identification of limiting processes. Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Gutreuter, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM steve_gutreuter@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 413 EP 425 DI 10.1002/rra.757 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 840TA UT WOS:000222881500004 ER PT J AU Yeats, RS Weaver, C AF Yeats, RS Weaver, C TI Surface faulting: A new paradigm for the Pacific Northwest SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Earth Consultants Int, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Yeats, RS (reprint author), Earth Consultants Int, 1654 NW Crest Pl, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM yeats@geo.orst.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 75 IS 4 BP 467 EP 469 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 876VT UT WOS:000225527300001 ER PT J AU Lee, WHK Ellsworth, WL AF Lee, WHK Ellsworth, WL TI Jerry P. Eaton (1926-2004) - In memoriam SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lee, WHK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 75 IS 4 BP 472 EP 474 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 876VT UT WOS:000225527300002 ER PT J AU Tinsley, J Hough, SE Yong, A Kanamori, H Yu, E Appel, V Wills, C AF Tinsley, J Hough, SE Yong, A Kanamori, H Yu, E Appel, V Wills, C TI Geotechnical characterization of TriNet sites: A status report SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; SAN-FERNANDO-VALLEY; LOS-ANGELES REGION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; GROUND MOTIONS; EARTHQUAKE; BASIN; ARRAY C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hough@gps.caltech.edu NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 75 IS 4 BP 505 EP 514 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 876VT UT WOS:000225527300006 ER PT J AU Kendrick, KJ Graham, RC AF Kendrick, KJ Graham, RC TI Pedogenic silica accumulation in chronosequence soils, southern California SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IRON; QUATERNARY; SEQUENCES; TERRACES; HOLOCENE; DESERT; OXIDES; NEVADA; RIVER; RATES AB Chronosequential analysis of soil properties has proven to he a valuable approach for estimating ages of geomorphic surfaces where no independent age control exists. In this study we examined pedogenic silica as an indicator of relative ages of soils and geomorphic surfaces, and assessed potential sources of the silica. Pedogenic opaline silica was quantified by tiron (4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene-disulfonic acid [disodium salt], C6H4Na2O8S2) extraction for pedons in two different chronosequences in southern California, one in the San Timoteo Bad-lands and one in Cajon Pass. The soils of both of these chronosequences are developed in arkosic sediments and span 11.5 to 500 ka. The amount of pedogenic silica increases with increasing duration of pedogenesis, and the depth of the maximum silica accumulation generally coincides with the maximum expression of the argillic horizon. Pedogenic silica has accumulated in all of the soils, ranging from 1.2% tiron-extractable Si (Si-tn) in the youngest soil to 4.6% in the oldest. Primary Si decreases with increasing duration of weathering, particularly in the upper horizons, where weathering conditions are most intense. The loss of Si coincides with the loss of Na and K, implicating the weathering of feldspars as the likely source of Si loss. The quantity of Si lost in the upper horizons is adequate to account for the pedogenic silica accumulation in the subsoil. Pedogenic silica was equally effective as pedogenic Fe oxides as an indicator of relative soil age in these soils. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Kendrick, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM kendrick@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1295 EP 1303 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 837EX UT WOS:000222612400021 ER PT J AU O'Gorman, R Lantry, BE Schneider, CP AF O'Gorman, R Lantry, BE Schneider, CP TI Effect of stock size, climate, predation, and trophic status on recruitment of alewives in Lake Ontario, 1978-2000 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; RAINBOW SMELT; LARVAL FISH; FOOD-WEB; MICHIGAN; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; NEARSHORE; ESTABLISHMENT AB The population of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus in Lake Ontario is of great concern to fishery managers because alewives are the principal prey of introduced salmonines and because alewives negatively influence many endemic fishes. We used spring bottom trawl catches of alewives to investigate the roles of stock size, climate, predation, and lake trophic status on recruitment of alewives to age 2 in Lake Ontario during 1978-2000. Climate was indexed from the temperature of water entering a south-shore municipal treatment plant, lake trophic status was indexed by the mean concentration of total phosphorus (TP) in surface water in spring, and predation was indexed by the product of the number of salmonines stocked and relative, first-year survival of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. A Ricker-type parent-progeny model suggested that peak production of age-1 alewives could occur over a broad range of spawning stock sizes, and the fit of the model was improved most by the addition of terms for spring water temperature and winter duration. With the addition of the two climate terms, the Ricker model indicated that when water was relatively warm in spring and the winter was relatively short, peak potential production of young was nine times higher than when water temperature and winters were average, and 73 times higher than when water was cold in spring and winters were long. Relative survival from age I to recruitment at age 2 was best described by a multiple linear regression with terms for adult abundance, TP, and predation. Mean recruitment of age-2 fish in the 1978-1998 year-classes predicted by using the two models in sequence was only about 20% greater than the observed mean recruitment. Model estimates fit the measured data exceptionally well for all but the largest four year-classes, which suggests that the models will facilitate improvement in estimates of trophic transfer due to alewives. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. New York Dept Environm Conservat, Cape Vincent Fisheries Res Stn, Cape Vincent, NY 13618 USA. RP O'Gorman, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. EM rogorman@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 133 IS 4 BP 855 EP 867 DI 10.1577/T03-016.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 838IY UT WOS:000222708100004 ER PT J AU Boggs, CT Keefer, ML Peery, CA Bjornn, TC Stuehrenberg, LC AF Boggs, CT Keefer, ML Peery, CA Bjornn, TC Stuehrenberg, LC TI Fallback, reascension, and adjusted fishway escapement estimates for adult Chinook salmon and steelhead at Columbia and Snake River dams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMYOGRAM TELEMETRY; TRANSMITTERS; BEHAVIOR AB During their upstream spawning migration in the Columbia River basin, some adult salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. ascend and then fall back over main-stem hydroelectric dams. Fall-back can result in fish injury or death, migration delays, and biases in fishway counts, the primary index for escapement and the basis for production estimates and harvest quotas. We used radiotelemetry to calculate fallback percentages and rates, reascension percentages, biases in fishway escapement estimates due to fallback, and occurrence of behaviorally motivated fallback (correcting overshoot of natal sites) by spring-summer and fall Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss. The study area included eight Columbia River and Snake River dams evaluated from 1996 to 2001. For all years combined, about 22% of spring-summer Chinook salmon, 15% of fall Chinook salmon, and 21% of steelhead fell back at least once at a dam. Fallback percentages for spring-summer Chinook salmon were generally highest at Bonneville and the Dalles dams and decreased at progressively upstream dams. Fallback rates for spring-summer Chinook salmon were positively correlated with river discharge. Fallback percentages for steelhead and fall Chinook salmon were less variable between years but were more variable between dams than those of spring-summer Chinook salmon. Reascension percentages at dams ranged widely between runs and sites and were negatively related to the number of fish that entered tributaries downstream from the fallback location. Fall Chinook salmon were the most likely to enter a downstream tributary after falling back, though this behavior was also observed in spring-summer Chinook salmon and steelhead. For all years and at all dams, fallback produced positive fishway count biases ranging from 1% to 16% for spring-summer Chinook salmon, 1% to 38% for fall Chinook salmon, and 1% to 12% for steelhead. C1 Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Boggs, CT (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM cboggs@uidaho.edu NR 36 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 133 IS 4 BP 932 EP 949 DI 10.1577/T03-133.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 838IY UT WOS:000222708100010 ER PT J AU Goldstein, RM Meador, MR AF Goldstein, RM Meador, MR TI Comparisons of fish species traits from small streams to large rivers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT; GRADIENTS; TEMPLET AB To examine the relations between fish community function and stream size, we classified 429 lotic freshwater fish species based on multiple categories within six species traits: (1) substrate preference, (2) geomorphic preference, (3) trophic ecology, (4) locomotion morphology, (5) reproductive strategy, and (6) stream size preference. Stream size categories included small streams, small, medium, and large rivers, and no size preference. The frequencies of each species trait category were determined for each stream size category based on life history information from the literature. Cluster analysis revealed the presence of covarying groups of species trait categories. One cluster (RUN) included the traits of planktivore and herbivore feeding ecology, migratory reproductive behavior and broadcast spawning, preferences for main-channel habitats, and a lack of preferences for substrate type. The frequencies of classifications for the RUN cluster varied significantly across stream size categories (P = 0.009), being greater for large rivers than for small streams and rivers. Another cluster (RIFFLE) included the traits of invertivore feeding ecology, simple nester reproductive behavior, a preference for riffles, and a preference for bedrock, boulder, and cobble-rubble substrate. No significant differences in the frequency of classifications among stream size categories were detected for the RIFFLE cluster (P = 0.328). Our results suggest that fish community function is structured by large-scale differences in habitat and is different for large rivers than for small streams and rivers. Our findings support theoretical predictions of variation in species traits among stream reaches based on ecological frameworks such as landscape filters, habitat templates, and the river continuum concept. We believe that the species trait classifications presented here provide an opportunity for further examination of fish species' relations to physical, chemical, and biological factors in lotic habitats ranging from small streams to large rivers. C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Goldstein, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM goldstei@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 133 IS 4 BP 971 EP 983 DI 10.1577/T03-080.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 838IY UT WOS:000222708100013 ER PT J AU Koel, TM AF Koel, TM TI Spatial variation in fish species richness of the upper Mississippi River system SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ILLINOIS RIVER; BACKWATER LAKE; BIODIVERSITY; PATTERNS; DISTURBANCE; LANDSCAPES; MORTALITY; INTEGRITY; HABITATS; ECOLOGY AB Important natural environmental gradients, including the connectivity of off-channel aquatic habitats to the main-stem river, have been lost in many reaches of the upper Mississippi River system, and an understanding of the consequences of this isolation is lacking in regard to native fish communities. The objectives of this study were to describe patterns of fish species richness, evenness, and diversity among representative habitats and river reaches and to examine the relationship between fish species richness and habitat diversity. Each year (1994-1999) fish communities of main-channel borders (MCB), side channel borders (SCB), and contiguous backwater shorelines (BWS) were sampled using boat-mounted electrofishing, mini-fyke-nets, tyke nets, hoop nets, and seines at a standardized number of sites. A total of 0.65 million fish were collected, representing 106 species from upper Mississippi River Pools 4, 8, 13, and 26; the open (unimpounded) river reach; and the La Grange Reach of the Illinois River. Within pools, species richness based on rarefaction differed significantly among habitats and was highest in BWS and lowest in MCB (P < 0.0001). At the reach scale, Pools 4, 8, and 13 consistently had the highest species richness and Pool 26, the open-river reach, and the La Grange Reach were significantly lower (P < 0.0001). Species evenness and diversity indices showed similar trends. The relationship between native fish species richness and habitat diversity was highly significant (r(2) = 0.85; P = 0.0091). These results support efforts aimed at the conservation and enhancement of connected side channels and backwaters. Although constrained by dams, pools with high native species richness could serve as a relative reference. The remnants of natural riverine dynamics that remain in these reaches should be preserved and enhanced; conditions could be used to guide restoration activities in more degraded reaches. C1 Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Mississippi Monitoring Stn, Lake City, MN 55041 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Koel, TM (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Sect, POB 168, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. EM todd_koel@nps.gov NR 65 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 133 IS 4 BP 984 EP 1003 DI 10.1577/T03-089.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 838IY UT WOS:000222708100014 ER PT J AU Beauchamp, DA Sergeant, CJ Mazur, MM Scheuerell, JM Schindler, DE Scheuerell, MD Fresh, KL Seiler, DE Quinn, TP AF Beauchamp, DA Sergeant, CJ Mazur, MM Scheuerell, JM Schindler, DE Scheuerell, MD Fresh, KL Seiler, DE Quinn, TP TI Spatial-temporal dynamics of early feeding demand and food supply for sockeye salmon fry in Lake Washington SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MATCH MISMATCH HYPOTHESIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PREY; ZOOPLANKTON; PREDATION; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; AVOIDANCE; SURVIVAL; KOKANEE AB We compared temporal consumption rates by sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka fry with food supply to evaluate how different survival and dispersal rates or additional hatchery production affected the winter carrying capacity of Lake Washington, Washington. Peak immigration Of sockeye salmon fry into southern Lake Washington precedes the spring zooplankton bloom by 2-3 months. Zooplankton density, fish diet, and growth were sampled during winter and spring 2001, when a record 52.4 million fry entered the lake. Supplementary information on the distribution and dispersal of fry was collected in 2002 and 2003. We used bioenergetics modeling to estimate the temporal-spatial consumption by fry during early lake rearing. Cyclops bicuspidatus were dominant in the diet and zooplankton assemblage but declined from more than 30/L in late February and early March to fewer than 5/L during mid-March and early April. Fry ate significantly larger Cyclops than the average size in the lake; approximately 83% of the food items in the stomachs were larger than 0.8 mm, which was the minimum food item size. Hydroacoustics and midwater trawling surveys during 2002 and 2003 suggested that fry dispersed quickly over the southern half of the lake and used depths of 0-30 m. Under the most realistic scenarios for fry dispersal, feeding, and survival, total consumption of all prey by sockeye salmon fry represented 5% of the average monthly biomass of Cyclops during March and early April, when their availability was lowest. Potential bottlenecks in the availability of Cyclops only developed in simulations when fry were restricted to feeding in 0-10-m depths in the southernmost region of the lake. Despite the seemingly adequate food supply for sockeye salmon fry, other planktivores also consume significant fractions of the exploitable prey biomass, and the interannual availability of exploitable zooplankton varies considerably during winter and early spring. Either of these factors could impinge on the localized food supply for sockeye salmon and other species during some years and should be considered in the adaptive management of any enhancement program. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishieries Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Washington Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Beauchamp, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishieries Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM davebea@u.washington.edu RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 NR 30 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 133 IS 4 BP 1014 EP 1032 DI 10.1577/T03-093.1 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 838IY UT WOS:000222708100016 ER PT J AU Hurley, KL Sheehan, RJ Heidinger, RC Wills, PS Clevenstine, B AF Hurley, KL Sheehan, RJ Heidinger, RC Wills, PS Clevenstine, B TI Habitat use by middle Mississippi River pallid sturgeon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-ALBUS; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; MOVEMENTS; MISSOURI; INDEX AB Little is known about the habitat preferences and needs of pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus, which was federally listed as endangered in 1990. To learn more about habitat use and selection by pallid sturgeon, sonic transmitters were surgically implanted in 27 individuals from the middle Mississippi River. Study fish were located 184 times (1-23 times/individual) from November 1995 to December 1999. Of the seven macrohabitats identified, pallid sturgeon were found most often in main-channel habitats (39% of all relocations) and main-channel border habitats (26%); the between-wing-darn habitats were used less often (14%). Strauss's linear selectivity index (L-i) values indicated that study fish exhibited positive selection for the main-channel border, downstream island tips, between-wing-dam, and wing-dam-tip habitats; they showed negative selection for main-channel, downstream of wing dams, and upstream of wing dam habitats. Comparison of Li values for four temperature ranges and three daily mean discharge ranges revealed little change in habitat selection due to temperature or discharge. Habitat use patterns also were similar across seasons and discharge regimes, except during spring months when between-wing-dam habitats saw greater use and main-channel and main-channel border habitat use declined. These changes may have been a response to high river stages associated with spring flooding, which may create favorable feeding areas in the between-wing-dam habitats. Enhancement and restoration of habitat diversity, particularly downstream island tip and between-wing-dam habitats, may be necessary for the recovery of pallid sturgeon in the middle Mississippi River. C1 Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinoise Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rock Isl, IL 61201 USA. RP Hurley, KL (reprint author), Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, 2200 N 33rd St, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. EM khurley@ngpc.state.ne.us NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 133 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1041 DI 10.1577/T03-042.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 838IY UT WOS:000222708100017 ER PT J AU Wang, CY Yang, ZE Luo, H Mooney, WD AF Wang, CY Yang, ZE Luo, H Mooney, WD TI Crustal structure of the northern margin of the eastern Tien Shan, China, and its tectonic implications for the 1906 M similar to 7.7 Manas earthquake SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CENOZOIC TECTONICS; TIANSHAN-MOUNTAINS; CENTRAL-ASIA; TARIM BASIN; DEFORMATION; CONSTRAINTS; COLLISION; EVOLUTION; WESTERN; RATES AB The Tien Shan orogenic belt is the most active intracontinental mountain belt in the world. We describe an 86-km-long N-S-trending deep seismic reflection profile (which passes through the southern Junggar basin) located on the northeastern Tien Shan piedmont. Two distinct anticlines beneath the northern margin of the Tien Shan are clearly imaged in the seismic section. In addition, we have imaged two detachment surfaces at depths of similar to 7 and similar to 16 km. The detachment surface at 16-km depth corresponds to the main detachment that converges with the steep angle reverse fault (the Junggar Southern Marginal Fault) on which the 1906 Msimilar to7.7 Mantis earthquake occurred. A 12-14-km-thick sedimentary basin is imaged beneath the southern Junggar basin near Shihezi. The crust beneath the northern margin of the Tien Shan is 50-55-km thick, and decreases beneath the Junggar basin to 40-45-km thick. The crustal image of the deep seismic reflection profile is consistent with models derived from nearby seismic refraction data and Bouguer gravity anomalies in the same region. The faulting associated with the 1906 Manas earthquake also fits within the structural framework imaged by the seismic reflection profile. Present-day micro-seismicity shows a hypocentral depth-distribution between 5 and 35 km, with a peak at 20 km. We hypothesize that the 1906 Manas earthquake initiated at a depth of similar to 20 km and propagated upwards, causing northward slip on the sub-horizontal detachments beneath the southern Junggar basin. Thus, in accord with regional geological mapping, the current shortening within the eastern Tien Shan is accommodated both by high-angle reverse faulting and detachment faulting that can be clearly imaged at depth in seismic reflection data. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Earth Quake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. China Seismol Bur, Inst Geophys, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. China Seismol Bur, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Mooney, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Quake Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mooney@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 223 IS 1-2 BP 187 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.015 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 835LE UT WOS:000222483800014 ER PT J AU Hickman, S Zoback, M Ellsworth, W AF Hickman, S Zoback, M Ellsworth, W TI Introduction to special section: Preparing for the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Hickman, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hickman@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 12 AR L12S01 DI 10.1029/2004GL020688 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 839JG UT WOS:000222779500007 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Rykhus, R Masterlark, T Dean, KG AF Lu, Z Rykhus, R Masterlark, T Dean, KG TI Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE lava flows; satellite imagery; mapping ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; KILAUEA VOLCANO; OKMOK VOLCANO; INTERFEROMETRY; MAGMA; TOPOGRAPHY; VOLUME; HAWAII AB Field mapping of young lava flows at Aleutian volcanoes is logistically difficult, and the utility of optical images from aircraft or satellites for this purpose is greatly reduced by persistent cloud cover. These factors have hampered earlier estimates of the areas and volumes of three young lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, including its most recent (1991-1992) flow. We combined information from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with multispectral Landsat-7 data to differentiate the 1991 - 1992 flow from the 1964 flow and a pre- 1964 flow, and to calculate the flow areas (8.4, 9.2, and 7.3 km(2), respectively). By differencing a digital elevation model (DEM) from the 1970-1980s with a DEM from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) in February 2000, we estimated the average thickness of the 1991-1992 flow to be 13 in, which reasonably agrees with field observations (5-10 m). Lava-flow maps produced in this way can be used to facilitate field mapping and flow-hazards assessment, and to study magma-supply dynamics and thus to anticipate future eruptive activity. Based on the recurrence interval of recent eruptions and the results of this study, the next eruption at Westdahl may occur before the end of this decade. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lu@usgs.gov; rykhus@usgs.gov; masterlark@usgs.gov; ken.dean@gi.alaska.edu NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 345 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.015 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 834VF UT WOS:000222438300007 ER PT J AU Rowan, LC Simpson, CJ Mars, JC AF Rowan, LC Simpson, CJ Mars, JC TI Hyperspectral analysis of the ultramafic complex and adjacent lithologies at Mordor, NT, Australia SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ultramafic rocks; hyperspectral data; HyMap scanner; mordor Australia; Australia; remote sensing ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER DATA; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; AVIRIS DATA; MINERALS; CALIFORNIA; INSTRUMENT; VALLEY AB The Mordor Complex consists of a series of potassic ultramafic rocks which were intruded into Proterozoic felsic gneisses and amphibolite and are overlain by quartzite and unconsolidated deposits. In situ and laboratory 0.4 to 2.5 mum reflectance spectra show Al-OH absorption features caused by absorption in muscovite, kaolinite, and illite/smectite in syenite, granitic gneiss, quartzite and unconsolidated sedimentary deposits, and Fe,Mg-OH features due to phlogopite, biotite, epidote, and hornblende in the mafic and ultramafic rocks. Ferrousiron absorption positioned near 1.05 mum is most intense in peridotite reflectance spectra. Ferric-iron absorption is intense in most of the felsic lithologies. HyMap data were recorded in 126 narrow hands from 0.43 to 2.5 pm along a 7-km-wide swath with approximately 6-m spatial resolution. Correction of the data to spectral reflectance was accomplished by reference to in situ measurements of an extensive, alluvial plain. Spectral classes for matched filter processing were selected by using the pixel purity index procedure and analysis of in situ and laboratory spectra. Considering the spatial distribution of the resulting 14 classes, some classes were combined, which produced eight classes characterized by Al-OH absorption features, and three Fe,Mg-OH absorption-feature classes. Comparison of the distribution of these I I spectral classes to a generalized lithologic map of the study area shows that the spectral distinction among the eight Al-OH classes is related to variations in primary lithology, weathering products, and vegetation density. Quartzite is represented in three classes, syenite corresponds to a single scattered class, quartz-muscovite-biotite schist defines a single very coherent class, and unconsolidated sediments are portrayed in four classes. The three mafic-ultramafic classes are distinguished on the basis of generally intense Fe,Mg-OH and ferrous-iron absorption features. A single class represents the main Mordor ultramafic mass. Epidote-bearing rocks define another class, which corresponds to biotite gneiss and, in the southern part of the area, to fracture zones. The third class, which exhibits Al-OH, as well as Fe,Mg-OH features, represents hornblende gneiss and other mafic gneisses. These results indicate the importance of analyzing the VNIR and SWIR spectral shape and albedo, as well as analyzing specific spectral features, for mapping lithologic units in this weathered terrain. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Colin J Simpson & Associates, Torrens, ACT 2607, Australia. RP Rowan, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lrowan@usgs.gov; simpsons@webone.com.au; jmars@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 419 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.04.007 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 834VF UT WOS:000222438300012 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Stehman, SV Smith, JH Yang, L AF Wickham, JD Stehman, SV Smith, JH Yang, L TI Thematic accuracy of the 1992 National Land-Cover Data for the western United States SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE land-cover mapping; MRLC; NLCD; thematic accuracy assessment ID ANCILLARY DATA SOURCES; MAP ACCURACY; CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY; DESIGN; BIAS AB The MultiResolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) consortium sponsored production of the National Land Cover Data (NLCD) for the conterminous United States, using Landsat imagery collected on a target year of 1992 (1992 NLCD). Here we report the thematic accuracy of the 1992 NLCD for the six western mapping regions. Reference data were collected in each region for a probability sample of pixels stratified by map land-cover class. Results are reported for each of the six mapping regions with agreement defined as a match between the primary or alternate reference land-cover label and a mode class of the mapped 3 X 3 block of pixels centered on the sample pixel. Overall accuracy at Anderson Level 11 was low and variable across the regions, ranging from 38% for the Midwest to 70% for the Southwest. Overall accuracy at Anderson Level I was higher and more consistent across the regions, ranging from 82% to 85% for five of the six regions, but only 74% for the South-central region. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. SUNY Syracuse, ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Geograph Anal & Monitoring Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E24305, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epamail.epa.gov NR 26 TC 76 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 452 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.04.002 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 834VF UT WOS:000222438300015 ER PT J AU Poore, RZ Quinn, TM Verardo, S AF Poore, RZ Quinn, TM Verardo, S TI Century-scale movement of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone linked to solar variability SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; HOLOCENE; RECONSTRUCTION; MEXICO; GULF; SUN; AGE AB The abundance of the planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer in Gulf of Mexico (GOM) sediments is a proxy for the influx of Caribbean surface waters (the Loop Current) into the GOM. Penetration of the Loop Current into the GOM is related to the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ): northward migration of the ITCZ results in increased incursion of the Loop Current into the GOM; southward migration of the ITCZ results in decreased penetration of the Loop Current into the GOM. Abundance variations of G. sacculifer in a sediment core from the Pigmy Basin in the GOM show distinct century-scale cyclicity over the last 5,000 years. The periodicity of these abundance variations is similar to the century-scale periodicity observed in proxy records of solar variability, which suggests that the average position of the ITCZ and thus Holocene century-scale variability in the Caribbean-GOM region is linked to solar variability. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP US Geol Survey, MS 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rpoore@usgs.gov; quinn@seas.marine.usf.edu; sverardo@usgs.gov RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008 NR 22 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 29 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 12 AR L12214 DI 10.1029/2004GL019940 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 839JF UT WOS:000222779400006 ER PT J AU Kirch, PV Hartshorn, AS Chadwick, OA Vitousek, PM Sherrod, DR Coil, J Holm, L Sharp, WD AF Kirch, PV Hartshorn, AS Chadwick, OA Vitousek, PM Sherrod, DR Coil, J Holm, L Sharp, WD TI Environment, agriculture, and settlement patterns in a marginal Polynesian landscape SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; EAST MAUI; VOLCANISM; SOILS AB Beginning ca. A.D. 1400, Polynesian farmers established permanent settlements along the and southern flank of Haleakala Volcano, Maui, Hawaiian Islands; peak population density (43-57 persons per km(2)) was achieved by A.D. 1700-1800, and it was followed by the devastating effects of European contact. This settlement, based on dryland agriculture with sweet potato as a main crop, is represented by >3,000 archaeological features investigated to date. Geological and environmental factors are the most important influence on Polynesian farming and settlement practices in an agriculturally marginal landscape. Interactions between lava flows, whose ages range from 3,000 to 226,000 years, and differences in rainfall create an environmental mosaic that constrained precontact Polynesian farming practices to a zone defined by aridity at low elevation and depleted soil nutrients at high elevation. Within this productive zone, however, large-scale agriculture was concentrated on older, tephra-blanketed lava flows; younger flows were reserved for residential sites, small ritual gardens, and agricultural temples. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Anthropol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RP Kirch, PV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Anthropol, 232 Kroeber Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kirch@sscl.berkeley.edu OI Hartshorn, Anthony/0000-0002-0004-5749 NR 36 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 29 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 26 BP 9936 EP 9941 DI 10.1073/pnas.0403470101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834IU UT WOS:000222405600075 PM 15210963 ER PT J AU Hamilton, SJ AF Hamilton, SJ TI Review of selenium toxicity in the aquatic food chain SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE selenium; food chain; interactions; species sensitivity; thresholds; controversy ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; RAINBOW-TROUT SALMO; FRESH-WATER FISH; BLUEGILLS LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; WABIGOON RIVER SYSTEM; MALLARDS FED SELENIUM; UPPER COLORADO RIVER; DIETARY SELENIUM; HAZARD ASSESSMENT AB In many environmental contaminant situations selenium has become the primary element of concern because of its bioaccumulative nature in food webs. Initial concerns about selenium were related to fish kills at Belews Lake, NC, Martin Lake, TX, and Kesterson Reservoir, CA, and to bird deformities at Kesterson Reservoir. Additional concerns were identified under the National Irrigation Water Quality Program at Salton Sea, CA, Kendrick, WY, Stewart Lake, UT, and Grand Valley and Uncompahgre Valley, CO. Recent studies have raised concerns about selenium impacts on aquatic resources in Southeastern Idaho and British Columbia. The growing discomfort among the scientific community with a waterborne criterion has lead the US Environment Protection Agency to consider a tissue-based criterion for selenium. Some aquatic ecosystems have been slow to recover from selenium contamination episodes. In recent years, non-governmental researchers have been proposing relatively high selenium thresholds in diet and tissue relative to those proposed by governmental researchers. This difference in opinions is due in part to the selection of datasets and caveats in selecting scientific literature. In spite of the growing selenium literature, there are needs for additional research on neglected organisms. This review also discusses the interaction of selenium with other elements, inconsistent effects of selenium on survival and growth of fish, and differences in depuration rates and sensitivity among species. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Envrionm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. RP Hamilton, SJ (reprint author), Columbia Envrionm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, 31247 436th Ave, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. EM steve_hamilton@usgs.gov RI Carneiro, Fernanda/E-9513-2013 OI Carneiro, Fernanda/0000-0001-6389-4564 NR 233 TC 332 Z9 353 U1 17 U2 148 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 29 PY 2004 VL 326 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.019 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824YL UT WOS:000221723000001 PM 15142762 ER PT J AU Coogan, LA Thompson, GM MacLeod, CJ Dick, HJB Edwards, SJ Scheirer, AH Barry, TL AF Coogan, LA Thompson, GM MacLeod, CJ Dick, HJB Edwards, SJ Scheirer, AH Barry, TL TI A combined basalt and peridotite perspective on 14 million years of melt generation at the Atlantis Bank segment of the Southwest Indian Ridge: evidence for temporal changes in mantle dynamics? SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mantle dynamics; melt extraction; Atlantis Bank; ODP hole 735B; abyssal peridotites ID BENEATH OCEAN RIDGES; II FRACTURE-ZONE; TRACE-ELEMENT; ABYSSAL PERIDOTITES; GEOCHEMICAL CONSEQUENCES; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; SPREADING RIDGES; CRUST; PETROGENESIS; CIRCULATION AB Little is known about temporal variations in melt generation and extraction at midocean ridges largely due to the paucity of sampling along flow lines. Here we present new whole-rock major and trace element data, and mineral and glass major element data, for 71 basaltic samples (lavas and dykes) and 23 peridotites from the same ridge segment (the Atlantis Bank segment of the Southwest Indian Ridge). These samples span an age range of almost 14 My and, in combination with the large amount of published data from this area, allow temporal variations in melting processes to be investigated. Basalts show systematic changes in incompatible trace element ratios with the older samples (from similar to8-14 Ma) having more depleted incompatible trace element ratios than the younger ones. There is, however, no corresponding change in peridotite compositions. Peridotites come from the top of the melting column, where the extent of melting is highest, suggesting that the maximum degree of melting did not change over this interval of time. New and published Nd isotopic ratios of basalts, dykes and gabbros from this segment suggest that the average source composition has been approximately constant over this time interval. These data are most readily explained by a model in which the average source composition and temperature have not changed over the last 14 My, but the dynamics of mantle flow (active-to-passive) or melt extraction (less-to-more efficient extraction from the 'wings' of the melting column) has changed significantly. This hypothesised change in mantle dynamics occurs at roughly the same time as a change from a period of detachment faulting to 'normal' crustal accretion. We speculate that active mantle flow may impart sufficient shear stress on the base of the lithosphere to rotate the regional stress field and promote the formation of low angle normal faults. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Leicester, Dept Geol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Cardiff Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Cardiff CF10 3YE, S Glam, Wales. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. Univ Greenwich, Nat Resources Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chatham ME4 4TB, Kent, England. USGS, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. British Geol Survey, Cardiff Univ BAS NIGL, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. RP Univ Leicester, Dept Geol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM lacoogan@uvic.ca OI MacLeod, Christopher/0000-0002-0460-1626 NR 59 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUN 28 PY 2004 VL 207 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.01.016 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 830BP UT WOS:000222096900002 ER PT J AU Tauxe, L Gans, P Mankinen, EA AF Tauxe, L Gans, P Mankinen, EA TI Paleomagnetism and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from volcanics extruded during the Matuyama and Brunhes Chrons near McMurdo Sound, Antarctica SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Paleosecular variation; paleomagnetism; paleointensity; VGP scatter; Thellier-Thellier experiment; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : paleointensity; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : paleomagnetic secular variation; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : reference fields (regional, global) ID GEOMAGNETIC SECULAR VARIATION; LONG-TERM VARIATIONS; PAST 3000 YEARS; LAVA FLOWS; PALEOSECULAR VARIATION; FIELD MODELS; PALAEOSECULAR VARIATION; GLACIAL HISTORY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PALEOINTENSITY AB Maps of virtual geomagnetic poles derived from international geomagnetic reference field models show large lobes with significant departures from the spin axis. These lobes persist in field models for the last few millenia. The anomalous lobes are associated with observation sites at extreme southerly latitudes. To determine whether these features persist for millions of years, paleomagnetic vector data from the continent of Antarctica are essential. We present here new paleomagnetic vector data and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from lava flows spanning the Brunhes and Matuyama Chrons from the vicinity of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Oriented paleomagnetic samples were collected from 50 lava flows by E. Mankinen and A. Cox in the 1965-1966 austral summer season. Preliminary data based largely on the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) directions were published by Mankinen and Cox [1988]. We have performed detailed paleomagnetic investigations of 37 sites with multiple fully oriented core samples to investigate the reliability of results from this unique sample collection. Of these, only one site fails to meet our acceptance criteria for directional data. Seven sites are reversely magnetized. The mean normal and reverse directions are antipodal. The combined mean direction has (D) over bar =12, (I) over bar=-86, alpha=4, kappa=37 and is indistinguishable from that expected from a GAD field. We obtained reproducible absolute paleointensity estimates from 15 lava flows with a mean dipole moment of 49 ZAm(2) and a standard deviation of 28 ZAm(2). Ar-40/Ar-39 age determinations were successfully carried out on samples from 18 of the flows. Our new isotopic ages and paleomagnetic polarities are consistent with the currently accepted geomagnetic reversal timescales. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tauxe, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ltauxe@ucsd.edu; gans@magic.ucsb.edu; emank@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUN 26 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q06H12 DI 10.1029/2003GC000656 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 839HI UT WOS:000222774200002 ER PT J AU Worrall, F Kolpin, DW AF Worrall, F Kolpin, DW TI Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution-combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquifer vulnerability; pesticides; groundwater; molecular properties ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; WATER-QUALITY ASSESSMENT; ISRAELS SHARON REGION; NEAR-SURFACE AQUIFERS; IN-GROUND WATER; DRASTIC APPROACH; CONTAMINATION; HERBICIDES; MODEL; COEFFICIENTS AB This study uses an extensive survey of herbicides in groundwater across the midwest United States to predict occurrences of a range of compounds across the region from a combination of their molecular properties and the properties of the catchment of a borehole. The study covers 100 boreholes and eight pesticides. For each of the boreholes its catchment the soil, land-use and aquifer properties were characterized. Discriminating boreholes where pollution occurred from those where no pollution occur-red gave a model that was 74% correct with organic carbon content, percentage sand content and depth to the water table being significant properties of the borehole catchment. Molecular topological descriptors as well as K-oc, solubility and half-life were used to characterize each compound included in the study. Inclusion of molecular properties makes it possible to discriminate between occurrence and non-occurrence of each compound in each well. The best-fit model combines: organic carbon content, percentage sand content and depth to the water table with molecular descriptors representing molecular size, molecular branching and functional group composition of the herbicides. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Dept Geol Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. RP Worrall, F (reprint author), Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Dept Geol Sci, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM fred.worrall@durham.ac.uk NR 48 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 25 PY 2004 VL 293 IS 1-4 BP 191 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.01.013 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 827RH UT WOS:000221917600012 ER PT J AU Fulton, PM Saffer, DM Harris, RN Bekins, BA AF Fulton, PM Saffer, DM Harris, RN Bekins, BA TI Re-evaluation of heat flow data near Parkfield, CA: Evidence for a weak San Andreas Fault SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRESS AB Improved interpretations of the strength of the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, CA based on thermal data require quantification of processes causing significant scatter and uncertainty in existing heat flow data. These effects include topographic refraction, heat advection by topographically-driven groundwater flow, and uncertainty in thermal conductivity. Here, we re-evaluate the heat flow data in this area by correcting for full 3-D terrain effects. We then investigate the potential role of groundwater flow in redistributing fault-generated heat, using numerical models of coupled heat and fluid flow for a wide range of hydrologic scenarios. We find that a large degree of the scatter in the data can be accounted for by 3-D terrain effects, and that for plausible groundwater flow scenarios frictional heat generated along a strong fault is unlikely to be redistributed by topographically-driven groundwater flow in a manner consistent with the 3-D corrected data. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fulton, PM (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM pfulton@uwyo.edu OI Fulton, Patrick/0000-0002-6259-2369 NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 24 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 15 AR L15S15 DI 10.1029/2003GL019378 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 839HP UT WOS:000222774900002 ER PT J AU Langbein, J Bock, Y AF Langbein, J Bock, Y TI High-rate real-time GPS network at Parkfield: Utility for detecting fault slip and seismic displacements SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; SERIES AB A network of 13 continuous GPS stations near Parkfield, California has been converted from 30 second to 1 second sampling with positions of the stations estimated in real-time relative to a master station. Most stations are near the trace of the San Andreas fault, which exhibits creep. The noise spectra of the instantaneous 1 Hz positions show flicker noise at high frequencies and change to frequency independence at low frequencies; the change in character occurs between 6 to 8 hours. Our analysis indicates that 1-second sampled GPS can estimate horizontal displacements of order 6 mm at the 99% confidence level from a few seconds to a few hours. High frequency GPS can augment existing measurements in capturing large creep events and postseismic slip that would exceed the range of existing creepmeters, and can detect large seismic displacements. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Cecil H & Ida Green Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Langbein, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM langbein@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 24 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 15 AR L15S20 DI 10.1029/2003GL019408 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 839HP UT WOS:000222774900005 ER PT J AU Williams, CF Grubb, FV Galanis, SP AF Williams, CF Grubb, FV Galanis, SP TI Heat flow in the SAFOD pilot hole and implications for the strength of the San Andreas Fault SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; CAJON-PASS; CALIFORNIA; PARKFIELD; SLIP; FRICTION; ROCKS; ZONE AB Detailed thermal measurements have been acquired in the 2.2-km-deep SAFOD pilot hole, located 1.8 km west of the SAF near Parkfield, California. Heat flow from the basement section of the borehole ( 770 to 2160 m) is 91 mW m(-2), higher than the published 74 mW m(-2) average for the Parkfield area. Within the resolution of the measurements, heat flow is constant across faults that intersect the borehole, suggesting that fluid flow does not alter the conductive thermal regime. Reanalysis of regional heat flow reveals an increase in heat flow along the SAF northwest of Parkfield. This transition corresponds to a shallowing base of seismicity and a change in fault behavior near the northern terminus of the M6 1966 Parkfield earthquake rupture. The persistence of elevated heat flow in the Coast Ranges to the west appears to rule out frictional heating on the SAF as the source of the SAFOD value. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Williams, CF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM colin@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 24 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 15 AR L15S14 DI 10.1029/2003GL019352 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 839HP UT WOS:000222774900001 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, P Holman, RA Beach, RA AF Ruggiero, P Holman, RA Beach, RA TI Wave run-up on a high-energy dissipative beach SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE wave run-up; dissipative beach; swash zone; Oregon; nearshore; infragravity ID NATURAL BEACH; SWASH-ZONE; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SLOPING BEACH; HYDRODYNAMICS; MOTIONS; SLOPES AB Because of highly dissipative conditions and strong alongshore gradients in foreshore beach morphology, wave run-up data collected along the central Oregon coast during February 1996 stand in contrast to run-up data currently available in the literature. During a single data run lasting approximately 90 min, the significant vertical run-up elevation varied by a factor of 2 along the 1.6 km study site, ranging from 26 to 61% of the offshore significant wave height, and was found to be linearly dependent on the local foreshore beach slope that varied by a factor of 5. Run-up motions on this high-energy dissipative beach were dominated by infragravity ( low frequency) energy with peak periods of approximately 230 s. Incident band energy levels were 2.5 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than the low-frequency spectral peaks and typically 96% of the run-up variance was in the infragravity band. A broad region of the run-up spectra exhibited an f(-4) roll off, typical of saturation, extending to frequencies lower than observed in previous studies. The run-up spectra were dependent on beach slope with spectra for steeper foreshore slopes shifted toward higher frequencies than spectra for shallower foreshore slopes. At infragravity frequencies, run-up motions were coherent over alongshore length scales in excess of 1 km, significantly greater than decorrelation length scales on moderate to reflective beaches. C1 US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Consortium Oceanog Res & Educ, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ruggiero, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pruggiero@usgs.gov OI Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 24 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C6 AR C06025 DI 10.1029/2003JC002160 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 839IJ UT WOS:000222777000001 ER PT J AU Gray, ST Graumlich, LJ Betancourt, JL Pederson, GT AF Gray, ST Graumlich, LJ Betancourt, JL Pederson, GT TI A tree-ring based reconstruction of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation since 1567 AD SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURES; PREDICTABILITY; PATTERNS; RAINFALL; OCEAN AB We present a tree-ring based reconstruction of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) which demonstrates that strong, low-frequency (60-100 yr) variability in basin-wide (0-70degreesN) sea surface temperatures (SSTs) has been a consistent feature of North Atlantic climate for the past five centuries. Intervention analysis of reconstructed AMO indicates that 20th century modes were similar to those in the preceding similar to350 yr, and wavelet spectra show robust multidecadal oscillations throughout the reconstruction. Though the exact relationships between low-frequency SST modes, higher frequency (similar to7-25 yr) atmospheric modes (e.g., North Atlantic Oscillation/Arctic Oscillation), and terrestrial climates must still be resolved, our results confirm that the AMO should be considered in assessments of past and future Northern Hemisphere climates. C1 Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Gray, ST (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, 106 AJM Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM sgray@montana.edu RI Graumlich, Lisa/B-6830-2009; Graumlich, Lisa/A-1421-2012 OI Graumlich, Lisa/0000-0003-1239-1873 NR 22 TC 256 Z9 266 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 17 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 12 AR L12205 DI 10.1029/2004GL019932 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 833GN UT WOS:000222325000004 ER PT J AU Pederson, GT Fagre, DB Gray, ST Graumlich, LJ AF Pederson, GT Fagre, DB Gray, ST Graumlich, LJ TI Decadal-scale climate drivers for glacial dynamics in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MASS-BALANCE; VARIABILITY; WASHINGTON; SNOWPACK AB Little Ice Age (14th-19th centuries A. D.) glacial maxima and 20th century retreat have been well documented in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. However, the influence of regional and Pacific Basin driven climate variability on these events is poorly understood. We use tree-ring reconstructions of North Pacific surface temperature anomalies and summer drought as proxies for winter glacial accumulation and summer ablation, respectively, over the past three centuries. These records show that the 1850's glacial maximum was likely produced by similar to70 yrs of cool/wet summers coupled with high snowpack. Post 1850, glacial retreat coincides with an extended period (>50 yr) of summer drought and low snowpack culminating in the exceptional events of 1917 to 1941 when retreat rates for some glaciers exceeded 100 m/yr. This research highlights potential local and ocean-based drivers of glacial dynamics, and difficulties in separating the effects of global climate change from regional expressions of decadal-scale climate variability. C1 Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Pederson, GT (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM gpederson@montana.edu RI Graumlich, Lisa/B-6830-2009; Graumlich, Lisa/A-1421-2012 OI Graumlich, Lisa/0000-0003-1239-1873 NR 20 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 17 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 12 AR L12203 DI 10.1029/2004GL019770 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 833GN UT WOS:000222325000002 ER PT J AU Piper, DZ Perkins, RB AF Piper, DZ Perkins, RB TI A modem vs. Permian black shale - the hydrography, primary productivity, and water-column chemistry of deposition SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phosphoria; cariaco basin; trace elements; primary productivity; redox ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; PERU CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; CARIACO TRENCH; ORGANIC-MATTER; SUBOXIC ZONE; SUSPENDED PARTICLES; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; EARLY DIAGENESIS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA AB The sediment currently accumulating in the Cariaco Basin, on the continental shelf of Venezuela, has an elevated organic-carbon content of approximately 5%; is accumulating under O(2)-depleted bottom-water conditions (SO(4)(2-) reduction); is composed dominantly of foraminiferal calcite, diatomaceous silica, clay, and silt; and is dark greenish gray in color. Upon lithification, it will become a black shale. Recent studies have established the hydrography of the basin and the level of primary productivity and bottom-water redox conditions. These properties are used to model accumulation rates of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, V, and Zn on the seafloor. The model rates agree closely with measured rates for the uppermost surface sediment. The model is applied to the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member of the Phosphoria Formation, a phosphate deposit of Permian age in the northwest United States. It too has all of the requisite properties of a black shale. Although the deposit is a world-class phosphorite, it is composed mostly of phosphatic mudstone and siltstone, chert, limestone, and dolomite. It has organic-carbon concentrations of up to 15%, is strongly enriched in several trace elements above a terrigenous contribution and is black. The trace-element accumulation defines a mean primary productivity in the photic zone of the Phosphoria Basin as moderate, at 500 g m(-2) year(-1) organic carbon, comparable to primary productivity in the Cariaco Basin. The source of nutrient-enriched water that was imported into the Phosphoria Basin, upwelled into the photic zone, and supported primary productivity was an O(2) minimum zone of the open ocean. The depth range over which the water was imported would have been between approximately 100 and 600 m. The mean residence time of bottom water in the basin was approximately 4 years vs. 100 years in the Cariaco Basin. The bottom water was O(2) depleted, but it was denitrifying, or NO(3)(-) reducing, rather than SO(4)(2-). C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Piper, DZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,M-S 902, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dzpiper@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 62 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUN 16 PY 2004 VL 206 IS 3-4 BP 177 EP 197 DI 10.1016/jchemgeo.2003.12.006 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 824BZ UT WOS:000221660300003 ER PT J AU Cruse, AM Lyons, TW AF Cruse, AM Lyons, TW TI Trace metal records of regional paleoenvironmental variability in Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) black shales SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE trace metals; iron; molybdenum; sulfur; hydrothermal ID CONTRASTING DEPOSITIONAL MODELS; DEFICIENT MARINE BIOFACIES; WATER-COLUMN ANOXIA; SULFUR ISOTOPES; ORGANIC-MATTER; CARIACO BASIN; MOLYBDENUM ABUNDANCES; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; APPALACHIAN BASIN; IRON SYSTEMATICS AB Regional geochemical differences within a laterally continuous, cyclic Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) shale in midcontinent North America are interpreted in light of models of glacioeustatic forcing and new views on water-column paleoredox stability and trace-metal behavior in black shale environments. Specifically, we characterize differences in transition metal (Fe, Mn, Mo, V, Ni, Zn, Pb and U) concentrations in black shales of the Hushpuckney Shale Member of the Swope Limestone in Iowa and equivalent black shale beds of the Coffeyville Formation in Oklahoma. Although C-S-Fe systematics and uniform S-34-depleted isotope ratios of pyrite indicate pervasive euxinic deposition (anoxic and sulfidic bottom waters) for these shales, regional variations can be inferred for the efficiency of Mo scavenging and for the rates of siliciclastic sedimentation as expressed in spatially varying Fe/Al ratios. Black shales in Iowa show Mo enrichment roughly five times greater than that observed in coeval euxinic shales in Oklahoma. By contrast, Fe/Al ratios in Oklahoma shales are as much as five times greater than the continental ratio of 0.5 observed in the over- and underlying oxic facies and in the coeval black shales in Iowa. Recent work in modem marine settings has shown that enrichments in Fe commonly result from scavenging in a euxinic water column during syngenctic pyrite formation. In contrast to Fe, the concentrations of other transition metals (Mo, V, Ni Pb, Zn, U) are typically more enriched in the black shales in Iowa relative to Oklahoma. The transition metal trends in these Paleozoic shales are reasonably interpreted in terms of early fixation in organic-rich sediments due to euxinic water-column conditions. However, regional variations in (1) rates of siliciclastic input, (2) organic reservoirs, including relative inputs of terrestrial versus marine organic matter, and (3) additional inputs of metals to bottom waters from contemporaneous hydrothermal vents are additional key controls that lead to geographic variation in the extent of metal enrichments preserved in ancient organic-rich sediments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Cruse, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS977,DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM acruse@usgs.gov; lyonst@missouri.edu NR 104 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUN 16 PY 2004 VL 206 IS 3-4 BP 319 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.010 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 824BZ UT WOS:000221660300009 ER PT J AU Trehu, AM Long, PE Torres, ME Bohrmann, G Rack, FR Collett, TS Goldberg, DS Milkov, AV Riedel, M Schultheiss, P Bangs, NL Barr, SR Borowski, WS Claypool, GE Delwiche, ME Dickens, GR Gracia, E Guerin, G Holland, M Johnson, JE Lee, YJ Liu, CS Su, X Teichert, B Tomaru, H Vanneste, M Watanabe, M Weinberger, JL AF Trehu, AM Long, PE Torres, ME Bohrmann, G Rack, FR Collett, TS Goldberg, DS Milkov, AV Riedel, M Schultheiss, P Bangs, NL Barr, SR Borowski, WS Claypool, GE Delwiche, ME Dickens, GR Gracia, E Guerin, G Holland, M Johnson, JE Lee, YJ Liu, CS Su, X Teichert, B Tomaru, H Vanneste, M Watanabe, M Weinberger, JL TI Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: constraints from ODP Leg 204 SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gas hydrates; Ocean Drilling Program; methane; accretionary margins; marine sediments ID METHANE HYDRATE; BLAKE RIDGE; LATEST PALEOCENE; CASCADIA MARGIN; SEDIMENTS; PROVINCES; DEPOSITS; REGION; OREGON; ORIGIN AB Large uncertainties about the energy resource potential and role in global climate change of gas hydrates result from uncertainty about how much hydrate is contained in marine sediments. During Leg 204 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) to the accretionary complex of the Cascadia subduction zone, we sampled the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) from the seafloor to its base in contrasting geological settings defined by a 3D seismic survey. By integrating results from different methods, including several new techniques developed for Leg 204, we overcome the problem of spatial under-sampling inherent in robust methods traditionally used for estimating the hydrate content of cores and obtain a high-resolution, quantitative estimate of the total amount and spatial variability of gas hydrate in this structural system. We conclude that high gas hydrate content (30-40% of pore space or 20-26% of total volume) is restricted to the upper tens of meters below the seafloor near the summit of the structure, where vigorous fluid venting occurs. Elsewhere, the average gas hydrate content of the sediments in the gas hydrate stability zone is generally < 2% of the pore space, although this estimate may increase by a factor of 2 when patchy zones of locally higher gas hydrate content are included in the calculation. These patchy zones are structurally and stratigraphically controlled, contain up to 20% hydrate in the pore space when averaged over zones similar to 10 m thick, and may occur in up to similar to 20% of the region imaged by 3D seismic data. This heterogeneous gas hydrate distribution is an important constraint on models of gas hydrate formation in marine sediments and the response of the sediments to tectonic and environmental change. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. JOI, Washington, DC 20036 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Borehole Res Grp, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. GEOTEK, Daventry NN11 5RD, Northants, England. Univ Texas, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Geol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Ctr Mediterrani Invest Marines & Ambientals, Unitat Tecnol Marina, Barcelona 08003, Spain. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Petr & Marine Resources Res Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea. Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 106, Taiwan. China Univ Geosci, Ctr Marine Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Bremen, Forschungszentrum Ozeanrander, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tromso, Dept Geol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. Geol Survey Japan, Inst Geosci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Trehu, AM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM trehu@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Bangs, Nathan/A-1584-2009; Dickens, Gerald/G-1222-2011; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Gracia, Eulalia/E-6153-2013; Bohrmann, Gerhard/D-4474-2017; OI Bangs, Nathan/0000-0002-4377-3463; Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Gracia, Eulalia/0000-0001-9311-3108; Bohrmann, Gerhard/0000-0001-9976-4948; Johnson, Joel/0000-0002-5671-7209; Liu, Char-Shine/0000-0003-0357-714X NR 42 TC 153 Z9 166 U1 4 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 222 IS 3-4 BP 845 EP 862 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.035 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 831OB UT WOS:000222202700012 ER PT J AU Abbott, M Einerson, J Schuster, P Susong, D Taylor, HE AF Abbott, M Einerson, J Schuster, P Susong, D Taylor, HE TI Trace elements and common ions in southeastern Idaho snow: regional air pollutant tracers for source area emissions SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Air Quality 3rd Conference on Mercury Trace Elements and Particulate Matter CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Arlington, VA DE trace elements and common ions; snow; air pollutants ID MERCURY AB Snow samples were collected in southeastern Idaho over two winters to assess trace element and common ion concentrations in air pollutant fallout across the region. The objectives were to: (1) develop snow sampling and analysis techniques that produce accurate and ultra-low measurements of a broad suite of fallout elements, (2) identify the spatial and temporal trends of the fallout elements across the region, (3) determine if there are unique combinations of fallout elements that are characteristic to the major source areas in the region (source area profiles), and (4) use pattern recognition and multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis and classical least squares regression) to investigate source area apportionment of fallout concentrations measured at downwind locations where plumes from different source areas might mix. In the winter of 2000-2001, 250 snow samples were collected across the region over a 4-month period and analyzed in triplicate using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) and ion chromatography (IC). Thirty nine trace elements and nine common ions were positively identified in most samples. The data were analyzed using pattern recognition tools in the software, Pirouette((R)) (Infometrix). These results showed a large crustal component (Al, Zn, Mn, Ba, and rare earth elements), an overwhelming contribution from phosphate processing facilities located outside Pocatello in the southern portion of the Eastern Snake River Plain, some changes in concentrations over time, and no obvious source area profiles (unique chemical signatures) other than at Pocatello. Concentrations near a major U.S. Department of Energy industrial complex oil the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) were lower than those observed at major downwind communities. In the winter of 2001-2002, a new sampling design was tested and 135 additional samples collected to estimate pure emission profiles from the major source areas in the region. Classical least squares regression (CLS) was then used to source apportion these profiles at downwind mixing sites where plumes from the different source areas mixed. CLS performed reasonably well, predicting 36-58% of the total fallout concentrations measured at the mixing sites. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Abbott, M (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM bot@inel.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 6-7 BP 657 EP 671 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.11.013 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 815GQ UT WOS:000221031200021 ER PT J AU Izbicki, JA Stamos, CL Nishikawa, T Martin, P AF Izbicki, JA Stamos, CL Nishikawa, T Martin, P TI Comparison of ground-water flow model particle-tracking results and isotopic data in the Mojave River ground-water basin, southern California, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ground water; hydrogeology; isotopes; modeling; arid environments; C-14 ID NUMERICAL FLOW; RECHARGE; MOVEMENT; ARIZONA; DESERT; WATER AB Flow-path and time-of-travel results for the Mojave River ground-water basin, southern California, calculated using the ground-water flow model MODFLOW and particle-tracking model MODPATH were similar to flow path and time-of-travel interpretations derived from delta-deuterium and carbon-14 data. Model and isotopic data both show short flow paths and young ground-water ages throughout the floodplain aquifer along most the Mojave River. Longer flow paths and older ground-water ages as great as 10,000 years before present were measured and simulated in the floodplain aquifer near the Mojave Valley. Model and isotopic data also show movement of water between the floodplain and regional aquifer and subsequent discharge of water from the river to dry lakes in some areas. It was not possible to simulate the isotopic composition of ground-water in the regional aquifer away from the front of the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains-because recharge in these areas does not occur under the present-day climatic conditions used for calibration of the model. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Izbicki, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5735 Kearny Rd,Suite 0, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM jaizbick@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 1-4 BP 30 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.12.034 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 822RB UT WOS:000221556400003 ER PT J AU Walvoord, MA Phillips, FM AF Walvoord, MA Phillips, FM TI Identifying areas of basin-floor recharge in the Trans-Pecos region and the link to vegetation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE vadose-zone hydrology; recharge; vegetation; chloride; water potential; paleohydrology ID WATER-MOVEMENT; DESERT SOILS; NEW-MEXICO; TEXAS; CLIMATE; MAXIMUM; ROOTS AB Comparative water potential and chloride profiles (similar to 10 m deep) collected from four vegetation communities in the Trans-Pecos region of the Chihuahuan Desert were assessed to evaluate the potential for using vegetation patterns as a means of efficiently improving large-scale estimates of basin-floor recharge in semiarid and and regions. Analytical solutions and multiphase flow and transport modeling constrained flux histories and current fluxes across the water table at each site. Chloride bulge profiles containing similar to 12- 15 kyr of atmospheric deposition and long-term drying water potential profiles typified most desertscrub and grassland sites. In contrast, evidence of episodic sub-root zone percolation and chloride profiles containing < 250 yr of atmospheric deposition characterized the woodland site. The results suggested that the desertscrub and grassland areas support small upward fluxes across the water table (nonrecharge), whereas the woodland site supports significant downward fluxes across the water table (recharge). A nonrecharge -recharge transition was identified to be collocated with a grassland- woodland ecotone. The establishment of vegetation - recharge relationships such as this will improve estimates of basin-scale recharge by identifying regions where no recharge is expected and regions where recharge is expected and point measurements should be concentrated. An approach integrating remotely sensed spatial distributions of vegetation and indicator relationships to recharge is both timely and warranted, although several caveats, as revealed in this study, should be noted. For example, the relative importance and distribution of vertical conduits that permit percolation to the water table merits future investigation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Walvoord, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM walvoord@usgs.gov; phillips@nmt.edu NR 44 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 1-4 BP 59 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.12.029 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 822RB UT WOS:000221556400005 ER PT J AU Rowe, CA Thurber, CH White, RA AF Rowe, CA Thurber, CH White, RA TI Dome growth behavior at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, revealed by relocation of volcanic event swarms, 1995-1996 SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE microseismicity; cross-correlation; relocations; cluster analysis; dome extrusion; Soufriere Hills; earthquake families ID LOCAL EARTHQUAKE TOMOGRAPHY; REDOUBT-VOLCANO; HAYWARD FAULT; REAL-TIME; JULY 1995; ERUPTION; CALIFORNIA; ALASKA; MAGNITUDE; EVOLUTION AB We have relocated a subset of events from the digital waveform catalogue of similar to 17,000 volcanic microearthquakes recorded between July 1995 and February 1996 at Soufriere Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat, using a cross-correlation-based phase repicking technique with a joint location method. Hypocenters were estimated for 3914 earthquakes having five or more corrected P-wave picks. The seismic source region collapsed to a volume of similar to 1 km(3) from an initial similar to 100 km(3). Relocated events represent 36 swarms, each containing nearly identical waveforms, having source dimensions of 10 to 100 m in diameter and spatial separations on the order of 500 m or less. Each swarm occurred over a span of several hours to a few days. Triggered data appear to miss between 65% and 98% of the events that occur within these swarms, based on review of helicorder records. Visual estimates of summit dome growth show a rough correspondence between episodes of intense swarming and increases in extruded magma, although dome observations are too sparse to make a direct comparison for this time period. The limited depth range over which dome-growth-related events occur is consistent with a dynamic model of cyclic plug extrusion behavior in the shallow conduit, governed by magma supply rate, overpressure buildup and physical properties of the magma and conduit geometry. Seismic sources may occur in locally overpressured regions that result from microlite formation in a zone of rapid decompression; we propose that this zone exists in the vicinity of a detachment plane associated with the cyclic plug extrusion. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rowe, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-11,MS D-048, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM char@lanl.gov NR 51 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 134 IS 3 BP 199 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.01.008 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 824GE UT WOS:000221673500004 ER PT J AU Gerlach, TM AF Gerlach, TM TI Comment on paper: 'Morphology and compositions of spinel in Pu ' u '(O)over-bar '(o)over-bar lava (1996-1998), Kilauea volcano, Hawaii' - enigmatic discrepancies between lava and gas-based fo(2) determinations of Pu ' u '(O)over-bar '(o)over-bar lava SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE morphology; compositions; lava ID OXYGEN FUGACITY; EQUILIBRIA; OXIDATION; SULFUR C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Gerlach, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Bldg 10,Suite 100,1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM tgerlach@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 134 IS 3 BP 241 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.volgeores.2004.02.004 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 824GE UT WOS:000221673500006 ER PT J AU Roeder, PL Thornber, C Grant, A AF Roeder, PL Thornber, C Grant, A TI Reply to comment on paper: 'Morphology and composition of spinel in Pu ' u ' O ' o lava (1996-1998), Kilauea volcano, Hawaii' - enigmatic discrepancies between lava and gas-based fo(2) determinations of Pu ' u ' O ' o lava SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID FERRIC-FERROUS RATIO; OXYGEN FUGACITY; BASALTIC MAGMAS; OLIVINE; LIQUID; EQUILIBRIA; CRYSTALLIZATION; OXIDATION; MELT C1 Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Roeder, PL (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Miller Hall, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM roeder@geol.queensu.ca NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 134 IS 3 BP 245 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.03.001 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 824GE UT WOS:000221673500007 ER PT J AU Homyack, JA Harrison, DJ Krohn, WB AF Homyack, JA Harrison, DJ Krohn, WB TI Structural differences between precommercially thinned and unthinned conifer stands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE precommercial thinning; forest structure; wildlife habitat; Maine; herbicide ID LODGEPOLE PINE FOREST; SNOWSHOE HARES; NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO; SMALL MAMMALS; RELEASE ALTERNATIVES; HERBICIDE TREATMENTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MANAGED FORESTS; BALSAM FIR; HABITAT AB Effects of precommercial thinning (PCT) in young, high-density forest stands on the growth and yield of crop trees has been well-studied, but information about the response of habitat characteristics and structural attributes that are related to abundance and diversity of wildlife populations is deficient. We examined changes in habitat characteristics and forest structure that occurred with PCT and stand development in commercial spruce-fir stands within the Acadian forest of northern Maine. We selected 30 regenerating, herbicide-treated conifer stands (17 treated with PCT) of three development classes (1, 6, or 11 years post-PCT) and measured 27 variables that described the characteristics and structure of the understory, overstory, woody debris, or ground cover within these stands. The application of PCT accelerated some characteristics of stand development, resulting in a reduction of understory structure and complexity, which conflicts with previous studies of non-herbicide-treated forest that reported increases in understory complexity after thinning. Near-ground cover, overstory cover, and understory structure described >80% of the variation in vegetation structure between thinned and unthinned stands. Horizontal cover, an overstory to understory contrast, and a gradient of herbaceous vegetation described >75% of the variation that occurred as regenerating stands (thinned and unthinned) developed through time. The forest structure in regenerating stands treated with PCT may have negative effects on wildlife that are dependent on the structure of early successional forest, but may positively affect species that use more mature forest. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Homyack, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4000 Airport Pkwy, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. EM jhomyack@hotmail.com NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 14 PY 2004 VL 194 IS 1-3 BP 131 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2003.12.021 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 827TT UT WOS:000221924600011 ER PT J AU Ryce, EKN Zale, AV MacConnell, E AF Ryce, EKN Zale, AV MacConnell, E TI Effects of fish age and development of whirling parasite dose on the disease in rainbow trout SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Myxobolus cerebralis; whirling disease; resistance; age; dose; rainbow trout ID MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY; SALMONIDS; MYXOSPOREA; EMPHASIS; RIVER AB We determined the ages at which juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss became resistant to the effects of whirling disease following exposure to a range of parasite doses. Heretofore, the development and severity of whirling disease in salmonids was known to be generally dependent on the age or size of fish when first exposed to the triactinomyxon spores of Myxobolus cerebralis; larger, older individuals tended to be less diseased. However, no systematic determination had been made of the exact age at which fish become resistant to the development of the disease. We exposed rainbow trout at 9 ages (1 to 17 wk post-hatch) to 4 parasite dose levels (0, 100, 1000 and 10 000 triactinomyxons per fish). Disease severity was measured using mortality, clinical signs, microscopic pathology, and myxospore counts. Disease and mortality were substantially reduced when exposure to the parasite occurred for the first time at 9 wk post-hatch (756 degree-days at 12degreesC) or older. High doses elicited more disease among the younger age groups, but the effect was dampened in groups exposed at about 9 to 11 wk post-hatch and absent thereafter. Rainbow trout reared in M. cerebralis-free waters for 9 wk post-hatch or longer, whether in the wild or in a hatchery situation, should experience greater survival and less disease than fish first exposed to the parasite at younger ages. C1 Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Hlth Lab, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Ryce, EKN (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM eileenryce@yahoo.com NR 28 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUN 11 PY 2004 VL 59 IS 3 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.3354/dao059225 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 846KC UT WOS:000223313400007 PM 15264719 ER PT J AU Leith, W AF Leith, W TI Geology - Building for earthquakes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Leith, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wleith@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 11 PY 2004 VL 304 IS 5677 BP 1604 EP 1604 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 827WL UT WOS:000221934300024 PM 15192204 ER PT J AU Voss, RS Gardner, AL Jansa, SA AF Voss, RS Gardner, AL Jansa, SA TI On the relationships of "Marmosa" formosa shame, 1930 (Marsupialia : Didelphidae), a phylogenetic puzzle from the chaco of Northern Argentina SO AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES LA English DT Article ID MISSING ENTRIES AB The holotype and only known specimen of Marmosa formosa Shamel, a nominal species currently synonymized with Gracilinanus agilis Burmeister, is strikingly unlike any other known didelphid marsupial. Phylogenetic analyses based on nonmolecular characters and IRBP sequences suggest that formosa is either the sister-taxon of Thylamys (including Lestodelphys) or Monodelphis. Because neither alternative is strongly supported by the data at hand, and because including formosa in Thylamys or in Monodelphis would compromise the diagnosability of those taxa, a new genus-Chacodelphys-is proposed to contain it. Currently known only from northern Argentina, Chacodelphys formosa may be widely distributed in the Chaco and other adjacent Neotropical biomes. C1 Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrate Zool Mammal, New York, NY 10024 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuzent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, JF Bell Museum Nat Hist, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Voss, RS (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrate Zool Mammal, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM voss@amnh.org; gardner.alfred@nmnh.si.edu; jansa003@tc.umn.edu NR 29 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY-SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS DISTRIBUTION, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USA SN 0003-0082 EI 1937-352X J9 AM MUS NOVIT JI Am. Mus. Novit. PD JUN 2 PY 2004 IS 3442 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)442<0001:OTROMF>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA 827AJ UT WOS:000221870300001 ER PT J AU Spidle, AP King, TL Letcher, BH AF Spidle, AP King, TL Letcher, BH TI Comparison of genetic diversity in the recently founded Connecticut River Atlantic salmon population to that of its primary donor stock, Maine's Penobscot River SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE salmonidae; demography; restoration; microsatellite; population genetics; breeding ID CONSERVATION GENETICS; PACIFIC SALMON; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; MICROSATELLITE DNA; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; SIZE; SALAR; SUBDIVISION; DISTANCES AB Anadromous Atlantic salmon returning to the Connecticut River (CR) from 1996 to 1999 were assayed for variability at nine microsatellite DNA loci. Heterozygosity and allele frequencies were compared to the anadromous Atlantic salmon returning to Maine's Penobscot River from 1998 to 2000. The Penobscot River was the primary source of the salmon used to found the previously extirpated Population in the Connecticut River. While there were no significant differences in heterozygosity between the source population and the Connecticut River sea-run spawners, microsatellite allele frequencies were significantly different between the populations. Two techniques of estimating effective population size (N-c) suggested a healthy level of genetic variation in the Connecticut River population of anadromous Atlantic salmon. This is significant because the sea-run population is maintained almost entirely through hatchery production. Healthy ratios of N-c to N indicate that hatchery production has not resulted in excessive inbreeding to date. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USGS BRD, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Johnson Controls, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), USGS BRD, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tim_king@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN PY 2004 VL 236 IS 1-4 BP 253 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.017 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 828BC UT WOS:000221946500020 ER PT J AU Meinertz, JR Stehly, GR Greseth, SL Gaikowski, MP Gingerich, WH AF Meinertz, JR Stehly, GR Greseth, SL Gaikowski, MP Gingerich, WH TI Depletion of the chloramine-T marker residue, para-toluenesulfonamide, from skin-on fillet tissue of hybrid striped bass, rainbow trout, and yellow perch SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE chloramine-T; p-TSA; marker residue; depletion; fish fillet tissue ID BACTERIAL GILL DISEASE; FISH; SALMONIDS; SAMPLES AB Waterbome exposure to n-sodium-n-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide (chloramine-T) is an effective treatment for controlling fish mortalities caused by bacterial gill disease (BGD). Currently, data are being generated to gain United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the use of chloramine-T in aquaculture. As part of the data required for an approval, depletion of the chloramine-T marker residue (para-toluenesulfonamide [p-TSA]) from the edible fillet tissue of exposed fish must be determined. Hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x Morone chrysops; mean weight 357 g), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; mean weight 457 g), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens; mean weight 144 g) were exposed to 20 mg/l of chloramine-T for 60 min on 4 consecutive days (the most aggressive treatment expected for approved use in the United States). Groups of fish (n = 15 or 19) were sampled immediately after the last treatment and periodically through 48 or 168 h after the treatment phase. Duplicate subsamples of skin-on fillet tissue from each fish were analyzed for p-TSA. Mean p-TSA concentrations in fillet tissue from fish sampled immediately after the last treatment were 142 ng/g (hybrid striped bass), 97 ng/g (rainbow trout), and 150 ng/g (yellow perch). Mean p-TSA concentrations at terminal sample times were 94 (168 h; hybrid striped bass), 74 (48 h; rainbow trout), and 35 ng/g (168 h; yellow perch). The half-lives of p-TSA in fillet tissue from fish near or at market size were 11.4 (hybrid striped bass), 4.3 (rainbow trout), and 3.2 days (yellow perch). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, UMESC, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Meinertz, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, UMESC, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jeffery_meinertz@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 235 IS 1-4 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00448-4 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 822NS UT WOS:000221547500006 ER PT J AU Fischer, JB Larned, WW AF Fischer, JB Larned, WW TI Summer distribution of marine birds in the Western Beaufort Sea SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE aerial surveys; Alaska; Beaufort Sea; distribution; eiders; Somateria spp.; ice; long-tailed duck; Clangula hyemalis; marine birds; oil; sea ducks ID WATERBIRD MIGRATION; SPECTACLED EIDERS; COMMON EIDERS; ALASKAN COAST; ICE; POLYNYAS; PACIFIC; POINT; LOONS; YUKON AB Proposed expansion of oil and gas development into offshore waters of the Beaufort Sea has raised concerns that marine birds could be affected by disturbance and oil spills. We conducted aerial surveys to determine the composition and distribution of avian species in the western Beaufort Sea. We sampled marine waters up to 100 km from shore, between Cape Halkett and Brownlow Point in June, July, and August of 1999 and 2000 and between Point Barrow and Demarcation Point in July 2001. Approximately 90% of the birds we observed were sea ducks, predominantly long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyematis), king eiders (Somateria spectabilis), and scoters (Melanitta spp.). Densities of most species decreased with distance from shore, although king eider densities were higher in deeper, offshore waters. Densities of long-tailed ducks increased in nearshore coastal lagoons at the onset of post-breeding moult, and densities of eiders increased offshore during their peak moult migration. In general, bird densities were highest in areas with less than 30% ice cover, although high densities of king eiders occurred in areas with 30%-60% ice cover. Our results suggest species-specific uses of the Beaufort Sea in summer for moulting, migration, brood rearing, and foraging. The vulnerability of marine birds to potential oil spills and disturbance will depend on the location of facilities, timing of events, and ice conditions. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. RP Fischer, JB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM Julian_Fischer@fws.gov NR 48 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD JUN PY 2004 VL 57 IS 2 BP 143 EP 159 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 834PY UT WOS:000222424200004 ER PT J AU Smith, TS Johnson, BA AF Smith, TS Johnson, BA TI Modeling the effects of human activity on Katmai Brown bears (Ursus arctos) through the use of survival analysis SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Alaska; bear-human conflict; brown bear; Ursus arctos; Katmai National Park; proportional hazards regression; survival analysis ID SALMON STREAM AB Brown bear-human interactions were observed in 1993,1995, and 1997 at Kulik River in Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska. We analyzed these interactions using survival analysis, creating survival curves for the time that bears remained on the river in the presence, and absence, of human activity. Bear-only survival curves did not vary significantly between years (p = 0.067). Ninety-seven percent of bears left the river within 70 minutes of arrival in all years. Temporal patterns of bear activity were unaffected by the presence of humans as long as the bears did not share river zones with humans (p = 0.062 top = 0.360). When people and bears did not share river zones, 38.6% (1993), 36.0% (1995), and 37.0% (1997) of bears remained on the river for at least 10 minutes after arrival. In contrast, when people and bears shared river zones, fewer bears remained on the river after the first 10 minutes, with 28.6% (1993), 25.0% (1995), and 32.6% (1997) observed in each year. We conclude that human activity displaced 26.0% (1993),30.5% (1995), and 12.0% (1997) of the bears using the river, which otherwise would likely have remained longer. Over the three years of study, habituation to human activity may account for observed changes in bears' use of the river. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Argile Consulting, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Smith, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM tom_smith@usgs.gov; a.johnson@argileconsulting.com NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD JUN PY 2004 VL 57 IS 2 BP 160 EP 165 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 834PY UT WOS:000222424200005 ER PT J AU Quakenbush, L Suydam, R Obritschkewitsch, T Deering, M AF Quakenbush, L Suydam, R Obritschkewitsch, T Deering, M TI Breeding biology of Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) near Barrow, Alaska, 1991-99 SO ARCTIC LA English DT Review DE Alaska; Steller's eider; Polysticta stelleri; nesting success; habitat selection; nesting associations; periodic nonbreeding ID GEESE BRANTA-BERNICLA; FOXES ALOPEX-LAGOPUS; ARCTIC FOX; NEST SUCCESS; SOMATERIA-SPECTABILIS; TAIMYR PENINSULA; WADERS CHARADRII; BEAUFORT SEA; FOOD-HABITS; SNOW GEESE AB The breeding biology of Steller's Ciders (Polysticta stelleri) near Barrow, Alaska, was studied from 1991 to 1999. The number of nests found per year ranged from 0 to 78. Mean clutch size was 5.4 (SD = 1.6, n = 5 1), incubation period was 24 days, and Mayfield nest success ranged from 0 to 35%. Egg survival was 24% overall (n = 45 1). Most nests were found on the rims of low-centered polygons near ponds with emergent vegetation. Marked broods remained within 700 rn of their nest sites, and duckling survival was low. Steller's ciders nested in five of the nine years studied, corresponding with years of high lemming density and nesting pomarin jaegers (Stercorarius pomarinus) and snowy owls (Bubo scandiacus). Steller's eiders may choose to nest only in years with abundant lemmings for two reasons: first, abundant lemmings provide an alternative prey source for foxes and other predators of ciders; second, jaegers and owls defending their own nests may inadvertently provide protection to ciders nesting nearby. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. ABR Inc, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Quakenbush, L (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Fairbanks, 101-12th Ave,Box 19, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM lori_quakenbush@fishgame.state.ak.us NR 121 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD JUN PY 2004 VL 57 IS 2 BP 166 EP 182 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 834PY UT WOS:000222424200006 ER PT J AU Romain-Bondi, KA Wielgus, RB Waits, L Kasworm, WF Austin, M Wakkinen, W AF Romain-Bondi, KA Wielgus, RB Waits, L Kasworm, WF Austin, M Wakkinen, W TI Density and population size estimates for North Cascade grizzly bears using DNA hair-sampling techniques SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE grizzly bear; DNA hair-sampling; catch per unit effort; small population; North Cascade Ecosystem ID URSUS-ARCTOS; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; ANIMAL POPULATIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BROWN BEARS; BLACK; MONTANA; CAPTURE; PCR AB We used non-invasive DNA hair-sampling and catch per unit effort (CPUE: grizzly bears detected per 1000 trap nights) to estimate relative density and population size for a threatened grizzly bear population in the North Cascade Ecosystem of Washington and British Columbia. We used linear, logistic, and linear through the origin regression analyses to estimate the relationship between catch per unit effort and grizzly bear density for seven other grizzly populations. One grizzly bear was detected during 5304 trap nights (CPUE = 0.19) over 3 years in the North Cascades. This CPUE was much lower than in the other seven populations, including two threatened grizzly populations in the Cabinet-Yaak and Selkirk Mountain Ecosystems. The logistic model (curvilinear relationship) best fit the data (R-2=0.927), and yielded density and population size estimates of 0.15 bears/100 km(2) (90% CI = 0.03-0.71) and six bears (90% CI = 1-27), respectively. Natural recovery seems unlikely for the North Cascade grizzly bear population because the population has a high likelihood of extinction due to demographic and environmental stochastic effects associated with extremely small population numbers. We recommend population augmentation. DNA hair-sampling and catch per unit effort models can be a useful method to evaluate relative densities and numbers of animals in small, threatened grizzly bear populations when sample sizes are too small to yield traditional mark recapture analysis. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Libby, MT 59923 USA. BC Minist Water Land & Air Protect, Victoria, BC V8W9M4, Canada. Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Bonners Ferry, ID 83805 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Large Carnivore Conservat Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Romain-Bondi, KA (reprint author), 33 View Rd, Twisp, WA 98856 USA. EM romain_ka@hotmail.com NR 63 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 117 IS 4 BP 417 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2003.07.005 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 812BI UT WOS:000220814600005 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP O'Connor, DV AF Madenjian, CP O'Connor, DV TI Trophic transfer efficiency of DDT to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from their prey SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; RESIDUES; MICHIGAN C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1219 EP 1225 DI 10.1007/s00128-004-0373-5 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 823XD UT WOS:000221646500019 PM 15362452 ER PT J AU Andrews, DJ AF Andrews, DJ TI Rupture models with dynamically determined breakdown displacement SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FAULT RUPTURE; EARTHQUAKE; SIMULATION; PROPAGATION; VELOCITY; STRESS AB The critical breakdown displacement, D-c in which friction drops to its sliding value, can be made dependent on event size by specifying friction to be a function of variables other than slip. Two such friction laws are examined here. The first is designed to achieve accuracy and smoothness in discrete numerical calculations. Consistent resolution throughout an evolving rupture is achieved by specifying friction as a function of elapsed time after peak stress is reached. Such a time-weakening model produces D-c and fracture energy proportional to the square root of distance rupture has propagated in the case of uniform stress drop. The second friction law is more physically motivated. Energy loss in a damage zone outside the slip zone has the effect of increasing D-c and limiting peak slip velocity (Andrews, 1976). This article demonstrates a converse effect, that artificially limiting slip velocity on a fault in an elastic medium has a toughening effect, increasing fracture energy and D-c proportionally to rupture propagation distance in the case of uniform stress drop. Both the time-weakening and the velocity-toughening models can be used in calculations with heterogeneous stress drop. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Andrews, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jandrews@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 3 BP 769 EP 775 DI 10.1785/0120030142 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 834NM UT WOS:000222417800001 ER PT J AU Booth, DB Wells, RE Givler, RW AF Booth, DB Wells, RE Givler, RW TI Chimney damage in the greater Seattle area from the nisqually earthquake of 28 February 2001 SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PUGET-SOUND; WASHINGTON; FAULT; CALIFORNIA; LOWLAND; HAZARDS; BASIN AB Unreinforced brick chimneys in the greater Seattle area were damaged repeatedly in the Benioff zone earthquakes of 1949, 1965, and 2001. A survey of visible chimney damage after the 28 February 2001 Nisqually earthquake evaluated approximately 60,000 chimneys through block-by-block coverage of about 50 km(2), identifying a total of 1556 damaged chimneys. Chimney damage was strongly clustered in certain areas, in particular in the neighborhood of West Seattle where prior damage was also noted and evaluated after the 1965 earthquake. Our results showed that damage produced by the 2001 earthquake did not obviously correspond to distance from the earthquake epicenter, soft soils, topography, or slope orientation. Chimney damage correlates well to instrumented strong-motion measurements and compiled resident-reported ground-shaking intensities, but it offers much finer spatial resolution than these other data sources. In general, most areas of greatest Chimney damage coincide with best estimated locations of strands of the Seattle fault zone. The edge of that zone also coincides with areas where chimney damage dropped abruptly over only one or two blocks' distance. The association between shaking intensity and fault-zone structure suggests that abrupt changes in the depth to bedrock, edge effects at the margin of the Seattle basin, or localized trapping of seismic waves in the Seattle fault zone may be significant contributory factors in the distribution of chimney damage. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle Area Geol Mapping Project, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Univ Washington, Seattle Area Geol Mapping Project, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Booth, Derek/B-6379-2014 OI Booth, Derek/0000-0002-5242-4089 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 3 BP 1143 EP 1158 DI 10.1785/0120030102 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 834NM UT WOS:000222417800027 ER PT J AU Bufe, CG AF Bufe, CG TI Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN PLATE; SOUTHERN ALASKA; DEFORMATION; PREDICTION; SEISMICITY; REGION; FAULT AB Major strike-slip earthquakes recently occurred in Alaska on the central Denali fault (M 7.9) on 3 November 2002, and in Tibet on the central Kunlun fault (M 7.8) on 14 November 2001. Both earthquakes generated large surface waves with M-S [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)] of 8.5 (Denali) and 8.0 (Kunlun). Each event occurred on an east-west-trending strike-slip fault situated near the northern boundary of an intense deformation zone that is characterized by lateral extrusion and rotation of crustal blocks. Each earthquake produced east-directed nearly unilateral ruptures that propagated 300 to 400 km. Maximum lateral surface offsets and maximum moment release occurred well beyond 100 km from the rupture initiation, with the events exhibiting by far the largest separations of USGS hypocenter and Harvard Moment Tensor Centroid (CMT) for strike-slip earthquakes in the 27-year CMT catalog. In each sequence, the largest aftershock was more than two orders of magnitude smaller than the mainshock. Regional moment release had been accelerating prior to the main shocks. The close proximity in space and time of the 1964 Prince William Sound and 2002 Denali earthquakes, relative to their rupture lengths and estimated return times, suggests that these events may be part of a recurrent cluster in the vicinity of a complex plate boundary. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Bufe, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM cbufe@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 3 BP 1159 EP 1165 DI 10.1785/0120030185 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 834NM UT WOS:000222417800028 ER PT J AU Gerstenberg, G Rey, CD AF Gerstenberg, G Rey, CD TI Record of nesting by fulvous whistling-ducks, Southern San Joaquin Valley, California SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Calif Dept Fish & Game, Los Banos, CA 93635 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kern Natl Wildlife Refuge, Delano, CA 93216 USA. RP Gerstenberg, G (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, 1551 Greenwood Way, Los Banos, CA 93635 USA. EM ggerstenberg@dfg.ca.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SUM PY 2004 VL 90 IS 3 BP 155 EP 156 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 839FQ UT WOS:000222769300005 ER PT J AU Albanese, B Angermeier, PL Dorai-Raj, S AF Albanese, B Angermeier, PL Dorai-Raj, S TI Ecological correlates of fish movement in a network of Virginia streams SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; HABITAT QUALITY; BROOK TROUT; PATTERNS; CONSERVATION; RIVER; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; DISTURBANCE AB Identifying factors that influence fish movement is a key step in predicting how populations respond to environmental change. Using mark-recapture (four species) and trap capture (eight species) data, we examined relationships between three attributes of movement and 15 ecological variables. The probability of emigrating from a reach was positively related to intermittency (one species) and body size (one species) and negatively related to distance from the mainstem creek (two species) and habitat complexity (one species). The number of fish moving upstream through traps was positively related to increases in flow (five species), day length (three species), and water temperature (two species); the number moving through downstream traps was positively associated with increases in flow (three species). Distance moved was greater for fish moving through unsuitable reaches (one species). Floods have a pervasive effect on fish movement, and human activities that affect flows will have widespread implications. The importance of other factors varies interspecifically, which may translate into variation in persistence and colonization rates. For example, species that exhibit reach fidelity in complex habitats may increase movement if habitats are homogenized. These species may suffer population declines because of the cost of increased movement and may ultimately be replaced by ecological generalists. C1 Georgia Nat Heritage Program, Social Circle, GA 30025 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Albanese, B (reprint author), Georgia Nat Heritage Program, 2117 US Highway 278 SE, Social Circle, GA 30025 USA. EM brett_albanese@dnr.state.ga.us NR 65 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 32 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 61 IS 6 BP 857 EP 869 DI 10.1139/F04-096 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 843PJ UT WOS:000223096000001 ER PT J AU Wall, SS Berry, CR Blausey, CM Jenks, JA Kopplin, CJ AF Wall, SS Berry, CR Blausey, CM Jenks, JA Kopplin, CJ TI Fish-habitat modeling for gap analysis to conserve the endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; WISCONSIN STREAMS; MULTIPLE SCALES; UNITED-STATES; PATTERNS; SYSTEM; GIS; ASSEMBLAGES; VARIABILITY; PREDICTIONS AB Decision support tools that predict fish distribution over broad spatial scales are needed to assist in planning watershed management and endangered species recovery. We developed a geographical information system model with multivariate logistic regression to rank valley segments for probable occurrence of the endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) using stream condition variables (stream size, groundwater potential, channel slope, streamflow, network position) and land-cover variables (percent pasture, percent trees) in streams characteristic of the North American Great Plains. The stream condition and land-cover models correctly classified 89% and 68% of outcomes (i.e., presence or absence), respectively. Field tests of maps of predicted species distribution resulted in more species occurrences than expected in valley segments classified as high potential for presence and less than expected in low-potential valley segments. Gaps between high-priority segments and protected land parcels were found in all basins. In 37 basins with Topeka shiners, protected land coverage was <1% in 17 basins, 1-5% in 10 basins, and 5-21.8% in 10 basins. Conservation activities in gaps are long-term conservation measures, but maps of predicted species distribution have many immediate applications. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey BRD, S Dakota Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Wall, SS (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM steven_wall@sdstate.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009 NR 93 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 14 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 61 IS 6 BP 954 EP 973 DI 10.1139/F04-017 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 843PJ UT WOS:000223096000009 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, P Schwartz, M AF van Mantgem, P Schwartz, M TI An experimental demonstration of stem damage as a predictor of fire-caused mortality for ponderosa pine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PRESCRIBED-FIRE; DOUGLAS-FIR; TREE MORTALITY; POSTFIRE SURVIVAL; SIERRA-NEVADA; FORESTS; CROWN; RESTORATION; CALIFORNIA; RESISTANCE AB We subjected 159 small ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) to treatments designed to test the relative importance of stem damage as a predictor of postfire mortality. The treatments consisted of a group with the basal bark artificially thinned, a second group with fuels removed from the base of the stem, and an untreated control. Following prescribed burning, crown scorch severity was equivalent among the groups. Postfire mortality was significantly less frequent in the fuels removal group than in the bark removal and control groups. No model of mortality for the fuels removal group was possible, because dead trees constituted <4% of subject trees. Mortality in the bark removal group was best predicted by crown scorch and stem scorch severity, whereas death in the control group was predicted by crown scorch severity and bark thickness. The relative lack of mortality in the fuels removal group and the increased sensitivity to stem damage in the bark removal group suggest that stem damage is a critical determinant of postfire mortality for small ponderosa pine. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP van Mantgem, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, HCR 89 Box 4, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov RI Schwartz, Mark/G-1066-2011 OI Schwartz, Mark/0000-0002-3739-6542 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1343 EP 1347 DI 10.1139/X04-001 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 832KK UT WOS:000222266200017 ER PT J AU Cooper, MA Hawthorne, FC Roberts, AC Foord, EE Erd, RC Evans, HT Jensen, MC AF Cooper, MA Hawthorne, FC Roberts, AC Foord, EE Erd, RC Evans, HT Jensen, MC TI Nevadaite, (Cu2+, rectangle, Al, V3+)(6) [Al-8 (PO4)(8) F-8] (OH)(2) (H2O)(22), a new phosphate mineral species from the Gold Quarry mine, Carlin, Eureka County, Nevada: Description and crystal structure SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE nevadaite; new mineral species; phosphate; Gold Quarry mine; Nevada; crystal structure; [M phi(5)] chains; geometrical isomerism ID BUTLERITE; CHEMISTRY; JAHNSITE AB Nevadaite, (Cu2+, square, Al, V3+)(6) (PO4)(8) F-8 (OH)(2) (H2O)(22), is a new supergene mineral species from the Gold Quarry mine, near Carlin, Eureka County, Nevada, U.S.A. Nevadaite forms radiating clusters to 1 mm of prismatic crystals, locally covering surfaces more that 2 cm across; individual crystals are elongate on [001] with a length:width ratio of >10:1 and a maximum diameter of similar to30 mu.m. It also occurs as spherules and druses associated with colorless to purple-black fluellite, colorless wavellite, strengite-variscite, acicular maroon-to-red hewettite, and rare anatase, kazakhstanite, tinticite, leucophosphite, torbernite and tyuyamunite. Nevadaite is pale green to turquoise blue with a pale powder-blue streak and a vitreous luster; it does not fluoresce under ultraviolet light. It has no cleavage, a Mohs hardness of similar to3, is brittle with a conchoidal fracture, and has measured and calculated densities of 2.54 and 2.55 g/cm(3), respectively. Nevadaite is biaxial negative, with alpha 1.540, beta 1.548, gamma 1.553, 2V(obs.) = 76, 2V(calc.) = 76degrees pleochroic with X pale greenish blue, Y very pale greenish blue, Z blue, and with absorption Z much greater than X > Y and orientation X = c, Y = a, Z = b. Nevadaite is orthorhombic, space group P2(1)mn, a 12.123(2), b 18.999(2), c 4.961(1) Angstrom, V 1142.8(2) Angstrom(3), Z = 1, a:b:c = 0.6391:1:0.2611. The strongest seven lines in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in Angstrom(I)(hkl)] are: 6.077(10)(200), 5.618(9)(130), 9.535(8)(020), 2.983(6)(241), 3.430(4)(041), 2.661(4)(061), and 1.844(4)(352). A chemical analysis with an electron microprobe gave P2O5 32.54, A1(2)O(3) 27.07, V2O3 4.24, Fe2O3 0.07, CuO 9.24, Zn0 0.11, F 9.22, H2O (calc.) 23.48, OH = F -3.88, sum 102.09 wt.%; the valence states of V and Fe, and the amount of H2O, were determined by crystal-structure analysis. The resulting empirical formula on the basis of 63.65 anions (including 21.65 H2O pfu) is (Cu-2.00(2+) Zn0.02V0.983+ Fe-0.01(3+) Al-1.15)(Sigma4.16) Al-8 P-7.90 O-32 [F-8.37 (OH)(1.63)](Sigma10) (H2O)(21.65). The crystal structure 6f nevadaite was solved by direct methods and refined to an R index of 4.0% based on 1307 observed reflections collected on a four-circle diffractometer with MoKalpha X-radiation. The structure consists of ordered layers of vertex-sharing octahedra and tetrahedra alternating with layers of disordered vertex-sharing and face-sharing octahedra in the b direction, [A1phi(5)] chains of octahedra are decorated by. (PO4) tetrahedra that share vertices with octahedra adjacent in the chain. These chains link in the c direction by sharing-vertices between octahedra and tetrahedra to form an ordered layer of the form [Al-8(PO4)(8)F-8(H2O)(8) ]. In the disordered layer, octahedra containing positionally disordered Cu2+ V3+, Al and square (vacancy) share trans faces to form columns that link by sharing octahedron vertices to form ribbons extending in the c direction; the resulting layer has the form {(Cu(2)(2+)square(2)V(3+),Al)(Sigma6) (H2O)(12) (OH)3 days less to hatch than those laid first. These data suggest that sounds produced by brood mates and/or female incubation patterns are not the principal mechanisms for hatching synchrony. Both genetic and host mothers influenced overall developmental time, indicating that genetic-maternal effects and incubation behaviour and nest environment also influenced developmental time. 5. Embryonic metabolic rate was negatively correlated with number of days before hatch, but there was not a positive relationship between PILS and metabolic rate. Our findings show that embryonic metabolic rate may affect development more than vocalizations between brood members in synchronizing hatch. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK USA. RP Nicolai, CA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89509 USA. EM nicolai@unr.nevada.edu NR 59 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 BP 475 EP 482 DI 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00860.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 820WW UT WOS:000221421400023 ER PT J AU Thorstenson, DC Parkhurst, DL AF Thorstenson, DC Parkhurst, DL TI Calculation of individual isotope equilibrium constants for geochemical reactions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER EQUILIBRATION; AQUEOUS SALT-SOLUTIONS; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; CARBON DIOXIDE; OXYGEN; FRACTIONATION; 100-DEGREES-C; EVOLUTION; SULFUR AB Theory is derived from the work of Urey (Urey H. C. [1947] The thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances. J. Chem. Soc. 562-581) to calculate equilibrium constants commonly used in geochemical equilibrium and reaction-transport models for reactions of individual isotopic species. Urey showed that equilibrium constants of isotope exchange reactions for molecules that contain two or more atoms of the same element in equivalent positions are related to isotope fractionation factors by alpha = (K-ex)(1/n), where n is the number of atoms exchanged. This relation is extended to include species containing multiple isotopes, for example (COO)-C-13-O-16-O-18 and (HHO)-H-1-H-2-O-18. The equilibrium constants of the isotope exchange reactions can be expressed as ratios of individual isotope equilibrium constants for geochemical reactions. Knowledge of the equilibrium constant for the dominant isotopic species can then be used to calculate the individual isotope equilibrium constants. Individual isotope equilibrium constants are calculated for the reaction CO2g = CO2aq for all species that can be formed from C-12, C-13, O-16, and O-18; for the reaction between (ClO2aq)-Cl-12-O-18 and (H2O1)-H-1-O-18; and among the various H-1, H-2, O-16, and O-18 species of H2O. This is a subset of a larger number of equilibrium constants calculated elsewhere (Thorstenson D. C. and Parkhurst D. L. [2002] Calculation of individual isotope equilibrium constants for implementation in geochemical models. Water-Resources Investigation Report 02-4172. U.S. Geological Survey). Activity coefficients, activity-concentration conventions for the isotopic variants of H2O in the solvent H-1(2) O-16(1), and salt effects on isotope fractionation have been included in the derivations. The effects of nonideality are small because of the chemical similarity of different isotopic species of the same molecule or ion. The temperature dependence of the individual isotope equilibrium constants can be calculated from the temperature dependence of the fractionation factors. The derivations can be extended to calculation of individual isotope equilibrium constants for ion pairs and equilibrium constants for isotopic species of other chemical elements. The individual isotope approach calculates the same phase isotopic compositions as existing methods, but also provides concentrations of individual species, which are needed in calculations of mass-dependent effects in transport processes. The equilibrium constants derived in this paper are used to calculate the example of gas-water equilibrium for CO2 in an acidic aqueous solution. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Parkhurst, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 413, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dlpark@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 BP 2449 EP 2465 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 823UG UT WOS:000221638200004 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Webb, SM Fuller, CC Tebo, BM AF Bargar, JR Webb, SM Fuller, CC Tebo, BM TI Structural chemistry and formation mechanisms of bacteriogenic manganese oxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM bargar@ssri.slac.stanford.edu; samwebb@slac.stanford.edu; ccfuller@usgs.gov; btebo@ucsd.edu RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A157 EP A157 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400250 ER PT J AU Belkin, HE De Vivo, B AF Belkin, HE De Vivo, B TI Compositional variation of epidote in the Campi Flegrei geothermal field, Naples, Italy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Univ Naples, Dipartimento Geofis & Vulcanol, I-80134 Naples, Italy. EM hbelkin@usgs.gov; bdevivo@unina.it NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A268 EP A268 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400447 ER PT J AU Fantle, MS Bullen, TD DePaolo, D AF Fantle, MS Bullen, TD DePaolo, D TI Fe isotopic composition of rivers SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen ID FRACTIONATION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Branch Reg Res, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mfantle@eps.berkeley.edu; tdbullen@usgs.gov; depaolo@eps.berkeley.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A433 EP A433 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400753 ER PT J AU Hill, RJ Jarvie, DM Pollastro, RM Bowker, KA Claxton, BL AF Hill, RJ Jarvie, DM Pollastro, RM Bowker, KA Claxton, BL TI Geochemistry of an unconventional gas prospect: The Barnett Shale gas model SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Humble Geochem Serv, Humble, TX USA. Star Texas Energy, The Woodlands, TX USA. EM ronhill@usgs.gov; danjarvie@humble-inc.com; kb@staroftexasenergy.com NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A231 EP A231 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400381 ER PT J AU Isenbeck-Schroter, M Hohn, R Davis, J Kent, D Scholz, C Maier, M Jakobsen, R AF Isenbeck-Schroter, M Hohn, R Davis, J Kent, D Scholz, C Maier, M Jakobsen, R TI Reduction of As(V) in the aquifer - a tracer test at the Cape Cod Site SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Inst Environm Geochem, Heidelberg, Germany. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Danish Tech Univ, Lyngby, Denmark. EM mischroe@ugc.uni-heidelberg.de RI Jakobsen, Rasmus/D-7585-2013 OI Jakobsen, Rasmus/0000-0003-1882-2961 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A455 EP A455 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400792 ER PT J AU Lemke, KH Rosenbauer, RJ Bird, DK AF Lemke, KH Rosenbauer, RJ Bird, DK TI Peptide synthesis in simulated deep sea hydrothermal environments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Mineral & Petrog, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A798 EP A798 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923401436 ER PT J AU Nordstrom, DK AF Nordstrom, DK TI All acid waters are not equal: Biological differences between Yellowstone's acid waters and acid mine waters SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dkn@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A264 EP A264 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400439 ER PT J AU Nordstrom, DK McCleskey, RB Ball, JW AF Nordstrom, DK McCleskey, RB Ball, JW TI Processes governing arsenic geochemistry in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dkn@usgs.gov; rbmccles@usgs.gov; jwball@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A262 EP A262 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400434 ER PT J AU Pett-Ridge, JC Kurtz, AC Derry, LA Troester, J AF Pett-Ridge, JC Kurtz, AC Derry, LA Troester, J TI A Ge/Si, U-234/U-238, and Sr-87/Sr-86 investigation of weathering reactions and flowpaths in a tropical granitoid watershed SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. US Geol Survey, Guaynabo, PR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A446 EP A446 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400778 ER PT J AU Robbins, EI Harthill, M AF Robbins, EI Harthill, M TI Biological geochemistry in the Lake Superior copper province SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM nrobbins@geology.sdsu.edu; michalann_harthill@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A528 EP A528 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400931 ER PT J AU van de Flierdt, T Frank, M Halliday, AN Hattendorf, B Gunther, D Kubik, PW Hein, JR AF van de Flierdt, T Frank, M Halliday, AN Hattendorf, B Gunther, D Kubik, PW Hein, JR TI Tracing the history of submarine hydrothermal inputs using Pb isotopes from ferromanganese crusts SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Isotope Geol & Mineral Resources, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inorgan Chem Lab, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Particle Phys, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tina@ldeo.columbia.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A261 EP A261 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400433 ER PT J AU White, AF Schulz, MS Vivit, DV Bullen, TE Blum, AE AF White, AF Schulz, MS Vivit, DV Bullen, TE Blum, AE TI Initial results describing the scales of contempory and geologic weathering on marine terraces, Santa Cruz, California, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. EM afwhite@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A415 EP A415 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400716 ER PT J AU Zhu, C Blum, AE Veblen, DR AF Zhu, C Blum, AE Veblen, DR TI A new hypothesis for the slow feldspar dissolution in groundwater aquifers SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. USGS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM chenzhu@indiana.edu; aeblum@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A148 EP A148 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400235 ER PT J AU Kelsey, HM Sherrod, B Johnson, SY Dadisman, SV AF Kelsey, HM Sherrod, B Johnson, SY Dadisman, SV TI Land-level changes from a late Holocene earthquake in the northern Puget Lowland, Washington SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE paleoseismology; relative sea level; blind faults; seismic reflection; Puget Sound ID SEATTLE FAULT; HAZARDS; ISLAND; SOUND AB An earthquake, probably generated on the southern Whidbey Island fault zone, caused 1-2 m of ground-surface uplift on central Whidbey Island similar to2800-3200 yr ago. The cause of the uplift is a fold that grew coseismically above a blind fault that was the earthquake source. Both the fault and the fold at the fault's tip are imaged on multichannel seismic refection profiles in Puget Sound immediately east of the central Whidbey Island site. Uplift is documented through contrasting histories of relative sea level at two coastal marshes on either side of the fault. Late Holocene shallow-crustal earthquakes of M-w = 6.5-7 pose substantial seismic hazard to the northern Puget Lowland. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Kelsey, HM (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 6 BP 469 EP 472 DI 10.1130/g20361.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 826SS UT WOS:000221849500002 ER PT J AU Brennan, ST Lowenstein, TK Horita, J AF Brennan, ST Lowenstein, TK Horita, J TI Seawater chemistry and the advent of biocalcification SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seawater; evaporites; fluid inclusions; biomineralization; Cambrian explosion ID SECULAR VARIATION; FLUID INCLUSIONS; MARINE; CALCIFICATION; OSCILLATIONS; EVAPORITES; MAGNESIUM; STRONTIUM; EVOLUTION; CALCIUM AB Major ion compositions of primary fluid inclusions from terminal Proterozoic (ca. 544 Ma) and Early Cambrian (ca. 515 Ma) marine halites indicate that seawater Ca2+ concentrations increased approximately threefold during the Early Cambrian. The timing of this shift in seawater chemistry broadly coincides with the "Cambrian explosion," a brief drop in marine Sr-87/Sr-86 values, and an increase in tectonic activity, suggesting a link between the advent of biocalcification, hydrothermal mid-ocean-ridge brine production, and the composition of seawater. The Early Cambrian surge in oceanic [Ca2+] was likely the first such increase following the rise of metazoans and may have spurred evolutionary changes in marine biota. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brennan, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 956 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 33 TC 98 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 32 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 6 BP 473 EP 476 DI 10.1130/g20251.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 826SS UT WOS:000221849500003 ER PT J AU Booth, DB Troost, KG Hagstrum, JT AF Booth, DB Troost, KG Hagstrum, JT TI Deformation of Quaternary strata and its relationship to crustal folds and faults, south-central Puget Lowland, Washington State SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Washington; deformation; folding; Seattle fault; tectonics; Quaternary ID SEATTLE FAULT; ICE-SHEET; SOUND; CASCADIA; ZONE AB Folded Quaternary deposits across the south-central Puget Lowland, an area just south of the Seattle fault that extends across the Seattle uplift and its boundary with the adjacent Tacoma basin, provide increased resolution of the character and rate of crustal deformation. They also constrain alternative, and partly incompatible, views of crustal structure previously suggested by geophysical investigations. Tectonic deformation has been progressive for at least the past few hundred thousand years: older sediments display greater deformation than the youngest exposed deposits in the study area. Strain rates across the Seattle uplift have probably been between 0.25 and 1.0 mm/yr during this period, accounting for similar to10% of the total strain shortening of the western Washington crust. The Seattle uplift displays Quaternary deformation across its full north-south extent and has structural discontinuities at both its northern and southern boundaries. Previous workers have already established the faulted nature of its northern boundary; exposed Quaternary strata across its southern boundary display intense folding, the location of which generally corresponds to the projection of a "Tacoma fault" suggested by prior geophysical studies. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Booth, DB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Booth, Derek/B-6379-2014 OI Booth, Derek/0000-0002-5242-4089 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 6 BP 505 EP 508 DI 10.1130/g20355.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 826SS UT WOS:000221849500011 ER PT J AU Ortiz, JD O'Connell, SB DelViscio, J Dean, W Carriquiry, JD Marchitto, T Zheng, Y van Geen, A AF Ortiz, JD O'Connell, SB DelViscio, J Dean, W Carriquiry, JD Marchitto, T Zheng, Y van Geen, A TI Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 ky SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE millennial-scale climate; abrupt climate change; foraminifera; marine productivity; paleo-ENSO variability ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; OXYGEN-MINIMUM ZONE; NITROGEN ISOTOPE; EL-NINO; PACIFIC; SEDIMENTS; WATERS; OCEAN; SURFACE AB Studies of the Santa Barbara Basin off the coast of California have linked changes in its bottom-water oxygen content to millennial-scale climate changes as recorded by the oxygen isotope composition of Greenland ice. Through the use of detailed records from a sediment core collected off the Magdalena Margin of Baja California, Mexico, we demonstrate that this teleconnection predominantly arose from changes in marine productivity, rather than changes in ventilation of the North Pacific, as was originally proposed. One possible interpretation is that the modern balance of El Nino-La Nina conditions that favors a shallow nutricline and high productivity today and during warm climate intervals of the past 52 k.y. was altered toward more frequent, deep nutricline, low productivity, El Nino-like conditions during cool climate intervals. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Wesleyan Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. US Geol Survey, Earth Surface Proc, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CUNY Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. RP Ortiz, JD (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM avangeen@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Ortiz, Joseph/E-1144-2011 OI Ortiz, Joseph/0000-0002-6583-3850 NR 31 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 6 BP 521 EP 524 DI 10.1130/G20234.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 826SS UT WOS:000221849500016 ER PT J AU Vroblesky, DA Clinton, BD Vose, JM Casey, CC Harvey, G Bradley, PM AF Vroblesky, DA Clinton, BD Vose, JM Casey, CC Harvey, G Bradley, PM TI Ground water chlorinated ethenes in tree trunks: Case studies, influence of recharge, and potential degradation mechanism SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; EUCALYPTUS-CAMALDULENSIS; STREAM WATER; CONTAMINATION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; HYDROCARBONS; MICROCOSMS; AQUIFER; PLANTS; RINGS AB Trichloroethene (TCE) was detected in cores of trees growing above TCE-contaminated ground at three sites: the Carswell Golf Course in Texas, Air Force Plant PJKS in Colorado, and Naval Weapons Station Charleston in South Carolina. This was true even when the depth to water was 7.9 m or when the contaminated aquifer was confined beneath similar to3 m of clay. Additional ground water contaminants detected in the tree cores were cis-1,2-dichloroethene at two sites and tetrachloroethene at one site. Thus, tree coring can be a rapid and effective means of locating shallow subsurface chlorinated ethenes and possibly identifying zones of active TCE dechlorination. Tree cores collected over time were useful in identifying the onset of ground water contamination. Several factors affecting chlorinated ethene concentrations in tree cores were identified in this investigation. The factors include ground water chlorinated ethene concentrations and depth to ground water contamination. In addition, differing TCE concentrations around the trunk of some trees appear to be related to the roots deriving water from differing areas. Opportunistic uptake of infiltrating rainfall can dilute prerain TCE concentrations in the trunk. TCE concentrations in core headspace may differ among some tree species. In some trees, infestation of bacteria in decaying heartwood may provide a TCE dechlorination mechanism within the trunk. C1 US Geol Survey, Stephenson Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. So Div Naval Facil Engn Command, N Charleston, SC 29406 USA. USAF, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vroblesky, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Stephenson Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM vroblesk@usgs.gov; bclinton@fs.fed.us; jvose@fs.fed.us; cliff.casey@navy.mil; gregory.harvey@wpafb.af.mil; pbradley@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 124 EP 138 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 850FC UT WOS:000223595600012 ER PT J AU Burrowes, PA Joglar, RL Green, DE AF Burrowes, PA Joglar, RL Green, DE TI Potential causes for amphibian declines in Puerto Rico SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE amphibian declines; Caribbean; climate change; chytrid fungi; disease; Eleutherodactylus; Puerto Rico ID POPULATION DECLINES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GOLDEN TOAD; FROG; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAIN; SITES; ELEUTHERODACTYLUS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; DISAPPEARANCE AB We monitored 11 populations of eight species of Eleutherodactylus in Puerto Rico from 1989 through 2001. We determined relative abundance of active frogs along transects established in the Caribbean National Forest (El Yunque), Carite Forest, San Lorenzo, and in the vicinity of San Juan. Three species (Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti, E. jasperi, and E. eneidae) are presumed to be extinct and eight populations of six different species of endemic Eleutherodactylus are significantly declining at elevations above 400 in. Of the many suspected causes of amphibian declines around the world, we focused on climate change and disease. Temperature and precipitation data from 1970-2000 were analyzed to determine the general pattern of oscillations and deviations that could be correlated with amphibian declines. We examined a total of 106 tissues taken from museum specimens collected from 1961-1978 and from live frogs in 2000. We found chytrid fungi in two species collected at El Yunque as early as 1976, this is the first report of chytrid fungus in the Caribbean. Analysis of weather data indicates a significant warming trend and all association between years with extended periods of drought and the decline of amphibians in Puerto Rico. The 1970's and 1990's, which represent the periods of amphibian extirpations and declines, were significantly drier than average. We suggest a possible synergistic interaction between drought and the pathological effect of the chytrid fungus oil amphibian populations. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Burrowes, PA (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, POB 23360, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. EM pburrowe@upracd.upr.elu.edu NR 51 TC 102 Z9 119 U1 5 U2 50 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD JUN PY 2004 VL 60 IS 2 BP 141 EP 154 DI 10.1655/03-50 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 821NJ UT WOS:000221467500001 ER PT J AU Gaff, H Chick, J Trexler, J DeAngelis, D Gross, L Salinas, R AF Gaff, H Chick, J Trexler, J DeAngelis, D Gross, L Salinas, R TI Evaluation of and insights from ALFISH: a spatially explicit, landscape-level simulation of fish populations in the Everglades SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Everglades; spatially explicit model; freshwater marshes; fish; model validation; model evaluation ID RESTORATION; TRAPS AB We present an evaluation of a spatially explicit, age-structured model created to assess fish density dynamics in the Florida Everglades area. This model, ALFISH, has been used to compare alternative management scenarios for the Florida Everglades region. This area is characterized by periodic dry downs and refloodings. ALFISH uses spatially explicit water depth data to predict patterns of fish density. Here we present a method for calibration of ALFISH, based on information concerning fish movement, pond locations and other field data. With the current information, the greatest coefficient of determination achieved from regressions of ALFISH output to field data is 0.35 for fish density and 0.88 for water depth. The poor predictability of fish density mirrors the empirical findings that hydrology, which is the main driver of the model, only accounts for 20-40% of the variance of fish densities across the Everglades landscape. Sensitivity analyses indicate that fish in this system are very sensitive to frequency, size and location of permanent ponds as well as availability of prey. C1 Univ Tennessee, Inst Environm Modeling, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Great Rivers Field Stn, Champaign, IL USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Reston, VA USA. RP Gaff, H (reprint author), Dynam Technol Inc, Arlington, VA USA. EM hgaff@tiem.utk.edu NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2004 VL 520 IS 1-3 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1023/B:HYDR.0000027728.98923.e7 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 820LY UT WOS:000221391900007 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Waite, TA Krzys, G Mack, JJ Micacchion, M AF Stapanian, MA Waite, TA Krzys, G Mack, JJ Micacchion, M TI Rapid assessment indicator of wetland integrity as an unintended predictor of avian diversity SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE rapid biological assessment; species richness; wetland assessment; wetland birds ID HABITAT VARIABLES; BIODIVERSITY; TRENDS AB Rapid assessment of aquatic ecosystems has been widely implemented, sometimes without thorough evaluation of the robustness of rapid assessment metrics as indicators of ecological integrity. Here, we evaluate whether the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method (ORAM) for Wetlands Version 5.0 is a useful indicator of ecological integrity beyond its intended purpose. ORAM was developed to categorize natural wetlands for regulatory purposes and to contribute to the development of indicators of biotic integrity. It was never intended for use as an index of the quality of habitat for wetland birds. Nonetheless, it is conceivable that ORAM scores could serve as adequate predictors of avian diversity. We evaluated whether avian species richness in wetlands could be reliably predicted from each of the following variables: (1) total ORAM score, (2) total score minus the score for one metric that did not apply to all wetlands, and (3) sum of scores for the four ORAM components (of 16 scored) with the highest potential point total. These four components corresponded to aquatic vegetation communities, microtopography, modifications to natural hydrologic regime, and sources of water. All three variables were significant predictors of both total species richness and mean species richness of birds of conservation concern. Variable (3) was a significant predictor of mean species richness of wetland-dependent birds. Variable (2) was a weak predictor of both total and mean species richness of all birds combined. These results extend the robustness of ORAM as an indicator of the ecological integrity of wetlands. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Cty San Diego, Dept Planning & Land Use, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Div Surface Water, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM Martin_Stapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2004 VL 520 IS 1-3 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1023/B:HYDR.0000027731.16535.53 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 820LY UT WOS:000221391900010 ER PT J AU Wipfli, MS Musslewhite, J AF Wipfli, MS Musslewhite, J TI Density of red alder (Alnus rubra) in headwaters influences invertebrate and detritus subsidies to downstream fish habitats in Alaska SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE alder; headwater stream; subsidy; invertebrate; detritus; salmonid; riparian forest management ID SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; SALMON CARCASSES; FOOD WEBS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; COHO SALMON; STREAM; GROWTH; EXPORT; DYNAMICS AB We investigated the influence of red alder (Alnus rubra) stand density in upland, riparian forests on invertebrate and detritus transport from fishless headwater streams to downstream, salmonid habitats in southeastern Alaska. Red alder commonly regenerates after soil disturbance ( such as from natural landsliding or timber harvesting), and is common along streams in varying densities, but its effect on food delivery from headwater channels to downstream salmonid habitats is not clear. Fluvial transport of invertebrates and detritus was measured at 13 sites in spring, summer and fall during two years ( 2000-2001). The 13 streams encompassed a riparian red alder density gradient (1-82% canopy cover or 0-53% basal area) growing amongst young-growth conifer (45-yr-old stands that regenerated after forest clearcutting). Sites with more riparian red alder exported significantly more invertebrates than did sites with little alder ( mean range across 1-82% alder gradient was about 1-4 invertebrates m(-3) water, and 0.1(-1) mg invertebrates m(-3) water, respectively). Three-quarters of the invertebrates were of aquatic origin; the remainder was of terrestrial origin. Aquatic taxa were positively related to the alder density gradient, while terrestrially-derived taxa were not. Streams with more riparian alder also exported significantly more detritus than streams with less alder ( mean range across 1-82% alder gradient was 0.01-0.06 g detritus m(-3) water). Based on these data, we predict that headwater streams with more riparian alder will provide more invertebrates and support more downstream fish biomass than those basins with little or no riparian alder, provided these downstream food webs fully utilize this resource subsidy. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Wipfli, MS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, USGS, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 209 Irving 1 Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM Mark.Wipfli@uaf.edu NR 56 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 8 U2 25 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2004 VL 520 IS 1-3 BP 153 EP 163 DI 10.1023/B:HYDR.0000027734.95586.24 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 820LY UT WOS:000221391900013 ER PT J AU Aravena, R Wassenaar, LI Spiker, EC AF Aravena, R Wassenaar, LI Spiker, EC TI Chemical and carbon isotopic composition of dissolved organic carbon in a regional confined methanogenic aquifer SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article DE carbon isotopes; chemical characterization; dissolved organic carbon; groundwater; sources ID SALT-MARSH ESTUARY; FULVIC-ACIDS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; NATURAL-WATERS; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; GROUNDWATER; CANADA; C-13; SEDIMENTS; METHANE AB This study demonstrates the advantage of a combined use of chemical and isotopic tools to understand the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) cycle in a regional confined methanogenic aquifer. DOC concentration and carbon isotopic data demonstrate that the soil zone is a primary carbon source of groundwater DOC in areas close to recharge zones. An in-situ DOC source linked to organic rich sediments present in the aquifer matrix is controlling the DOC pool in the central part of the groundwater flow system. DOC fractions, C-13-NMR on fulvic acids and C-14 data on DOC and CH4 support the hypothesis that the in-situ DOC source is a terrestrial organic matter and discard the Ordovician bedrock as a source of DOC. C1 Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Environm Canada, Natl Hydrol Res Inst, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Aravena, R (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM roaraven@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca RI Wassenaar, Leonard/B-5996-2013; OI Wassenaar, Leonard/0000-0001-5532-0771 NR 50 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-6016 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 103 EP 114 DI 10.1080/10256010410001671050 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 826XJ UT WOS:000221862500001 PM 15223664 ER PT J AU Kocan, R Hershberger, P Winton, J AF Kocan, R Hershberger, P Winton, J TI Ichthyophoniasis: An emerging disease of Chinook salmon in the Yukon River SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SWEDISH WEST-COAST; CLUPEA-PALLASI; RAINBOW-TROUT; NORTH-SEA; HOFERI; INFECTION; SOUND; POPULATIONS; WALBAUM; FISHES AB Before 1985, Ichthyophonus was unreported among Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. from the Yukon River; now it infects more than 40% of returning adult Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha. Overall infection prevalence reached about 45% in the Yukon River and about 30% in the Tanana River between 1999 and 2003. Mean infection prevalence was greater in females than males in the main-stem Yukon River during each of the 5 years of the study, but the infection prevalence in males increased each year until the difference was no longer significant. Clinical signs of ichthyophoniasis (presence of visible punctate white lesions in internal organs) were least at the mouth of the Yukon River (similar to10%) but increased to 29% when fish reached the middle Yukon River and was 22% at the upper Tanana River. However, clinical signs increased each year from 7% in 1999 to 27% in 2003 at the mouth of the river. As fish approached the upper reaches of the Yukon River (Canada) and the spawning areas of the Chena and Salcha rivers (Alaska), infection prevalence dropped significantly to less than 15% in females on the Yukon River and less than 10% for both sexes in the Chena and Salcha rivers, presumably because of mortality among infected prespawn fish. Age was not a factor in infection prevalence, nor was the position of fish within the run. The source of infection was not determined, but Ichthyophonus was not found in 400 Pacific herring Clupea pallasi from the Bering Sea or in 120 outmigrating juvenile Chinook salmon from two drainages in Alaska and Canada. Freshwater burbot Lota Iota from the middle Yukon River were subclinically infected with Ichthyophonus, but the origin and relationship of this agent to the Chinook salmon isolate is unknown. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Marrowstone Marine Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kocan, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kocan@u.washington.edu NR 36 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 2 BP 58 EP 72 DI 10.1577/H03-068.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 852DY UT WOS:000223736600002 ER PT J AU Densmore, CL Ottinger, CA Blazer, VS Iwanowicz, LR AF Densmore, CL Ottinger, CA Blazer, VS Iwanowicz, LR TI Immunomodulation and disease resistance in postyearling rainbow trout infected with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of Whirling disease SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SALMO-SALAR L; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; WILD TROUT; FISH; SPECIFICITY; PARAMETERS; GAIRDNERI AB Myxobolus cerebralis, the myxosporean parasite that causes whirling disease, has a number of deleterious effects on its salmonid host. Although it is well established that juvenile salmonids in the active stages of whirling disease mount an immune response to the pathogen, the occurrence and longevity of any related immunomodulatory effects are unknown. In this study, postyearling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss infected with M. cerebralis were examined for leukocyte functions and for resistance to Yersinia ruckeri, a bacterial pathogen of salmonids. Compared with uninfected controls, M. cerebralis-infected fish showed lower proliferative lymphocyte responses to four mitogens (concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, phytohemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide). Conversely, M. cerebralis-infected fish displayed greater bactericidal activity of anterior kidney macrophages than did uninfected fish. After bath challenges with Y. ruckeri, M. cerebralis-infected fish had slightly lower survival and a more rapid onset of mortality than did the control fish. Renal tissue and fecal samples from M. cerebralis-infected and uninfected survivors were cultured for the presence of Y. ruckeri, and no difference in prevalence was noted between the two groups. Because immunomodulatory changes in the M. cerebralis-infected fish involved functional enhancement and suppression of different leukocyte populations, disease resistance among M. cerebralis-infected fish in the later stages of whirling disease will probably vary with the secondary pathogen and the nature of immune response the pathogen evokes. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Densmore, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM christine_densmore@usgs.gov OI Ottinger, Christopher/0000-0003-2551-1985; Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 2 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1577/H03-039.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 852DY UT WOS:000223736600003 ER PT J AU Taylor, PW AF Taylor, PW TI Detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in eggs and sexual fluids of Pacific Salmonids by a polymerase chain reaction assay: Implications for vertical transmission of bacterial coldwater disease SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; CYTOPHAGA-PSYCHROPHILA; TROUT; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; DNA AB Ovarian fluid and eggs were collected from returning salmonid species during normal spawning operations and examined for the presence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD). A nested polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) that targets the 16S rRNA gene of F. psychrophilum was used for detection of the pathogen. Samples from coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, chum salmon O. keta, Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha, and steelhead O. mykiss were taken from four fish culture facilities in the Pacific Northwest. Ovarian fluids were pelleted by centrifugation, and yolk material from within the eggs was aseptically removed and prepared for testing by PCR. Flavobacterium psychrophilton was detected in ovarian fluids and unfertilized eggs from species sampled at all facilities. This confirmed the use of PCR as a valid assay for the detection of F. psychrophilum in returning salmonid broodstock of all species tested. More importantly, PCR confirmed the presence of the pathogen within egg contents, not just in the surrounding fluids or on the egg surface. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Taylor, PW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 2 BP 104 EP 108 DI 10.1577/H03-053.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 852DY UT WOS:000223736600007 ER PT J AU Haas, KA Hanes, DM AF Haas, KA Hanes, DM TI Process based modeling of total longshore sediment transport SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE waves; currents; sediment transport; coastal evolution; numerical models AB Waves, currents, and longshore sand transport are calculated locally as a function of position in the nearshore region using process based numerical models. The resultant longshore sand transport is then integrated across the nearshore to provide predictions of the total longshore transport of sand due to waves and longshore currents. Model results are in close agreement with the I-1-P-1 correlation described by Komar and Inman (1970) and the CERC (1984) formula. Model results also indicate that the proportionality constant in the I-1-P-1 formula depends weakly upon the sediment size, the shape of the beach profile, and the particular local sediment flux formula that is employed. Model results indicate that the various effects and influences of sediment size tend to cancel out, resulting in little overall dependence on sediment size. C1 Georgia Tech Savannah, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. Univ Florida, Civil & Coastal Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USGS, Pacific Sci Ctr, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Georgia Tech Savannah, 210 Technol Circle, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. EM kevin.haas@gtrep.gatech.edu; dhanes@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 853 EP 861 DI 10.2112/1551-5036(2004)20[853:PBMOTL]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 872JN UT WOS:000225203600022 ER PT J AU Lane, JW Day-Lewis, FD Versteeg, RJ Casey, CC AF Lane, JW Day-Lewis, FD Versteeg, RJ Casey, CC TI Object-based inversion of crosswell radar tomography data to monitor vegetable oil injection experiments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOPHYSICAL TOMOGRAPHY; BOREHOLE RADAR AB Crosswell radar methods can be used to dynamically image ground-water flow and mass transport associated with tracer tests, hydraulic tests, and natural physical processes, for improved characterization of preferential flow paths and complex aquifer heterogeneity. Unfortunately, because the raypath coverage of the interwell region is limited by the borehole geometry, the tomographic inverse problem is typically underdetermined, and tomograms may contain artifacts such as spurious blurring or streaking that confuse interpretation. We implement object-based inversion (using a constrained, non-linear, least-squares algorithm) to improve results from pixel-based inversion approaches that utilize regularization criteria, such as damping or smoothness. Our approach requires pre- and post-injection travel-time data. Parameterization of the image plane comprises a small number of objects rather than a large number of pixels, resulting in an overdetermined problem that reduces the need for prior information. The nature and geometry of the objects are based on hydrologic insight into aquifer characteristics, the nature of the experiment, and the planned use of the geophysical results. The object-based inversion is demonstrated using synthetic and crosswell radar field data acquired during vegetable-oil injection experiments at a site in Fridley, Minnesota. The region where oil has displaced ground water is discretized as a stack of rectangles of variable horizontal extents. The inversion provides the geometry of the affected region and an estimate of the radar slowness change for each rectangle. Applying petrophysical models to these results and porosity from neutron logs, we estimate the vegetable-oil emulsion saturation in various layers. Using synthetic- and field-data examples, object-based inversion is shown to be an effective strategy for inverting crosswell radar tomography data acquired to monitor the emplacement of vegetable-oil emulsions. A principal advantage of object-based inversion is that it yields images that hydrologists and engineers can easily interpret and use for model calibration. C1 Univ Connecticut, US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Bucknell Univ, Dept Geol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Idaho Natl Environm & Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. USN, So Div, NAVFAC, N Charleston, SC USA. RP Lane, JW (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman,U-5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 2 BP 63 EP 77 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 856FL UT WOS:000224031000002 ER PT J AU Mallory, ML Kiff, L Clark, RG Bowman, T Blums, P Mednis, A Alisauskas, RT AF Mallory, ML Kiff, L Clark, RG Bowman, T Blums, P Mednis, A Alisauskas, RT TI The occurrence of runt eggs in waterfowl clutches SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding; clutch size; dwarf egg; egg anomaly; egg size; runt egg; waterfowl ID SUCCESS; DUCKS AB Eggs that are abnormally small are called runt eggs, and they occur in clutches across a wide variety of bird species. We surveyed waterfowl researchers to determine the natural frequency of occurrence of runt eggs in wild nesting ducks, geese, and swans. Of 551,632 eggs examined, 215 were runts, yielding a frequency of 0.039%. They occurred at about four times this frequency (0.156% in 21,832 eggs) in a museum oological collection. Runt eggs were not significantly more common within any taxonomic group among wild waterfowl, and their occurrence was not related to the mean clutch size of a species or to whether waterfowl exhibited regular conspecific nest parasitism. Cavity-nesting waterfowl had lower incidences of runt eggs than ground-nesting species. Our results represent the largest examination of the occurrence of this size anomaly in eggs of wild birds, and are consistent with the hypothesis that runt eggs result from a temporary impairment of the reproductive tract. This may explain why runt eggs occur in all bird species studied. C1 Canadian Wildlife Serv, Iqaluit, NU X0A 0H0, Canada. Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID 83709 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0K4, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Waterfowl Management Branch, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Missouri, Gaylord Mem Lab, Puxico, MS USA. Univ Latvia, Inst Biol, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia. RP Mallory, ML (reprint author), Canadian Wildlife Serv, POB 1714, Iqaluit, NU X0A 0H0, Canada. EM mark.mallory@ec.gc.ca RI Mallory, Mark/A-1952-2017 OI Mallory, Mark/0000-0003-2744-3437 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 75 IS 3 BP 209 EP 217 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 841SM UT WOS:000222951800001 ER PT J AU Johnson, MJ van Riper, C AF Johnson, MJ van Riper, C TI Brown-headed Cowbird parasitism of the Black-throated Sparrow in central Arizona SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arizona; Black-throated Sparrow; Brown-headed Cowbird; cowbird nest searching; nest parasitism; reproductive success ID AVIAN BROOD PARASITISM; NEST-SITE CHARACTERISTICS; RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; YELLOW WARBLER; EVOLUTIONARY LAG; BREEDING BIOLOGY; SONG SPARROWS; HOST ACTIVITY; DESERTION; EGGS AB From 1994-1996 we investigated effects of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism on Black-throated Sparrow (Amphispiza bilineata) nesting success in the Verde Valley of central Arizona. Of 56 Black-throated Sparrow nests, 52% were parasitized. Black-throated Sparrows appear to respond to natural parasitism by accepting the cowbird egg, deserting the nest, or burying the cowbird egg. Removal and damage of host eggs by female cowbirds effectively reduced clutch size from an average of 3.4 to 1.9 eggs. Because of this reduced clutch size, Black-throated Sparrow reproductive success was significantly lower in parasitized nests (0.2 young fledged/nest) as compared to nonparasitized nests (1.6 young fledged/nest). When comparing cowbird parasitism between two habitat types, we found significantly higher parasitism frequencies in crucifixion-thorn (Canotia holacantha) versus creosote-bush (Larrea divaricata) habitat. We argue that this difference in parasitism is due to the greater number of tall perches (e.g., shrubs >4 m) available in crucifixion-thorn habitat, providing vantage points for female cowbirds to better find Black-throated Sparrow nests. C1 No Arizona Univ, USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Johnson, MJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM matthew.johnson@nau.edu NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 75 IS 3 BP 303 EP 311 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 841SM UT WOS:000222951800011 ER PT J AU Harland, B Berry, CR AF Harland, B Berry, CR TI Fishes and habitat characteristics of the Keya Paha River, south Dakota-Nebraska SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREAM FISHES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PRAIRIE STREAM; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; ASSEMBLAGE; PATTERNS AB Fishes were collected in four mainstem reaches and eight tributary reaches in the Keya Paha River basin during May and June 2002. Most reaches were characteristically run habitats with sand substrates and riparian pastures. Data were combined with historical records to construct a basin-wide ichthyofaunal list which comprised 38 species from seven families. Dominant species were sand shiners (Notropis ludibundus; 47%), red shiners (Cyprinella lutrensis; 37%), and brassy minnows (Hybognathus hankinsoni; 8%). Dominant game species were bluegill (Lepomis machrochirus) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). We found one species previously listed as rare in South Dakota plains topminnow (Fundulus sciadicus), and four species not previously found in the Keya Paha River-silver chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana), river carpsucker (Carpiodes carpio), northern pike (Esox lucius), yellow perch (Perca flavescens). C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Harland, B (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1080/02705060.2004.9664529 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819VG UT WOS:000221343400002 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Hubert, WA Rahel, FJ AF Quist, MC Hubert, WA Rahel, FJ TI Elevation and stream-size thresholds affect distributions of native and exotic warmwater fishes in Wyoming SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL BOUNDARIES; TROUT; HABITAT; RIVER; ASSEMBLAGES; GRADIENTS; ABUNDANCE; OKLAHOMA AB This study was conducted to assess the influence of elevation and stream width on the occurrence of 28 native and six exotic fish species using data collected (1954-2003) from 1,114 stream reaches in Wyoming. Medians and ranges of elevation and stream width were used to assess how elevation and stream width influenced the occurrence of individual species and to indicate which species had large and small ranges of distribution. Twenty-four species were common at elevations below 1,550 m and 31 species occurred in streams less than 20 m wide, The six exotic species had the potential to overlap all of the native species with regard to both elevation and stream width. In general, species that were collected over a wide range of elevations were also collected over a wide range of stream widths. Red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) and river carpsucker (Carpiodes carpio) occurred over the smallest elevation ranges (< 250 m), whereas longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus) was sampled over the greatest elevation ranges (> 2,500 m). Longnose sucker and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) occurred over the greatest ranges in stream widths (> 90 m), and brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans), black bullhead (Ameiurus melas), and quillback (Carpiodes cyprinus) were found over the lowest ranges in stream widths (< 12 m). The distributions of native and exotic species in streams that transition from the Rocky Mountains to the Great Plains were largely explained by elevation and stream width. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM mcquist@uwyo.edu NR 30 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1080/02705060.2004.9664536 PG 10 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819VG UT WOS:000221343400009 ER PT J AU Johnson, SA Barichivich, WJ AF Johnson, SA Barichivich, WJ TI A simple technique for trapping siren lacertina, Amphiuma means, and other aquatic vertebrates SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; FUNNEL TRAPS; SALAMANDERS; INTERMEDIA AB We describe a commercially-avail able funnel trap for sampling aquatic vertebrates. The traps can be used in heavily vegetated wetlands and can be set in water up to 60 cm deep without concern for drowning the animals. They were especially useful for capturing the aquatic salamanders Siren lacertina and Amphiuma means, which have been difficult to capture with traditional sampling methods. They also were effective for sampling small fishes, particularly centrarchids, and larval anurans. In total, 14 species of amphibians, nine Species of aquatic reptiles, and at least 32 fish species were captured. The trap we describe differs significantly from traditional funnel traps (e.g., minnow traps) and holds great promise for studies of small, aquatic vertebrates, in particular Siren and Amphiuma species. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Johnson, SA (reprint author), Lee Fisher Int, 3922 W Osborne Ave,POB 15695, Tampa, FL 33684 USA. EM steve_johnson@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 8 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1080/02705060.2004.9664540 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819VG UT WOS:000221343400013 ER PT J AU Strom, K Papanicolaou, AN Evangelopoulos, N Odeh, M AF Strom, K Papanicolaou, AN Evangelopoulos, N Odeh, M TI Microforms in gravel bed rivers: Formation, disintegration, and effects on bedload transport SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID CHANGE-POINT DETECTION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; LOAD TRANSPORT; STREAMS; CHANNELS; ORIGIN; MODELS; LAYER; FLOW AB This research aims to advance current knowledge on cluster formation and evolution by tackling some of the aspects associated with cluster microtopography and the effects of clusters on bedload transport. The specific objectives of the study are (1) to identify the bed shear stress range in which clusters form and disintegrate, (2) to quantitatively describe the spacing characteristics and orientation of clusters with respect to flow characteristics, (3) to quantify the effects clusters have on the mean bedload rate, and (4) to assess the effects of clusters on the pulsating nature of bedload. In order to meet the objectives of this Study, two main experimental scenarios, namely, Test Series A and B (20 experiments overall) are considered in a laboratory flume under well-controlled conditions. Series A tests are performed to address objectives (1) and (2) while Series B is designed to meet objectives (3) and (4). Results show that cluster microforms develop in uniform sediment at 1.25 to 2 times the Shields parameter of an individual particle and start disintegrating at about 2.25 times the Shields parameter. It is found that during an unsteady flow event, effects of Clusters on bedload transport rate can be classified in three different phases: a sink phase where clusters absorb incoming sediment, a neutral phase where clusters do not affect bedload, and a source phase where clusters release particles. Clusters also increase the magnitude of the fluctuations in bedload transport rate, showing that clusters amplify the unsteady nature of bedload transport. A fourth-order autoregressive, autoregressive integrated moving average model is employed to describe the time series of bedload and provide a predictive formula for predicting bedload at different periods. Finally, a change-point analysis enhanced with a binary segmentation procedure is performed to identify the abrupt changes in the bedload statistic characteristics due to the effects of clusters and detect the different phases in bedload time series using probability theory. The analysis verifies the experimental findings that three phases are detected in the bedload rate time series structure, namely, sink, neutral, and source. C1 Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept bus Comp Info Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. US Geol Survey, LSC, CAFRC, Environm Hydraul Grp, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Strom, K (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM apapanic@engineering.uiowa.edu; evangeln@unt.edu; odehm@usgs.gov RI Strom, Kyle/E-8409-2012; OI Strom, Kyle/0000-0002-0798-7720 NR 58 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2004 VL 130 IS 6 BP 554 EP 567 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:6(544) PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 823JU UT WOS:000221608500008 ER PT J AU Oboyski, PT Slotterback, JW Banko, PC AF Oboyski, Peter T. Slotterback, John W. Banko, Paul C. TI Differential parasitism of seed-feeding Cydia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by native and alien wasp species relative to elevation in subalpine Sophora (Fabaceae) forests on Mauna Kea, Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Alien species; Biological control; Elevation gradient; Moth conservation; Non-target; Parasitism AB Alien parasitic wasps, including accidental introductions and purposefully released biological control agents, have been implicated in the decline of native Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Understanding the potential impacts of alien wasps requires knowledge of ecological parameters that influence parasitism rates for species in their new environment. Sophora seed-feeding Cydia spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were surveyed for larval parasitoids to determine how native and alien wasps are partitioned over an elevation gradient (2200-2800 m) on Hawaii Island, Hawaii. Parasitism rate of native Euderus metallicus (Eulophidae) increased with increased elevation, while parasitism rate by immigrant Calliephialtes grapholithae (Ichneumonidae) decreased. Parasitism by Pristomerus hawaiiensis (Ichneumonidae), origins uncertain, also decreased with increased elevation. Two other species, Diadegma blackburni (Ichneumonidae), origins uncertain, and Brasema cushmani (Eupelmidae), a purposefully introduced biological control agent for pepper weevil, did not vary significantly with elevation. Results are contrasted with a previous study of this system with implications for the conservation of an endangered bird species that feed on Cydia larvae. Interpretation of results is hindered by lack of knowledge of autecology of moths and wasps, origins, phylogeny, systematics, competitive ability, and physiological limitations of each wasp species. These factors should be incorporated into risk analysis for biological control introductions and invasive species programs. C1 [Oboyski, Peter T.; Slotterback, John W.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, USGS Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Kilauea Field Stn, Manoa, HI 96718 USA. RP Oboyski, PT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Insect Biol, 201 Wellman Hall,MC3112, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM poboyski@nature.berkeley.edu FU US Army Garrison, Hawaii; US Geological Survey Invasive Species Program; Wildlife and Terrestrial Resources Program FX We thank Bernarr Kumashiro (Hawaii Department of Agriculture) for help in identifying parasitoid species. Greg Brenner, Matt Kweskin, Luanne Johnson, Steve Dougill, and Dan Goltz (all formerly with USGS Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit) provided useful comments on study design and assisted with fieldwork. Many USGS Interns were invaluable in collecting, rearing, and curating specimens. Comments from Robert Peck, David Pollock (USGS PCSU), Frank Howarth (Bishop Museum) and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved this manuscript. Access to field sites was granted by the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources - Division of Forestry and Wildlife, and the US Army Garrison, Hawaii. Funding for this project was provided in part by the US Army Garrison, Hawaii, and the US Geological Survey Invasive Species Program and Wildlife and Terrestrial Resources Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The opinions expressed in this product are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinions of the US Government. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 8 IS 2-3 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.1023/B:JICO.0000045821.71118.54 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA V23VZ UT WOS:000208371600016 ER PT J AU Nelson, ME Mech, LD Frame, PF AF Nelson, ME Mech, LD Frame, PF TI Tracking of white-tailed deer migration by global positioning system SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE deer; GPS tracking; migration; movements; Odocoileus virginianus; radiotracking; travel ID NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; MICHIGAN; CARIBOU; WOLVES AB We used global positioning system (GPS) radiocollars on female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to document details of onsets of migrations, rates of travel, patterns of travel, durations of migrations, and distances traveled by 8 deer in spring and 4 deer in autumn in northeastern Minnesota in 1998, 1999, and 2001. In spring, deer migrated 23-45 km during 31-356 h, deviating a maximum 1.6-4.0 km perpendicular from a straight line of travel between their seasonal ranges. They migrated a minimum of 2.1-18.6 km/day over 11-56 h during 2-14 periods of travel. Minimum travel during 1-h intervals averaged 1.5 km/h (SD = 0.6, n = 27). Deer paused 1-12 times, averaging 24 h/pause (SD = 29, n = 43, range 19-306 h/pause). Deer migrated similar distances in autumn with comparable rates and patterns of travel. A difference of 1.9- to 7.5-fold in duration of migrations by deer migrating the same distances suggests that much of the variation in durations may be independent of migration distance. C1 US Geol Survey, Ely, MN 55731 USA. No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Nelson, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 598, Ely, MN 55731 USA. EM michael_e_nelson@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 85 IS 3 BP 505 EP 510 DI 10.1644/BOS-120 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 827JV UT WOS:000221896600019 ER PT J AU Gauthier, JD Jenkins, JA La Peyre, JF AF Gauthier, JD Jenkins, JA La Peyre, JF TI Flow cytometric analysis of lectin binding to in vitro-cultured Perkinsus marinus surface carbohydrates SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; RECOGNITION MOLECULES; PARASITE INTERACTIONS; OYSTER HEMOCYTES; EASTERN OYSTERS; IDENTIFICATION; KINETOPLASTIDA; AGGLUTINATION; PROLIFERATION AB Parasite surface glycoconjugates are frequently involved in cellular recognition and colonization of the host. This study reports on the identification of Perkinsus marinus surface carbohydrates by flow cytometric analyses of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lectin binding. Lectin-binding specificity was confirmed by sugar inhibition and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics. Clear, measurable fluorescence peaks were discriminated, and no parasite autofluorescence was observed. Parasites (GTLA-5 and Perkinsus-1 strains) harvested during log and stationary phases of growth in a protein-free medium reacted strongly with concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin, which bind to glucose-mannose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties, respectively. Both P. marinus strains bound with lower intensity to Maclura pomifera agglutinin, Bauhinia purpurea agglutinin, soybean agglutinin (N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectins), peanut agglutinin (PNA) (terminal galactose specific), and Griffonia simplicifolia 11 (GlcNAc specific). Only background fluorescence levels were detected with Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (L-fucose specific) and Limulus polyphemus agglutinin (sialic acid specific). The lectin-binding profiles were similar for the 2 strains except for a greater relative binding intensity of PNA for Perkinsus-1 and an overall greater lectin-binding capacity of Perkinsus-1 compared with GTLA-5. Growth stage comparisons revealed increased lectin-binding intensities during stationary phase compared with log phase of growth. This is the first report of the identification of surface glycoconjugates on a Perkinsus spp. by flow cytometry and the first to demonstrate that differential surface sugar expression is growth phase and strain dependent. C1 Nicholls State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. RP Gauthier, JD (reprint author), Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM biol-jdg@nicholls.edu NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 90 IS 3 BP 446 EP 454 DI 10.1645/GE-3269 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 832UH UT WOS:000222292200002 PM 15270084 ER PT J AU Castillo, PR Newhall, CG AF Castillo, PR Newhall, CG TI Geochemical constraints on possible subduction components in lavas of Mayon and Taal Volcanoes, southern Luzon, Philippines SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mayon Volcano; Philippines; sediment melt; subduction component; Taal Volcano ID TRACE-ELEMENT EVIDENCE; OCEAN ISLAND BASALTS; HIGH-FIELD STRENGTH; SLAB-DERIVED MELTS; ARC MAGMAS; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; WESTERN PACIFIC; MANTLE WEDGE; MINDANAO PHILIPPINES; SEDIMENT SUBDUCTION AB Mayon is the most active volcano along the east margin of southern Luzon, Philippines. Petrographic and major element data indicate that Mayon has produced a basaltic to andesitic lava series by fractional crystallization and magma mixing. Trace element data indicate that the parental basalts came from a heterogeneous mantle source. The unmodified composition of the mantle wedge is similar to that beneath the Indian Ocean. To this mantle was added a subduction component consisting of melt from subducted pelagic sediment and aqueous fluid dehydrated from the subducted basaltic crust. Lavas from the highly active Taal Volcano on the west margin of southern Luzon are compositionally more variable than Mayon lavas. Taal lavas also originated from a mantle wedge metasomatized by aqueous fluid dehydrated from the subducted basaltic crust and melt plus fluid derived from the subducted terrigenous sediment. More sediment is involved in the generation of Taal lavas. Lead isotopes argue against crustal contamination. Some heterogeneity of the unmodified mantle wedge and differences in whether the sediment signature is transferred into the lava source through an aqueous fluid or melt phase are needed to explain the regional compositional variation of Philippine arc lavas. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Washington, USGS, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Castillo, PR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM pcastillo@ucsd.edu OI Castillo, Paterno/0000-0001-6140-7929 NR 82 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1089 EP 1108 DI 10.1093/petrology/egh005 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 830JN UT WOS:000222118300001 ER PT J AU Harned, DA Atkins, JB Harvill, JS AF Harned, DA Atkins, JB Harvill, JS TI Nutrient mass balance and trends, Mobile River Basin, Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water quality; nonpoint source pollution; mass balance; nutrient loads; nutrient trends; correlation analysis; Mobile River ID CONSTITUENT LOADS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NITROGEN; DEPOSITION AB A nutrient mass balance-accounting for nutrient inputs from atmospheric deposition, fertilizer, crop nitrogen fixation, and point source effluents; and nutrient outputs, including crop harvest and storage-was calculated for 18 subbasins in the Mobile River Basin, and trends (1970 to 1997) were evaluated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Agricultural nonpoint nitrogen and phosphorus sources and urban nonpoint nitrogen sources are the most important factors associated with nutrients in this system. More than 30 percent of nitrogen yield in two basins and phosphorus yield in eight basins can be attributed to urban point source nutrient inputs. The total nitrogen yield (1.3 tons per square mile per year) for the Tombigbee River, which drains a greater percentage of agricultural (row crop) land use, was larger than the total nitrogen yield (0.99 tons per square mile per year) for the Alabama River. Decreasing trends of total nitrogen concentrations in the Tombigbee and Alabama Rivers indicate that a reduction occurred from 1975 to 1997 in the nitrogen contributions to Mobile Bay from the Mobile River. Nitrogen concentrations also decreased (1980 to 1995) in the Black Warrior River, one of the major tributaries to the Tombigbee River. Total phosphorus concentrations increased from 1970 to 1996 at three urban influenced sites on the Etowah River in Georgia. Multiple regression analysis indicates a distinct association between water quality in the streams of the Mobile River drainage basin and agricultural activities in the basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. US Geol Survey, Montgomery, AL 36116 USA. US Geol Survey, Nashville, TN 37086 USA. RP Harned, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM daharned@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 765 EP 793 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb04458.x PG 29 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 835LL UT WOS:000222484600016 ER PT J AU McKnight, DM Runkel, RL Tate, CM Duff, JH Moorhead, DL AF McKnight, DM Runkel, RL Tate, CM Duff, JH Moorhead, DL TI Inorganic N and P dynamics of Antarctic glacial meltwater streams as controlled by hyporheic exchange and benthic autotrophic communities SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Antarctic desert streams; hyporheic exchange; inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus cycling; benthic algae; nitrate; phosphate; synoptic survey; tracer injection ID MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; TRANSIENT STORAGE ZONES; SONORAN DESERT STREAM; HEADWATER STREAMS; PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE; MEDITERRANEAN STREAM; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; WATER EXCHANGE; RETENTION; ECOSYSTEM AB The McMurdo Dry Valleys of South Victoria Land, Antarctica, contain numerous glacial meltwater streams that drain into takes on the valley floors. Many of the streams have abundant perennial mats of filamentous cyanobacteria. The algal mats grow during streamflow in the austral summer and are in a dormant freeze-dried state during the rest of the year. NO3 and soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations were lower in streams with abundant algal mats than in streams with sparse algal mats. NO3 and SRP concentrations were higher in the hyporheic zone of a stream with abundant algal mats than in the stream itself. An experimental injection of LiCl, NaNO3, and K3PO4 was conducted in Green Creek, which has abundant algal mats. Substantial hyporheic exchange occurred. The NO3 and PO4 concentrations at 50 m below the injection were 55 muM and 18 muM, respectively, during the experiment. NO3 and PO4 concentrations were below the detection limit of 1 to 2 muM at a site 497 m below the injection during the Cl tracer arrival, indicating a high capacity for nutrient uptake by algal communities. NO2 and NH4 were present at sites 226 and 327 m below the injection, indicating that, in addition to denitrification and algal uptake, dissimilatory NO3 reduction to NO2 and NH4 may be a NO3 sink during transport. Transport modelling with nutrient uptake represented as a 1(st)-order process yielded reach-scale parameters of 4.3 x 10(-5) to 3.9 x 10(-4)/s and 1.4 x 10(-4) to 3.8 x 10(-1)/s for uptake of NO3 and PO4, respectively. The best match with the observed data was a model in which PO4 uptake occurred only in the main channel and NO3 uptake occurred in the main channel and in the hyporheic zone. Hyporheic NO3 uptake was 7 to 16% of the total uptake for the different stream reaches. These results demonstrate that nutrient flux to the lakes is controlled by hyporheic exchange and nutrient uptake by algal mats in dry valley streams. Streams without algal mats contribute more nutrients to the lakes than streams with algal mats. C1 Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Biol, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP McKnight, DM (reprint author), Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM diane.mcknight@colorado.edu; runkel@usgs.gov; cmtate@usgs.gov; jhduff@usgs.gov; moorhead@toledo.edu OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 57 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 23 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2 BP 171 EP 188 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0171:INAPDO>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 828LE UT WOS:000221974000002 ER PT J AU Black, RW Munn, MD Plotnikoff, RW AF Black, RW Munn, MD Plotnikoff, RW TI Using macroinverteb rates to identify biota-land cover optima at multiple scales in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE macroinvertebrates; environmental gradients; land use; biological monitoring; environmental scale; land cover optima ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SWEDISH STREAMS; SPATIAL SCALES; SPECIES RICHNESS; LANDSCAPE; HABITAT; ASSEMBLAGES; PREDICTION; CATCHMENT AB Macroinvertebrate assemblages and environmental variables were evaluated at 45 stream sites throughout the Puget Sound Basin, Washington, USA. Environmental variables were measured at 3 spatial scales: reach, local, and whole watershed. Macroinvertebrate distributions were related to environmental variables using canonical correspondence analysis to determine which variables and spatial scales best explained the observed community composition and to identify biota-land cover optima. The calculation of a biota-land cover optimum was a 2-step process. First, an individual taxon's optimum was estimated for a particular land cover by weighting the mean value for that land cover by the abundance of that taxon at all sites. Second, the biota-land cover optimum was determined as the point at which the greatest numbers of taxa, at their calculated optima, appeared for a particular land cover. Sampling reaches were located on streams in watersheds with varying levels of forest, agriculture, and urban/suburban land cover that represented the full range of physical conditions typically found in Puget Sound streams. At the reach scale, taxa composition was correlated with conductivity and mean velocity. At the local and whole-watershed scales, taxa composition was correlated with % forest and agricultural land cover and % forest and bedrock land cover, respectively. For all of the scales, the dominant environmental variables represented an anthropogenic gradient. There was little difference in the amount of variability explained by each spatial scale. At the local-watershed scale, a biota-land cover optimum of similar to80 to 90% forest land cover was identified. The total number of taxa at their optima declined rapidly as forest land cover within the local scale declined below 80 to 90%. At the whole-watershed scale, a biota-land cover optimum of 70 to 80% forest land cover was identified. The total number of taxa at their optima declined rapidly as forest land cover within the whole watershed declined below 70 to 80%. Our results suggest that macroinvertebrates can be used both as quantitative indicators of environmental conditions at multiple scales and indicators of land cover optima. Further examination of these optima could be used to establish priorities for conservation and restoration efforts. C1 US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. Washington State Dept Ecol, Lab Serv Ambient Monitoring Sect, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP Black, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Suite 600,1201 Pacific Ave, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM rwblack@usgs.gov; mdmunn@usgs.gov; rplo461@ecy.wa.gov NR 63 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2 BP 340 EP 362 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0340:UMTIBC>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 828LE UT WOS:000221974000014 ER PT J AU Thompson, C Beringer, J Chapin, FS McGuire, AD AF Thompson, C Beringer, J Chapin, FS McGuire, AD TI Structural complexity and land-surface energy exchange along a gradient from arctic tundra to boreal forest SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE leaf area index; plant functional type; stem area index; tree line; vegetation-climate interaction ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; HIGH-LATITUDES; DWARF SHRUBS; GROWTH; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; VARIABILITY; ENVIRONMENT; NITROGEN AB Question: Current climate changes in the Alaskan Arctic, which are characterized by increases in temperature and length of growing season, could alter vegetation structure, especially through increases in shrub cover or the movement of treeline. These changes in vegetation structure have consequences for the climate system. What is the relationship between structural complexity and partitioning of surface energy along a gradient from tundra through shrub tundra to closed canopy forest? Location: Arctic tundra-boreal forest transition in the Alaskan Arctic. Methods: Along this gradient of increasing canopy complexity, we measured key vegetation characteristics, including community composition, biomass, cover, height, leaf area index and stem area index. We relate these vegetation characteristics to albedo and the partitioning of net radiation into ground, latent, and sensible heating fluxes. Results: Canopy complexity increased along the sequence from tundra to forest due to the addition of new plant functional types. This led to non-linear changes in biomass, cover, and height in the understory. The increased canopy complexity resulted in reduced ground heat fluxes, relatively conserved latent heat fluxes and increased sensible heat fluxes. The localized warming associated with increased sensible heating over more complex canopies may amplify regional warming, causing further vegetation change in the Alaskan Arctic. C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Monash Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Thompson, C (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 211 Irving 1, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftcdc@uaf.edu; jason.beringer@arts.monash.edu.au; terry.chapin@uaf.edu; ffadm@uaf.edu RI Beringer, Jason/B-8528-2008; OI Beringer, Jason/0000-0002-4619-8361; Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 38 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 29 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI GRANGARDE PA GAMLA VAGEN 40, S-770 13 GRANGARDE, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 15 IS 3 BP 397 EP 406 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02277.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 824RZ UT WOS:000221705200013 ER PT J AU Rocke, TE Mencher, J Smith, SR Friedlander, AM Andrews, GP Baeten, LA AF Rocke, TE Mencher, J Smith, SR Friedlander, AM Andrews, GP Baeten, LA TI Recombinant F1-V fusion protein protects black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) against virulent Yersinia pestis infection SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE black-footed ferret; Mustela nigripes; plague; vaccination; Yersinia pestis ID PLAGUE AB Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) are highly susceptible to sylvatic plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, and this disease has severely hampered efforts to restore ferrets to their historic range. A study was conducted to assess the efficacy of vaccination of black-footed ferrets against plague using a recombinant protein vaccine, designated F1-V, developed by personnel at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. Seven postreproductive black-footed ferrets were immunized with the vaccine, followed by two booster immunizations on days 23 and 154; three control black-footed ferrets received a placebo. After the second immunization, antibody titers to both F1 and V antigen were found to be significantly higher in vaccinates than controls. On challenge with 7,800 colony-forming units of virulent plague by s.c. injection, the three control animals died within 3 days, but six of seven vaccinates survived with no ill effects. The seventh vaccinate died on day S. These results indicate that black-footed ferrets can be immunized against plague induced by the s.c. route, similar to fleabite injection. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 142 EP 146 DI 10.1638/03-021 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 838HI UT WOS:000222703700002 PM 15305507 ER PT J AU Lico, MS AF Lico, MS TI Gasoline-related organics in Lake Tahoe before and after prohibition of carbureted two-stroke engines SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BTEX; MTBE; PAH; two-stroke engines; Lake Tahoe; gasoline ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; CONTAMINANTS AB On june 1, 1999, carbureted two-stroke engines were banned on waters within the Lake Tahoe Basin of California and Nevada. The main gasoline components MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) were present at detectable concentrations in all samples taken from Lake Tahoe during 1997-98 prior to the ban. Samples taken from 1999 through 2001 after the ban contained between 10 and 60 percent of the pre-ban concentrations of these compounds, with MTBE exhibiting the most dramatic change (a 90 percent decrease). MTBE and BTEX concentrations in water samples from Lake Tahoe and Lower Echo Lake were related to the amount of boat use at the sampling sites. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds are produced by high-temperature pyrolytic reactions. They were sampled using semipermeable membrane sampling devices in Lake Tahoe and nearby Donner Lake, where carbureted two-stroke engines are legal. PAHs were detected in all samples taken from Lake Tahoe and Donner Lake. The number of PAH compounds and their concentrations are related to boat use. The highest concentrations of PAH were detected in samples from two heavily used boating areas, Tahoe Keys Marina and Donner Lake boat ramp. Other sources of PAH, such as atmospheric deposition, wood smoke, tributary streams, and automobile exhaust do not contribute large amounts of PAH to Lake Tahoe. Similar numbers of PAH compounds and concentrations were found in Lake Tahoe before and after the ban of carbureted two-stroke engines. C1 US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. RP Lico, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 333 W Nye Lane, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 164 EP 174 PG 11 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 839FG UT WOS:000222768300007 ER PT J AU Lee, MW AF Lee, MW TI Elastic velocities of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elastic velocities; gas hydrate-bearing sediment; partial gas saturation ID HYDRATE-BEARING SEDIMENTS; BLAKE RIDGE; OFFSHORE PERU; ZONE; SANDSTONES; BASE AB Fluid in sediments significantly affects elastic properties of sediments and gas in the pore space can be identified by a marked reduction of P-wave velocity or a decrease of Poisson's ratio. The elastic properties of gas-saturated sediments can be predicted by the classical Biot-Gassmann theory (BGT). However, parameters for the BGT such as the Biot coefficient or moduli of dry frame of unconsolidated and high porosity sediments are not readily available. Dependence of velocities on differential pressure or porosity for partially gas-saturated sediments is formulated using properties derived from velocities of water-saturated sediments. Laboratory samples for unconsolidated and consolidated sediments and well log data acquired for unconsolidated marine sediments agree well with the predictions. However, because the P-wave velocity depends highly on how the gas is saturated in the pore space such as uniform or patch, the amounts of gas estimated from the P-wave velocity contains high uncertainty. The modeled V-p/V-s ratio of partially gas-saturated sediment using the patch distribution is usually greater than 1.6, whereas the ratio modeled assuming a uniform distribution is about 1.6. Thus, Poisson's ratio or V-p/V-s ratio may be used to differentiate patch from uniform saturation, but differences between various models of patch saturation cannot be easily identified. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lee, MW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mlee@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 6 BP 641 EP 650 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2003.12.004 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 840DG UT WOS:000222836600001 ER PT J AU Austin, JE Pyle, WH AF Austin, JE Pyle, WH TI Small mammals in montane wet meadow habitat at Grays Lake, Idaho SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICROTUS-MONTANUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; VEGETATIVE COVER; COMMUNITIES; BASIN; VOLE; PRECIPITATION; HERBIVORES; MOUNTAINS; PREDATION AB We studied small mammal populations in wet meadow habitats at Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge in southeast Idaho during late summer, 1996-2000. We captured five species: meadow vole, montane vole, deer mouse, vagrant shrew, and ermine. Populations of meadow and montane voles irrupted in 1998, then declined to 1997 levels in 1999 and 2000. Capture rates of vagrant shrews were higher in 1998 and 2000 than in 1997 and 1999. Capture rates for ermine were highest in 1998 and 1999 and lowest in 1997 and 2000. The ratio of capture rates of prey species (montane and meadow voles, vagrant shrew, and deer mouse) to that of ermine increased from 5.20 in 1997 to 13.18 in 1998, declined to 0.77 in 1999, and rebounded in 2000 to 7.95. We detected no differences in capture rates among three land management treatments (idle, fall grazing, and fall burning) for any species, but captures rates were relatively low during the two post-treatment years. We found no evidence that amount of litter or vegetation type (>50% green vs. other) affected capture rates for any species. The effect of soil wetness varied by year for deer mice and ermine. Long-term studies, conducted over several microtine cycles and a range of environmental conditions, are needed to better understand the role of small mammals in wet meadow communities. C1 US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grays Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, Wayan, ID USA. RP Austin, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711-37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM jane_austin@usgs.gov OI Austin, Jane/0000-0001-8775-2210 NR 39 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 78 IS 3 BP 225 EP 233 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862SU UT WOS:000224512100006 ER PT J AU Vos, M Kooi, BW DeAngelis, DL Mooij, WM AF Vos, M Kooi, BW DeAngelis, DL Mooij, WM TI Inducible defences and the paradox of enrichment SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEM; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; EXPLOITATION ECOSYSTEMS; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; COLONY FORMATION; FOOD-CHAIN; CONSEQUENCES; STABILITY; DAPHNIA AB In order to evaluate the effects of inducible defences on community stability and persistence, we analyzed models of bitrophic and tritrophic food chains that incorporate consumer-induced polymorphisms. These models predict that intra-specific heterogeneity in defence levels resolves the paradox of enrichment for a range of top-down effects that affect consumer death rates and for all possible levels of primary productivity. We show analytically that this stability can be understood in terms of differences in handling times on the different prey types. Our predictions still hold when defences also affect consumer attack rates. The predicted stability occurs in both bitrophic and tritrophic food chains. Inducible defences may promote population persistence in tritrophic food chains. Here the minimum densities of cycling populations remain bound away from zero, thus decreasing the risk of population extinctions. However, the reverse can be true for the equivalent bitrophic predator-prey model. This shows that theoretical extrapolations from simple to complex communities should be made with caution. Our results show that inducible defences are among the ecological factors that promote stability in multitrophic communities. C1 Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Ctr Limnol, Dept Food Web Studies, NL-3631 AC Nieuwersluis, Netherlands. Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Multitroph Interact, Ctr Terr Ecol, NL-6666 GA Heteren, Netherlands. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Theoret Biol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Vos, M (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Ctr Limnol, Dept Food Web Studies, Rijksstraatweg 6, NL-3631 AC Nieuwersluis, Netherlands. EM m.vos@nioo.knaw.nl RI Mooij, Wolf/C-2677-2008; Vos, Matthijs/B-3802-2009; Kooi, Bob/B-6343-2012; OI Mooij, Wolf/0000-0001-5586-8200; Kooi, B.W./0000-0003-3477-9924 NR 72 TC 118 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 31 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUN PY 2004 VL 105 IS 3 BP 471 EP 480 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12930.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 821CT UT WOS:000221438100003 ER PT J AU Doherty, PF Schreiber, EA Nichols, JD Hines, JE Link, WA Schenk, GA Schreiber, RW AF Doherty, PF Schreiber, EA Nichols, JD Hines, JE Link, WA Schenk, GA Schreiber, RW TI Testing life history predictions in a long-lived seabird: a population matrix approach with improved parameter estimation SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; EL-NINO; BREEDING PROBABILITIES; ELASTICITY ANALYSES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; LARGE HERBIVORES; MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL; AGE AB Life history theory and associated empirical generalizations predict that population growth rate (lambda) in long-lived animals should be most sensitive to adult survival; the rates to which lambda is most sensitive should be those with the smallest temporal variances; and stochastic environmental events should most affect the rates to which lambda is least sensitive. To date, most analyses attempting to examine these predictions have been inadequate, their validity being called into question by problems in estimating parameters, problems in estimating the variability of parameters, and problems in measuring population sensitivities to parameters. We use improved methodologies in these three areas and test these life-history predictions in a population of red-tailed tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda). We support our first prediction that lambda is most sensitive to survival rates. However the support for the second prediction that these rates have the smallest temporal variance was equivocal. Previous support for the second prediction may be an artifact of a high survival estimate near the upper boundary of 1 and not a result of natural selection canalizing variances alone. We did not support our third prediction that effects of environmental stochasticity (El Nino) would most likely be detected in vital rates to which lambda was least sensitive and which are thought to have high temporal variances. Comparative data-sets on other seabirds, within and among orders, and in other locations, are needed to understand these environmental effects. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. GA Schenk, Alexandria, VA 22306 USA. RP Doherty, PF (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM doherty@cnr.colostate.edu NR 62 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUN PY 2004 VL 105 IS 3 BP 606 EP 618 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 821CT UT WOS:000221438100015 ER PT J AU Holland, JN Bronstein, JL DeAngelis, DL AF Holland, JN Bronstein, JL DeAngelis, DL TI Testing hypotheses for excess flower production and low fruit-to-flower ratios in a pollinating seed-consuming mutualism SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID YUCCA-WHIPPLEI; SENITA MOTHS; HERMAPHRODITIC PLANTS; LOPHOCEREUS-SCHOTTII; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ULTIMATE FUNCTIONS; UPIGA-VIRESCENS; FLORAL DISPLAY; ABORTION; AGAVACEAE AB Pollinator attraction, pollen limitation, resource limitation, pollen donation and selective fruit abortion have all been proposed as processes explaining why hermaphroditic plants commonly produce many more flowers than mature fruit. We conducted a series of experiments in Arizona to investigate low fruit-to-flower ratios in senita cacti, which rely exclusively on pollinating seed-consumers. Selective abortion of fruit based on seed predators is of particular interest in this case because plants relying on pollinating seed-consumers are predicted to have such a mechanism to minimize seed loss. Pollinator attraction and pollen dispersal increased with flower number, but fruit set did not, refuting the hypothesis that excess flowers increase fruit set by attracting more pollinators. Fruit set of natural- and hand-pollinated flowers were not different, supporting the resource, rather than pollen, limitation hypothesis. Senita did abort fruit, but not selectively based on pollen quantity, pollen donors, or seed predators. Collectively, these results are consistent with sex allocation theory in that resource allocation to excess flower production can increase pollen dispersal and the male fitness function of flowers, but consequently results in reduced resources available for fruit set. Inconsistent with sex allocation theory, however, fruit production and the female fitness function of flowers may actually increase with flower production. This is because excess flower production lowers pollinator-to-flower ratios and results in fruit abortion, both of which limit the abundance and hence oviposition rates, of pre-dispersal seed predators. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Holland, JN (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, MS 170,6100 S Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM jholland@rice.edu NR 42 TC 36 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUN PY 2004 VL 105 IS 3 BP 633 EP 640 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13058.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 821CT UT WOS:000221438100018 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ Bode, RW AF Phillips, PJ Bode, RW TI Pesticides in surface water runoff in south-eastern New York State, USA: seasonal and stormflow effects on concentrations SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Non-agricultural Use of Pesticides CY MAY 07-09, 2003 CL Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Copenhagen, DENMARK HO Royal Vet & Agr Univ DE pesticides; urban; runoff; developed watersheds; stormflows AB Samples from two streams (Kisco River and the Middle Branch of the Croton River) in the Croton Reservoir system in south-eastern New York State, USA were sampled from May 2000 through to February 2001 in order to document the effect of land use, streamflow and seasonal patterns of application on pesticide concentrations in runoff from developed watersheds. Many of the pesticides detected most commonly in this study are generally used in developed areas, and particularly on turfgrass. Pesticide concentrations were generally higher, and the numbers of compounds were generally larger, in samples from the Kisco River than in samples from the Middle Branch, probably because the Kisco River drainage has a greater population density and is more extensively developed. Four pesticides (2,4-D, 2,4-D-methyl, dicamba and metalaxyl) were detected in at least one sample from the Kisco River at a concentration > 1 mug litre(-1), and no pesticides were detected at concentrations > 0.4 mug litre(-1) in Middle Branch samples. No human-health-based water-quality standards were exceeded by samples from either site in this study, but samples from the Kisco River contained four insecticides (carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon and malathion) and one herbicide (2,4-D) in concentrations that exceeded water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life. The highest concentrations of most compounds occurred during stormflows in both streams in June, September and December, 2000. The lowest concentrations of most compounds at both sites occurred during baseflows from October 2000 through February 2001, even though the concentrations of many compounds increased substantially at the Kisco River site during stormflows in November and December. Detailed data on the variability of pesticide concentrations during stormflows indicate that there may be two sources of pesticides in the Kisco River watershed: (1) elevated concentrations of pesticides during peak flows that occur early in stormflows likely reflect runoff from paved areas, and (2) elevated concentrations during peak flows that occur later in stormflows from areas with lesser amounts of pavement. Data from the Kisco River indicate that the relation between storm discharge and pesticide concentrations varies among compounds, in part because of variation in seasonal application patterns. These variations in the timing of application result in not all stormflows producing increased concentrations of pesticides. Overall, these results indicate the importance of stormflow sampling throughout the year in assessing pesticide fate and transport in urbanized, developed areas. Published in 2004 for SCI by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM pjphilli@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 60 IS 6 BP 531 EP 543 DI 10.1002/ps.879 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 823YG UT WOS:000221649700003 PM 15198325 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Bentley, TC Correll, JC AF Anderson, R. C. Bentley, T. C. Correll, J. C. TI Population diversity of the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp koae, the pathogen of Koa dieback in Hawaii SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Anderson, R. C.] USGS Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Bentley, T. C.; Correll, J. C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500026 ER PT J AU Twedt, DJ AF Twedt, DJ TI Stand development on reforested bottomlands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE afforestation; Bottomland Hardwood Forest; plantations; Mississippi Alluvial Valley; oaks; reforestation; tree establishment ID HARDWOOD REFORESTATION; FOREST; BIRDS AB Reforestation of bottomland hardwood sites in the southeastern United States has markedly increased in recent years due, in part, to financial incentives provided by conservation programs. Currently > 250,000 ha of marginal farmland have been returned to hardwood forests. I observed establishment of trees and shrubs on 205 reforested bottomlands: 133 sites were planted primarily with oak species (Quercus spp.), 60 sites were planted with pulpwood producing species (Populus deltoides, Liquidambar styraciflua, or Platanus occidentalis), and 12 sites were not planted (i.e., passive regeneration). Although oak sites were planted with more species, sites planted with pulpwood species were more rapidly colonized by additional species. The density of naturally colonizing species exceeded that of planted species but density of invaders decreased rapidly with distance from forest edge. Trees were shorter in height on sites planted with oaks than on sites planted with pulpwood species but within a site, planted trees attained greater heights than did colonizing species. Thus, planted trees dominated the canopy of reforested sites as they matured. Planted species acted in concert with natural invasion to influence the current condition of woody vegetation on reforested sites. Cluster analysis of species importance values distinguished three woody vegetation conditions: (1) Populus deltoides stands (2) oak stands with little natural invasion by other tree species, and (3) stands dominated by planted or naturally invading species other than oaks. Increased diversity on reforested sites would likely result from (a) greater diversity of planted species, particularly when sites are far from existing forest edges and (b) thinning of planted trees as they attain closed canopies. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 2524 S Frontage Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 172 IS 2 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1023/B:VEGE.0000026344.29613.4a PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 817LI UT WOS:000221178600009 ER PT J AU Geluso, K AF Geluso, K TI Distribution of the white-ankled mouse (Peromyscus pectoralis) in New Mexico SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TEXAS AB The white-ankled mouse (Peromyscus pectoralis) was previously known only from Carlsbad Caverns National Park and nearby areas in extreme southeastern New Mexico. I discovered 15 new localities for R pectoralis, which extend its distribution 225 km north-northwest. This new distribution does not represent a recent northward expansion of P pectoralis in New Mexico but reflects the lack of mammalian surveys in the region and misidentification of museum specimens from past surveys. At present, the distribution of P. pectoralis in New Mexico includes the Guadalupe Mountains and lowland habitats between the Sacramento Mountains and Pecos River. C1 Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Arid Lands Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Geluso, K (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Arid Lands Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM kgeluso@unm.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 49 IS 2 BP 283 EP 288 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2004)049<0283:DOTWMP>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 830UI UT WOS:000222148800019 ER PT J AU Johnson, JL Ginsberg, HS Zhioua, E Whitworth, UG Markowski, D Hyland, KE Hu, RJ AF Johnson, JL Ginsberg, HS Zhioua, E Whitworth, UG Markowski, D Hyland, KE Hu, RJ TI Passive tick surveillance, dog seropositivity, and incidence of human Lyme disease SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE passive surveillance; Ixodes scapularis; Lyme disease; ticks; Borrelia burgdorferi ID GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; IXODES-DAMMINI; PREVALENCE; IXODIDAE; ACARI; DEER; RISK AB Data on nymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks submitted by the public to the University of Rhode Island Tick Research Laboratory for testing from 1991 to 2000 were compared with human case data from the Rhode Island Department of Health to determine the efficacy of passive tick surveillance at assessing human risk of Lyme disease. Numbers of ticks submitted were highly correlated with human cases by county (r = 0.998, n = 5 counties) and by town (r = 0.916, n = 37 towns), as were the numbers of positive ticks submitted (r = 0.989 by county, r = 0.787 by town). Human cases were correlated with ticks submitted by town each year, and with positive ticks in all but 2 years. Thus, passive tick surveillance effectively assessed geographical risk of human Lyme disease. In contrast, tick submissions through time were not correlated with human cases from year to year. Dog seropositivity was significantly correlated with human cases by county in both years tested, but by town in only one of two years. Numbers of ticks submitted were correlated with dog seropositivity by county but not by town, apparently because of high variability among towns with small sample sizes. Our results suggest that passive tick surveillance, using ticks submitted by the public for Lyme spirochete testing, can be used to assess the geographical distribution of Lyme disease risk, but cannot reliably predict Lyme incidence from year to year. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Ginsberg, HS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Woodward Hall,PLS, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM howard_ginsberg@usgs.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20RR164571] NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 4 IS 2 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1089/1530366041210710 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 833NX UT WOS:000222345800006 PM 15228814 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Bunnell, JE AF McCabe, GJ Bunnell, JE TI Precipitation and the occurrence of Lyme disease in the northeastern United States SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Lyme; Borreliosis; Ixodes; tick; climate; precipitation. ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; HABITAT SUITABILITY; IXODIDAE; CLIMATE; MASSACHUSETTS; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL; RICINUS AB The occurrence of Lyme disease is a growing concern in the United States, and various studies have been performed to understand the factors related to Lyme disease occurrence. In the United States, Lyme disease has occurred most frequently in the northeastern United States. Positive correlations between the number of cases of Lyme disease reported in the northeastern United States during the 1992-2002 period indicate that late spring/early summer precipitation was a significant climate factor affecting the occurrence of Lyme disease. When late spring/early summer precipitation was greater than average, the occurrence of Lyme disease was above average, possibly due to increased tick activity and survival rate during wet conditions. Temperature did not seem to explain the variability in Lyme disease reports for the northeastern United States. C1 Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 4 IS 2 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1089/1530366041210765 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 833NX UT WOS:000222345800007 PM 15228815 ER PT J AU Anderson, CD Roby, DD Collis, K AF Anderson, CD Roby, DD Collis, K TI Conservation implications of the large colony of double-crested cormorants on East Sand Island, Columbia River estuary, Oregon, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE double-crested Cormorant; Phalacrocorax auritus albocilialus; colony size; population decline; Pacific coast ID PREDATION; COAST; SIZE AB The breeding colony of the Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) on East Sand Island in the Columbia River estuary has grown dramatically over the last 13 years, in contrast to declines at other colonies along the coast of the Pacific Northwest. Immigration from other colonies has Occurred and the East Sand Island colony is now the largest for the species on the Pacific coast of North America. Despite substantial increases in the size of the East Sand Island colony, overall numbers of the West C oast subspecies (P. a. albociliatus) appear to be slowly increasing relative to the interior Population (P. a. auritus). Based on the most recent regional population data available, a conservative estimate indicates that the colony on East Sand Island represents over 30% of P. a. albociliatus breeding adults. We advocate that the subspecies P. a. albociliatus be considered a distinct population segment and managed according to overall Population size and trends for this subspecies. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Real Time Res, Bend, OR 97701 USA. RP Anderson, CD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM futurecormies@yahoo.ca NR 26 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0155:CIOTLC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 828VE UT WOS:000222000900005 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MH AF Reynolds, MH TI Habitat use and home range of the Laysan Teal on Laysan Island, Hawaii SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE home range; Anas laysanensis; island waterfowl; habitat selection; daily habitat use AB The 24-hour habitat use and home range of the Laysan Teal (Anas laysanensis), an endemic dabbling duck in Hawaii, was studied using radio telemetry during 1998-2000. Radios were retained for a mean of 40 days (0123 d; 73 adult birds radio-tagged). Comparisons of daily habitat use were made for birds in the morning, day, evening, and night. Most birds showed strong evidence of selective habitat use. Adults preferred the terrestrial vegetation (88%), and avoided the lake and wetlands during the day. At night, 63% of the birds selected the lake and wetlands. Nocturnal habitat use differed significantly between the non-breeding and breeding seasons, while the lake and wetland habitats were used more frequently during the non-breeding season. Most individuals showed strong site fidelity during the study, but habitat selection varied between individuals. Mean home range size was 9.78 ha (SE +/- 2.6) using the fixed kernel estimator (95% kernel; 15 birds, each with > 25 locations). The average minimum convex polygon size was 24 ha (SE +/- 5.6). The mean distance traveled between tracking locations was 178 in (SE +/- 30.5), with travel distances between points ranging tip to 1,649 in. Tracking duration varied from 31-121 days per bird (mean tracking duration 75 days). C1 Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Reynolds, MH (reprint author), Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, US Geol Survey, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM Michelle_Reynolds@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0183:HUAHRO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 828VE UT WOS:000222000900009 ER PT J AU Earnst, SL Rothe, TC AF Earnst, SL Rothe, TC TI Habitat selection by Tundra Swans on northern Alaska breeding grounds SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; breeding grounds; Cygnus columbianus; diet; habitat selection; Potamogeton; Tundra Swan ID AVAILABILITY; PRODUCTIVITY; MIGRATION; ECOLOGY; SCALE; GEESE; NWT; BAY AB Habitat selection by the Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) was evaluated on the Colville River Delta prior to oil field development (1982-1989). Tundra Swan territories comprised a lake, used for refuge and foraging, and terrestrial habitats and ponds near the lake's perimeter used for foraging and nesting. Tundra swan sightings from early and late summer aerial surveys were used to investigate habitat selection at the territory and within-territory scale. At the territory or lake scale, swan sightings/lake increased with lake size, and increased from discrete to tapped (i.e., connected to a river channel) to drained lakes within size categories. Overall, 49% of the variation in swan sightings/lake was explained by lake size and type, a size-x-type interaction term, and the proportion of lake perimeter comprised of Halophytic Ponds and Halophytic Wet Meadows. At the within-territory or within-lake scale, foraging swans significantly selected Halophytic Ponds, Halophytic Wet Meadows, and Fresh Ponds relative to Uplands; nesting swans significantly selected Halophytic Ponds and significantly avoided Fresh Wet Meadows relative to Uplands. Vegetation sampling indicated that sites used by Tundra Swans on river channels and tapped lakes were significantly more likely to have Sheathed Pondweed (Potamogeton vaginatus) than control sites. The three major components of Tundra Swan diet were Carex sedges, Sheathed Pondweed, and algae, together comprising 85% of identifiable plant fragments in feces. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Earnst, SL (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM Susan_Earnst@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 224 EP 233 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0224:HSBTSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 828VE UT WOS:000222000900014 ER PT J AU Takano, LL Haig, SM AF Takano, LL Haig, SM TI Distribution and abundance of the mariana subspecies of the Common Moorhen SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE abundance; distribution; Gallinida chloropus guami; Guam; Mariana Islands; Mariana Common Moorhen; movement; predation; wetlands ID POPULATION TRENDS AB Island-wide surveys for the endangered Mariana Subspecies of the Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus guami) were conducted on Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands from May through September 2001. Based on these counts, the total adult moorhen population is estimated to be 287, with 154, 41, 2, and 90 adult moorhens on Saipan, Tinian, Rota, and Guam, respectively. Results suggest an overall increase in birds on Saipan and Tinian, although moorhen numbers on Guam may be declining. High counts of moorhens on Lake Hagoi, Tinian, during the wet season Suggested movement from Saipan to Tinian occurs at the onset of the wet season each year. Conservation efforts need to consider Saipan and Tinian moorhens as a single demographic unit. Further, monitoring of moorhens, invasive vegetation management, and predator and ungulate control on wetlands are critical for this small population. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Takano, LL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 245 EP 250 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0245:DAAOTM]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 828VE UT WOS:000222000900017 ER PT J AU Turetsky, MR Manning, SW Wieder, RK AF Turetsky, MR Manning, SW Wieder, RK TI Dating recent peat deposits SO WETLANDS LA English DT Review DE dating; bogs; peat; C-14; wiggle matching; Pb-210; bulk density; ash; pollen; isothermal remnance magnetism; fire; soot balls; PAHs; PCBs; DDT; Toxaphene; Am-241; Cs-137; Bi-207 ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RADIOCARBON TIME-SCALE; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDE PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC LEAD DEPOSITION; HIGH-PRECISION CALIBRATION; SPHAGNUM-DOMINATED PEAT; FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION; GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; FLY-ASH PARTICLES AB Dating recent peat deposits (i.e., past similar to 300 yrs of peat accumulation) has emerged as an important yet challenging task for estimating rates of organic matter accumulation and atmospheric pollutant deposition in peatlands. Due to their ombrotrophic nature and the tendency for Sphagnum-derived peat to have high cation exchange capacity, peatlands are ideal archives of atmospheric pollution. However, efforts to establish depth-age relationships in peats are complicated by the difficulty of dating deposits reliably. Assumptions underlying the techniques available for dating peat deposits often are poorly understood and generally untested. We outline the approaches used to establish depth-age relationships in peat chronologies, including brief descriptions of the theory, assumptions, methodology, and logistics of each technique. We include both continuous dating methods (i.e., methods based on C-14, Pb-210, constant bulk density, acid-insoluble ash, moss increment, pollen density) and chrono-stratigraphic markers (i.e., fallout isotopes from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons testing, pollen stratigraphies, isothermal remanence magnetism, charcoal particles, spherical carbonaceous particles, PAHs, PCBs, DDT, toxaphene) that can be measured in peat and correlated temporally with known historical events. We also describe the relatively new radiocarbon application of wiggle matching and use hypothetical data to highlight the potential of this developing technique for dating recent peat. Until the uncertainty associated with each of these dating approaches is clarified, we recommend employing multiple techniques to allow for corroboration between different methods. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Fine Arts, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. Sch Human & Environm Sci, Dept Archaeol, Reading RG6 6AB, Berks, England. Villanova Univ, Dept Biol, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 962, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013 NR 365 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 7 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 324 EP 356 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0324:DRPD]2.0.CO;2 PG 33 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 835LO UT WOS:000222485000008 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Boettcher, SE Poiani, KA Guntenspergen, G AF Johnson, WC Boettcher, SE Poiani, KA Guntenspergen, G TI Influence of weather extremes on the water levels of glaciated prairie wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE prairie potholes; climate; wetland cover cycle; biodiversity ID CENTRAL NORTH-DAKOTA; POTHOLE WETLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HYDROLOGY; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; COMPLEX; DROUGHT; REGION; DEPTH AB Orchid Meadows is a long-term wetland research and monitoring site on the Coteau des Prairie in extreme east-central South Dakota, USA. It is a 65-ha Waterfowl Production Area with numerous temporary, seasonal, and semi-permanent wetlands. Ground water and surface water have been monitored at the site from 1987 to 1989 and from 1993 to the present. Vegetation has been monitored since 1993. The monitoring record includes two nearly back-to-back weather extremes: a drought in the late 1980s and a deluge in the early- to mid-1990s. Wetlands differed sharply in water levels between 3-yr dry and wet periods. For example, the time of inundation ranged among semi-permanent wetlands from 13 to 71 percent during the dry years to 100 percent during the wet years, while for seasonal wetlands, it was 0-29 percent and 46-100 percent, respectively, during dry and wet periods. Temporary wetlands had no surface water during the dry period but had standing water 0-67 percent of the time during the deluge years. The highest ground-water levels during the dry period were lower than most levels during the wet period. The difference in the water-table elevations of temporary wetlands between the periods was as much as 4 m. Ground-water levels near semi-permanent wetlands were considerably more stable (annual range of 0.3-1.6 m) than those near temporary wetlands (1.3-2.5 m). The results support the concept that weather extremes drive the wetland cover cycle and other key ecological processes in prairie wetlands. The new data from Orchid Meadows, together with other long-term data sets from North Dakota and Saskatchewan, Canada, are useful for many research purposes, including the parameterization and testing of models that simulate the effects of climate variability and climate change on prairie wetland ecosystems. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry Landscape & Pks, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry Landscape & Pks, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Carter_johnson@sdstate.edu NR 49 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 23 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 385 EP 398 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0385:IOWEOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 835LO UT WOS:000222485000012 ER PT J AU Euliss, NH Labaugh, JW Fredrickson, LH Mushet, DM Laubhan, MRK Swanson, GA Winter, TC Rosenberry, DO Nelson, RD AF Euliss, NH Labaugh, JW Fredrickson, LH Mushet, DM Laubhan, MRK Swanson, GA Winter, TC Rosenberry, DO Nelson, RD TI The wetland continuum: A conceptual framework for interpreting biological studies SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE amphibians; aquatic invertebrates; birds; potholes; wetlands; wildlife climate; hydrology; hydrophytes; geochemistry; prairie potholes; wetlands; wildlife ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; NORTH-DAKOTA; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; TEMPORARY WETLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEED BANKS; WATER; DYNAMICS; MACROINVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITIES AB We describe a conceptual model, the wetland continuum, which allows wetland managers, scientists, and ecologists to consider simultaneously the influence of climate and hydrologic setting on wetland biological communities. Although multidimensional, the wetland continuum is most easily represented as a two-dimensional gradient, with ground water and atmospheric water constituting the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively. By locating the position of a wetland on both axes of the continuum, the potential biological expression of the wetland can be predicted at any point in time. The model provides a framework useful in the organization and interpretation of biological data from wetlands by incorporating the dynamic changes these systems undergo as a result of normal climatic variation rather than placing them into static categories common to many wetland classification systems. While we developed this model from the literature available for depressional wetlands in the prairie pothole region of North America, we believe the concept has application to wetlands in many other geographic locations. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Missouri, Gaylord Mem Lab, Puxico, MO 63960 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Dakatos Area Off, Bismarck, ND 58502 USA. RP Euliss, NH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 70 TC 116 Z9 119 U1 7 U2 59 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 448 EP 458 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0448:TWCACF]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 835LO UT WOS:000222485000018 ER PT J AU Lewis, SB Falter, AR Titus, K AF Lewis, SB Falter, AR Titus, K TI A comparison of 3 methods for assessing raptor diet during the breeding season SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Accipiter gentilis; diet; food habits; methods; northern Goshawk; pellets; prey remains; raptors; remote videography ID SOUTHEAST ALASKA; FEEDING ECOLOGY; WEST GREENLAND; FOOD-HABITS; PREY; NESTS; DIGESTION; ACCIPITER; GOSHAWKS; FORESTS AB Video recording of prey deliveries to nests is a new technique for collecting data on raptor diet, but no thorough comparison of results from traditional methods based on collections of prey remains and pellets has been undertaken. We compared data from these 3 methods to determine relative merits of different methods for assessing raptor diet as part of a study of the breeding-season diet of northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) in Southeast Alaska. We applied these methods to 5 nests during each of the northern goshawk breeding seasons of 1998 and 1999 and identified 1,540 prey from deliveries, 209 prey from remains, and 209 prey from pellets. The proportions of birds and mammals varied among techniques, as did relative proportions of prey groups and age groups. Prey remains and pellets gave the least-similar diet descriptions. Over 2-day intervals during which data were collected using all 3 methods, prey-delivery data gave more individual prey and prey categories than the 2 other sources of information. We found that prey were not directly tracked in either prey remains or pellets compared with prey delivery videography. Analysis of prey-delivery videography provided the most complete description of diet, and we recommend that studies attempting to describe diet use this technique, at least as part of their methodology. C1 Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83825 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. RP Lewis, SB (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, POB 240020, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. EM steve_lewis@fishgame.state.ak.us NR 65 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 32 IS 2 BP 373 EP 385 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[373:ACOMFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 838GP UT WOS:000222701800009 ER PT J AU McAuley, DG Clugston, DA Longcore, JR AF McAuley, DG Clugston, DA Longcore, JR TI Dynamic use of wetlands by black ducks and mallards: evidence against competitive exclusion SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE American black duck; Anas platyrhynchos; Anas rubripes; breeding; competitive exclusion; consistent use index; mallard; waterfowl; waterfowl survey; wetland use ID SYMPATRIC FEMALE MALLARDS; NOVA-SCOTIA; FORESTED ENVIRONMENT; INCREASING MALLARDS; BREEDING-SEASON; ANAS-RUBRIPES; HABITAT USE; SURVIVAL; MAINE; HYBRIDIZATION AB The decline of the American black duck (Alias rubripes) has been attributed to competition from mallards (A. platyrhynchos) that led to exclusive use of fertile wetlands by mallards. Data from annual breeding waterfowl surveys provide instantaneous, single observations of breeding pairs, which are used to estimate breeding population size and evaluate the condition of habitat. Data from these surveys have been used to document habitat use by black ducks and mallards. We used quiet-observation surveys from elevated platforms to study sympatric black ducks and mallards in northern Maine during the breeding season. Our objectives were to document occupancy of wetlands by breeding black ducks and mallards throughout the day during prenesting and early nesting periods to determine whether 1) wetlands were occupied by only a single species, 2) pairs of the same species occupied wetlands throughout the period, and 3) single observations of short duration adequately determine numbers and species using a wetland. We observed ducks at 5-minute intervals from elevated platforms on wetland margins to determine numbers and species of indicated pairs using each wetland over time. We visited 80% of the wetlands greater than or equal to2 times, with mean total time per wetland averaging 267 minutes. For each wetland we determined the most frequently observed grouping of black ducks and mallards from all combinations recorded during all intervals (e.g., I black duck [BD] pair during 9 intervals; 2 mallard [MA] pairs and I BD pair during 22 intervals; 0 pairs during 3 intervals). A single pair, a lone male, or no ducks were recorded during 34% of the 5-minute intervals. For wetlands with greater than or equal to2 hours of observations (n = 65), all but 2 were used by greater than or equal to2 different combinations of ducks. On most wetlands, the most frequent grouping was observed during <40% of the intervals. To simulate aerial surveys, we randomly selected I 5-minute interval for each wetland. On average, the number of indicated pairs recorded during random 5-minute intervals was less than half of the total black duck pairs (2.0 vs. 4.4, P = 0.009), total mallard pairs (1.1 vs. 2.6, P = 0.0001), and pairs of both species combined (3.2 vs. 7.0, P = 0.0001) determined for each wetland based on total observations. On wetlands used by both species, random counts detected one or both species 49% of the time. Although 53 of the 65 wetlands observed greater than or equal to2 hours were used by both species, random visits detected both species on only 27 wetlands. Our data do not support assertions that the mallard has caused the decline of black ducks through interspecific competition for habitat, or that wetlands are occupied continuously by single pairs that aggressively exclude conspecifics. Our data indicated that single, short-duration visits with disturbance to wetlands are unreliable and inappropriate to document seasonal use of wetlands by breeding black ducks and mallards. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP McAuley, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 5768 S Annex A, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM dan_mcauley@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 32 IS 2 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[465:DUOWBB]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 838GP UT WOS:000222701800017 ER PT J AU Smith, LM Haukos, DA Prather, RM AF Smith, LM Haukos, DA Prather, RM TI Avian response to vegetative pattern in playa wetlands during winter SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE hemi-marsh; playas; Southern High Plains; waterfowl; wetlands ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; MOIST-SOIL MANAGEMENT; MARSH; PRAIRIE; HABITAT; DUCKS; LAKES; SIZE AB Breeding-bird communities inhabiting northern prairie wetlands have been shown to have higher densities and diversities in wetlands with a well-interspersed 50:50 vegetative cover:water ratio than in those wetlands with a higher or lower proportion of cover. Potential reasons for such a response include increased food or visual isolation and spacing of breeding birds. We manipulated cover:water ratios (75:25, 50:50, 25:75) in Southern Great Plains playas and examined avian response (i.e., species richness, nonwaterfowl bird density, and waterfowl density) to these patterns in winter. We found the highest species richness and generally the highest waterfowl densities in the 50:50 cover:water treatment. Because the amount of vegetative food was similar among treatments and waterfowl inhabiting playas during winter are forming pair bonds, it is most likely that the optimal edge and visual isolation provided in the 50:50 cover:water treatment contributed to its high use and richness. Nonwaterfowl bird density was not different among the treatments. Many nonwaterfowl birds using playas in winter, such as McCown's longspur (Calcarius mccownii), occur as nonbreeding feeding flocks, are not forming pair bonds, and likely are not responding to particular cover:water treatments. Playa wetland biologists should create a well-interspersed 50:50 cover:water ratio to optimize waterfowl use and avian species richness. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Smith, LM (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM L.M.Smith@ttu.edu NR 32 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 32 IS 2 BP 474 EP 480 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[474:ARTVPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 838GP UT WOS:000222701800018 ER PT J AU Vreeland, JK Diefenbach, DR Wallingford, BD AF Vreeland, JK Diefenbach, DR Wallingford, BD TI Survival rates, mortality causes, and habitats of Pennsylvania white-tailed deer fawns SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE black bear; Canis latrans; coyote; fawn; habitat; hunting; landscape; mortality; Odocoileus virginianus; Pennsylvania; predation; survival; Ursus americanus; white-tailed deer ID BEAR PREDATION; SOUTH TEXAS; BLACK BEAR; LANDSCAPE; BEHAVIOR; PATTERNS; ILLINOIS; SUCCESS; DESIGN; MODEL AB Estimates of survival and cause-specific mortality of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns are important to population management. We quantified cause-specific mortality, survival rates, and habitat characteristics related to fawn survival in a forested landscape and an agricultural landscape in central Pennsylvania. We captured and radiocollared neonatal (<3 weeks) fawns in 2000-2001 and monitored fawns from capture until death, transmitter failure or collar release, or the end of the study. We estimated survivor-ship functions and assessed influence on fawn survival of road density, habitat edge density, habitat patch diversity, and proportion of herbaceous habitat. We captured 110 fawns in the agricultural landscape and 108 fawns in the forested landscape. At 9 weeks after capture, fawn survival was 72.4% (95% Cl = 63.3-80.0%) in the agricultural landscape and 57.2% (95% Cl = 47.5-66.3%) in the forested landscape. Thirty-four-week survival was 52.9% (95% Cl = 42.7-62.8%) in the agricultural landscape and 37.9% (95% Cl = 27.7-49.3%) in the forested landscape. We detected no relationship between fawn survival and road density, percent herbaceous cover, habitat edge density, or habitat patch diversity (all P>0.05). Predation accounted for 46.2% (95% Cl = 37.6-56.7%) of 106 mortalities through 34 weeks. We attributed 32.7% (95% Cl = 21.9-48.6%) and 36.7% (95% Cl = 25.5-52.9%) of 49 predation events to black bears (Ursus americanus) and coyotes (Canis latrans), respectively. Natural causes, excluding predation, accounted for 27.4% (95% Cl = 20.1-37.3) of mortalities. Fawn survival in Pennsylvania was comparable to reported survival in forested and agricultural regions in northern portions of the white-tailed deer range. We have no evidence to suggest that the fawn survival rates we observed were preventing population growth. Because white-tailed deer are habitat generalists, home-range-scale habitat characteristics may be unrelated to fawn survival; therefore, future studies should consider landscape-related characteristics on fawn survival. C1 Penn Game Commiss, Bellefonte, PA 16823 USA. Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn Game Commiss, Spring Mills, PA 16875 USA. RP Vreeland, JK (reprint author), Penn Game Commiss, 743 Forest Ave, Bellefonte, PA 16823 USA. EM jvreeland@state.pa.us NR 69 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 35 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 32 IS 2 BP 542 EP 553 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[542:SRMCAH]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 838GP UT WOS:000222701800026 ER PT J AU Lindzey, F AF Lindzey, F TI James S. Lindzey - 1918-2003 - Researcher, educator - Our respects SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Univ Wyoming, USGS, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Lindzey, F (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, USGS, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, 1000 E Univ, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 32 IS 2 BP 611 EP 611 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[611:RE]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 838GP UT WOS:000222701800034 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Takekawa, JY Kruse, KL Orthmeyer, DL Yee, JL Ely, CR Ward, DH Bollinger, KS Mulcahy, DM AF Ackerman, JT Takekawa, JY Kruse, KL Orthmeyer, DL Yee, JL Ely, CR Ward, DH Bollinger, KS Mulcahy, DM TI Using radiotelemetry to monitor cardiac response of free-living tule greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons elgasi) to human disturbance SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DAILY ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; HEART-RATE; AIRCRAFT NOISE; BUFFER ZONES; BLACK DUCK; RATES; DISTANCE; CANADA AB We monitored the heart rates of free-living Tule Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons elgasi) during human disturbances on their wintering range in the Sacramento Valley of California during 1997. We used implanted radio transmitters to record the heart rates of geese as an observer experimentally approached them at a constant walking speed. On average, geese flushed when observers were 47 m (range: 25-100 m) away. Change point regression was used to identify the point in time when heart rate abruptly increased prior to flushing and when heart rate began to level off in flight after flushing. Heart rates of geese increased as the observer approached them during five of six disturbance trials, from 114.1 +/- 6.6 beats/min during the observer's initial approach to 154.8 +/- 7.4 beats/min just prior to flushing at the first change point. On average, goose heart rates began to increase most rapidly 5 see prior to taking flight, and continued to increase rapidly for 4 see after flushing until reaching flight speed. Heart rate was 456.2 +/- 8.4 beats/min at the second change point, which occurred immediately after flushing, and 448.3 +/- 9.5 beats/min 1 min later during flight. Although goose heart rates increased as an observer approached, the largest physiological change occurred during a 9-sec period (range: 1.0-15.7 sec) immediately before and after flushing, when heart rates nearly tripled. C1 Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 116 IS 2 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1676/03-110 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 862OA UT WOS:000224499200003 ER PT J AU Johnson, OW Adler, CD Ayres, LA Bishop, MA Doster, JE Johnson, PM Kienholz, RJ Savage, SE AF Johnson, OW Adler, CD Ayres, LA Bishop, MA Doster, JE Johnson, PM Kienholz, RJ Savage, SE TI Radio-tagged Pacific Golden-Plovers: Further insight concerning the Hawaii-Alaska migratory link SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL AB We radio-tagged 55 Pacific Golden-Plovers (Pluvialis fulva) in spring 2001-2003 on wintering grounds in Hawaii. Following their northward migration (most birds deserted winter territories in late April), we relocated 15 golden-plovers in three regions of Alaska: Copper River Delta, King Salmon, and Kotzebue. One individual made the transpacific flight from Oahu to the Alaska Peninsula in a minimum time of 70 hr at a minimum flight speed of 56 km/hr. Our findings, together with earlier records, indicate a major Hawaii-Alaska migratory connection for this species, and suggest that plovers wintering on Oahu nest throughout the known Alaska breeding range. Post-breeding, 84% of the sample birds returned to Oahu and reoccupied their previous winter territories. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Peninsula Becharof Natl Wildlife Refuge, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Selawik Natl Wildlife Refuge, Kotzebue, AK 99752 USA. Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. RP Johnson, OW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM owjohnson2105@aol.com NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 116 IS 2 BP 158 EP 162 DI 10.1676/03-120 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 862OA UT WOS:000224499200005 ER PT J AU Fend, SV Ohtaka, A AF Fend, SV Ohtaka, A TI Yamaguchia toyensis n. sp., n. gen.(Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) from profundal lake habitat in Japan. SO ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Annelida; Clitellata; Oligochaeta; Lumbriculidae; caldera lakes ID OLIGOCHAETA; ANNELIDA AB Yamaguchia toyensis n. sp., n. gen. is described from an oligotrophic caldera lake, Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan. Although the taxonomic affinities are unknown, the genus differs from all other Lumbriculidae in having the combination of testes and atria in X, a single, prosoporous male funnel per atrium, and spermathecae in XI. Unlike other Japanese lakes that have thus far been surveyed, Lake Toya supports abundant populations of lumbriculids in the profundal benthos. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Hirosaki Univ, Fac Educ, Dept Nat Sci, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368560, Japan. RP Fend, SV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,M-S465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM svfend@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ZOOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA TOSHIN-BUILDING, HONGO 2-27-2, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 0289-0003 J9 ZOOL SCI JI Zool. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 6 BP 677 EP 683 DI 10.2108/zsj.21.677 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 848KP UT WOS:000223466600009 PM 15226590 ER PT J AU Klaucke, I Masson, DG Kenyon, NH Gardner, JV AF Klaucke, I Masson, DG Kenyon, NH Gardner, JV TI Sedimentary processes of the lower Monterey Fan channel and channel-mouth lobe SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE submarine channel; channel-mouth lobe; monterey fan; sidescan sonar; sediment-gravity flow; sand ID DENSITY TURBIDITY CURRENTS; OUTER MISSISSIPPI FAN; DEEP-SEA FAN; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; DEPOSITIONAL LOBE; FLOW PROCESSES; GRAVITY FLOWS; SUBMARINE FAN; DEBRIS FLOWS; MODELS AB The distribution of deposits, sediment transport pathways and processes on the lower Monterey Fan channel and channel-mouth lobe (CML) are studied through the integration of GLORIA and TOBI sidescan sonar data with 7-kHz subbottom profiler records and sediment cores for ground-truthing. The lower Monterey channel is characterised by an up to 30-m-deep channel with poorly developed levees and alternating muddy and silty muddy overbank deposits. The channel is discontinuous, disappearing where gradients are less than about 1:350. Ground-truthing of the large CML shows that the entire CML is characterised by widespread deposits of generally fine sand, with coarser sand at the base of turbidites. Sand is particularly concentrated in finger-like areas of low-backscatter intensity and is interpreted as the result of non-turbulent sediment-gravity flows depositing metres thick massive, fine sand. TOBI sidescan sonar data reveal recent erosional features in the form of scours, secondary channels, large flow slides, and trains of blocks at the distal end of the CML. Erosion is probably related to increasing gradient as the CML approaches Murray Fracture zone and to differential loading of sandy submarine fan deposits onto pelagic clays. Reworking of older flow slides by sediment transport processes on the lobe produces trains of blocks that are several metres in diameter and aligned parallel to the flow direction. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Challenger Div, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Klaucke, I (reprint author), Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Challenger Div, Empress Dock, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM iklaucke@iftn-geomar.de RI Klaucke, Ingo/A-2441-2010 NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAY 31 PY 2004 VL 206 IS 1-4 SI 1 BP 181 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.02.006 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 832HK UT WOS:000222257900010 ER PT J AU Fildani, A Normark, WR AF Fildani, A Normark, WR TI Late Quaternary evolution of channel and lobe complexes of Monterey Fan SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE submarine fan; deep-water turbidites; channel-levee complex; detached lobe; depositional processes ID DEEP-SEA FAN; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; SUBMARINE FAN; FLOW AB The modern Monterey submarine fan, one of the largest deep-water deposits off the western US, is composed of two major turbidite systems: the Neogene Lower Turbidite System (LTS) and the late Quaternary Upper Turbidite System (UTS). The areally extensive LTS is a distal deposit with low-relief, poorly defined channels, overbank, and lower-fan elements. The younger UTS comprises almost half of the total fan volume and was initiated in the late Pleistocene from canyons in the Monterey Bay area. Rapidly prograding high-relief, channel-levee complexes dominated deposition early in the UTS with periodic avulsion events. In the last few 100 ka, much of the sediment bypassed the northern fan as a result of allocyclic controls, and deposition is simultaneously occurring on a sandy lobe with low-relief channels and on an adjacent detached muddier lobe built from reconfinement of overbank flow from the northern high-relief channels. During the relatively short-lived UTS deposition, at least seven different channel types and two lobe types were formed. This study provides a significant reinterpretation of the depositional history of Monterey Fan by incorporating all available unpublished geophysical data. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fildani, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Bldg 320,Braun Hall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM fildani@pangea.stanford.edu; wnormark@usgs.gov RI Fildani, Andrea/E-5956-2011 NR 37 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAY 31 PY 2004 VL 206 IS 1-4 SI 1 BP 199 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.03.001 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 832HK UT WOS:000222257900011 ER PT J AU Palmer, M Bernhardt, E Chornesky, E Collins, S Dobson, A Duke, C Gold, B Jacobson, R Kingsland, S Kranz, R Mappin, M Martinez, ML Micheli, F Morse, J Pace, M Pascual, M Palumbi, S Reichman, OJ Simons, A Townsend, A Turner, M AF Palmer, M Bernhardt, E Chornesky, E Collins, S Dobson, A Duke, C Gold, B Jacobson, R Kingsland, S Kranz, R Mappin, M Martinez, ML Micheli, F Morse, J Pace, M Pascual, M Palumbi, S Reichman, OJ Simons, A Townsend, A Turner, M TI Ecology for a crowded planet SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ecol Soc Amer, Washington, DC USA. David & Lucile Packard Fdn, Los Altos, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Inst Ecol, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Stanford Univ, Pacific Grove, CA USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. COMPASS, Washington, DC USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Palmer, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mpalmer@umd.edu RI Bernhardt, Emily/B-4541-2010; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011; OI Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X; Pace, Michael/0000-0001-5945-6131; Morse, Jennifer/0000-0001-8872-4940 NR 13 TC 224 Z9 267 U1 8 U2 107 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 28 PY 2004 VL 304 IS 5675 BP 1251 EP 1252 DI 10.1126/science.1095780 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 824EV UT WOS:000221669600023 PM 15166349 ER PT J AU Rathbun, RE Rostad, CE AF Rathbun, RE Rostad, CE TI Lateral mixing in the Mississippi River below the confluence with the Ohio River SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lateral diffusion factor; lateral dispersion coefficient; large rivers; stream tube models AB Lateral dispersion coefficients for two dispersants were determined for three sections of the Mississippi River below the confluence with the Ohio River. The dispersants were the specific conductance and an industrial organic compound (trimethyltriazinetrione). Three models based on the stream tube concept were used, and lateral dispersion coefficients computed from these models were comparable. Coefficients for the two dispersants also were comparable. Lateral dispersion coefficients were consistent with expectations based on the characteristics of the river sections. Overall average values were 0.444 m(2)/s for a relatively straight section of river, 1.69 m(2)/s for a section containing two sharp bends, and 2.22 m(2)/s for a long section containing four sharp bends and several small islands. The lateral dispersion coefficients measured for the Mississippi River are consistent with literature data and a water discharge relation. Results of this study provide lateral dispersion coefficients for a water discharge not previously reported in the literature as well as new values for the Mississippi River. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Rathbun, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM cerostad@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 28 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 5 AR W05207 DI 10.1029/2003WR002381 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 827PZ UT WOS:000221914200001 ER PT J AU Hsu, TJ Hanes, DM AF Hsu, TJ Hanes, DM TI Effects of wave shape on sheet flow sediment transport SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; bed shear stress; sheet flow ID SWASH ZONE; SANDBAR MIGRATION; OSCILLATORY FLOW; SHEAR-STRESS; FLUID; NEARSHORE; MODEL; ENERGY; LAYER; BEACH AB A two-phase model is implemented to study the effects of wave shape on the transport of coarse-grained sediment in the sheet flow regime. The model is based on balance equations for the average mass, momentum, and fluctuation energy for both the fluid and sediment phases. Model simulations indicate that the responses of the sheet flow, such as the velocity profiles, the instantaneous bed shear stress, the sediment flux, and the total amount of the mobilized sediment, cannot be fully parameterized by quasi-steady free-stream velocity and may be correlated with the magnitude of local horizontal pressure gradient (or free-stream acceleration). A net sediment flux in the direction of wave advance is obtained for both skewed and saw-tooth wave shapes typical of shoaled and breaking waves. The model further suggests that at critical values of the horizontal pressure gradient, there is a failure event within the bed that mobilizes more sediment into the mobile sheet and enhances the sediment flux. Preliminary attempts to parameterize the total bed shear stress and the total sediment flux appear promising. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Western Coastal & Marine Geol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Hsu, TJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, MS 11, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM thsu@whoi.edu; hanes@ufl.edu NR 42 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 25 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C5 AR C05025 DI 10.1029/2003JC002075 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 827OW UT WOS:000221911200002 ER PT J AU Oren, O Yechieli, Y Bohlke, JK Dody, A AF Oren, O Yechieli, Y Bohlke, JK Dody, A TI Contamination of groundwater under cultivated fields in an and environment, central Arava Valley, Israel SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater; arid environment; nitrate; N isotope; contamination; agriculture ID NITROGEN-ISOTOPE; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; SACRAMENTO VALLEY; COASTAL-PLAIN; WATER; AQUIFER; IRRIGATION; CALIFORNIA; POLLUTION; REGION AB The purpose of this study is to obtain a better understanding of groundwater contamination processes in an and environment (precipitation of 50 mm/year) due to cultivation. Additional aims were to study the fate of N, K, and other ions along the whole hydrological system including the soil and vadose zone, and to compare groundwater in its natural state with contaminated groundwater (through the drilling of several wells). A combination of physical, chemical, and isotopic analyses was used to describe the hydrogeological system and the recharge trends of water and salts to the aquifers. The results indicate that intensive irrigation and fertilization substantially affected the quantity and quality of groundwater recharge. Low irrigation efficiency of about 50% contributes approximately 3.5-4 million m(3)/year to the hydrological system, which corresponds to 0.65 m per year of recharge in the irrigated area, by far the most significant recharge mechanism. Two main contamination processes were identified, both linked to human activity: (1) salinization due to circulation of dissolved salts in the irrigation water itself, mainly chloride, sulfate, sodium and calcium, and (2) direct input of nitrate and potassium mainly from fertilizers. The nitrate concentrations in a local shallow groundwater lens range between 100 and 300 mg/l and in the upper sub-aquifer are over 50 mg/l. A major source of nitrate is fertilizer N in the excess irrigation water. The isotopic compositions of delta (15)N-NO(3) (range of 4.9-14.8parts per thousand,) imply also possible contributions from nearby sewage ponds and/or manure. Other evidence of contamination of the local groundwater lens includes high concentrations of K (20-120 mg/l) and total organic carbon (about 10 mg/l). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Oren, O (reprint author), Geol Survey Israel, 30 Malchei Yisrael Str, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. EM orly.oren@mail.gsi.gov.il; yechieli@mail.gsi.gov.il; jkbohlke@usg.gov; dodik@bgumail.bgu.ac.il NR 42 TC 72 Z9 82 U1 6 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 25 PY 2004 VL 290 IS 3-4 BP 312 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.12.016 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 813WF UT WOS:000220936500011 ER PT J AU Kulongoski, JT Hilton, DR Selaolo, ET AF Kulongoski, JT Hilton, DR Selaolo, ET TI Climate variability in the Botswana Kalahari from the late Pleistocene to the present day SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; 40 KYR BP; NOBLE-GASES; GROUND-WATER; SOUTH-AFRICA; PALEOTEMPERATURES; HELIUM; OCEAN AB Noble gas concentrations and oxygen isotopes in groundwaters from the Kalahari Desert in Botswana contain a similar to45 ka paleotemperature record indicating that mean annual temperatures during the period from 24 ka BP to 45 ka BP were 5.2 +/- 1.5degreesC cooler than from similar to16 ka to the present day. In addition to enrichments in oxygen-18, groundwaters recharged after 16 ka BP also contain higher concentrations of excess-air (entrained air bubbles). Taken together, the noble gas, oxygen isotope, and excess-air based paleoclimate archives provide evidence that the high interior desert of southern Africa was both cooler and dryer prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Cool, dry conditions also suggest a weaker hydrological cycle in southern Africa. This is contrary to the predicted enhancement of monsoon strength by increased summer insolation in the southern tropics induced by orbital precession during the LGM. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Fluids & Volatiles Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Dept Geol Survey, Lobatse, Botswana. RP Kulongoski, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5735 Kearny Villa Rd,Suite O, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM kulongos@usgs.gov RI Hilton, David/B-7611-2008; OI Kulongoski, Justin/0000-0002-3498-4154 NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 22 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 10 AR L10204 DI 10.1029/2003GL019238 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 823KE UT WOS:000221609800002 ER PT J AU Parsons, T AF Parsons, T TI Recalculated probability of M >= 7 earthquakes beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE earthquake probability; Sea of Marmara; seismic hazard; Turkey; stress interaction; North Anatolian fault ID NORTH-ANATOLIAN FAULT; 17 AUGUST 1999; IZMIT EARTHQUAKE; CONTINENTAL EXTENSION; SEISMIC HAZARD; WESTERN TURKEY; STRESS; AFTERSHOCKS; REGION; RUPTURE AB New earthquake probability calculations are made for the Sea of Marmara region and the city of Istanbul, providing a revised forecast and an evaluation of time-dependent interaction techniques. Calculations incorporate newly obtained bathymetric images of the North Anatolian fault beneath the Sea of Marmara [Le Pichon et al., 2001; Armijo et al., 2002]. Newly interpreted fault segmentation enables an improved regional A. D. 1500 2000 earthquake catalog and interevent model, which form the basis for time-dependent probability estimates. Calculations presented here also employ detailed models of coseismic and postseismic slip associated with the 17 August 1999 M = 7.4 Izmit earthquake to investigate effects of stress transfer on seismic hazard. Probability changes caused by the 1999 shock depend on Marmara Sea fault-stressing rates, which are calculated with a new finite element model. The combined 2004-2034 regional Poisson probability of M greater than or equal to 7 earthquakes is similar to38%, the regional time-dependent probability is 44 +/- 18%, and incorporation of stress transfer raises it to 53 +/- 18%. The most important effect of adding time dependence and stress transfer to the calculations is an increase in the 30 year probability of a M greater than or equal to 7 earthquake affecting Istanbul. The 30 year Poisson probability at Istanbul is 21%, and the addition of time dependence and stress transfer raises it to 41 +/- 14%. The ranges given on probability values are sensitivities of the calculations to input parameters determined by Monte Carlo analysis; 1000 calculations are made using parameters drawn at random from distributions. Sensitivities are large relative to mean probability values and enhancements caused by stress transfer, reflecting a poor understanding of large-earthquake aperiodicity. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 71 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 22 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B5 AR B05304 DI 10.1029/2003JB002667 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 823LH UT WOS:000221613200001 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA Mertes, LAK Siegel, DA Mackenzie, C AF Warrick, JA Mertes, LAK Siegel, DA Mackenzie, C TI Estimating suspended sediment concentrations in turbid coastal waters of the Santa Barbara Channel with SeaWiFS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; IMAGERY AB A technique is presented for estimating suspended sediment concentrations of turbid coastal waters with remotely sensed multi-spectral data. The method improves upon many standard techniques, since it incorporates analyses of multiple wavelength bands (four for Sea-viewing Wide Field of view Sensor (SeaWiFS)) and a nonlinear calibration, which produce highly accurate results (expected errors are approximately +/-10%). Further, potential errors produced by erroneous atmospheric calibration in excessively turbid waters and influences of dissolved organic materials, chlorophyll pigments and atmospheric aerosols are limited by a dark pixel subtraction and removal of the violet to blue wavelength bands. Results are presented for the Santa Barbara Channel, California where suspended sediment concentrations ranged from 0-200+ mg l(-1) (+/-20 mg l(-1)) immediately after large river runoff events. The largest plumes were observed 10-30 km off the coast and occurred immediately following large El Nino winter floods. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Interdepartmental Grad Program Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov RI Liu, Cheng-Chien/E-4859-2011 NR 24 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAY 20 PY 2004 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1995 EP 2002 DI 10.1080/01431160310001619535 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 810QJ UT WOS:000220718500013 ER PT J AU Gallo, KP Elvidge, CD Yang, L Reed, BC AF Gallo, KP Elvidge, CD Yang, L Reed, BC TI Trends in night-time city lights and vegetation indices associated with urbanization within the conterminous USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE IMAGERY; AREA AB Two datasets that depict the night-time light emitted from the conterminous USA during 1992/1993 and 2000 were compared for changes in light emission. The locations of observed differences in night-time light during this interval were examined for differences observed in a time-integrated vegetation index associated with net primary production. Just over 13% of the land area within the study region exhibited greater night-time light emitted in 2000 compared to 1992/1993. The locations of greater emitted light were found to have decreased values of the time-integrated vegetation index compared to locations that did not exhibit significant increases in emitted light. The observed decrease in the time-integrated vegetation index within the regions of greater emitted light is likely to be due to the change in land cover (increased urbanization) during this interval. The results suggest that the emitted light data were more useful for assessment of urban growth than the integrated vegetation index data. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. SAIC EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gallo, KP (reprint author), USGS EROS Data Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM Kevin.P.Gallo@noaa.gov RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAY 20 PY 2004 VL 25 IS 10 BP 2003 EP 2007 DI 10.1080/01431160310001640964 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 810QJ UT WOS:000220718500014 ER PT J AU Mueller, K Hough, SE Bilham, R AF Mueller, K Hough, SE Bilham, R TI Analysing the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes with recent instrumentally recorded aftershocks SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; SEISMIC ZONE; MAGNITUDE; INTENSITIES; FAULT AB Although dynamic stress changes associated with the passage of seismic waves are thought to trigger earthquakes at great distances, more than 60 per cent of all aftershocks appear to be triggered by static stress changes within two rupture lengths of a mainshock(1-5). The observed distribution of aftershocks may thus be used to infer details of mainshock rupture geometry(6). Aftershocks following large mid-continental earthquakes, where background stressing rates are low, are known to persist for centuries(7,8), and models based on rate-and-state friction laws provide theoretical support for this inference(9). Most past studies of the New Madrid earthquake sequence have indeed assumed ongoing microseismicity to be a continuing aftershock sequence(10-12). Here we use instrumentally recorded aftershock locations and models of elastic stress change to develop a kinematically consistent rupture scenario for three of the four largest earthquakes of the 1811-1812 New Madrid sequence. Our results suggest that these three events occurred on two contiguous faults, producing lobes of increased stress near fault intersections and end points, in areas where present-day microearthquakes have been hitherto interpreted as evidence of primary mainshock rupture. We infer that the remaining New Madrid mainshock may have occurred more than 200 km north of this region in the Wabash Valley of southern Indiana and Illinois-an area that contains abundant modern microseismicity, and where substantial liquefaction was documented by historic accounts. Our results suggest that future large mid-plate earthquake sequences may extend over a much broader region than previously suspected. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91030 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mueller, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Karl.Mueller@colorado.edu OI Bilham, Roger/0000-0002-5547-4102 NR 27 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 20 PY 2004 VL 429 IS 6989 BP 284 EP 288 DI 10.1038/nature02557 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 822AO UT WOS:000221505900039 PM 15152249 ER PT J AU Imanishi, K Ellsworth, WL Prejean, SG AF Imanishi, K Ellsworth, WL Prejean, SG TI Earthquake source parameters determined by the SAFOD Pilot Hole seismic array SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REPEATING EARTHQUAKES; BOREHOLE RECORDINGS; PARKFIELD; CALIFORNIA; FAULT; ATTENUATION; DEPTH AB We estimate the source parameters of #3 micro-earthquakes by jointly analyzing seismograms recorded by the 32-level, 3-component seismic array installed in the SAFOD Pilot Hole. We applied an inversion procedure to estimate spectral parameters for the omega-square model ( spectral level and corner frequency) and Q to displacement amplitude spectra. Because we expect spectral parameters and Q to vary slowly with depth in the well, we impose a smoothness constraint on those parameters as a function of depth using a linear first-difference operator. This method correctly resolves corner frequency and Q, which leads to a more accurate estimation of source parameters than can be obtained from single sensors. The stress drop of one example of the SAFOD target repeating earthquake falls in the range of typical tectonic earthquakes. C1 Geol Survey Japan, AIST, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USGS Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Imanishi, K (reprint author), Geol Survey Japan, AIST, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba Cent 7,1-1 Higashi 1 Chrome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. EM imani@ni.aist.go.jp RI Imanishi, Kazutoshi/M-3183-2016 OI Imanishi, Kazutoshi/0000-0002-3346-0009 NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 19 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 12 AR L12S09 DI 10.1029/2004GL019420 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 823KJ UT WOS:000221610300004 ER PT J AU Rice, KC Chanat, JG Hornberger, GM Webb, JR AF Rice, KC Chanat, JG Hornberger, GM Webb, JR TI Interpretation of concentration-discharge patterns in acid-neutralizing capacity during storm flow in three small, forested catchments in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Shenandoah National Park; concentration-discharge plots; discriminant function analysis acid-neutralizing capacity ID HEADWATER CATCHMENT; STREAMS; ACIDIFICATION; USA; HYDROCHEMISTRY; HYSTERESIS; CHEMISTRY; EVENTS; TRACER; UPLAND AB [1] Episodic concentration-discharge (c-Q) plots are a popular tool for interpreting the hydrochemical response of small, forested catchments. Application of the method involves assuming an underlying conceptual model of runoff processes and comparing observed c-Q looping patterns with those predicted by the model. We analyzed and interpreted c-Q plots of acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) for 133 storms collected over a 7-year period from three catchments in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Because of their underlying lithologies the catchments represent a gradient in both hydrologic and geochemical behavior, ranging from a flashy, acidic, poorly buffered catchment to a moderate, neutral, well-buffered catchment. The relative frequency of observed anticlockwise c-Q loops in each catchment decreased along this gradient. Discriminant function analysis indicated that prestorm base flow ANC was an important predictor of loop rotation direction; however, the strength of the predictive relationship decreased along the same gradient. The trends were consistent with several equally plausible three-component mixing models. Uncertainty regarding end-member timing and relative volume and possible time variation in end-member concentrations were key factors precluding identification of a unique model. The inconclusive results obtained on this large data set suggest that identification of underlying runoff mechanisms on the basis of a small number of c-Q plots without additional supporting evidence is likely to be misleading. C1 US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB B, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM kcrice@usgs.gov; jgc3n@virginia.edu; gmh3k@virginia.edu; rwebb@virginia.edu RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 19 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 5 AR W05301 DI 10.1029/2003WR002709 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 823LU UT WOS:000221614700001 ER PT J AU McPhee, DK Jachens, RC Wentworth, CM AF McPhee, DK Jachens, RC Wentworth, CM TI Crustal structure across the San Andreas Fault at the SAFOD site from potential field and geologic studies SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; PARKFIELD AB We present newly compiled magnetic, gravity, and geologic datasets from the Parkfield region around the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) pilot hole in order to help define the structure and geophysical setting of the San Andreas Fault (SAF). A 2-D cross section of the SAF zone at SAFOD, based on new, tightly spaced magnetic and gravity observations and surface geology, shows that as drilling proceeds NE toward the SAF, it is likely that at least 2 fault bounded magnetic slivers, possibly consisting of magnetic granitic rock, serpentinite, or unusually magnetic sandstone, will be encountered. The upper 2 km of the model is constrained by an order of magnitude increase in magnetic susceptibility at 1400 m depth observed in pilot hole measurements. NE of the SAF, a flat lying, tabular body of serpentinite at 2 km depth separates two masses of Franciscan rock and truncates against the SAF. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McPhee, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 245 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmcphee@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 18 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 12 AR L12S03 DI 10.1029/2003GL019363 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 823KG UT WOS:000221610000001 ER PT J AU Roecker, S Thurber, C McPhee, D AF Roecker, S Thurber, C McPhee, D TI Joint inversion of gravity and arrival time data from Parkfield: New constraints on structure and hypocenter locations near the SAFOD drill site SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; TRAVEL-TIMES; CALIFORNIA; ZONE; REGION AB Taking advantage of large datasets of both gravity and elastic wave arrival time observations available for the Parkfield, California region, we generated an image consistent with both types of data. Among a variety of strategies, the best result was obtained from a simultaneous inversion with a stability requirement that encouraged the perturbed model to remain close to a starting model consisting of a best fit to the arrival time data. The preferred model looks essentially the same as the best-fit arrival time model in areas where ray coverage is dense, with differences being greatest at shallow depths and near the edges of the model where ray paths are few. Earthquake locations change by no more than about 100 m, the general effect being migration of the seismic zone to the northeast, closer to the surface trace of the San Andreas Fault. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Roecker, S (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM roecks@rpi.edu NR 22 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 18 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 12 AR L12S04 DI 10.1029/2003GL019396 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 823KG UT WOS:000221610000002 ER PT J AU Thurber, C Roecker, S Zhang, H Baher, S Ellsworth, W AF Thurber, C Roecker, S Zhang, H Baher, S Ellsworth, W TI Fine-scale structure of the San Andreas fault zone and location of the SAFOD target earthquakes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HAYWARD FAULT; CALIFORNIA; PARKFIELD; TOMOGRAPHY AB We present results from the tomographic analysis of seismic data from the Parkfield area using three different inversion codes. The models provide a consistent view of the complex velocity structure in the vicinity of the San Andreas, including a sharp velocity contrast across the fault. We use the inversion results to assess our confidence in the absolute location accuracy of a potential target earthquake. We derive two types of accuracy estimates, one based on a consideration of the location differences from the three inversion methods, and the other based on the absolute location accuracy of "virtual earthquakes.'' Location differences are on the order of 100 - 200 m horizontally and up to 500 m vertically. Bounds on the absolute location errors based on the "virtual earthquake'' relocations are similar to 50 m horizontally and vertically. The average of our locations places the target event epicenter within about 100 m of the SAF surface trace. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Troy, NY USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thurber, C (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM thurber@geology.wisc.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 18 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 12 AR L12A02 DI 10.1029/2003GL019398 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 823KG UT WOS:000221610000003 ER PT J AU van de Flierdt, T Frank, M Halliday, AN Hein, JR Hattendorf, B Gunther, D Kubik, PW AF van de Flierdt, T Frank, M Halliday, AN Hein, JR Hattendorf, B Gunther, D Kubik, PW TI Tracing the history of submarine hydrothermal inputs and the significance of hydrothermal hafnium for the seawater budget-a combined Pb-Hf-Nd isotope approach SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal fluids; Hf isotopes; Ph isotopes; ferromanganese crusts; Galapagos Rise ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; METALLIFEROUS SEDIMENTS; FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS; HOT-SPRINGS; VENT FIELD; SOUTHEASTERN PACIFIC; BAUER DEEP; LEAD; OCEAN AB Secular variations in the Pb isotopic composition of a mixed hydrogenous-hydrothermal ferromanganese crust from the Bauer Basin in the eastern Equatorial Pacific provide clear evidence for changes in hydrothermal contributions during the past 7 Myr. The nearby Galapagos Rise spreading center provided a strong hydrothermal flux prior to 6.5 Ma. After 6.5 Ma, the Pb became stepwise more radiogenic and more similar to Equatorial Pacific seawater, reflecting the westward shift of spreading to the presently active East Pacific Rise (EPR). A second, previously unrecognized enhanced hydrothermal period occurred between 4.4 and 2.9 Ma, which reflects either off-axis hydrothermal activity in the Bauer Basin or a late-stage pulse of hydrothermal Pb from the then active, but waning Galapagos Rise spreading center. Hafnium isotope time-series of the same mixed hydrogenous-hydrothermal crust show invariant values over the past 7 Myr. Haffiium isotope ratios, as well as Nd isotope ratios obtained for this crust, are identical to that of hydrogenous Equatorial Pacific deep water crusts and clearly indicate that hydrothermal Hf, similar to Nd, does not travel far from submarine vents. Therefore, we suggest that hydrothermal Hf fluxes do not contribute significantly to the global marine Hf budget. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. ETH Zentrum, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Isotope Geol & Mineral Resources, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. ETH Honggerberg, Dept Chem, Inorgan Chem Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ETH Honggerberg, Paul Scherrer Inst, Inst Particle Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM tina@ldeo.columbia.edu NR 64 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 222 IS 1 BP 259 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.02.025 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 821ZL UT WOS:000221502000020 ER PT J AU Rabinovici, SJM Bernknopf, RL Wein, AM Coursey, DL Whitman, RL AF Rabinovici, SJM Bernknopf, RL Wein, AM Coursey, DL Whitman, RL TI Economic and health risk trade-offs of swim closures at a Lake Michigan beach SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BENEFIT TRANSFER; WATER-QUALITY; METAANALYSIS AB This paper presents a framework for analyzing the economic, health, and recreation implications of swim closures related to high fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) levels. The framework utilizes benefit transfer policy analysis to provide a practical procedure for estimating the effectiveness of recreational water quality policies. Evaluation criteria include the rates of intended and unintended management outcomes, whether the chosen protocols generate closures with positive net economic benefits to swimmers, and the number of predicted illnesses the policy is able to prevent. We demonstrate the framework through a case study of a Lake Michigan freshwater beach using existing water quality and visitor data from 1998 to 2001. We find that a typical closure causes a net economic loss among would-be swimmers totaling $1274-37 030/day, depending on the value assumptions used. Unnecessary closures, caused by high indicator variability and a 24-h time delay between when samples are taken and the management decision can be made, occurred on 14 (12%) out of 118 monitored summer days. Days with high FIB levels when the swim area is open are also common but do relatively little economic harm in comparison. Also, even if the closure policy could be implemented daily and perfectly without error, only about 42% of predicted illnesses would be avoided. These conclusions were sensitive to the relative values and risk preferences that swimmers have for recreation access and avoiding health effects, suggesting a need for further study of the impacts of recreational water quality policies on individuals. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Chicago, Irving B Harris Grad Sch Publ Policy, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Rabinovici, SJM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM srabinovici@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 10 BP 2737 EP 2745 DI 10.1021/es034905z PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 821ZS UT WOS:000221502800009 PM 15212245 ER PT J AU Clements, S Schreck, CB AF Clements, S Schreck, CB TI Central administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone alters downstream movement in an artificial stream in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CRH; CRF; swimming; behavior; behaviour; salmon; stress ID STIMULATES LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; COHO SALMON; ACTIVATION; SMOLTIFICATION; BEHAVIOR; INDEXES; KISUTCH; SYSTEM; RATS; CRF AB We evaluated the effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on spatial distribution and downstream movement in an artificial stream in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during the period when the fish were able to tolerate seawater. An intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of CRH (500 ng) to hatchery fish significantly increased the proportion of fish that were distributed downstream of a mid-stream release site. A second group of hatchery fish were given ICV injections of saline (control) or CRH (500 ng) and released near the top of the stream. The time taken to enter a trap at the lower end of the stream was recorded. In all cases the groups given CRH had a higher proportion of fish that did not enter the trap within 60 min of release. However, in those fish that did enter the trap, treatment with CRH increased the speed of downstream movement to this point relative to control fish. Wild sub-yearling Chinook salmon were captured during their downstream migration to the estuary and given ICV injections of saline or CRH (500 ng) either 2, 3, or 7 days after transport from the river. As with hatchery fish, a significantly higher proportion of wild fish that were administered CRH did not enter the trap at the lower end of the stream. The mean time of passage for control fish decreased on each successive day (day 2 > day 3 > day 7). In contrast, the mean passage time of the wild fish that were given CRH was relatively constant through time, and was only significantly faster than control fish on day 2. The current study provides evidence that CRH alters the downstream movement of juvenile Chinook in a simulated stream environment, and produces behavioural effects similar to those of juvenile salmonids that are stressed during their downstream migration. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, USGS CBS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Clements, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM clemensh@onid.orst.edu NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 137 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.02.004 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 817MC UT WOS:000221180600001 PM 15094330 ER PT J AU Chen, XX Vierling, L Rowell, E DeFelice, T AF Chen, XX Vierling, L Rowell, E DeFelice, T TI Using lidar and effective LAI data to evaluate IKONOS and Landsat 7 ETM+ vegetation cover estimates in a ponderosa pine forest SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE IKONOS; Landsat 7 ETM+; lidar; effective LAI; linear spectral mixture analysis; endmembers; EVI; NDVI; Pinus ponderosa; monodominant forest ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES; TM IMAGES; REFLECTANCE; CLASSIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; MODELS; MODIS AB Structural and functional analyses of ecosystems benefit when high accuracy vegetation coverages can be derived over large areas. In this study, we utilize IKONOS, Landsat 7 ETM+, and airborne scanning light detection and ranging (lidar) to quantify coniferous forest and understory grass coverages in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) dominated ecosystem in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Linear spectral mixture analyses of IKONOS and ETM+ data were used to isolate spectral endmembers (bare soil, understory grass, and tree/shade) and calculate their subpixel fractional coverages. We then compared these endmember cover estimates to similar cover estimates derived from lidar data and field measures. The IKONOS-derived tree/shade fraction was significantly correlated with the field-measured canopy effective leaf area index (LAI(c)) (r(2) = 0.55, p < 0.001) and with the lidar-derived estimate of tree occurrence.(r(2) = 0.79, p < 0.001). The enhanced vegetation index (EVI) calculated from IKONOS imagery showed a negative correlation with the field measured tree canopy effective LAI and lidar tree cover response (r(2) = 0.30, r = 0.55 and r(2) = 0.41, r = -0.64, respectively; p < 0.001) and further analyses indicate a strong linear relationship between EVI and the IKONOS-derived grass fraction (r(2) = 0.99, p < 0.001). We also found that using EVI resulted in better agreement with the subpixel vegetation fractions in this ecosystem than using normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI). Coarsening the IKONOS data to 30 in resolution imagery revealed a stronger relationship with lidar tree measures (r(2) = 0.77, p < 0.001) than at 4 in resolution (r(2) = 0.58, p < 0.001). Unmixed tree/shade fractions derived from 30 in resolution ETM+ imagery also showed a significant correlation with the lidar data (r(2) = 0.66, p < 0.001). These results demonstrate the power of using high resolution lidar data to validate spectral unmixing results of satellite imagery, and indicate that IKONOS data and Landsat 7 ETM+ data both can serve to make the important distinction between tree/shade coverage and exposed understory grass coverage during peak summertime greenness in a ponderosa pine forest ecosystem. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Inst Atmospher Sci, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. Horizons Inc, Rapid City, SD USA. Raytheon Co, USGS, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Chen, XX (reprint author), Raytheon Co, ITSS, Upper Marlboro, MD 20772 USA. EM xuexiachen@hotmail.com RI Vierling, Lee/E-6428-2010 OI Vierling, Lee/0000-0001-5344-1983 NR 42 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 91 IS 1 BP 14 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.003 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 828XB UT WOS:000222005900002 ER PT J AU Turner, CE Peterson, F Dunagan, SP AF Turner, CE Peterson, F Dunagan, SP TI Reconstruction of the extinct ecosystem of the Upper Jurassic Morrison formation SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PALEOCLIMATE; MODEL C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Geog & Phys, Martin, TN 38238 USA. RP Turner, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, M-S 939,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 167 IS 3-4 BP 111 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.sedego.2004.04.005 PG 3 WC Geology SC Geology GA 830WJ UT WOS:000222154600001 ER PT J AU Parrish, JT Peterson, F Turner, CE AF Parrish, JT Peterson, F Turner, CE TI Jurassic "savannah " - plant taphonomy and climate of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic, Western USA) SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE megaplants; Morrison formation; upper jurassic; paleoccology; paleoclimate ID NORTHERN BOWSER BASIN; UNITED-STATES; CIRCULATION MODELS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; UTAH; PALEOCLIMATE; VEGETATION; COLORADO; PALEOECOLOGY; PATTERNS AB The Morrison Formation contains six plant taphofacies: Wood, whole-leaf, leaf-mat, root, common carbonaceous debris, and rare carbonaceous debris. None of these taphofacies is common in the Morrison; particularly striking is the paucity of wood, even in more reducing environments. The flora of the Morrison Formation is distinct in the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian parts of the section. The plant taphofacies are consistent with a predominantly herbaceous vegetation. Evidence from the plant taphofacies, floras, and sedimentology of the Morrison is consistent with a warm, seasonal, semi-arid climate throughout, changing from dry semi-arid to humid semi-arid from the Kimmeridgian to the Tithonian parts of the formation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Parrish, JT (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Sci, POB 443025, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM parrish@uidaho.edu NR 119 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 167 IS 3-4 BP 137 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.sedego.2004.01.004 PG 26 WC Geology SC Geology GA 830WJ UT WOS:000222154600003 ER PT J AU Dunagan, SP Turner, CE AF Dunagan, SP Turner, CE TI Regional paleohydrologic and paleoclimatic settings of wetland/lacustrine depositional systems in the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Western Interior, USA SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wetlands; lakes; hydrology; climate; late Jurassic; Morrison Formation ID SOUTHERN GREAT-BASIN; LACUSTRINE CARBONATES; PALUSTRINE CARBONATES; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; COLORADO PLATEAU; STABLE ISOTOPES; UNITED-STATES; MADRID BASIN; LAKE MAGADI; SPAIN AB During deposition of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, water that originated as precipitation in uplands to the west of the Western Interior depositional basin infiltrated regional aquifers that underlay the basin. This regional groundwater system delivered water into the otherwise dry continental interior basin where it discharged to form two major wetland/lacustrine successions. A freshwater carbonate wetland/lacustrine succession formed in the distal reaches of the basin, where regional groundwater discharged into the Denver-Julesburg Basin, which was a smaller structural basin within the more extensive Western Interior depositional basin. An alkaline-saline wetland/lacustrine complex (Lake T'oo'dichi') formed farther upstream, where shallower aquifers discharged into the San Juan/Paradox Basin, which was another small structural basin in the Western Interior depositional basin. These were both wetlands in the sense that groundwater was the major source of water. Input from surface and meteoric water was limited. In both basins, lacustrine conditions developed during episodes of increased input of surface water. Inclusion of wetlands in our interpretation of what had previously been considered largely lacustrine systems has important implications for paleohydrology and paleoclimatology. The distal carbonate wetland/lacustrine deposits are well developed in the Morrison Formation of east-central Colorado, occupying a stratigraphic interval that is equivalent to the "lower" Morrison but extends into the "upper" Morrison Formation. Sedimentologic, paleontologic, and isotopic evidence indicate that regional groundwater discharge maintained shallow, hydrologically open, well oxygenated, perennial carbonate wetlands and lakes despite the semi-arid climate. Wetland deposits include charophyte-rich wackestone and green mudstone. Lacustrine episodes, in which surface water input was significant, were times of carbonate and siliciclastic deposition in scarce deltaic and shoreline deposits. Marginal lacustrine deposits include ooid and skeletal packstone-grainstone, siltstone, and sandstone. Distal lacustrine units are skeletal mudstone-wackestone, microbialites, and laminated (siliciclastic) mudstone. Differentiation between wetlands and distal lacustrine units is not always possible. Palustrine features, Magadi-type chert (MTC), and evaporites record episodes of increased aridity and exposure. Farther upstream, during deposition of the upper part of the Brushy Basin Member, the ancestral Uncompahgre Uplift imposed a barrier to shallow, eastward-flowing groundwater that discharged into the San Juan/Paradox Basin on the upstream side of the uplift. This created the closed hydrologic setting necessary for development of an alkaline-saline wetland/ lacustrine complex ("Lake" T'oo'dichi'). Silicic volcanic ash, delivered by prevailing winds from calderas west and southwest of the basin, contributed to the pore-water evolution in the sediments. A distinctive lateral hydrogeochemical gradient, reflecting increasing salinity and alkalinity in the pore waters, altered the ash to a variety of authigenic minerals that define concentric zones within the basin. The basinward progression of diagenetic mineral zones is smectite --> clinopticlinoptilolite --> analcime +/- potassium feldspar --> albite. The groundwater-fed wetlands were shallow and frequently evaporated to dryness. Scarce laminated gray mudstone beds record distinct episodes of freshwater lacustrine deposition that resulted from intermittent streams that carried detritus well out into the basin. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Geog & Phys, Martin, TN 38238 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Dunagan, SP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Geog & Phys, Martin, TN 38238 USA. EM sdunagan@utm.edu NR 103 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 167 IS 3-4 BP 269 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.sedego.2004.01.007 PG 28 WC Geology SC Geology GA 830WJ UT WOS:000222154600006 ER PT J AU Turner, CE Peterson, F AF Turner, CE Peterson, F TI Reconstruction of the Upper Jurassic Morrison formation extinct ecosystem - a synthesis SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Morrison Formation; Upper Jurassic; ecosystem reconstruction; Western Interior USA ID WESTWATER CANYON MEMBER; INDEPENDENCE DIKE SWARM; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; APPARENT POLAR WANDER; SMALL DRAINAGE BASINS; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; COLORADO PLATEAU; CIRCULATION MODELS; NORTH-AMERICA; SIERRA-NEVADA AB A synthesis of recent and previous studies of the Morrison Formation and related beds, in the context of a conceptual climatic/hydrologic framework, permits reconstruction of the Late Jurassic dinosaurian ecosystem throughout the Western Interior of the United States and Canada. Climate models and geologic evidence indicate that a dry climate persisted in the Western Interior during the Late Jurassic. Early and Middle Kimmeridgian eolian deposits and Late Kimmeridgian alkaline, saline wetland/lacustrine deposits demonstrate that dryness persisted throughout the Kimmeridgian. Tithonian-age coal reflects lower evaporation rates associated with a slight cooling trend, but not a significant climate change. With a subtropical high over the Paleo-Pacific Ocean and atmospheric circulation generally toward the east, moisture carried by prevailing winds "rained out" progressively eastward, leaving the continental interior-and the Morrison depositional basin-dry. Within the basin, high evaporation rates associated with the southerly paleolatitude and greenhouse effects added to the dryness. Consequently, the two main sources of water-groundwater and surface water-originated outside the basin, through recharge of regional aquifers and streams that originated in the western uplands. Precipitation that fell west of the basin recharged aquifers that underlay the basin and discharged in wetlands and lakes in the distal, low-lying part of the basin. Precipitation west of the basin also fed intermittent and scarce perennial streams that flowed eastward. The streams were probably "losing" streams in their upstream reaches, and contributed to a locally raised water table. Elsewhere in the basin, where the floodplain intersected the water table, small lakes dotted the landscape. Seasonal storms, perhaps in part from the Paleo-Gulf of Mexico, brought some precipitation directly to the basin, although it was also subjected to "rain out" en route. Thus, meteoric input to the basin was appreciably less than groundwater and surface water contributions. The terrestrial Morrison ecosystem, which can be likened to a savannah, expanded with the northward retreat of the Late Jurassic Western Interior Seaway. The ecosystem was a complex mosaic, the components of which shifted through time. Riparian environments probably were the most diverse parts of the ecosystem, where a multi-storeyed canopy supported a diverse fauna, from insects to dinosaurs. Equable conditions also existed in wetlands, lakes, and elsewhere on the floodplain when seasonal rainfall brought an herbaceous groundcover to life. Eolian environments and alkaline, saline wetlands were inhospitable to life. Large herbivorous dinosaurs were adapted to this semi-arid landscape. Their size was an adaptive asset based on considerations of food requirements associated with a low metabolism and was also an advantage for migration during drought. Some of the large sauropods were adapted to browsing the higher vegetation associated with riparian environments; others to grazing the herbaceous groundcover on the floodplain and charophytes in the wetlands. The extensive distal wetlands may, in fact, have been refugia for some of these herbivores during the dry season and droughts. Extended periods of drought account for some of the dinosaur death assemblages; yet, the ecosystem could also sustain the most unusual life forms that ever roamed the Earth. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Turner, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS-939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cturner@usgs.gov NR 184 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 EI 1879-0968 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 167 IS 3-4 BP 309 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.sedego.2004.01.009 PG 47 WC Geology SC Geology GA 830WJ UT WOS:000222154600008 ER PT J AU Xu, JP Noble, MA Rosenfeld, LK AF Xu, JP Noble, MA Rosenfeld, LK TI In-situ measurements of velocity structure within turbidity currents SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MONTEREY-CANYON; SUBMARINE CANYONS AB Turbidity currents are thought to be the main mechanism to move similar to500,000 m(3) of sediments annually from the head of the Monterey Submarine Canyon to the deep-sea fan. Indirect evidence has shown frequent occurrences of such turbidity currents in the canyon, but the dynamic properties of the turbidity currents such as maximum speed, duration, and dimensions are still unknown. Here we present the first-ever in-situ measurements of velocity profiles of four turbidity currents whose maximum along-canyon velocity reached 190 cm/s. Two turbidity currents coincided with storms that produced the highest swells and the biggest stream flows during the year-long deployment. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Xu, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jpx@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 9 AR L09311 DI 10.1029/2004GL019718 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 821PB UT WOS:000221473000005 ER PT J AU Aiello, IW Hagstrum, JT Principi, G AF Aiello, IW Hagstrum, JT Principi, G TI Late miocene remagnetization within the internal sector of the Northern Apennines, Italy SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE paleomagnetism; remagnetization; Northern Apennines; Italy ID POLAR WANDER PATHS; PALEOMAGNETIC EVIDENCE; SEDIMENTARY COVER; ALPS; LIMESTONES; ROTATIONS; EXTENSION; HISTORY; COMPLEX; MARGIN AB Paleomagnetic and geologic evidence indicates that Upper Jurassic radiolarian cherts of both the Tuscan Cherts Formation (continental margin, Tuscan Units) and the Monte Alpe Cherts Formation (oceanic crust, Ligurian Units) were remagnetized during Miocene orogenesis of the Northern Apennines of Italy. Characteristic overprint magnetizations with reversed polarities have been found over a large area within the internal sector of the Northern Apennines, including eastern Liguria, Elba Island Laid the Thyrrenian margin, and west of the Middle Tuscan Ridge. The reversed-polarity overprint (average direction: D = 177degrees, I = - 52degrees, alpha(95) = 15degrees) was most likely acquired during Late Miocene uplift and denudation of the orogenic chain, and thermochemical remagnetization was a probable consequence of increased circulation of orogenic fluids. Similarly, mostly reversed-polarity directions of magnetization have been found by other workers in overlying post-orogenic Messinian sediments (D = 177degrees, I = 57degrees, alpha(95) = 3degrees), which show little counterclockwise (CCW) vertical-axis rotation with respect to stable Europe ( - 8 +/- 5degrees) The Monte Alpe Cherts sampled at sites in the external sector of the Northern Apennines, close to major tectonic features, have normal-polarity overprint directions with ill situ W-SW declinations. Since the overlying post-orogenic Messinian sediments have not been substantially rotated about vertical axes, the evidence points to all earlier, pre-Late Miocene remagnetization in the external pails of the orogenic chain. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Univ Florence, Dept Earth Sci, I-50121 Florence, Italy. RP Hagstrum, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 937, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhag@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD MAY 7 PY 2004 VL 383 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2004.02.001 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 822RP UT WOS:000221557900001 ER PT J AU Circone, S Stern, LA Kirby, SH AF Circone, S Stern, LA Kirby, SH TI The role of water in gas hydrate dissociation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID HEAT-CAPACITIES; METHANE; ENTHALPIES; PROPANE; 270-K; ICE AB When raised to temperatures above the ice melting point, gas hydrates release their gas in well-defined, reproducible events that occur within self-maintained temperature ranges slightly below the ice point. This behavior is observed for structure I (carbon dioxide, methane) and structure II gas hydrates (methane- ethane, and propane), including those formed with either H(2)O- or D(2)O-host frameworks, and dissociated at either ambient or elevated pressure conditions. We hypothesize that at temperatures above the H(2)O (or D(2)O) melting point: (1) hydrate dissociation produces water + gas instead of ice + gas, (2) the endothermic dissociation reaction lowers the temperature of the sample, causing the water product to freeze, (3) this phase transition buffers the sample temperatures within a narrow temperature range just below the ice point until dissociation goes to completion, and (4) the temperature depression below the pure ice melting point correlates with the average rate of dissociation and arises from solution of the hydrate-forming gas, released by dissociation, in the water phase at elevated concentrations. In addition, for hydrate that is partially dissociated to ice + gas at lower temperatures and then heated to temperatures above the ice point, all remaining hydrate dissociates to gas + liquid water as existing barriers to dissociation disappear. The enhanced dissociation rates at warmer temperatures are probably associated with faster gas transport pathways arising from the formation of water product. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Circone, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM scircone@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 6 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 18 BP 5747 EP 5755 DI 10.1021/jp0362584 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 816VQ UT WOS:000221137800036 ER PT J AU Simmons, JW Layzer, JB AF Simmons, JW Layzer, JB TI Spawning behavior and habitat of the endangered Bluemask Darter, Etheostoma (Doration) sp. SO COPEIA LA English DT Article AB The Bluemask Darter, Etheostoma (Doration) sp., is an endangered fish endemic to the upper Caney Fork system in the Cumberland River drainage in central Tennessee. Little is known about the life history of this species, and an understanding of its reproductive ecology is necessary to implement management and recovery actions. Spawning behavior and habitat were studied from 29 May to I July 2002 in the Collins River. Spawning events (n = 247) averaged 7.6 +/- 0.1 sec, and intervals between spawning events averaged 127.0 +/- 5.0 sec. Some age I individuals were sexually mature, but the majority of the reproductive population was comprised of older fish. Microhabitat use differed among nonspawning females, nonspawning males, and spawning pairs. Depths and water velocities differed significantly (P < 0.05) between areas occupied by lone females (n = 37), lone males (n = 45), and spawning pairs (n = 63). Spawning transpired in runs at mean water depths of 21.4 +/- 0.4 cm, bottom velocities of 18.9 +/- 0.4 cm/sec, and water column velocities of 28.9 +/- 0.5 cm/sec. Substrate was dominated by gravel in areas occupied by lone males and spawning pairs, whereas most lone females were found over a sand-dominant substrate. Spawning microhabitats differed from habitats used during the summer. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Layzer, JB (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM jeff.simmons@earthlink.net; jim_layzer@tntech.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAY 5 PY 2004 IS 2 BP 412 EP 417 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 819SX UT WOS:000221336700024 ER PT J AU Pavlis, TL Picornell, C Serpa, L Bruhn, RL Plafker, G AF Pavlis, TL Picornell, C Serpa, L Bruhn, RL Plafker, G TI Tectonic processes during oblique collision: Insights from the St. Elias orogen, northern North American Cordillera SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article DE oblique collision; transpression; microplate motion; polyphase folding; escape tectonics; erosiontectonic interactions ID YAKATAGA SEISMIC GAP; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; YAKUTAT BLOCK; EASTERN GULF; METAMORPHIC COMPLEX; FAIRWEATHER FAULT; PLATE; PACIFIC; DEFORMATION; EROSION AB Oblique convergence in the St. Elias orogen of southern Alaska and northwestern Canada has constructed the world's highest coastal mountain range and is the principal driver constructing all of the high topography in northern North America. The orogen originated when the Yakutat terrane was excised from the Cordilleran margin and was transported along margin-parallel strike-slip faults into the subduction-transform transition at the eastern end of the Aleutian trench. We examine the last 3 m.y. of this collision through an analysis of Euler poles for motion of the Yakutat microplate with respect to North America and the Pacific. This analysis indicates a Yakutat-Pacific pole near the present southern triple junction of the microplate and predicts convergence to dextral-oblique convergence across the offshore Transition fault, onland structures adjacent to the Yakutat foreland, or both, with plate speeds increasing from 10 to 30 mm/yr from southeast to northwest. Reconstructions based on these poles show that NNW transport of the collided block into the NE trending subduction zone forced contraction of EW line elements as the collided block was driven into the subduction-transform transition. This suggests the collided block was constricted as it was driven into the transition. Constriction provides an explanation for observed vertical axis refolding of both earlier formed fold-thrust systems and the collisional suture at the top of the fold-thrust stack. We also suggest that this motion was partially accommodated by lateral extrusion of the western portion of the orogen toward the Aleutian trench. Important questions remain regarding which structures accommodated parts of this motion. The Transition fault may have accommodated much of the Yakutat-Pacific convergence on the basis of our analysis and previous interpretations of GPS-based geodetic data. Nonetheless, it is locally overlapped by up to 800 m of undeformed sediment, yet elsewhere shows evidence of young deformation. This contradiction could be produced if the overlapping sediments are too young to have accumulated significant deformation, or GPS motions may be deflected by transient strains or strains from poorly understood fault interactions. In either case, more data are needed to resolve the paradox. C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pavlis, TL (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM tpavlis@uno.edu NR 60 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD MAY 4 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 AR TC3001 DI 10.1029/2003TC001557 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 819SN UT WOS:000221335400001 ER PT J AU Weatherill, D Simmons, CT Voss, CI Robinson, NI AF Weatherill, D Simmons, CT Voss, CI Robinson, NI TI Testing density-dependent groundwater models: two-dimensional steady state unstable convection in infinite, finite and inclined porous layers SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE variable-density; convection; benchmark; modelling; solute transport; groundwater ID EVAPORATING SALT LAKE; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; FLOW; AQUIFERS; MEDIA AB This study proposes the use of several problems of unstable steady state convection with variable fluid density in a porous layer of infinite horizontal extent as two-dimensional (2-D) test cases for density-dependent groundwater flow and solute transport simulators. Unlike existing density-dependent model benchmarks, these problems have well-defined stability criteria that are determined analytically. These analytical stability indicators can be compared with numerical model results to test the ability of a code to accurately simulate buoyancy driven flow and diffusion. The basic analytical solution is for a horizontally infinite fluid-filled porous layer in which fluid density decreases with depth. The proposed test problems include unstable convection in an infinite horizontal box, in a finite horizontal box, and in an infinite inclined box. A dimensionless Rayleigh number incorporating properties of the fluid and the porous media determines the stability of the layer in each case. Testing the ability of numerical codes to match both the critical Rayleigh number at which convection occurs and the wavelength of convection cells is an addition to the benchmark problems currently in use. The proposed test problems are modelled in 2-D using the SUTRA [SUTRA-A model for saturated-unsaturated variable-density ground-water flow with solute or energy transport. US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report, 02-4231, 2002. 250 p] density-dependent groundwater flow and solute transport code. For the case of an infinite horizontal box, SUTRA results show a distinct change from stable to unstable behaviour around the theoretical critical Rayleigh number of 4pi(2) and the simulated wavelength of unstable convection agrees with that predicted by the analytical solution. The effects of finite layer aspect ratio and inclination on stability indicators are also tested and numerical results are in excellent agreement with theoretical stability criteria and with numerical results previously reported in traditional fluid mechanics literature. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Chem Phys & Earth Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Weatherill, D (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Chem Phys & Earth Sci, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM douglas.weatherill@flinders.edu.au; craig.simmons@flinders.edu.au; cvoss@usgs.gov; neville.robinson@flinders.edu.au RI Weatherill, Douglas/A-4972-2008; Simmons, Craig/H-7458-2015 OI Simmons, Craig/0000-0001-5399-6292 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 27 IS 5 BP 548 EP 563 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.01.003 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 824HR UT WOS:000221677800007 ER PT J AU Brooks, RA AF Brooks, RA TI Discovery of Sphaeroma terebrans, a wood-boring isopod, in the red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, habitat of northern Florida Bay SO AMBIO LA English DT Editorial Material ID ROOT FOULING COMMUNITIES; DISPERSAL; FAUNA; INVERTEBRATES; COLONIZATION; RECRUITMENT; CRUSTACEA; MECHANISM; SUBSTRATE; FORESTS C1 USGS, BRD, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Brooks, RA (reprint author), USGS, BRD, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM allen_brooks@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD MAY PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 171 EP 173 DI 10.1639/0044-7447(2004)033[0171:DOSTAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 816TN UT WOS:000221132300010 PM 15151389 ER PT J AU Coombs, ML Gardner, JE AF Coombs, ML Gardner, JE TI Reaction rim growth on olivine in silicic melts: Implications for magma mixing SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; DIFFUSION-CONTROLLED GROWTH; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; CRYSTAL DISSOLUTION; 1912 ERUPTION; ASCENT RATES; JAPAN; MODEL; CALIFORNIA; INCLUSIONS AB Finely crystalline amphibole or pyroxene rims that form during reaction between silicic host melt and cognate olivine xenocrysts, newly introduced during magma mixing events, can provide information about the timing between mixing and volcanic eruptions. We investigated rim growth experimentally by placing forsteritic olivine in rhyolitic and rhyodacitic melts for times between 25 and 622 h at 50 and 150 MPa, H2O-saturated, at the Ni-NiO buffer. Rims of orthopyroxene microlites formed from high-silica rhyolite and rhyodacite melts at 885 degreesC and 50 MPa, and in the rhyolite at 150 MPa and 885 degreesC. Rims of amphibole with lesser orthopyroxene formed in the rhyolite at 150 MPa and 800 degreesC and in the rhyodacite at 150 MPa and 885 degreesC. Irregular, convolute olivine edges and mass balance between olivine, melt, and rim phases show that olivine partly dissolved at all conditions. Iron-rich zones at the exteriors of olivines, which increased in width parabolically with time, show that Fe-Mg interdiffusion occurring in olivines was not outpaced by olivine dissolution. Linear increases of the square of rim widths with time suggest that diffusion within the melt is the rate-controlling process for olivine dissolution and rim growth. Rims grew one-half to one order-of-magnitude faster when melt water contents were doubled, unless conditions were far above the liquidus. Rim growth rate in rhyolite increases from 0.055 +/- 0.01 mum(2)/h at 885 degreesC and 50 MPa to 0.64 +/- 0.13 mum(2)/h at 800 degreesC and 150 MPa. Melt composition has a lesser effect on rim growth rates, with growth rate increasing as melt SiO2 content decreases. Pyroxene rims on olivines in andesite erupted from Arenal volcano (Costa Rica) grew at a rate of 3.0 +/- 0.2 mum(2)/h over an eleven-year period. This rate is faster than those of the experiments due to lower melt viscosity and higher temperatures, and suggests that a magma mixing event preceded the start of the eruption by days. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Coombs, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcoombs@usgs.gov RI Gardner, James/H-1713-2011 NR 62 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 89 IS 5-6 BP 748 EP 758 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 824IM UT WOS:000221680000008 ER PT J AU Zettler, JA Taylor, MD Allen, CR Spira, TP AF Zettler, JA Taylor, MD Allen, CR Spira, TP TI Consequences of forest clear-cuts for native and nonindigenous ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; forest disturbance; invasive species; clear-cutting; logging ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; ARTHROPOD-COMMUNITY; NORTHERN FLORIDA; INVASION; IMPACT; FAUNA; FRAGMENTATION; DISTURBANCE AB Currently, the southern United States produces more timber than any other region in the world. Entire timber stands are removed through a harvesting method called clear-cutting. This common forestry practice may lead to the replacement of native ant communities with invasive, nonindigenous species. In four deciduous forest sites in South Carolina, we monitored the change in ant species richness, diversity, and abundance immediately after forest clearing for a period of 15 mo to 2 yr and determined the incidence of colonization of the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta into these four newly disturbed sites. Each site consisted of an uncut, forested plot and a logged, pine-planted plot. Fire ants were collected in clear-cuts as early as 3 mo postcutting, and by the end of the experiment, they were found in all four treatment sites. Our study is the first to document, through a controlled experiment, that clear-cutting alters ant species assemblages by increasing S. invicta and Pheidole spp. Populations and significantly reducing native ant numbers. Long-term studies are needed to assess how replacing native deciduous forests with pine monocultures affects ant assemblages. C1 Armstrong Atlantic State Univ, Dept Biol, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson Inst Environm Toxicol, Dept Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Zettler, JA (reprint author), Armstrong Atlantic State Univ, Dept Biol, 11935 Abercorn St, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. EM zettleje@mail.armstrong.edu NR 35 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 14 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0513:COFCFN]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 823XF UT WOS:000221646900017 ER PT J AU Hoeft, SE Kulp, TR Stolz, JF Hollibaugh, JT Oremland, RS AF Hoeft, SE Kulp, TR Stolz, JF Hollibaugh, JT Oremland, RS TI Dissimilatory arsenate reduction with sulfide as electron donor: Experiments with mono lake water and isolation of strain MLMS-1, a chemoautotrophic arsenate respirer SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE REDUCTION; NATURAL-WATERS; LARGE-SUBUNIT; SP NOV.; CALIFORNIA; BANGLADESH; GROUNDWATER; OXIDATION; BACTERIA; MECHANISMS AB Anoxic bottom water from Mono Lake, California, can biologically reduce added arsenate without any addition of electron donors. Of the possible in situ inorganic electron donors present, only sulfide was sufficiently abundant to drive this reaction. We tested the ability of sulfide to serve as an electron donor for arsenate reduction in experiments with lake water. Reduction of arsenate to arsenite occurred simultaneously with the removal of sulfide. No loss of sulfide occurred in controls without arsenate or in sterilized samples containing both arsenate and sulfide. The rate of arsenate reduction in lake water was dependent on the amount of available arsenate. We enriched for a bacterium that could achieve growth with sulfide and arsenate in a defined, mineral medium and purified it by serial dilution. The isolate, strain MLMS-1, is a gram-negative, motile curved rod that grows by oxidizing sulfide to sulfate while reducing arsenate to arsenite. Chemoautotrophy was confirmed by the incorporation of (HCO3-)-C-14 into dark-incubated cells, but preliminary gene probing tests with primers for ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase did not yield PCR-amplified products. Alignment of 16S rRNA sequences indicated that strain MLMS-1 was in the delta-Proteobacteria, located near sulfate reducers like Desulfobulbus sp. (88 to 90% similarity) but more closely related (97%) to unidentified sequences amplified previously from Mono Lake. However, strain MLMS-1 does not grow with sulfate as its electron acceptor. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 70 IS 5 BP 2741 EP 2747 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.5.2741-2747.2004 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 819UD UT WOS:000221340400023 PM 15128527 ER PT J AU Bowker, MA Belnap, J Rosentreter, R Graham, B AF Bowker, MA Belnap, J Rosentreter, R Graham, B TI Wildfire-resistant biological soil crusts and fire-induced loss of soil stability in Palouse prairies, USA SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological soil crusts; soil stability; fire ecology; grasslands; pigments ID SAND PRAIRIE; RECOVERY; DISTURBANCE; SHRUBLAND; PLANT AB Frequent low-intensity fires are a natural component of the ecology of the Palouse prairies of northwestern North America. To study the effects of fire upon biological soil crusts (BSCs) occurring in these grasslands, we sampled three burned (in 2000) sites and three unburned sites in the Hell's Canyon area (OR, USA) similar to1 year post-fire. We measured vascular plant and BSC cover, soil microbe pigmentation, texture and chemistry, and soil surface physical properties (stability and rugosity). Festuca idahoensis was two times more abundant in unburned plots (P = 0.0006), and vascular plant and litter cover were generally higher in unburned plots. At the community scale, there was no difference in the lichen and moss species composition, suggesting much less drastic effects of fire on BSCs than reported in other systems. Soil surface stability (measured using slake value) was significantly lower in burned sites than unburned sites (median value = 5 versus 6, P = 0.008), a result which is likely due to the greater density of lichens and mosses encountered in the unburned plots. Soil microbe pigmentation was lower in burned plots (P = 0.03), suggesting that the biomass of photosynthetic microbes had decreased; however, the presence of intra- and extracellular pigments in burned soils indicates that microorganisms were not eradicated. Pigments most strongly associated with cyanobacteria were more abundant in unburned sites, suggesting that cyanobacteria may have been more strongly impacted by the fire than other BSC components. Composition of nutrients and surface rugosity did not differ significantly between treatments. We hypothesize that Palouse prairie soil crusts are relatively resistant to wildfire because of low fire intensity and their occupation of space away from the vascular plant fuel load. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, BRD, Canyonlands Field Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Bur Land Management, Idaho State Off, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, BRD, Canyonlands Field Stn, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 26 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2003.10.005 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 817VC UT WOS:000221204000005 ER PT J AU Watten, BJ Boyd, CE Schwartz, ME Summerfelt, ST Brazil, BL AF Watten, BJ Boyd, CE Schwartz, ME Summerfelt, ST Brazil, BL TI Feasibility of measuring dissolved carbon dioxide based on head space partial pressures SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dissolved gas measurement; carbon dioxide; headspace analyses; data logger ID GASES; OXYGEN AB We describe an instrument prototype that measures dissolved carbon dioxide (DC) without need for standard wetted probe membranes or titration. DC is calculated using Henry's Law, water temperature, and the steady-state partial pressure of carbon dioxide that develops within the instrument's vertical gas-liquid contacting chamber. Gas-phase partial pressures were determined with either an infrared detector (ID) or by measuring voltage developed by a pH electrode immersed in an isolated sodium carbonate solution (SC) sparged with recitculated head space gas. Calculated DC concentrations were compared with those obtained by titration over a range of DC (2,4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 mg/l), total alkalinity (35, 120, and 250 mg/l as CaCO3 total dissolved gas pressure (- 178 to 120 mmHg), and dissolved oxygen concentrations (7, 14, and 18 mg/l). Statistically significant (P < 0.0.01) correlations were established between head space (ID) and titrimetrically determined DC concentrations (R-2 = 0.987-0.949, N = 96). Millivolt and titrimetric values from the SC solution tests were also correlated (P < 0.001, R-2 = 0.997, N = 16). The absolute and relative error associated with the use of the ID and SC solution averaged 0.9 mgA DC and 7.0%.and 0.6 mg/l DC and 9.6%, respectively. The precision of DC estimates established in a second test series was good; coefficients of variation (100(SD/mean)) for the head space (ID) and titration analyses were 0.99% and 1.7%. Precision of the SC solution method was 1.3%. In a third test series, a single ID was coupled with four replicate head space units so as; to permit sequential monitoring (15 min intervals) of a common water source. Here, appropriate gas samples were secured using a series of solenoid valves (1.6 mm bore) activated by a time-based controller. This system configuration reduced the capital cost per sample site from US$ 695 to 816. Absolute error averaged 2.9, 3.1, 3.7, and 2.7 mg/l for replicates 1-4 (N = 36) during a 21-day test period (DC range, 36-40 mg/l). The ID meter was then modified so as to provide for DO as, well m DC measurements across components of an intensive fish production system. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Inst Freshwater, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Watten, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM barnaby_watten@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 83 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2003.09.002 PG 19 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 807IS UT WOS:000220495800001 ER PT J AU Gaikowski, MP Larson, WJ Steuer, JJ Gingerich, WH AF Gaikowski, MP Larson, WJ Steuer, JJ Gingerich, WH TI Validation of two dilution models to predict chloramine-T concentrations in aquaculture facility effluent SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE aquaculture drug; aquaculture effluent; effluent model AB Accurate estimates of drug concentrations in hatchery effluent are critical to assess the environmental risk of hatchery drug discharge resulting from disease treatment. This study validated two dilution simple n models to estimate chloramine-T environmental introduction concentrations by comparing measured and predicted chloramine-T concentrations using the US Geological Survey's Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center aquaculture facility effluent as an example. The hydraulic characteristics of our treated raceway and effluent and the accuracy of our water flow rate measurements were confirmed with the marker dye rhodamine WT. We also used the rhodamine WT data to develop dilution models that would (1) estimate the chloramine-T concentration at a given time and location in the effluent system and (2) estimate the average chloramine-T concentration at a given location over the entire discharge period. To test our models, we predicted the chloramine-T concentration at two sample points based on effluent flow and the maintenance of chloramine-T at 20 mg/l for 60 min in the same raceway used with rhodamine WT. The effluent sample points selected (sample points A and B) represented 47 and 100% of the total effluent flow, respectively. Sample point B is-analogous to the discharge of a hatchery that does not have a detention lagoon, i.e. the sample site was downstream of the last dilution water addition following treatment. We then applied four chloramine-T flow-through treatments at 20mg/l for 60 min and measured the chloramine-T concentration in water samples collected every 15 min for about 180 min from the treated raceway and sample points A and B during and after application. The predicted chloramine-T concentration at each sampling interval was similar to the measured chloramine-T concentration at sample points A and B and was generally bounded by the measured 90% confidence intervals. The predicted aver,age chloramine-T concentrations at sample points A or B (2.8 and 1.3 mg/l, respectively) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the average measured chloramine-T concentrations (2.7 and 1.3 mg/l, respectively). The close agreement between our predicted and measured chloramine-T concentrations indicate either of the dilution models could be used to adequately predict the chloramine-T environmental introduction concentration in Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center effluent. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Enviornm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Gaikowski, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Enviornm Sci Ctr, POB 818,2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI USA. EM mark_gaikowski@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2003.11.001 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 807IS UT WOS:000220495800004 ER PT J AU Pinkney, AE Harshbarger, JC May, EB Melancon, MJ AF Pinkney, AE Harshbarger, JC May, EB Melancon, MJ TI Tumor prevalence and biomarkers of exposure in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from Back River, Furnace Creek, and Tuckahoe River, Maryland SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; ICTALURUS-NEBULOSUS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PUGET SOUND; CONTAMINANTS; FISH; TRIBUTARIES; METABOLITES; WASHINGTON; NEOPLASMS AB Brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) were collected from 2 locations near Baltimore, Maryland, Back River and Furnace Creek, and 1 (reference) location, Tuckahoe River, to compare the prevalence of tumors (liver and skin) and visible skin lesions (fin erosion and abnormal barbels). Cytochrome P450 activity measured as ethoxyresorufin-0-deethylase, biliary PAH-like fluorescent metabolites, and fillet contaminant concentrations were determined as indicators of exposure in a randomly selected subset of the fish. There were no significant differences in liver tumor prevalence: Back River = 8% (4/50), Furnace Creek = 0% (0/50), and Tuckahoe River = 2.6% (1/39; p = 0.20, extension of Fisher's exact test). Skin tumor prevalence was as follows: Furnace Creek = 12% (6/50), Back River = 8% (4/50), and Tuckahoe River = 0% (0/39; p = 0.063). In the Back River fish, there was a 40% (20/50) prevalence of fin erosion and a 28% (14/50) prevalence of abnormal (shortened, clubbed, or missing) barbels. Fin erosion was not observed in the other collections, and only 10% (5/50) of the Furnace Creek fish had abnormal barbels (p < 0.001 for both lesions). There were statistically significant differences in mean EROD activity, with levels in Furnace Creek and Back River fish approximately twice that found in Tuckahoe River fish. There were also significant differences in mean benzo(a)pyrene-like bile metabolite concentrations: the lowest mean was in the Tuckahoe River fish, 8 times higher in Furnace Creek fish, and 13 times higher in Back River fish. Of the 3 groups, the Back River bullheads appear to be most adversely affected by contaminant exposure because they had the highest prevalence of liver tumors, fin erosion, and abnormal barbels. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. George Washington Univ, Ctr Med, Registry Tumors Lower Anim, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Pinkney, AE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM fred_pinkney@fws.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 IS 4 BP 492 EP 501 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-2252-1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 814FI UT WOS:000220960200010 PM 15253047 ER PT J AU James, SM Little, EE Semlitsch, RD AF James, SM Little, EE Semlitsch, RD TI Effects of multiple routes of cadmium exposure on the hibernation success of the American toad (Bufo americanus) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MANITOBA TOAD; ZINC SMELTERS; HEAVY-METALS; RANA; GROWTH; FROG; HEMIOPHRYS; SURVIVAL; SOIL; BIOACCUMULATION AB The effects of multiple routes of cadmium exposure on juvenile American toads (Bufo americanus) were evaluated using environmentally relevant concentrations. During or after exposure, toads were individually hibernated for 172 days at approximately 4 degreesC. The following experiments were conducted: 1) dermal exposure (hibernation in soil contaminated with up to 120 mug Cd/g (dry weight)); (2) injection exposure (single injection with cadmium to achieve a maximum whole-body nominal concentration of 3 mug Cd/g (wet weight) 12 days before hibernation in uncontaminated soil); and, (3) oral exposure (feeding with mealworms containing less than or equal to16 mug Cd/g (dry weight) for 50 days before hibernation in uncontaminated soil). We hypothesized that sublethal levels of cadmium would become lethal during hibernation because of combined chemical and cold stress. No prehibernation mortality occurred in the injection and oral exposure studies. There was a significant treatment effect on whole-body cadmium concentration in toads orally or dermally exposed and on percent of cadmium retention in toads orally exposed. There was also a trend of increased time-to-burrowing and more toads partially buried with greater cadmium concentration in the dermal study, which indicated avoidance. In all 3 experiments, no significant differences were found among cadmium treatments in hibernation survival, percent of mass loss, or locomotor performance. However, toads fed mealworms averaging 4.7 mug Cd/g (dry weight) had only 56% survival compared with 100% survival for controls. Although our results suggest that environmentally relevant levels of cadmium do not pose a great risk to American toads, factors such as soil type or prey species may increase cadmium bioavailability, and other amphibian species may be more sensitive to cadmium than B. americanus. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP James, SM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM smj21b@mizzou.edu OI Semlitsch, Raymond/0000-0002-7999-5762 NR 51 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 IS 4 BP 518 EP 527 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-3005-x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 814FI UT WOS:000220960200013 PM 15253050 ER PT J AU Heinz, GH Hoffman, DJ Audet, DJ AF Heinz, GH Hoffman, DJ Audet, DJ TI Phosphorus amendment reduces bioavailability of lead to mallards ingesting contaminated sediments SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DALENE RIVER-BASIN; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CANADA GEESE; SOILS; WATERFOWL; IDAHO; IMMOBILIZATION; ACID; AREA AB Lead poisoning of waterfowl has been reported for decades in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin in Idaho as a result of the ingestion of lead-contaminated sediments. We conducted a study to determine whether the addition of phosphoric acid to sediments would reduce the bioavailability of lead to mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). When sediments were amended with 1% phosphorus under laboratory conditions, and diets containing 12% amended sediment were fed to mallards, reductions in tissue lead were 43% in blood, 41% in liver, and 59% in kidney with sediment containing about 4,520 mug/g lead on a dry-weight basis and 41, 30, and 57% with sediment containing about 6,990 mug/g lead. When sediments were treated with phosphorus and left to age for about 5 months in the field, reductions in lead were 56% in blood, 54% in liver, and 66% in kidney at one site with about 5,390 mug/g lead and 64, 57, and 77% at a second site with about 6,990 mug/g lead. In the field, the inability to mix the phosphoric acid uniformly and deeply enough into the sediment may have resulted in more than 1% phosphorus being added to the sediment. Although both lab and field amendments of phosphorus substantially reduced the bioavailability of lead, lead concentrations in the tissues of mallards fed the amended sediments were still above those believed to be harmful to waterfowl. Based on earlier studies of sediment toxicity to waterfowl in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin, combined with the results of our amendment study, the addition of phosphoric acid as we used it might only significantly benefit waterfowl where sediments or soils contain less than 1,000-2,000 mug/g lead. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. RP Heinz, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM gary_heinz@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 IS 4 BP 534 EP 541 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-3036-3 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 814FI UT WOS:000220960200015 PM 15253052 ER PT J AU Fleischli, MA Franson, JC Thomas, NJ Finley, DL Riley, W AF Fleischli, MA Franson, JC Thomas, NJ Finley, DL Riley, W TI Avian mortality events in the united states caused by anticholinesterase pesticides: A retrospective summary of National Wildlife Health Center records from 1980 to 2000 SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; CARBAMATE PESTICIDES; CANADA GEESE; RICE FIELDS; BIRDS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; EXPOSURE; RAPTORS; TEXAS; REACTIVATION AB We reviewed the U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) mortality database from 1980 to 2000 to identify cases of poisoning caused by organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. From the 35,022 cases from which one or more avian carcasses were submitted to the NWHC for necropsy, we identified 335 mortality events attributed to anticholinesterase poisoning, 119 of which have been included in earlier reports. Poisoning events were classified as confirmed (n = 205) when supported by findings of greater than or equal to50% inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activity in brain tissue and the detection of a specific pesticide in the gastrointestinal contents of one or more carcasses. Suspected poisonings (n = 130) were defined as cases where brain ChE activity was greater than or equal to50% inhibited or a specific pesticide was identified in gastrointestinal contents. The 335 avian mortality events occurred in 42 states. Washington, Virginia, and Ohio had the highest frequency of events, with 24 (7.2%), 21 (6.3%), and 20 (6.0%) events, respectively. A total of 8877 carcasses of 103 avian species in 12 orders was recovered. Because carcass counts underestimate total mortality, this represents the minimum actual mortality. Of 24 different pesticides identified, the most frequent were famphur (n = 59; 18%), carbofuran (n = 52; 15%), diazinon (n = 40; 12%), and fenthion (n = 17; 5.1%). Falconiformes were reported killed most frequently (49% of all die-offs) but Anseriformes were found dead in the greatest numbers (64% of 8877 found dead). The majority of birds reported killed by famphur were Passeriformes and Falconiformes, with the latter found dead in 90% of famphur-related poisoning events. Carbofuran and famphur were involved in mortality of the greatest variety of species (45 and 33, respectively). Most of the mortality events caused by diazinon involved waterfowl. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Analyt Control Facil, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Franson, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM chris_franson@usgs.gov OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 44 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 IS 4 BP 542 EP 550 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-3065-y PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 814FI UT WOS:000220960200016 PM 15253053 ER PT J AU Ezenwa, VO AF Ezenwa, VO TI Host social behavior and parasitic infection: a multifactorial approach SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bovidae; group size; group living; parasite prevalence; parasite richness; strongyle nematodes; territoriality ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; GROUP-SIZE; FECAL EGG; COLONIALITY; RICHNESS; ECOLOGY; PREVALENCE; ANTELOPE; SWALLOW; DISADVANTAGES AB I examined associations between several components of host social organization, including group size and gregariousness, group stability, territoriality and social class, and gastrointestinal parasite load in African bovids. At an intraspecific level, group size was positively correlated with parasite prevalence, but only when the parasite was relatively host specific and only among host species living in stable groups. Social class was also an important predictor of infection rates. Among gazelles, territorial males had higher parasite intensities than did either bachelor males or females and juveniles, suggesting that highly territorial individuals may be either more exposed or more susceptible to parasites. Associations among territoriality, grouping, and parasitism were also found across taxa. Territorial host genera were more likely to be infected with strongyle nematodes than were nonterritorial hosts, and gregarious hosts were more infected than were solitary hosts. Analyses also revealed that gregariousness and territoriality had an interactive effect on individual parasite richness, whereby hosts with both traits harbored significantly more parasite groups than did hosts with only one or neither trait. Overall, study results indicate that multiple features of host social behavior influence infection risk and suggest that synergism between traits also has important effects on host parasite load. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ezenwa, VO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 521, Reston, VA 20194 USA. EM vezenwa@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 5 U2 42 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 15 IS 3 BP 446 EP 454 DI 10.1093/beheco/arh028 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 822RC UT WOS:000221556500011 ER PT J AU Leenheer, JA Noyes, TI Rostad, CE Davisson, ML AF Leenheer, JA Noyes, TI Rostad, CE Davisson, ML TI Characterization and origin of polar dissolved organic matter from the Great Salt Lake SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE algae; bacteria; dissolved organic carbon; dissolved organic matter; salt water ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; C-14; CARBON; GROUNDWATER AB Polar dissolved organic matter (DOM) was isolated from a surface-water sample from the Great Salt Lake by separating it from colloidal organic matter by membrane dialysis, from less-polar DOM fractions by resin sorbents, and from inorganic salts by a combination of sodium cation exchange followed by precipitation of sodium salts by acetic acid during evaporative concentration. Polar DOM was the most abundant DOM fraction, accounting for 56% of the isolated DOM. Colloidal organic matter was C-14-age dated to be about 100% modern carbon and all of the DOM fractions were C-14-age dated to be between 94 and 95% modern carbon. Average structural models of each DOM fraction were derived that incorporated quantitative elemental and infrared, C-13-NMR, and electrospray/mass spectrometric data. The polar DOM model consisted of open-chain N-acetyl hydroxy carboxylic acids likely derived from N-acetyl heteropolysaccharides that constituted the colloidal organic matter. The less polar DOM fraction models consisted of aliphatic alicyclic ring structures substituted with carboxyl, hydroxyl, ether, ester, and methyl groups. These ring structures had characteristics similar to terpenoid precursors. All DOM fractions in the Great Salt Lake are derived from algae and bacteria that dominate DOM inputs in this lake. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Leenheer, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 408,Bldg 95, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM leenheer@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 26 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1 BP 125 EP 141 DI 10.1023/B:BIOG.0000031044.16410.27 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 827UX UT WOS:000221929800007 ER PT J AU Fondell, TF Ball, IJ AF Fondell, TF Ball, IJ TI Density and success of bird nests relative to grazing on western Montana grasslands SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE grassland; grazing; ground-nesting birds; nest density; nest success ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; SIMULATED GROUND NESTS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NORTH-DAKOTA; SAVANNAH SPARROW; CENTRAL ILLINOIS; SHORT-DURATION; HABITAT; POPULATIONS; VEGETATION AB Grassland birds are declining at a faster rate than any other group of North American bird species. Livestock grazing is the primary economic use of grasslands in the western United States, but the effects of this use on distribution and productivity of grassland birds are unclear. We examined nest density and success of ground-nesting birds on grazed and ungrazed grasslands in western Montana. In comparison to grazed plots, ungrazed plots had reduced forb cover, increased litter cover, increased litter depth, and increased visual obstruction readings (VOR) of vegetation. Nest density among 10 of 11 common bird species was most strongly correlated with VOR of plots, and greatest nest density for each species occured where mean VOR of the plot was similar to mean VOR at nests. Additionally, all bird species were relatively consistent in their choice of VOR at nests despite substantial differences in VOR among plots. We suggest that birds selected plots based in part on availability of suitable nest sites and that variation in nest density relative to grazing reflected the effect of grazing on availability of nest sites. Nest success was similar between grazed plots and ungrazed plots for two species but was lower for nests on grazed plots than on ungrazed plots for two other species because of increased rates of predation, trampling, or parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Other species nested almost exclusively on ungrazed plots (six species) or grazed plots (one species), precluding evaluation of the effects of grazing on nest success. We demonstrate that each species in a diverse suite of ground-nesting birds preferentially used certain habitats for nesting and that grazing altered availability of preferred nesting habitats through changes in vegetation structure and plant species composition. We also show that grazing directly or indirectly predisposed some bird species to increased nesting mortality. Management alternatives that avoid intensive grazing during the breeding season would be expected to benefit many grassland bird species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Fondell, TF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM tom_fondell@usgs.gov NR 77 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 117 IS 2 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00293-3 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 804XJ UT WOS:000220331100008 ER PT J AU Gaydos, JK Balcomb, KC Osborne, RW Dierauf, L AF Gaydos, JK Balcomb, KC Osborne, RW Dierauf, L TI Evaluating potential infectious disease threats for southern resident killer whales, Orcinus orca: a model for endangered species SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE endangered species; infectious diseases; killer whale; Orcinus orca; wildlife diseases ID BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; MARINE MAMMALS; MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION; STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; STRIPED DOLPHINS; LAGENORHYNCHUS-OBLIQUIDENS; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; HARBOR PORPOISE AB Infectious diseases have the potential to play a role in the decline of threatened wildlife populations, as well as negatively affect their long-term viability, but determining which infectious agents present risks can be difficult. The southern resident killer whale, Orcinus orca, population is endangered and little is known about infectious diseases in this species. Using available reference literature, we identified 15 infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) reported in free-ranging and captive killer whales, as well as 28 additional infectious agents reported in free-ranging and captive odontocete species sympatric to southern resident killer whales. Infectious agents were scored as having a high, medium, or low ability to affect fecundity or reproductive success, to cause disease in individual animals, and to cause epizootics. Marine Brucella spp., cetacean poxvirus, cetacean morbilliviruses, and herpesviruses were identified as high priority pathogens that warrant further study. Using identified pathogens to develop a standardized necropsy and disease testing protocol for southern resident killer whales and sympatric odontocetes will improve future efforts to better understand the impacts of priority and non-priority infectious agents on southern resident killer whales. This model can be used to evaluate potential infectious disease risks in other threatened wildlife populations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Marine Ecosyst Hlth Program, Orcas Isl Off, Eastsound, WA 98245 USA. Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. Whale Museum, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Gaydos, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Marine Ecosyst Hlth Program, Orcas Isl Off, 982 Deer Harbor Rd, Eastsound, WA 98245 USA. EM jkgaydos@ucdavis.edu OI Gaydos, Joseph/0000-0001-6599-8797 NR 67 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 117 IS 3 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1016/biocon.2003.07.004 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 810KJ UT WOS:000220702900004 ER PT J AU Marra, PP Griffing, S Caffrey, C Kilpatrick, AM McLean, R Brand, C Saito, E Dupuis, AP Kramer, L Novak, R AF Marra, PP Griffing, S Caffrey, C Kilpatrick, AM McLean, R Brand, C Saito, E Dupuis, AP Kramer, L Novak, R TI West Nile virus and wildlife SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; disease ecology; birds; mosquitoes; pest management ID NEW-YORK-CITY; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; CULEX MOSQUITOS; BIRDS; TRANSMISSION; CULICIDAE; IDENTIFICATION AB West Nile virus (WNV) has spread rapidly across North America, resulting in human deaths and in the deaths of untold numbers of birds, mammals, and reptiles. The virus has reached Central America and the Caribbean and may spread to Hawaii and South America. Although tens of thousands of birds have died, and studies of some bird species show local declines, few regionwide declines can be attributed to WNV Predicting future impacts of WNV on wildlife, and pinpointing what drives epidemics, will require substantial additional research into host susceptibility, reservoir competency, and linkages between climate, mosquitoes, and disease. Such work will entail a collaborative effort between scientists in governmental research groups, in surveillance and control programs, and in nongovernmental organizations. West Nile virus was not the first, and it will not be the lost, exotic disease to be introduced to the New World. Its spread in North America highlights the need to strengthen animal monitoring programs and to integrate them with research on disease ecology. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Audubon Sci, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. Consortium Conservat Med, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Arbovirus Labs, Griffin Lab, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Marra, PP (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM marrap@si.edu NR 68 TC 115 Z9 121 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAY PY 2004 VL 54 IS 5 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0393:WNVAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 820TJ UT WOS:000221411900008 ER PT J AU Strayer, DL Downing, JA Haag, WR King, TL Layzer, JB Newton, TJ Nichols, SJ AF Strayer, DL Downing, JA Haag, WR King, TL Layzer, JB Newton, TJ Nichols, SJ TI Changing perspectives on pearly mussels, North America's most imperiled animals SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Unionidae; endangered species; spatial structure; food and feeding; life history ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; JUVENILE RAINBOW MUSSELS; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; MICROHABITAT USE; EXTINCTION DEBT; LIFE-HISTORY; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; RIVER AB Pearly mussels (Unionacea) are widespread, abundant, and important in freshwater ecosystems around the world. Catastrophic declines in pearly in mussel populations in North America and other parts of the world have led too flurry of research on mussel biology, ecology, and conservation. Recent research on mussel feeding, life history, spatial patterning, and declines has augmented, modified, or overturned long-held ideas about the ecology of these animals. Pearly mussel research has begun to benefit from and contribute to current ideas about suspension feeding, life-history theory, metapopulations, flow refuges, spatial patterning and its effects, and management of endangered species. At the same time, significant gaps in understanding and apparent paradoxes in pearly mussel ecology have been exposed. To conserve remaining mussel populations, scientists and managers must simultaneously and aggressively pursue both rigorous research and conservation actions. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, USGS, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. USGS, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Strayer, DL (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, POB AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM strayerd@ccostudies.org RI Strayer, David/H-3788-2011; OI Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 NR 67 TC 258 Z9 274 U1 4 U2 55 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAY PY 2004 VL 54 IS 5 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0429:CPOPMN]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 820TJ UT WOS:000221411900011 ER PT J AU Estes, JA Danner, EM Doak, DF Konar, B Springer, AM Steinberg, PD Tinker, MT Williams, TM AF Estes, JA Danner, EM Doak, DF Konar, B Springer, AM Steinberg, PD Tinker, MT Williams, TM TI Complex trophic interactions in kelp forest ecosystems SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium in Fisheries Ecology CY NOV 05-07, 2002 CL Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL SP William R & Lenore Mote Endowment, Florida State Univ HO Mote Marine Lab ID SEA OTTER POPULATION; AMCHITKA-ISLAND; KILLER WHALES; FOOD WEBS; TEMPERATE AUSTRALASIA; BODY-SIZE; ALASKA; COMMUNITY; PREDATION; DYNAMICS AB The distributions and abundances of species and populations change almost continuously. Understanding the processes responsible is perhaps ecology's most fundamental challenge. Kelp-forest ecosystems in southwest Alaska have undergone several phase shifts between alga- and herbivore-dominated states in recent decades. Overhunting and recovery of sea otters caused the earlier shifts. Studies focusing on these changes demonstrate the importance of top-down forcing processes, a variety of indirect foodweb interactions associated with the otter-urchin-kelp trophic cascade, and the role of food-chain length in the coevolution of defense and resistance in plants and their herbivores. This system unexpectedly shifted back to all herbivore-dominated state during the 1990s, because of a sea-otter population collapse that apparently was driven by increased predation by killer whales. Reasons for this change remain uncertain but seem to be linked to the whole-sale collapse of marine mammals in the North Pacific Ocean and southern Bering Sea. We hypothesize that killer whales sequentially "fished down" pinniped and sea-otter populations after their earlier prey, the great whales, were decimated by commercial whaling. The dynamics of kelp forests in southwest Alaska thus appears to have been influenced by an ecological chain reaction that encompassed numerous species and large scales of space and time. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Ctr Ocean Hlth, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99772 USA. RP Estes, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Ctr Ocean Hlth, US Geol Survey, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RI Bond, Alexander/A-3786-2010; Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011 NR 63 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 79 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 74 IS 3 BP 621 EP 638 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 845ZG UT WOS:000223283600010 ER PT J AU Wintzer, AP Motta, PJ AF Wintzer, AP Motta, PJ TI The effects of temperature on prey-capture kinematics of the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): implications for feeding studies SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID FROG XENOPUS-LAEVIS; THERMAL-DEPENDENCE; LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; GINGLYMOSTOMA-CIRRATUM; MYOXOCEPHALUS-SCORPIUS; FUNCTIONAL-MORPHOLOGY; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; SPRINT PERFORMANCE; BUFO-AMERICANUS; NURSE SHARK AB Research with ectothermic organisms has demonstrated that temperature is positively correlated with an individual's power output during locomotion. This study investigates the effect of temperature on another aspect of power output, prey-capture kinematics, of the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819). Feeding sequences for two treatments of four sunfish were filmed at three temperatures (18, 24, and 30 degreesC) with one treatment (A) experiencing an increasing range of temperatures and the other (B) experiencing a decreasing temperature range. Directional temperatures affected prey-capture kinematics. The time required to achieve maximum lower jaw depression and maximum gape, as well as the duration of maximum gape, time to close the mouth (from the point of maximum gape), and the total bite duration, increased as water temperature decreased. In addition, both the time to maximum gape and the time to maximum lower jaw depression were longer at 18 degreesC for individuals in treatment A than those in treatment B. These results indicate that water temperature can bias the results of feeding studies employing kinematics that do not control for its effects as well as those that make comparisons across such studies which utilize different temperatures and taxa. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Wintzer, AP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4001 N Wilson Way, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. EM alpa@wintzer.us NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 82 IS 5 BP 794 EP 799 DI 10.1139/Z04-061 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 869YO UT WOS:000225021400015 ER PT J AU Manabe, S Wetherald, RT Milly, PCD Delworth, TL Stouffer, RJ AF Manabe, S Wetherald, RT Milly, PCD Delworth, TL Stouffer, RJ TI Century-scale change in water availability: CO2-quadrupling experiment SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; SUMMER DRYNESS; CLIMATE; OCEAN; CO2 AB It has been suggested that, unless a major effort is made, the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide may rise above four times the pre-industrial level in a few centuries. Here we use a coupled atmosphere-ocean-land model to explore the response of the global water cycle to such a large increase in carbon dioxide, focusing on river discharge and soil moisture. Our results suggest that water is going to be more plentiful in those regions of the world that are already 'water-rich'. However, water stresses will increase significantly in regions and seasons that are already relatively dry. This could pose a very challenging problem for water-resource management around the world. For soil moisture, our results indicate reductions during much of the year in many semi-arid regions of the world, such as the southwestern region of North America, the northeastern region of China, the Mediterranean coast of Europe, and the grasslands of Australia and Africa. In some of these regions, soil moisture values are reduced by almost a factor of two during the dry season. The drying in semi-arid regions is likely to induce the outward expansion of deserts to the surrounding regions. Over extensive regions of both the Eurasian and North American continents in high and middle latitudes, soil moisture decreases in summer but increases in winter, in contrast to the situation in semi-arid regions. For river discharge, our results indicate an average increase of similar to15% during the next few centuries. The discharges from Arctic rivers such as the Mackenzie and Ob' increase by much larger fractions. In the tropics, the discharges from the Amazonas and Ganga-Brahmaputra also increase considerably. However, the percentage changes in runoff from other tropical and many mid-latitude rivers are smaller. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. US Geol Survey, GFDL, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Manabe, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, POB CN710,Sayre Hall,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM manabe@splash.princeton.edu RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 NR 23 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAY PY 2004 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 76 DI 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000024674.37725.ca PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 813ST UT WOS:000220927500005 ER PT J AU Donahue, SW Vaughan, MR Demers, LM Donahue, HJ AF Donahue, SW Vaughan, MR Demers, LM Donahue, HJ TI Serum markers of bone metabolism show bone loss in hibernating bears - Reply SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Musculoskeletal Res Lab, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Donahue, SW (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 IS 422 BP 283 EP 284 DI 10.1097/01.blo.0000129554.294520.f0 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 824XW UT WOS:000221721500058 ER PT J AU Pearce, JM Talbot, SL Pierson, BJ Petersen, MR Scribner, KT Dickson, DL Mosbech, A AF Pearce, JM Talbot, SL Pierson, BJ Petersen, MR Scribner, KT Dickson, DL Mosbech, A TI Lack of spatial genetic structure among nesting and wintering King Eiders SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE gene flow; King Eider; microsatellites; mitochondrial DNA; population genetic differentiation; seaduck; Somateria spectabilis ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS; REPEAT POLYMORPHISMS; COLONIZATION HISTORY; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL TESTS; CANADA GEESE AB The King Eider (Somateria spectabilis) has been delineated into two broadly distributed breeding populations in North America (the western and eastern Arctic) on the basis of banding data and their use of widely separated Pacific and Atlantic wintering areas. Little is known about the level of gene flow between these two populations. Also unknown is whether behavioral patterns common among migratory waterfowl, such as site fidelity to wintering areas and pair formation at these sites, have existed for sufficient time to create a population structure defined by philopatry to wintering rather than to nesting locations. We used six nuclear microsatellite DNA loci and cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA sequence data to estimate the extent of spatial genetic differentiation among nesting and wintering areas of King Eiders across North America and adjacent regions. Estimates of interpopulation variance in microsatellite allele and mtDNA haplotype frequency were both low and nonsignificant based on samples from three wintering and four nesting areas. Results from nested clade analysis, mismatch distributions, and coalescent-based analyses suggest historical population growth and gene flow that collectively may have homogenized gene frequencies. The presence of several unique mtDNA haplotypes among birds wintering near Greenland suggests that gene flow may now be more limited between the western and eastern Arctic, which is consistent with banding data. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6B 2X3, Canada. Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Arctic Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM john_pearce@usgs.gov RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011; Mosbech, Anders/J-6591-2013 OI Mosbech, Anders/0000-0002-7581-7037 NR 67 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 13 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.1650/7357 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 818SE UT WOS:000221264000002 ER PT J AU Ward, DH Schmutz, JA Sedinger, JS Bollinger, KS Martin, PD Anderson, BA AF Ward, DH Schmutz, JA Sedinger, JS Bollinger, KS Martin, PD Anderson, BA TI Temporal and geographic variation in survival of juvenile Black Brant SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Black Brant; Branta bernicla nigricans; fall migration; juveniles; survival ID GREATER SNOW GEESE; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; MODEL SELECTION; MARKED ANIMALS; BARNACLE GEESE; IZEMBEK LAGOON; RECAPTURE DATA; EMPEROR GEESE; BODY-SIZE; POPULATION AB First-year survival has important implications for the structure and growth of populations. We examined variation in seasonal survival of first-year Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) marked late in summer in Alaska at two brood-rearing areas on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Tutakoke and Kokechik) and one area on the Arctic Coastal Plain to provide insight into the magnitude and timing of mortality during fall migration. First-year survival was lower in early fall (15 July - 1 October), when birds fledged from brood-rearing areas and migrated to their primary fall staging area at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska, than during late fall and early winter (1 October - 15 February), when birds made a long-distance transoceanic flight (>5000 km) to wintering areas in Baja California, Mexico. When compared to other years, monthly survival during early fall was 20-24% lower in 1992, the year of latest hatch dates and slowest growth of goslings. There was strong evidence to indicate that survival varied geographically within the early fall period. Monthly survival estimates during early fall were lowest for birds from Tutakoke, highest for birds from the Arctic Coastal Plain, and intermediate at Kokechik. Our findings revealed that most juvenile mortality occurred during the first 2 months following banding, and variation in juvenile survival during this period was likely influenced significantly by environmental parameters and habitat conditions on the breeding grounds. Monthly survival estimates during the subsequent 4 months were similar across geographic areas, and long-distance migration was likely the most important contributor to juvenile mortality during this period. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US State Fish & Wildlife Serv, No Alaska Ecol Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Alaska Biol Res Inc, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. RP Ward, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM david_ward@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 17 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1650/7387 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 818SE UT WOS:000221264000005 ER PT J AU Bowman, TD Stehn, RA Scribner, KT AF Bowman, TD Stehn, RA Scribner, KT TI Glaucous gull predation of goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE DNA microsatellite; Emperor Goose; Glaucous Gull; goslings; Larus hyperboreus; predation; waterfowl ID AERIAL SURVEYS; EMPEROR GEESE; BLACK BRANT; SURVIVAL AB Glaucous Gulls (Larus hyperboreus) nesting on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta frequently prey on juvenile waterfowl. We collected 434 Glaucous Gulls from late June to early August 1994 to examine diet. Identification of undigested prey tissue, based on DNA microsatellite loci, showed three species of goslings in gull stomachs: Emperor Goose (Chen canagica), White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons), and Cackling Canada Goose (Branta canadensis minima). Gulls that nested inland and were collected >1.6 km from the coast accounted for approximately 70% of the total gull predation on Emperor and Canada Geese, and 96% on White-fronted Geese. Our stratified sample of gull stomachs and aerial survey estimates of population size and distribution of gulls and juvenile geese enabled extrapolation of species-specific predation rates to the entire Y-K Delta. We estimated that a minimum of 21 000 Emperor Goose, 34 000 Canada Goose, and 16 000 White-fronted Goose goslings were consumed by 12 600 Glaucous Gulls during the brood-rearing period on the Y-K Delta in 1994. Minimum estimated take by gulls represented 33% of Cackling Canada Goose, 47% of Emperor Goose, and 39% of White-fronted Goose eggs estimated to have hatched in the same area as gull collections. Gulls selected the three species of geese approximately in proportion to their abundance. Although gull predation caused significant gosling mortality, its role in regulating goose populations on Y-K Delta remains unresolved. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Bowman, TD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM tim_bowman@fws.gov NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 288 EP 298 DI 10.1650/7326 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 818SE UT WOS:000221264000007 ER PT J AU Schroeder, MA Aldridge, CL Apa, AD Bohne, JR Braun, CE Bunnell, SD Connelly, JW Deibert, PA Gardner, SC Hilliard, MA Kobriger, GD McAdam, SM McCarthy, CW McCarthy, JJ Mitchell, DL Rickerson, EV Stiver, SJ AF Schroeder, MA Aldridge, CL Apa, AD Bohne, JR Braun, CE Bunnell, SD Connelly, JW Deibert, PA Gardner, SC Hilliard, MA Kobriger, GD McAdam, SM McCarthy, CW McCarthy, JJ Mitchell, DL Rickerson, EV Stiver, SJ TI Distribution of Sage-Grouse in North America SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus minimus; Centrocercus urophasianus; distribution; Greater Sage-Grouse; Gunnison Sage-Grouse; habitat change ID INTERIOR COLUMBIA BASIN; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; SOUTHWESTERN COLORADO; SAGEBRUSH; CONSERVATION; MOVEMENTS; HABITATS; CANADA; IDAHO; WEST AB We revised distribution maps of potential presettlement habitat and current populations for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and Gunnison Sage-Grouse (C. minimus) in North America. The revised map of potential presettlement habitat included some areas omitted from previously published maps such as the San Luis Valley of Colorado and Jackson area of Wyoming. Areas excluded from the revised maps were those dominated by barren, alpine, and forest habitats. The resulting presettlement distribution of potential habitat for Greater Sage-Grouse encompassed 1 200 483 km(2), With the species' current range 668 412 km(2). The distribution of potential Gunnison Sage-Grouse habitat encompassed 46 521 km(2), with the current range 4787 km(2). The dramatic differences between the potential presettlement and current distributions appear related to habitat alteration and degradation, including the adverse effects of cultivation, fragmentation, reduction of sagebrush and native herbaceous cover, development, introduction and expansion of invasive plant species, encroachment by trees, and issues related to livestock grazing. C1 Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Bridgeport, WA 98813 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Colorado Div Wildlife, Grand Junction, CO 81505 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. Grouse Inc, Tucson, AZ 85750 USA. Natl Sage Grouse Conservat Planning Framework Tea, Midway, UT 84049 USA. Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Pocatello, ID 83204 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. US Bur Land Management, Washington, DC 20240 USA. N Dakota Game & Fish Dept, Dickinson, ND 58601 USA. Saskatchewan Environm, Swift Current, SK S9H 4G3, Canada. US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84403 USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Helena, MT 59601 USA. Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Salem, OR 97303 USA. Nevada Div Wildlife, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Schroeder, MA (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, POB 1077, Bridgeport, WA 98813 USA. EM schromas@dfw.wa.gov RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011 NR 95 TC 157 Z9 163 U1 6 U2 70 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 363 EP 376 DI 10.1650/7425 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 818SE UT WOS:000221264000014 ER PT J AU Litzow, MA Piatt, JF Abookire, AA Speckman, SG Arimitsu, ML Figurski, JD AF Litzow, MA Piatt, JF Abookire, AA Speckman, SG Arimitsu, ML Figurski, JD TI Spatiotemporal predictability of schooling and nonschooling prey of Pigeon Guillemots SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Cepphus; demersal; foraging; pelagic provisioning; quality-variability trade-off; seabirds ID CEPPHUS-COLUMBA; ABUNDANCE; ALASKA AB Low spatiotemporal variability in the abundance of nonschooling prey might allow Pigeon Guillemots (Cepphus columba) to maintain the high chick provisioning rates that are characteristic of the species. We tested predictions of this hypothesis with data collected with beach seines and scuba and hydroacoustic surveys in Kachemak Bay, Alaska, during 1996-1999. Coefficients of variability were 20-211 % greater for schooling than nonschooling prey on day, seasonal, and km scales. However, the proportion of schooling prey in chick diets explained relatively little variability in Pigeon Guillemot meal delivery rates at the scale of hours (r(2) = 0.07) and weeks (r(2) = 0.19). Behavioral adaptations such as flexible time budgets likely ameliorate the negative effects of high resource variability, but we propose that these adaptations are only effective when schooling prey are available at distances well below the maximum foraging range of the species. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Litzow, MA (reprint author), Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, 301 Res Ct, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM mike_litzow@yahoo.com NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 410 EP 415 DI 10.1650/7330 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 818SE UT WOS:000221264000021 ER PT J AU Sauer, JR Link, WA Royle, JA AF Sauer, JR Link, WA Royle, JA TI Estimating population trends with a linear model: Technical comments SO CONDOR LA English DT Editorial Material DE BBS; estimation; North American Breeding Bird Survey; population change; surveys; trends ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; LAND BIRDS; COUNT DATA; CONSERVATION AB Controversy has sometimes arisen over whether there is a need to accommodate the limitations of survey design in estimating population change from the count data collected in bird surveys. Analyses of surveys such as the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) can be quite complex; it is natural to ask if the complexity is necessary, or whether the statisticians have run amok. Bart et al. (2003) propose a very simple analysis involving nothing more complicated than simple linear regression, and contrast their approach with model-based procedures. We review the assumptions implicit to their proposed method, and document that these assumptions are unlikely to be valid for surveys such as the BBS. One fundamental limitation of a purely design-based approach is the absence of controls for factors that influence detection of birds at survey sites. We show that failure to model observer effects in survey data leads to substantial bias in estimation of population trends from BBS data for the 20 species that Bart et al. (2003) used as the basis of their simulations. Finally, we note that the simulations presented in Bart et al. (2003) do not provide a useful evaluation of their proposed method, nor do they provide a valid comparison to the estimating equations alternative they consider. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Sauer, JR (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM john_r_sauer@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1650/7431 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 818SE UT WOS:000221264000026 ER PT J AU Bart, J Collins, B Morrison, RIG AF Bart, J Collins, B Morrison, RIG TI Estimating trends with a linear model: Reply to Sauer et al. SO CONDOR LA English DT Editorial Material DE bias; Breeding Bird Survey; indices; trends AB Sauer et al. (2004) advocate the use of trend estimation models that adjust counts for differences among observers. We agree that such adjustments are sometimes needed, and we noted (Bart et al. 2003) that they may readily be carried out prior to using the estimation method we described. Including observer covariates, however, is not always necessary and substantially reduces precision, as Sauer et al. (2004) acknowledge. Furthermore, under plausible conditions, including observer covariables introduces bias rather than removing it. In addition, the weighting scheme used in the estimating-equations approach may introduce bias. Our method avoids these sources of bias, is simpler and more flexible than the estimating equations approach (e.g., carrying out power and sample-size calculations is much easier with our approach), and has smaller standard errors than the estimating-equations approach, especially when counts fluctuate widely. Model-based methods, including the estimating-equations approach, also have advantages, particularly in assessing complex influences on the counts. We recommend that analysts consider both approaches; comparing results obtained with the different methods may be especially informative. C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Carleton Univ, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. RP Bart, J (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM jon_bart@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 440 EP 443 DI 10.1650/7557 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 818SE UT WOS:000221264000027 ER PT J AU Jones, IL AF Jones, IL TI An experimental study of the function of crested auklet feather odor, (vol 106, pg 73, 2004) SO CONDOR LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Jones, IL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 448 EP 448 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 818SE UT WOS:000221264000028 ER PT J AU Hildreth, W Fierstein, J Siems, DF Budahn, JR Ruiz, J AF Hildreth, W Fierstein, J Siems, DF Budahn, JR Ruiz, J TI Rear-arc vs. arc-front volcanoes in the Katmai reach of the Alaska Peninsula: a critical appraisal of across-arc compositional variation SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Review ID SUBDUCTION-ZONE MAGMATISM; TRACE-ELEMENT TRANSPORT; ISLAND-ARC; U-SERIES; MANTLE WEDGE; OCEANIC-CRUST; NATIONAL-PARK; TH-230-U-238 DISEQUILIBRIUM; DEHYDRATION PROCESSES; SOUTHERN WASHINGTON AB Physical and compositional data and K-Ar ages are reported for 14 rear-arc volcanoes that lie 11-22 km behind the narrowly linear volcanic front defined by the Mount Katmai-to-Devils Desk chain on the Alaska Peninsula. One is a 30-km(3) stratocone (Mount Griggs; 51-63% SiO2) active intermittently from 292 ka to Holocene. The others are monogenetic cones, domes, lava flows, plugs, and maars, of which 12 were previously unnamed and unstudied; they include seven basalts (48-52% SiO2), four mafic andesites (53-55% SiO2), and three andesite-dacite units. Six erupted in the interval 500-88 ka, one historically in 1977, and five in the interval 3-2 Ma. No migration of the volcanic front is discernible since the late Miocene, so even the older units erupted well behind the front. Discussion explores the significance of the volcanic front and the processes that influence compositional overlaps and differences among mafic products of the rear-are volcanoes and of the several arc-front edifices nearby. The latter have together erupted a magma volume of about 200 km(3), at least four times that of all rear-arc products combined. Correlation of Sr-isotope ratios with indices of fractionation indicates crustal contributions in volcanic-front magmas (0.7033-0.7038), but lack of such trends among the rear-arc units (0.70298-0.70356) suggests weaker and less systematic crustal influence. Slab contributions and mantle partial-melt fractions both appear to decline behind the front, but neither trend is crisp and unambiguous. No intraplate mantle contribution is recognized nor is any systematic across-are difference in intrinsic mantlewedge source fertility discerned. Both rear-arc and arc-front basalts apparently issued from fluxing of typically fertile NMORB-source mantle beneath the Peninsular terrane, which docked here in the Mesozoic. C1 US Geol Survey, Vocano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hildreth, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vocano Hazards Team, MS-910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hildreth@usgs.gov NR 125 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 147 IS 3 BP 243 EP 275 DI 10.1007/s00410-004-0558-2 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 825NP UT WOS:000221765500001 ER PT J AU Celebi, M Sanli, A Sinclair, M Gallant, S Radulescu, D AF Celebi, M Sanli, A Sinclair, M Gallant, S Radulescu, D TI Real-time seismic monitoring needs of a building owner-and the solution: A cooperative effort SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB A recently implemented advanced seismic monitoring system for a 24-story building facilitates recording of accelerations and computing displacements and drift ratios in near-real time to measure the earthquake performance of the building. The drift ratio is related to the damage condition of the specific building. This system meets the owner's needs for rapid quantitative input to assessments and decisions on post-earthquake occupancy. The system is now successfully working and, in absence of strong shaking to date, is producing low-amplitude data in real time for routine analyses and assessment. Studies of such data to date indicate that the configured monitoring system with its building specific software can be a useful tool in rapid assessment of buildings and other structures following an earthquake. Such systems can be used for health monitoring of a building, for assessing performance-based design and analyses procedures, for long-term assessment of structural characteristics, and for long-term damage detection. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Dugenkolb Engineers, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. Digitexx, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 333 EP 346 DI 10.1193/1.1735987 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 951VM UT WOS:000230959900003 ER PT J AU Golet, GH Schmutz, JA Irons, DB Estes, JA AF Golet, GH Schmutz, JA Irons, DB Estes, JA TI Determinants of reproductive costs in the long-lived Black-legged Kittiwake: A multiyear experiment SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE Black-legged Kittiwake; body condition; brood manipulation; corticosterone; cost of reproduction; energy expenditure; life history trade-off; mark-recapture; parental investment; Prince William Sound, Alaska,(USA); Rissa tridactyla; survival ID DEPENDENT LIFE-HISTORIES; YELLOW-NOSED ALBATROSS; BREEDING BLUE TITS; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; BROOD SIZE; CLUTCH SIZE; GREAT TIT; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; BODY CONDITION AB We studied reproductive costs of Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in Prince William Sound, Alaska (USA) by removing entire clutches from randomly selected nests over four successive years,and then contrasting survival and fecundity of adults from manipulated and unmanipulated nests in each subsequent year. To elucidate mechanisms that lead to the expression of reproductive costs, we simultaneously characterized several behavioral and physiological parameters among adults in the two treatment groups. We also examined naturally nonbreeding adults that previously bred to determine their survival and future nonbreeding probabilities. Food availability varied during the study,being generally poor at the onset, and improving in later years. Adult nest attendance and body condition (assessed late in the chick-rearing period) varied accordingly among years, and between adults raising chicks and adults that had their eggs, removed. Adults from unmanipulated nests incurred significant survival costs in all years, although fecundity costs were strongly expressed in only one of four years. Neither survival nor fecundity costs were strongly influenced by body condition or food availability, and no difference in reproductive costs was detected between the sexes. Although unmanipulated breeders survived at lower rates than manipulated breeders due to costs of reproduction, their survival rates were elevated compared to those of natural nonbreeders, presumably due to differences in individual ability. These findings indicate that models of adult survival must consider not only an organism's reproductive state, but also the factors that lead to that state. Although body condition appeared to be weakly related to survival, it was insufficient to explain the full magnitude of survival costs observed. We suggest that other parameters that were found to differ between treatment groups (e.g., rates of energy turnover, baseline levels of stress, and patterns of,allocating body reserves) may be,important mechanistic determinants of reproductive costs in kittiwakes, and potentially other long-lived species. Future efforts should move beyond simple assessments of body condition and toward more integrated measures of physiological condition when attempting to identify factors that influence how long-lived species balance the costs and benefits of reproduction. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Nature Conservancy, Sacramento River Project, 500 Main St, Chico, CA 95928 USA. EM ggolet@tnc.org NR 138 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 74 IS 2 BP 353 EP 372 DI 10.1890/02-4029 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 815NO UT WOS:000221049200008 ER PT J AU Testa, JW AF Testa, JW TI Interaction of top-down and bottom-up life history trade-offs in moose (Alces alces) SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alces alces; brown bears; costs of reproduction; models; moose; population dynamics; predator-prey; ungulates; wolves ID SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; PREDATOR-PREY DYNAMICS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; POPULATION; YUKON; SURVIVAL; MAMMALS; WOLVES; MODELS; LEVEL AB Moose (Alces alces) in south-central Alaska have been found to have phenotypic life history trade-offs that can be partitioned into the same "bottom-up" and "topdown" trophic framework often applied at the population level. The potential interaction of these life history trade-offs was studied under varying degrees of predation and nutritional limitation using models based on data from radio-collared moose in south-central Alaska. The interaction was mildly antiregulatory, assuming that bottom-up trade-offs are density dependent. That is, as nutritional constraints increased, a female that skipped reproduction after successfully rearing a calf enhanced the survival of herself and her yearling enough in the second year to overcompensate for the loss of productivity. In a declining population, the reverse could occur, accentuating the decline. A more general, stage projection matrix was used to model a broader range of predation rates in summer and winter, in order to contrast the potential importance of bears (Ursus arctos and U. americanus) and wolves (Canis lupus) in such an interaction. The greatest effect of life history interactions on population growth occurred with moderate predation in summer and heavy predation in winter. Relative to direct ecological effects on survival and reproduction, the influence of such an interaction was relatively weak. However, subtle effects on the stability of predator-prey interactions, particularly those involving bear predation, cannot be excluded because of the antiregulatory nature of the interaction and uncertainties about class-specific vulnerability to predation in other settings. These findings underscore the relevance of understanding the alternative life history choices that arise from interactions in both directions on the food chain, particularly given-that the top-down trade-offs are usually poorly known. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Testa, JW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM Ward.Testa@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2004 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1453 EP 1459 DI 10.1890/02-0672 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 821BC UT WOS:000221433300025 ER PT J AU Duuring, P Hagemann, SG Cassidy, KF Johnson, CA AF Duuring, P Hagemann, SG Cassidy, KF Johnson, CA TI Hydrothermal alteration, ore fluid characteristics, and gold depositional processes along a trondhjemite-komatiite contact at Tarmoola, western Australia SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN-GOLDFIELDS PROVINCE; HIGH-PRESSURES; ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN ISOTOPE; QUARTZ-VEINS; SHEAR ZONES; SYSTEMS; MINERALIZATION; TEMPERATURES AB Tarmoola is a structurally controlled Archean orogenic gold deposit hosted in greenschist facies metamorphosed komatiite and trondhjemite in the Leonora district of the Eastern Goldfields province, Yilgarn craton. High-grade (>1 g/t Au) orebodies are located in komatiite wall rock adjacent to the eastern and northeastern margins of the asymmetrical, north-south-striking, Tarmoola trondhjemite intrusion. Gold-bearing veins postdate trondhjemite emplacement (ca. 2700 Ma), quartz diorite dikes (ca. 2667 Ma), and regional greenschist facies metamorphism. Textures and crosscutting relationships in gold-bearing veins indicate two stages of hydrothermal fluid infiltration associated with a single gold-related hydrothermal event: a volumetrically dominant, but gold-poor, stage I fluid and a gold-rich stage H fluid. Gold-bearing veins contain stage I milky quartz and pyrite that are overprinted by stage II quartz-ankerite-muscovite-chalcopyrite-sphalerite-galena-gold-tellurides +/- albite +/- chlorite +/- fuchsite +/- epidote +/- scheelite. Stage I hydrothermal alteration assemblages are different in trondhjemite and komatiite due to contrasting reactions between a common ore fluid and disparate wall-rock Chemistry. Stage II fluid-wall rock interaction was minor compared to stage I and is indicated by the overprinting of stage I mineral assemblages by stage II microveins. Wall-rock alteration proximal to veins in trondhjemite is characterized by replacement of igneous plagioclase, amphibole, biotite, and metamorphic chlorite by hydrothermal quartz, muscovite, ankerite, calcite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, tellurides, and gold, whereas in proximal alteration in komatiite, metamorphic chlorite and talc are replaced by ankerite, quartz, muscovite, albite, chlorite, fuchsite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, tellurides, and gold. The stage II fluid was enriched in H2O, CO2, Si, Ca, K, Na, S, Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, W, Bi, As, Mo, Zn, and Te. Based on fluid inclusion studies and stage II mineral equilibria, gold deposited from a homogeneous, neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 5.1-5.5), reduced, low-salinity (<5.5 wt % NaCl equiv) fluid that had a bulk composition of 78 mole percent H2O and 21 mole percent CO2, and trace amounts of CH4, C2H6, H-2, Ar, H2S, and He. Gold deposition occurred at 300degrees +/- 50degreesC and 0.5 to 3.0 kbars. Assuming lithostatic-fluid pressures, gold precipitated at a 2- to 10-km depth. Stage II gray quartz delta(18)O(fluid) values range from 5.9 to 7.5 per mil, whereas deltaD(fluid) values calculated from the dehydration of muscovite grains and measured directly from bulk fluid inclusion analyses of stage II gray quartz have ranges of -9 to -35 and -27 to -28 per mil, respectively. Hydrothermal ore fluids were transported from greater crustal depths to the site of gold deposition during the district-scale D, event by shallowly W dipping, reverse brittle-ductile shear zones in supracrustal rock and along the steeply east dipping trondhjemite contact. Associated subhorizontal east-west shortening caused the reactivation of the eastern trondhjemite margin and subparallel foliation, which facilitated the transport of hydrothermal fluids and the generation of gold-bearing veins and hydrothermal alteration zones in komatiite. East-west-striking fractures in trondhjemite aided the lateral migration of ore fluids away from trondhjemite margins and the formation of east-west-striking gold-bearing veins and broad alteration zones. Gold was most likely transported in the stage II fluid as bisulfide complexes. The sulfidation of trondhjemite and komatiite wall rock by the stage II fluid caused the destabilization of An bisulfide complexes and gold deposition. Potassium, Ca, and CO2 metasomatism of komatiite wall rock may have enhanced gold deposition via the acidification of the stage II fluid. The physicochemical characteristics of the Tarmoola ore fluid and relative timing of gold mineralization are consistent with the Yilgarn-wide, 2650 to 2630 Ma gold event. The host-rock chemistry, vein, and proximal wall-rock alteration mineral assemblages, and fluid temperature and pressures during gold deposition are also similar to that of earlier (ca. 2755 Ma) gold deposits in the Leonora district. C1 Univ Western Australia, Ctr Global Metallogeny, Dept Geol & Geophys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Duuring, P (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Geosci, POB 28E, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM pduurring@mail.earth.monash.edu.au NR 73 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 99 IS 3 BP 423 EP 451 DI 10.2113/99.3.423 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 828TI UT WOS:000221995800001 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, MS Gallagher, EP Gross, TS AF Sepulveda, MS Gallagher, EP Gross, TS TI Physiological changes in largemouth bass exposed to paper mill effluents under laboratory and field conditions SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE paper mill effluents; largemouth bass; hematology; liver; histology ID MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; KRAFT PULP; CHANNEL CATFISH; TERM EXPOSURE; RAINBOW-TROUT; RESIN ACIDS; FISH; TOXICITY; BIOTRANSFORMATION; GLUTATHIONE AB We report here on studies designed to asses the effects of paper mill effluents on non-reproductive functions of free-ranging and captive Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus). This was accomplished by conducting an outdoor tank study, in which fish were exposed to well water or to 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% full strength effluent for 28 or 56 days, and by sampling largemouth bass from sites within the St. Johns River, Florida, upstream and downstream from a paper mill plant. Blood and plasma samples from fish from the tank study and from fish sampled from the ambient sites were analyzed for over 20 variables. We also determined liver and spleen weights and examined them histologically. The most significant finding from the tank study was an increase in the concentration of albumin and hepatosomatic index for bass exposed to greater than or equal to20% effluents for 56 days. Spleenosomatic index and number of melanomacrophage centers were decreased in bass from effluent-dominated sites (Palatka and Rice Creek), whereas concentrations of calcium, phosphorous, glucose, and creatinine were elevated in fish from these sites, compared to fish from reference streams. Fish from Rice Creek also had fewer red blood cells, and male bass from Palatka had lower concentrations of cholesterol. Plasma concentrations of albumin and hepatic concentrations of glutathione were elevated in males from Palatka, and both females and males from Rice Creek had higher concentrations of globulin. These results indicate a complex pattern of effects of paper mill effluents on several physiological functions. However, despite the myriad of treatment and site-related effects, most physiological parameters fell within normal ranges when compared to reports on largemouth bass and other freshwater species. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USGS BRD Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM marisep@ufl.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAY PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1023/B:ECTX.0000033087.97096.f4 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 832JO UT WOS:000222264000001 PM 15344510 ER PT J AU Kynard, B Parker, E AF Kynard, B Parker, E TI Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, with notes on body color and development SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE larva; dispersal; rearing habitat; feeding; early life history; Acipenseriformes ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; ATLANTIC STURGEON; SHORTNOSE STURGEON; SUWANNEE RIVER; HUDSON RIVER; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-YORK; HISTORY AB We observed Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, in the laboratory and found free embryos ( first interval after hatching) hid under rocks and did not migrate. Thus, wild embryos should be at the spawning area. Larvae ( first interval feeding exogenously) initiated a slow downstream migration, and some juveniles ( interval with adult features) continued to migrate slowly for at least 5 months, e.g., a 1-step long larva-juvenile migration. No other population of sturgeon yet studied has this migration style. A conceptual model using this result suggests wild year-0 sturgeon have a variable downstream migration style with short-duration ( short distance) migrants and long-duration ( long distance) migrants. This migration style should widely disperse wild fish. The model is supported by field studies that found year-0 juveniles are widely dispersed in fresh water to river km 10. Thus, laboratory and field data agree that the entire freshwater reach of river downstream of spawning is nursery habitat. Foraging position of larvae and early juveniles was mostly on the bottom, but fish also spent hours holding position in the water column, an unusual feeding location for sturgeons. The holding position of fish above the bottom suggests benthic forage in the river is scarce and fish have evolved drift feeding. The unusual migration and foraging styles may be adaptations to rear in a river at the southern limit of the species range with poor rearing habitat ( low abundance of benthic forage and high summer water temperatures). Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon and Hudson River Atlantic sturgeon, A. o. oxyrinchus, are similar for initiation of migration, early habitat preference, and diel migration. The two subspecies differ greatly for migration and foraging styles, which is likely related to major differences in the quality of rearing habitat. The differences between Atlantic sturgeon populations show the need for geographical studies to represent the behavior of an entire species. C1 US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetwon Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Oranism & Evolut Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kynard, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetwon Sci Ctr, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM kynard@forwild.umass.edu NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022855.96143.95 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 809YL UT WOS:000220671900005 ER PT J AU Bryan, JL Wildhaber, ML Noltie, DB AF Bryan, JL Wildhaber, ML Noltie, DB TI Threatened fishes of the world: Noturus placidus Taylor, 1969 (Ictaluridae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article ID MIDWESTERN WARMWATER STREAM; NEOSHO MADTOM; HABITAT USE C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Bryan, JL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 ABNR, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jbryan@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 BP 80 EP 80 DI 10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022960.57494.0f PG 1 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 809YL UT WOS:000220671900009 ER PT J AU Coe, JA Michael, JA Crovelli, RA Savage, WZ Laprade, WT Nashem, WD AF Coe, JA Michael, JA Crovelli, RA Savage, WZ Laprade, WT Nashem, WD TI Probabilistic assessment of precipitation-triggered landslides using historical records of landslide occurrence, Seattle, Washington SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE binomial; historical records; landslide; Poisson; precipitation; probability; Seattle; Washington ID COAST AB Ninety years of historical landslide records were used as input to the Poisson and binomial probability models. Results from these models show that, for precipitation-triggered landslides, approximately 9 percent of the area of Seattle has annual exceedance probabilities of 1 percent or greater. Application of the Poisson model for estimating the future occurrence of individual landslides results in a worst-case scenario map, with a maximum annual exceedance probability of 25 percent on a hillslope near Duwamish Head in West Seattle. Application of the binomial model for estimating the future occurrence of a year with one or more landslides results in a map with a maximum annual exceedance probability of 17 percent (also near Duwamish Head). Slope and geology both play a role in localizing the occurrence of landslides in Seattle. A positive correlation exists between slope and mean exceedance probability, with probability tending to increase as slope increases. Sixty-four percent of all historical landslide locations are within 150 m (500 ft, horizontal distance) of the Esperance Sand/Lawton Clay contact, but within this zone, no positive or negative correlation exists between exceedance probability and distance to the contact. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Shannon & Wilson Inc, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Coe, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. OI Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 NR 49 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 10 IS 2 BP 103 EP + DI 10.2113/10.2.103 PG 26 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 909OV UT WOS:000227870100002 ER PT J AU Van Gosen, BS Lowers, HA Sutley, SJ Gent, CA AF Van Gosen, BS Lowers, HA Sutley, SJ Gent, CA TI Using the geologic setting of talc deposits as an indicator of amphibole asbestos content SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE talc; amphibole-asbestos; geologic setting; hydrothermal; metamorphic; USA ID PUBLIC-POLICY; EASTERN ALPS; CARCINOGENICITY; NOMENCLATURE; METAMORPHISM; GEOCHEMISTRY; ASBESTIFORM; MINERALOGY; MONTANA AB This study examined commercial talc deposits in the U.S. and their amphibole-asbestos content. The study found that the talc-forming environment directly influenced the amphibole and amphibole-asbestos content of the talc deposit. Large talc districts in the U.S. have mined hydrothermal talcs that replaced dolostone. Hydrothermal talcs, created by siliceous fluids heated by magmas at depth, consistently lack amphiboles as accessory minerals. In contrast, mineable talc deposits that formed by contact or regional metamorphism consistently contain amphiboles, locally as asbestiform varieties. Examples of contact metamorphic deposits occur in Death Valley, California; these talc-tremolite deposits contain accessory amphibole-asbestos. Talc bodies formed by regional metamorphism always contain amphiboles, which display a variety of compositions and habits, including asbestiform. Some industrial mineral deposits are under scrutiny as potential sources of accessory asbestos minerals. Recognizing consistent relations between the talc-forming environment and amphibole-asbestos content may be used in prioritizing remediation or monitoring of abandoned and active talc mines. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Van Gosen, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 905,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM bvangose@usgs.gov OI Van Gosen, Bradley/0000-0003-4214-3811 NR 86 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 45 IS 7 BP 920 EP 939 DI 10.1007/s00254-003-0955-2 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 825CW UT WOS:000221734600004 ER PT J AU Sparling, DW Eisemann, JD Kuenzel, W AF Sparling, DW Eisemann, JD Kuenzel, W TI Contaminant exposure and effects in red-winged blackbirds inhabiting stormwater retention ponds SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE zinc; copper; red-winged blackbirds; Agelaius phoeniceus; sediments; stormwater wetlands ID NESTLING AMERICAN KESTRELS; EXCESS DIETARY ZINC; COPPER; CHICKENS; WETLANDS; BIRDS AB Stormwater wetlands are created to retain water from storms and snow melt to reduce sediment, nutrient, and contaminant pollution of natural waterways in metropolitan areas. However, they are often a source of attractive habitat to wet land-associated wildlife. In this study of 12 stormwater wetlands and a larger, older reference site, elevated concentrations of zinc and copper were found in sediments and carcasses of 8-day-old red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) nestlings inhabiting stormwater sites. Although nesting success in the stormwater wetlands was comparable to national averages, sediment zinc concentrations correlated with clutch size, hatching success, fledgling success, and Mayfield nest success, suggesting that the nestlings may have been stressed and impaired by elevated zinc. This stress may have been direct on the nestlings or indirect through effects on the availability of food organisms. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Sparling, DW (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM don_sparling@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 719 EP 729 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-0058-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 843SC UT WOS:000223105800010 PM 15503389 ER PT J AU Haack, SK Fogarty, LR West, TG Alm, EW McGuire, JT Long, DT Hyndman, DW Forney, LJ AF Haack, SK Fogarty, LR West, TG Alm, EW McGuire, JT Long, DT Hyndman, DW Forney, LJ TI Spatial and temporal changes in microbial community structure associated with recharge-influenced chemical gradients in a contaminated aquifer SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ACCEPTING PROCESSES; CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; HYBRIDIZATION PROBES; NATURAL ATTENUATION; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; LANDFILL LEACHATE; DIVERSITY; BACTERIAL; SOIL; PATTERNS AB In a contaminated water-table aquifer, we related microbial community structure on aquifer sediments to gradients in 24 geochemical and contaminant variables at five depths, under three recharge conditions. Community amplified ribsosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) using universal 16S rDNA primers and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) using bacterial 16S rDNA primers indicated: (i) communities in the anoxic, contaminated central zone were similar regardless of recharge; (ii) after recharge, communities at greatest depth were similar to those in uncontaminated zones; and (iii) after extended lack of recharge, communities at upper and lower aquifer margins differed from communities at the same depths on other dates. General aquifer geochemistry was as important as contaminant or terminal electron accepting process (TEAP) chemistry in discriminant analysis of community groups. The Shannon index of diversity (H) and the evenness index (E), based on DGGE operational taxonomic units (OTUs), were statistically different across community groups and aquifer depths. Archaea or sulphate-reducing bacteria 16S rRNA abundance was not clearly correlated with TEAP chemistry indicative of methanogenesis or sulphate reduction. Eukarya rRNA abundance varied by depth and date from 0 to 13% of the microbial community. This contaminated aquifer is a dynamic ecosystem, with complex interactions between physical, chemical and biotic components, which should be considered in the interpretation of aquifer geochemistry and in the development of conceptual or predictive models for natural attenuation or remediation. C1 US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Haack, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6520 Mercantile Way,Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. EM skhaack@usgs.gov RI Hyndman, David/G-1576-2010 NR 43 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 6 IS 5 BP 438 EP 448 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2003.00563.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 806WR UT WOS:000220464500002 PM 15049917 ER PT J AU Beyer, WN Day, D AF Beyer, WN Day, D TI Role of manganese oxides in the exposure of mute swans (Cygnus olor) to Pb and other elements in the Chesapeake Bay, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE swans; manganese; oxides; lead; metals; Chesapeake; sediments; bioavailability ID SEDIMENT INGESTION; HEAVY-METALS; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; LEAD; ACCUMULATION; WATERFOWL; TISSUES; PLANTS; DUCKS AB The aims of this study are to estimate exposure of waterfowl to elements in contaminated sediments in the Chesapeake Bay and to consider the potential role of Mn in influencing bioavailability and exposure. Metal concentrations were measured in livers and digesta taken from mute swans living on the Aberdeen Proving Ground, whose sediment had elevated concentrations of Cu, S, Se, Zn, As, Co, Cr, Hg and Pb. Concentrations of only the first four of these elements were elevated in swan digesta. None of the concentrations detected in the digesta or livers of the swans was considered toxic, although the concentrations of Cu and Se were high compared to concentrations of these elements reported in other waterfowl. Lead was found to be scavenged by Mn and Fe oxides from the water and deposited on the surface of vegetation at a reference site. Under some environmental chemical conditions, this is an important route of exposure to Pb in waterfowl, not previously recognized. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Beyer, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12011 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM nelson_beyer@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 129 IS 2 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j,envpol.2003.10.026 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 804DM UT WOS:000220279400006 PM 14987808 ER PT J AU Kamman, NC Lorey, PM Driscoll, CT Estabrook, R Major, A Pientka, B Glassford, E AF Kamman, NC Lorey, PM Driscoll, CT Estabrook, R Major, A Pientka, B Glassford, E TI Assessment of mercury in waters, sediments, and biota of New Hampshire and Vermont lakes, USA, sampled using a geographically randomized design SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biodilution; fish tissue; mercury; water; watershed ID ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES; METHYLMERCURY; DEPOSITION; METHYLATION; TRANSPORT; WISCONSIN; MICHIGAN AB We report on mercury (Hg) contamination in waters, sediments, and biota of Vermont and New Hampshire (USA) lakes measured during 1998-2000, using a geographically randomized design. Waters and sediments of 92 lakes were sampled for mercury, methylmercury, and ancillary parameters. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) muscle tissues were analyzed for mercury on 47 of these lakes. Interannual variation in mercury was limited; only epilimnetic Hg was elevated by approximately 1.5 ng/L in 1998 over remaining years because of wet weather. Aqueous total and methylmercury concentrations were elevated in both dystrophic and eutrophic lakes over other types. Yellow perch tissue concentrations were elevated by 0.218 mug/g in dystrophic lakes over other types and were very low in eutrophic lakes. Fish tissue mercury concentrations showed no relationship to hypolimnetic or sediment mercury or methylmercury. A statistical model indicated that yellow perch tissues in 40.2 +/- 13% of lakes were likely to exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) methylmercury criterion of 0.3 mug/g, and yellow perch from New Hampshire were twice as likely to exceed the criterion as those from Vermont. Results of this study provide a regional-scale baseline against which the success of future reductions in mercury emissions can be assessed. C1 Vermont Dept Environm Conservat, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. New Hampshire Dept Environm Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Vermont Dept Fish & Wildlife, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA. RP Kamman, NC (reprint author), Vermont Dept Environm Conservat, 103 S Main 10N, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA. EM neil.kamman@anr.state.vt.us RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 43 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 13 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1172 EP 1186 DI 10.1897/03-170 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 821AT UT WOS:000221432400011 PM 15180368 ER PT J AU Landrum, PE Steevens, JA Gossiaux, DC McElroy, M Robinson, S Begnoche, L Chernyak, S Hickey, J AF Landrum, PE Steevens, JA Gossiaux, DC McElroy, M Robinson, S Begnoche, L Chernyak, S Hickey, J TI Time-dependent lethal body residues for the toxicity of pentachlorobenzene to Hyalella azteca SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lethal body residue; Hyalella azteca; pentachlorobenzene; toxicokinetics; temporal trends ID AQUATIC TOXICITY; LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; PAH TOXICITY; MODEL; BIOCONCENTRATION; TOXICOKINETICS AB The study examined the temporal response of Hyalella azteca to pentachlorobenzene (PCBZ) in water-only exposures. Toxicity was evaluated by calculating, the body residue of PCBZ associated with survival. The concentration of PCBZ in tire tissues of H. azteca associated with 50% mortality decreased from 3 to 0.5 mumol/g over the temporal range of 1 to 28 d, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the body residue calculated for 50% mortality when the value was determined Using live or dead organisms. Metabolism of PCBZ was not responsible for the temporal response because no detectable PCBZ biotransformation occurred over in exposure period of 10 d. A damage assessment model was Used to evaluate the impact and repair of damage by PCBZ on H. azteca. The toxicokinetics were determined so that the temporal toxicity data could be fit to a damage assessment model. The half-life calculated for the elimination of PCBZ averaged approximately 49 h, while the value determined for the half-life of damage repair from the damage assessment model was 33 h. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Landrum, PE (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM peter.landrum@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1335 EP 1343 DI 10.1897/03-164 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 821AT UT WOS:000221432400031 PM 15180388 ER PT J AU Ganju, NK Schoellhamer, DH Warner, JC Barad, MF Schladow, SG AF Ganju, NK Schoellhamer, DH Warner, JC Barad, MF Schladow, SG TI Tidal oscillation of sediment between a river and a bay: a conceptual model SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; estuaries; turbidity maximum; San Francisco Bay ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; TURBIDITY; ESTUARIES; UK AB A conceptual model of fine sediment transport between a river and a bay is proposed, based on observations at two rivers feeding the same bay. The conceptual model consists of river, transitional, and bay regimes. Within the transitional regime, resuspension, advection, and deposition create a mass of sediment that oscillates landward and seaward. While suspended, this sediment mass forms an estuarine turbidity maximum. At slack tides this sediment mass temporarily deposits on the bed, creating landward and seaward deposits. Tidal excursion and slack tide deposition limit the range of the sediment mass. To verify this conceptual model, data from two small tributary rivers of San Pablo Bay are presented. Tidal variability of suspended-sediment concentration markedly differs between the landward and seaward deposits, allowing interpretation of the intratidal movement of the oscillating sediment mass. Application of this model in suitable estuaries will assist in numerical model calibration as well as in data interpretation. A similar model has been applied to some larger-scale European estuaries, which bear a geometric resemblance to the systems analyzed in this study. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2003.11.020 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 820LR UT WOS:000221391100008 ER PT J AU Torgersen, CE Close, DA AF Torgersen, CE Close, DA TI Influence of habitat heterogeneity on the distribution of larval Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) at two spatial scales SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE habitat structure; larval lamprey; longitudinal pattern; scale dependency; spatial heterogeneity ID BULL TROUT; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FISH ABUNDANCE; STREAM; SELECTION; ECOLOGY; RIVER; LANDSCAPES AB 1. Spatial patterns in channel morphology and substratum composition at small (1-10 metres) and large scales (1-10 kilometres) were analysed to determine the influence of habitat heterogeneity on the distribution and abundance of larval lamprey. 2. We used a nested sampling design and multiple logistic regression to evaluate spatial heterogeneity in the abundance of larval Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, and habitat in 30 sites (each composed of twelve 1-m(2) quadrat samples) distributed throughout a 55-km section of the Middle Fork John Day River, OR, U.SA. Statistical models predicting the relative abundance of larvae both among sites (large scale) and among samples (small scale) were ranked using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to identify the 'best approximating' models from a set of a priori candidate models determined from the literature on larval lamprey habitat associations. 3. Stream habitat variables predicted patterns in larval abundance but played different roles at different spatial scales. The abundance of larvae at large scales was positively associated with water depth and open riparian canopy, whereas patchiness in larval occurrence at small scales was associated with low water velocity, channel-unit morphology (pool habitats), and the availability of habitat suitable for burrowing. 4. Habitat variables explained variation in larval abundance at large and small scales, but locational factors, such as longitudinal position (river km) and sample location within the channel unit, explained additional variation in the logistic regression model. The results emphasise the need for spatially explicit analysis, both in examining fish habitat relationships and in developing conservation plans for declining fish populations. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Confederated Tribes Umatilla Indian Reservat, Dept Nat Resources, Tribal Fisheries Program, Pendleton, OR USA. RP Torgersen, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ctorgersen@usgs.gov NR 81 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 49 IS 5 BP 614 EP 630 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01215.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 817SO UT WOS:000221197400010 ER PT J AU Gale, WL Patino, R Maule, AG AF Gale, WL Patino, R Maule, AG TI Interaction of xenobiotics with estrogen receptors alpha and beta and a putative plasma sex hormone-binding globulin from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE teleost; channel catfish; endocrine disruption; estrogen receptor; sex hormone-binding globulin; xenoestrogen ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; RAINBOW-TROUT; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; COMMON CARP; STEROID-HORMONES; TELEOST FISH; WASTE-WATER; PROTEIN SBP AB Estrogens are important regulators of physiological functions. Although environmental contaminants (xenoestrogens) which interfere with estrogen signaling are of increasing concern, there is only limited information about their ability to interact with estrogen-binding proteins (SHBG) or receptors (ER). Recombinant ERalpha and beta were obtained after transient transfection of COS-7 cells with channel catfish ER cDNA. Plasma from adult female channel catfish was the source of SHBG. Tritiated estradiol (H-3-E-2) was used in standard radioligand-binding assays to characterize the binding properties of channel catfish SHBG (ccfSHBG) and to estimate the inhibition constants for various estrogenic compounds. Binding of H-3-E-2 to ccfSHBG was saturable and of high affinity with a K-d (+/-SE) of 1.9 +/- 0.14 nM and a B-max of 14.3 +/- 2.4 pmol/mg protein (n = 3 assays). Additionally, ccfSHBG displayed binding specificity for androgens and estrogens. Endosulfan, 4-nonylphenol, and 4-octylphenol displaced H-3-E-2 binding to ccfSHBG albeit only at very high concentrations, whereas dieldrin and atrazine showed little displacement activity even at the highest concentrations used. The synthetic estrogen ethynylestradiol had higher affinity than E, for ccfSHBG. This finding differs from results with human and rainbow trout SHBG. The alkylphenolic compounds (4-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol) displayed some ability to displace H-3-E-2 binding from ERalpha and beta at high concentrations, but dieldrin and atrazine had little binding activity for both ER subtypes and endosulfan for ERbeta. The xenobiotics tested generally showed equivalent or greater affinity for ERalpha than ERbeta, whereas natural estrogens had much greater affinity for ERbeta than ERalpha. These observations suggest that results of studies using fish tissue ER extracts must be interpreted with caution, since both ER subtypes may be present, and that the binding of xenoestrogens to SHBG must be taken into account for proper assessment of endocrine disruption caused by environmental contaminants. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fishery Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Gale, WL (reprint author), USFWS, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM william_gale@fws.gov RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 53 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 136 IS 3 BP 338 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.01.009 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 817MR UT WOS:000221182100004 PM 15081833 ER PT J AU Racheboeuf, PR Moore, TE Blodgett, RB AF Racheboeuf, PR Moore, TE Blodgett, RB TI A new species of Dyoros (Brachiopoda; Chonetoidea) from Nevada (United States) and stratigraphic implications for the pennsylvanian and Permian Antler Overlap assemblage SO GEOBIOS LA English DT Article DE Shoshone Range; Edna Mountain Formation; Antler Overlap assemblage; Permian; Nevada stratigraphy; New Chonetoidean brachiopod AB Newly discovered fossil localities in coarse-grained deposits of the Pennsylvanian and Permian Antler overlap assemblage in the southern Shoshone Range, north-central Nevada have yielded a low-diversity assemblage consisting chiefly of a new species of chonetoidean brachiopod: Dyoros (Lissosia) nevadaensis nov. sp. The subgenus Dyoros (Lissosia), is known from Leonardian and lower Guadalupian strata in North America, mainly in Texas. The coarse-grained lithology of the host strata, their unconformable relation on deformed lower Paleozoic rocks, and the Leonardian and(or) lower Guadalupian age indicated by Dyoros (Lissosia) provide evidence that host strata are younger than strata of the Antler overlap assemblage in nearby areas of the southern Shoshone Range and suggest that an unconformity of local extent may be present within the overlap assemblage. The fossil age ranges and lithologic data suggest that the host strata may be correlative with the Guadalupian Edna Mountain Formation, an unconformity-bounded unit that forms the upper part of the Antler sequence in the Battle Mountain area to the north. This correlation suggests that the unconformity beneath these strata may have regional extent in north-central Nevada. The origin of the inferred regional unconformity is unknown and may have resulted from relative changes of sea level or regional extensional or contractional tectonism in the area of the former Antler highlands, which forms the substrate for the Antler overlap assemblage. (C) 2004 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sci Terre, UMR 6538, F-29283 Brest, France. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5125, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool & Geol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Racheboeuf, PR (reprint author), Univ Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sci Terre, UMR 6538, BP 809,6 Ave Gorgeu,Domaines Ocean, F-29283 Brest, France. EM Patrick.racheboeuf@univ-brest.fr NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0016-6995 J9 GEOBIOS-LYON JI Geobios PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 37 IS 3 BP 382 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.geobios.2003.03.011 PG 13 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 830HK UT WOS:000222112500008 ER PT J AU Farber, E Vengosh, A Gavrieli, I Marie, A Bullen, TD Mayer, B Holtzman, R Segal, M Shavit, U AF Farber, E Vengosh, A Gavrieli, I Marie, A Bullen, TD Mayer, B Holtzman, R Segal, M Shavit, U TI The origin and mechanisms of salinization of the Lower Jordan River SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID DEAD-SEA AREA; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER; SALINITY; ISRAEL; BASIN; GROUNDWATER; EVOLUTION; VALLEY AB The chemical and isotopic (Sr-87/Sr-86, delta(11)B, delta(34)S(sulfate), delta(18)O(water), delta(15)N(nitrate)) compositions of water from the Lower Jordan River and its major tributaries between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea were determined in order to reveal the origin of the salinity of the Jordan River. We identified three separate hydrological zones along the flow of the river: (1) A northern section (20 kin downstream of its source) where the base flow composed of diverted saline and wastewaters is modified due to discharge of shallow sulfate-rich groundwater, characterized by low Sr-87/Sr-86 (0.7072) delta(34)S(sulfate) (-2parts per thousand), high delta(11)B (similar to36parts per thousand), delta(15)N(nitrate) (similar to15parts per thousand) and high delta(18)O(water) (-2 to-3parts per thousand) values. The shallow groundwater is derived from agricultural drainage water mixed with natural saline groundwater and discharges to both the Jordan and Yarmouk rivers. The contribution of the groundwater component in the Jordan River flow, deduced from mixing relationships of solutes and strontium isotopes, varies from 20 to 50% of the total flow. (2) A central zone (20-50 km downstream from its source) where salt variations are minimal and the rise of Sr-87/Sr-86 and SO4/Cl ratios reflects predominance of eastern surface water flows. (3) A southern section (50-100 km downstream Of its Source) where the total dissolved solids of the Jordan River increase, particularly during the spring (70-80 km) and Summer (80-100 km) to values as high as 11.1 g/L. Variations in the chemical and isotopic compositions of river water along the southern section suggest chat the Zarqa River (Sr-87/(86)Srsimilar to0.70865; delta(11)Bsimilar to25parts per thousand) has a negligible affect on the Jordan River. Instead, the river quality is influenced primarily by groundwater discharge composed of sulfate-rich saline groundwater (Cl-=31-180 mM: SO4/Clsimilar to0.2-0.5; Br/Clsimilar to2-3x10(-3); Sr-87/(86)Srsimilar to0.70805; delta(11)Bsimilar to30parts per thousand; delta(15)N(nitrate) similar to17parts per thousand, delta(34)S(sulfate)=4-10parts per thousand), and Ca-chloride Rift valley brines (Cl-=846-1500 mM; Br/Clsimilar to6-8x10(-3); Sr-87/ (86)Srsimilar to0.7080; delta(11)B>40parts per thousand; delta(34)S(sulfate)=4-10parts per thousand). Mixing calculations indicate that the groundwater discharged to the river is composed of varying proportions of brines and sulfate-rich saline groundwater. Solute mass balance calculations point to a similar to10% contribution of saline groundwater (Cl-=282 to 564 mM) to the river. A high nitrate level (up to 2.5 mM) in the groundwater suggests that drainage of wastewater derived irrigation water is an important source for the groundwater. This irrigation water appears to leach Pleistocene sediments of the Jordan Valley resulting in elevated sulfate contents and altered strontium and boron isotopic compositions of the groundwater that in turn impacts the water quality of the lower Jordan River. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. Al Quds Univ, Dept Appl Earth & Environm Sci, W Bank, Palestine, Israel. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Vengosh, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Braun Hall,Bldg 320,Rm 228, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM avnerv@bgumail.bgu.ac.il RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012; Holtzman, Ran/G-7630-2012; OI Holtzman, Ran/0000-0003-0826-6826; Zhu, Chen/0000-0001-5374-6787 NR 47 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2004 VL 68 IS 9 BP 1989 EP 2006 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.021 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 815GZ UT WOS:000221032100012 ER PT J AU Reid, ME AF Reid, ME TI Massive collapse of volcano edifices triggered by hydrothermal pressurization SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE landslides; volcanoes; collapse; slope stability; hydrothermal systems; numerical models ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; COOLING PLUTONS; FAILURE; AVALANCHE; TRANSPORT; INTRUSION; PRESSURE; SYSTEMS; MAGMA AB Catastrophic collapse of steep volcano flanks threatens lives at stratovolcanoes around the world. Although destabilizing shallow intrusion of magma into the edifice accompanies some collapses (e.g., Mount St. Helens), others have occurred without eruption of juvenile magmatic materials (e.g., Bandai). These latter collapses can be difficult to anticipate. Historic collapses without magmatic eruption are associated with shallow hydrothermal groundwater systems at the time of collapse. Through the use of numerical models of heat and groundwater flow, I evaluate the efficacy of hydrothermally driven collapse. Heating from remote magma intrusion at depth can generate temporarily elevated pore-fluid pressures that propagate upward into an edifice. Effective-stress deformation modeling shows that these pressures are capable of destabilizing the core of an edifice, resulting in massive, deep-seated collapse. Far-field pressurization only occurs with specific rock hydraulic properties; however, data from numerous hydrothermal systems illustrate that this process can transpire in realistic settings. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Reid, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mreid@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 373 EP 376 DI 10.1130/G02300.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 815OJ UT WOS:000221051300002 ER PT J AU Rosen, MR Arehart, GB Lico, MS AF Rosen, MR Arehart, GB Lico, MS TI Exceptionally fast growth rate of < 100-yr-old tufa, Big Soda Lake, Nevada: Implications for using tufa as a paleoclimate proxy SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE modern tufa; paleoclimate; growth rate; Big Soda Lake; Nevada ID CARBONATES; RATIOS; PHASE AB Large tufa mounds (>3 m tall, with a basal circumference of 5 m) have been discovered on the margin of Big Soda Lake, Nevada, USA. These tufa mounds are rooted at a maximum of 4 m below the current lake surface and are actively forming from groundwater seepage, which can be seen emanating from the top of the tufa mounds. Big Soda Lake is a volcanic crater lake whose water level is maintained exclusively by groundwater. The age of the tufa mounds is well constrained because prior to the development of the Newlands Irrigation Project in 1907, the water level was similar to18 m lower than the current lake level. The vertical columnar nature of the tufa mounds indicates that they formed under the lake and not subaerially. Thus, the tufa mounds are <100 yr old and have grown at a rate greater than or equal to30 mm/yr. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope analyses of tufa carbonate compared to isotopic analyses of groundwater and lake water and hydrochemical data indicate that the fluids responsible for their precipitation are a simple mixture of modern groundwater and lake water and do not reflect a recent climate signature. The exceptionally fast growth of the tufa mounds indicates that large tufa deposits may form almost instantaneously in geologic time. Given this potential for rapid growth and the fact that variations in isotopic compositions of tufa deposits have been interpreted in terms of changes in paleoclimate and changes in the composition of recharge water over thousands of years, care should be taken when trying to determine the significance of variations in isotopic or chemical compositions of tufas that may have been caused by mixing with groundwater. C1 US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. Univ Nevada, Mackay Sch Mines, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Rosen, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 333 W Nye Lane, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. EM mrosen@usgs.gov RI Rosen, Michael/D-6091-2015 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 409 EP 412 DI 10.1130/G02386.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 815OJ UT WOS:000221051300012 ER PT J AU Artemieva, IM Billien, M Leveque, JJ Mooney, WD AF Artemieva, IM Billien, M Leveque, JJ Mooney, WD TI Shear wave velocity, seismic attenuation, and thermal structure of the continental upper mantle SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE composition; cratons; lithosphere; partial melts; Rayleigh waves; temperature ID PHASE-VELOCITY; HEAT-FLOW; POLYCRYSTALLINE OLIVINE; NORTHEASTERN JAPAN; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; RAYLEIGH-WAVES; SURFACE-WAVES; PARTIAL MELT; 150 SECONDS; TOMOGRAPHY AB Seismic velocity and attenuation anomalies in the mantle are commonly interpreted in terms of temperature variations on the basis of laboratory studies of elastic and anelastic properties of rocks. In order to evaluate the relative contributions of thermal and non- thermal effects on anomalies of attenuation of seismic shear waves, Q(s)(-1) and seismic velocity, V-s, we compare global maps of the thermal structure of the continental upper mantle with global Q(s)(-1) and V-s maps as determined from Rayleigh waves at periods between 40 and 150 s. We limit the comparison to three continental mantle depths (50, 100 and 150 km), where model resolution is relatively high. The available data set does not indicate that, at a global scale, seismic anomalies in the upper mantle are controlled solely by temperature variations. Continental maps have correlation coefficients of < 0.56 between V-s and T and of < 0.47 between Q(s) and T at any depth. Such low correlation coefficients can partially be attributed to modelling artefacts; however, they also suggest that not all of the V-s and Q(s) anomalies in the continental upper mantle can be explained by T variations. Global maps show that, by the sign of the anomaly, V-s and Q(s) usually inversely correlate with lithospheric temperatures: most cratonic regions show high V-s and Q(s) and low T, while most active regions have seismic and thermal anomalies of the opposite sign. The strongest inverse correlation is found at a depth of 100 km, where the attenuation model is best resolved. Significantly, at this depth, the contours of near- zero Q(s) anomalies approximately correspond to the 1000degrees C isotherm, in agreement with laboratory measurements that show a pronounced increase in seismic attenuation in upper mantle rocks at 1000-1100degreesC. East- west profiles of V-s, Q(s) and T where continental data coverage is best (50degreesN latitude for North America and 60degreesN latitude for Eurasia) further demonstrate that temperature plays a dominant, but non- unique, role in determining the value of lithospheric V-s and Q(s). At 100 km depth, where the resolution of seismic models is the highest, we compare observed seismic V-s and Q(s) with theoretical V-S(T) and Q(S)(T) values, respectively, that are calculated solely from temperature anomalies and constrained by experimental data on temperature dependencies of velocity and attenuation. This comparison shows that temperature variations alone are sufficient to explain seismic V-s and Q(s) in ca 50 per cent of continental regions. We hypothesize that compositional anomalies resulting from Fe depletion can explain the misfit between seismic and theoretical V-s in cratonic lithosphere. In regions of active tectonics, temperature effects alone cannot explain seismic V-s and Q(s) in the lithosphere. It is likely that partial melts and/ or fluids may affect seismic parameters in these regions. This study demonstrates that lithospheric temperature plays the dominant role in controlling V-s and Q(s) anomalies, but other physical parameters, such as compositional variations, fluids, partial melting and scattering, may also play a significant role in determining V-s and Q(s) variations in the continental mantle. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Ecole & Observ Sci Terre, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. RP US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM Irina.Artemieva@eost.u-strasbg.fr; Magali.Billien@eost.u-strasbg.fr; JeanJacques.Leveque@eost.u-strasbg.fr; Mooney@usgs.gov RI Artemieva, Irina/C-2106-2013 OI Artemieva, Irina/0000-0002-3207-2901 NR 106 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 157 IS 2 BP 607 EP 628 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02195.x PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 820XG UT WOS:000221422500012 ER PT J AU Middleton, BA McKee, KL AF Middleton, BA McKee, KL TI Use of a latitudinal gradient in bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) production to examine physiological controls of biotic boundaries and potential responses to environmental change SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE biotic boundary; curvilinear model; distribution; global climate change; impoundment; litter production; Taxodium distichum; temperature ID SOUTHEASTERN FLOODPLAIN FORESTS; PUMILIO ALPINE TIMBERLINE; TIERRA-DEL-FUEGO; ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SWAMP-FOREST; FLOODING REGIMES; PLANT MIGRATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; DISMAL SWAMP AB Aim Predictions of vegetation change with global warming require models that accurately reflect physiological processes underlying growth limitations and species distributions. However, information about environmental controls on physiology and consequent effects on species boundaries and ecosystem functions such as production is limited, especially for forested wetlands that are potentially important carbon sinks. Location The bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) region of the south-eastern United States was studied to examine how production of an important forested wetland varies with latitude and temperature as well as local hydrology. Methods We used published data to analyse litter production across a latitudinal gradient from 26.2 to 37.8degrees N to determine how bald cypress swamps might respond to alternate climate conditions and what changes might occur throughout the distributional range. Results Litterfall rates followed a bell shaped curve, indicating that production was more limited at the distributional boundaries (c. 225 g/m(2) year(-1)) compared to the mid-range (795-1126 g/m(2) year(-1)). This pattern suggests that conditions are suboptimal near both boundaries and that the absence of populations outside this latitudinal range may be largely due to physiological constraints on the carbon balance of dominant species. While dispersal limitations cannot be totally discounted, competition with other wetland types at the extremes of the range does not seem likely to be important because the relative basal area of bald cypress does not decrease near the edges of the range. Impaired hydrology depressed production across the entire range, but more in the south than the north. Main conclusions Our findings suggest that (1) physiological limitations constrain biotic boundaries of bald cypress swamps; (2) future changes in global temperature would affect litter production in a nonlinear manner across the distributional range; (3) local changes in hydrology may interact with climate to further reduce litter production, particularly at lower latitudes; and (4) southernmost forests could be extirpated if environmental conditions compromise carbon balance and water-use efficiency of trees. C1 USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Middleton, BA (reprint author), USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM beth_middleton@usgs.gov RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 NR 87 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7447 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1111/j.1466-822X.2004.00088.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 820XB UT WOS:000221422000006 ER PT J AU Yager, RM AF Yager, RM TI Effects of model sensitivity and nonlinearity on nonlinear regression of ground water flow SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Nonlinear regression is increasingly applied to the calibration of hydrologic models through the use of perturbation methods to compute the Jacobian or sensitivity matrix required by the Gauss-Newton optimization method. Sensitivities obtained by perturbation methods can be less accurate than those obtained by direct differentiation, however, and concern has arisen that the optimal parameter values and the associated parameter covariance matrix computed by perturbation could also be less accurate. Sensitivities computed by both perturbation and direct differentiation were applied in nonlinear regression calibration of seven ground water flow models. The two methods gave virtually identical optimum parameter values and covariances for the three models that were relatively linear and two of the models that were relatively nonlinear, but gave widely differing results for two other nonlinear models. The perturbation method performed better than direct differentiation in some regressions with the nonlinear models, apparently because approximate sensitivities computed for an interval yielded better search directions than did more accurately computed sensitivities for a point. The method selected to avoid overshooting minima on the error surface when updating parameter values with the Gauss-Newton procedure appears for nonlinear models to be more important than the method of sensitivity calculation in controlling regression convergence. C1 US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Yager, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 30 Brown Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM ryager@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 3 BP 390 EP 400 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02687.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 817IY UT WOS:000221172400010 PM 15161156 ER PT J AU Seiler, RL AF Seiler, RL TI Temporal changes in water quality at a childhood leukemia cluster SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID IN-GROUND WATER AB Since 1997, 15 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia and one case of acute myelocytic leukemia have been diagnosed in children and teenagers who live, or have lived, in an area centered on the town of Fallon, Nevada. The expected rate for the population is about one case every five years. In 2001, 99 domestic and municipal wells and one industrial well were sampled in the Fallon area. Twenty-nine of these wells had been sampled previously in 1989. Statistical comparison of concentrations of major ions and trace elements in those 29 wells between 1989 and 2001 using the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicate water quality did not substantially change over that period; however, short-term changes may have occurred that were not detected. Volatile organic compounds were seldom detected in ground water samples and those that are regulated were consistently found at concentrations less than the maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MCL for gross-alpha radioactivity and arsenic, radon, and uranium concentrations were commonly exceeded, and sometimes were greatly exceeded. Statistical comparisons using the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test indicate gross-alpha and -beta radioactivity, arsenic, uranium, and radon concentrations in wells used by families having a child with leukemia did not statistically differ from the remainder of the domestic wells sampled during this investigation. Isotopic measurements indicate the uranium was natural and not the result of a 1963 underground nuclear bomb test near Fallon. In and and semiarid areas where trace-element concentrations can greatly exceed the MCL, household reverse-osmosis units may not reduce their concentrations to safe levels. In parts of the world where radon concentrations are high, water consumed first thing in the morning may be appreciably more radioactive than water consumed a few minutes later after the pressure tank has been emptied because secular equilibrium between radon and its immediate daughter progeny is attained in pressure tanks overnight. C1 US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. RP Seiler, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 333 W Nye Lane,Rm 203, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. NR 27 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 3 BP 446 EP 455 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 817IY UT WOS:000221172400015 PM 15161161 ER PT J AU Michel, RL AF Michel, RL TI Tritium hydrology of the Mississippi River basin SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Mississippi River; tritium; isotopes; surface water; radioactivity; residence time ID CALIFORNIA; WATERSHEDS; DECADES; SYSTEMS; RECORDS; MODELS; VALLEY; OCEAN; TIME AB In the early 1960s, the US Geological Survey began routinely analysing river water samples for tritium concentrations at locations within the Mississippi River basin. The sites included the main stern of the Mississippi River (at Luling Ferry, Louisiana), and three of its major tributaries, the Ohio River (at Markland Dam, Kentucky), the upper Missouri River (at Nebraska City, Nebraska) and the Arkansas River (near Van Buren, Arkansas). The measurements cover the period during the peak of the bomb-produced tritium transient when tritium concentrations in precipitation rose above natural levels by two to three orders of magnitude. Using measurements of tritium concentrations in precipitation, a tritium input function was established for the river basins above the Ohio River, Missouri River and Arkansas River sampling locations. Owing to the extent of the basin above the Luling Ferry site, no input function was developed for that location. The input functions for the Ohio and Missouri Rivers were then used in a two-component mixing model to estimate residence times of water within these two basins. (The Arkansas River was not modelled because of extremely large yearly variations in flow during the peak of the tritium transient.) The two components used were: (i) recent precipitation (prompt outflow) and (ii) waters derived from the long-term groundwater reservoir of the basin. The tritium concentration of the second component is a function of the atmospheric input and the residence times of the groundwaters within the basin. Using yearly time periods, the parameters of the model were varied until a best fit was obtained between modelled and measured tritium data. The results from the model indicate that about 40% of the flow in the Ohio River was from prompt outflow, as compared with 10% for the Missouri River. Mean residence times of 10 years were calculated for the groundwater component of the Ohio River versus 4 years for the Missouri River. The mass flux of tritium through the Mississippi Basin and its tributaries was calculated during the years that tritium measurements were made. The cumulative fluxes, calculated in grains of H-3 were: (i) 160 g for the Ohio (1961 - 1986), (ii) 98 g for the upper Missouri (1963-1997), (iii) 30 g for the Arkansas (1961 - 1997) and (iv) 780 g for the Mississippi (1961 - 1997). Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Michel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS434, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM RLMichel@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1255 EP 1269 DI 10.1002/hyp.1403 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 818AM UT WOS:000221218000006 ER PT J AU Turtle, EP Keszthelyi, LP Williams, DA AF Turtle, EP Keszthelyi, LP Williams, DA TI Io after Galileo SO ICARUS LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Turtle, EP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, 1700 E Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM turtle@lpl.arizona.edu RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.03.001 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 817MA UT WOS:000221180400001 ER PT J AU Turtle, EP Keszthelyi, LP McEwen, AS Radebaugh, J Milazzo, M Simonelli, DP Geissler, P Williams, DA Perry, J Jaeger, WL Klaasen, KP Breneman, HH Denk, T Phillips, CB AF Turtle, EP Keszthelyi, LP McEwen, AS Radebaugh, J Milazzo, M Simonelli, DP Geissler, P Williams, DA Perry, J Jaeger, WL Klaasen, KP Breneman, HH Denk, T Phillips, CB CA Galileo SSI Team TI The final Galileo SSI observations of Io: orbits G28-I33 SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; surfaces; satellite; satellites of Jupiter; volcanism; tectonics; geological processes ID JUPITERS MOON IO; ACTIVE VOLCANISM; FLOW EMPLACEMENT; SULFUR FLOWS; MOUNTAINS; ERUPTION; CALIBRATION; MISSION; SYSTEM; PLUMES AB We present the observations of to acquired by the Solid State Imaging (SSI) experiment during the Galileo Millennium Mission (GMM) and the strategy we used to plan the exploration of to. Despite Galileo's tight restrictions on data volume and downlink capability and several spacecraft and camera anomalies due to the intense radiation. close to Jupiter, there were many successful SSI observations during GMM. Four giant, high-latitude plumes, including the largest plume ever observed on to, were documented over a period of eight months; only faint evidence of such plumes had been seen since the Voyager 2 encounter, despite monitoring by Galileo during the previous five years. Moreover, the source of one of the plumes was Tvashtar Catena, demonstrating that a single site can exhibit remarkably diverse eruption styles-from a curtain of lava fountains, to extensive surface flows, and finally a similar to 400 km high plume-over a relatively short period of time (similar to 13 months between orbits 125 and G29). Despite this substantial activity, no evidence of any truly new volcanic center was seen during the six years of Galileo observations. The recent observations also revealed details of mass wasting processes acting on to. Slumping and landsliding dominate and occur in close proximity to each other, demonstrating spatial variation in material properties over distances of several kilometers. However, despite the ubiquitous evidence for mass wasting, the rate of volcanic resurfacing seems to dominate; the floors of paterae in proximity to mountains are generally free of debris. Finally, the highest resolution observations obtained during Galileo's final encounters with to provided further evidence for a wide diversity of surface processes at work on to. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. DLR, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Turtle, EP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM turtle@lpl.arizona.edu RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751 NR 60 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 3 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.10.014 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 817MA UT WOS:000221180400002 ER PT J AU Geissler, P McEwen, A Phillips, C Keszthelyi, L Spencer, J AF Geissler, P McEwen, A Phillips, C Keszthelyi, L Spencer, J TI Surface changes on Io during the Galileo mission SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; volcanism; surfaces; satellite ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; JUPITERS MOON IO; VOLCANIC ACTIVITY; ACTIVE VOLCANISM; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; GLOBAL COLOR; PELE PLUME; HOT-SPOTS; TEMPERATURE; ERUPTION AB A careful survey of Galileo SSI global monitoring images revealed more than 80 apparent surface changes that took place on to during the 5 year period of observation, ranging from giant plume, deposits to subtle changes in the color or albedo of patera surfaces. Explosive volcanic activity was discovered at four previously unrecognized centers: an unnamed patera to the south of Karei that produced a Pele-sized red ring, a patera to the west of Zal that produced a small circular bright deposit, a large orange ring detected near the north pole of Io, and a small bright ring near Io's south pole. Only a handful of to's many active volcanoes produced large scale explosive eruptions, and several of these erupted repeatedly, leaving at least 83% of Io's surface unaltered throughout the Galileo mission. Most of the hot spots detected from SSI, NIMS and ground-based thermal observations caused no noticeable surface changes greater than 10 km in extent over the five year period. Surface changes were found at every location where active plumes were identified, including Acala which was never seen in sunlight and was only detected through auroral emissions during eclipse. Two types of plumes are distinguished on the basis of the size and color of their deposits, confirming post-Voyager suggestions by McEwen and Soderblom [Icarus 55 (1983) 191]. Smaller plumes produce near-circular rings typically 150-200 km in radius that are white or yellow in color unless contaminated with silicates, and frequently coat their surroundings with frosts of fine-grained SO2. The larger plumes are much less numerous, limited to a half dozen examples, and produce oval, orange or red, sulfur-rich rings with maximum radii it.. the north-south direction that are typically in the range from 500 to 550 km. Both types of plumes can be either episodic or quasi-continuous over a five year period. Repeated eruptions of the smaller SO2-rich plumes likely contribute significantly to to's resurfacing rate, whereas dust ejection is likely dominated by the tenuous giant plumes. Both types of plume deposits fade on time-scales of months to years through burial and alteration. Episodic seepages of SO2 at Haemus Montes, Zal Montes, Dorian Montes, and the plateau to the north of Pillan Patera may have been triggered by activity at nearby volcanic centers. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Geissler, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pgeissler@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 29 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.09.024 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 817MA UT WOS:000221180400003 ER PT J AU Radebaugh, J McEwen, AS Milazzo, MP Keszthelyi, LP Davies, AG Turtle, EP Dawson, DD AF Radebaugh, J McEwen, AS Milazzo, MP Keszthelyi, LP Davies, AG Turtle, EP Dawson, DD TI Observations and temperatures of Io's Pele Patera from Cassini and Galilee spacecraft images SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE satellites of Jupiter; Io; volcanism; surfaces-satellite; interiors ID JUPITERS MOON IO; THERMAL EMISSION; SILICATE VOLCANISM; ACTIVE VOLCANISM; HOT-SPOTS; LAVA LAKE; ERUPTION; PLUME; MISSION; LITHOSPHERE AB Pele has been the most intense high-temperature hotspot on Io to be continuously active during the Galileo monitoring from 1996-2001. A suite of characteristics suggests that Pele is an active lava lake inside a volcanic depression. In 2000-2001, Pele was observed by two spacecraft, Cassini and Galileo. The Cassini observations revealed that Pele is variable in activity over timescales of minutes, typical of active lava lakes in Hawaii and Ethiopia. These observations also revealed that the short-wavelength thermal emission from Pele decreases with rotation of Io by a factor significantly greater than the cosine of the emission angle, and that the color temperature becomes more variable and hotter at high emission angles. This behavior suggests that a significant portion of the visible thermal emission from Pele comes from lava fountains within a topographically confined lava body. High spatial resolution, nightside images from a Galileo flyby in October 2001 revealed a large, relatively cool (< 800 K) region, ringed by bright hotspots, and a central region of high thermal emission, which is hypothesized to be due to fountaining and convection in the lava lake. Images taken through different filters revealed color temperatures of 1500 +/- 80 K from Cassini ISS data and 1605 +/- 220 and 14120 +/- 100 K from small portions of Galileo SSI data. Such temperatures are near the upper limit for basaltic compositions. Given the limitations of deriving lava eruption temperature in the absence of in situ measurement, it is possible that Pele has lavas with ultramafic compositions. The long-lived, vigorous activity of what is most likely an actively overturning lava lake in Pele Patera indicates that there is a strong connection to a large, stable magma source region. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Radebaugh, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jani@lpl.arizona.edu RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751 NR 60 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.10.019 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 817MA UT WOS:000221180400004 ER PT J AU Williams, DA Schenk, PM Moore, JM Keszthelyi, LP Turtle, EP Jaeger, WL Radebaugh, J Milazzo, MP Lopes, RMC Greeley, R AF Williams, DA Schenk, PM Moore, JM Keszthelyi, LP Turtle, EP Jaeger, WL Radebaugh, J Milazzo, MP Lopes, RMC Greeley, R TI Mapping of the Culann-Tohil region of Io from Galileo imaging data SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE satellites of Jupiter; Io; geological processes; volcanism; surfaces (satellite) ID JUPITERS MOON IO; ACTIVE VOLCANISM; SATELLITE IO; SULFUR; MOUNTAINS; SURFACE; SPECTROMETER; PROMETHEUS; IRRADIATION; SCIENCE AB We have used Galileo spacecraft data to produce a geomorphologic map of the Culann-Tohil region of Io's antijovian hemisphere. This region includes a newly discovered shield volcano, Tsui Goab Tholus and a neighboring bright flow field, Tsui Goab Fluctus, the active Culann Patera and the enigmatic Tohil Mons-Radegast Patera-Tohil Patera complex. Analysis of Voyager global color and Galileo Solid-State Imaging (SSI) high-resolution, regional (50-330 m/pixel), and global color (1.4 km/pixel) images, along with available Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) data, suggests that 16 distinct geologic units can be defined and characterized in this region, including 5 types of diffuse deposits. Tsui Goab Fluctus is the center of a low-temperature hotspot detected by NIMS late during the Galileo mission, and could represent the best case for active effusive sulfur volcanism detected by Galileo. The Culann volcanic center has produced a range of explosive and effusive deposits, including an outer yellowish ring of enhanced sulfur dioxide (SO2), an inner red ring of SO2 with shortchain sulfur (S-3-S-4) contaminants, and two irregular green diffuse deposits (one in Tohil Patera) apparently produced by the interaction of dark, silicate lava flows with sulfurous contaminants ballistically-emplaced from Culann's eruption plume(s). Fresh and red-mantled dark lava flows west of the Culann vent can be contrasted with unusual red-brown flows east of the vent. These red-brown flows have a distinct color that is suggestive of a compositional difference, although whether this is due to surface alteration or distinct lava compositions cannot be determined. The main massif of Tohil Mons is covered with ridges and grooves, defining a unit of tectonically disrupted crustal materials. Tohil Mons also contains a younger unit of mottled crustal materials that were displaced by mass wasting processes. Neighboring Radegast Patera contains a NIMS hotspot and a young lava lake of dark silicate flows, whereas the southwest portion of Tohil Patera contains white flow-like units, perhaps consisting of 'ponds' of effusively emplaced SO2. From 0degrees-15degrees S the hummocky bright plains unit away from volcanic centers contains scarps, grooves, pits, graben, and channel-like features, some of which have been modified by erosion. Although the most active volcanic centers appear to be found in structural lows (as indicated by mapping of scarps), DEMs derived from stereo images show that, with the exception of Tohil Mons, there is less than 1 km of relief in the Culann-Tohil region. There is no discernable correlation between centers of active volcanism and topography. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Lunar & Planetary Inst, CASS, USRA, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Inst Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Williams, DA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bateman Phys Sci Bldg,F506B, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM david.williams@asu.edu RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 69 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 80 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.08.024 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 817MA UT WOS:000221180400005 ER PT J AU Bart, GD Turtle, EP Jaeger, WL Keszthelyi, LP Greenberg, R AF Bart, GD Turtle, EP Jaeger, WL Keszthelyi, LP Greenberg, R TI Ridges and tidal stress on Io SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; tides; solid body tectonics; surfaces; satellite ID MOUNTAINS; PATTERNS; ROTATION; EUROPA; CRUST AB Sets of ridges of uncertain origin are seen in twenty-nine high-resolution Galileo images, which sample seven locales on Io. These ridges are on the order of a few kilometers in length with a spacing of about a kilometer. Within each locale, the ridges have a consistent orientation, but the orientations vary from place to place. We investigate whether these ridges could be a result of tidal flexing of Io by comparing their orientations with the peak tidal stress orientations at the same locations. We find that ridges grouped near the equator are aligned either north-south or east-west, as are the predicted principal stress orientations there. It is not clear why particular groups run north-south and others east-west. The one set of ridges observed far from the equator (52degrees S) has an oblique azimuth, as do the tidal stresses at those latitudes. Therefore, all observed ridges have similar orientations to the tidal stress in their region. This correlation is consistent with the hypothesis that tidal flexing of Io plays an important role in ridge formation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Bart, GD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM gwenbart@lpl.arizona.edu RI Bart, Gwendolyn/B-1365-2009; Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012 OI Bart, Gwendolyn/0000-0002-4768-2972; Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 111 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.01.003 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 817MA UT WOS:000221180400007 ER PT J AU Lopes, RMC Kamp, LW Smythe, WD Mouginis-Mark, P Kargel, J Radebaugh, J Turtle, EP Perry, J Williams, DA Carlson, RW Doute, S AF Lopes, RMC Kamp, LW Smythe, WD Mouginis-Mark, P Kargel, J Radebaugh, J Turtle, EP Perry, J Williams, DA Carlson, RW Doute, S CA Galileo NIMS & SSI Teams TI Lava lakes on Io: observations of Io's volcanic activity from Galileo NIMS during the 2001 fly-bys SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; volcanism; satellites of Jupiter ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; JUPITERS MOON IO; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; SILICATE VOLCANISM; THERMAL EMISSION; FLOW EMPLACEMENT; HOT-SPOTS; SULFUR; ERUPTION; PROMETHEUS AB Galileo's Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) obtained its final observations of Io during the spacecraft's fly-bys in August (131) and October 2001 (132). We present a summary of the observations and results from these last two fly-bys, focusing on the distribution of thermal emission from Io's many volcanic regions that give insights into the eruption styles of individual hot spots. We include a compilation of hot spot data obtained from Galileo, Voyager, and ground-based observations. At least 152 active volcanic centers are now known on Io, 104 of which were discovered or confirmed by Galileo observations, including 23 from the 131 and 132 Io fly-by observations presented here. We modify the classification scheme of Keszthelyi et al. (2001, J. Geophys. Res. 106 (E12) 33 025-33 052) of Io eruption styles to include three primary types: promethean (lava flow fields emplaced as compound pahoehoe flows with small plumes < 200 km high originating from flow fronts), pillanian (violent eruptions generally accompanied by large outbursts, > 200 km high plumes and rapidly-emplaced flow fields), and a new style we call "lokian" that includes all eruptions confined within paterae with or without associated plume eruptions). Thermal maps of active paterae from NIMS data reveal hot edges that are characteristic of lava lakes. Comparisons with terrestrial analogs show that Io's lava lakes have thermal properties consistent with relatively inactive lava lakes. The majority of activity on Io, based on locations and longevity of hot spots, appears to be of this third type. This finding has implications for how Io is being resurfaced as our results imply that eruptions of lava are predominantly confined within paterae, thus making it unlikely that resurfacing is done primarily by extensive lava flows. Our conclusion is consistent with the findings of Geissler et al. (2004, Icarus, this issue) that plume eruptions and deposits, rather than the eruption of copious amounts of effusive lavas, are responsible for Io's high resurfacing rates. The origin and longevity of islands within ionian lava lakes remains enigmatic. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. CNRS, Lab Planetol Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. RP Lopes, RMC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM rlopes@lively.jpl.nasa.gov RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 87 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 140 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.11.013 PG 35 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 817MA UT WOS:000221180400009 ER PT J AU Keszthelyi, L Jaeger, WL Turtle, EP Milazzo, M Radebaugh, J AF Keszthelyi, L Jaeger, WL Turtle, EP Milazzo, M Radebaugh, J TI A post-Galileo view of Io's interior SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; interiors; volcanism ID JUPITERS MOON IO; SILICATE VOLCANISM; HEAT-FLOW; VISCOELASTIC MODELS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; TIDAL DISSIPATION; ACTIVE VOLCANISM; HOT-SPOTS; MAGMA AB We present a self-consistent model for the interior of Io, taking the recent Galileo data into account. In this model, to has a completely molten core, substantially molten mantle, and a very cold lithosphere. Heat from magmatic activity can mobilize volatile compounds such as SO2 in the lithosphere, and the movement of such cryogenic fluids may be important in the formation of surface features including sapping scarps and paterae. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Keszthelyi, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM laz@usgs.gov RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751 NR 87 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 271 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.01.005 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 817MA UT WOS:000221180400016 ER PT J AU Ramsey, EW Rangoonwala, A AF Ramsey, EW Rangoonwala, A TI Remote sensing and the optical properties of the narrow cylindrical leaves of Juncus roemerianus SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE coastal wetlands; Juncus roemerianus; leaf reflectance; leaf transmittance; live and dead leaves; marshes; narrow cylindrical leaves ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; CONIFER NEEDLES; SALT-MARSH; MODEL AB To develop a more complete foundation for remote sensing of the marsh grass Juncus roemerianus, we measured the optical properties of its cylindrical leaves at sites of different canopy height, biomass composition and amount, and connectivity to ocean flushing. To measure the leaf optical properties, we adapted a technique used for conifer needles. After establishing the reliability and limits of the adapted technique to the wider J. roemerianus leaves, mean transmittance and reflectance spectra were compared to associated leaf diameters from two dates in 1999 and 2002 and at each site. Transmittance was inversely related to leaf diameter. Mean transmittance and reflectance generated from reoccupation of many field sites in 2002 indicated little or no difference in transmittance between years, a slight reflectance difference in the visible (<2%) and a slightly higher reflectance difference in the near infrared (NIR) (<4%). Site comparison indicated limited ability to separate leaf transmittance but not reflectance by marsh type (e.g., low, medium, high) or biomass. Excluding one outlier, we found leaf transmittances could be adequately represented as 1% +/- 0.2% in the visible and 9% +/- 1% in the NIR and leaf reflectances represented from 14% to 16% in the visible and 71% to 75% in the NIR (the reflectance ranges represent 1999 and 2002 means). Reflectance and transmittance spectra associated with the dead J. roemerianus leaves displayed a spectrally flat increase from the visible to the NIR wavelengths. In total, we documented the atypical optical properties of the cylindrical J. roemerianus leaves and showed that to a first approximation, single means could represent leaf transmittance and visible leaf reflectance across all marsh zones and, after accounting for sample standardization, possibly the NIR reflectance as well. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Johnson Controls Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Ramsey, EW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM elijah_ramsey@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1064 EP 1075 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.823283 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 821MX UT WOS:000221466200014 ER PT J AU Moore, DE Lockner, DA Tanaka, H Iwata, K AF Moore, DE Lockner, DA Tanaka, H Iwata, K TI The coefficient of friction of Chrysotile gouge at seismogenic depths SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; FRACTURING STRESS MEASUREMENTS; HAYWARD FAULT; MEASUREMENT PROFILE; MOJAVE DESERT; CALIFORNIA; BOREHOLE; SERPENTINITES; CONTINUATION; LIZARDITE AB We report new strength data for the serpentine mineral chrysotile at effective normal stresses, sigma(n),, between 40 and 200 MPa in the temperature range 25degrees-280degreesC. Overall, the coefficient of friction, mu (= shear stress/effective normal stress) of water-saturated chrysotile gouge increases both with increasing temperature and (σ) over bar (n) but the rates vary and the temperature-related increases begin, similar to100degreesC. As a result, a frictional strength minimum (mu = 0.1) occurs at low (σ) over bar (n) at about 100degreesC. at Maximum strength (mu = 0.55) results from a combination of high normal stress and high temperature. The low-strength region is characterized by velocity strengthening and the high-strength region by velocity-weakening behavior. Thoroughly dried chrysotile has mu = 0.7 and is velocity-weakening. The frictional properties of chrysotile can be explained by its tendency to adsorb large amounts of water that acts as a lubricant during shear. The water is progressively driven off the fiber surfaces with increasing temperature and pressure, causing chrysotile to approach its dry strength. Depth Profiles for a chrysotile-lined fault constructed from these data would pass through a strength minimum at similar to3 km depth, where sliding should be stable. Below that depth, strength increases rapidly as does the tendency for unstable (seismic) slip. Such a trend would not have been predicted from the room-temperature data. These results therefore illustrate the potential hazards of extrapolating room-temperature friction data to predict fault zone behavior at depth. This depth profile for chrysotile is Consistent with the pattern of slip oil the Hayward fault. which creeps aseismically at shallow depths but which may be locked below 5 km depth. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Ehime Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Geobiosphere Sci, Matsuyama, Ehime 790, Japan. RP Moore, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmoore@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 IS 5 BP 385 EP 398 DI 10.2747/0020-6814.46.5.385 PG 14 WC Geology SC Geology GA 824KC UT WOS:000221684300001 ER PT J AU Dunphy, BK Hamrick, JL Schwagerl, J AF Dunphy, BK Hamrick, JL Schwagerl, J TI A comparison of direct and indirect measures of gene flow in the bat-pollinated tree Hymenaea courbaril in the dry forest life zone of southwestern Puerto Rico SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE bat pollination; dry forest; gene flow; Hymenaea courbaril; paternity analysis; Puerto Rico ID PATERNITY ANALYSIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; NEOTROPICAL TREE; POLLEN; FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE; DISPERSAL; AUSTRALIA; PATTERNS AB Gene flow was estimated in the tropical tree Hymenaea courbaril using indirect measures based on the proportion of total genetic diversity from differences among populations (F-ST) and using direct paternity analyses. Outcrossing estimates (t(m) = 1.07) are consistent with indications that H. courbaril is self-incompatible. Direct estimates of pollen gene flow into two small (n < 6) stands of trees indicate that 42% and 62% of the pollen came from outside the stand. Despite this level of external gene flow, genetic drift is expected to cause divergence of populations over time (migration rate N(e)m = 0.40 and 0.63), mainly because of the small number of adult trees within each population. Indirect estimates of gene flow based on nine larger populations of 21-48 trees gave estimates of 2.91 migrants per generation, but the absence of migration-drift equilibrium renders this estimate unreliable. Analysis of pollen movement among 21 adult trees indicated that the effective number of fathers was only 6.9, with the majority of pollinations coming from just three trees. Asynchronous flowering, and perhaps restricted use of flowering resources by bats, the primary pollinators of H. courbaril, is the likely cause of this low number. Genetic diversity values based on 31 allozyme loci were lower than those reported for other outcrossing, gravity-dispersed tree species. Few effective fathers, and a relatively low population density, are the likely reasons. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Caribbean Natl Wildlife Refuge, Boqueron, PR 00622 USA. RP Hamrick, JL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, 2502 Plant Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM hamrick@plantbio.uga.edu NR 54 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 15 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 165 IS 3 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.1086/382802 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 832AE UT WOS:000222238300009 ER PT J AU Salo, LF AF Salo, LF TI Population dynamics of red brome (Bromus madritensis subsp rubens): times for concern, opportunities for management SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE annual grasses; brome grasses; exotic plants; Mohave Desert; plant invasions; Sonoran Desert ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT GERMINATION; DESERT ANNUALS; SONORAN DESERT; PATCHY ENVIRONMENTS; SOUTHERN NEVADA; MOJAVE-DESERT; INVASION; GRASSES; COEXISTENCE; COMPETITION AB Red brome is a Mediterranean winter annual grass that has invaded south-western USA deserts. Unlike native annuals, it does not maintain a soil seed bank, but exhibits early and uniform germination. Above-average winter precipitation in these regions allows red brome to reach high density and biomass. These are tune for concern, as large numbers of easily dispersed seeds increase the likelihood that it may spread into new areas. However, early and uniform germination can also lead to population crashes when drought precludes seed production. Winter droughts dramatically reduce densities of red brome, but provide opportunities for management of this exotic grass. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Salo, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake Riv Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM cindy_salo@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 57 IS 3 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0140-1963(03)00110-1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 806EV UT WOS:000220418100002 ER PT J AU Lorah, MM Voytek, MA AF Lorah, MM Voytek, MA TI Degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro ethane and accumulation of vinyl chloride in wetland sediment microcosms and in situ porewater: biogeochemical controls and associations with microbial communities SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE natural attenuation; groundwater contamination; bioremediation; biodegradation; chlorinated solvents; wetlands ID REDUCTIVELY DECHLORINATES TETRACHLOROETHENE; HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC-COMPOUNDS; WATER TIDAL WETLAND; METHANOGENIC CONDITIONS; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; TRANSFORMATIONS; KINETICS; CULTURE; IRON; BIOAUGMENTATION AB The biodegradation pathways of 1,1,2,2-tetracliloroethane (TeCA) and 1,1,2-trichloroethane (112TCA) and the associated microbial communities in anaerobic wetland sediments were evaluated Using Concurrent geochemical and genetic analyses over time in laboratory rnicrocosm experiments. Experimental results were compared to in situ porewater data in the wetland to better understand the factors controlling daughter product distributions in a chlorinated solvent plume discharging to a freshwater tidal wetland at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Microcosms constructed with wetland sediment from two sites showed little difference in the initial degradation steps of TeCA, which included simultaneous hydrogenolysis to 112TCA and dichloroelimination to 1,2-dichloroethene (12DCE). The rnicrocosms from the two sites showed a substantial difference, however, in the relative dominance of subsequent dichloroelimination of 112TCA. A greater dominance of 112TCA dichloroelimination in microcosms constructed with sediment that was initially iron-reducing and subsequently simultaneously iron-reducing and methanogenic caused approximately twice as much vinyl chloride (VC) production as microcosms constructed with sediment that was methanogenic only throughout the incubation. The microcosms with higher VC production also showed substantially more rapid VC degradation. Field measurements of redox-sensitive constituents, TeCA, and its anaerobic degradation products along flowpaths in the wetland porewater also showed greater production and degradation of VC with concurrent methanogenesis and iron reduction. Molecular fingerprinting indicated that bacterial species [represented by a peak at a fragment size of 198 base pairs (bp) by Mn/1 digest] are associated with VC production from 112TCA dichloroelimination, whereas methanogens (190 and 307 bp) from the Methanococcales or Methanobacteriales family are associated with VC production from 12DCE hydrogenolysis. Acetate-utilizing methanogens (acetotrophs) appear to be involved in the biodegradation of VC. The relative abundance of Methanosarcinaceae, the only methanogen group with acetotrophic members, doubled in microcosms in which degradation of VC was observed. In addition, molecular analyses using primers specific for known dehalorespiring bacteria in the Dehalococcoides and Desulfuromonas groups showed the presence of these bacteria in microcosm slurry from the site that showed the highest VC production and degradation. Determination of biogeochemical controls and microbial consortia involved in TeCA degradation is leading to a better understanding of the heterogeneity in biodegradation rates and daughter product distribution in the wetland, improving capabilities for developing remediation and monitoring plans. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Lorah, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, MD-DE-DC Dist,8987 Yellow Brick Rd, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. EM mmlorah@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.010 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 813TU UT WOS:000220930200005 PM 15068871 ER PT J AU Lawrence, GB Momen, B Roy, KM AF Lawrence, GB Momen, B Roy, KM TI Use of stream chemistry for monitoring acidic deposition effects in the Adirondack region of New York SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; LAKES; ECOSYSTEM; SOIL; RAIN AB Acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) and pH were measured weekly from October 1991 through September 2001 in three streams in the western Adirondack Mountain region of New York to identify trends in stream chemistry that might be related to changes in acidic deposition. A decreasing trend in atmospheric deposition of SO42- was observed within the region over the 10-yr period, although most of the decrease occurred between 1991 and 1995. Both ANC and pH were inversely related to flow in all streams; therefore, a trend analysis was conducted on (i) the measured values of ANC and pH and (ii) the residuals of the concentration-discharge relations. In Buck Creek, ANC increased significantly (p < 0.05) over the 10 yr, but the residuals of ANC showed no trend (p > 0.10). In Bald Mountain Brook, ANC and residuals of ANC increased significantly (p < 0.01), although the trend was diatonic-a distinct decrease from 1991 to 1996 was followed by a distinct increase from 1996 to 2001. In Fly Pond outlet, ANC and residuals of ANC increased over the study period (p < 0.01), although the trend of the residuals resulted largely from an abrupt increase in 1997. In general, the trends observed in the three streams are similar to results presented for Adirondack lakes in a previous study, and are consistent with the declining trend in atmospheric deposition for this region, although the observed trends in ANC and pH in streams could not be directly attributed to the trends in acidic deposition. C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. New York State Adirondack Lakes Survey Corp, Ray Brook, NY 12977 USA. RP Lawrence, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM glawrenc@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1002 EP 1009 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 822BK UT WOS:000221509200025 PM 15224937 ER PT J AU Johnson, RA Zabrecky, J Kiryu, Y Shields, JD AF Johnson, RA Zabrecky, J Kiryu, Y Shields, JD TI Infection experiments with Aphanomyces invadans in four species of estuarine fish SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic menhaden; epizootic ulcerative syndrome; fungal infections; mummichog; hogchoker; striped killifish; ulcerative mycosis ID MENHADEN BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; ULCERATIVE SYNDROME EUS; ATLANTIC MENHADEN; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; MYCOSIS; DINOFLAGELLATE; PATHOGENICITY; PISCICIDA; LESIONS AB Along the eastern seaboard of the US, Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, develop characteristic ulcerative lesions, a condition termed ulcerative mycosis. These lesions are identical to those seen across Asia in fish affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome, a condition caused by the fungus-like oomycete Aphanomyces invadans. Young-of-the-year menhaden inhabiting estuarine environments are the primary species affected in the USA and little is known about the factors involved in the initiation of the lesions, or why menhaden are predominantly infected. Atlantic menhaden, hogchoker, Trinectus maculatus, striped killifish, Fundulus majalis, and mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, were inoculated with A. invadans (80 zoospores per fish) to explore species differences in infection and lesion development. All four species developed lesions. Killifish developed frank lesions similar to those observed in menhaden but the gross lesions occurred later, approximately 5-10 days after those on menhaden. Hogchoker and mummichog did not develop gross skin ulcers; rather, their lesions appeared as reddened areas under the epidermis. Mummichogs also showed evidence of significant healing with a well-developed granuloma and significant myocyte regeneration. These experiments show that species barriers as well as ecological barriers can explain some of the factors involved in the development of lesions in, and specificity of the water mould for, menhaden. C1 Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Environm & Aquat Anim Hlth, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Spring Hill Coll, Mobile, AL 36608 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Shields, JD (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Environm & Aquat Anim Hlth, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM jeff@vims.edu NR 26 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 27 IS 5 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00544.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 819ER UT WOS:000221297600004 PM 15139907 ER PT J AU Fontaine, AL Kennedy, PL Johnson, DH AF Fontaine, AL Kennedy, PL Johnson, DH TI Effects of distance from cattle water developments on grassland birds SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE distance sampling; livestock grazing; mixed-grass prairie; North Dakota; wildlife AB Many North American grassland bird populations appear to be declining, which may be due to changes in grazing regimes on their breeding areas. Establishment of water developments and confining cattle (Bos taurus L.) to small pastures often minimizes spatial heterogeneity of cattle forage consumption, which may lead to uniformity in vegetative structure. This increased uniformity may provide suitable habitat for some bird species but not others. We assessed how cattle use, vegetative structure, and bird population densities varied with increasing distance from water developments (0-800 m) on the Little Missouri National Grassland (LMNG) in North Dakota. Lark buntings (Calamospiza melancorys Stejneger), which are typically associated with low vegetative cover, decreased with increasing distance from water developments. Horned larks (Eremophila alpestris L.), also a low-cover associate, followed a similar but weaker trend. Densities of another low-cover associate as well as moderate- and high-cover associates were not related to distance from water. Vegetative height-density and litter depth increased by 50 and 112%, respectively, while cowpie cover and structural variability decreased by 51 and 24%, respectively, with distance from water. Confidence interval overlap was common among all measures, showing substantial variability among study sites. Our results indicate cattle use is higher closer to water developments, and this pattern may positively affect the densities of lark buntings and horned larks. The absence of density gradients in the other bird species may be due to the paucity of locations > 800 in from water on the LMNG. C1 Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregan Agr Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Fontaine, AL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Kennedy, Patricia/I-4902-2015 OI Kennedy, Patricia/0000-0002-2090-1821 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 57 IS 3 BP 238 EP 242 DI 10.2307/4003790 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 829JU UT WOS:000222045200002 ER PT J AU Bohlke, JK Harvey, JW Voytek, MA AF Bohlke, JK Harvey, JW Voytek, MA TI Reach-scale isotope tracer experiment to quantify denitrification and related processes in a nitrate-rich stream, midcontinent United States SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; HEADWATER STREAMS; GAS TRANSFER; FRESH-WATER; NITROGEN; NITRIFICATION; OXYGEN; SEDIMENTS AB We conducted an in-stream tracer experiment with Br and (15)N-enriched NO(3)(-) to determine the rates of denitrification and related processes in a gaining NO(3)(-) rich stream in an agricultural watershed in the upper Mississippi basin in September 2001. We determined reach-averaged rates of N fluxes and reactions from isotopic analyses of NO(3)(-), NO(2)(-), N(2), and suspended particulate N in conjunction with other data in a 1.2-km reach by using a forward time-stepping numerical simulation that included groundwater discharge, denitrification, nitrification, assimilation, and air-water gas exchange with changing temperature. Denitrification was indicated by a systematic downstream increase in the delta(15)N values of dissolved N(2). The reach-averaged rate of denitrification of surface-water NO(3)(-) indicated by the isotope tracer was approximately 120 +/- 20 mumol m(-2) h(-1) (corresponding to zero- and first-order rate constants of 0.63 mumol L(-1) h(-1) and 0.009 h(-1), respectively). The overall rate of NO loss by processes other than denitrification (between 0 and about 200 mumol m(-2) h(-1)) probably was less than the denitrification rate but had a large relative uncertainty because the NO(3)(-) load was large and was increasing through the reach. The rates of denitrification and other losses would have been sufficient to reduce the stream NO(3)(-) load substantially in the absence of NO sources, but the losses were more than offset by nitrification and groundwater NO(3)(-) inputs at a combined rate of about 500-700 mumol m(-2) h(-1). Despite the importance of denitrification, the overall mass fluxes of N(2) were dominated by discharge of denitrified groundwater and air-water gas exchange in response to changing temperature, whereas the flux of N(2) attributed to denitrification was relatively small. The in-stream isotope tracer experiment provided a sensitive direct reach-scale measurement of denitrification and related processes in a NO(3)(-)-rich stream where other mass-balance methods were not suitable because of insufficient sensitivity or offsetting sources and sinks. Despite the increasing NO(3)(-) load in the experimental reach, the isotope tracer data indicate that denitrification was a substantial permanent sink for N leaving this agricultural watershed during low-flow conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Bohlke, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jkbohlke@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 46 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 49 IS 3 BP 821 EP 838 PG 18 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 869JQ UT WOS:000224979600021 ER PT J AU Lisle, JT Priscu, JC AF Lisle, JT Priscu, JC TI The occurrence of lysogenic bacteria and microbial aggregates in the lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRESERVED SEAWATER SAMPLES; MARINE VIRUSES; PROPHAGE INDUCTION; COUNTING VIRUSES; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; COASTAL WATERS; NITROUS-OXIDE; CARBON FLUX; FOOD WEBS AB The McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica form the coldest and driest ecosystem on Earth. Within this region there arc a number of perennially ice-covered (3-6 m thick) lakes that support active microbial assemblages and have a paucity of metazoans. These lakes receive limited allochthonous input of carbon and nutrients, and primary productivity is limited to only 6 months per year owing to an absence of sunlight during the austral winters. In an effort to establish the role that bacteria and their associated viruses play in carbon and nutrient cycling in these lakes, indigenous bacteria, free bacteriophage, and lysogen abundances were determined. Total bacterial abundances (TDC) ranged from 3.80 x 10(4) to 2.58 x 10(7) cells mL(-1) and virus-like particle (VLP) abundances ranged from 2.26 x 10(5) to 5.56 x 10(7) VLP mL(-1). VLP abundances were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with TDC, bacterial productivity (TdR), chlorophyll a (Chl a), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP). Lysogenic bacteria, determined by induction with mitomycin C, made up between 2.0% and 62.5% of the total population of bacteria when using significant decreases and increases in TDC and VLP abundances, respectively, and 89.5% when using increases in VLP abundances as the sole criterion for a successful induction event. The contribution of viruses released from induced lysogens contributed <0.015% to the total viral production rate. Carbohydrate and protein based organic aggregates were abundant within the water column of the lakes and were heavily colonized by bacteria and VLPs. Alkaline phosphatase activity was detected within the matrix of the aggregates, implying phosphorus deficiency and consortial nutrient exchanges among microorganisms. C1 USGS, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Res, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Lisle, JT (reprint author), USGS, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Res, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jlisle@usgs.gov NR 72 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 427 EP 439 DI 10.1007/s00248-003-1007-x PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 837DI UT WOS:000222608100013 PM 15037960 ER PT J AU Morrison, CL Rios, R Duffy, JE AF Morrison, CL Rios, R Duffy, JE TI Phylogenetic evidence for an ancient rapid radiatio of Caribbean sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Synalpheus) (vol 30, pg 563, 2004) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Correction C1 Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Morrison, CL (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cheryl_morrison@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 31 IS 2 BP 810 EP 813 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.03.001 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 814AQ UT WOS:000220948000036 ER PT J AU Richards, JM Hansen, MJ Bronte, CR Sitar, SP AF Richards, JM Hansen, MJ Bronte, CR Sitar, SP TI Recruitment dynamics of the 1971-1991 year-classes of lake trout in Michigan waters of lake superior SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS PREDATION; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; POPULATION; RESTORATION; MOVEMENTS; STOCKING; SURVIVAL; RECOVERY; REEF AB In the 1950s, populations of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Superior collapsed because of excessive exploitation and predation by sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus. Restoration began in the 1950s with the stocking of juvenile, hatchery-reared lake trout and controls on fisheries and sea lampreys. Partial restoration was declared in 1996 because wild fish made up most of the populations in many areas, especially in Michigan waters, so stocking was dramatically curtailed in most areas. We evaluated the production of age-7 lake trout (recruits) by age-8 and older wild and stocked parental lake trout (spawners). Using Ricker stock-recruitment models, we also evaluated the effects of large-mesh (114-mm stretch measure) gill-net effort on wild lake trout recruitment in Michigan waters of Lake Superior during 1970-1998. In general, the density of wild lake trout spawners increased, whereas that of stocked lake trout spawners decreased in all management areas investigated. The density of recruits was best described by the combined density of wild and stocked parents, which suggested similar reproductive contributions for both. Recruitment rates declined significantly with increasing spawner density in four of the five management areas and suggested that carrying capacities were reached and exceeded, which may serve as an indicator of population restoration. We conclude that both wild and stocked lake trout have contributed to the recruitment of lake trout in Michigan waters of Lake Superior. Large-mesh gill-net fishing effort varied in all Michigan management areas but did not account for the significant variation in wild lake trout recruitment. We conclude that levels of large-mesh gill-net fishing effort during 1970-1998 were not having an appreciable effect on wild lake trout recruitment in Michigan waters of Lake Superior. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Sea Lamprey Control, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Richards, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM jessica_richards@fws.gov OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 475 EP 489 DI 10.1577/M02-078.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 829RO UT WOS:000222067500013 ER PT J AU Connor, WP Smith, SG Andersen, T Bradbury, SM Burum, DC Hockersmith, EE Schuck, ML Mendel, GW Bugert, RM AF Connor, WP Smith, SG Andersen, T Bradbury, SM Burum, DC Hockersmith, EE Schuck, ML Mendel, GW Bugert, RM TI Postrelease performance of hatchery yearling and subyearling fall Chinook salmon released into the Snake river SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID REARING DENSITY; COLUMBIA RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; STEELHEAD TROUT; SURVIVAL; SMOLTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; KISUTCH; GROWTH AB Two rearing treatments are used at Lyons Ferry Hatchery to produce yearling (age-1) and subyearling (age-0) fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha for supplementing production of wild fish in the Snake River. We compared four indicators of yearling and subyearling postrelease performance, namely, seaward movement, condition factor, growth rate, and survival. A standard rearing treatment was used to grow yearlings slowly for 14 months to sizes of 152-162 mm (mean fork length). A second standard rearing treatment was used to grow medium subyearlings at a moderate rate for 5 months to 84-89 nm. Two modified rearing treatments were used to produce large subyearlings that were grown rapidly to 90-103 mm and small subyearlings that were grown slowly to 70-76 mm. We released yearlings in April and subyearlings in June on the typical supplementation schedule. Seaward movement, condition factor, growth, and survival varied among rearing treatments. Yearlings moved seaward fastest for reasons related to their large size. Yearlings had the lowest postrelease condition factors and growth rates because they were released when temperatures were cool and they moved seaward quickly, spending little time to feed. Yearlings had the highest survival because they were released when the water was cool, they moved seaward quickly, and their large size reduced susceptibility to predation. Small subyearlings moved seaward the slowest because of their small size and slow growth before release. Small subyearlings had the highest postrelease condition factors and highest growth rates because they lingered and were exposed to relatively high temperatures that were favorable for growth. Small subyearlings had the lowest survival because they lingered and were exposed to low flow and warm water for long durations and their small size increased susceptibility to predation. We conclude that fall Chinook salmon performance after release from Lyons Ferry Hatchery is influenced by release date and by rearing treatment effects on size, prerelease growth rate, and postrelease behavior. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fisheries Resouce Off, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Govenors Salmon Recovery Off, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Connor, WP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fisheries Resouce Off, POB 18, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. EM william_connor@fws.gov NR 55 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 545 EP 560 DI 10.1577/M02-161.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 829RO UT WOS:000222067500019 ER PT J AU Nowak, GM Tabor, RA Warner, EJ Fresh, KL Quinn, TP AF Nowak, GM Tabor, RA Warner, EJ Fresh, KL Quinn, TP TI Ontogenetic shifts in habitat and diet of cutthroat trout in Lake Washington, Washington SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA LAKES; RAINBOW-TROUT; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PREDATION RISK; FEEDING-HABITS; ARCTIC CHARR; TRADE-OFF; SIZE; FISH; CLARKI AB Salmonids often display a series of ontogenetic shifts in habitat, and these may also be associated with changes in diet. For example, adfluvial populations rear in streams for several years and then migrate to lakes. The patterns of habitat use, trophic ecology, and movements of such populations are commonly studied during the riverine stages. The lacustrine period is typically less well known, but salmonids may play an important ecological role as lake piscivores. In Lake Washington, Seattle, Washington, cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki are a top native piscivore and may affect the dynamics of the fish and zooplankton upon which they prey. Our objective was to study the growth, diet, and size distribution of cutthroat trout in littoral and limnetic habitats of Lake Washington, with emphasis on consumption of two of the lake's dominant pelagic planktivores: juvenile sockeye salmon O. nerka and longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys. Cutthroat trout entered the lake at approximately age 2. As they grew larger, the cutthroat trout became increasingly piscivorous and tended to occupy the limnetic zone after they reached about 250 mm fork length (FL). Specifically, percentages (by wet weight) of fish in the diet of cutthroat trout increased from 22.5% for cutthroat trout smaller than 200 mm FL to over 95% for cutthroat trout larger than 400 mm FL. Fish made up a higher percentage of cutthroat trout diets in fall and winter in both the limnetic and littoral zones, and a greater proportion of fish was consumed in the limnetic zone than in the littoral zone. Variation in diet was observed among years (1995-2000), apparently reflecting the relative abundance of longfin smelt. The role of cutthroat trout both as the object of recreational fisheries and as a predator on sockeye salmon (valued in commercial and recreational fisheries) complicates management of this large, urban lake. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, Auburn, WA 98092 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Div Sci, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Quinn, TP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tquinn@u.washington.edu NR 43 TC 35 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 624 EP 635 DI 10.1577/M03-033.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 829RO UT WOS:000222067500026 ER PT J AU Paukert, C Rogers, RS AF Paukert, C Rogers, RS TI Factors affecting condition of flannelmouth suckers in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CATOSTOMUS-LATIPINNIS; POPULATION; ECOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE; LENGTH; FISHES AB The impoundment of the Colorado River by Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, in 1963 created a highly regulated environment in the Grand Canyon that altered the native fish populations, including the flannelmouth sucker Catostomus latipinnis. Flannelmouth suckers were sampled from 1991 to 2001 to determine seasonal, annual, and spatial trends in fish condition (i.e., relative weight [W(r)]). Mean W(r) peaked during the prespawn and spawning periods and was lowest in summer and fall, but it was never lower than 93. Condition was variable throughout the Grand Canyon but was typically greatest at intermediate distances from Glen Canyon Dam, possibly because of the increased number of warmwater tributaries in this reach. Flannelmouth sucker condition in September was positively correlated with Glen Canyon Dam discharge during summer (June-August); this result may be due to the larger euphotic zone and greater macroinvertebrate abundance observed during higher water flows. Increased dam discharge that stimulates river productivity may provide benefits for this native fish. C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. RP Paukert, C (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit,Div Biol, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cpaukert@ksu.edu NR 25 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 648 EP 653 DI 10.1577/M03-087.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 829RO UT WOS:000222067500028 ER PT J AU Belcher, CN Jennings, CA AF Belcher, CN Jennings, CA TI Evaluation of stock-recruitment curves for white shrimp in Georgia SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Georgia's food shrimp fishery is currently managed on the premise that a relationship exists between the abundance of spring-spawning white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus and the abundance of fall recruits. Spawners are caught primarily during May and June, and fall recruits are caught from August through January. The efficacy of this management approach is unknown because the relationship between the two segments of the shrimp fishery has never been evaluated. We applied Beverton-Holt and Ricker spawner-recruit curves to fishery-independent and fishery-dependent indices to determine whether spawner abundance could be used to reliably predict the abundance of fall recruits. The commercial landings (1b) from May and June combined were used as the fishery-dependent spawner index, and monthly catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) values observed during April, May, and June were used as fishery-independent spawner indices. Potential spawner-recruit models were evaluated for each set of indices and the resulting mean square error (MSE) values were compared. The best-fitting model was a Beverton-Holt curve that incorporated June CPUE as the spawner index. Unfortunately, this model was not very predictive. Multiple-regression techniques also were used to select environmental variables that enhanced the fit of the spawner-recruit model. Three two-variable models were evaluated for predictive fit, and the best model (r(2) = 0.447) included September salinity and October water temperature. Our results suggest that the abundance of white shrimp spawners is a poor predictor of the abundance of fall recruits. Inclusion of environmental factors, such as seasonal salinity and water temperature, can improve our ability to predict recruit abundance. C1 Univ Georgia, Marine Extens Serv, Commercial Fisheries Res Program, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Belcher, CN (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Marine Extens Serv, Commercial Fisheries Res Program, 715 Bay St, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. EM cbelcher@uga.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 654 EP 661 DI 10.1577/M02-187.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 829RO UT WOS:000222067500029 ER PT J AU Horton, TB Guy, CS AF Horton, TB Guy, CS TI Influence of time interval on estimations of movement and habitat use SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS; SURGICAL-PROCEDURES; SMALLMOUTH BASS; LEMON SHARKS; HOME RANGE; TROUT; TRANSMITTERS; MOBILITY; TRACKING; STREAM AB Although biotelemetry has been widely used in fisheries science, the standardization of methods is uncommon. Researchers often use more than one time interval (frequency of recording locations) in a study, and different researchers frequently use different time intervals. There is a paucity of information describing the relationship between time interval used and movement observed or the proportion of time associated with habitat type. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of varying time intervals on fine-scale (i.e., minutes-to-hours) diel movement and habitat use by spotted bass Micropterus punctulatus. To evaluate such effects, we tracked spotted bass (n = 11) every 15 min for a 24-h period. Using these data we simulated tracking at 30-min, 1-h, and 2-h intervals. The mean percent error of time interval simulations for total daily movement varied from 24.3% to 64.3% for 30-min and 2-h intervals, respectively. Loss of movement information (i.e., detecting less movement with simulated time intervals compared with the original data set) increased with increasing time intervals, and the 2-h interval poorly estimated diel movement. Conversely, habitat use was well-represented by each time interval. These results illustrate the importance of standardizing the use of time intervals and the need to consider time intervals when comparing results among biotelemetry studies. C1 Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div,Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Horton, TB (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, 4600 Giant Springs Rd, Great Falls, MT 59405 USA. EM thorton@state.mt.us NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 690 EP 696 DI 10.1577/M02-069.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 829RO UT WOS:000222067500033 ER PT J AU Didenko, AV Bonar, SA AF Didenko, AV Bonar, SA TI Standard weight (W-s) equations for four rare desert fishes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENDANGERED HUMPBACK CHUB; COLORADO-RIVER; RELATIVE WEIGHT; GILA-ROBUSTA; CYPRINIDAE; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; TELEOSTEI; ARIZONA; INDEX AB Standard weight (W-s) equations have been used extensively to examine body condition in sport fishes. However, development of these equations for non-game fishes has only recently been emphasized. We used the regression-line-percentile technique to develop standard weight equations for four rare desert fishes: flannelmouth sucker Catostomus latipinnis, razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus. roundtail chub Gila robusta, and humpback chub G. cypha. The W-s equation for flannelmouth suckers of 100-690 mm total length (TL) was developed from 17 populations: log(10)W(s) = -5.180 + 3.068 log(10)TL. The W-s equation for razorback suckers of 110-885 mm TL was developed front 12 populations: log(10)W(s) = -4.886 + 2.985 log(10)TL. The W-s equation for roundtail chub of 100-525 mm TL, was developed from 20 populations: log(10)W(s) = -5.065 + 3.015 log(10)TL. The W-s equation for humpback chub of 120495 mm TL was developed from 9 populations: log(10)W(s) = -5.278 + 3.096 log(10)TL. These equations meet criteria for acceptable standard weight indexes and can be used to calculate relative weight, an index of body condition. C1 Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biosci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu NR 21 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 697 EP 703 DI 10.1577/M02-119.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 829RO UT WOS:000222067500034 ER PT J AU Reinert, TR Will, TA Jennings, CA Davin, WT AF Reinert, TR Will, TA Jennings, CA Davin, WT TI Use of egg surrogates to estimate sampling efficiency of striped bass eggs in the Savannah River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID VARIABILITY; GRADIENTS; ESTUARY; CATCHES; BONGO; SIZE AB Surface push nets have been employed in the Savannah River estuary (SRE) to monitor striped bass Morone saxatilis spawning activity since the 1960s, but most intensively since the mid-1980s. These methods provide relative catch-per-unit-effort data for comparing station-to-station and year-to-year changes in egg abundance but do not provide total annual production estimates. To quantify the sampling efficiency of our gear, we investigated the use of gellan beads as striped bass egg surrogates. Gellan beads were comparable to striped bass eggs in size and specific gravity, and are appropriate surrogates for efficiency trials. In 1999 and 2000, we released known quantities of gellan beads to evaluate the efficiency of our egg sampling gear. Efficiency ranged from 1 bead per 11,300 at large (0.009%) to about 1 bead per 300,000 at large (0.0003%), depending on release and recapture locations. The use of egg surrogates was an effective and informative technique for evaluating our standardized egg sampling gear and may be similarly useful for other systems and other species with semibuoyant pelagic eggs. Additionally, the use of egg surrogates uncovered previously unsuspected biases in sampling efficiency because of differences in channel morphology and hydrology within the SRE. C1 Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey,Div Biol Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey,Div Biol Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jennings@uga.edu NR 25 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 704 EP 710 DI 10.1577/M02-186.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 829RO UT WOS:000222067500035 ER PT J AU Whiteman, KW Travnichek, VH Wildhaber, ML DeLonay, A Papoulias, D Tillett, D AF Whiteman, KW Travnichek, VH Wildhaber, ML DeLonay, A Papoulias, D Tillett, D TI Age estimation for shovelnose sturgeon: A cautionary note based on annulus formation in pectoral fin rays SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-PLATORYNCHUS; WHITE STURGEON; MISSOURI; VALIDATION; BIOLOGY; RIVERS AB Numerous studies have examined the age and growth of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, but only one study attempted to validate age estimation techniques. Therefore, our objective was to use marginal increment analysis to validate annulus formation in pectoral fin rays of shovelnose sturgeon collected from the Missouri River. We also compared the precision of age estimates between two different readers. Marginal increment distance indicated that for most of the populations an opaque band was laid down in pectoral fin rays during the summer. However, opaque bands were formed throughout the year in some individuals, which could be problematic when using fin rays for age estimation. The agreement of age estimates by two readers for shovelnose sturgeon was only 18%, and differences in ages between the two readers increased for older fish. The presence of split annuli, false annuli, spawning bands, imbedded rays, and deteriorating sections made individual growth rings difficult to separate. Our findings verified that opaque bands are formed annually during the summer in the pectoral fin rays of most shovelnose sturgeon, but some individuals form opaque bands during other times. Pectoral fin rays will probably continue to be the most practical method of age estimation in shovelnose sturgeon, but ages estimated by this method should be used with caution. C1 Resource Sci Ctr, Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Geol Survey, Environm & Contaminants Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Travnichek, VH (reprint author), Resource Sci Ctr, Missouri Dept Conservat, 1110 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM vince.travnichek@mdc.mo.gov NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 731 EP 734 DI 10.1577/M03-090.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 829RO UT WOS:000222067500040 ER PT J AU Bowers, JE Turner, RM Burgess, TL AF Bowers, JE Turner, RM Burgess, TL TI Temporal and spatial patterns in emergence and early survival of perennial plants in the Sonoran Desert SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Morisita's Index of Dispersion; mortality; recruitment ID LARREA-TRIDENTATA ZYGOPHYLLACEAE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MOJAVE-DESERT; SEEDLING SURVIVAL; CERCIDIUM-MICROPHYLLUM; CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; VEGETATION CHANGE; ESTABLISHMENT; POPULATION; DISPERSAL AB Seedling emergence and survival of 15 perennial species were studied for six years in a 557-m(2) permanent plot at Tumamoc Hill, Arizona, USA, an ungrazed site in the northern Sonoran Desert. The minimum rain required for germination and emergence ranged from 17.5 to 35.6 mm. Few species emerged in every year of the study. First-year survival averaged across all 15 species was 3.7%; only 0.1% of seedlings lived as long as four years. The odds of survival in the first year improved with increased rain. About three times as many seedlings died from predation as desiccation. In 2-m(2) subplots, mortality of three woody species in the first 30 days after emergence appeared to be independent of seedling density. Short-, moderate-, and long-lived species displayed distinct survival strategies. Long-lived species compensated for generally poor seedling survival by frequent germination and emergence. Moderate-lived species exhibited highly episodic germination and emergence, a potentially risky behavior that might have been offset to some extent by relatively good long-term survival. Short- lived species had the highest seedling survival. Because these species can bloom in their first year, good early survival meant that some individuals were able to reproduce before they died. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. Columbia Univ, Oracle, AZ USA. RP Bowers, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. NR 48 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 172 IS 1 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1023/B:VEGE.0000026026.34760.1b PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 816PH UT WOS:000221121300010 ER PT J AU Parise, M Calcaterra, D Larsen, MC AF Parise, M Calcaterra, D Larsen, MC TI Introduction to weathering and slope movement papers SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Politecn Bari, CNR, IRPI, I-70125 Bari, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, I-80124 Naples, Italy. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Parise, M (reprint author), Politecn Bari, CNR, IRPI, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 1470-9236 J9 Q J ENG GEOL HYDROGE JI Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 37 BP 76 EP 76 DI 10.1144/1470-9236/04-200 PN 2 PG 1 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 848JH UT WOS:000223463100001 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR McGeehin, JP Beann, J Fisher, E AF Muhs, DR McGeehin, JP Beann, J Fisher, E TI Holocene loess deposition and soil formation as competing processes, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE loess; holocene; Matanuska Valley; Alaska; paleosols; radiocarbon dating; inceptisols; spodosols; chemical weathering ID UNITED-STATES; MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; PALEOSOL SEQUENCES; RECORD; CLIMATE; GLACIATION; ILLINOIS; REGION AB Although loess-paleosol sequences are among the most important records of Quaternary climate change and past dust deposition cycles, few modern examples of such sedimentation systems have been studied. Stratigraphic studies and 22 new accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages from the Matanuska Valley in southern Alaska show that loess deposition there began sometime after similar to6500 C-14 yr B.P. and has continued to the present. The silts are produced through grinding by the Matanuska and Knik glaciers, deposited as outwash, entrained by strong winds, and redeposited as loess. Over a downwind distance of similar to40 km, loess thickness, sand content, and sand-plus-coarse-silt content decrease, whereas fine-silt content increases. Loess deposition was episodic, as shown by the presence of paleosols, at distances >10 km from the outwash plain loess Source. Stratigraphic complexity is at a maximum (i.e., the greatest number of loesses and paleosols) at intermediate (10-25 km) distances from the loess source. Surface soils increase in degree of development with distance down-wind from the source. where sedimentation rates are lower. Proximal soils are Entisols or Inceptisols, whereas distal soils are Spodosols. Ratios of mobile CaO, K2O, and Fe2O3 to immobile TiO2 show decreases in surface horizons with distance from the source. Thus, as in China, where loess deposition also takes place today, eolian sedimentation and soil formation are competing processes. Study of loess and paleosols in southern Alaska shows that particle size can vary over short distances, loess deposition can be episodic over limited time intervals, and soils developed in stabilized loess can show considerable variability under the same vegetation. (C) 2004 Universityof Washington. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 61 IS 3 BP 265 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.003 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 823BV UT WOS:000221585600003 ER PT J AU Schilling, SP Carrara, PE Thompson, RA Iwatsubo, EY AF Schilling, SP Carrara, PE Thompson, RA Iwatsubo, EY TI Posteruption glacier development within the crater of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The cataclysmic eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980, resulted in a large, north-facing amphitheater, with a steep headwall rising 700 m above the crater floor. In this deeply shaded niche a glacier, here named the Amphitheater glacier, has formed. Tongues of ice-containing crevasses extend from the main ice mass around both the cast and the west sides of the lava dome that occupies the center of the crater floor. Aerial photographs taken in September 1996 reveal a small glacier in the southwest portion of the amphitheater containing several crevasses and a bergschrund-like feature at its head. The extent of the glacier at this time is probably about 0.1 km(2). By September 2001, the debris-laden glacier had grown to about 1 km(2) in area, with a maximum thickness of about 200 m, and contained ail estimated 120,000,000 m(3) of ice and rock debris. Approximately one-third of the volume of the glacier is thought to be rock debris derived mainly from rock avalanches from the surrounding amphitheater walls. The newly formed Amphitheater glacier is not only the largest glacier oil Mount St. Helens but its aerial extent exceeds that of all other remaining glaciers combined. Published by University of Washington. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Schilling, SP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM sschilli@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 61 IS 3 BP 325 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.yqrs.2003.11.002 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 823BV UT WOS:000221585600009 ER PT J AU Knott, JR Tinsley, JC Wells, SG AF Knott, JR Tinsley, JC Wells, SG TI Are the benches at Mormon Point, Death Valley, California, USA, scarps or strandlines? - Reply SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID BASIN; CHRONOLOGY; INSIGHTS C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Knott, JR (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, POB 6850, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. EM jknott@exchange.fullerton.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 61 IS 3 BP 344 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.001 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 823BV UT WOS:000221585600013 ER PT J AU Applegate, D AF Applegate, D TI Stepping up to the plate SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 905, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Applegate, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 905, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM applegate@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 75 IS 3 BP 335 EP 337 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 876VR UT WOS:000225527100001 ER PT J AU Dieterman, DJ Galat, DL AF Dieterman, DJ Galat, DL TI Large-scale factors associated with sicklefin chub distribution in the Missouri and lower Yellowstone rivers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REGULATED RIVERS; GENUS HYBOPSIS; STREAM FISHES; RIO-GRANDE; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; DOWNSTREAM; RESERVOIRS; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEMS AB The conservation and management of imperiled fishes requires information on the factors influencing their distribution. The sicklefin chub Macrhybopsis meeki is an imperiled, small-bodied, riverine fish largely restricted to the main-stem Missouri, lower Yellowstone, and middle Mississippi rivers. We tested the association of sicklefin chub presence/absence with physical habitat. temperature, turbidity, flow, and piscivore abundance between July and October 19961997 at a riverscape spatial scale encompassing about 48-192-km-long segments over nearly 2,000 km of the Missouri and lower Yellowstone rivers. Four of the 64 variables examined were significantly associated with sicklefin chub presence/absence: distance to upstream impoundment, flow constancy (a measure of flow variability), mean turbidity, and percent of total annual flow occurring in August. The frequency of occurrence of sicklefin chub was highest when study segments were over 301 km downstream from an impoundment, flow constancy was 0.56 or lower (indicating variable flow), mean summer-early autumn turbidity was 80 nephelometric turbidity units or greater, and less than 10% of total annual flow occurred in August. Two complimentary models were developed from these results: a univariate model containing only a distance-to-upstream-impoundment term, and a multiple model that included mean turbidity and August flow. Models were evaluated for accuracy with an independent data set from 1998. The univariate model was a more accurate predictor of sicklefin chub presence/absence in 1998, with correct predictions in 79% of the 14 segments sampled, compared with 69% for the multiple model. These results demonstrate, at a riverscape spatial scale, the importance of maintaining or restoring long, free-flowing reaches containing a natural range of variability in seasonal low flows and turbidity to conserve a small-bodied, obligate-riverine fish. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci,US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildl, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Dieterman, DJ (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Lake City Area Fisheries Res Off, 1801 S Oak St, Lake City, MN 55041 USA. EM douglas.dieternian@dnr.state.mn.us NR 67 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 133 IS 3 BP 577 EP 587 DI 10.1577/T03-002.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 828ZM UT WOS:000222012400008 ER PT J AU McHugh, P Budy, P Schaller, H AF McHugh, P Budy, P Schaller, H TI A model-based assessment of the potential response of Snake River spring-summer Chinook salmon to habitat improvements SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; HISTORICAL CHANGES; FISH HABITAT; LAND-USE; OREGON; WASHINGTON; ABUNDANCE; RECOVERY; STREAMS AB The current recovery strategy for threatened Snake River Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha relies heavily on improvements to the quality of freshwater spawning and rearing habitat; however, the potential survival benefit from these actions is unknown. To address this issue, we created a model for predicting the early freshwater survival rates (egg to smolt) of this species as a function of five easily measured physical habitat variables and used this model to evaluate survival rates under five alternative future habitat states. Model validation showed that the predictions were reasonably accurate for individual stocks as well as for the trend in predictions across stocks. The results for the future habitat scenarios suggest that the potential for improving survival rates through habitat restoration is high for a few populations and low to nonexistent for most others while the potential for reduction in survival rates due to reduced habitat quality is great for all populations. The effects of modeled egg-to-smolt survival rate changes should be evaluated across the entire Chinook salmon life cycle to assess recovery potential. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. RP McHugh, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM petemchugh@cc.usu.edu RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012; Ebersole, Joseph/A-8371-2009 NR 59 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 133 IS 3 BP 622 EP 638 DI 10.1577/T03-097.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 828ZM UT WOS:000222012400011 ER PT J AU Pollock, KH Jiang, HH Hightower, JE AF Pollock, KH Jiang, HH Hightower, JE TI Combining telemetry and fisheries tagging models to estimate fishing and natural mortality rates SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REPORTING RATE ESTIMATION; RADIO-TAGGED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; RECAPTURE; RADIOTELEMETRY; COMPONENT; SHARKS; BASS AB The traditional multiple-year tag return method is a fundamental approach to estimating fishing and natural mortality rates in fisheries. It can provide reliable and precise estimation of the parameters when the tag reporting rate, lambda, is known. However, it is often difficult to estimate lambda accurately. An additional disadvantage is that this method has to estimate natural mortality indirectly because natural deaths are not observable. Recently, fisheries biologists have begun to implement telemetry methods to estimate fishing and natural mortality. The advantage of a telemetry method is that it contains direct information about natural mortality and survival. A shortcoming is that there is no direct information on fishing deaths. In this paper, we combine the two methods, using direct information about both fishing and natural mortality to obtain more precise and effectively unbiased parameter estimates, including reporting rate estimates for the regular tags. Using simulation when the telemetry tag relocation probability equals 1, we found that the relative standard error (RSE) of natural mortality estimates in the combination method is much improved relative to those of the tag return and telemetry methods. Annual fishing mortality estimates can also be estimated precisely. As expected, as the relocation probability of telemetry tags decreases the RSE of natural mortality and the other parameter estimates increases, but only slightly. Studies clearly should have relocation probabilities that are as high as possible. The tag reporting rate estimates are typically precisely estimated in the combined model. This is very important, as the tag reporting rate is not easy to estimate with other methods. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Biomath Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pollock, KH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM pollock@unity.ncsu.edu NR 30 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 133 IS 3 BP 639 EP 648 DI 10.1577/T03-029.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 828ZM UT WOS:000222012400012 ER PT J AU Page, KS Scribner, KT Burnham-Curtis, M AF Page, KS Scribner, KT Burnham-Curtis, M TI Genetic diversity of wild and hatchery lake trout populations: Relevance for management and restoration in the Great Lakes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH POPULATION; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ATLANTIC SALMON; SUPERIOR; DIFFERENTIATION; REHABILITATION; STOCKS; ALLOZYME; PROGRAMS; DNA AB The biological diversity of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in the upper Great Lakes was historically high, consisting of many recognizable morphological types and discrete spawning populations. During the 1950s and 1960s, lake trout populations were extirpated from much of the Great Lakes primarily as a result of overfishing and predation by the parasitic sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. Investigations of how genetic diversity is partitioned among remnant wild lake trout populations and hatchery broodstocks have been advocated to guide lake trout management and conservation planning. Using microsatellite genetic markers, we estimated measures of genetic diversity and the apportionment of genetic variance among 6 hatchery broodstocks and 10 wild populations representing three morphotypes (lean, humper, and siscowet). Analyses revealed that different hatchery broodstocks and wild populations contributed disproportionally to the total levels of genetic diversity. The genetic affinities of hatchery lake trout reflected the lake basins of origin of the wild source populations. The variance in allele frequency over all sampled extant wild populations was apportioned primarily on the basis of morphotype (theta(MT) = 0.029) and secondarily among geographically dispersed populations within each morphotype (theta(ST) = 0.024). The findings suggest that the genetic divergence reflected in recognized morphotypes and the associated ecological and physiological specialization occurred prior to the partitioning of large proglacial lakes into the Great Lakes or as a consequence of higher contemporary levels of gene flow within than among morphotypes. Information on the relative contributions of different broodstocks to total gene diversity within the regional hatchery program can be used to prioritize the broodstocks to be retained and to guide future stocking strategies. The findings highlight the importance of ecological and phenotypic diversity in Great Lakes fish communities and emphasize that the management of wild remnant lake trout populations and the restoration of extirpated populations should recognize and make greater use of the genetic diversity that still exists. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Page, KS (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Unit, 1601 Minnesota Dr, Brainerd, MN 56401 USA. EM kevin.page@dnr.state.mn.us NR 75 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 133 IS 3 BP 674 EP 691 DI 10.1577/T03-007.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 828ZM UT WOS:000222012400015 ER PT J AU Tiemann, JS Gillette, DP Wildhaber, ML Edds, DR AF Tiemann, JS Gillette, DP Wildhaber, ML Edds, DR TI Effects of lowhead dams on riffle-dwelling fishes and macroinvertebrates in a midwestern river SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THREATENED NEOSHO MADTOM; MAIN-STEM RESERVOIR; LOW-HEAD DAM; WARMWATER STREAM; NOTURUS-PLACIDUS; HABITAT USE; WATER; COLORADO; BARRIERS; INDEXES AB Many studies have assessed the effects of large damson fishes and macro invertebrates, but few have examined the effects of lowhead dams. We sampled fishes, macroinvertebrates,habitat, and physicochemistry monthly from November 2000 to October 2001 at eight gravel bar sites centered around two lowhead dams on the Neosho River, Kansas. Sites included a reference site and a treatment site both upstream and downstream from each dam. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that habitat, but not physicochemistry, varied immediately upstream and downstream from the dams, with resultant effects on macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages. Compared with reference sites, upstream treatment sites were deeper and had lower velocities and downstream treatment sites were shallower and had higher velocities; both upstream and downstream treatment sites had greater substrate compaction than reference sites. Macroinvertebrate richness did not differ among site types, but abundance was lowest at downstream treatment sites and evenness was lowest at upstream treatment sites. Fish species richness did not differ among site types, but abundance was highest at downstream reference sites and evenness was highest at upstream sites. The abundance of some benthic fishes was influenced by the dams, including that of the Neosho madtom Noturus placidus, which was lowest immediately upstream and downstream from dams, and those of the suckermouth minnow Phenacobius mirabilis, orangethroat darter Etheostoma spectabile, and slenderhead darter Percina phoxocephala, which were highest in downstream treatment sites. Although limited to one system during a 1-year period, this study suggests that the effects of lowhead dams on fishes, macroinvertebrates, and habitat are similar to those reported for larger dams, providing important considerations for riverine ecosystem conservation efforts. C1 Emporia State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Tiemann, JS (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Biodivers, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM jtiemann@inhs.uiuc.edu NR 48 TC 60 Z9 68 U1 6 U2 52 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 133 IS 3 BP 705 EP 717 DI 10.1577/T03-058.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 828ZM UT WOS:000222012400017 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Hubert, WA Rahel, FJ AF Quist, MC Hubert, WA Rahel, FJ TI Relations among habitat characteristics, exotic species, and turbid-river cyprinids in the Missouri River drainage of Wyoming SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-PLAINS STREAM; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; FLOW REGULATION; PRAIRIE STREAM; MINNOW; CONSERVATION; RESERVOIRS; PREDATION; PATTERNS; OKLAHOMA AB We used data from 91 stream reaches in the Missouri River drainage of Wyoming to determine whether abiotic and biotic factors were related to the abundance of four cyprinid species associated with turbid-river environments: flathead Chub Platygobio gracilis, sturgeon Chub Macrhybopsis gelida, plains minnow Hybognathus placitus, and western silvery minnow H. argyritis. The abundance of these cyprinids was positively related to the percentage of fine substrate in a reach and inversely related to the percentage of g-ravel substrate, the percentage of large rocky Substrate. and the abundance of exotic piscivores. Differences in substrate composition and abundance of exotic piscivores were largely explained by the presence and location of large, mainstem impoundments. Reaches without any large impoundments in their watershed had a high percentage of fine substrate, high catch rates of turbid-river cyprinids, few exotic piscivores, and little gravel or large rocky substrate. Reaches with a downstream impoundment (i.e., within 200 km) had habitat characteristics similar to those without impoundments but had few turbid-river cyprinids and many exotic piscivores. Reaches with an upstream impoundment (i.e., within 200 km) had little fine substrate, a high percentage of large rocky substrate, few turbid-river cyprinids, and many exotic piscivores. Our results suggest that impoundments have had a Substantial influence on the distribution and abundance of cyprinid species adapted to hydrologically dynamic. turbid prairie streams and that conserving these species is dependent on maintaining natural flow and sediment transport regimes and on reducing habitat suitability for exotic piscivores. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM mcquist@uwyo.edu NR 61 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 133 IS 3 BP 727 EP 742 DI 10.1577/T03-124.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 828ZM UT WOS:000222012400019 ER PT J AU Walvoord, MA Stonestrom, DA Andraski, BJ Striegl, RG AF Walvoord, MA Stonestrom, DA Andraski, BJ Striegl, RG TI Constraining the inferred paleohydrologic evolution of a deep unsaturated zone in the Amargosa Desert SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-MOVEMENT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; STABLE ISOTOPES; UNITED-STATES; SOIL; NEVADA; PROFILES; BASIN; SITE AB Natural flow regimes in deep unsaturated zones of arid interfluvial environments are rarely in hydraulic equilibrium with near-surface boundary conditions imposed by present-day plant-soil-atmosphere dynamics. Nevertheless, assessments of water resources and contaminant transport require realistic estimates of gas, water, and solute fluxes past, present, and projected conditions. Multimillennial transients that are captured in current hydraulic, chemical, and isotopic profiles can be interpreted to constrain alternative scenarios of paleohydrologic evolution following climatic and vegetational shifts from pluvial to arid conditions. However, interpreting profile data with numerical models presents formidable challenges in that boundary conditions must be prescribed throughout the entire Holocene, when we have at most a few decades of actual records. Models of profile development at the Amargosa Desert Research Site include substantial uncertainties from imperfectly known initial and boundary conditions when simulating flow and solute transport over millennial timescales. We show how multiple types of profile data, including matric and porewater concentrations of Cl-, deltaD, delta(18)O, can be used in multiphase heat, flow, and transport models to expose and reduce uncertainty in paleohydrologic reconstructions. Results indicate that a dramatic shift in the near-surface water balance occurred approximately 16 000 yr ago, but that transitions in precipitation, temperature, and vegetation were not necessarily synchronous. The timing of the hydraulic transition imparts the largest uncertainty to model-predicted contemporary fluxes. In contrast, the uncertainties associated with initial (late Pleistocene) conditions and boundary conditions during the Holocene impart only uncertainties to model-predicted contemporaneous fluxes. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. RP Walvoord, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM walvoord@usgs.gov RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385 NR 45 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 502 EP 512 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BA UT WOS:000227468800019 ER PT J AU Latysh, N Gordon, J AF Latysh, N Gordon, J TI Investigation of differences between field and laboratory pH measurements of National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network precipitation samples SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE measuring pH; NADP/NTN; precipitation pH; wet deposition monitoring ID CHEMISTRY AB A study was undertaken to investigate differences between laboratory and field pH measurements for precipitation samples collected from 135 weekly precipitation-monitoring sites in the National Trends Network from 12/30/1986 to 12/28/1999. Differences in pH between field and laboratory measurements occurred for 96% of samples collected during this time period. Differences between the two measurements were evaluated for precipitation samples collected before and after January 1994, when modifications to sample-handling protocol and elimination of the contaminating bucket o-ring used in sample shipment occurred. Median hydrogen-ion and pH differences between field and laboratory measurements declined from 3.9 mueq L-1 or 0.10 pH units before the 1994 protocol change to 1.4 mueq L-1 or 0.04 pH units after the 1994 protocol change. Hydrogen-ion differences between field and laboratory measurements had a high correlation with the sample pH determined in the field. The largest pH differences between the two measurements occurred for high-pH samples (>5.6), typical of precipitation collected in Western United States; however low-pH samples (<5.0) displayed the highest variability in hydrogen-ion differences between field and laboratory analyses. Properly screened field pH measurements are a useful alternative to laboratory pH values for trend analysis, particularly before 1994 when laboratory pH values were influenced by sample-collection equipment. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Latysh, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM nlatysh@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 154 IS 1-4 BP 249 EP 270 DI 10.1023/B:WATE.0000022971.59349.fc PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 809ZN UT WOS:000220674700019 ER PT J AU Black, LP Kamo, SL Allen, CM Davis, DW Aleinikoff, JN Valley, JW Mundil, R Campbell, IH Korsch, RJ Williams, IS Foudoulis, C AF Black, LP Kamo, SL Allen, CM Davis, DW Aleinikoff, JN Valley, JW Mundil, R Campbell, IH Korsch, RJ Williams, IS Foudoulis, C TI Improved (206)Pb/(238)U microprobe geochronology by the monitoring of a trace-element-related matrix effect; SHRIMP, ID-TIMS, ELA-ICP-MS and oxygen isotope documentation for a series of zircon standards SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE zircon; U-Pb geochronology; SHRIMP; ELA-ICP-MS; oxygen isotopes; reference standards; matrix effect ID U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; MAFIC INTRUSIONS; NIST SRM-610; AGES; PRECISION; XENOTIME; ACCURACY; GLASS AB Precise isotope dilution-thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) documentation is given for two new Palaeozoic zircon standards (TEMORA 2 and R33). These data, in combination with results for previously documented standards (AS3, SL13 QGNG and TEMORA 1), provide the basis for a detailed investigation of inconsistencies in (206)Pb/(238)U ages measured by microprobe. Although these ages are normally consistent between any two standards, their relative age offsets are often different from those established by ID-TIMS. This is true for both sensitive high-resolution ion-microprobe (SHRIMP) and excimer laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ELA-ICP-MS) dating, although the age offsets are in the opposite sense for the two techniques. Various factors have been investigated for possible correlations with age bias, in an attempt to resolve why the accuracy of the method is worse than the indicated precision. Crystallographic orientation, position on the Grain-mount and oxygen isotopic composition are unrelated to the bias. There are, however, striking correlations between the (206)Pb/(238)U age offsets and P, Sm and, most particularly, Nd abundances in the zircons. Although these are not believed to be the primary cause of this apparent matrix effect, they indicate that ionisation of (206)Pb/(238)U is dinfluenced, at least in part, by a combination of trace elements. Nd is sufficiently representative of the controlling trace elements that it provides a quantitative means of correcting for the microprobe age bias. This approach has the potential to reduce age biases associated with different techniques, different instrumentation and different standards within and between laboratories. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Geosci Australia, Minerals & Geohazards Div, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Royal Ontario Museum, Jack Satterly Geochronol Lab, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RP Black, LP (reprint author), Geosci Australia, Minerals & Geohazards Div, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM Lance.Black@ga.gov.au RI Valley, John/B-3466-2011; Mundil, Roland/E-5174-2011; Williams, Ian/F-4302-2012 OI Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722; Williams, Ian/0000-0003-4465-6493 NR 30 TC 670 Z9 730 U1 6 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.01.003 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 819IR UT WOS:000221309100008 ER PT J AU Mangan, MT Sisson, TW Hankins, WB AF Mangan, MT Sisson, TW Hankins, WB TI Decompression experiments identify kinetic controls on explosive silicic eruptions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HOMOGENEOUS BUBBLE NUCLEATION; RHYOLITIC MAGMAS; HIGH-PRESSURE; WATER; MELTS; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION; GLASSES; H2O AB Eruption intensity is largely controlled by decompression-induced release of water-rich gas dissolved in magma. It is not simply the amount of gas that dictates how forcefully magma is propelled upwards during an eruption, but also the rate of degassing, which is partly a function of the supersaturation pressure (DeltaP(critical)) triggering gas bubble nucleation. High temperature and pressure decompression experiments using rhyolite and dacite melt reveal compositionally-dependent differences in the DeltaP(critical) of degassing that may explain why rhyolites have fueled some of the most explosive eruptions on record. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mangan, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mmangan@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 8 AR L08605 DI 10.1029/2004GL019509 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 819OP UT WOS:000221324800003 ER PT J AU Larson, KM Lowry, AR Kostoglodov, V Hutton, W Sanchez, O Hudnut, K Suarez, G AF Larson, KM Lowry, AR Kostoglodov, V Hutton, W Sanchez, O Hudnut, K Suarez, G TI Crustal deformation measurements in Guerrero, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE transient deformation; GPS; Guerrero ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; SUBDUCTION ZONE; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; SEISMIC GAP; DISLOCATION MODEL; SEISMOGENIC ZONE; GPS MEASUREMENTS; SOUTHERN MEXICO; SLIP EVENT AB [1] GPS measurements of crustal deformation in Guerrero, southern Mexico, include surveys collected between 1992 and 2001 as well as continuous GPS measurements at a few sites. These geodetic observations are used to calculate interseismic deformation rates and assess the presence and possible location of transient deformation during the period encompassing 1992.25 to 2001.75. The data are used to examine transient deformation in 1998 previously described from data at a single site by Lowry et al. [2001]. Survey measurements and continuous data from a site near Popocatepetl volcano confirm the 1998 transient, and survey data also suggest another transient occurred following the 14 September 1995 (M-w = 7.3) Copala earthquake. All of the available GPS position estimates have been inverted for a combined model of slip during each event plus the steady state slip on the plate interface. Modeling of the steady state deformation rates confirms that the Guerrero seismic gap is partially frictionally locked at depths shallower than about 25 km and accumulating strain that may eventually be released in a great earthquake. The data also suggest that there is frictional coupling to much greater (> 40 km) depths, which releases more frequently in aseismic slip events. The locations and sizes of the transient events are only partially constrained by the available data. However, the transient models which best fit the GPS coordinate time series suggest that aseismic slip was centered downdip of the seismogenic portion of the plate-bounding thrust in both events, and the moment release had equivalent magnitudes M-w = 7.1+1.3/-1.0 in 1995-1996 and 7.1 + 0.4/-0.1 in 1998. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Hutton Consulting, Seattle, WA USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Larson, KM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kristine.larson@colorado.edu RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010; Kostoglodov, Vladimir/A-1933-2012; Lowry, Anthony/F-8158-2012; OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Lowry, Anthony/0000-0001-6023-3090; Kostoglodov, Vladimir/0000-0001-7169-3121 NR 49 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 28 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B4 AR B04409 DI 10.1029/2003JB002843 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 819OZ UT WOS:000221325800002 ER PT J AU Clark, MP Gangopadhyay, S Brandon, D Werner, K Hay, L Rajagopalan, B Yates, D AF Clark, MP Gangopadhyay, S Brandon, D Werner, K Hay, L Rajagopalan, B Yates, D TI A resampling procedure for generating conditioned daily weather sequences SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydroclimatology; prediction; stochastic hydrology ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; DAILY PRECIPITATION; DAILY RAINFALL; CHAIN MODEL; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION AB [1] A method is introduced to generate conditioned daily precipitation and temperature time series at multiple stations. The method resamples data from the historical record "nens'' times for the period of interest (nens = number of ensemble members) and reorders the ensemble members to reconstruct the observed spatial (intersite) and temporal correlation statistics. The weather generator model is applied to 2307 stations in the contiguous United States and is shown to reproduce the observed spatial correlation between neighboring stations, the observed correlation between variables ( e. g., between precipitation and temperature), and the observed temporal correlation between subsequent days in the generated weather sequence. The weather generator model is extended to produce sequences of weather that are conditioned on climate indices (in this case the Nino 3.4 index). Example illustrations of conditioned weather sequences are provided for a station in Arizona (Petrified Forest, 34.8degreesN, 109.9degreesW), where El Nino and La Nina conditions have a strong effect on winter precipitation. The conditioned weather sequences generated using the methods described in this paper are appropriate for use as input to hydrologic models to produce multiseason forecasts of streamflow. C1 Univ Colorado, Ctr Sci & Technol Policy Res, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado Basin River Forecast Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Program, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Clark, MP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Sci & Technol Policy Res, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 1333 Grandview Ave,Campus Box 488, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM clark@vorticity.colorado.edu RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013; Clark, Martyn/A-5560-2015 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240; Clark, Martyn/0000-0002-2186-2625 NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 28 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 AR W04304 DI 10.1029/2003WR002747 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 819PN UT WOS:000221327200005 ER PT J AU Moench, AF AF Moench, AF TI Comment on "Aquifer parameter identification using the extended Kalman filter'' by C.H. Leng and H.D. Yeh SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE groundwater; Kalman filter; parameter estimation ID DELAYED GRAVITY RESPONSE; PUMPING TEST DATA; UNCONFINED AQUIFERS; FLOW C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moench, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 496,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM afmoench@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 28 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 AR W04801 DI 10.1029/2003WR002516 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 819PN UT WOS:000221327200001 ER PT J AU Handeland, SO Wilkinson, E Sveinsbo, B McCormick, SD Stefansson, SO AF Handeland, SO Wilkinson, E Sveinsbo, B McCormick, SD Stefansson, SO TI Temperature influence on the development and loss of seawater tolerance in two fast-growing strains of Atlantic salmon SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; strains; temperature; smoltification; osmoregulation; gill Na+,K+-ATPase; growth ID PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; GILL NA+,K+-ATPASE ACTIVITY; GROWTH-HORMONE LEVELS; SALAR L. SMOLTS; WATER TEMPERATURE; FRESH-WATER; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PHOTOPERIOD CONTROL; ATPASE ACTIVITY; BROWN TROUT AB Development of hypo-osmoregulatory ability, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity, condition factor and growth in Atlantic salmon during parr-smolt transformation was studied in a 2 x 3 factorial design with three temperatures (12.0, 8.9 degreesC and ambient, 2.4-11.9 degreesC, mean: 6.0 degreesC) and two farmed strains of smolts (Mowi and AquaGen). The development of hypo-osmoregulatory ability and gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity were significantly influenced by freshwater temperature. In smolts raised at 12.0 degreesC, maximum gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity was reached in late April, compared with late May and mid-June in the 8.9 degreesC and ambient groups, respectively. In all groups, peak gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity was seen 350 degree days (d degreesC) after the onset of the smolt-related increase in enzyme activity (30 March) The period of high enzyme activity (>90% of maximum) lasted approximately 250 d degreesC. No distinct peak level in gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity was seen in the AquaGen strain at ambient temperature. Elevated temperatures also accelerated the loss of hypo-osmoregulatory capacity. In all groups, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity reached pre-smolt levels approximately 500 d degreesC after the calculated peak level. Growth rate in freshwater was influenced by strain, temperature and their interaction, with the Mowi strain showing a higher growth rate than the AquaGen strain at 8.9 degreesC and ambient temperatures. Following transfer to seawater, a higher growth rate was recorded in smolts from the Mowi strain than the AquaGen strain from the ambient temperature regime. Temperature influences the development and loss of smolt characteristics in both strains, and has long-term effects on post-smolt performance in seawater. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bergen, Ctr High Technol, Dept Fisheries & Marine Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. Hydro Seafood, N-5000 Bergen, Norway. USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Handeland, SO (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Ctr High Technol, Dept Fisheries & Marine Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. EM Sigurd.Handeland@ifm.uib.no NR 58 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 26 PY 2004 VL 233 IS 1-4 BP 513 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.08.028 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812BT UT WOS:000220815700036 ER PT J AU Willcox, MK Woodward, LA Ylitalo, GM Buzitis, J Atkinson, S Li, QX AF Willcox, MK Woodward, LA Ylitalo, GM Buzitis, J Atkinson, S Li, QX TI Organochlorines in the free-ranging Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) from French Frigate Shoals, North Pacific Ocean SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyls; dioxin-like PCBs; DDT; Hawaiian monk seal; marine pollution ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; PHOCA-VITULINA; MARINE BIOTA; FACTORS TEFS; CONTAMINANTS; PCBS; COPLANAR; TISSUES AB The Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) is an endangered species found only in the Hawaiian Island chain. The largest subpopulation, at French Frigate Shoals, has been in decline since 1989. In order to assess organochlorine (OC) levels in the Hawaiian monk seals, whole blood and blubber samples were collected in 1999 from 46 free-ranging Hawaiian monk seals at French Frigate Shoals, and were analyzed for eight dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as six other PCB congeners, DDT and DDT metabolites. Average levels of the total PCBs in blood samples from adult mate, juvenile and reproductive female groups were 4800, 4000 and 3000 ng/g lipid wt., respectively, whereas 3200, 1300 and 1200 ng/g, respectively, in blubber from the three corresponding groups. p,p'-DDE was the only DDT detected in blubber samples, and no DDTs were detected in blood samples. Concentrations of the total PCBs in adult males were significantly higher than the levels measured in either reproductive females or juveniles. There were significant correlations between age and blubber p,p'-DDE, estimated mass and total blood PCBs or blubber p,p'-DDE, and body condition and total blood PCBs. Although it is clear that the Hawaiian monk seal has been exposed to OCs, it is unclear what biological effects, if any, these xenobiotics may have on the animals. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Pacific Isl Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Li, QX (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM qingl@hawaii.edu NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 25 PY 2004 VL 322 IS 1-3 BP 81 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.09.014 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 817QA UT WOS:000221190800007 PM 15081740 ER PT J AU Stamenkovic, J Gustin, MS Marvin-DiPasquale, MC Thomas, BA Agee, JL AF Stamenkovic, J Gustin, MS Marvin-DiPasquale, MC Thomas, BA Agee, JL TI Distribution of total and methyl mercury in sediments along Steamboat Creek (Nevada, USA) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE methyl mercury; total mercury; sediments; methylation; demethylation; silver and gold mining; sulfate reduction rate ID AQUEOUS-PHASE ETHYLATION; WEST-CENTRAL NEVADA; CARSON RIVER; SULFATE REDUCTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-CARBON; PORE WATERS; METHYLMERCURY; SPECIATION AB In the late 1800s, mills in the Washoe Lake area, Nevada, used elemental mercury to remove gold and silver from the ores of the Comstock deposit. Since that time, mercury contaminated waste has been distributed from Washoe Lake, down Steamboat Creek, and to the Truckee River. The creek has high mercury concentrations in both water and sediments, and continues to be a constant source of mercury to the Truckee River. The objective of this study was to determine concentrations of total and methyl mercury (MeHg) in surface sediments and characterize their spatial distribution in the Steamboat Creek watershed. Total mercury concentrations measured in channel and bank sediments did not decrease downstream, indicating that mercury contamination has been distributed along the creek's length. Total mercury concentrations in sediments (0.01-21.43 mug/g) were one to two orders of magnitude higher than those in pristine systems. At 14 out of 17 sites, MeHg concentrations in streambank sediments were higher than the concentrations in the channel, suggesting that low banks with wet sediments might be important sites of mercury methylation in this system. Both pond/wetland and channel sites exhibited high potential for mercury methylation (6.4-30.0 ng g(-1) day(-1)). Potential methylation rates were positively correlated with sulfate reduction rates, and decreased as a function of reduced sulfur and MeHg concentration in the sediments. Potential demethylation rate appeared not to be influenced by MeHg concentration, sulfur chemistry, DOC, sediment grain size or other parameters, and showed little variation across the sites (3.7-7.4 ng g(-1) day(-1)). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gustin, MS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, MS 370, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM msg@unr.edu NR 37 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 25 PY 2004 VL 322 IS 1-3 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.10.029 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 817QA UT WOS:000221190800013 PM 15081746 ER PT J AU Aizen, VB Aizen, EM Melack, JM Kreutz, KJ Cecil, LD AF Aizen, VB Aizen, EM Melack, JM Kreutz, KJ Cecil, LD TI Association between atmospheric circulation patterns and firn-ice core records from the Inilchek glacierized area, central Tien Shan, Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Tien Shan ice core; geochemistry; isotopes; atmospheric circulation ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; DELTA-O-18; ISOTOPES AB [1] Glacioclimatological research in the central Tien Shan was performed in the summers of 1998 and 1999 on the South Inilchek Glacier at 5100 - 5460 m. A 14.36 m firn-ice core and snow samples were collected and used for stratigraphic, isotopic, and chemical analyses. The firn-ice core and snow records were related to snow pit measurements at an event scale and to meteorological data and synoptic indices of atmospheric circulation at annual and seasonal scales. Linear relationships between the seasonal air temperature and seasonal isotopic composition in accumulated precipitation were established. Changes in the delta(18)O air temperature relationship, in major ion concentration and in the ratios between chemical species, were used to identify different sources of moisture and investigate changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. Precipitation over the central Tien Shan is characterized by the lowest ionic content among the Tien Shan glaciers and indicates its mainly marine origin. In seasons of minimum precipitation, autumn and winter, water vapor was derived from the arid and semiarid regions in central Eurasia and contributed annual maximal solute content to snow accumulation in Tien Shan. The lowest content of major ions was observed in spring and summer layers, which represent maximum seasonal accumulation when moisture originates over the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean and Black Seas. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Maine, Inst Quaternary & Climate Studies, Stable Isotope Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Aizen, VB (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, POB 443025, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM aizen@uidaho.edu NR 55 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 22 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D8 AR D08304 DI 10.1029/2003JD003894 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 816BV UT WOS:000221086300001 ER PT J AU Hardebeck, JL AF Hardebeck, JL TI Stress triggering and earthquake probability estimates SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE stress triggering; seismic hazard ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; 1992 LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; HECTOR MINE EARTHQUAKE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; STATIC STRESS; SLIP RATES; RECURRENCE INTERVAL; AFTERSHOCK HAZARD; JACINTO FAULT; M-W AB Stress triggering and fault interaction concepts are beginning to be incorporated into quantitative earthquake probability estimates. However, the current methods are limited in their range of compatible earthquake nucleation models. I introduce a new general method for translating stress changes into earthquake probability changes, which can potentially be used with any physical fault model. Given the large uncertainties in earthquake probability calculations, it is unclear whether the small probability changes resulting from stress transfer are significant and meaningful for the purposes of seismic hazard assessment. I present a case study of the effect of the 1992 M7.3 Landers, California, earthquake on the probability of a major earthquake on the San Andreas Fault in southern California. This is a large event in a well-studied region, which should maximize the probability change signal and minimize the uncertainty. Even for this scenario, the earthquake probability change for a 30 year period is not significant with respect to the initial uncertainty in the earthquake probability. This example, comparisons with other studies, and exploration of parameter space imply that the probability changes due to stress triggering are significant only for time intervals which are short compared to the repeat time of the target fault. Therefore stress change calculations will be useful in long-term seismic hazard assessment only for low slip-rate faults. Otherwise, stress triggering calculations are best utilized in the short-term immediately following a major earthquake. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Hardebeck, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhardebeck@usgs.gov RI Michael, Andrew/A-5059-2010; OI Michael, Andrew/0000-0002-2403-5019; Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 NR 39 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 22 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B4 AR B04310 DI 10.1029/2003JB002437 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 816CF UT WOS:000221087300001 ER PT J AU Barlebo, HC Hill, MC Rosbjerg, D AF Barlebo, HC Hill, MC Rosbjerg, D TI Investigating the Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) site in Columbus, Mississippi, using a three-dimensional inverse flow and transport model SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE flow; groundwater; heterogeneity; hydraulic conductivity; hypothesis testing; inverse modeling ID HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFER; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; MASS-TRANSFER; TRACER TESTS; DISPERSION; FIELD; SCALE; DIMENSIONALITY; IDENTIFICATION AB [1] Flowmeter-measured hydraulic conductivities from the heterogeneous MADE site have been used predictively in advection-dispersion models. Resulting simulated concentrations failed to reproduce even major plume characteristics and some have concluded that other mechanisms, such as dual porosity, are important. Here an alternative possibility is investigated: that the small-scale flowmeter measurements are too noisy and possibly too biased to use so directly in site-scale models and that the hydraulic head and transport data are more suitable for site-scale characterization. Using a calibrated finite element model of the site and a new framework to evaluate random and systematic model and measurement errors, the following conclusions are derived. ( 1) If variations in subsurface fluid velocities like those simulated in this work (0.1 and 2.0 m per day along parallel and reasonably close flow paths) exist, it is likely that classical advection-dispersion processes can explain the measured plume characteristics. ( 2) The flowmeter measurements are possibly systematically lower than site-scale values when the measurements are considered individually and using common averaging methods and display variability that obscures abrupt changes in hydraulic conductivities that are well supported by changes in hydraulic gradients and are important to the simulation of transport. C1 Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Tech Univ Denmark, Envrironm & Resources DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Barlebo, HC (reprint author), Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM hcb@geus.dk; mchill@usgs.gov; dr@er.dtu.dk NR 43 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 22 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 AR W04211 DI 10.1029/2002WR001935 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 816CT UT WOS:000221088700001 ER PT J AU Salve, R Liu, HH Cook, P Czarnomski, A Hu, QH Hudson, D AF Salve, R Liu, HH Cook, P Czarnomski, A Hu, QH Hudson, D TI Unsaturated flow and transport through a fault embedded in fractured welded tuff SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fault; flow; transport ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TRACER TESTS; MATRIX DIFFUSION; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; WATER-FLOW; ROCK; SEEPAGE; CHALK; DISPERSION; SURFACES AB To evaluate the importance of matrix diffusion as a mechanism for retarding radionuclide transport in the vicinity of a fault located in unsaturated fractured rock, we carried out an in situ field experiment in the Exploratory Studies Facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. This experiment involved the release of similar to82,000 L of water over a period of 17 months directly into a near-vertical fault under both constant positive head (at similar to0.04 m) and decreasing fluxes. A mix of conservative tracers (pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA) and bromide (applied in the form of lithium bromide)) was released along the fault over a period of 9 days, 7 months after the start of water release along the fault. As water was released into the fault, seepage rates were monitored in a large cavity excavated below the test bed. After the release of tracers, seepage water was continuously collected from three locations and analyzed for the injected tracers. Observations of bromide concentrations in seepage water during the early stages of the experiment and bromide and PFBA concentrations in the seepage water indicate the significant effects of matrix diffusion on transport through a fault embedded in fractured, welded rock. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. RP Salve, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Mail Stop 14-116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM r_salve@lbl.gov RI Hu, Qinhong/C-3096-2009 OI Hu, Qinhong/0000-0002-4782-319X NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 21 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 AR W04210 DI 10.1029/2003WR002571 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 816CS UT WOS:000221088600001 ER PT J AU Katz, BG Chelette, AR Pratt, TR AF Katz, BG Chelette, AR Pratt, TR TI Use of chemical and isotopic tracers to assess nitrate contamination and ground-water age, Woodville Karst Plain, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrate; karst; springs; ground water; transit time ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; NORTHERN FLORIDA; MANTLED KARST; COASTAL-PLAIN; RIVER WATER; AQUIFER; RECHARGE; HE-3; FLOW AB Concerns regarding ground-water contamination in the Woodville Karst Plain have arisen due to a steady increase in nitrate-N concentrations (0.25-0.90 mg/l) during the past 30 years in Wakulla Springs, a large regional discharge point for water (9.6 m(3)/s) from the Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA). Multiple isotopic and chemical tracers were used with geochemical and lumped-parameter models (exponential mixing (EM), dispersion, and combined exponential piston flow) to assess: (1) the sources and extent of nitrate contamination of ground water and springs, and (2) mean transit times (ages) of ground water. Delta N-15-NO3 values (1.7-13.8parts per thousand) indicated that nitrate in ground water originated from localized sources of inorganic fertilizer and human/annual wastes. Nitrate in spring waters (delta(15)N-NO3 = 5.3-8.9%) originated from both inorganic and organic N sources. Nitrate-N concentrations (<0.02-16 mg/l) were highly variable both spatially and vertically in the oxic UFA, based on water samples from 46 wells and four springs collected from 1997 to 2000. During high-flow conditions, spring waters had decreased nitrate and increased DOC concentrations that resulted from mixtures of 20-95% surface water. Although higher nitrate-N concentrations (> 1.0 mg/l) were associated with shallow wells (open intervals less than 15 m below land surface), elevated nitrate concentrations in deeper wells are consistent with mixtures of water from shallow and deep zones in the UFA as indicated from geochemical mixing models and the distribution of mean transit times (5-90 years) estimated using lumped-parameter How models. Ground water with mean transit times of 10 years or less tended to have higher dissolved organic carbon concentrations, lower dissolved solids, and lower calcite saturation indices than older waters, indicating mixing with nearby surface water that directly recharges the aquifer through sinkholes. Significantly higher values of pH, magnesium, dolomite saturation index, and phosphate in springs and deep water (>45 m) relative to a shallow zone (<45 m) were associated with longer ground-water transit times (50-90 years). Chemical differences with depth in the aquifer result from deep regional flow of water recharged through low permeability sediments (clays and clayey sands of the Hawthorn Formation) that overlie the UFA upgradient from the karst plain. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NW Florida Water Management Dist, Havana, FL 32333 USA. RP Katz, BG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2010 Levy Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM bkatz@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 64 Z9 73 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 20 PY 2004 VL 289 IS 1-4 BP 36 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.hydrol.2003.11.001 PG 26 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 808MY UT WOS:000220574400004 ER PT J AU Wolfe, CJ Okubo, PG Ekstrom, G Nettles, M Shearer, PM AF Wolfe, CJ Okubo, PG Ekstrom, G Nettles, M Shearer, PM TI Characteristics of deep (<= 13 km) Hawaiian earthquakes and Hawaiian earthquakes west of 155.55 degrees W SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE earthquakes; Hawaii; seismology : seismicity and seismotectonics; seismology : volcano seismology (8419); tectonophysics : dynamics, seismotectonics ID BENEATH KILAUEA VOLCANO; MOMENT TENSOR SOLUTIONS; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SOUTH FLANK; LOIHI SEAMOUNT; CRUSTAL MODEL; FAULT; CALIFORNIA; SEISMICITY; LOCATIONS AB [ 1] High precision relocation of earthquakes recorded by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) seismic network provides new information on the characteristics of seismic faulting at this oceanic hot spot. Using waveform cross correlation, we have measured correlation coefficients and travel time differences for a set of 14,605 deep (greater than or equal to 13 km) earthquakes recorded from 1988 to 1998. We find that about half of the analyzed earthquakes are in similar event clusters that delineate fault zones in the lower crust and upper mantle. We suggest that much of this deep seismicity reflects rupture in the brittle lithosphere away from the magma pathways, although at Kilauea the stresses from magma movement may additionally help trigger mantle earthquakes on preexisting faults in regions with high differential ambient stresses. Focal mechanisms of similar event clusters throughout Hawaii display characteristic patterns and appear consistent with the hypothesis that deep earthquakes on preexisting faults reflect the stresses due to volcano loading and flexure. We also present the results of applying cross correlation analyses and relocation to -7000 earthquakes at all depths located west of 155.55degreesW and recorded from 1988 to 1998. The pattern of relocated earthquakes at the Kealakekua fault zone is consistent with the presence of a lowangle detachment on the west flank of Mauna Loa. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM cecily@soest.hawaii.edu RI Wolfe, Cecily /E-7874-2011; Nettles, Meredith/A-8638-2012; Ekstrom, Goran/C-9771-2012; Shearer, Peter/K-5247-2012 OI Ekstrom, Goran/0000-0001-6410-275X; Shearer, Peter/0000-0002-2992-7630 NR 65 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD APR 17 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q04006 DI 10.1029/2003GC000618 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 815XS UT WOS:000221075600001 ER PT J AU Foulger, GR Julian, BR Hill, DP Pitt, AM Malin, PE Shalev, E AF Foulger, GR Julian, BR Hill, DP Pitt, AM Malin, PE Shalev, E TI Non-double-couple microearthquakes at Long Valley caldera, California, provide evidence for hydraulic fracturing SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE volcanic earthquakes; Long Valley caldera; seismic moment tensors; swarms seismic sources ID ANOMALOUS EARTHQUAKE SIGNALS; GRENSDALUR VOLCANIC COMPLEX; BENEATH MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; GEYSERS GEOTHERMAL AREA; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; FOCAL MECHANISMS; 2-COLOR GEODIMETER; PLATE BOUNDARY; MOMENT TENSOR; ICELAND AB Most of 26 small (0.4 less than or similar to M less than or similar to 3.1) microearthquakes at Long Valley caldera in mid-1997, analyzed using data from a dense temporary network of 69 digital three-component seismometers, have significantly non-double-couple focal mechanisms, inconsistent with simple shear faulting. We determined their mechanisms by inverting P- and S-wave polarities and amplitude ratios using linear-programming methods, and tracing rays through a three-dimensional Earth model derived using tomography. More than 80%, of the mechanisms have positive (volume increase) isotropic components and most have compensated linear-vector dipole components with outward-directed major dipoles. The simplest interpretation of these mechanisms is combined shear and extensional faulting with a volume-compensating process, such as rapid flow of water, steam, or CO2 into opening tensile cracks. Source orientations of earthquakes in the south moat suggest extensional faulting on ESE-striking subvertical planes, an orientation consistent with planes defined by earthquake hypocenters. The focal mechanisms show that clearly defined hypocentral planes in different locations result from different source processes. One such plane in the eastern south moat is consistent with extensional faulting, while one near Casa Diablo Hot Springs reflects en echelon right-lateral shear faulting. Source orientations at Mammoth Mountain vary systematically with location, indicating that the volcano influences the local stress field. Events in a 'spasmodic burst' at Mammoth Mountain have practically identical mechanisms that indicate nearly pure compensated tensile failure and high fluid mobility. Five earthquakes had mechanisms involving small volume decreases, but these may not be significant. No mechanisms have volumetric moment fractions larger than that of a force dipole, but the reason for this fact is unknown. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Duke Univ, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Foulger, GR (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Geol Sci, Sci Labs, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM g.r.foulger@durham.ac.uk NR 56 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 132 IS 1 BP 45 EP 71 DI 10.1016/s0377-0273(03)00420-7 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 808NB UT WOS:000220574700004 ER PT J AU Langbein, J AF Langbein, J TI Noise in two-color electronic distance meter measurements revisited SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE data error; EDM measurements; power spectra ID GEODETIC TIME-SERIES; DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA; PARKFIELD; MONUMENT; SLIP AB [1] Frequent, high-precision geodetic data have temporally correlated errors. Temporal correlations directly affect both the estimate of rate and its standard error; the rate of deformation is a key product from geodetic measurements made in tectonically active areas. Various models of temporally correlated errors are developed and these provide relations between the power spectral density and the data covariance matrix. These relations are applied to two-color electronic distance meter (EDM) measurements made frequently in California over the past 15-20 years. Previous analysis indicated that these data have significant random walk error. Analysis using the noise models developed here indicates that the random walk model is valid for about 30% of the data. A second 30% of the data can be better modeled with power law noise with a spectral index between 1 and 2, while another 30% of the data can be modeled with a combination of band-pass-filtered plus random walk noise. The remaining 10% of the data can be best modeled as a combination of band-pass-filtered plus power law noise. This band-pass-filtered noise is a product of an annual cycle that leaks into adjacent frequency bands. For time spans of more than 1 year these more complex noise models indicate that the precision in rate estimates is better than that inferred by just the simpler, random walk model of noise. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Langbein, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM langbein@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 14 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B4 AR B04406 DI 10.1029/2003JB002819 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 815YN UT WOS:000221077700004 ER PT J AU Natawidjaja, DH Sieh, K Ward, SN Cheng, H Edwards, RL Galetzka, J Suwargadi, BW AF Natawidjaja, DH Sieh, K Ward, SN Cheng, H Edwards, RL Galetzka, J Suwargadi, BW TI Paleogeodetic records of seismic and aseismic subduction from central Sumatran microatolls, Indonesia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE paleoseismology; paleogeodesy; coral microatoll; earthquake cycle; elastic model ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; EARTHQUAKE DEFORMATION CYCLE; EQUATORIAL INDIAN-OCEAN; TIDE-GAUGE MEASUREMENTS; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; NANKAI TROUGH; LITHOSPHERIC DEFORMATION; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; CORAL MICROATOLLS AB [1] We utilize coral microatolls in western Sumatra to document vertical deformation associated with subduction. Microatolls are very sensitive to fluctuations in sea level and thus act as natural tide gauges. They record not only the magnitude of vertical deformation associated with earthquakes (paleoseismic data), but also continuously track the long-term aseismic deformation that occurs during the intervals between earthquakes (paleogeodetic data). This paper focuses on the twentieth century paleogeodetic history of the equatorial region. Our coral paleogeodetic record of the 1935 event reveals a classical example of deformations produced by seismic rupture of a shallow subduction interface. The site closest to the trench rose 90 cm, whereas sites further east sank by as much as 35 cm. Our model reproduces these paleogeodetic data with a 2.3 m slip event on the interface 88 to 125 km from the trench axis. Our coral paleogeodetic data reveal slow submergence during the decades before and after the event in the areas of coseismic emergence. Likewise, interseismic emergence occurred before and after the 1935 event in areas of coseismic submergence. Among the interesting phenomenon we have discovered in the coral record is evidence of a large aseismic slip or "silent event" in 1962, 27 years after the 1935 event. Paleogeodetic deformation rates in the decades before, after, and between the 1935 and 1962 events have varied both temporally and spatially. During the 25 years following the 1935 event, submergence rates were dramatically greater than in prior decades. During the past four decades, however, rates have been lower than in the preceding decades, but are still higher than they were prior to 1935. These paleogeodetic records enable us to model the kinematics of the subduction interface throughout the twentieth century. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Indonesian Inst Sci, Res Ctr Geotechnol, Bandung 40135, Indonesia. RP Indonesian Inst Sci, Res Ctr Geotechnol, Bandung, Indonesia. EM danny@gps.caltech.edu NR 66 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 14 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B4 AR B04306 DI 10.1029/2003JB002398 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 815YN UT WOS:000221077700002 ER PT J AU Day-Lewis, FD Lane, JW AF Day-Lewis, FD Lane, JW TI Assessing the resolution-dependent utility of tomograms for geostatistics SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; TRANSPORT AB Geophysical tomograms are used increasingly as auxiliary data for geostatistical modeling of aquifer and reservoir properties. The correlation between tomographic estimates and hydrogeologic properties is commonly based on laboratory measurements, co-located measurements at boreholes, or petrophysical models. The inferred correlation is assumed uniform throughout the interwell region; however, tomographic resolution varies spatially due to acquisition geometry, regularization, data error, and the physics underlying the geophysical measurements. Blurring and inversion artifacts are expected in regions traversed by few or only low-angle raypaths. In the context of radar traveltime tomography, we derive analytical models for ( 1) the variance of tomographic estimates, ( 2) the spatially variable correlation with a hydrologic parameter of interest, and ( 3) the spatial covariance of tomographic estimates. Synthetic examples demonstrate that tomograms of qualitative value may have limited utility for geostatistics; moreover, the imprint of regularization may preclude inference of meaningful spatial statistics from tomograms. C1 US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Bucknell Univ, Dept Geol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. RP Day-Lewis, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM daylewis@usgs.gov OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X NR 10 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 7 AR L07503 DI 10.1029/2004GL019617 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 815XT UT WOS:000221075700006 ER PT J AU Gallo, K Ji, L Reed, B Dwyer, J Eidenshink, J AF Gallo, K Ji, L Reed, B Dwyer, J Eidenshink, J TI Comparison of MODIS and AVHRR 16-day normalized difference vegetation index composite data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; DATA SET AB Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data derived from visible and near-infrared data acquired by the MODIS and AVHRR sensors were compared over the same time periods and a variety of land cover classes within the conterminous USA. The relationship between the AVHRR derived NDVI values and those of future sensors is critical to continued long term monitoring of land surface properties. The results indicate that the 16-day composite values are quite similar over the 23 intervals of 2001 that were analyzed, and a linear relationship exists between the NDVI values from the two sensors. The composite AVHRR NDVI data were associated with over 90% of the variation in the MODIS NDVI values. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat Syst Data Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gallo, K (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM kevin.p.gallo@noaa.gov; lji@usgs.gov; reed@usgs.gov; dwyer@usgs.gov; eidenshink@usgs.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010; OI Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896 NR 7 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 7 AR L07502 DI 10.1029/2003GL019385 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 815XT UT WOS:000221075700005 ER PT J AU Milici, RC Ryder, RT AF Milici, RC Ryder, RT TI Petroleum systems succeed play basis in Appalachian basin resource estimate SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Milici, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74112 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD APR 12 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 14 BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 812SB UT WOS:000220858100017 ER PT J AU Titus, TN AF Titus, TN TI Mars - Water, water everywhere SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEAR-SURFACE C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Titus, TN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM ttitus@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 8 PY 2004 VL 428 IS 6983 BP 610 EP 611 DI 10.1038/nature02482 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 810IE UT WOS:000220697200027 PM 15029206 ER PT J AU Anderson, M Matti, J Jachens, R AF Anderson, M Matti, J Jachens, R TI Structural model of the San Bernardino basin, California, from analysis of gravity, aeromagnetic, and seismicity data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE San Andreas Fault; San Bernardino basin; gravity anomalies ID ANDREAS FAULT SYSTEM; PULL-APART BASINS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; JACINTO FAULT; TRANSVERSE RANGES; BLOCK ROTATION; SLIP; EARTHQUAKES; DEFORMATION; MOUNTAINS AB [1] The San Bernardino basin is an area of Quaternary extension between the San Jacinto and San Andreas Fault zones in southern California. New gravity data are combined with aeromagnetic data to produce two- and three-dimensional models of the basin floor. These models are used to identify specific faults that have normal displacements. In addition, aeromagnetic maps of the basin constrain strike-slip offset on many faults. Relocated seismicity, focal mechanisms, and a seismic reflection profile for the basin area support interpretations of the gravity and magnetic anomalies. The shape of the basin revealed by our interpretations is different from past interpretations, broadening its areal extent while confining the deepest parts to an area along the modern San Jacinto fault, west of the city of San Bernardino. Through these geophysical observations and related geologic information, we propose a model for the development of the basin. The San Jacinto faul-trelated strike-slip displacements started on fault strands in the basin having a stepping geometry thus forming a pull-apart graben, and finally cut through the graben in a simpler, bending geometry. In this model, the San Bernardino strand of the San Andreas Fault has little influence on the formation of the basin. The deep, central part of the basin resembles classic pull-apart structures and our model describes a high level of detail for this structure that can be compared to other pull-apart structures as well as analog and numerical models in order to better understand timing and kinematics of pull-apart basin formation. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Anderson, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. EM anderson@geo.arizona.edu NR 74 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 6 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B4 AR B04404 DI 10.1029/2003JB002544 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 813PL UT WOS:000220918900001 ER PT J AU Karanth, KU Nichols, JD Kumar, NS Link, WA Hines, JE AF Karanth, KU Nichols, JD Kumar, NS Link, WA Hines, JE TI Tigers and their prey: Predicting carnivore densities from prey abundance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGY; LEOPARD; INDIA; DHOLE AB The goal of ecology is to understand interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms. In principle, ecologists should be able to identify a small number of limiting resources for a species of interest, estimate densities of these resources at different locations across the landscape, and then use these estimates to predict the density of the focal species at these locations. In practice, however, development of functional relationships between abundances of species and their resources has proven extremely difficult, and examples of such predictive ability are very rare. Ecological studies of prey requirements of tigers Panthera tigris led us to develop a simple mechanistic model for predicting tiger density as a function of prey density. We tested our model using data from a landscape-scale long-term (1995-2003) field study that estimated tiger and prey densities in 11 ecologically diverse sites across India. We used field techniques and analytical methods that specifically addressed sampling and detectability, two issues that frequently present problems in macroecological studies of animal populations. Estimated densities of ungulate prey ranged between 5.3 and 63.8 animals per km(2). Estimated tiger densities (3.2-16.8 tigers per 100 km(2)) were reasonably consistent with model predictions. The results provide evidence of a functional relationship between abundances of large carnivores and their prey under a wide range of ecological conditions. In addition to generating important insights into carnivore ecology and conservation, the study provides a potentially useful model for the rigorous conduct of macroecological science. C1 Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, 26-2,Aga Abbas Ali Rd,Apartment 403, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. EM karanth@blr.vsnl.net.in NR 36 TC 239 Z9 253 U1 4 U2 85 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 6 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 14 BP 4854 EP 4858 DI 10.1073/pnas.03062101 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 811GU UT WOS:000220761200026 PM 15041746 ER PT J AU Feist, G Van Eenennaam, JP Doroshov, SI Schreck, CB Schneider, RP Fitzpatrick, MS AF Feist, G Van Eenennaam, JP Doroshov, SI Schreck, CB Schneider, RP Fitzpatrick, MS TI Early identification of sex in cultured white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, using plasma steroid levels SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE sturgeon; sex identification; sex steroids ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; PROFILES; MATURATION; CONSERVATION; RICHARDSON; BESTER; HYBRID; CYCLE AB In sturgeon aquaculture, it is advantageous to sex fish as early as possible so that males can be used for meat production and females reserved for caviar production. Currently, growers wait 3 to 4 years before fish are sexed by an invasive surgical examination of the gonads. The goal of this study was to determine when sex could be determined by examining levels of plasma steroids. Populations of white sturgeon were held at three locations and water temperatures (Oregon-13 +/- 0.1 degreesC, Idaho-15 +/- 0.1 degreesC and California-18 +/- 0.5 degreesC). Blood was sampled every 3 months and plasma testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (KT) and estradiol (E2) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). By 18 months of age, males from California had significantly higher levels of T and KT than females. By 21 months, all males could be separated from females based on T and KT content (>2 ng/ml). However, males and females from Idaho and Oregon had similar levels of T and KT up to 36 and 34 months of age, respectively, and sex could not be delineated based on plasma sex steroid content. There were no differences in E2 levels between males and females in all populations, and at all sample periods. Histological analysis of gonads revealed that all but one of the males from California had well differentiated testes with spermatogonia undergoing mitosis in cysts (stage 2), whereas the testes of all fish from Idaho and Oregon had just begun to differentiate (stage 1). Growth rates of fish were highest in California, intermediate in Idaho and lowest in Oregon. It appears that proliferation of spermatogonia is necessary for production of androgens and that growth rate, as influenced by water temperature, is the main contributor to the early onset of this process. This study has developed a less invasive technique for ascertaining sex in white sturgeon that can be used 1 to 2 years earlier than current methodologies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey,Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Re, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Clear Springs Foods Inc, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. Dept Environm Qual, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Feist, G (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey,Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Re, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM feistg@onid.orst.edu NR 18 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 5 PY 2004 VL 232 IS 1-4 BP 581 EP 590 DI 10.1016/s0044-8486(03)00486-1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 804RF UT WOS:000220315100046 ER PT J AU White, LL Zak, DR Barnes, BV AF White, LL Zak, DR Barnes, BV TI Biomass accumulation and soil nitrogen availability in an 87-year-old Populus grandidentata chronosequence SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biomass; chronosequence; disturbance; nitrogen cycling; bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata); forest succession ID NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN; MINERALIZATION; VARIABILITY; GRADIENT; FIRE AB The Upper Lake States region is marked by major disturbances of fire and logging over 100 years ago that created a landscape mosaic of early successional forests. Given the intimate link between soil N availability and forest growth in this region, it is important to understand how temporal changes in soil N constrain the rate at which forest biomass accumulates following a stand-destroying disturbance. Bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata Michx.) currently dominates sites where primarily old-growth pine-hemlock-oak forests once thrived, which provides an opportunity to observe nearly 100 years of succession following severe disturbance. In this study, we examine the relationship between soil N availability and biomass accrual in a series of plots undergoing secondary succession following logging and burning. Our results demonstrate that total aboveground biomass and nitrogen accrual patterns are strongly and positively related on a highly disturbed, bigtooth aspen-dominated ecosystem in northern Lower Michigan. Nitrogen mineralization and nitrification were highest immediately following disturbance, and then decreased over the next approximately 20 years of succession. Following this short-term decrease, these processes increased and attained a maximum value after 70 years of forest succession. Understory biomass accumulation showed the opposite trend of nutrient availability, with highest values during the first 20 years of succession, followed by a dramatic decrease for the next 70 years. Understory biomass began to decrease as plants grew into the overstory or died. Total aboveground biomass was correlated with N mineralization (r = 0.894; P = 0.041) and nitrification (r = 0.782; P = 0.118) and appears to be increasing steadily to some maximum that has not yet been reached. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP White, LL (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 777 NW 9th St,Suite 400, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM lwhite@usgs.gov RI Zak, Donald/C-6004-2012 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2004 VL 191 IS 1-3 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2003.11.010 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 806TN UT WOS:000220456300009 ER PT J AU Rebich, RA Coupe, RH Thurman, EM AF Rebich, RA Coupe, RH Thurman, EM TI Herbicide concentrations in the Mississippi River Basin - the importance of chloroacetanilide herbicide degradates SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE herbicides; Mississippi river; degradates; chloroacetanilide; triazine; tile drains ID METABOLITES; PESTICIDES; PRODUCTS; STREAMS; LOAD AB The proportion of chloroacetanilide herbicide degradates, specifically the ethane sulfonic (ESA) and oxanilic (OA) acids, averaged 70% of the total herbicide concentration in samples from the Upper Mississippi River. In samples from the Missouri River and the Ohio River, the proportion of chloroacetanilide degradates in the total herbicide concentration was much less, 24% and 41%, respectively. The amount of tile drainage throughout the Mississippi River Basin appeared to be related to the occurrence and distribution of chloroacetanilide degradates in water samples. Pesticide concentrations in streams of the Mississippi River Basin have been well characterized. However, recent research demonstrates that in order to more fully understand the fate and transport of pesticides, the major pesticide degradates need to be included in the analysis. From March 1999 through May 2001, water samples from four major junctures of the Mississippi River Basin were collected and analyzed for a suite of herbicides and their degradate compounds. Each sampling site was selected to represent a major part of the Mississippi River: upper and lower Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio Rivers. Each basin has unique landscape variables, geology, hydrology, precipitation, and land use, which is reflected in the pesticide content at the most downstream sample site near the mouth of the Mississippi River. Atrazine was the most frequently detected herbicide (detected in 97% of the samples), followed by metolachlor (60%), and acetochlor (31%). The most frequently detected degradates were metolachlor ESA (69%), followed by deethylatrazine (62%), metolachlor OA (37%), and alachlor ESA (37%). Metolachlor ESA was detected more frequently than its parent compound (69 vs. 60%), as was alachlor ESA (37 vs. 9%). After an improvement was made in the analytical method, metolachlor ESA was detected in every sample, metolachlor OA in 89% of the samples, alachlor ESA in 84%, acetochlor ESA in 71%, and acetochlor OA in 66%. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Pearl, MS 39208 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Rebich, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 308 S Airport Rd, Pearl, MS 39208 USA. EM rarebich@usgs.gov RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 20 TC 66 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 5 PY 2004 VL 321 IS 1-3 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.09.006 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 817JM UT WOS:000221173800014 PM 15050395 ER PT J AU Shapiro, SD Busenberg, E Focazio, MJ Plummer, LN AF Shapiro, SD Busenberg, E Focazio, MJ Plummer, LN TI Historical trends in occurrence and atmospheric inputs of halogenated volatile organic compounds in untreated ground water used as a source of drinking water SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE halogenated VOCs; Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); PCE; carbon tetrachloride; chloroform; modeled ground-water residence times ID CHLORINE EMISSIONS INVENTORY; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; REACTIVE CHLORINE; UNITED-STATES; ANTHROPOGENIC HALOCARBONS; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; NONPOINT-SOURCE; HUMAN HEALTH; TRANSFORMATIONS; ATLANTIC AB Analyses of samples of untreated ground water from 413 community-, non-community- (such as restaurants), and domestic-supply wells throughout the US were used to determine the frequency of detection of halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in drinking-water sources. The VOC data were compiled from archived chromatograms of samples analyzed originally for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by purge-and-trap gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector (GC-ECD). Concentrations of the VOCs could not be ascertained because standards were not routinely analyzed for VOCs other than trichloromonofluoromethane (CFC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) and 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113). Nevertheless, the peak areas associated with the elution times of other VOCs on the chromatograms can be classified qualitatively to assess concentrations at a detection limit on the order of parts per quadrillion. Three or more VOCs were detected in 100% (percent) of the chromatograms, and 77.2% of the samples contained 10 or more VOCs. The maximum number of VOCs detected in any sample was 24. Modeled ground-water residence times, determined from concentrations of CFC-12, were used to assess historical trends in the cumulative occurrence of all VOCs detected in this analysis, as well as the occurrence of individual VOCs, such as CFC-11, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) chloroform and tetrachloroethene (PCE). The detection frequency for all of the VOCs detected has remained relatively constant from approximately 1940 to 2000; however, the magnitude of the peak areas on the chromatograrns for the VOCs in the water samples has increased from 1940 to 2000. For CFC-11, CCl4, chloroform and PCE, small peaks decrease from 1940 to 2000, and large peaks increase from 1940 to 2000. The increase in peak areas on the chromatograms from analyses of more recently recharged water is consistent with reported increases in atmospheric concentrations of the VOCs. Approximately 44% and 6.7% of the CCl4 and PCE detections, respectively, in pre-1940 water, and 68% and 62% of the CCl4 and PCE detections, respectively, in water recharged in 2000 exceed solubility equilibrium with average atmospheric concentrations. These exceedences can be attributed to local atmospheric enrichment or direct contaminant input to ground-water flow systems. The detection of VOCs at concentrations indicative of atmospheric sources in 100% of the samples indicates that untreated drinking water from ground-water sources in the US recharged within the past 60 years has been affected by anthropogenic activity. Additional inputs from a variety of sources such as spills, underground injections and leaking landfills or storage tanks increasingly are providing additional sources of contamination to ground water used as drinking-water sources. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Plummer, LN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 432,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM nplummer@usgs.gov OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 65 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 5 PY 2004 VL 321 IS 1-3 BP 201 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.09.007 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 817JM UT WOS:000221173800015 PM 15050396 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR AF Muhs, DR TI Mineralogical maturity in dunefields of North America, Africa and Australia SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 5th International Conference on Aeolian Research/Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems-Soil Erosion Network CY JUL 22-25, 2002 CL Texas Tech Univ, LUBBOCK, TX HO Texas Tech Univ DE aeolian processes; desert geomorphology; geochemistry; mineralogy; sand dunes; sediment composition; sediment sources; quaternary ID HOLOCENE EOLIAN ACTIVITY; QUATERNARY DUNE FIELDS; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; FRAMEWORK MINERALOGY; QUARTZ ARENITES; MOJAVE DESERT; RIVER SANDS; SEDIMENTS; PETROLOGY; ORIGIN AB Studies of dunefields in central and western North America show that mineralogical maturity can provide new insights into the origin and evolution of aeolian sand bodies. Many of the world's great sand seas in Africa, Asia and Australia are quartz-dominated and thus can be considered to be mineralogically mature. The Algodones (California) and Parker (Arizona) dunes in the southwestern United States are also mature, but have inherited a high degree of mineralogical maturity from quartz-rich sedimentary rocks drained by the Colorado River. In Libya, sediments of the Zallaf sand sea, which are almost pure quartz, may have originated in a similar fashion. The Fort Morgan (Colorado) and Casper (Wyoming) dunefields in the central Great Plains of North America, and the Namib sand sea of southern Africa have an intermediate degree of mineralogical maturity because their sources are large rivers that drained both unweathered platonic and metamorphic rocks and mature sedimentary rocks. Mojave Desert dunefields in the southwestern United States are quite immature because they are in basins adjacent to plutonic rocks that were their sources. Other dunefields in the Great Plains of North America (those in Nebraska and Texas) are more mature than any possible source sediments and therefore reflect mineralogical evolution over time. Such changes in composition can occur because of either of two opposing long-term states of the dunefield. In one state, dunes are stable for lone periods of time and chemical weathering depletes feldspars and other weatherable minerals in the sediment body. In the other state, which is most likely for the Great Plains, abrasion and ballistic impacts deplete the carbonate minerals and feldspars because the dunes are active for longer periods than they are stable. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 35046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov NR 93 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD APR 2 PY 2004 VL 59 IS 1-4 BP 247 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2003.07.020 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 806TT UT WOS:000220456900020 ER PT J AU Walvoord, MA Phillips, FM Stonestrom, DA Evans, RD Hartsough, PC Newman, BD Striegl, RG AF Walvoord, MA Phillips, FM Stonestrom, DA Evans, RD Hartsough, PC Newman, BD Striegl, RG TI Response to comment on "A reservoir of nitrate beneath desert soils" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Nevada, Grad Program Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Walvoord, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM walvoord@usgs.gov RI Hartsough, Peter/B-6104-2008; Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 2 PY 2004 VL 304 IS 5667 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 808KL UT WOS:000220567900026 ER PT J AU Chamblin, HD Wood, PB Edwards, JW AF Chamblin, HD Wood, PB Edwards, JW TI Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) use of rock drainage channels on reclaimed mines in southern West Virginia SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MICROHABITAT AB Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) currently receive protected status throughout their range due to population declines. Threats associated with habitat fragmentation (e.g., introduced predators, disease, loss of connectivity among subpopulations and habitat loss) may explain why Allegheny woodrats are no longer found in many areas where they existed just 25 y ago. In southern West Virginia, surface coal mining is a major cause of forest fragmentation. Furthermore, mountaintop mining, the prevalent method in the region, results in a loss of rock outcrops and cliffs within forested areas, typical habitat of the Allegheny woodrat. To determine the extent that Allegheny woodrats make use of reclaimed mine land, particularly rock drainages built during reclamation, we sampled 24 drainage channels on reclaimed surface mines in southern West Virginia, collected habitat data at each site and used logistic regression to identify habitat variables related to Allegheny woodrat presence. During 187 trap nights, 13 adult, 2 subadult and 8 juvenile Allegheny woodrats were captured at 13 of the 24 sites. Percent of rock as a groundcover and density of stems > 15 cm diameter-at-breast-height (DBH) were related to Allegheny woodrat presence and were significantly greater at sites where Allegheny woodrats were present than absent. Sites where Allegheny woodrats were present differed substantially from other described habitats in West Virginia, though they may simulate boulder piles that occur naturally. Our findings suggest the need for additional research to examine the dynamics between Allegheny woodrat populations inhabiting rock outcrops in forests adjacent to mines and populations inhabiting constructed drainage channels on reclaimed mines. However, if Allegheny woodrats can use human-created habitat, our results will be useful to surface mine reclamation and to other mitigation efforts where rocky habitats are lost or disturbed. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, USGS W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Wood, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, USGS W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM dchamblin@usgs.gov; pbwood@wvu.edu; jedwards@wvu.edu NR 23 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2004 VL 151 IS 2 BP 346 EP 354 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2004)151[0346:AWNMUO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811RM UT WOS:000220789000014 ER PT J AU Hough, SE AF Hough, SE TI Scientific overview and historical context of the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquake sequence SO ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Virtual Astrophysical Jets CY OCT 02-04, 2003 CL Dogliani, ITALY DE New Madrid earthquakes; intraplate; historic ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; SEISMIC ZONE; REELFOOT FAULT; GROUND MOTION; AFTERSHOCKS; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE; INTENSITIES; DEFORMATION; PROPAGATION AB The central and eastern United States has experienced only 5 historic earthquakes with M-w 7.0, four during the New Madrid sequence of 1811-1812: three principal mainshocks and the so-called "dawn aftershock" following the first mainshock. Much of the historic earthquake research done in the United States has focused on the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), because the largest New Madrid earthquakes may represent the archetype for the most damaging earthquakes to be expected in intraplate regions. Published magnitude values ranging from 7.0 to 8.75 have generally been based on macroseismic effects, which provide the most direct constraint on source size for the events. Critical to the interpretation of these accounts is an understanding of their historic context. Early settlments clustered along waterways, where substantial amplification of seismic waves is expected. Analyzing the New Madrid intensity values with a consideration of these effects yields preferred values of M-w 7.2-7.3, 7.0, and 7.4-7.5 for the December, January, and February mainshocks, respectively, and of 7.0 for the "dawn aftershock". These values are consistent with other lines of evidence, including scaling relationships. Finally, I show that accounts from the New Madrid sequence reveal evidence for remotely triggered earthquakes well outside the NMSZ. Remotely triggered earthquakes represent a potentially important new wrinkle in historic earthquake research, as their ground motions can sometimes be confused with mainshock ground motions. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@gps.caltech.edu NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1593-5213 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-ITALY JI Ann. Geophys. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 523 EP 537 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 857QB UT WOS:000224132300018 ER PT J AU Selbo, SM Snow, AA AF Selbo, SM Snow, AA TI The potential for hybridization between Typha angustifolia and Typha latifolia in a constructed wetland SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE hybridization; invasive; RAPDs; Typha angustifolia; Typha latifolia ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; NORTH-AMERICA; INVASIVENESS; EXTINCTION; XGLAUCA; PLANTS AB Three Typha taxa are recognized in the central USA: native Typha latifolia (broad-leaved cattail), the invasive Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaved cattail), and a hybrid between the two species, Typha x glauca. Previous authors have suggested that interspecific hybridization is common in cattails. In a 6-year-old constructed wetland in central Ohio, USA, we found that T angustifolia began flowering about 2 weeks earlier than T. latifolia, with female flowers opening several days earlier than male flowers. T. angustifolia shoots were 15 times more abundant and twice as dense as those of T. latifolia. Male flowers of T. angustifolia far outnumbered the male flowers of T. latifolia when the latter species began flowering, such that interspecific, pollination was likely during the short period of overlap. DNA markers (RAPDs) were used to screen for hybrids. These markers corresponded well to other species-specific traits, such as pollen type (monads versus tetrads) and the presence or absence of a gap in the floral spike. We found no putative hybrids based on surveys involving molecular and/or morphological traits. Thus, we did not detect any gene flow between the cattail species, despite opportunities for cross-pollination and F-1 seedling establishment. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Selbo, SM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 6950 Amer Pkwy,Suite H, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. EM sarena_selbo@fws.gov NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD APR PY 2004 VL 78 IS 4 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.aqua.2004.01.003 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 811IR UT WOS:000220766100006 ER PT J AU Brasher, AMD Wolff, RH AF Brasher, AMD Wolff, RH TI Relations between land use and organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and semi-volatile organic compounds in streambed sediment and fish on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; CONTAMINANT BIOMONITORING PROGRAM; MONITORING PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES; BED SEDIMENT; RIVER BASIN; RESIDUES; CHEMICALS AB Bed-sediment and/or fish samples were collected from 27 sites around the island of Oahu (representing urban, agricultural, mixed, and forested land use) to determine the occurrence and distribution of hydrophobic organic compounds including organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Of the 28 organochlorine compounds analyzed in the fish, 14 were detected during this study. Nineteen of the 31 organochlorine compounds and 40 of the 65 SVOCs were detected in the sediment. Urban sites had the highest number of detections and tended to have the highest concentrations of pesticides. Chlordane compounds were the most frequently detected constituents at urban sites, followed by dieldrin, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and DDT compounds. PAHs were the most frequently detected constituents in watersheds with mixed (urban and agricultural) land use. The only pesticides detected at agricultural sites were DDT and its degradation products, DDD and DDE. No pesticides or PCBs were detected at the forested sites, but a few ubiquitous SVOCs were found in sediments at some forested sites. In general, concentrations of the most frequently detected pesticides were higher in fish than in sediment. Following a trend that has been observed elsewhere in the nation, concentrations of most organochlorine pesticides and PCBs are decreasing in Hawaii. C1 US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Brasher, AMD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2329 W Orton Circle,677 Ala Moana Blvd,Ste 415, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM abrasher@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 46 IS 3 BP 385 EP 398 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-3019-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 801OK UT WOS:000220105000014 PM 15195811 ER PT J AU Martin, TE AF Martin, TE TI Avian life-history evolution has an eminent past: Does it have a bright future? SO AUK LA English DT Editorial Material ID FLYCATCHER FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; ENERGY ACQUISITION RATES; GENOME SIZE; NATURAL-SELECTION; CLUTCH SIZE; NEST PREDATION; SIBLING COMPETITION; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; PIED FLYCATCHER C1 Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Discipline,Avian Studies Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Discipline,Avian Studies Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tom.martin@umontana.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 110 TC 112 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2004 VL 121 IS 2 BP 289 EP 301 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0289:ALEHAE]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 826JE UT WOS:000221824600001 ER PT J AU Shaffer, TL AF Shaffer, TL TI A unified approach to analyzing nest success SO AUK LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; MAYFIELD METHOD; SURVIVAL RATES; FOREST; PRAIRIE; PROGRAM; BIRDS; DUCKS AB Logistic regression has become increasingly popular for modeling nest success in terms of nest-specific explanatory variables. However, logistic regression models for nest fate are inappropriate when applied to data from nests found at various ages, for the same reason that the apparent estimator of nest success is biased (i.e. older clutches are more likely to be successful than younger clutches). A generalized linear model is presented and illustrated that gives ornithologists access to a flexible, suitable alternative to logistic regression that is appropriate when exposure periods vary, as they usually do. Unlike the Mayfield method (1961, 1975) and the logistic regression method of Aebischer (1999), the logistic-exposure model requires no assumptions about when nest losses occur. Nest survival models involving continuous and categorical explanatory variables, multiway classifications, and time-specific (e.g. nest age) and random effects are easily implemented with the logistic-exposure model. Application of the model to a sample of Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens) nests shows that logistic-exposure estimates for individual levels of categorical explanatory variables agree closely with estimates obtained with Johnson's (1979) constant-survival estimator. Use of the logistic-exposure method to model time-specific effects of nest age and date on survival of Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors) and Mallard (A. platyrhynchos) nests gives results comparable to those reported by Klett and Johnson (1982). However, the logistic-exposure approach is less subjective and much easier to implement than Klett and Johnson's method. In addition, logistic-exposure survival rate estimates are constrained to the (0,1) interval, whereas Klett and Johnson estimates are not. When applied to a sample of Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) nests, the logistic-exposure method gives results either identical to, or similar to, those obtained with the nest survival model in program MARK (White and Burnham 1999). I illustrate how the combination of generalized linear models and information-theoretic techniques for model selection, along with commonly available statistical software, provides ornithologists with a powerful, easily used approach to analyzing nest success. C1 US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Shaffer, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM terry_shaffer@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 385 Z9 390 U1 13 U2 124 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2004 VL 121 IS 2 BP 526 EP 540 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0526:AUATAN]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 826JE UT WOS:000221824600024 ER PT J AU Pejchar, L Jeffrey, J AF Pejchar, L Jeffrey, J TI Sap-feeding behavior and tree selection in the endangered Akiapolaau (Hemignathus munroi) in Hawaii SO AUK LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-BELLIED GLIDER; PETAURUS-AUSTRALIS; ECOLOGY; BIRDS AB The Akiapolaau (Hemignathus munroi), an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper, drills 3-5 mm deep holes in particular ohia trees (Metrosideros polymorpha) and drinks the sap that emerges, a remarkable example of convergent evolution in sap-feeding behavior with mainland woodpeckers and Australian sugar-gliders. There has been little research on how this species selects sap trees ("Aki trees") and what advantages they confer. We marked the locations of and collected sap samples and microhabitat data from 101 Aki trees and 73 randomly selected control trees in Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaii. Aki trees were rare (2 ha(-1)), spatially clustered, and defended by Akiapolaau. Sap flow volume and speed were substantially greater in Aki trees than in controls. Aki trees also were larger, had thinner bark, and were more likely to be located on convex east-facing slopes where more light is available. Those results support the hypothesis that Aki trees are selected on the basis of high sap flow and a suite of unique microhabitat and tree characteristics. Sap may be an important energy source in times of low insect availability and a potent alternative to nectar for the Akiapolaau. Aki trees are both a fascinating example of niche specialization and a factor that should be considered when conserving or restoring habitat for this endangered species. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hakalau Forest Natl Wildlife Refuge, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Pejchar, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM pejchar@ucsc.edu NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2004 VL 121 IS 2 BP 548 EP 556 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0548:SBATSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 826JE UT WOS:000221824600026 ER PT J AU Welsch, DL Burns, DA Murdoch, PS AF Welsch, DL Burns, DA Murdoch, PS TI Processes affecting the response of sulfate concentrations to clearcutting in a northern hardwood forest, Catskill Mountains, New York, USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric sulfur deposition; Catskill Mountains; clearcutting; stream chemistry; sulfate adsorption; topographic index ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; STREAM CHEMISTRY; SULFUR; SOIL; ECOSYSTEM; VARIABILITY; CATCHMENTS; ADSORPTION; RECOVERY; FLUXES AB The effects of disturbance on the biogeochemical processes that affect the sulfur (S) cycle in forested ecosystems are important, but have been studied in only a few locations. In this investigation, the mechanisms that caused large decreases in stream SO42- concentrations after clearcutting a small forested catchment in the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York in 1997 were identified through an examination of pH and SO42- concentrations in soil solutions, bulk deposition of SO42- in throughfall collectors, adsorbed SO42- concentrations in buried soil bags, and spatial variations in SO42- concentrations in shallow groundwater. The load of SO42- -S in stream water during the first 2 years after clearcutting was about 2 kg ha(-1) year(-1) less than the background value of 8-10 kg ha(-1) year(-1). The 10 and 19% decrease in net throughfall flux of SO42- -S during the 2nd and 3rd year after the clearcut, respectively, reflects reduced dry deposition of S after removal of the canopy, but this decrease accounts for 0 and 43%, respectively, of the decrease in SO42- load in streamflow for these 2 years. The pH of B-horizon soil water decreased from 4.5 to 4.0 within 8 months after the clearcut, and SO42- concentrations decreased from 45 mumol L-1 to less than 20 mumol L-1 during this time. A strong correlation between SO42- concentrations and pH values (r(2)=0.71, p<0.0 1) in B-horizon soil water during the post-harvest period (1997-1999) reflects increased SO42- adsorption in response to soil acidification. Sulfate concentrations in groundwater from 21 spatially distributed wells were inversely related to a topographic index that served as a surrogate for soil wetness; thus, providing additional evidence that SO42- adsorption was the dominant cause of the decreased SO42- concentrations in the stream after clearcutting. These results are consistent with those from a 1985 whole-tree harvest at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire in which increased SO42- adsorption resulting from decreased soil pH was the primary cause of decreased SO42- concentrations in stream water. C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Frostburg State Univ, Dept Geog, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. RP Welsch, DL (reprint author), Frostburg State Univ, Dept Geog, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. EM dwelsch@frostburg.edu RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 337 EP 354 DI 10.1023/B:BIOG.0000031034.48927.1e PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 837CX UT WOS:000222606700004 ER PT J AU Kobza, RM Trexler, JC Loftus, WF Perry, SA AF Kobza, RM Trexler, JC Loftus, WF Perry, SA TI Community structure of fishes inhabiting aquatic refuges in a threatened Karst wetland and its implications for ecosystem management SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE aquatic refuges; everglades; Florida; hydrology; non-native fishes; null-model analysis; solution holes ID NULL MODEL ANALYSIS; SAMPLING CHARACTERISTICS; TRAPS; INVASIONS; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; STREAM AB We illustrate the importance of subsurface refuges for conservation of aquatic fauna with our studies of karstic wetlands in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Managers have proposed that water levels there should not fall more than 46 cm below ground level for more than 90 days annually. In four areas, 84% of solution holes were less than 46 cm, deep and holes deeper than 1m were rare ( < 3 km(-2)). Null-model analysis indicated no "structure" in the solution-hole fish communities early in the dry season, but that structure emerged as drying progressed. Native cyprinodontiforms were abundant in shallow solution holes that dry annually under current management, while predatory species (often non-native) tended to dominate deeper holes. Water quality was correlated with hole volume and with composition of late dry-season fish communities. Tremendous losses of fish biomass occurred when water levels fell below 46 cm from ground surface. Most native taxa were unlikely to survive in the deep refuges that held predatory non-native taxa. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. S Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. RP Trexler, JC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM trexlerj@fiu.edu NR 35 TC 39 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2004 VL 116 IS 2 BP 153 EP 165 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00186-1 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 763KL UT WOS:000188084200001 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Behrens, MD Davis, GE Haaker, PL Kushner, DJ Richards, DV Taniguchi, IK Tegner, MJ AF Lafferty, KD Behrens, MD Davis, GE Haaker, PL Kushner, DJ Richards, DV Taniguchi, IK Tegner, MJ TI Habitat of endangered white abalone, Haliotis sorenseni SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE white abalone; endangered; fishing; Haliotis sorenseni; Channel Islands ID CALIFORNIA CHANNEL-ISLANDS AB Surveys with a submersible at offshore islands and banks in southern California found that white abalone were most abundant at depths between 43 and 60 m. This is deeper than estimates taken when white abalone were more abundant. Densities were highest at sites far from fishing ports. Controlling for depth and site found that white abalone were significantly more abundant in areas with Laminaria farlowii (an alga) but abalone were not associated with areas high in the cover of other algae (Pelagophycus porra or Eisenia arborea) or the amount of sand in the habitat (except that abalone always occurred on rock). Within an area with abalone, the particular rock they occurred on was significantly larger than unoccupied neighboring rocks. Occupied rocks were not significantly different in algal cover or in sea urchin density than unoccupied neighboring rocks. The position of abalone on a rock was nearer to the rock-sand interface than would be expected based on a random distribution. More white abalone were feeding when in association with red urchins, perhaps because both grazers capture drift algae to eat. These data may aid future efforts to locate white abalone brood stock and identify locations for outplanting. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Los Alamitos, CA 90720 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2004 VL 116 IS 2 BP 191 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00189-7 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 763KL UT WOS:000188084200004 ER PT J AU Amstrup, SC York, G McDonald, TL Nielson, R Simac, K AF Amstrup, SC York, G McDonald, TL Nielson, R Simac, K TI Detecting denning polar bears with forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polar bear; infrared imagery; maternal denning; human impacts; management ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; BEAUFORT SEA; NORTHERN ALASKA; URSUS-MARITIMUS; DEN SITES; SVALBARD; HABITAT; AREA AB Polar bears give birth in snow dens in midwinter and remain in dens until early spring. The survival and development of cubs is dependent on a stable environment within the maternal den. To mitigate potential disruption of polar bear denning by existing and proposed petroleum activities, we used forward-looking infrared (FLIR) viewing to try to detect heat rising from dens. We flew transects over dens of radio-collared females with FUR imager-equipped aircraft, recorded weather conditions at each observation, and noted whether the den was detected. We surveyed 23 dens on 67 occasions (1 to 7 times each). Nine dens were always detected, and 10 dens visited more than once were detected on some flights but not on others. Four dens were never detected (17 percent), but three of those were visited only under marginal conditions. The odds of detecting a den were 4.8 times greater when airborne moisture (snow, blowing snow, fog, etc.) was absent than when it was present, and they increased 3-fold for every 1degreesC increase in temperature-dew point spread. The estimated probability of detecting dens in sunlight was 0. Data suggested that FLIR surveys conducted during optimal conditions for detection can produce detection rates approaching 90 percent and thus can be an important management and mitigation tool. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Amstrup, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM steven_amstrup@usgs.gov RI McDonald, Trent/F-2885-2014 OI McDonald, Trent/0000-0001-7608-6988 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2004 VL 54 IS 4 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0337:DDPBWF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 811EP UT WOS:000220755500012 ER PT J AU Belovsky, GE Botkin, DB Crowl, TA Cummins, KW Franklin, JF Hunter, ML Joern, A Lindenmayer, DB MacMahon, JA Margules, CR Scott, JM AF Belovsky, GE Botkin, DB Crowl, TA Cummins, KW Franklin, JF Hunter, ML Joern, A Lindenmayer, DB MacMahon, JA Margules, CR Scott, JM TI Ten suggestions to strengthen the science of ecology SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecology; ecological theory; environmental policy; scientific method; population dynamics ID LONG-TERM; THEORETICAL ECOLOGY; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; PSEUDOREPLICATION; BIODIVERSITY; COMPETITION; PROGRAM; IDEAS; SPACE; TIME AB There are few well-documented, general ecological principles that can be applied to pressing environmental issues. When they discuss them at all, ecologists often disagree about the relative importance of different aspects of the science's original and still important issues. It may be that the sum of ecological science is not open to universal statements because of the wide range of organizational, spatial, and temporal phenomena, as well as the sheer number of possible interactions. We believe, however, that the search for general principles has been inadequate to establish the extent to which generalities are possible. We suggest that ecologists may need to reconsider how we view our science. This article lists 10 suggestions for ecology, recognizing the many impediments to finding generalizations in this field, imposed in part by the complexity of the subject and in part by limits to funding for the study of ecology. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Sci Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Environm Res Ctr, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Calif Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Div Ecosyst Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Maine, Coll Nat Sci Forestry & Agr, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Ctr Resource & Environm Studies, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Utah State Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. CSIRO, Trop Forest Res Ctr, Sustainable Ecosyst, Trop Landscape Program, Atherton, Qld, Australia. Cooperat Res Ctr Trop Rainforest Ecol & Managemen, Atherton, Qld, Australia. Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Belovsky, GE (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Sci Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM Gary.E.Belovsky.1@nd.edu RI Crowl, Todd/C-9576-2011; Margules, Chris/F-4605-2012; Belovsky, Gary/C-1255-2014 NR 58 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 6 U2 66 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2004 VL 54 IS 4 BP 345 EP 351 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0345:TSTSTS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 811EP UT WOS:000220755500013 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JJ McNutt, SR Power, JA Wyss, M AF Sanchez, JJ McNutt, SR Power, JA Wyss, M TI Spatial variations in the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes at Mount Pinatubo Volcano SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID B-VALUES; MAGMA CHAMBERS; ALASKA; SEISMICITY; LOCATIONS; DEPTH AB The frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes measured by the b-value is mapped in two and three dimensions at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, to a depth of 14 km below the summit. We analyzed 1406 well-located earthquakes with magnitudes M-D greater than or equal to0.73, recorded from late June through August 1991, using the maximum likelihood method. We found that b-values are higher than normal (b = 1.0) and range between b = 1.0 and b = 1.8. The computed b-values are lower in the areas adjacent to and west-southwest of the vent, whereas two prominent regions of anomalously high b-values (b similar to 1.7) are resolved, one located 2 km northeast of the vent between 0 and 4 km depth and a second located 5 km southeast of the vent below 8 km depth. The statistical differences between selected regions of low and high b-values are established at the 99% confidence level. The high b-value anomalies are spatially well correlated with low-velocity anomalies derived from earlier P-wave travel-time tomography studies. Our dataset was not suitable for analyzing changes in b-values as a function of time. We infer that the high b-value anomalies around Mount Pinatubo are regions of increased crack density, and/or high pore pressure, related to the presence of nearby magma bodies. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. World Agcy Planetary Monitoring & Earthquake Risk, CH-1208 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Sanchez, JJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, 903 N Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2004 VL 94 IS 2 BP 430 EP 438 DI 10.1785/0120020244 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 817TX UT WOS:000221200900006 ER PT J AU Fisher, MA Normark, WR Langenheim, VE Calvert, AJ Sliter, R AF Fisher, MA Normark, WR Langenheim, VE Calvert, AJ Sliter, R TI Offshore Palos Verdes fault zone near San Pedro, southern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INNER CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS; CORE COMPLEX; MONICA; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; RANGES; MODEL AB High-resolution seismic-reflection data are combined with a variety of other geophysical and geological data to interpret the offshore structure and earthquake hazards of the San Pedro shelf, near Los Angeles, California. Prominent structures investigated include the Wilmington graben, the Palos Verdes fault zone, various faults below the west part of the San Pedro shelf and slope, and the deep-water San Pedro basin. The structure of the Palos Verdes fault zone changes markedly along strike southeastward across the San Pedro shelf and slope. Under the north part of the shelf, this fault zone includes several strands, with the main strand dipping west. Under the slope, the main fault strands exhibit normal separation and mostly dip east. To the southeast near Lasuen Knoll, the Palos Verdes fault zone locally is low angle, but elsewhere near this knoll, the fault dips steeply. Fresh seafloor scarps near Lasuen Knoll indicate recent fault movement. We explain the observed structural variation along the Palos Verdes fault zone as the result of changes in strike and fault geometry along a master right-lateral strike-slip fault at depth. Complicated movement along this deep fault zone is suggested by the possible wave-cut terraces on Lasuen Knoll, which indicate subaerial exposure during the last sea level lowstand and subsequent subsidence of the knoll. Modeling of aeromagnetic data indicates a large magnetic body under the west part of the San Pedro shelf and upper slope. We interpret this body to be thick basalt of probable Miocene age. This basalt mass appears to have affected the pattern of rock deformation, perhaps because the basalt was more competent during deformation than the sedimentary rocks that encased the basalt. West of the Palos Verdes fault zone, other northwest-striking faults deform the outer shelf and slope. Evidence for recent movement along these faults is equivocal, because we lack age dates on deformed or offset sediment. C1 US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Earth Surface Proc Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Fisher, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Team, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mfisher@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2004 VL 94 IS 2 BP 506 EP 530 DI 10.1785/0120030042 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 817TX UT WOS:000221200900012 ER PT J AU Takada, K Atwater, BF AF Takada, K Atwater, BF TI Evidence for liquefaction identified in peeled slices of holocene deposits along the lower Columbia river, Washington SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 1700 CASCADIA EARTHQUAKE; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; MADRID SEISMIC ZONE; RESISTANCE; FEATURES; STRENGTH; AD AB Peels made from 10 geoslices beneath a riverbank at Washington's Hunting Island, 45 km inland from the Pacific coast, aid in identifying sand that liquefied during prehistoric earthquakes of estimated magnitude 8-9 at the Cascadia subduction zone. Each slice was obtained by driving sheetpile and a shutter plate to depths of 6-8 m. The resulting sample, as long as 8 m, had a trapezoidal cross section 42-55 cm by 8 cm. The slicing created few artifacts other than bending and smearing at slice edges. Each slice is dominated by well-stratified sand and mud deposited by the tidal Columbia River. Nearly 90% of the sand is distinctly laminated. The sand contains mud beds as thick as 0.5 m and at least 20 m long, and it is capped by a mud bed that contains a buried soil that marks the 1700 Cascadia earthquake of estimated magnitude 9. Every slice intersected sills and dikes of fluidized sand, and many slices show folds and faults as well. Sills, which outnumber dikes, mostly follow and locally invade the undersides of mud beds. The mud beds probably impeded diffuse upward flow of water expelled from liquefied sand. Trapped beneath mud beds, this water flowed laterally, destroyed bedding by entraining (fluidizing) sand, and locally scoured the overlying mud. Horizontal zones of folded sand extend at least 10 or 20 m, and some contain low-angle faults. Many of the folds probably formed while sand was weakened by liquefaction. The low-angle faults may mark the soles of river-bottom slumps or lateral spreads. As many as four great Cascadia earthquakes in the past 2000 yr contributed to the intrusions, folds, and faults. This subsurface evidence for fluid escape and deformation casts doubt on maximum accelerations that were previously inferred from local absence of liquefaction features at the ground surface along the Columbia River. The geosliced evidence for liquefaction abounds not only beneath banks riddled with dikes but also beneath banks in which dikes are absent. Such dike-free banks of the Columbia River, if interpreted without study of postdepositional structures in deposits beneath them, provide insufficient basis for setting upper bounds on the strength of shaking from great Cascadia earthquakes. C1 Geol Survey Japan, Act Fault Res Ctr, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Takada, K (reprint author), Fukken Co Ltd, Chiyoda Ku, 8-15 Iwamoto Cho 3, Tokyo 1010032, Japan. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2004 VL 94 IS 2 BP 550 EP 575 DI 10.1785/0120020152 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 817TX UT WOS:000221200900014 ER PT J AU Boore, DM AF Boore, DM TI Estimating (V)over-bar(s)(30) (or NEHRP site classes) from shallow velocity models (Depths < 30 m) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The average velocity to 30 m [(V) over bar (s)(30)] is a widely used parameter for classifying sites to predict their potential to amplify seismic shaking. In many cases, however, models of shallow shear-wave velocities, from which (V) over bar (s),(30) can be computed, do not extend to 30 m. If the data for these cases are to be used, some method of extrapolating the velocities must be devised. Four methods for doing this are described here and are illustrated using data from 135 boreholes in California for which the velocity model extends to at least 30 m. Methods using correlations between shallow velocity and (V) over bar (s)(30) result in significantly less bias for shallow models than the simplest method of assuming that the lowermost velocity extends to 30 m. In addition, for all methods the percent of sites misclassified is generally less than 10% and falls to negligible values for velocity models extending to at least 25 m. Although the methods using correlations do a better job on average of estimating (V) over bar (s),(30), the simplest method will generally result in a lower value of (V) over bar (s)(30) and thus yield a more conservative estimate of ground motion [which generally increases as (V) over bar (s)(30) decreases]. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2004 VL 94 IS 2 BP 591 EP 597 DI 10.1785/0120030105 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 817TX UT WOS:000221200900016 ER PT J AU Lutter, WJ Fuis, GS Ryberg, T Okaya, DA Clayton, RW Davis, PM Prodehl, C Murphy, JM Langenheim, VE Benthien, ML Godfrey, NJ Christensen, NI Thygesen, K Thurber, CH Simila, G Keller, GR AF Lutter, WJ Fuis, GS Ryberg, T Okaya, DA Clayton, RW Davis, PM Prodehl, C Murphy, JM Langenheim, VE Benthien, ML Godfrey, NJ Christensen, NI Thygesen, K Thurber, CH Simila, G Keller, GR TI Upper crustal structure from the Santa Monica Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, Southern California: Tomographic results from the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment, phase II (LARSE II) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKES; LATE CENOZOIC TECTONICS; TRANSVERSE RANGES; VELOCITY; FERNANDO; BASIN; DENSITY; MODEL AB In 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) collected refraction and low-fold reflection data along a 150-km-long corridor extending from the Santa Monica Mountains northward to the Sierra Nevada. This profile was part of the second phase of the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE II). Chief imaging targets included sedimentary basins beneath the San Fernando and Santa Clarita Valleys and the deep structure of major faults along the transect, including causative faults for the 1971 M 6.7 San Fernando and 1994 M 6.7 Northridge earthquakes, the San Gabriel Fault, and the San Andreas Fault. Tomographic modeling of first arrivals using the methods of Hole (1992) and Lutter et al. (1999) produces velocity models that are similar to each other and are well resolved to depths of 5-7.5 km. These models, together with oil-test well data and independent forward modeling of LARSE II refraction data, suggest that regions of relatively low velocity and high velocity gradient in the San Fernando Valley and the northern Santa Clarita Valley (north of the San Gabriel Fault) correspond to Cenozoic sedimentary basin fill and reach maximum depths along the profile of similar to4.3 km and >3 km, respectively. The Antelope Valley, within the western Mojave Desert, is also underlain by low-velocity, high-gradient sedimentary fill to an interpreted maximum depth of similar to2.4 km. Below depths of similar to2 km, velocities of basement rocks in the Santa Monica Mountains and the central Transverse Ranges vary between 5.5 and 6.0 km/sec, but in the Mojave Desert, basement rocks vary in velocity between 5.25 and 6.25 km/sec. The San Andreas Fault separates differing velocity structures of the central Transverse Ranges and Mojave Desert. A weak low-velocity zone is centered approximately on the north-dipping aftershock zone of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and possibly along the deep projection of the San Gabriel Fault. Modeling of gravity data, using densities inferred from the velocity model, indicates that different velocity-density relationships hold for both sedimentary and basement rocks as one crosses the San Andreas Fault. The LARSE II velocity model can now be used to improve the SCEC Community Velocity Model, which is used to calculate seismic amplitudes for large scenario earthquakes. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Univ So Calif, So Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. CALTECH, SCEC, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, SCEC, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Geophys, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Lutter, WJ (reprint author), 1530 Med Sci Ctr,1300 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Davis, Paul/E-7151-2012; Ryberg, Trond/H-4329-2013; OI Ryberg, Trond/0000-0001-7129-5596; Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2004 VL 94 IS 2 BP 619 EP 632 DI 10.1785/0120030058 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 817TX UT WOS:000221200900018 ER PT J AU Schaff, DP Bokelmann, GHR Ellsworth, WL Zanzerkia, E Waldhauser, F Beroza, GC AF Schaff, DP Bokelmann, GHR Ellsworth, WL Zanzerkia, E Waldhauser, F Beroza, GC TI Optimizing correlation techniques for improved earthquake location SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HAYWARD FAULT; CALAVERAS FAULT; CALIFORNIA; ALGORITHM; SEQUENCE; GEOMETRY AB Earthquake location using relative arrival time measurements can lead to dramatically reduced location errors and a view of fault-zone processes with unprecedented detail. There are two principal reasons why this approach reduces location errors. The first is that the use of differenced arrival times to solve for the vector separation of earthquakes removes from the earthquake location problem much of the error due to unmodeled velocity structure. The second reason, on which we focus in this article, is that waveform cross correlation can substantially reduce measurement error. While cross correlation has long been used to determine relative arrival times with subsample precision, we extend correlation measurements to less similar waveforms, and we introduce a general quantitative means to assess when correlation data provide an improvement over catalog phase picks. We apply the technique to local earthquake data from the Calaveras Fault in northern California. Tests for an example streak of 243 earthquakes demonstrate that relative arrival times with normalized cross correlation coefficients as low as similar to70%, interevent separation distances as large as to 2 km, and magnitudes up to 3.5 as recorded on the Northern California Seismic Network are more precise than relative arrival times determined from catalog phase data. Also discussed are improvements made to the correlation technique itself. We find that for large time offsets, our implementation of time-domain cross correlation is often more robust and that it recovers more observations than the cross spectral approach. Longer time windows give better results than shorter ones. Finally, we explain how thresholds and empirical weighting functions may be derived to optimize the location procedure for any given region of interest, taking advantage of the respective strengths of diverse correlation and catalog phase data on different length scales. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Schaff, DP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. OI Bokelmann, Gotz/0000-0001-5677-7677 NR 23 TC 88 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 13 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2004 VL 94 IS 2 BP 705 EP 721 DI 10.1785/0120020238 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 817TX UT WOS:000221200900024 ER PT J AU Mills, TK Andres, BA AF Mills, TK Andres, BA TI Changes in Loon (Gavia spp.) and Red-necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena) populations in the lower Matanuska-Susitna Valley, Alaska SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE common loon; Gavia immer; Pacific Loon; Gavia pacifica; Red-necked Grebe; Podiceps grisegena; breeding ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS AB More than two-thirds of the human population of Alaska resides in the south-central portion of the state, where its continued growth is likely to affect some wildlife populations negatively. To assess changes in waterbird populations in this region, we compared counts of Common Loons (Gavia immer), Pacific Loons (G. pacifica), and Red-necked Grebes (Podiceps grisegena) made on Matanuska-Susitina Valley lakes. In general, the number of lakes occupied by loon or grebe pairs decreased between 1987 and 1999. Decreases in the number of lakes occupied by Common Loons were less drastic in the northwest region of the study area than in the southeast region; human development is greater in the southeastern portion of our study area. Contrary to lake occupancy, the percentage of lakes that fledged Common Loon chicks remained stable between years. Because the human population is expected to continue to grow, proactive management of lake use and lakeshore development, coupled with monitoring of loon and grebe occupancy and productivity, is needed to ensure the persistence of these waterbird populations in the lower Matanuska-Susitna Valley. C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Nongame Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Andres, BA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, DFC Parfet, POB 25486, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 118 IS 2 BP 210 EP 214 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 927NL UT WOS:000229200500010 ER PT J AU Smith, TS Partridge, ST Schoen, JW AF Smith, TS Partridge, ST Schoen, JW TI Interactions of Brown Bears, Ursus arctos, and Gray Wolves, Canis lupus, at Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Brown Bear; Ursus arctos; Gray Wolf; Canis lupus; interactions; Katmai National Park and Preserve; Alaska ID WOLF AB We describe several encounters between Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) and Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) that were observed at Katmai National Park and Preserve in southwest Alaska. Katmai Brown Bears and Gray Wolves were observed interacting in a variety of behavioral modes that ranged from agonistic to tolerant. These observations provide additional insight regarding the behavioral plasticity associated with bear-wolf interactions. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Natl Audubon Soc, Alaska Off, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Smith, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 118 IS 2 BP 247 EP 250 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 927NL UT WOS:000229200500017 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP O'Connor, DV Chernyak, SM Rediske, RR O'Keefe, JP AF Madenjian, CP O'Connor, DV Chernyak, SM Rediske, RR O'Keefe, JP TI Evaluation of a chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) bioenergetics model SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAKE-MICHIGAN; LABORATORY EVALUATION; TROUT; BASS; FISH; PREY AB We evaluated the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in both the laboratory and the field. Chinook salmon in laboratory tanks were fed alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), the predominant food of chinook salmon in Lake Michigan. Food consumption and growth by chinook salmon during the experiment were measured. To estimate the efficiency with which chinook salmon retain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from their food in the laboratory, PCB concentrations of the alewife and of the chinook salmon at both the beginning and end of the experiment were determined. Based on our laboratory evaluation, the bioenergetics model was furnishing unbiased estimates of food consumption by chinook salmon. Additionally, from the laboratory experiment, we calculated that chinook salmon retained 75% of the PCBs contained within their food. In an earlier study, assimilation rate of PCBs to chinook salmon from their food in Lake Michigan was estimated at 53%, thereby suggesting that the model was substantially overestimating food consumption by chinook salmon in Lake Michigan. However, we concluded that field performance of the model could not be accurately assessed because PCB assimilation efficiency is dependent on feeding rate, and feeding rate of chinook salmon was likely much lower in our laboratory tanks than in Lake Michigan. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Lake Michigan Ctr 202, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM chuck_madenjian@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 61 IS 4 BP 627 EP 635 DI 10.1139/F04-033 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 829CA UT WOS:000222019600013 ER PT J AU Anderson, CD Roby, DD Collis, K AF Anderson, CD Roby, DD Collis, K TI Foraging patterns of male and female Double-crested Cormorants nesting in the Columbia River estuary SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID PHALACROCORAX-CARBO-SINENSIS; JAPANESE CORMORANTS; PREY AVAILABILITY; BEHAVIOR; SEABIRD; SEX; CALIFORNIA; COLONY; SHAGS; FOOD AB The nesting colony of Double-crested Cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus (Lesson, 1831), on East Sand Island in the Columbia River estuary is currently the largest for this species on the Pacific Coast of North America. We used radiotelemetry to investigate the spatial and temporal foraging patterns of nesting cormorants to better understand how this colony of piscivores meets its resource needs. We determined that nesting adults tended to forage >5 km from the colony and foraging distribution was distinctly different between the sexes. On average, males commuted nearly twice the distance to forage compared with females. Females typically foraged in the estuarine mixing zone, reportedly the region of the estuary with the greatest densities of schooling fishes, while males tended to commute more than 15 km to forage in the freshwater zone. Foraging intensity of both sexes varied by time of day, tide stage, and tide series; foraging generally intensified during ebb tides. These gender differences in foraging patterns, combined with the ability to forage at considerable distance from the colony on a wide variety of prey, may allow this large and growing colony to remain productive while potentially competing for food with many thousands of other piscivorous waterbirds that use East Sand Island. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97701 USA. RP Anderson, CD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM futurecormies@yahoo.ca NR 64 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD APR PY 2004 VL 82 IS 4 BP 541 EP 554 DI 10.1139/Z04-019 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 833PH UT WOS:000222349900002 ER PT J AU Maxwell, SK Nuckols, JR Ward, MH Hoffer, RM AF Maxwell, SK Nuckols, JR Ward, MH Hoffer, RM TI An automated approach to mapping corn from Landsat imagery SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE satellite remote sensing; geospatial technology; crop mapping; corn ID AREA ESTIMATION; MSS DATA; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; CROPS AB Most land cover maps generated from Landsat imagery involve classification of a wide variety of land cover types, whereas some studies may only need spatial information on a single cover type. For example, we required a map of corn in order to estimate exposure to agricultural chemicals for an environmental epidemiology study. Traditional classification techniques, which require the collection and processing of costly ground reference data, were not feasible for our application because of the large number of images to be analyzed. We present a new method that has the potential to automate the classification of corn from Landsat satellite imagery, resulting in a more timely product for applications covering large geographical regions. Our approach uses readily available agricultural area estimates to enable automation of the classification process resulting in a map identifying land cover as 'highly likely corn,' 'likely corn' or 'unlikely corn.' To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we produced a map consisting of the three corn likelihood classes using a Landsat image in south central Nebraska. Overall classification accuracy of the map was 92.2% when compared to ground reference data. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observ Syst Data Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Maxwell, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observ Syst Data Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM maxwell@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD APR PY 2004 VL 43 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2003.09.001 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 806PF UT WOS:000220445100003 ER PT J AU Kery, M AF Kery, M TI Extinction rate. estimates for plant populations in revisitation studies: Importance of detectability SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological monitoring; capture-recapture models; demography; delectability; extinction rate; plant census; revisitation study ID MARK-RECAPTURE MODELS; LOCAL EXTINCTIONS; SURVIVAL; SIZE; PROBABILITIES; DORMANCY; REMNANTS; ANIMALS; ORCHID AB Many researchers have obtained extinction-rate estimates for Plant populations by comparing historical and current records of occurrence. A population that is no longer found is assumed to have gone extinct Extinction can then be related to characteristics of these populations, such as habitat type, size, or species, to test ideas about what factors may affect extinction. Such studies neglect the fact that a population may be overlooked, however, which may bias estimates of extinction rates upward. In addition, if populations are unequally detectable across groups to be compared, such as habitat type or population size, comparisons become distorted to an unknown degree. To illustrate the problem, I simulated two data sets, assuming a constant extinction rate, in which populations occurred in different habitats or habitats of different size and these factors affected their detectability. The conventional analysis implicitly assumed that detectability equalled I and used logistic regression to estimate extinction rates. It wrongly identified habitat and population size as factors affecting extinction risk. In contrast, with capture-recapture methods, unbiased estimates of extinction rates were recovered. I argue that capture-recapture methods should be considered more often in estimations of demographic parameters. in plant populations and communities. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kery, M (reprint author), Schweiz Vogelwarte, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. NR 21 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 570 EP 574 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00105.x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 808KF UT WOS:000220567300034 ER PT J AU Brock, JC Wright, CW Clayton, TD Nayegandhi, A AF Brock, JC Wright, CW Clayton, TD Nayegandhi, A TI LIDAR optical rugosity of coral reefs in Biscayne National Park, Florida SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE aircraft remote sensing; LIDAR; rugosity; monitoring; Florida Keys ID HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; COMMUNITIES; FORESTS; GROWTH; DEPTH; USA AB The NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), a temporal waveform-resolving, airborne, green wavelength LIDAR (light detection and ranging), is designed to measure the submeter-scale topography of shallow reef substrates. Topographic variability is a prime component of habitat complexity, an ecological factor that both expresses and controls the abundance and distribution of many reef organisms. Following the acquisition of EAARL coverage over both mid-platform patch reefs and shelf-margin bank reefs within Biscayne National Park in August 2002, EAARL-based optical indices of topographic variability were evaluated at 15 patch reef and bank reef sites. Several sites were selected to match reefs previously evaluated in situ along underwater video and belt transects. The analysis used large populations of submarine topographic transects derived from the examination of closely spaced laser spot reflections along LIDAR raster scans. At all 15 sites, each LIDAR transect was evaluated separately to determine optical rugosity (Ro(tran)), and the average elevation difference between adjacent points (Av(deltaE(ap))). Further, the whole-site mean and maximum values of Ro(tran) and Av(deltaE(ap)) for the entire population of transects at each analysis site, along with their standard deviations, were calculated. This study revealed that the greater habitat complexity of inshore patch reefs versus outer bank reefs results in relative differences in topographic complexity that can be discerned in the laser returns. Accordingly, LIDAR sensing of optical rugosity is proposed as a complementary new technique for the rapid assessment of shallow coral reefs. C1 USGS Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Brock, JC (reprint author), USGS Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jbrock@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD APR PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 48 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s00338-003-0365-7 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 813WM UT WOS:000220937200006 ER PT J AU Edwards, TC Cutler, DR Geiser, L Alegria, J McKenzie, D AF Edwards, TC Cutler, DR Geiser, L Alegria, J McKenzie, D TI Assessing rarity of species with low detectability: Lichens in Pacific Northwest forests SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE inventory estimation; lichens; Northwest Forest Plan; old-growth forests; sample designs; species rarity ID DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST; NATURAL-RESOURCES; POWER ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; DESIGN; DIVERSITY; BIOMASS; PERSPECTIVES; COMMUNITIES AB We show how simple statistical analyses of systematically collected inventory data can be used to provide reliable information about the distribution and habitat associations of rare species. Using an existing design-based sampling grid on which epiphytic macrolichens had been inventoried in the Northwest Forest Plan area of the U.S. Pacific Northwest, we (1) estimate frequencies and standard errors for each of 25 lichen species having special management designation (i.e., Survey and Manage), (2) assess the probability that individual. species were associated with specific land allocation and forest stand age classifications, and (3) provide estimates of sample sizes necessary to ensure sufficient detections for these analyses. We conclude with a discussion of management and conservation information needs that extant data can satisfy and identify advantages and limitations of random vs. nonrandom sampling strategies. Combining design-assisted and model-assisted approaches can overcome some of the limitations of either single strategy. C1 Utah State Univ, USGS, Biol Resources Div, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. BLM, Oregon State Off, Portland, OR 97204 USA. US EPA, ORD Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Edwards, TC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USGS, Biol Resources Div, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tce@nr.usu.edu NR 49 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 414 EP 424 DI 10.1890/02-5236 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 805UZ UT WOS:000220392500009 ER PT J AU Pausas, JG Bradstock, RA Keith, DA Keeley, JE AF Pausas, JG Bradstock, RA Keith, DA Keeley, JE CA GCTE Fire Network TI Plant functional traits in relation to fire in crown-fire ecosystems SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE fire-prone ecosystems; forest fires; Mediterranean type ecosystems; plant functional types; plant traits; regeneration; resprouting seeding; wildfires ID CANOPY SEED STORAGE; EASTERN IBERIAN PENINSULA; CAPE FLORISTIC REGION; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; TREE LIFE-HISTORY; WOODY-PLANTS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEMS; ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE; PRONE ENVIRONMENTS AB Disturbance is a dominant factor in many ecosystems, and the disturbance regime is likely to change over the next decades in response to land-use changes and global warming. We assume that predictions of vegetation dynamics can be made on the basis of a set of life-history traits that characterize the response of a species to disturbance. For crown-fire ecosystems, the main plant traits related to postfire persistence are the ability to resprout (persistence of individuals) and the ability to retain a persistent seed bank (persistence of populations). In this context, we asked (1) to what extent do different life-history traits co-occur with the ability to resprout and/or the ability to retain a persistent seed bank among differing ecosystems and (2) to what extent do combinations of fire-related traits (fire syndromes) change in a fire regime gradient? We explored these questions by reviewing the literature and analyzing databases compiled from different crown-fire ecosystems (mainly eastern Australia, California, and the Mediterranean basin). The review suggests that the pattern of correlation between the two basic postfire persistent traits and other plant traits varies between continents and ecosystems. From these results we predict, for instance, that not all resprouters respond in a similar way everywhere because the associated plant traits of resprouter species vary in different places. Thus, attempts to generalize predictions on the basis of the resprouting capacity may have limited power at a global scale. An example is presented for Australian heathlands. Considering the combination of persistence at individual (resprouting) and at population (seed bank) level, the predictive power at local scale was significantly increased. C1 Ctr Estudios Ambientales Mediterraneo, Valencia 46980, Spain. NSW Natl Pk & Wildlife Serv, Biodivers Survey & Res Div, Hurstville, NSW 2220, Australia. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Organism Biol Ecol & Evolut, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Pausas, JG (reprint author), Ctr Estudios Ambientales Mediterraneo, Charles R Darwin 14,Parc Tecnol, Valencia 46980, Spain. EM juli@ceam.es RI Pausas, Juli/C-5794-2008; OI Pausas, Juli/0000-0003-3533-5786; Lloret, Francisco/0000-0002-9836-4069 NR 120 TC 291 Z9 302 U1 19 U2 128 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2004 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1085 EP 1100 DI 10.1890/02-4094 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811IW UT WOS:000220766600019 ER PT J AU Cleveland, CC Neff, JC Townsend, AR Hood, E AF Cleveland, CC Neff, JC Townsend, AR Hood, E TI Composition, dynamics, and fate of leached dissolved organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems: Results from a decomposition experiment SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic matter (DOM); dissolved organic carbon (DOC); decomposition; isotopic fractionation; humic substances; leaf litter; carbon-isotope ratio ID GROUND CARBON-CYCLE; SOIL SOLUTION; STREAM WATER; FOREST SOIL; ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; LEAF-LITTER; BIODEGRADABILITY; NUTRIENTS; PATTERNS; SORPTION AB Fluxes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are an important vector for the movement of carbon (C) and nutrients both within and between ecosystems. However, although DOM fluxes from throughfall and through litterfall can be large, little is known about the fate of DOM leached from plant canopies, or from the litter layer into the soil horizon. in this study, our objectives were to determine the importance of plant-litter leachate as a vehicle for DOM movement, and to track DOM decomposition [including dissolve organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) fractions], as well as DOM chemical and isotopic dynamics, during a long-term laboratory incubation experiment using fresh leaves and litter from several ecosystem types. The water-extractable fraction of organic C was high for all five plant species, as was the biodegradable fraction; in most cases, more than 70% of the initial DOM was decomposed in the first 10 days of the experiment. The chemical composition of the DOM changed as decomposition proceeded, with humic (hydrophobic) fractions becoming relatively more abundant than nonhumic (hydrophilic) fractions over time. However, in spite of proportional changes in humic and nonhumic fractions over time, our data suggest that both fractions are readily decomposed in the absence of physicochemical reactions with soil surfaces. Our data also showed no changes in the delta(13)C signature of DOM during decomposition, suggesting that isotopic fractionation during DOM uptake is not a significant process. These results suggest that soil microorganisms preferentially decompose more labile organic molecules in the DOM pool, which also tend to be isotopically heavier than more recalcitrant DOM fractions. We believe that the interaction between DOM decomposition dynamics and soil sorption processes contribute to the 813 C enrichment of soil organic matter commonly observed with depth in soil profiles. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Earth Surface Proc Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Environm Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Cleveland, CC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cory.cleveland@colorado.edu RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 NR 48 TC 108 Z9 118 U1 11 U2 130 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2004 VL 7 IS 3 BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s10021-003-0236-7 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825NQ UT WOS:000221765600005 ER PT J AU Madison, M AF Madison, M TI Where land & water meet: A western landscape transformed. SO ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Natl Conservat Training Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Madison, M (reprint author), Natl Conservat Training Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY PI DURHAM PA 701 VICKERS AVE, DURHAM, NC 27701-3147 USA SN 1084-5453 J9 ENVIRON HIST JI Environ. Hist. PD APR PY 2004 VL 9 IS 2 BP 314 EP 315 DI 10.2307/3986093 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; History SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA 822CT UT WOS:000221513100011 ER PT J AU Weiss, JM McKay, AJ DeRito, C Watanabe, C Thorn, KA Madsen, EL AF Weiss, JM McKay, AJ DeRito, C Watanabe, C Thorn, KA Madsen, EL TI Development and application of pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of bound trinitrotoluene residues in soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID N-15 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; COVALENT BINDING; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE TNT; MASS SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC-MATTER; REDUCTION; BIOREMEDIATION; DEGRADATION; METABOLITES; AMINES AB TNT (trinitrotoluene) is a contaminant of global environmental significance, yet determining its environmental fate has posed longstanding challenges. To date, only differential extraction-based approaches have been able to determine the presence of covalently bound, reduced forms of TNT in field soils. Here, we employed thermal elution, pyrolysis, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to distinguish between covalently bound and noncovalently bound reduced forms of TNT in soil. Model soil organic matterbased matrixes were used to develop an assay in which noncovalently bound (monomeric) aminodinitrotoluene (ADNT) and diaminonitrotoluene (DANT) were desorbed from the matrix and analyzed at a lower temperature than covalently bound forms of these same compounds. A thermal desorption technique, evolved gas analysis, was initially employed to differentiate between covalently bound and added N-15-labeled monomeric compounds. A refined thermal elution procedure, termed "double-shot analysis" (DSA), allowed a sample to be sequentially analyzed in two phases. In phase 1, all of an added 15N-labeled monomeric contaminant was eluted from the sample at relatively low temperature. In phase 2 during high-temperature pyrolysis, the remaining covalently bound contaminants were detected. DSA analysis of soil from the Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant (LAAP; similar to5000 ppm TNT) revealed the presence of DANT, ADNT, and TNT. After scrutinizing the DSA data and comparing them to results from solvent-extracted and base/acid-hydrolyzed LAAP soil, we concluded that the TNT was a noncovalently bound "carryover" from phase 1. Thus, the pyrolysis-GC/MS technique successfully defined covalently bound pools of ADNT and DANT in the field soil sample. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Frontier Labs Ltd, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Madsen, EL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM elm3@cornell.edu NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 7 BP 2167 EP 2174 DI 10.1021/es034911v PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 808OG UT WOS:000220577800046 PM 15112821 ER PT J AU Keefe, SH Barber, LB Runkel, RL Ryan, JN AF Keefe, SH Barber, LB Runkel, RL Ryan, JN TI Fate of volatile organic compounds in constructed wastewater treatment wetlands SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; TRANSIENT STORAGE; MINE DRAINAGE; CHLORINATION; EVAPORATION; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; DESIGN; STREAM; RIVER AB The fate of volatile organic compounds was evaluated in a wastewater-dependent constructed wetland near Phoenix, AZ, using field measurements and solute transport modeling. Numerically based volatilization rates were determined using inverse modeling techniques and hydraulic parameters established by sodium bromide tracer experiments. Theoretical volatilization rates were calculated from the two-film method incorporating physicochemical properties and environmental conditions. Additional analyses were conducted using graphically determined volatilization rates based on field measurements. Transport (with first-order removal) simulations were performed using a range of volatilization rates and were evaluated with respect to field concentrations. The inverse and two-film reactive transport simulations demonstrated excellent agreement with measured concentrations for 1,4-dichlorobenzene, tetrachloroethene, dichloromethane, and trichloromethane and fair agreement for dibromochloromethane, bromodichloromethane, and toluene. Wetland removal efficiencies from inlet to outlet ranged from 63% to 87% for target compounds. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Barber, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Room E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbbarber@usgs.gov RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012 NR 49 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 7 BP 2209 EP 2216 DI 10.1021/es034661i PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 808OG UT WOS:000220577800051 PM 15112826 ER PT J AU Thorn, KA Thorne, PG Cox, LG AF Thorn, KA Thorne, PG Cox, LG TI Alkaline hydrolysis/polymerization of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene: Characterization of products by C-13 and N-15 NMR SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY CONTAMINATED SOILS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; COVALENT BINDING; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROLYSIS; KINETICS; TNT; METHYLATION; FRACTIONS AB Alkaline hydrolysis has been investigated as a nonbiological procedure for the destruction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in explosives contaminated soils and munitions scrap. Nucleophilic substitutions of the nitro and methyl groups of TNT by hydroxide ion are the initial steps in the alkaline degradation of TNT. Potential applications of the technique include both in situ surface liming and ex situ alkaline treatment of contaminated soils. A number of laboratory studies have reported the formation of an uncharacterized polymeric material upon prolonged treatment of TNT in base. As part of an overall assessment of alkaline hydrolysis as a remediation technique, and to gain a better understanding of the chemical reactions underlying the hydrolysis/polymerization process, the soluble and precipitate fractions of polymeric material produced from the calcium hydroxide hydrolysis of unlabeled and N-15-labeled TNT were analyzed by elemental analysis and C-13 and N-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Spectra indicated that reactions leading to polymerization included nucleophilic displacement of nitro groups by hydroxide ion, formation of ketone, carboxyl, alcohol, ether, and other aliphatic carbons, conversion of methyl groups to diphenyl methylene carbons, and recondensation of aromatic amines and reduced forms of nitrite, including ammonia and possibly hydroxylamine, into the polymer. Compared to the distribution of carbons in TNT as 14% Sp(3)- and 86% Sp(2)-hybridized, the precipitate fraction from hydrolysis of unlabeled TNT contained 33% Sp(3)- and 67% Sp(2)-hybridized carbons. The concentration of nitrogen in the precipitate was 64% of that in TNT. The N-15 NMR spectra showed that, in addition to residual nitro groups, forms of nitrogen present in the filtrate and precipitate fractions include aminohydroquinone, primary amide, indole, imine, and azoxy, among others. Unreacted nitrite was recovered in the filtrate fraction. The toxicities and susceptibilities to microbial or chemical degradation of the polymeric materials remain unknown. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Appl Res Associates, S Royalton, VT 05068 USA. RP Thorn, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kathorn@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 7 BP 2224 EP 2231 DI 10.1021/es030655a PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 808OG UT WOS:000220577800053 PM 15112828 ER PT J AU Oremland, RS Stolz, JF Hollibaugh, JT AF Oremland, RS Stolz, JF Hollibaugh, JT TI The microbial arsenic cycle in Mono Lake, California SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE anaerobic bacteria; arsenic; alkaline lakes; dissimilatory reduction; chemoautolithotrophs ID SHALLOW GROUND-WATER; DESULFOTOMACULUM-AURIPIGMENTUM; DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY; PROKARYOTIC DIVERSITY; ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; SALINE LAKE; SODA LAKE; BACTERIA; SPECIATION AB Significant concentrations of dissolved inorganic arsenic can be found in the waters of a number of lakes located in the western USA and in other water bodies around the world. These lakes are often situated in arid, volcanic terrain. The highest concentrations of arsenic occur in hypersaline, closed basin soda lakes and their remnant brines. Although arsenic is a well-known toxicant to eukaryotes and prokaryotes alike, some prokaryotes have evolved biochemical mechanisms to exploit arsenic oxyanions (i.e., arsenate and arsenite); they can use them either as an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration (arsenate), or as an electron donor (arsenite) to support chemoautotrophic fixation of CO2 into cell carbon. Unlike in freshwater or marine ecosystems, these processes may assume quantitative significance with respect to the carbon cycle in arsenic-rich soda lakes. For the past several years our research has focused on the occurrence and biogeochemical manifestations of these processes in Mono Lake, a particularly arsenic-rich environment. Herein we review some of our findings concerning the biogeochemical arsenic cycle in this lake, with the hope that it may broaden the understanding of the influence of microorganisms upon the speciation of arsenic; in more common, less "extreme" environments, such as drinking water aquifers. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 480,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010 NR 96 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 6 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.femsec.2003.12.016 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 811LM UT WOS:000220773400002 PM 19712427 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Pember, KR Guy, CS Stephen, JL AF Quist, MC Pember, KR Guy, CS Stephen, JL TI Variation in larval fish communities: implications for management and sampling designs in reservoir systems SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diversity; Kansas; larval fish; reservoirs; spatial and temporal variation ID PERCA-FLUVIATILIS L; GIZZARD SHAD; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; TENNESSEE RESERVOIR; MISSOURI RIVER; THREADFIN SHAD; STRIPED BASS; ONEIDA LAKE; NEW-YORK; ZOOPLANKTON AB Understanding spatial and temporal patterns in larval fish distributions is important for investigating factors related to recruitment variability and for developing sampling methodologies. Variation in species diversity (Shannon index) and density (number 100 m(-3)) of larval fishes from nearshore and pelagic habitats in Glen Elder Reservoir, KS, USA, was assessed during 1999 and 2000. Species diversity and densities of individual taxa were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in nearshore habitats than pelagic habitats during both years. Larval fish densities were generally higher in the year 1999 with higher spring water levels. Gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur) was the most abundant taxon in nearshore and pelagic habitats during both years. In addition, larval gizzard shad was sampled for the longest duration in the upper water column and overlapped with all taxa collected. High densities of gizzard shad in both habitats suggested that the potential for competitive interactions was high, especially given the lack of aquatic vegetation and habitat heterogeneity in littoral habitats. Most of the variation in larval fish diversity and density was because of temporal variation. If sampling effort must be limited and the purpose of sampling is to monitor larval diversity or density, attention should focus on sampling the same location over long time periods rather than across a variety of sampling locations. C1 Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Emporia, KS USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM mcquist@uwyo.edu NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00381.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 801AW UT WOS:000220069800006 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Guy, CS Bernot, RJ Stephen, JL AF Quist, MC Guy, CS Bernot, RJ Stephen, JL TI Factors related growth and survival of larval walleyes: implications for recruitment in a southern Great Plains reservoir SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE walleye; larvae; growth; survival; recruitment; reservoir; Kansas ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; ONEIDA LAKE; NEW-YORK; GIZZARD SHAD; ZOOPLANKTON; SIZE; REQUIREMENTS; PLANKTIVORE; MANAGEMENT; PREDATION AB Larval fishes, limnological characteristics, and zooplankton populations were sampled from Glen Elder Reservoir, Kansas, during 1999-2001 to determine factors associated with growth and survival of larval walleyes (StizoStedion vitreum). Ichthyoplankton populations were sampled weekly from April to June during all years using paired conical nets. Water temperature and zooplankton populations were sampled at each ichthyoplankton sampling site. Approximately, 70% of all larval fishes and 80% of the larval walleyes were sampled in the upper reservoir during all years. Cyprinidae and Centrarchidae were the only taxa that were more abundant in the main reservoir than the upper reservoir. Despite similarities in zooplankton abundance between years, recruitment of walleyes in 1999 was the lowest in nearly 20 years, while moderate year classes were produced in 2000 and 2001. During 1999, low, variable spring temperatures resulted in poor growth of larval walleyes. Poor growth of walleyes, coupled with high densities of larval gizzard shad (Dorosoma ccpedianum), resulted in poor recruitment during 1999. Walleyes grew faster in 2000 and 2001 and were able to consume larval gizzard shad resulting in moderate recruitment. These results suggest that abiotic conditions mediate biotic interactions and that both abiotic and biotic characteristics are important for regulating walleye recruitment dynamics. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas Dept Wildlife & Parks, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM mcquist@uwyo.edu NR 49 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 67 IS 2 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2003.09.042 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 810EC UT WOS:000220686600011 ER PT J AU Waite, IR Herlihy, AT Larsen, DP Urquhart, NS Klemm, DJ AF Waite, IR Herlihy, AT Larsen, DP Urquhart, NS Klemm, DJ TI The effects of macroinvertebrate taxonomic resolution in large landscape bioassessments: an example from the Mid-Atlantic Highlands, USA SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioassessment; macroinvertebrates; Mid-Atlantic; multivariate; richness; streams; taxonomic resolution ID RUNNING-WATER SITES; STREAM CHEMISTRY; GREAT-BRITAIN; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITIES; CLASSIFICATION; LEVEL; QUANTIFICATION; ASSEMBLAGES; PREDICTION AB 1. During late spring 1993-1995, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) sampled 490 wadeable streams in the mid-Atlantic Highlands (MAH) of the U.S. for a variety of physical, chemical and biological indicators of environmental condition. We used the resulting data set to evaluate the importance of differing levels of macroinvertebrate taxonomic resolution in bioassessments by comparing the ability of family versus genus to detect differences among sites classified by type and magnitude of human impact and by stream size. We divided the MAH into two physiographic regions: the Appalachian Plateau where mine drainage (MD) and acidic deposition are major stressors, and the Ridge and Valley where nutrient enrichment is a major stressor. Stream sites were classified into three or four impact classes based on water chemistry and habitat. We used stream order (first to third Strahler order) in each region as a measure of stream size. Ordination, 2 x 2 chi-square and biotic metrics were used to compare the ability of family and genus to detect differences among both stressor and size classes. 2. With one notable exception, there were only a small number of different genera per family (interquartile range = 1-4). Family Chironomidae, however, contained 123 different genera. As a result, significant information loss occurred when this group was only classified to family. The family Chironomidae did not discriminate among the predefined classes but many chironomid genera did: by chi-square analysis, 10 and 28 chironomid genera were significant in discriminating MD and nutrient impacts, respectively. 3. Family and genus data were similar in their ability to distinguish among the coarse impacts (e.g. most severe versus least severe impact classes) for all cases. Though genus data in many cases distinguished the subtler differences (e.g. mixed/moderate impacts versus high or low impacts) better than family, differences in significance levels between family and genus analyses were relatively minor. However, genus data detected differences among stream orders in ordination analyses that were not revealed at the family level. In the ordinations, both family and genus levels of analysis responded to similar suites of environmental variables. 4. Our results suggest that identification to the family level is sufficient for many bioassessment purposes. However, identifications to genus do provide more information in genera-rich families like Chironomidae. Genus or finer levels of identification are important for investigating natural history, stream ecology, biodiversity and indicator species. Decisions about the taxonomic level of identification need to be study specific and depend on available resources (cost) and study objectives. C1 US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97216 USA. Oregon State Univ, US EPA, NHEERL, WED,Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US EPA, NERL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Waite, IR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10615 SE Cherry Blossom Dr, Portland, OR 97216 USA. EM iwaite@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 474 EP 489 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01197.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 804AW UT WOS:000220272600010 ER PT J AU Yada, T Misumi, I Muto, K Azuma, T Schreck, CB AF Yada, T Misumi, I Muto, K Azuma, T Schreck, CB TI Effects of prolactin and growth hormone on proliferation and survival of cultured trout leucocytes SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; cortisol; growth hormone; immunity; leucocyte; prolactin; proliferation; trout ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; CYPRINUS-CARPIO L; RAINBOW-TROUT; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS; COHO SALMON; IN-VITRO; HEMATOPOIETIC-CELLS; IMMUNE FUNCTIONS; CHANNEL CATFISH; COMMON CARP AB The in vitro effects of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) on the proliferation and survival of leucocytes isolated from the blood of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined, with special reference to the immumosuppression by cortisol. Both PRL and GH induced a mitogenic effect in trout leucocytes. Contrary, the frequencies of annexin V-positive apoptotic cells and propidium iodide-positive dead cells were decreased by the administration of PRL, but were uninfluenced by GH. Administration of cortisol suppressed the mitotic activity and induced cell death of leucocytes. PRL inhibited the decrease in mitosis and the increase in cell death due to cortisol. GH significantly assisted recovery of cortisol-suppressed mitosis but did not influence the survival of leucocytes. These results suggest that PRL and GH are involved in the maintenance of specific immune functions in fish through a prevention of immunosuppression by cortisol. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Res Inst Aquaculture, Nikko Branch, Nikko, Tochigi 3211661, Japan. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Yada, T (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Aquaculture, Nikko Branch, Nikko, Tochigi 3211661, Japan. EM yadat@fra.affrc.go.jp NR 49 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 136 IS 2 BP 298 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.01.003 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 806ZZ UT WOS:000220473100019 PM 15028535 ER PT J AU Paces, JB Neymark, LA Wooden, JL Persing, HM AF Paces, JB Neymark, LA Wooden, JL Persing, HM TI Improved spatial resolution for U-series dating of opal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, using ion-microprobe and microdigestion methods SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE EVIDENCE; NUCLEAR-WASTE SITE; UNSATURATED-ZONE; SECONDARY CALCITE; VALLEY CALDERA; DEVILS-HOLE; GREAT-BASIN; HALF-LIVES; SILICA; DEPOSITS AB Two novel methods of in situ isotope analysis, ion microprobe and microdigestion, were used for Th-230/U and U-234/U-238 dating of finely laminated opal hemispheres formed in unsaturated felsic tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, proposed site for a high-level radioactive waste repository. Both methods allow analysis of layers as many as several orders of magnitude thinner than standard methods using total hemisphere digestion that were reported previously. Average growth rates calculated from data at this improved spatial resolution verified that opal grew at extremely slow rates over the last million years. Growth rates of 0.58 and 0.69 mm/m.y. were obtained for the outer 305 and 740 mum of two opal hemispheres analyzed by ion microprobe, and 0.68 mm/m.y. for the outer 22 mum of one of these same hemispheres analyzed by sequential microdigestion. These Pleistocene growth rates are 2 to 10 times slower than those calculated for older secondary calcite and silica mineral coatings deposited over the last 5 to 10 m.y. dated by the U-Pb method and may reflect differences between Miocene and Pleistocene seepage flux. The microdigestion data also imply that opal growth rates may have varied over the last 40 k.y. These data are the first indication that growth rates and associated seepage in the proposed repository horizon may correlate with changes in late Pleistocene climate, involving faster growth during wetter, cooler climates (glacial maximum), slower growth during transition climates, and no growth during the most and climate (modern). Data collected at this refined spatial scale may lead to a better understanding of the hydrologic variability expected within the thick unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain over the time scale of interest for radioactive waste isolation. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, SM Stoller Corp, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Varian Semicond Equipment Associates, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP Paces, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, SM Stoller Corp, Box 25046,MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jbpaces@usgs.gov NR 66 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD APR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1591 EP 1606 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.022 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 806ZD UT WOS:000220470900011 ER PT J AU Komatsu, G Dohm, JM Hare, TM AF Komatsu, G Dohm, JM Hare, TM TI Hydrogeologic processes of large-scale tectonomagmatic complexes in Mongolia-southern Siberia and on Mars SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mongolia; Mars; Tharsis; ice; floods; plumes ID LATE PLEISTOCENE; ALTAY MOUNTAINS; ICE; LITHOSPHERE; DEPOSITS; REGION; OCEANS; LAKES AB Large-scale tectonomagmatic complexes are common on Earth and Mars. Many of these complexes are created or at least influenced by mantle processes, including a wide array of plume types ranging from superplumes to mantle plumes. Among the most prominent complexes, the Mongolian plateau on Earth and the Tharsis bulge on Mars share remarkable similarities in terms of large domal uplifted areas, great rift canyon systems, and widespread volcanism on their surfaces. Water has also played an important role in the development of the two complexes. In general, atmospheric and surface water play a bigger role in the development of the present-day Mongolian plateau than for the Tharsis bulge, as evidenced by highly developed drainages and thick accumulation of sediments in the basins of the Baikal rift system. On the Tharsis bulge, however, water appears to have remained as ground ice except during periods of elevated magmatic activity. Glacial and periglacial processes are well documented for the Mongolian plateau and are also reported for parts of the Tharsis bulge. Ice-magma interactions, which are represented by the formation of subice volcanoes in parts of the Mongolian plateau region, have been reported for the Valles Marineris region of Mars. The complexes are also characterized by cataclysmic floods, but their triggering mechanism may differ: mainly ice-dam failures for the Mongolian plateau and outburst of groundwater for the Tharsis bulge, probably by magma-ice interactions, although ice-dam failures within the Valles Marineris region cannot be ruled out as a possible contributor. Comparative studies of the Mongolian plateau and Tharsis bulge provide excellent opportunities for understanding surface manifestations of plume-driven processes on terrestrial planets and how they interact with hydro-cryospheres. C1 Univ Annunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Komatsu, G (reprint author), Univ Annunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, Viale Pindaro 42, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. RI Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; Komatsu, Goro/I-7822-2012; OI Komatsu, Goro/0000-0003-4155-108X; Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X NR 41 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 325 EP 328 DI 10.1130/G20237.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 808FB UT WOS:000220553900014 ER PT J AU Sommerfield, CK Lee, HJ AF Sommerfield, CK Lee, HJ TI Across-shelf sediment transport since the Last Glacial Maximum, southern California margin SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE continental-margin sedimentation; base level; Last Glacial Maximum; California; Santa Monica Bay ID SAN-PEDRO BASINS; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LOS-ANGELES; MONICA; ACCUMULATION; CIRCULATION; SYSTEMS AB Correlation of continental shelf-slope stratigraphy in Santa Monica Bay (southern California) with Ocean Drilling Program records for nearby slope-basin sites has illuminated the timing and scale of terrigenous sediment dispersal on margin since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Marine flooding surfaces preserved in a transgressive sequence on the Santa Monica Shelf provide a key link between base-level elevation and sediment transport across shelf. Sediment-accumulation rates at slope-basin sites were maximal ca. 15-10 ka, well after the LGM, decreased during the 12-9 ka transition from fluvial-estuarine to fully marine conditions on the shelf, and decelerated throughout the Holocene to 30%-75% of their values at the LGM. The deceleration is interpreted to manifest a landward shift in the margin depocenter with the onset of transgressive sedimentation beginning when sea level surmounted the shelf edge ca. 13 ka, as predicted by sequence-stratigraphic models. However, the records make clear that factors other than base level modulated slope-basin accumulation rates during the deglaciation. C1 Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sommerfield, CK (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. EM cs@udel.edu NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 345 EP 348 DI 10.1130/G20182.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 808FB UT WOS:000220553900019 ER PT J AU Groat, CG AF Groat, CG TI A celebration of 125 years SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. RP Groat, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD APR PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 810XC UT WOS:000220736000006 ER PT J AU Overli, O Korzan, WJ Hoglund, E Winberg, S Bollig, H Watt, M Forster, GL Barton, BA Overli, E Renner, KJ Summers, CH AF Overli, O Korzan, WJ Hoglund, E Winberg, S Bollig, H Watt, M Forster, GL Barton, BA Overli, E Renner, KJ Summers, CH TI Stress coping style predicts aggression and social dominance in rainbow trout SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE aggression; coping style; cortisol; dominance; hierarchy; stress response ID BRAIN SEROTONERGIC ACTIVITY; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; PLASMA-CORTISOL; SUBORDINATE RELATIONSHIPS; PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; ANIMAL-MODEL; ARCTIC CHARR; TREE SHREWS; FOOD-INTAKE AB Social stress is frequently used as a model for studying the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying stress-induced behavioral inhibition, depression, and fear conditioning. It has previously been shown that social subordination may result in increased glucocorticoid release and changes in brain signaling systems. However, it is still an open question which neuroendocrine and behavioral differences are causes, and which are consequences of social status. Using juvenile rainbow trout of similar size and with no apparent differences in social history, we demonstrate that the ability to win fights for social dominance can be predicted from the duration of a behavioral response to stress, in this case appetite inhibition after transfer to a new environment. Moreover, stress responsiveness in terms of confinement-induced changes in plasma cortisol was negatively correlated to aggressive behavior. Fish that exhibited lower cortisol responses to a standardized confinement test were markedly more aggressive when being placed in a dominant social position later in the study. These findings support the view that distinct behavioral-physiological stress coping styles are present in teleost fish, and these coping characteristics influence both social rank and levels of aggression. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oslo, Div Gen Physiol, Dept Biol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. Univ S Dakota, Neurosci Grp, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. Univ Uppsala, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Comparat Physiol, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gavins Point Natl Fish Hatchery, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. Univ S Dakota, Missouri River Inst, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Marine Biosci, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada. RP Overli, O (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Div Gen Physiol, Dept Biol, POB 1051, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM oyvind.overli@bio.uio.no OI Winberg, Svante/0000-0003-4252-3144 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P 20 RR15567]; NIMH NIH HHS [1F31MH/NS64983-02] NR 55 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 48 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD APR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 4 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2003.12.002 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 812BN UT WOS:000220815100002 PM 15053939 ER PT J AU Troester, JW Turvey, MD AF Troester, JW Turvey, MD TI Water-resources reconnaissance of Ile de la Gonave, Haiti SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE carbonate rocks; coastal aquifers; equipment/field techniques; general hydrogeology; groundwater exploration; karst; salt-water/fresh-water relations; bacterial contamination ID FECAL POLLUTION; DRINKING-WATER; DISSOLUTION; MARGIN AB Ile de la Gonave is a 750-km(2) island off the coast of Haiti. The depth to the water table ranges from less than 30 m in the Eocene and Upper Miocene limestones to over 60 m in the 300-m-thick Quaternary limestone. Annual precipitation ranges from 8001,400 mm. Most precipitation is lost through evapotranspiration and there is virtually no surface water. Roughly estimated from chloride mass balance, about 4% of the precipitation recharges the karst aquifer. Cave pools and springs are a common source for water. Hand-dug wells provide water in coastal areas. Few productive wells have been drilled deeper than 60 m. Reconnaissance field analyses indicate that groundwater in the interior is a calcium-bicarbonate type, whereas water at the coast is a sodium-chloride type that exceeds World Health Organization recommended values for sodium and chloride. Tests for the presence of hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria were negative in most drilled wells, but positive in cave pools, hand-dug wells, and most springs, indicating bacterial contamination of most water sources. Because of the difficulties in obtaining freshwater, the 110,000 inhabitants use an average of only 7 L per person per day. C1 US Geol Survey, Guaynabo, PR 00936 USA. Lifewater Int, San Luis Obispo, CA 93403 USA. RP Troester, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Caribbean Dist,651 Fed Dr,Suite 400-15, Guaynabo, PR 00936 USA. EM jtroest@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD APR PY 2004 VL 12 IS 2 BP 224 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s10040-003-0309-x PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 820OT UT WOS:000221399900010 ER PT J AU Ganusevich, SA Maechtle, TL Seegar, WS Yates, MA McGrady, MJ Fuller, M Schueck, L Dayton, J Henny, CJ AF Ganusevich, SA Maechtle, TL Seegar, WS Yates, MA McGrady, MJ Fuller, M Schueck, L Dayton, J Henny, CJ TI Autumn migration and wintering areas of Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus nesting on the Kola Peninsula, northern Russia SO IBIS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE; TRANSMITTERS; ACCURACY AB Four female Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus breeding on the Kola Peninsula, Russia, were fitted with satellite-received transmitters in 1994. Their breeding home ranges averaged 1175 (sd = +/-714) km(2), and overlapped considerably. All left their breeding grounds in September and migrated generally south-west along the Baltic Sea. The mean travel rate for three falcons was 190 km/day. Two Falcons wintered on the coasts of France and in southern Spain, which were, respectively, 2909 and 4262 km from their breeding sites. Data on migration routes suggested that Falcons took a near-direct route to the wintering areas. No prolonged stopovers were apparent. The 90% minimum convex polygon winter range of a bird that migrated to Spain encompassed 213 km(2) (n = 54). The area of the 50% minimum convex polygon was 21.5 km(2) (n = 29). Data from this study agree with others from North America that show that Falcons breeding in a single area do not necessarily follow the same migratory path southward and do not necessarily use the same wintering grounds. C1 Soldier Biol & Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21019 USA. Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP McGrady, MJ (reprint author), Rosenhugel 59, A-3500 Krems, Austria. EM mikejmcgrady@aol.com NR 29 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD APR PY 2004 VL 146 IS 2 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1046/j.1474-919X.2004.00253.x PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 807TD UT WOS:000220522900009 ER PT J AU Veit, AC Jones, IL AF Veit, AC Jones, IL TI Timing and patterns of growth of Red-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda tail streamer ornaments SO IBIS LA English DT Article ID FEATHER GROWTH; BIRDS; PTILOCHRONOLOGY; AERODYNAMICS C1 Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St Johns, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. RP Veit, AC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM Acveit@ucsalumni.com NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD APR PY 2004 VL 146 IS 2 BP 355 EP 359 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2004.00265.x PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 807TD UT WOS:000220522900017 ER PT J AU Shervais, JW Kimbrough, DL Renne, P Hanan, BB Murchey, B Snow, CA Schuman, MMZ Beaman, J AF Shervais, JW Kimbrough, DL Renne, P Hanan, BB Murchey, B Snow, CA Schuman, MMZ Beaman, J TI Multi-stage origin of the Coast Range ophiolite, California: Implications for the life cycle of supra-subduction zone ophiolites SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Review ID OCEANIC CRUST TERRANE; WESTERN SIERRA-NEVADA; FORE-ARC BASIN; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; NORTHERN-CALIFORNIA; JOSEPHINE OPHIOLITE; FRANCISCAN COMPLEX; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; PALEOGEOGRAPHIC ORIGINS AB The Coast Range ophiolite of California is one of the most extensive ophiolite terranes in North America, extending over 700 km from the northernmost Sacramento Valley to the Southern Transverse Ranges in central California. This ophiolite, and other ophiolite remnants with similar mid-Jurassic ages. represent a major but short-lived episode of oceanic crust formation that affected much of western North America. The history of this ophiolite is important for models of the tectonic evolution of western North America during the Mesozoic, and a range of conflicting interpretations have arisen. Current petrologic. geochemical, stratigraphic, and radiometric age data all favor the interpretation that the Coast Range ophiolite formed to a large extent by rapid extension in the fore-arc region of a nascent subduction Zone. Closer inspection of these data, however, along with detailed studies of field relationships at several locales, show that formation of the ophiolite was more complex, and requires several stages of formation. Our work shows that exposures of the Coast Range ophiolite preserve evidence for four stages of magmatic development. The first three stages represent formation of the ophiolite above a nascent subduction zone. Rocks associated with the first stage include ophiolite layered gabbros, a sheeted complex, and volcanic rocks with Lire tholeiitic or (more rarely) low-K calc-alkaline affinities. The second stage is characterized by intrusive wehrlite-clinopyroxenite complexes, intrusive gabbros, Cr-rich diorites, and volcanic rocks with high-Ca boninitic or tholeiitic ankaramite affinities. The third stage includes diorite, and quartz diorite plutons, felsic dike and sill complexes, and calc-alkaline volcanic rocks. The first three stages of ophiolite formation were terminated by the intrusion of mid-ocean ridge basalt dikes, and the eruption of mid-ocean ridge basalt or ocean-island basalt volcanic suites. We interpret this final magmatic event (MORB dikes) to represent the collision of an active spreading ridge. Subsequent reorganization of relative plate motions led to sinistral transpression, along with renewed subduction and accretion of the Franciscan Complex. The latter event resulted in uplift and exhumation of the ophiolite by the process of accretionary uplift. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Geochronol, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Shervais, JW (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, 4505 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM shervais@cc.usu.edu OI Hanan, Barry/0000-0002-8240-2200 NR 129 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 EI 1938-2839 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD APR PY 2004 VL 46 IS 4 BP 289 EP 315 DI 10.2747/0020-6814.46.4.289 PG 27 WC Geology SC Geology GA 814IU UT WOS:000220969200001 ER PT J AU Becker, MW Collins, SA Metge, DW Harvey, RW Shapiro, AM AF Becker, MW Collins, SA Metge, DW Harvey, RW Shapiro, AM TI Effect of cell physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteria transport; motility; cell wall; colloid transport ID CONTAMINATED SANDY AQUIFER; PLATE FLOW CHAMBER; POROUS-MEDIA; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; ADHESION; DEPOSITION; MICROORGANISMS; ENVIRONMENTS; EFFICIENCY; ADSORPTION AB The influence of physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater were examined in flow-through columns. Four strains of bacteria isolated from a crystalline rock groundwater system were investigated, with carboxylate-modified and amidine-modified latex microspheres and bromide as reference tracers. The bacterial isolates included a gram-positive rod (ML1), a gram-negative motile rod (ML2), a nonmotile mutant of ML2 (ML2m), and a gram-positive coccoid (ML3). Experiments were repeated at two flow velocities, in a glass column packed with glass beads, and in another packed with iron-oxyhydroxide coated glass beads. Bacteria breakthrough curves were interpreted using a transport equation that incorporates a sorption model from microscopic observation of bacterial deposition in flow-cell experiments. The model predicts that bacterial desorption rate will decrease exponentially with the amount of time the cell is attached to the solid surface. Desorption kinetics appeared to influence transport at the lower flow rate, but were not discernable at the higher flow rate. Iron-oxyhydroxide coatings had a lower-than-expected effect on bacterial breakthrough and no effect on the microsphere recovery in the column experiments. Cell wall type and shape also had minor effects on breakthrough. Motility tended to increase the adsorption rate, and decrease the desorption rate. The transport model predicts that at field scale, desorption rate kinetics may be important to the prediction of bacteria transport rates. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Becker, MW (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, 876 NS&M Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM mwbecker@geology.buffalo.edu RI Becker, Matthew/J-2711-2012; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3-4 BP 195 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.001 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 808CE UT WOS:000220546400003 PM 15028391 ER PT J AU Schofield, PJ AF Schofield, PJ TI Influence of salinity, competition and food supply on the growth of Gobiosoma robustum and Microgobius gulosus from Florida Bay, U. S. A. SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abiotic and biotic; competition; estuarine fishes; Florida Bay; Gobiidae; salinity ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; HABITAT SELECTION; SOCIAL STRESS; BROWN TROUT; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; SAMPLING CHARACTERISTICS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COHO SALMON AB The code Gobiosoma robustum and clown Microgobius gulosus gobies were grown in the laboratory over 27 days at two salinities (5 and 35), two food levels [low (a fixed proportion of initial mass) and high (saturation)] and both with and without the presence of the other species. Both species exhibited greatest growth at the high food level and the low (5) salinity. Neither species was affected by the presence of the other species, and there were no overall differences in growth between the two species. Thus, the observed competitive superiority of G. robustum over M. gulosus does not seem to confer an advantage relative to feeding success. Furthermore, as growth of G. robustum was greater at the lower salinity, it is clear that some factor other than salinity is restricting this species from north-eastern Florida Bay. Additional work on the importance of predation and food resources in various regions of Florida Bay is needed to further evaluate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the bay-wide distribution of these species. (C) 2004 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Schofield, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM pam_schofield@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 64 IS 4 BP 820 EP 832 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00349.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812ZW UT WOS:000220878400002 ER PT J AU Carvalho, PSM Noltie, DB Tillitt, DE AF Carvalho, PSM Noltie, DB Tillitt, DE TI Biochemical, histological and behavioural aspects of visual function during early development of rainbow trout SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behaviour; histology; rainbow trout; retina; retinoids; vision ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; RETINOMOTOR RESPONSES; FATTY-ACID; LARVAL; GAIRDNERI; VISION; SENSITIVITY; RETINA; FISHES; EGGS AB Retinal structure and concentration of retinoids involved in phototransduction changed during early development of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, correlating with improvements in visual function. A test chamber was used to evaluate the presence of optokinetic or optomotor responses and to assess the functionality of the integrated cellular, physiological and biochemical components of the visual system. The results indicated that in rainbow trout optomotor responses start at 10 days post-hatch, and demonstrated for the first time that increases in acuity, sensitivity to low light as well as in motion detection abilities occur from this stage until exogenous feeding starts. The structure of retinal cells such as cone ellipsoids increased in length as photopic visual acuity improved, and rod densities increased concurrently with improvements in scotopic thresholds (2(.)2 log(10) units). An increase in the concentrations of the chromophore all-trans-retinal correlated with improvements of all behavioural measures of visual function during the same developmental phase. (C) 2004 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Carvalho, PSM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM pcarvalho@ccb.ufsc.br RI Carvalho, Paulo/D-7213-2011 OI Carvalho, Paulo/0000-0002-4957-9768 NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 64 IS 4 BP 833 EP 850 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00350.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812ZW UT WOS:000220878400003 ER PT J AU Woodruff, LG Attig, JW Cannon, WF AF Woodruff, LG Attig, JW Cannon, WF TI Geochemistry of glacial sediments in the area of the Bend massive sulfide deposit, north-central Wisconsin SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE till geochemistry; geochemical exploration; Wisconsin; Bend massive sulfide ID DEFORMATION; CANADA; TILL AB Geochemical exploration in northern Wisconsin has been problematic because of thick glacial overburden and complex stratigraphic record of glacial history. To assess till geochemical exploration in an area of thick glacial cover and complex stratigraphy samples of glacial materials were collected from cores from five rotasonic boreholes near a known massive sulfide deposit, the Bend deposit in north-central Wisconsin. Diamond drilling in the Bend area has defined a long, thin zone of mineralization at least partly intersected at the bedrock surface beneath 30-40 m of unconsolidated glacial sediments. The bedrock surface has remnant regolith and saprolite resulting from pre-Pleistocene weathering. Massive sulfide and mineralized rock collected from diamond drill core from the deposit contain high (10s to 10,000s ppm) concentrations of Ag, As, An, Bi, Cu, Hg, Se, Te, and Tl. Geochemical properties of the glacial stratigraphic units helped clarify the sequence and source areas of several glacial ice advances preserved in the section. At least two till sheets are recognized. Over the zone of mineralization, saprolite and preglacial alluvial and lacustrine samples are preserved on the bedrock surface in a paleoriver valley. The overlying till sheet is a gray, silty carbonate till with a source hundreds of kilometers to the northwest of the study area. This gray till is overlain by red, sandy till with a source to the north in Proterozoic rocks of the Lake Superior area. The complex glacial stratigraphy confounds down-ice geochemical till exploration. The presence of remnant saprolite, preglacial sediment, and far-traveled carbonate till minimized glacial erosion of mineralized material. As a result, little evidence of down-ice glacial dispersion of lithologic or mineralogic indicators of Bend massive sulfide mineralization was found in the samples from the rotasonic cores. This study points out the importance of determining glacial stratigraphy and history, and identifying favorable lithologies required for geochemical exploration. Drift prospecting in Wisconsin and other areas near the outer limits of the Pleistocene ice sheets may not be unsuccessful, in part, because of complex stratigraphic sequences of multiple glaciations where deposition dominates over erosion. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. Wisconsin Geol & Nat Hist Survey, Madison, WI USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Woodruff, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2280 Woodale Dr, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. EM woodruff@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD APR PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1-3 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2004.01.001 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 814WK UT WOS:000221004600006 ER PT J AU Gundersen, LCS AF Gundersen, LCS TI Tectonics and metallogenesis of Proterozoic rocks of the Reading Prong SO JOURNAL OF GEODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID NEW-JERSEY HIGHLANDS; NEW-YORK; GEOCHEMISTRY; DEPOSITS AB Detailed geologic mapping, petrography, and major and trace-element analyses of Proterozoic rocks from the Greenwood Lake Quadrangle, New York are compared with chemical analyses and stratigraphic information compiled for the entire Reading Prong. A persistent regional stratigraphy is evident in the mapped area whose geochemistry indicates protoliths consistent with a back-arc marginal basin sequence. The proposed marginal basin may have been floored by an older sialic basement and overlain by a basin-fill sequence consisting of a basal tholeiitic basalt, basic to intermediate volcanic or volcaniclastic rocks and carbonate sediments, a bimodal calc-alkaline volcanic sequence, and finally volcaniclastic, marine, and continental sediments. The presence of high-chlorine biotite and scapolite may indicate circulation of brine fluids or the presence of evaporite layers in the sequence. Abundant, stratabound magnetite deposits with a geologic setting very unlike that of cratonic, Proterozoic banded-iron formations are found throughout the proposed basin sequence. Associated with many of the magnetite deposits is unusual uranium and rare-earth element mineralization. It is proposed here that these deposits formed in an exhalative, volcanogenic, depositional environment within an extensional back-arc marginal basin. Such a tectonic setting is consistent with interpretations of protoliths in other portions of the Reading Prong, the Central Metasedimentary Belt of the Canadian Grenville Province, and recent interpretation of the origin of the Franklin lead-zinc deposits, suggesting a more cohesive evolving arc/back-arc tectonic model for the entire Proterozoic margin of the north-eastern portion of the North American craton. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, MS 911 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Gundersen, LCS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 911 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM lgundersen@usgs.gov NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0264-3707 J9 J GEODYN JI J. Geodyn. PD APR-JUL PY 2004 VL 37 IS 3-5 BP 361 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.jog.2004.02.012 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 821VF UT WOS:000221490400004 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JD Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD AF Lundquist, JD Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD TI Spring onset in the Sierra Nevada: When is snowmelt independent of elevation? SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SWITZERLAND; CALIFORNIA; BASINS; RUNOFF; MODEL AB Short-term climate and weather systems can have a strong influence on mountain snowmelt, sometimes overwhelming the effects of elevation and aspect. Although most years exhibit a spring onset that starts first at lowest and moves to highest elevations, in spring 2002, flow in a variety of streams within the Tuolumne and Merced River basins of the southern Sierra Nevada all rose synchronously on 29 March. Flow in streams draining small high-altitude glacial subcatchments rose at the same time as that draining much larger basins gauged at lower altitudes, and streams from north- and south-facing cirques rose and fell together. Historical analysis demonstrates that 2002 was one among only 8 yr with such synchronous flow onsets during the past 87 yr, recognized by having simultaneous onsets of snowmelt at over 70% of snow pillow sites, having discharge in over 70% of monitored streams increase simultaneously, and having temperatures increase over 12degreesC within a 5-day period. Synchronous springs tend to begin with a low pressure trough over California during late winter, followed by the onset of a strong ridge and unusually warm temperatures. Synchronous springs are characterized by warmer than average winters and cooler than average March temperatures in California. In the most elevation-dependent, nonsynchronous years, periods of little or no storm activity, with warmer than average March temperatures, precede the onset of spring snowmelt, allowing elevation and aspect to influence snowmelt as spring arrives gradually. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Lundquist, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jlundquist@ucsd.edu NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 5 IS 2 BP 327 EP 342 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0327:SOITSN>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 810GW UT WOS:000220693800005 ER PT J AU Phillips, ML Clark, WR Nusser, SM Sovada, MA Greenwood, RJ AF Phillips, ML Clark, WR Nusser, SM Sovada, MA Greenwood, RJ TI Analysis of predator movement in prairie landscapes with contrasting grassland composition SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE fractal dimension; landscape composition; Mephitis mephitis; movement; North Dakota; predation; red fox; striped skunk; Vulpes vulpes; waterfowl ID DUCK NEST SUCCESS; FRACTAL DIMENSIONS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; STRIPED SKUNKS; POTHOLE REGION; HABITAT; MAMMALS; STRATEGIES; SELECTION AB Mammalian predation influences waterfowl breeding success in the U.S. northern Great Plains, yet little is known about the influence of the landscape on the ability of predators to find waterfowl nests. We used radiotelemetry to record nightly movements of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in two 41.4-km(2) study areas in North Dakota. Study areas contained either 15-20% grassland (low grassland composition) or 45-55% grassland (high grassland composition). Grasslands included planted cover, pastureland, and hayland. We predicted that the type and composition of cover types in the landscape would influence both predator movement across the landscape (as measured by the fractal dimension and displacement ratio) as well as localized movement (as measured by the rate of movement and turning angle between locations) within patches of different cover types. Red fox movements were straighter (lower fractal dimensions and higher displacements) across landscapes with a low grassland composition, indicating directed movement between the more isolated patches of planted cover. Striped skunk movements did not differ between landscape types, illustrating their movement along wetland edges, which had similar compositions in both landscape types. The high variability in turning angles by red fox in planted cover and pastureland in both landscape types is consistent with restricted-area foraging. The high rate of movement by red foxes in planted cover and by striped skunks in wetland edges suggests that spatial memory may influence movement patterns. Understanding the behavior of predators in fragmented prairie landscape is essential for managing breeding habitat for grassland birds and for predicting the spatial and temporal dynamics of predators and their prey. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Phillips, ML (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mike.phillips@state.co.us NR 52 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 20 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2004 VL 85 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0187:AOPMIP>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 813CG UT WOS:000220884600001 ER PT J AU McIsaac, GF Short, MB Groschen, G Terrio, P AF McIsaac, GF Short, MB Groschen, G Terrio, P TI Nitrate concentrations in Illinois rivers 1967 to 1974: Comparison among reporting agencies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water quality; data quality assurance; long term data analysis; statistical analysis; nonpoint source pollution; water resources history ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NITROGEN; QUALITY; WATER; FLUX; USA AB Long term data on surface water quality can sometimes be assembled by combining data collected by different agencies at different times and assuming that between agency differences in data quality are insignificant. The objective of this paper was to assess the quality of riverine nitrate (NO3) concentrations in Illinois measured and reported by four agencies from 1967 to 1974 by comparing median values for similar sampling locations and periods. A total of 17 river reaches were identified for which two agencies reported NO3 concentrations during similar periods. Nonparametric comparison of median values and analysis of covariance with discharge as a covariant produced similar results. Nitrate concentrations reported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from 1967 to 1971 were not statistically (P > 0.05) different from values reported by the Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) for two of three river reaches. Additionally, NO3 concentrations reported by USGS from 1972 to 1974 were not statistically different than concentrations reported by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) for four of five river reaches. From 1969 to 1971, NO3 concentrations reported by the Illinois Department of Public Heath and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IDPH/IEPA) were less than one-fourth the magnitude of values reported by ISWS. The median NO3 concentrations measured by the Central Illinois Public Service (CIPS) were significantly greater than those measured by USGS and IDPH/IEPA in the three comparable sampling locations. The use of NO3 concentrations measured by CIPS and IDPH/IEPA prior to 1972 is not recommended. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Illinois Environm Protect Agcy, Springfield, IL 62706 USA. US Geol Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP McIsaac, GF (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gmcisaac@uiuc.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 443 EP 459 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 819NR UT WOS:000221322300015 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, FA Harris, MA Arnold, TL Richards, KD AF Fitzpatrick, FA Harris, MA Arnold, TL Richards, KD TI Urbanization influences on aquatic communities in northeastern Illinois streams SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE aquatic ecology; urbanization; water quality; fish; Illinois ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; WISCONSIN STREAMS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; SEDIMENT; LANDSCAPE; URBAN; WATERSHEDS; STORMWATER; SYSTEMS AB Biotic indices and sediment trace element concentrations for 43 streams in northeastern Illinois (Chicago area) from the 1980s and 1990s were examined along an agricultural to urban land cover gradient to explore the relations among biotic integrity, sediment chemistry, and urbanization. The Illinois fish Alternative Index of Biotic Integrity (AIBI) ranged from poor to excellent in agricultural/rural streams, but streams with more than 10 percent watershed urban land (about 500 people/mi(2)) had fair or poor index scores. A macroinvertebrate index (MBI) showed similar trends. A qualitative habitat index (PIBI) did not correlate to either urban indicator. The AIBI and MBI correlated with urban associated sediment trace element concentrations. Elevated copper concentrations in sediment occurred in streams with greater than 40 percent watershed urban land. The number of intolerant fish species and modified index of biotic integrity scores increased in some rural, urbanizing, and urban streams from the 1980s to 1990s, with the largest increases occurring in rural streams with loamy/sandy surficial deposits. However, smaller increases also occurred in urban streams with clayey surficial deposits and over 50 percent watershed urban land. These data illustrate the potentially complex spatial and temporal relations among biotic integrity, sediment chemistry, watershed urban land, population density, and regional and local geologic setting. C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. US Geol Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, FA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM fafitzpa@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 461 EP 475 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01043.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 819NR UT WOS:000221322300016 ER PT J AU Crawford, CG AF Crawford, CG TI Sampling strategies for estimating acute and chronic exposures of pesticides in streams SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE agricultural chemicals; Monte Carlo method; pesticides; risk assessment; statistical analysis; sampling design; water sampling; water quality ID WATER-QUALITY DATA; DISTRIBUTIONAL PARAMETERS; HERBICIDES; METABOLITES; RIVER; SIZE; OHIO AB The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 requires that human exposure to pesticides through drinking water be considered when establishing pesticide tolerances in food. Several systematic and seasonally weighted systematic sampling strategies for estimating pesticide concentrations in surface water were evaluated through Monte Carlo simulation, using intensive datasets from four sites in northwestern Ohio. The number of samples for the strategies ranged from 4 to 120 per year. Sampling strategies with a minimal sampling frequency outside the growing season can be used for estimating time weighted mean and percentile concentrations of pesticides with little loss of accuracy and precision, compared to strategies with the same sampling frequency year round. Less frequent sampling strategies can be used at large sites. A sampling frequency of 10 times monthly during the pesticide runoff period at a 90 km(2) basin and four times monthly at a 16,400 km2 basin provided estimates of the time weighted mean, 90(th), 95(th), and 99(th) percentile concentrations that fell within 50 percent of the true value virtually all of the time. By taking into account basin size and the periodic nature of pesticide runoff, costs of obtaining estimates of time weighted mean and percentile pesticide concentrations can be minimized. C1 US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. RP Crawford, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM cgcrawfo@usgs.gov OI Crawford, Charles/0000-0003-1653-7841 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 485 EP 502 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01045.x PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 819NR UT WOS:000221322300018 ER PT J AU Hartup, BK Olsen, GH Czekala, NM Paul-Murphy, J Langenberg, JA AF Hartup, BK Olsen, GH Czekala, NM Paul-Murphy, J Langenberg, JA TI Levels of fecal corticosterone in sandhill cranes during a human-led migration SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE fecal corticosterone; glucocorticoid; Grits canadensis tabida; health management; migration; radioimmunoassay; sandhill crane; stress ID SERUM CORTICOSTERONE; BASE-LINE; STRESS; BIRDS AB Fourteen captive-reared greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) were conditioned to follow ultralight aircraft to promote migration between Wisconsin and Florida (USA) after release. Fecal samples were collected throughout the training period in Wisconsin and during a 1,977-km human-led migration to Florida to determine fecal corticosterone (FC) concentrations by radioimmunoassay. The mean (+/-SE) FC concentration during the training period was 109.5+/-7.5 ng/g and was representative of baseline levels recorded previously from sandhill cranes. Fecal corticosterone concentrations increased in early migration compared to concentrations 1 mo prior to departure (P<0.01) but were not different from baseline concentrations at the end of the 6-wk migration period. The variability of FC concentrations in individual samples was greater throughout the migration than the training period. Increases in FC during migration were modest and generally consistent with normal corticosterone elevations observed in migrating birds. C1 Int Crane Fdn, Baraboo, WI 53913 USA. United States Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Zool Soc San Diego, Ctr Reprod Endangered Species, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Surg Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Bur Wildlife Management, Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. RP Hartup, BK (reprint author), Int Crane Fdn, E-11376 Shady Lane Rd, Baraboo, WI 53913 USA. EM hartup@savingcranes.org NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 267 EP 272 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 836JY UT WOS:000222553000012 PM 15362826 ER PT J AU Schoenecker, KA Lyda, RO Kirkpatrick, J AF Schoenecker, KA Lyda, RO Kirkpatrick, J TI Comparison of three fecal steroid metabolites for pregnancy detection used with single sampling in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE animal reproduction; bighorn sheep; fertility; noninvasive; Ovis canadensis Canadensis; pregnancy ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ESTROUS-CYCLE; YELLOWSTONE BISON; FERAL HORSES; URINARY; FECES; DIAGNOSIS; OVULATION; MOOSE; ESTROGENS AB We compared three fecal steroid metabolite assays for their usefulness in detecting pregnancy among free-ranging Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) from Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Wyoming and Montana (USA) and captive bighorn ewes at Zoo Montana in Billings, Montana. Fecal samples were collected from 11 free-ranging, radio-collared bighorn ewes in late January-May 2001 and from 20 free-ranging, radio-collared ewes in late March to mid-May 2002. Free-ranging ewes were monitored the following spring to determine whether or not they lambed. In addition, two captive ewes were studied at ZooMontana. With three exceptions, free-ranging bighorn ewes that produced lambs had nonspecific progesterone metabolite (iPdG) levels of >1,800 ng/g feces and iPdG levels >7,000 ng/gm feces when samples were collected between early March and mid-May. Samples collected earlier in the year were inconclusive. One false negative was suspected to be the result of sample collection error. Of the captive ewes, nonspecific pregnanediol-3alpha-glucuronide (PdG) and iPdG followed a predictable curve over the course of the 180-day pregnancies. We conclude that estrone conjugates are not useful in diagnosing pregnancy; however, fecal steroid analysis of PdG and iPdG can be used to accurately determine pregnancy and reproductive function in bighorn sheep. This holds great potential as a noninvasive technique for understanding the role of reproductive disease in wild bighorn sheep. C1 United States Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Sci & Conservat Ctr, Billings, MT 59106 USA. RP Schoenecker, KA (reprint author), United States Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM kate_schoenecker@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 273 EP 281 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 836JY UT WOS:000222553000013 PM 15362827 ER PT J AU Smith, TS Partridge, ST AF Smith, TS Partridge, ST TI Dynamics of intertidal foraging by coastal brown bears in southwestern Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; brown bear; clamming; diet; foraging; grizzly bear; intake rates; intertidal zone; shellfish; Ursus arctos ID GRIZZLY BEARS; BLACK BEARS; CONSTRAINTS; MASS; MEAT AB Shoreline areas provide early season foraging opportunities for coastal bears in Alaska. We investigated used by brown bears (Ursus arctos) of soft-shelled (Mya arenaria) and Pacific razor K. National Park, Alaska, USA, to identify the potential importance of these clams to bears. We used direct observations of bear foraging behavior in the summers of 1998, 1999, and 2001 to model the nutritional importance of clamming behavior. We also used previously described models to estimate the relative importance of clamming and vegetative foraging in meeting the maintenance requirements of bears. At the harvest rate that we observed (0.69 +/- 0.46 clams/min), bears achieved higher rates of digestible energy intake than those foraging oil vegetation. Although clams are available for only a few hours per day, bears Could significantly reduce their total daily foraging time by utilizing clams. Smaller single bears and females With dependent, young were (lie most represented groups of bears using intertidal areas. Large male hears, faced with higher energy requirements, likely are unable to efficiently exploit these intertidal resources. Depending on the relationship between clam size and tissue mass, the relative quality of clams differed by species. Bears foraging on Pacific razor clams required the fewest hours to meet maintenance, followed by bears consuming soft-shelled clams. Our findings highlight, the significance of intertidal habitats for coastal bears, especially females. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Sci Off, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Smith, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Sci Off, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM tom_smith@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 2 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0233:DOIFBC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 813VF UT WOS:000220933900002 ER PT J AU Porter, WF Underwood, HB Woodard, JL AF Porter, WF Underwood, HB Woodard, JL TI Movement behavior, dispersal, and the potential for localized management of deer in a suburban environment SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE contraception; culling; dispersal; fidelity; home range; immigration; localized management; movement behavior; New York; Odocoileus virginianus; suburban; urban; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; HOME RANGES; URBAN DEER; NEW-YORK; SURVIVAL; HERD; POPULATIONS; REDUCTION AB We examined the potential for localized management of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to be successful by measuring movements, testing site fidelity, and modeling the effects of dispersal. Fifty-nine females were radiomarked and tracked during 1997 through 2000 in Irondequoit, New York, USA, a suburb of Rochester. We constructed home ranges for those deer with A greater than or equal to18 reclocations/season. Fifty percent minimum convex polygons (MCP) averaged 3.9 (SE = 0.53) ha in the summer and 5.3 (SE = 0.80) ha in the winter. Deer showed strong fidelity to both summer and winter home ranges, and 30 of 31 females showed overlap of summer and winter home ranges. Annual survival was 64%; the major cause of mortality was deer-automobile collisions. Average annual dispersal rates were <15% for yearlings and adults. Using matrix population modeling, we explored the role of female dispersal in sustaining different management objectives in adjacent locales of approximately 1,000 ha. Modeling showed that if female dispersal was 8%, culling would have to reduce annual survival to 58% to maintain a population just under ecological carrying capacity and reduce survival to 42% to keel) the population at one-half carrying capacity. With the same dispersal, contraception Would need to be effective in 32% of females if the population is near carrying capacity and 68% if the population is at one-half of carrying capacity. Movement behavior data and modeling results lend support to the use of a localized approach to management of females that emphasizes neighborhood-scale manipulation of deer populations, but our research suggests that dispersal rates in females could be critical to long-term success. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Porter, WF (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM wfporter@esf.edu NR 45 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 30 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 2 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0247:MBDATP]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 813VF UT WOS:000220933900004 ER PT J AU Krapu, GL Pietz, PJ Brandt, DA Cox, RR AF Krapu, GL Pietz, PJ Brandt, DA Cox, RR TI Does presence of permanent fresh water affect recruitment in prairie-nesting dabbling ducks? SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; Anas strepera; brood survival; duckling survival; gadwall; mallard; mink; North Dakota; permanent wetlands; Prairie Pothole Region; recruitment ID MALLARD BROODS; NORTH-DAKOTA; SURVIVAL; DUCKLINGS; MINK AB In the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North Dakota, USA, American mink (Mustela arson) arc a major predator of ducklings. Mink populations plummet during severe droughts, but some mink survive where permanent fresh water is available. In 1992-1993, we evaluated whether development of a permanent water body, the 125-km McClusky Canal (MC), had affected survival of gadwall (Anas strepera) and mallard (A. platyrhynchos) broods and ducklings in surrounding wetland complexes. Twelve of 25 radiomarked gadwall and mallard hens experienced total brood loss, and 148 of 199 radiomarked ducklings from 58 broods died by day 30. Gadwall broods (n = 18 radiomarked hens) survived to 30 days at a lower rate (0.52) than predicted for similar areas in the region with limited permanent fresh water (0.85; P= 0.009). Observed (n = 162 radiomarked ducklings from 48 broods) survival rates also were lower than predicted for gadwall ducklings 0-7 days old (0.42 vs. 0.60; P< 0.001) and 8-30 days old (0.41 vs. 0.80; P< 0.001). We attempted to include mallards in models constructed to predict brood and duckling survival rates in the Koenig Study Arca (KSA), but data were too sparse. Rates of survival to 30 days for gadwall and mallard ducklings declined from an estimated 0.83 and 0.68 in 1976-1981 (Lokemoen et al. 1990), when the MC was first filling with water, to 0.36 and 0.31 (adjusted for radiotransmitter effects) in 1992-1993 after the MC had become a permanent freshwater body. Estimated gadwall recruitment rate (females fledged per hen) during 1992-1993 was 0.5, <50% of the estimated recruitment rate in 1976-1981. Of 130 radiomarked ducklings (both species) for which we determined cause of death, 114 mortalities were attributed to predation; at least 65% of 62 deaths in which the predator type could be discerned were caused by mink. Environmental planners and waterfowl managers should be aware of potential risks to waterfowl production from development of permanent freshwater bodies in prairie pothole landscapes and may wish to refine dock productivity models to consider negative effects of permanent water on duckling survival. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Krapu, GL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM gary_krapu@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 2 BP 332 EP 341 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0332:DPOPFW]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 813VF UT WOS:000220933900012 ER PT J AU Otis, DL AF Otis, DL TI Mallard harvest distributions in the Atlantic and Mississippi flyways during periods of restrictive and liberal hunting regulations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptive harvest management; Anas platyrhynchos; Atlantic Flyway; band recovery; bootstrap; categorical analysis; harvest distribution; harvest regulations; mallard; Mississippi Flyway; reporting rate AB Associations between spatial distribution of Harvest and harvest regulations are an important consideration in the management of midcontinent and eastern populations of mallards (Anas platyrynchos), especially if regional harvest allocation is an explicit harvest management objective. I used categorical data analysis and bootstrap techniques to compare the distribution of harvest between a 10-year period of restrictive hunting regulations (1985-1994) and a subsequent 5-year period of liberal regulations (1995-1999). 1 focused my analyses on breeding populations of importance to the Mississippi (MF) and Atlantic Flyways (AY). I found that liberal hunting regulations were associated with increases in proportion of harvest of midcontinent mallard populations in both northern and southern regions of the MF relative to harvest proportions in Canada and the northern Central Flyway (CF). Relative proportion of the harvest of eastern Canada populations increased with liberal regulations in the northern AF. 1 detected no change in harvest distribution of birds breeding in the Great Lakes region. Redistribution of harvest between study periods coincides with a general decrease in hunting effort and harvest in Canadian provinces. Despite a decrease in the proportion of hunting effort in the northern versus southern region of the AF during 1995-1999, the relative proportion of harvest increased in the northern region. These results and methodology could be used to help inform components of the Adaptive Harvest Management (AHM) process that require knowledge and prediction of regional harvest distribution. C1 Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Div Biol Resources, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Otis, DL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Div Biol Resources, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dotis@iastate.edu NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 2 BP 351 EP 359 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0351:MHDITA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 813VF UT WOS:000220933900014 ER PT J AU Conway, CJ Sulzman, C Raulston, BE AF Conway, CJ Sulzman, C Raulston, BE TI Factors affecting detection probability of California black rails SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE California black rail; call broadcast; detection probability; Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus; marshlands; monitoring; observer bias; population declines; survey methods; tape playback; vocalizations; western United States; wetlands ID VIRGINIA RAILS; RECORDED CALLS; ABUNDANCE; COLORADO; DENSITY AB Optimal survey methods for estimating population trends are those that result in high detection probability and low temporal variance in detection probability. We compared detection probability of California black rails (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus) between passive and call-broadcast surveys, and we examined factors that influenced detection probability. The number of black rails detected was 13% higher on call-broadcast surveys compared to passive surveys, but the number of other marsh birds (bitterns and other species of rails) detected was 21% lower. We detected more black rails on evening surveys compared to morning surveys, but we had to cancel 42% of evening surveys due to high wind (>25 km/hr). Detection probability increased from 0500 to 0700 hr and then declined as the morning progressed, but detection probabilities did not vary among hourly time intervals during evening surveys. We failed to detect an effect of broadcast volume on number of black rails detected during paired surveys. Observer detection probability of black rails ((x) over bar = 75.5%) varied among observers but did not differ between passive and call-broadcast surveys. We failed to find a consistent time of year when detection probability was highest at all of our survey locations. We heard the 3 most common black rail calls in consistent proportion from March through June. As many as 15 replicate surveys may be needed to attain >90% detection probability of black rails within potential wetland habitat. We recommend that standardized black rail surveys be repeated annually to provide more precise estimates of population trend and to better determine the distribution and status of this rare species. C1 Univ Arizona, USGS, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Boulder City, NV 89006 USA. RP Conway, CJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USGS, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cconway@ag.arizona.edu NR 37 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 2 BP 360 EP 370 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0360:FADPOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 813VF UT WOS:000220933900015 ER PT J AU Goode, MJ Swann, DE Schwalbe, CR AF Goode, MJ Swann, DE Schwalbe, CR TI Effects of destructive collecting practices on reptiles: A field experiment SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arizona; destructive collecting methods; field experiment; habitat destruction; harvest; repeated-measures analysis; reptiles; rock outcrops; Sonoran Desert ID LIZARD UROSAURUS-ORNATUS; UTA-STANSBURIANA; IGUANIDAE; BEHAVIOR; PATTERNS; HABITAT; SIZE AB A basic tenet of wildlife management is that acceptable harvest methods should have little impact oil populations other than eliminating or reducing the number of surplus individuals. We evaluated whether collectors who use destructive methods to harvest individual animals threaten reptile populations in Arizona, USA. Destructive methods usually involve permanent damage to cracks and crevices in rock outcrops that provide moist, cool shelter sites for reptiles. We surveyed 80 rock outcrops in an area slated for development. We treated half oh the rock outcrops by imitating the activities of collectors using pry bars to overturn rocks and break open cracks, and we then resurveyed the rock outcrops. Multivariate repeated-measures analysis revealed that damaged rock outcrops support fewer reptiles than undamaged outcrops. We also observed species, sex, age-class, and seasonal effects due to treatment. To combat the growing problem of habitat destruction from reptile harvest, we recommend protection of rock outcrops and education of reptile collectors. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Wildlife & Fisheries Sci Program, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Saguaro Natl Pk, Tucson, AZ 85730 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, USGS, Sonoran Desert Field Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Goode, MJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Wildlife & Fisheries Sci Program, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 2 BP 429 EP 434 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0429:EODCPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 813VF UT WOS:000220933900021 ER PT J AU Bodkin, JL Esslinger, GG Monson, DH AF Bodkin, JL Esslinger, GG Monson, DH TI Foraging depths of sea otters and implications to coastal marine communities SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Enhydra lutris; sea otter; diving behavior; time-depth-recorders; TDR; foraging ecology; invertebrate fisheries; fisheries conflict ID DIVING BEHAVIOR; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; ALASKA; CLASSIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; PREDATION; MOVEMENTS; BAY AB We visually observed 1,251 dives, of 14 sea otters instrumented with TDRs in southeast Alaska, and used attribute values from observed dives to classify 180,848 recorded dives as foraging (0.64), or traveling (0.36). Foraging dives were significantly deeper, with longer durations, bottom times, and postdive surface intervals, and greater descent and ascent rates, compared to traveling dives. Most foraging occurred in depths between 2 and 30 m (0.84), although 0.16 of all foraging was between 30 and 100 in. Nine animals, including all five males, demonstrated bimodal patterns in foraging depths, with peaks between 5 and 15 in and 30 and 60 m, whereas five of nine females foraged at an average depth of 10 m. Mean shallow foraging depth was 8 m, and mean deep foraging depth was 44 m. Maximum foraging depths averaged 61 m (54 and 82 for females and males, respectively) and ranged from 35 to 100 m. Female sea otters dove to depths less than or equal to 20 m on 0.85 of their foraging dives while male sea otters dove to depths greater than or equal to 45 in on 0.50 of their foraging dives. Less than 0.02 of all foraging dives were greater than or equal to 55 in, suggesting that effects of sea otter foraging on nearshore marine communities should diminish at greater depths. However, recolonization of vacant habitat by high densities of adult male sea otters may result in initial reductions of some prey species at depths > 55 m. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Bodkin, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM james_bodkin@usgs.gov RI Monson, Daniel/N-4469-2013 OI Monson, Daniel/0000-0002-4593-5673 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 23 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 305 EP 321 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01159.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 811YJ UT WOS:000220806900010 ER PT J AU Wetz, JJ Lipp, EK Griffin, DW Lukasik, J Wait, D Sobsey, MD Scott, TM Rose, JB AF Wetz, JJ Lipp, EK Griffin, DW Lukasik, J Wait, D Sobsey, MD Scott, TM Rose, JB TI Presence, infectivity, and stability of enteric viruses in seawater: relationship to marine water quality in the Florida Keys SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Florida Keys; marine; pollution; enteroviruses; fecal indicators; sewage; RNA ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE PCR; COASTAL WATERS; SURFACE WATERS; COMPARATIVE SURVIVAL; INDICATOR BACTERIA; CELL-CULTURE; WASTE-WATER; RT-PCR; ENTEROVIRUSES; CONTAMINATION AB Concerns about the presence of enteric viruses in the surface waters of the Florida Keys prompted analyses of virus stability and persistence in these waters. In an in vitro study we evaluated the survival of poliovirus and stability of viral RNA in filtered natural seawater (FSW), unfiltered natural seawater (USW), artificial seawater (ASW) and DI water. This study compared cell culture infectivity with direct reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Attenuated poliovirus was seeded in the above water types and incubated in the dark at 22 and 30 degreesC for 60 days. At 22 degreesC, enhanced poliovirus survival and enhanced detection of viral RNA was observed in the seeded DI water control, artificial seawater and FSW samples. Detection of viruses in unfiltered seawater decreased rapidly at both temperatures by both methods of detection, suggesting that in the natural environment detection of enteroviral RNA may indicate a recent contamination event. In addition, in situ sampling in the Florida Keys during the late winter of 2000 revealed the presence of infectious enteroviruses at two sites and no sites exceeded recommended levels of microbial water quality indicators (enterococci or fecal coliform bacteria). (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Biol Consulting Serv N Florida Inc, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Geol & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 206 Environm Hlth Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM elipp@uga.edu NR 38 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 7-8 BP 698 EP 704 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.09.008 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 811LL UT WOS:000220773300017 PM 15041426 ER PT J AU Hattori, KH Cabri, LJ Johanson, B Zientek, ML AF Hattori, KH Cabri, LJ Johanson, B Zientek, ML TI Origin of placer laurite from Borneo: Se and As contents, and S isotopic compositions SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE PGM; nugget; alluvial placer; placer deposit; electron-microprobe; stable-isotopes; osmium; SEM data; Kalimantan; trace-element geochemistry ID PLATINUM-GROUP MINERALS; OPHIOLITIC UPPER-MANTLE; ULTRAMAFIC COMPLEX; OSMIUM-ISOTOPE; SULFIDE MINERALS; ARSENIAN PYRITE; MERENSKY-REEF; SIERRA-LEONE; CHROMITITES; DEPOSITS AB We examined grains of the platinum-group mineral, laurite (RuS2), from the type locality, Pontyn River, Tanah Laut, Borneo, and from the Tambanio River, southeast Borneo. The grains show a variety of morphologies, including euhedral grains with conchoidal fractures and pits, and spherical grains with no crystal faces, probably because of abrasion. Inclusions are rare, but one grain contains Ca-Al amphibole inclusions, and another contains an inclusion of chalcopyrite+bornite+pentlandite+heazle-woodite (Ni3S2) that is considered to have formed by a two-stage process of exsolution and crystallization from a once homogeneous Fe-Cu-Ni sulphide melt. All grains examined are solid solutions of Ru and Os with Ir (2.71-11.76 wt.%) and Pd (0.31-0.66 wt.%). Their compositions are similar to laurite from ophiolitic rocks. The compositions show broad negative correlations between Os and Ir, between As and Ir, and between As (0.4-0.74 wt.%) and Se (140 to 240 ppm). Laurite with higher Os contains more Se and less Ir and As. The negative correlations between Se and As may be attributed to their occupancy of the S site, but the compositional variations of Os, Ir and As probably reflect the compositional variation of rocks where the crystals grew. Ratios of S/Se in laurite show a narrow spread from 1380 to 2300, which are similar to ratios for sulphides from the refractory sub-are mantle. Sulphur isotopic compositions of laurite are independent of chemical compositions and morphologies and are similar to the chondritic value of 0parts per thousand. The data suggest that S in laurite has not undergone redox changes and originated from the refractory mantle. The data support the formation of laurite in the residual mantle or in a magma generated from such a refractory mantle, followed by erosion after the obduction of the host ultramafic rocks. C1 Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Geol Survey Finland, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. US Geol Survey, Spokane, WA USA. RP Hattori, KH (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM khattori@uottawa.ca OI Hattori, Keiko/0000-0002-6757-707X NR 56 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 41 QUEENS GATE, LONDON SW7 5HR, ENGLAND SN 0026-461X J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD APR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 2 BP 353 EP 368 DI 10.1180/0026461046820192 PG 16 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 831MO UT WOS:000222198700011 ER PT J AU Corser, JD Dodd, CK AF Corser, JD Dodd, CK TI Fluctuations in a metapopulation of nesting four-toed salamanders, Hemidactylium scutatum, in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, 1999-2003 SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE amphibian decline; Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Hemidactylium scutatum; metapopulations; pond-breeding amphibians ID PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; AMPHIBIAN MOVEMENTS; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION; DISPERSAL; LANDSCAPE; FORESTS; DECLINE AB We tested two predictions associated with the hypothesis that certain populations of pond-breeding amphibians are structured into trietapopulations using minimum relative abundance estimates of nesting four-toed salamanders (Hemidactylium scutatum Schlegel) from I I different ponds in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Coefficients of variation (CV) for counts at individual ponds ranged front 0.25 to 1.26, and the overall mean CV at all 11 ponds was 0.34. Many pairs of ponds had negative correlations in abundance from 1999-2003, whereas others had various degrees of positive correlation (mean r = 0.29). Thus, nesting population size fluctuated semi-independently among the ponds from year to year, inferring the existence of inter-pond dispersal. The mean number of nesting females at a pond was negatively, but non-significantly, correlated (r = -0.27 P = 0.40; 10 d.f.) to the pond's isolation. Owing to physiological constraints on plethodontid salamander energetics, precipitation during the nesting season (February and March) appeared to play an important role (r = 0.78: P = 0.12; 4 d.f.) in the number of nesting females we observed. Unlike some other plethodontid salamander populations in more fragmented southern Appalachian forest ecosystems, this (meta)population within Great Smoky Mountains National Park does not appear to be declining. C1 US Geol Survey, Twin Creeks Nat Resources Ctr, Great Smoky Mt Natl Pk, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Corser, JD (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Environm & Conservat, Div Nat Heritage, Nat Areas Program, 540 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. EM Jeffrey.Corser@state.tn.us NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 810SS UT WOS:000220724600008 ER PT J AU Cantu, S Wright, RG Scott, JM Strand, E AF Cantu, S Wright, RG Scott, JM Strand, E TI Assessing biodiversity in Nuevo Leon, Mexico: Are nature reserves the answer? SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; GAP; gap analysis; nature reserves ID GAP ANALYSIS; VEGETATION; AREAS; USA AB The Mexican state of Nuevo Leon, located in the northeastern portion of the country, currently has 26 state and three federal nature reserves covering approximately 4.5% of its land area. These reserves were established for a variety of reasons not necessarily related to conservation purposes. In 2000 in response to a growing concern about the lack of organized conservation reserve planning to protect the important biological and physical features of Mexico, the Mexican Commission for Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity proposed 12 new terrestrial reserves for Nuevo Leon. The new reserves, if established, would increase the proportion of protected lands in the state to almost 24% of the state's land area. We compiled a Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis using digital thematic maps of physical and ecological features to examine how well the existing and proposed reserves incorporated the major biological and physical features of the state. The existing reserves are located primarily in regions with elevations > 1,000-1,500 m, on less productive soils, and are dominated by pine and oak forest cover types. As a result, the state's dominant biotic region - low elevation coastal plain with xeric scrub vegetation - is disproportionately under represented in the current reserve system. The new reserves would expand the protection of biophysical resources throughout the state. However, the inclusion of important resources in the low elevation coastal lands would still be limited. C1 Univ Nuevo Leon, Coll Forestry, Linares 67700, NL, Mexico. Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Cantu, S (reprint author), Univ Nuevo Leon, Coll Forestry, Km 145 Carr A Cd Victoria,Ap Post 41, Linares 67700, NL, Mexico. EM ccantu@fcf.uanl.mx NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 EI 2162-4399 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 150 EP 153 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 810SS UT WOS:000220724600010 ER PT J AU Carline, RE Barry, PM Ketola, HG AF Carline, RE Barry, PM Ketola, HG TI Dietary uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by rainbow trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; FISH-OIL; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BIOMAGNIFICATION; ORGANOCHLORINES; DIGESTIBILITY; ACCUMULATION; GAIRDNERI; MUSCLE AB The presence of detectable levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in commercially produced fish feed has raised a concern about the degree of biomagnification of these contaminants in hatchery-reared trout. Our objectives were to (1) define the relationship between concentrations of PCBs in fish feed and in fish tissue and (2) estimate the relative contributions of feed and hatchery supply water to PCB concentrations in fish. We conducted a 6-month feeding trial with fingerling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fed commercial diets with four concentrations of PCBs: a low-PCB diet (69 ng/g); a typical commercial diet (126 ng/g); and the typical diet spiked with PCBs at two levels (220 and 280 ng/g). The concentrations of PCBs in fillets after I month were commensurate with those in the feeds and remained relatively stable for the next 5 months; mean PCB concentrations in fillets ranged from 54 to 94 ng/g. Low levels of PCBs were detected in the hatchery supply water. We used the concentrations of PCBs in the feeds, absorption rates of PCBs, and two different rates of PCB depuration to estimate the potential uptake of PCBs from supply water. When we used a low depuration rate (half-life = 219 d), the computed body burdens of PCBs could be entirely attributed to the feeds. When a high depuration rate (half-life = 66 d) was used, some uptake of PCBs from the supply water was likely, but most of the total body burden originated from the feeds. We concluded that rainbow trout fed a diet with 126 ng/g PCBs would have a PCB concentration of about 60 ng/g in their fillets, which is high enough to warrant issuance of a consumption advisory (no more than one meal of fish per week) under a protocol adopted by some Great Lakes states. C1 Penn State Univ, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Merkle Lab, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, US Geol Survey, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Carline, RE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Merkle Lab, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM f7u@psu.edu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2004 VL 66 IS 2 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1577/A03-028.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 817UY UT WOS:000221203600002 ER PT J AU Labay, AA Standage, RW Brandt, TM AF Labay, AA Standage, RW Brandt, TM TI Selected methods for dusky darter captive propagation SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FOUNTAIN DARTER; LARVAE; PERCINA; EGGS AB Past disturbance of eggs or larvae of dusky darters Percina sciera has resulted in almost 100% mortality of the larvae within 9 d of hatch. Photoperiod and water temperature were manipulated to induce dusky darters collected from the wild to spawn in the laboratory. Eggs spawned in gravel spawning trays were transferred while in the trays to specially designed egg incubators. Dusky darter larvae were collected after they emerged from the gravel and swam out of the incubator. Groups of larvae were offered ground TetraMin (less than or equal to0.3 mm), zooplankton (less than or equal to0.3 mm), or a combination of both foods in aquariums that had circulated or noncirculated water. The highest mean survival per treatment was for zooplankton and no circulation (71%); the lowest mean survival was for TetraMin with no circulation (3%). A dusky darter growth curve from egg to first spawn, approximately 1 year, was developed. Dusky darters reared in the laboratory from eggs were successfully spawned. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. PBS&J, Austin, TX 78730 USA. US Forest Serv, Ouachita Natl Forest, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Brandt, TM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, 500 E McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM tom_brandt@fws.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2004 VL 66 IS 2 BP 146 EP 152 DI 10.1577/A03-029.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 817UY UT WOS:000221203600011 ER PT J AU Labay, AA Collins, K Standage, RW Brandt, TM AF Labay, AA Collins, K Standage, RW Brandt, TM TI Gut content of first-feeding wild darters and captive-reared dusky darters SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID LIGHT TRAP; LARVAE AB Five of 18 blackside darter Percina maculata larvae and 3 of 18 leopard darter P. pantherina larvae collected in light traps from the Glover River McCurtain County, Oklahoma, contained ingested items. The maximum diameter of prey ingested was between 0.27 and 0.37 mm and was 70-90% of their gape widths. None of the larvae that contained prey items possessed a visible yolk sac. Forty-three of 48 laboratory-reared larval dusky darters P. sciera offered zooplankton (less than or equal to0.30 wart in diameter; harvested from hatchery ponds) contained ingested items. The dominant prey was Ceriodaphnia spp. adults and neonates. The maximum number of Ceriodaphnia consumed by an individual larva was 20. Calanoid copepods were abundant in the zooplankton offered but were not found in any but the 18-d-old larvae. Rotifers in low densities also were offered, but none were observed in any of the alimentary canals. We conclude that small (less than or equal to0.30-mm), pond-reared cladocerans such as Ceriodaphnio and Bosmina are suitable food for the first-feeding Percina species examined during this study. C1 PBS&J, Austin, TX 78730 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Tulsa, OK 74127 USA. US Forest Serv, Ouachita Natl Forest, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Brandt, TM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, 500 E McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM tom_brandt@fws.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2004 VL 66 IS 2 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1577/A03-030.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 817UY UT WOS:000221203600012 ER PT J AU Saracco, JF Collazo, JA Groom, MJ AF Saracco, JF Collazo, JA Groom, MJ TI How do frugivores track resources? Insights from spatial analyses of bird foraging in a tropical forest SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE facilitation; frugivory; Puerto Rico; spatial correlograms; tanagers ID PUERTO-RICO; FRUIT; ABUNDANCE; FLOCKS; PLANTS; TREES; ASSEMBLAGES; PARUS AB Frugivores often track ripe fruit abundance closely across local areas despite the ephemeral and typically patchy distributions of this resource. We use spatial auto- and cross-correlation analyses to quantify spatial patterns of fruit abundance and avian frugivory across a 4-month period within a forested 4.05-ha study grid in Puerto Rico. Analyses focused on two tanager species, Spindalis portoricensis and Nesospingus speculiferus, and their principal food plants. Three broad questions are addressed: (1) at what spatial scales is fruit abundance and frugivory patchy; (2) at what spatial scales do frugivores respond to fruit abundance; and (3) to what extent do spatial patterns of frugivory overlap between bird species? Fruit patch size, species composition, and heterogeneity was variable among months, despite fruit patch locations remaining relatively consistent between months. Positive correlations between frugivory and fruit abundance suggested tanagers successfully tracked fruit abundance. Frugivory was, however, more localized than fruit abundance. Scales of spatial overlap in frugivory and monthly variation in the foraging locations of the two tanager species suggested that interspecific facilitation may have been important in determining bird foraging locations. In particular, S. portoricensis, a specialist frugivore, may have relied on the loud calls of the gregarious generalist, N. speculiferus, to find new foraging areas. Such a mechanism could help explain the formation of mixed species feeding flocks and highlights the potential importance of facilitation between species that share resources. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, USGS Biol Resources Div, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Saracco, JF (reprint author), POB 17, Gustavus, AK 99826 USA. EM jfsaracc@gustavus.ak.us NR 39 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2004 VL 139 IS 2 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1493-7 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 810SZ UT WOS:000220725300007 PM 14872335 ER PT J AU Sohl, TL Gallant, AL Loveland, TR AF Sohl, TL Gallant, AL Loveland, TR TI The characteristics and interpretability of land surface change and impliciations for project design SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; COVER CHANGES; FOREST CHANGE; MSS DATA; VEGETATION; IMAGERY; TEMPERATURE; AMAZON; TIME; NORMALIZATION AB The need for comprehensive, accurate information on landcover change has never been greater. While remotely sensed imagery affords the opportunity to provide information on land-cover change over large geographic expanses at a relatively low cost, the characteristics of land-surface change bring into question the suitability of many commonly used methodologies. Algorithm-based methodologies to detect change generally cannot provide the some level of accuracy as the analyses done by human interpreters. Results from the Land Cover Trends project, a cooperative venture that includes the U.S. Geological Survey, Environmental Protection Agency, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have shown that land-cover conversion is a relatively rare event, occurs locally in small patches, varies geographically and temporally, and is spectrally ambiguous. Based on these characteristics of change and the type of information required, manual interpretation was selected as the primary means of detecting change in the Land Cover Trends project. Mixtures of algorithm-based detection and manual interpretation may often prove to be the most feasible and appropriate design for change-detection applications. Serious examination of the expected characteristics and measurability of change must be considered during the design and implementation phase of any change analysis project. C1 SAIC, USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. US Geol Survey, USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Sohl, TL (reprint author), SAIC, USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sohl@usgs.gov; gallant@usgs.gov; loveland@usgs.gov OI Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 NR 59 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 4 BP 439 EP 448 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 820QB UT WOS:000221403300008 ER PT J AU Ward, JR Lafferty, KD AF Ward, JR Lafferty, KD TI The elusive baseline of marine disease: Are diseases in ocean ecosystems increasing? SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS MORTALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORAL-REEFS; PARASITES; INFECTION; ECOLOGY AB Disease outbreaks alter the structure and function of marine ecosystems, directly affecting vertebrates (mammals, turtles, fish), invertebrates (corals, crustaceans, echinoderms), and plants (seagrasses). Previous studies suggest a recent increase in marine disease. However, lack of baseline data in most communities prevents a direct test of this hypothesis. We developed a proxy to evaluate a prediction of the increasing disease hypothesis: the proportion of scientific publications reporting disease increased in recent decades. This represents, to our knowledge, the first quantitative use of normalized trends in the literature to investigate an ecological hypothesis. We searched a literature database for reports of parasites and disease (hereafter "disease") in nine marine taxonomic groups from 1970 to 2001. Reports, normalized for research effort, increased in turtles, corals, mammals, urchins, and molluscs. No significant trends were detected for seagrasses, decapods, or sharks/rays (though disease occurred in these groups). Counter to the prediction, disease reports decreased in fishes. Formulating effective resource management policy requires understanding the basis and timing of marine disease events. Why disease outbreaks increased in some groups but not in others should be a priority for future investigation. The increase in several groups lends urgency to understanding disease dynamics, particularly since few viable options currently exist to mitigate disease in the oceans. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Ward, JR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jrw37@cornell.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 29 TC 195 Z9 199 U1 5 U2 79 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 2 IS 4 BP 542 EP 547 AR e120 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020120 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 817RN UT WOS:000221194700021 PM 15094816 ER PT J AU Etnier, DA Parker, CR Stocks, IC AF Etnier, DA Parker, CR Stocks, IC TI A new species of Rhyacophila pictet (Trichoptera : rhyacophilidae) from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, with illustrations of females of R. appalachia morse and ross and R. mycta ross SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE trichoptera; rhyacophilidae; Rhyacophila; Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Tennessee; North Carolina AB Rhyacophila celadon Etnier, Stocks, and Parker, n. sp., a large species of the R. nigrita species group, is described from areas in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina, based on males, females, and larvae. The male is virtually identical to that of R. nigrita, but differs consistently from that species in aspects of the genitalia. The female and larva differ remarkably from those of R. nigrita. Females of Rhyacophila appalachia and R. mycta are illustrated. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Etnier, DA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dipnet@utk.edu; chuck_parker@usgs.gov; istocks@charter.net NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 396 EP 406 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810AE UT WOS:000220676400013 ER PT J AU Simpson, JJ Dettinger, MD Gehrke, F McIntire, TJ Hufford, GL AF Simpson, JJ Dettinger, MD Gehrke, F McIntire, TJ Hufford, GL TI Hydrologic scales, cloud variability, remote sensing, and models: Implications for forecasting snowmelt and streamflow SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; OROGRAPHIC-PRECIPITATION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; ENERGY-BALANCE; CALIFORNIA; RADIATION; MOUNTAINS; SNOWPACK; BASINS AB Accurate prediction of available water supply from snowmelt is needed if the myriad of human, environmental, agricultural, and industrial demands for water are to be satisfied, especially given legislatively imposed conditions on its allocation. Robust retrievals of hydrologic basin model variables (e.g., insolation or areal extent of snow cover) provide several advantages over the current operational use of either point measurements or parameterizations to help to meet this requirement. Insolation can be provided at hourly time scales (or better if needed during rapid melt events associated with flooding) and at 1-km spatial resolution. These satellite-based retrievals incorporate the effects of highly variable (both in space and time) and unpredictable cloud cover on estimates of insolation. The insolation estimates are further adjusted for the effects of basin topography using a high-resolution digital elevation model prior to model input. Simulations of two Sierra Nevada rivers in the snowmelt seasons of 1998 and 1999 indicate that even the simplest improvements in modeled insolation can improve snowmelt simulations, with 10%-20% reductions in root-mean-square errors. Direct retrieval of the areal extent of snow cover may mitigate the need to rely entirely on internal calculations of this variable, a reliance that can yield large errors that are difficult to correct until long after the season is complete and that often leads to persistent underestimates or overestimates of the volumes of the water to operational reservoirs. Agencies responsible for accurately predicting available water resources from the melt of snowpack [e.g., both federal (the National Weather Service River Forecast Centers) and state (the California Department of Water Resources)] can benefit by incorporating concepts developed herein into their operational forecasting procedures. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Digital Image Anal Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA USA. Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Simpson, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Digital Image Anal Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jsimpson@ucsd.edu NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 251 EP 276 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0251:HSCVRS>2.0.CO;2 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 807CV UT WOS:000220480500005 ER PT J AU Svancara, LK Servheen, G Melquist, W Davis, D Scott, JM AF Svancara, LK Servheen, G Melquist, W Davis, D Scott, JM TI Habitat restoration across large areas: Assessing wildlife responses in the Clearwater Basin, Idaho SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE habitat restoration; ecosystem management; Clearwater Basin; Idaho; wildlife ID OAK WOODLANDS; MODELS; DIVERSITY AB Over the past century, fire suppression and prevention have altered disturbance regimes across the Pacific Northwest, resulting in a significant divergence of historical and current conditions in forested habitats. To address this continuing trend in habitat changes and begin restoring historical patterns of disturbance, the Clearwater Basin Elk Habitat Initiative (CEI) proposes relatively extensive management actions in the Clearwater basin of north-central Idaho. We attempted to evaluate potential effects of such management actions on selected wildlife species using extant data sets and suggest ways to improve such projects with respect to a multispecies and adaptive management approach. Although there is increased interest in ecosystem management over large areas, the increased scale of analysis and implementation require a substantial increase in the level of species information beyond what currently exists. We conclude that baseline information required for an effective multispecies land-management policy in the Clearwater basin does not exist for many terrestrial wildlife species. To implement a true multispecies or ecosystem approach, wildlife and land managers should cooperate to increase existing population data and modeling efforts for wildlife species in the basin and develop a sustainable monitoring program to evaluate habitat management changes and their influence on wildlife populations within the context of adaptive management theory. Management actions to restore disturbance patterns should attempt spatial and temporal scales that are biologically relevant to the population ecology of species being affected. C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Landscape Dynam Lab, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID 83707 USA. US Forest Serv, Clearwater Natl Forest, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Svancara, LK (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Landscape Dynam Lab, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM leonab@uidaho.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD APR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 123 EP 132 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 821CJ UT WOS:000221437100008 ER PT J AU Sheaffer, SE Rusch, DH Humburg, DD Lawrence, JS Zenner, GG Gillespie, MM Caswell, FD Wilds, S Yaich, SC AF Sheaffer, SE Rusch, DH Humburg, DD Lawrence, JS Zenner, GG Gillespie, MM Caswell, FD Wilds, S Yaich, SC TI Wildlife monographs SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE band recovery; band-reporting rates; Branta canadensis interior; capture-resighting; harvest management; movement rates; survival rates ID CANADA-GEESE; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; MARK-RECAPTURE; MORPHOMETRIC DISCRIMINATION; WINTER DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-GROWTH; RECOVERY RATES; SURVIVAL; ANIMALS; HYPOTHESES AB Annual survival rates of neck-banded adult geese averaged ((x) over bar +/- SE) 0.707 +/- 0.019 during 1984-86, 0.651 +/- 0.022 during 1987-89 when harvest seasons were restricted, and 0.595 +/- 0.028 during 1990-93 when harvest seasons were liberalized. Annual survival rates for neck-banded adults were lower versus leg-banded adults during 1987-89 and 1990-93 (P less than or equal to 0.05). Mean survival of neck-banded adults during the harvest seasons in 1987-89 was lower than the mean rate in the harvest seasons of 1984-86, primarily due to a low Survival estimate in 1989. Survival averaged 0.918 +/- 0.0129 during the 1987 and 1988 harvest seasons but declined to 0.665 +/- 0.051 during 1989. Restrictions in harvest correlated with a decrease in direct recovery rates and an increase in survival rates of neck-banded adults during the 1987 and 1988 harvest seasons, but not in 1989. Higher recovery rates in 1989-92 suggested that increased harvest mortality contributed to lower survival of adult geese. However, mortality rates during the 1989-92 harvest seasons increased at a greater proportion than increases in direct recovery rates, suggesting that factors other than harvest could have significantly impacted fall mortality rates of adult geese. Estimated within-year Probabilities of movement, along with Population size estimates, suggested there was a northern shift in fall distributions of EPP Canada geese and delayed migrations during the late 1980s. Probabilities of southward movement for geese in the northern regions of the Flyway declined significantly during October and November when season lengths and quotas were reduced during 1987-89. While restrictions in harvest in 1987-89 corresponded with delays in fall movements, subsequent increases in harvest pressure in 1990-92 did not promote southward movement of geese in early fall. Geese that survived the harvest season in 1990-92 had lower rates of movement during October and early November than did geese that survived the harvest seasons in 1985-86. The gradual shift in the estimated timing of north-south movement, for birds known to have survived the harvest season, suggests mortality rates were higher for geese that moved south early in the fall in 1990-92. However, the lack of information on reporting rates and crippling loss for Canada geese prevented direct estimation of the proportion of fall mortality attributable to harvest. Our study demonstrated that a variety of factors can interact to affect the distribution of Canada geese and complicate approaches to population management. Information from marked geese is a critical tool for monitoring changes in survival and harvest rates of Canada goose populations, especially in light of recent changes in winter distributions and resultant mixing of populations. Data for EPP Canada geese indicated that neck-banded geese had lower survival and higher recovery rates than did leg-banded geese. If harvest was the major source of mortality for EPP geese, our results suggested that actual reporting rates for Canada geese were lower than rates estimated for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). In contrast, if harvest was not the major Source of mortality for geese, then managers need to consider northarvest mortality rates when determining optimal harvest rates for sustainable populations of Canada geese. In light of recent changes in band inscriptions designed to increase reporting Fates, we recommend that managers limit the use of neck bands and that monitoring programs for Canada geese be designed to minimize potential biases due to colored auxiliary markers and differential reporting rates. We also recommend that band reporting rates be evaluated for goose populations across North America. Information on temporal and spatial differences in reporting rates would improve management efforts for EPP Canada geese by allowing a better understanding of the relative impacts of harvest and nonharvest mortality rates. C1 Cornell Univ, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USGS, BRD, Wisconsin Cooperat Res Unit,Russell Labs 204, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Conservat Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Clear Lake, IA 50428 USA. Manitoba Conservat, Winnipeg, MB R3J 3W3, Canada. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Migratory Birds Div, Winnipeg, MB R3C 4W2, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Sheaffer, SE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 80 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0084-0173 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD APR PY 2004 IS 156 BP 1 EP 54 PG 54 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 816QR UT WOS:000221124900001 ER PT J AU Savage, JC Gan, W Prescott, WH Svarc, JL AF Savage, JC Gan, W Prescott, WH Svarc, JL TI Strain accumulation across the Coast Ranges at the latitude of San Francisco, 1994-2000 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE strain accumulation; San Francisco; San Andreas Fault ID ANDREAS FAULT SYSTEM; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; GEODETIC DATA; GPS DATA; DEFORMATION; PARKFIELD; INVERSION; ROTATION; MOTION; NEVADA AB A 66-monument geodetic array spanning the Coast Ranges near San Francisco has been surveyed more than eight times by GPS between late 1993 and early 2001. The measured horizontal velocities of the monuments are well represented by uniform, right-lateral, simple shear parallel to N29degreesW. (The local strike of the San Andreas Fault is similar toN34degreesW.) The observed areal dilatation rate of 6.9+/-10.0 nstrain yr(-1) (quoted uncertainty is one standard deviation and extension is reckoned positive) is not significantly different from zero, which implies that the observed strain accumulation could be released by strike-slip faulting alone. Our results are consistent with the slip rates assigned by the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities [2003] to the principal faults (San Gregorio, San Andreas, Hayward-Rodgers Creek, Calaveras-Concord-Green Valley, and Greenville Faults) cutting across the GPS array. The vector sum of those slip rates is 39.8+/-2.6 mm yr(-) N29.8degreesW+/-2.8degrees, whereas the motion across the GPS array (breadth 120 km) inferred from the uniform strain rate approximation is 38.7+/-1.2 mm yr(-1) N29.0degreesW+/-0.9degrees right-lateral shear and 0.4+/-0.9 mm yr(-1) N61degreesE+/-0.9degrees extension. We interpret the near coincidence of these rates and the absence of significant accumulation of areal dilatation to imply that right-lateral slip on the principal faults can release the accumulating strain; major strain release on reverse faults subparallel to the San Andreas Fault within the Coast Ranges is not required. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jasavage@usgs.gov; wjgan@gps.gov.cn; prescott@unavco.org; jsvarc@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 30 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B3 AR B03413 DI 10.1029/2003JB002612 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 811AT UT WOS:000220745500001 ER PT J AU Patrick, M Dean, K Dehn, J AF Patrick, M Dean, K Dehn, J TI Active mud volcanism observed with Landsat 7 ETM+ SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mud volcano; satellite monitoring; Klawasi; Alaska; Landsat; ASTER ID LONG-WAVE-RADIATION; COPPER RIVER-BASIN; CRATER LAKE; NEW-ZEALAND; HEAT; EVAPORATION; CONVECTION; GEOCHEMISTRY; BUDGETS; ALASKA AB Mud volcanoes are relatively small spatter cones that erupt water-laden mud and gases, and occur throughout the world. For many mud volcanoes, the eruption of warm mud (10-40degreesC) can be detected with high-resolution thermal satellite imagery. We demonstrate the utility of Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) imagery for thermal monitoring of active mud volcanism. We constrain the temperature and area of active mud discharge and estimate surface heat nux for two isolated mud volcanoes in the Copper River Basin, Alaska using Band 6 (10.4-12.5 mum). The heat flux results span a wide range due to uncertainties in the environmental conditions at the time of image acquisition.. but can be constrained to be less than 0.24 MW for each of the two mud volcanoes considering previously published field measurements. With this higher-resolution Band 6 on the ETM+ sensor, as well as the high-resolution thermal bands on the ASTER sensor, reliable monitoring of mud volcanism on this scale is possible for the first time. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Patrick, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, HIGP, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM patrick@higp.hawaii.edu OI Patrick, Matthew/0000-0002-8042-6639 NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 30 PY 2004 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 307 EP 320 DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00383-4 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 800KF UT WOS:000220026500005 ER PT J AU Greenblatt, RJ Work, TM Balazs, GH Sutton, CA Casey, RN Casey, JW AF Greenblatt, RJ Work, TM Balazs, GH Sutton, CA Casey, RN Casey, JW TI The Ozobranchus leech is a candidate mechanical vector for the fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus found latently infecting skin tumors on Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas) SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE quantitative PCR; marine turtle; leech; vector; fibropapillomatosis; fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus; green turtle herpesvirus; latent ID MULTICENTRIC CASTLEMANS-DISEASE; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; CUTANEOUS FIBROPAPILLOMAS; MARINE TURTLES; TRANSMISSION; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8; SEQUENCES; PATHOGENS; EXPOSURE AB Fibropapillomatosis (FP) of marine turtles is a neoplastic disease of ecological concern. A fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus (FPTHV) is consistently present, usually at loads exceeding one virus copy per tumor cell. DNA from an array of parasites of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) was examined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) to determine whether any carried viral loads are sufficient to implicate them as vectors for FPTHV. Marine leeches (Ozobranchus spp.) were found to carry high viral DNA loads; some samples approached 10 million copies per leech. lsopycnic sucrose density gradient/qPCR analysis confirmed that some of these copies were associated with particles of the density of enveloped viruses. The data implicate the marine leech Ozobranchus as a mechanical vector for FPTHV. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of FPTHV gene expression indicated that most of the FPTHV copies in a fibropapilloma have restricted DNA polymerase expression, suggestive of latent infection. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Vet Med Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, United States Geol Survey, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. Honolulu Lab, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Casey, JW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Vet Med Ctr, C5-153, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jwc3@cornell.edu RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [2T32 ES07052-26] NR 29 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 30 PY 2004 VL 321 IS 1 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2003.12.026 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 807KB UT WOS:000220499300011 PM 15033569 ER PT J AU Ezenwa, VO AF Ezenwa, VO TI Interactions among host diet, nutritional status and gastrointestinal parasite infection in wild bovids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nutrition; nematodes; faecal egg count; Bovidae; drought ID FECAL NIRS EQUATIONS; OVIS-ARIES L; NEMATODE INFECTIONS; SHEEP; CATTLE; IMMUNITY; PROTEIN; EGG; VEGETATION; POPULATION AB In this study, I explored the interactions among host diet, nutritional status and gastrointestinal parasitism in wild bovids by examining temporal patterns of nematode faecal egg shedding in species with different diet types during a drought and non-drought year. Study species included three grass and roughage feeders (buffalo, hartebeest, waterbuck), four mixed or intermediate feeders (eland, Grant's gazelle, impala, Thomson's gazelle) and two concentrate selectors (dik-dik, klipspringer). Six out of the nine focal species had higher mean faecal egg counts in the drought year compared to the normal year, and over the course of the dry year, monthly faecal egg counts were correlated with drought intensity in four species with low-quality diets, but no such relationship was found for species with high-quality diets. Comparisons of dietary crude protein and faecal egg count in impala showed that during the dry season, individuals with high faecal egg counts (greater than or equal to 1550 eggs/g of faeces) had significantly lower crude protein levels than individuals with low (0-500 eggs/g) or moderate (550-1500 eggs/g) egg counts. These results suggest that under drought conditions, species unable to maintain adequate nutrition, mainly low-quality feeders, are less able to cope with gastrointestinal parasite infections. In particular, during dry periods, reduced protein intake seems to be associated with declining resilience and resistance to infection. (C) 2003 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ezenwa, VO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM vezenwa@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAR 29 PY 2004 VL 34 IS 4 BP 535 EP 542 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2003.11.012 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 806DE UT WOS:000220413800011 PM 15013743 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Kubicki, JD Reitmeyer, R Davis, JA AF Bargar, JR Kubicki, JD Reitmeyer, R Davis, JA TI ATR-FTIR characterization of inner-sphere and outer-sphere carbonate surface complexes on hematite. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO USA. EM bargar@slac.stanford.edu RI Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012 OI Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 172-GEOC BP U1219 EP U1219 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655604035 ER PT J AU Brown, GE Slowey, AJ Kim, CS Lowry, GV Shaw, S Yoon, TH Johnson, SB Benzerara, K Rytuba, JJ AF Brown, GE Slowey, AJ Kim, CS Lowry, GV Shaw, S Yoon, TH Johnson, SB Benzerara, K Rytuba, JJ TI Nanomaterials in mining environments. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Denver, CO USA. RI Shaw, Sam/D-6869-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 039-IEC BP U1236 EP U1236 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655604099 ER PT J AU Davis, JA Curtis, GP Kohler, M Fox, P Meece, DE AF Davis, JA Curtis, GP Kohler, M Fox, P Meece, DE TI Scaling surface complexation modeling from the laboratory to field applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jadavis@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 15-NUCL BP U77 EP U77 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655700364 ER PT J AU Fuller, CC Bargar, JR Webb, SM O'Day, PA Conklin, MH Condon, AK Marcus, MA Caldwell, WA AF Fuller, CC Bargar, JR Webb, SM O'Day, PA Conklin, MH Condon, AK Marcus, MA Caldwell, WA TI Attenuation of Zn contamination by biogenic Mn-oxides at Pinal Creek, AZ. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA USA. Univ Calif Merced, Sch Engn, Merced, CA USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 127-GEOC BP U1212 EP U1212 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655603990 ER PT J AU Kinney, CA Furlong, ET Cahill, J Werner, S AF Kinney, CA Furlong, ET Cahill, J Werner, S TI Occurrence and behavior of wastewater derived pharmaceuticals in soils irrigated with reclaimed water SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Water Qual Lab, US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mhdp1304@yahoo.com RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 112-ENVR BP U1056 EP U1056 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655603610 ER PT J AU Meyer, M Ferrell, G Bumgarner, JE Cole, D Hutchins, S Krapac, I Johnson, K Verstraeten, I Kolpin, DW AF Meyer, M Ferrell, G Bumgarner, JE Cole, D Hutchins, S Krapac, I Johnson, K Verstraeten, I Kolpin, DW TI Occurrence of antibiotic residues in waste storage facilities at swine animal feeding operation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM mmeyer@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 155-AGFD BP U53 EP U53 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655600163 ER PT J AU Orris, GJ Harvey, GJ AF Orris, GJ Harvey, GJ TI Detection of perchlorate in arid regions of the southwestern US SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM greta@swfo.arizona.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 103-AGRO BP U74 EP U74 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655600272 ER PT J AU Rosenbauer, RJ Koksalan, T AF Rosenbauer, RJ Koksalan, T TI Experimental multi-phase CO2-brine-rock interactions at elevated temperature and pressure: Implications for CO2 sequestration in deep-saline aquifers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM brosenbauer@usgs.gov; koksalan@pangea.Stanford.EDU NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 182-FUEL BP U1098 EP U1098 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655603839 ER PT J AU Scribner, EA Battaglin, WA AF Scribner, EA Battaglin, WA TI Reconnaissance for selected herbicides and antibiotics in the midwest, 2002 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM scribner@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 041-AGRO BP U63 EP U63 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655600210 ER PT J AU Slowey, AJ Johnson, SB Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE AF Slowey, AJ Johnson, SB Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE TI Transport of colloid-associated mercury and arsenic: Column experiments and microscopic, spectroscopic, and chemical analyses of colloidal material. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Program, Denver, CO USA. EM aslowey@pangea.stanford.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 047-GEOC BP U1113 EP U1113 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655603910 ER PT J AU Denlinger, RP Iverson, RM AF Denlinger, RP Iverson, RM TI Granular avalanches across irregular three-dimensional terrain: 1. Theory and computation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE geomorphology; avalanche; granular experiments; landslide; model; three-dimensional ID FREE-SURFACE FLOW; RIEMANN SOLVERS; MASSES; PREDICTIONS; MOTION; CHUTE AB To establish a theoretical basis for predicting and interpreting the behavior of rapid mass movements on Earth's surface, we develop and test a new computational model for gravity-driven motion of granular avalanches across irregular, three-dimensional (3-D) terrain. The principles embodied in the model are simple and few: continuum mass and momentum conservation and intergranular stress generation governed by Coulomb friction. However, significant challenges result from the necessity of satisfying these principles when deforming avalanches interact with steep and highly variable 3-D terrain. We address these challenges in four ways. (1) We formulate depth-averaged governing equations that are referenced to a rectangular Cartesian coordinate system (with z vertical) and that account explicitly for the effect of nonzero vertical accelerations on depth-averaged mass and momentum fluxes and stress states. (2) We compute fluxes of mass and momentum across vertical cell boundaries using a high-resolution finite volume method and Roe-type Riemann solver. Our algorithm incorporates flux difference splitting, an entropy correction for the flux, and eigenvector decomposition to embed the effects of driving and resisting forces in Riemann solutions. (3) We use a finite element method and avalanche displacements predicted by Riemann solutions to compute Coulomb stresses conjugate to the displacements in 3-D stress space. (4) We test the model output against analytical solutions, a sand cone conceptual experiment, and (in a companion paper) data from detailed laboratory experiments. Model results illustrate a complex interplay of basal traction and internal stress, and they successfully predict not only the gross behavior but also many details of avalanche motion from initiation to deposition. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Denlinger, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Court 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM roger@usgs.gov; riverson@usgs.gov RI Namikawa, Laercio/C-5559-2013 OI Namikawa, Laercio/0000-0001-7847-1804 NR 35 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR 27 PY 2004 VL 109 IS F1 AR F01014 DI 10.1029/2003JF000085 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 863NW UT WOS:000224569700002 ER PT J AU Iverson, RM Logan, M Denlinger, RP AF Iverson, RM Logan, M Denlinger, RP TI Granular avalanches across irregular three-dimensional terrain: 2. Experimental tests SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE avalanche; granular; experiments; landslide; model; three-dimensional ID FREE-SURFACE FLOW; DEBRIS FLOWS; RUNOUT; MOTION; MASS; PREDICTIONS; MECHANICS; DYNAMICS; CHUTE AB Scaling considerations indicate that miniature experiments can be used to test models of granular avalanches in which the effects of intergranular fluid and cohesion are negligible. To test predictions of a granular avalanche model described in a companion paper, we performed bench top experiments involving avalanches of dry sand across irregular basal topography that mimicked the complexity of natural terrain. The experiments employed a novel method of laser-assisted cartography to map the three-dimensional morphology of rapidly moving avalanches, thereby providing high-resolution data for comparison with model output. Model input consisted of two material properties (angles of internal and basal Coulomb friction of the sand), which were measured in independent tests, and of initial and boundary conditions that characterized the geometry of the experimental apparatus. Experimental results demonstrate that the model accurately predicts not only the gross behavior but also many details of avalanche motion, from initiation to deposition. We attribute this accuracy to a mathematical and computational formulation that conserves mass and momentum in three-dimensional physical space and satisfies the Coulomb equation in three-dimensional stress space. Our results support the hypothesis that a Coulomb proportionality between shear and normal stresses applies in moderately rapid granular flows and that complicated constitutive postulates are unnecessary if momentum conservation is strictly enforced in continuum avalanche models. Furthermore, predictions of our Coulomb continuum model contrast with those of a Coulomb point mass model, illustrating the importance of multidimensional modeling and model testing. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Court 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM riverson@usgs.gov; mlogan@usgs.gov; roger@usgs.gov RI Namikawa, Laercio/C-5559-2013 OI Namikawa, Laercio/0000-0001-7847-1804 NR 32 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR 27 PY 2004 VL 109 IS F1 AR F01015 DI 10.1029/2003JF000084 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 863NW UT WOS:000224569700001 ER PT J AU Yuan, FS Linsley, BK Lund, SP McGeehin, JP AF Yuan, FS Linsley, BK Lund, SP McGeehin, JP TI A 1200 year record of hydrologic variability in the Sierra Nevada from sediments in Walker Lake, Nevada SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Walker Lake; oxygen isotopes; lake sediments; hydrologic variability; last millennium; Sierra Nevada; geochemistry : isotopic composition/chemistry; history of geophysics : hydrology; meteorology and atmospheric dynamics : paleoclimatology ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RECORD; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; PYRAMID LAKE; LAST MILLENNIUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC; OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION; SYSTEMS AB [1] Measurements of the oxygen isotopic composition (delta(18)O) of the total inorganic carbon (TIC) fraction from cored sediments of Walker Lake, Nevada, were conducted at an average resolution of similar to3 years per sample over the last 1200 years. On the basis of radiocarbon analysis on the total organic carbon (TOC) fraction, a delta(18)O time series was created to reconstruct changes in hydrologic conditions back to AD 800. The timings of variations in the TIC delta(18)O record are generally consistent with the tree ring-based Sacramento River flow record spanning AD 869 to 1977, indicating that Walker Lake delta(18)O contains information about past changes in at least regional hydrologic conditions. Comparison with the delta(18)O record from Pyramid Lake sediments indicates that both basins have recorded five century-scale oscillations in regional hydrologic conditions since AD 800. Several of these changes in hydrologic conditions appear synchronous with century-scale California Current water temperature changes derived from analysis of sediment cores from the Santa Barbara Basin also attesting to the regional extent of these climatic fluctuations. Nearly synchronous oscillations in the Sierra wetness and the California Current suggest that regional changes in atmospheric circulation may have played an important role in century-scale climate variability over the last millennium. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Yuan, FS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, 1380 A&M Circle, El Paso, TX 79927 USA. EM fyuan@tamu.edu; blinsley@albany.edu; slund@usc.edu; mcgeehin@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAR 25 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q03007 DI 10.1029/2003GC000652 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 809ES UT WOS:000220620600002 ER PT J AU Hodge, DL Subleski, JJ Reynolds, DA Buschman, MD Schill, WB Burkett, MW Malyguine, AM Young, H AF Hodge, DL Subleski, JJ Reynolds, DA Buschman, MD Schill, WB Burkett, MW Malyguine, AM Young, H TI The proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 is a potent inhibitor of apoptosis in natural killer cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting CY APR 17-21, 2004 CL Washington, DC C1 NCI, Expt Immunol Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Leetown, WV USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Clin Serv Program, Frederick, MD USA. NCI, FCRDC, Expt Immunol Lab, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 23 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 SU S BP A475 EP A475 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 806ZA UT WOS:000220470602288 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Palecki, MA Betancourt, JL AF McCabe, GJ Palecki, MA Betancourt, JL TI Pacific and Atlantic Ocean influences on multidecadal drought frequency in the United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURES AB More than half (52%) of the spatial and temporal variance in multidecadal drought frequency over the conterminous United States is attributable to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). An additional 22% of the variance in drought frequency is related to a complex spatial pattern of positive and negative trends in drought occurrence possibly related to increasing Northern Hemisphere temperatures or some other unidirectional climate trend. Recent droughts with broad impacts over the conterminous U.S. (1996, 1999-2002) were associated with North Atlantic warming (positive AMO) and northeastern and tropical Pacific cooling (negative PDO). Much of the long-term predictability of drought frequency may reside in the multidecadal behavior of the North Atlantic Ocean. Should the current positive AMO (warm North Atlantic) conditions persist into the upcoming decade, we suggest two possible drought scenarios that resemble the continental-scale patterns of the 1930s (positive PDO) and 1950s (negative PDO) drought. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Midw Reg Climate Ctr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 495 Z9 505 U1 6 U2 81 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 23 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 12 BP 4136 EP 4141 DI 10.1073/pnas.0306738101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 806ZQ UT WOS:000220472200028 PM 15016919 ER PT J AU Izbekov, P Gardner, JE Eichelberger, JC AF Izbekov, P Gardner, JE Eichelberger, JC TI Comagmatic granophyre and dacite from Karymsky volcanic center, Kamchatka: experimental constraints for magma storage conditions SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dacite; granophyre; calderas; Kamchatka Peninsula; experimental studies; petrology ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; FISH CANYON TUFF; FE-TI OXIDES; ERUPTIVE HISTORY; EVOLUTION; CHAMBER; SYSTEM; GEOCHEMISTRY; PHENOCRYSTS; TEMPERATURE AB Despite a similar to30 000 years difference in age, two caldera-forming eruptions at Karymsky volcanic center, Kamchatka-Karymsky (7900 yr BP) and Academy Nauk (ca. 40 000 yr BP) -produced two-pyroxene dacites with the same composition and mineralogy. Granophyric xenoliths of the identical whole-rock chemistry were found in basalts erupted within Academy Nauk caldera in 1996. Unlike the dacites, however, the granophyres are holocrystalline and contain biotite and amphibole. Large amphibole phenocrysts contain rare inclusions of clinopyroxenes, which compositionally overlap with clinopyroxenes in the dacites. The Al content of the amphibole suggests it grew at a pressure of about 100 MPa. Results of hydrothermal experiments and petrologic observations indicate that Academy Nauk and Karymsky dacites were last equilibrated at 883 +/- 19degreesC, 100 +/- 15 MPa and 871 +/- 19degreesC, 85 +/- 18 MPa, respectively, both at water-saturated conditions. The mineral assemblage of granophyre is reproduced by isobaric crystallization of the dacite at 100 MPa, implying that the granophyres were sampled from the crystallized silicic reservoir that produced the caldera-forming eruption of Academy Nauk. Similar chemical compositions of Karymsky and Academy Nauk dacites indicate that both were derived from the same crustal-level source. The eruptive history of the calderas can best be explained by two 10-12-km(3) dacitic batches that detached from a parental body situated in the lower crust, then ascended to 3-4 km depth, re-equilibrated, and erupted. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Izbekov, P (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pavel@gi.alaska.edu RI Gardner, James/H-1713-2011; Izbekov, Pavel/B-5110-2010; Eichelberger, John/H-6199-2016 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2004 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00312-3 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 775FM UT WOS:000189030100001 ER PT J AU Barnard, PL Owen, LA Finkel, RC AF Barnard, PL Owen, LA Finkel, RC TI Style and timing of glacial and paraglacial sedimentation in a monsoon-influenced high Himalayan environment, the upper Bhagirathi Valley, Garhwal Himalaya SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE paraglaciation; cosmogenic radionuclide dating; himalaya; climate; gangotri glacier ID LATE QUATERNARY GLACIATIONS; CENTRAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; PRODUCTION-RATES; LAHUL-HIMALAYA; NORTHERN INDIA; ALLUVIAL FANS; SOUTH; GEOMORPHOLOGY; LAURENTIDE AB The Gangotri Glacier, at the source of the Ganges River, has fluctuated greatly throughout the late Quaternary in response to climatic oscillations. This has resulted in impressive moraines, paraglacial debris flow fans and terraces along the upper stretches of the Bhagirathi Valley. Cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) dating of glacial and paraglacial landforms shows that fans, terraces and associated moraines formed approximately synchronously as the landscape readjusted to changing environmental conditions. This synchronicity suggests that fan and terrace formation is intimately related to glaciation, and that fluctuations in glacial and associated environments during times of climatic instability cause rapid sediment transfer and resedimentation of glacial landforms. The CRN dates show that all existing glacial and paraglacial landforms in the upper Bhagirathi Valley formed during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. This demonstrates that, in this high mountain environment, paraglacial and glacial landforms are eroded and resedimented within about 20,000 years. Furthermore, this testifies to the dynamic nature of glacial environments in monsoon-influenced high mountain regions. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridge Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pbarnard@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD MAR 15 PY 2004 VL 165 IS 3-4 BP 199 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2003.11.009 PG 23 WC Geology SC Geology GA 805VV UT WOS:000220394700002 ER PT J AU Bavec, M Tulaczyk, SM Mahan, SA Stock, GM AF Bavec, M Tulaczyk, SM Mahan, SA Stock, GM TI Late Quaternary glaciation of the Upper Soca River Region (Southern Julian Alps, NW Slovenia) SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Quaternary; glacial gelogy; glacial extent; mass flows; modeling ID EQUILIBRIUM-LINE ALTITUDES; DEBRIS-FLOW FACIES; TILL FABRICS; STRATIGRAPHY; SEDIMENTS; AREA AB Extent of Late Quaternary glaciers in the Upper So a River Region (Southern Julian Alps, SE Europe) has been analyzed using a combination of geological mapping, glaciological modeling, and sediment dating (radiocarbon, U/Th series and Infrared Stimulated Luminescence-IRSL). Field investigations focused mainly on relatively well preserved Quaternary sequences in the Bovec Basin, an intramontane basin located SW of the Mediterranean/Black Sea divide and surrounded by mountain peaks reaching from approximately 2100 up to 2587 in a.s.l. Within the Basin we recognized two Late Quaternary sedimentary assemblages, which consist of the same facies association of diamictons, laminated lacustrine deposits and sorted fluvial sediments. Radiocarbon dating of the upper part of the lake sediments sequence (between 12790 +/- 85 and 5885 +/- 60 C-14 years b.p.) indicates that the younger sedimentary assemblage was deposited during the last glacial maximum and through early Holocene (Marine Isotope Stage 21, MIS 2-1). Sediment ages obtained for the older assemblage with U/Th and IRSL techniques (between 154.74 +/- 22.88 and 129.93 +/- 7.90 ka b.p. for selected samples) have large errors but both methods yield results consistent with deposition during the penultimate glacial-interglacial transition (MIS 6-5). Based on analyses of field data combined with glaciological modeling, we argue that both sediment complexes formed due to high sediment productivity spurred by paraglacial conditions with glaciers present in the uplands around the Bovec Basin but not extending down to the basin floor. Our study shows that the extent and intensity of direct glacial sedimentation by Late Quaternary glaciers in the region was previously significantly overestimated. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Geol Survey Slovenia, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Luminescence Dating Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bavec, M (reprint author), Geol Survey Slovenia, Dimiceva 14, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. EM milos.bavec@geo-zs.si OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 61 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD MAR 15 PY 2004 VL 165 IS 3-4 BP 265 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2003.11.011 PG 19 WC Geology SC Geology GA 805VV UT WOS:000220394700005 ER PT J AU Alatalo, RV Aragon, S Aviles, JM Barbosa, A Gomes, CB Cadee, N Christe, P Cuervo, JJ Diaz, M Erritzoe, J Galeotti, P Garamszegi, LZ Gil, D Gontard-Danek, M Legendre, S Martin, TE Martinez, J Martin-Vivaldi, M Martinez, JG Merino, S Moreno, J Mousseau, T Ninni, P Petrie, M Pulido, F Rubolini, D Saino, N Soler, JJ Soler, M Spottiswoode, C Szep, T Thornhill, R Zamora, C Sacchi, R AF Alatalo, RV Aragon, S Aviles, JM Barbosa, A Gomes, CB Cadee, N Christe, P Cuervo, JJ Diaz, M Erritzoe, J Galeotti, P Garamszegi, LZ Gil, D Gontard-Danek, M Legendre, S Martin, TE Martinez, J Martin-Vivaldi, M Martinez, JG Merino, S Moreno, J Mousseau, T Ninni, P Petrie, M Pulido, F Rubolini, D Saino, N Soler, JJ Soler, M Spottiswoode, C Szep, T Thornhill, R Zamora, C Sacchi, R TI Support for a colleague SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Jyvaskyla 40500, Finland. Univ Paris 06, Mol Endocrinol Lab, F-75252 Paris 05, France. CSIC, Dept Ecol Func & Evolut, Estac Expt Zonas Aridas, E-04001 Almeria, Spain. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7103, Lab Parasitol Evolut, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Lausanne, Inst Ecol, Lab Zool & Anim Ecol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Castilla La Mancha, Fac Ciencias Med Ambiente, Dept Ciencias Ambientales, E-45071 Toledo, Spain. Taps Old Rectory, DK-6070 Christiansfeld, Denmark. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Biol Anim, Lab Ecoetol, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Ecol Evolut, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Ecole Normale Super, Lab Ecol Ecoevolutionary Team, F-75230 Paris 05, France. Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Avian Studies Program, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Alcala de Henares, Fac Farm, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Alcala De Henares 28871, Spain. Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Anim & Ecol, E-18071 Granada, Spain. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Psychol, Evolut & Behav Res Grp, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Extremadura, Grp Invest Forestal, Dept Biol & Prod Vegetales, EIT Forestal, Plasencia 10600, Caceres, Spain. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Biol, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. Coll Nyiregyhaza, Dept Environm Sci, H-4401 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Alatalo, RV (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Survontie 9, Jyvaskyla 40500, Finland. RI Merino, Santiago/A-6183-2008; Garamszegi, Laszlo/B-5089-2011; Soler, Juan/H-2363-2011; Pulido, Fernando/A-2031-2009; Cuervo, Jose Javier/K-1646-2014; Martinez, Juan Gabriel/L-9471-2014; Evolutionary Ecology, Ecologia Evolutiva/M-3553-2014; Martinez, Javier/H-2827-2015; Garamszegi, Laszlo/M-1488-2015; Zamora-Munoz, Carmen/K-7050-2014; Aviles, Jesus/K-3332-2014 OI Soler, Juan/0000-0003-2990-1489; Cuervo, Jose Javier/0000-0001-7943-7835; Martinez, Juan Gabriel/0000-0001-5277-4620; Martinez, Javier/0000-0003-2657-1154; Garamszegi, Laszlo/0000-0001-8920-2183; Zamora-Munoz, Carmen/0000-0002-3037-1529; Aviles, Jesus/0000-0002-1463-8393 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 12 PY 2004 VL 303 IS 5664 BP 1612 EP 1612 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 802GG UT WOS:000220151400019 PM 15016981 ER PT J AU Schulte-Pelkum, V Earle, PS Vernon, FL AF Schulte-Pelkum, V Earle, PS Vernon, FL TI Strong directivity of ocean-generated seismic noise SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ocean microseisms; climate change; seismic networks; global change : oceans (4203); oceanography : general : climate and interannual variability (3309); seismology : surface waves and free oscillations ID WAVE CLIMATE; MICROSEISMS; POLARIZATION; PACIFIC; ARRAY AB We measure direction and amplitude of ocean-generated continuous seismic noise in the western United States. Slowness direction of the noise is determined using array beamforming, and particle motion direction from individual three-component stations. We find two surprising results. First, the noise is highly monodirectional at all sites, regardless of coastal distance. A single narrow generation area dominates for most of the time period, interrupted by a second well defined direction during ocean swell events. Second, we find that a storm off the Labrador coast with not unusual wave heights generates coherent noise across the entire continent. We show the causal relationship between swells arriving at different North American coastal areas and the triggered microseisms in time-lapse movies (Animations 1 and 2) of ocean swells and concurrent microseisms. Our results have a number of implications for different fields of research. A useful by-product of our finding that microseisms are a strongly directional noise source is the possibility of using automated processing of the continuous noise as a near real-time check on station polarity and calibration problems, which would be a simply implemented indicator for the state of health of a seismic network. Consistent monodirectional noise may have an influence on seismic azimuthal measurements such as shear wave splitting. Most importantly, our findings should be taken into account in proposed studies which will use seismic noise as a proxy for ocean wave height in investigations of interdecadal climate change. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Schulte-Pelkum, V (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM vera_sp@cires.colorado.edu OI Schulte-Pelkum, Vera/0000-0002-6057-5637 NR 18 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAR 11 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q03004 DI 10.1029/2003GC000520 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 806KG UT WOS:000220432200001 ER PT J AU Patrick, MR Dehn, J Dean, K AF Patrick, MR Dehn, J Dean, K TI Numerical modeling of lava flow cooling applied to the 1997 Okmok eruption: Approach and analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Okmok; numerical modeling; lava cooling; Alaska ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; MOUNT-ETNA; HEAT-TRANSFER; LAKE; VOLCANO; BASALT; CRYSTALLIZATION; TEMPERATURES; CHANNEL; ALASKA AB Throughout February and March of 1997 Okmok Volcano, in the eastern Aleutian Islands of Alaska, erupted a 6 km long lava flow of basaltic 'a'a within its caldera. A numerical model for lava flow cooling was developed and applied to the flow to better understand the nature of its cooling. Radiation and convection from the surface, as well as conduction to the ground, were used to transport the flow's heat to its surroundings in the model. Internally, a conduction-only approach moved heat from the interior outward. Vesiculation, latent heat generation, and thermal conductivity changes with temperature are among the other factors that were dynamically accounted for. Results indicate that ambient temperature fluctuations, on the scale of days to weeks, must be taken into account to create an accurate short-term prediction of lava surface temperature. Daily data of rainfall and ambient temperature, as opposed to yearly averages, greatly increased the accuracy of the model. Furthermore, convective cooling of the lava surface was observed to be a dominant heat loss process during the first 200 days, indicating the convective heat transfer coefficient is a prime determinant of the accuracy of the model for predicting surface temperatures. Over a longer cooling period ( 2 years), thermal conductivity and porosity proved to be among the dominating factors for heat loss because of the limiting role of conductive heat flow in the interior. The model's flexibility allows application to flows other than the 1997 Okmok eruption. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Patrick, MR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 1680 E West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM patrick@higp.hawaii.edu NR 62 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 11 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B3 AR B03202 DI 10.1029/2003JB002537 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 806KY UT WOS:000220434000001 ER PT J AU Lapenis, AG Lawrence, GB Andreev, AA Bobrov, AA Torn, MS Harden, JW AF Lapenis, AG Lawrence, GB Andreev, AA Bobrov, AA Torn, MS Harden, JW TI Acidification of forest soil in Russia: From 1893 to present SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE acidic deposition; biogeochemical cycles; soil ID ACID-RAIN; DEPOSITION; RHIZOPODA; CHEMISTRY; PROTOZOA; SPRUCE; PH AB It is commonly believed that fine-textured soils developed on carbonate parent material are well buffered from possible acidification. There are no data, however, that document resistance of such soils to acidic deposition exposure on a timescale longer than 30-40 years. In this paper, we report on directly testing the long-term buffering capacity of nineteenth century forest soils developed on calcareous silt loam. In a chemical analysis comparing archived soils with modern soils collected from the same locations similar to100 years later, we found varying degrees of forest-soil acidification in the taiga and forest steppe regions. Land-use history, increases in precipitation, and acidic deposition were contributing factors in acidification. The acidification of forest soil was documented through decreases in soil pH and changes in concentrations of exchangeable calcium and aluminum, which corresponded with changes in communities of soil microfauna. Although acidification was found at all three analyzed locations, the trends in soil chemistry were most pronounced where the highest loading of acidic deposition had taken place. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Dept Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Geog, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lapenis, AG (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Dept Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM alapenis@albany.edu; glawrenc@usgs.gov; aandreev@awi-potsdam.de; anatoly@bobrov.soils.msu.su; mstorn@lbl.gov; jharden@usgs.gov RI Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Andreev, Andrei/J-2701-2015 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR 10 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 AR GB1037 DI 10.1029/2003GB002107 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806KN UT WOS:000220432900002 ER PT J AU van de Flierdt, T Frank, M Halliday, AN Hein, JR Hattendorf, B Gunther, D Kubik, PW AF van de Flierdt, T Frank, M Halliday, AN Hein, JR Hattendorf, B Gunther, D Kubik, PW TI Deep and bottom water export from the Southern Ocean to the Pacific over the past 38 million years SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Pacific Ocean; deep water circulation; radiogenic isotopes ID FE-MN CRUSTS; FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS; LEAD ISOTOPES; PB ISOTOPES; NEW-ZEALAND; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; SOUTHWEST PACIFIC; SAMOAN PASSAGE; MIDDLE MIOCENE; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB The application of radiogenic isotopes to the study of Cenozoic circulation patterns in the South Pacific Ocean has been hampered by the fact that records from only equatorial Pacific deep water have been available. We present new Pb and Nd isotope time series for two ferromanganese crusts that grew from equatorial Pacific bottom water (D137-01, "Nova," 7219 m water depth) and southwest Pacific deep water (63KD, "Tasman," 1700 m water depth). The crusts were dated using (10)Be/(9) Be ratios combined with constant Co-flux dating and yield time series for the past 38 and 23 Myr, respectively. The surface Nd and Pb isotope distributions are consistent with the present-day circulation pattern, and therefore the new records are considered suitable to reconstruct Eocene through Miocene paleoceanography for the South Pacific. The isotope time series of crusts Nova and Tasman suggest that equatorial Pacific deep water and waters from the Southern Ocean supplied the dissolved trace metals to both sites over the past 38 Myr. Changes in the isotopic composition of crust Nova are interpreted to reflect development of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and changes in Pacific deep water circulation caused by the build up of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The Nd isotopic composition of the shallower water site in the southwest Pacific appears to have been more sensitive to circulation changes resulting from closure of the Indonesian seaway. C1 ETH Honggerberg, Inst Particle Phys, Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ETH Zentrum, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Isotope Geol & Mineral Resources, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. ETH, Dept Chem, Inorgan Chem Lab, Zurich, Switzerland. RP van de Flierdt, T (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM tina@ldeo.columbia.edu NR 93 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD MAR 10 PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 AR PA1020 DI 10.1029/2003PA000923 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 806LD UT WOS:000220434500001 ER PT J AU Iverson, RM AF Iverson, RM TI Comment on "Piezometric response in shallow bedrock at CB1: Implications for runoff generation and landsliding'' by David R. Montgomery, William E. Dietrich, and John T. Heffner SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE landslide; rainfall; piezometry ID MODEL C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM riverson@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR 9 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 AR W03801 DI 10.1029/2003WR002077 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 806LF UT WOS:000220434700001 ER PT J AU Plescia, JB AF Plescia, JB TI Morphometric properties of Martian volcanoes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; volcanism; basaltic shield; highland patera ID OLYMPUS-MONS; ALBA-PATERA; THARSIS VOLCANOS; TYRRHENA-PATERA; LASER ALTIMETER; GROUND ICE; ARSIA MONS; MARS; GEOLOGY; THOLUS AB [1] Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data have been used to construct Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of the Martian volcanoes in order to determine height, flank slope, caldera depth, and volumes. Summit elevations range from 21.1 km to - 0.5 km, and relief varies from 1.0 km to almost 22 km. Average flank slopes are in the range of < 1&DEG; to &SIM; 10&DEG;, consistent with basaltic shield volcanism. The very low slopes of highland patera are also consistent with pyroclastic volcanism. Minimum volumes range from < 10(12) to 10(15) m(3). Estimates of the time required to build these volcanoes, on the basis of long-term terrestrial eruption rates, range from hundreds of thousands to tens of millions of years. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Plescia, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jplescia@usgs.gov RI Plescia, Jeffrey/B-7738-2016 NR 77 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 109 IS E3 AR E03003 DI 10.1029/2002JE002031 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 803JB UT WOS:000220226300001 ER PT J AU Haberle, RM Mattingly, B Titus, TN AF Haberle, RM Mattingly, B Titus, TN TI Reconciling different observations of the CO2 ice mass loading of the Martian north polar cap SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MARS; SIMULATIONS; CLOUDS AB The GRS measurements of the peak mass loading of the north polar CO2 ice cap on Mars are about 60% lower than those calculated from MGS TES radiation data and those inferred from the MOLA cap thicknesses. However, the GRS data provide the most accurate measurement of the mass loading. We show that the TES and MOLA data can be reconciled with the GRS data if ( 1) subsurface heat conduction and atmospheric heat transport are included in the TES mass budget calculations, and ( 2) the density of the polar deposits is similar to600 kg m(-3). The latter is much less than that expected for slab ice (similar to 1600 kg m(-3)) and suggests that processes unique to the north polar region are responsible for the low cap density. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Haberle, RM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM robert.m.haberle@nasa.gov NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 5 AR L05702 DI 10.1029/2004GL019445 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 803HV UT WOS:000220223100007 ER PT J AU Kinney, CA Mosier, AR Ferrer, I Furlong, ET Mandernack, KW AF Kinney, CA Mosier, AR Ferrer, I Furlong, ET Mandernack, KW TI Effects of the herbicides prosulfuron and metolachlor on fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 in a fertilized Colorado grassland soil SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE herbicides; trace gases; prosulfuron; metolachlor; fluxes ID ACCELERATED SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; TROPICAL RICE SOIL; METHANE OXIDATION; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; FOREST SOILS; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; TEMPERATE FOREST; LAND-USE; DENITRIFICATION AB [1] The effect that pesticides have on trace gas production and consumption in agricultural soils is often overlooked. Independent field and laboratory experiments were used to measure the effects that the commonly used herbicides prosulfuron and metolachlor have on trace gas fluxes (CO2, N2O, and CH4) from fertilized soil of the Colorado shortgrass steppe. Separate sample plots (1 m(2)) on tilled and no-till soil at the sites included the following treatments: 1) a control without fertilizer or herbicide, 2) a fertilized (NH4NO3 equivalent to 244 kg ha(-1)) control without herbicide, 3) and fertilized plots amended with an herbicide ( prosulfuron equivalent to 0.46 kg ha(-1) 57% by weight active ingredient or metolachlor equivalent to 5.7 L ha(-1), 82.4% by weight active ingredient). During an initial study of one year duration, measurement of gas exchange revealed that prosulfuron-amendment stimulated N2O emissions and CH4 consumption by as much as 1600% and 1300% during a single measurement, respectively. During a second set of flux measurements beginning in August 2001, more frequent weekly measurements were made during a twelve week period. From this second study an increased N2O efflux and CH4 uptake occurred after a 7-week lag period that persisted for about 5 weeks. These changes in gas flux amounted to an overall increase of 41% and 30% for N2O emission and CH4 consumption, respectively. The co-occurrence of stimulated N-2O and CH4 fluxes suggests a similar cause that is related to prosulfuron degradation. Evidence suggested that prosulfuron degradation stimulated microbial activity responsible for trace gas flux. Ultimately, prosulfuron-amendment led to an -50% reduction in the global warming potential from N2O and CH4 fluxes at this field site, which is equivalent to a reduction of the global warming potential of 0.18 mols CO2 m(-2) d(-1) from these gases. Metolachlor application did not significantly affect the trace gas fluxes measured. These results demonstrate the potential impact that pesticides have on trace gas fluxes from agricultural soils, which could mean that the effects of other agricultural practices have been over or under estimated. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Kinney, CA (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM cakinney@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851 NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D5 AR D05304 DI 10.1029/2003JD003656 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 803IN UT WOS:000220224900002 ER PT J AU Kinney, CA Mosier, AR Ferrer, I Furlong, ET Mandernack, KW AF Kinney, CA Mosier, AR Ferrer, I Furlong, ET Mandernack, KW TI Effects of the fungicides mancozeb and chlorothalonil on fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 in a fertilized Colorado grassland soil SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE fungicides; trace gases fluxes; radiactive forcing ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; TROPICAL RICE SOIL; METHANE OXIDATION; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; FLOODED RICE; FOREST SOILS; NITRIC-OXIDE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DEGRADATION AB [1] Management of agricultural soil plays an important role in present and future atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4). Pesticides are used as management tools in crop production, but little is known about their effects on soil-atmosphere exchange of CO2, N2O, and CH4. Field studies described in this paper determined the effect of two commonly used fungicides, mancozeb and chlorothalonil, on trace gas exchange. Separate experimental plots, 1 m 2, were established in nitrogen fertilized no-tilled native grassland and tilled soils with and without fungicide application. Two studies were conducted. The first study was initiated in June 1999 and lasted for 1 year with monthly flux measurements from tilled and no-till soils. The second study commenced in August 2001 with twelve weekly measurements from tilled soils only. From both studies mancozeb suppressed emissions of CO2 and N2O in the tilled soil by an average of 28% and 47%, respectively. This suppression corresponded with efficacy periods of 14-29 and 56-77 days, respectively. From the no-till soils mancozeb decreased CO2 and N2O emissions by 33% and 80% for periods of 29 and 94 days, respectively. Mancozeb inhibited CH4 consumption in the first study by 46% and 71% in the tilled and no-till soil for periods of 8 and 29 days, respectively, but had no effect in the second study. From both studies chlorothalonil initially suppressed CO2 and N2O emissions and enhanced CH4 uptake in the tilled soil by an average of 37%, 40%, and 115%, respectively. These effects corresponded with efficacy periods of 14-29, 21 - 56, and 1 - 14 days, respectively. In the no-till soil chlorothalonil inhibited CO2 and N2O emissions and enhanced CH4 uptake by 29%, 48%, and 86% for periods of 29, 56, and 56 days, respectively. Following the initial period of suppression, chlorothalonil subsequently enhanced N2O emissions in the tilled soil by an average of 51% and in the no-till soil by 81% before returning to near background levels. The beginning of increased N2O emissions from the chlorothalonil-amended plots corresponded with a maximum soil concentration of the chlorothalonil degradate, 4-hydroxy-2, 5, 6-trichloroisophthalonitrile. The site specific global warming potential (GWP) resulting from the fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 from all soils was determined to decrease by an average 26% and 21% as a result of a single application of mancozeb or chlorothalonil, respectively. The decrease in CO2 emissions in the fungicide-amended plots potentially could result in the conservation of as much as 1200 and 2400 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1) organic carbon in the tilled and no-till plots, respectively. Therefore it is feasible that application of certain fungicides to agricultural soil might lead to enhanced soil carbon sequestration and thus have additional positive effects on atmospheric CO2 concentrations. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Mandernack, KW (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kmandern@mines.edu RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851 NR 82 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D5 AR D05303 DI 10.1029/2003JD003655 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 803IN UT WOS:000220224900001 ER PT J AU Takesue, RK van Geen, A Carriquiry, JD Ortiz, E Godinez-Orta, L Granados, I Saldivar, M Ortlieb, L Escribano, R Guzman, N Castilla, JC Varas, M Salamanca, M Figueroa, C AF Takesue, RK van Geen, A Carriquiry, JD Ortiz, E Godinez-Orta, L Granados, I Saldivar, M Ortlieb, L Escribano, R Guzman, N Castilla, JC Varas, M Salamanca, M Figueroa, C TI Influence of coastal upwelling and El Nino-Southern Oscillation on nearshore water along Baja California and Chile: Shore-based monitoring during 1997-2000 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE coastal upwelling; cadmium; nutrients; El Nino; Chile; Baja California ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; CURRENT SYSTEM; LA-NINA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PHOSPHORUS REGENERATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SUBOXIC SEDIMENTS; CADMIUM AB [ 1] In order to determine the sensitivity of coastal upwelling tracers to seasonal wind forcing and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) off Baja California and Chile, nearshore salinity, cadmium (Cd), and nutrients phosphate, silicate, nitrate+ nitrite were monitored in surf zone waters at six locations along the North and South American coasts during 1997-2000. The clearest responses to upwelling favorable wind forcing were observed at the southern tip of Baja California (23.3degreesN) and off central- southern Chile (36.5degreesS). Upwelling tracers at 23.3degrees N were also the most sensitive to El Nino: average summer Cd and nutrient enrichments were 60% lower following El Nino than during the previous non-El Nino upwelling season. At two sites on the northern and central Chile coasts, conditions associated with El Nino resulted in salinity anomalies >1. Such large shifts in nearshore water properties suggest it may be possible to reconstruct past ENSO patterns from geochemical paleonutrient/paleosalinity proxy records preserved in nearshore archives such as mollusc or foraminifera shells. C1 Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, La Paz 23000, BCS, Mexico. Inst Rech Dev, UR PALEOTROPIQUE, F-93143 Bondy, France. Univ Concepcion, Ctr Oceanog Pacifico Oriental, Concepcion, Chile. Univ Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Ctr Estudios Avanzados Ecol & Biodivers, Santiago, Chile. Univ Concepcion, Dept Oceanog, Fac Ciencias Nat & Oceanog, Concepcion, Chile. RP Takesue, RK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rtakesue@usgs.gov RI ORTLIEB, Luc/A-8801-2011 NR 80 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C3 AR C03009 DI 10.1029/2003JC001856 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 803IU UT WOS:000220225600004 ER PT J AU Moore, DE Lockner, DA AF Moore, DE Lockner, DA TI Crystallographic controls on the frictional behavior of dry and water-saturated sheet structure minerals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE frictional strength; fault gouge; sheet silicates ID THIN LIQUID-FILMS; RESIDUAL STRENGTH; SURFACE-ENERGY; GOUGE; FAULT; SILICA; PYROPHYLLITE; SUBSTITUTION; DEFORMATION; ANISOTROPY AB [1] We compare the frictional strengths of 17 sheet structure mineral powders, measured under dry and water-saturated conditions, to identify the factors that cause many of them to be relatively weak. The dry coefficient of friction m ranges upward from 0.2 for graphite, leveling off at 0.8 for margarite, clintonite, gibbsite, kaolinite, and lizardite. The values of mu (dry) correlate directly with calculated (001) interlayer bond strengths of the minerals. This correlation occurs because shear becomes localized along boundary and Riedel shears and the platy minerals in them rotate into alignment with the shear planes. For those gouges with mu (dry) < 0.8, shear occurs by breaking the interlayer bonds to form new cleavage surfaces. Where mu (dry) = 0.8, consistent with Byerlee's law, the interlayer bonds are sufficiently strong that other frictional processes dominate. The transition in dry friction mechanisms corresponds to calculated surface energies of 2 - 3 J/m(2). Adding water causes mu to decrease for every mineral tested except graphite. If the minerals are separated into groups with similar crystal structures, mu (wet) increases with increasing interlayer bond strength within each group. This relationship also holds for the swelling clay montmorillonite, whose water-saturated strength is consistent with the strengths of nonswelling clays of similar crystal structure. Water in the saturated gouges forms thin, structured films between the plate surfaces. The polar water molecules are bonded to the plate surfaces in proportion to the mineral's surface energy, and mu (wet) reflects the stresses required to shear through the water films. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moore, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmoore@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 3 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B3 AR B03401 DI 10.1029/2003JB002582 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 803JI UT WOS:000220227000001 ER PT J AU Houseknecht, DW Bird, KJ AF Houseknecht, DW Bird, KJ TI Sequence stratigraphy of the Kingak Shale (Jurassic-lower cretaceous), national petroleum reserve in Alaska SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BASIN; UNITS AB Beaufortian strata (Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous) in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA) are a focus of exploration since the 1994 discovery of the nearby Alpine oil field (>400 MMBO). These strata include the Kingak Shale, a succession of depositional sequences influenced by rift opening of the Arctic Ocean Basin. Interpretation of sequence stratigraphy and depositional facies from a regional two-dimensional seismic grid and well data allows the definition of four sequence sets that each displays unique stratal geometries and thickness trends across NPRA. A Lower to Middle Jurassic sequence set includes numerous transgressive-regressive sequences that collectively built a clastic shelf in north-central NPRA. Along the south-facing, lobate shelf margin, condensed shales in transgressive systems tracts downlap and coalesce into a basinal condensed section that is likely an important hydrocarbon source rock. An Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian sequence set, deposited during pulses of uplift on the Barrow arch, includes multiple transgressive-regressive sequences that locally contain well-winnowed, shoreface sandstones at the base of transgressive systems tracts. These shoreface sandstones and overlying shales, deposited during maximum flooding, form stratigraphic traps that are the main objective of exploration in the Alpine play in NPRA. A Valanginian sequence set includes at least two transgressive-regressive sequences that display relatively distal characteristics, suggesting high relative sea level. An important exception is the presence of a basal transgressive systems tract that locally contains shoreface sandstones of reservoir quality, A Hauterivian sequence set includes two transgressive-regressive sequences that constitute a shelf-margin wedge developed as the result of tectonic uplift along the Barrow arch during rift opening of the Arctic Ocean Basin. This sequence set displays stratal geometries suggesting incision and synsedimentary collapse of the shelf margin. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Houseknecht, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM dhouse@usgs.gov; kbird@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 88 IS 3 BP 279 EP 302 DI 10.1306/10220303068 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 801UB UT WOS:000220119700002 ER PT J AU Schneeweiss, GM Palomeque, T Colwell, AE Weiss-Schneeweiss, H AF Schneeweiss, GM Palomeque, T Colwell, AE Weiss-Schneeweiss, H TI Chromosome numbers and karyotype evolution in holoparasitic Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) and related genera SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE chromosome number evolution; Cistanche; Diphelypaea; karyotype evolution; Orobanche; Phelipanche ID GENOME AB Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of species of Orobanche, Cistanche, and Diphelypaea (Orobanchaceae) were investigated, and 108 chromosome counts of 53 taxa, 19 counted for the first time, are presented with a thorough compilation of previously published data. Additionally, karyotypes of representatives of these genera, including Orobanche sects. Orobanche and Trionychon, are reported. Cistanche (x=20) has large meta- to submetacentric chromosomes, while those of Diphelypaea (x=19) are medium-sized submeta- to acrocentrics. Within three analyzed sections of Orobanche, sects. Myzorrhiza (x=24) and Trionychon (x=12) possess medium-sized submeta- to acrocentrics, while sect. Orobanche (x=19) has small, mostly meta- to submetacentric, chromosomes. Polyploidy is unevenly distributed in Orobanche and restricted to a few lineages, e.g., O. sect. Myzorrhiza or Orobanche gracilis and its relatives (sect. Orobanche). The distribution of basic chromosome numbers supports the groups found by molecular phylogenetic analyses: Cistanche has x=20, the Orobanche-group (Orobanche sect. Orobanche, Diphelypaea) has x=19, and the Phelipanche-group (Orobanche sects. Gymnocaulis, Myzorrhiza, Trionychon) has x=12, 24. A model of chromosome number evolution in Orobanche and related genera is presented: from two ancestral base numbers, x(h)=5 and x(h)=6, independent polyploidizations led to x=20 (Cistanche) and (after dysploidization) x=19 (Orobanche-group) and to x=12 and x=24 (Phelipanche-group), respectively. C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Bot, Dept Higher Plant Systemat & Evolut, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. Univ Jaen, Dept Biol Expt, Area Genet, Jaen 23071, Spain. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Schneeweiss, GM (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Bot, Dept Higher Plant Systemat & Evolut, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. EM hanna.weiss@univie.ac.at RI Schneeweiss, Gerald/B-4344-2013; Schneeweiss, Hanna/B-4011-2013; Palomeque, Teresa/H-6365-2015; OI Schneeweiss, Gerald/0000-0003-2811-3317; Palomeque, Teresa/0000-0002-7144-4931; Schneeweiss, Hanna/0000-0002-9530-6808 NR 32 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 91 IS 3 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.3732/ajb.91.3.439 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 804XQ UT WOS:000220331800015 PM 21653400 ER PT J AU Jones, GD Whitaker, FF Smart, PL Sanford, WE AF Jones, GD Whitaker, FF Smart, PL Sanford, WE TI Numerical analysis of seawater circulation in carbonate platforms: II. The dynamic interaction between geothermal and brine reflux circulation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CANADA SEDIMENTARY BASIN; FLUID-FLOW CONSTRAINTS; REGIONAL-SCALE DOLOMITIZATION; FREE THERMOHALINE CONVECTION; DENSITY GROUNDWATER-FLOW; MASSIVE DOLOMITE; COASTAL SABKHA; UPPER MIOCENE; MEXICO BASIN; POROUS-MEDIA AB Density-driven seawater circulation may occur in carbonate platforms due to geothermal heating and/or reflux of water of elevated salinity. In geothermal circulation lateral contrasts in temperature between seawater and platform groundwaters warmed by the geothermal heat flux result in upward convective flow, with colder seawater drawn into the platform at depth. With reflux circulation, platform-top waters concentrated by evaporation flow downward, displacing less dense underlying groundwaters. We have used a variable density groundwater flow model to examine the pattern, magnitude and interaction of these two different circulation mechanisms, for mesosaline platform-top waters (50 parts per thousand) and brines concentrated up to saturation with respect to gypsum (150 parts per thousand) and halite (246 parts per thousand). Geothermal circulation, most active around the platform margin, becomes restricted and eventually shut-off by reflux of brines from the platform interior towards the margin. The persistence of geothermal circulation is dependent on the rate of brine reflux, which is proportional to the concentration of platform-top brines and also critically dependent on the magnitude and distribution of permeability. Low permeability evaporites can severely restrict reflux whereas high permeability units in hydraulic continuity enhance brine transport. Reduction in permeability with depth and anisotropy of permeability (kv < < kh) focuses flow laterally in the shallow subsurface (<1 km), resulting in a horizontally elongated brine plume. Aquifer porosity and dispersivity are relatively minor controls on reflux. Platform brines can entrain surficial seawater when brine generating conditions cease but the platform-top remains submerged, a variant of reflux we term "latent reflux". Brines concentrated up to gypsum saturation have relatively long residence times of at least 100 times the duration of the reflux event. They thus represent a long-term control on post-reflux groundwater circulation, and consequently on the rates and spatial patterns of shallow burial diagenesis, such as dolomitization. C1 Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Jones, GD (reprint author), ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co, POB 2189, Houston, TX 77027 USA. EM gareth.d.jones@cxxonmobile.com NR 94 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 304 IS 3 BP 250 EP 284 DI 10.2475/ajs.304.3.250 PG 35 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 821ZW UT WOS:000221503200003 ER PT J AU Cacchione, DA Pratson, LF AF Cacchione, DA Pratson, LF TI Internal tides and the continental slope SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article ID WAVE REFLECTION C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Cacchione, DA (reprint author), CME, 844 Newport Circle, Redwood City, CA 94065 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 92 IS 2 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1511/2004.46.924 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 773CE UT WOS:000188879500017 ER PT J AU Ferrer, I Heine, CE Thurman, EM AF Ferrer, I Heine, CE Thurman, EM TI Combination of LC/TOF-MS and LC/ion trap MS/MS for the identification of diphenhydramine in sediment samples SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACCURATE MASS; WASTE-WATER; PHARMACEUTICALS; CONTAMINANTS; METABOLITE AB Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is a popular over-the-counter antihistaminic medication used for the treatment of allergies. After consumption, excretion, and subsequent discharge from wastewater treatment plants, it is possible that diphenhydramine will be found in environmental sediments due to its hydrophobicity (log P = 3.27). This work describes a methodology for the first unequivocal determination of diphenhydramine bound to environmental sediments. The drug is removed from the sediments by accelerated solvent extraction and then analyzed by liquid chromatography with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and an ion trap mass spectrometer. This combination of techniques provided unequivocal identification and confirmation of diphenhydramine in two sediment samples. The accurate mass measurements of the protonated molecules were m/z 256.1703 and 256.1696 compared to the calculated mass of m/z 256.1701, resulting in errors of 0.8 and 2.3 ppm. Ibis mass accuracy was sufficient to verify the elemental composition of diphenhydramine in each sample. Furthermore, accurate mass measurements of the primary fragment ion were obtained. This work is the first application of time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the identification of diphenhydramine and shows the accumulation of an over-the-counter medication in aquatic sediments at five different locations. C1 Waters Corp, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ferrer, I (reprint author), Univ Almeria, Dept Hydrogeol & Analyt Chem, Almeria 04120, Spain. EM immaferrer@menta.net RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008 OI Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851 NR 15 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1437 EP 1444 DI 10.1021/ac034794m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 779BE UT WOS:000189275100033 PM 14987101 ER PT J AU Brown, CJ Schoonen, MAA AF Brown, CJ Schoonen, MAA TI The origin of high sulfate concentrations in a coastal plain aquifer, Long Island, New York SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEW-JERSEY; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; CONFINING UNIT; OXIDATION; PYRITE; CARBON; WATER; RATES; IRON; SEA AB Ion-exchange batch experiments were run on Cretaceous (Magothy aquifer) clay cores from a nearshore borehole and an inland borehole on Long Island, NY, to determine the origin of high SO42- concentrations in ground water. Desorption batch tests indicate that the amounts of SO42- released from the core samples are much greater (980-4700 mug/g of sediment) than the concentrations in ground-water samples. The locally high SO42- concentrations in pore water extracted from cores are consistent with the overall increase in SO42- concentrations in ground water along Magothy flow paths. Results of the sorption batch tests indicate that SO42- sorption onto clay is small but significant (40-120 mug/g of sediment) in the low-pH ( < 5) pore water of clays, and a significant part of the SO42- in Magothy pore water may result from the oxidation of FeS2 by dissolved Fe(III). The acidic conditions that result from FeS2 oxidation in acidic pore water should result in greater sorption of SO42- and other anions onto protonated surfaces than in neutral-pH pore water. Comparison of the amounts of Cl- released from a clay core sample in desorption batch tests (4 mug/g of sediment) with the amounts of Cl- sorbed to the same clay in sorption tests (3.7-5 mug/g) indicates that the high concentrations of Cl- in pore water did not originate from connate seawater but were desorbed from sediment that was previously in contact with seawater. Furthermore, a hypothetical seawater transgression in the past is consistent with the observed pattern of sorbed cation complexes in the Magothy cores and could be a significant source of high SO42- concentrations in Magothy ground water. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT 06105 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Brown, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 101 Pitkin St, E Hartford, CT 06105 USA. EM cjbrown@usgs.gov RI Schoonen, martin/E-7703-2011 OI Schoonen, martin/0000-0002-7133-1160 NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 343 EP 358 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00154-9 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 776DK UT WOS:000189101300006 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE AF Kim, CS Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE TI Geological and anthropogenic factors influencing mercury speciation in mine wastes: an EXAFS spectroscopy study SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SILICA-CARBONATE ALTERATION; QUANTITATIVE ZN SPECIATION; SMELTER-CONTAMINATED SOILS; WEST-CENTRAL NEVADA; RIVER; CALIFORNIA; TAILINGS; LEAD; SEDIMENTS AB The speciation of Hg is a critical determinant of its mobility, reactivity, and potential bioavailability in mine-impacted regions. Furthermore, Hg speciation in these complex natural systems is influenced by a number of physical, geological, and anthropogenic variables. In order to investigate the degree to which several of these variables may affect Hg speciation, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was used to determine the Hg phases and relative proportions of these phases present in Hg-bearing wastes from selected mine-impacted regions in California and Nevada. The geological origin of Hg ore has a significant effect on Hg speciation in mine wastes. Specifically, samples collected from hot-spring Hg deposits were found to contain soluble Hg-chloride phases, while such phases were largely absent in samples from silica-carbonate Hg deposits; in both deposit types, however, Hg-sulfides in the form of cinnabar (HgS, hex.) and metacinnabar (HgS, cub.) dominate. Calcined wastes in which Hg ore was crushed and roasted in excess of 600 degreesC, contain high proportions of metacinnabar while the main Hg-containing phase in unroasted waste rock samples from the same mines is cinnabar. The calcining process is thought to promote the reconstructive phase transformation of cinnabar to metacinnabar, which typically occurs at 345 degreesC. The total Hg concentration in calcines is strongly correlated with particle size, with increases of nearly an order of magnitude in total Hg concentration between the 500-2000 mum and <45 mum size fractions (e.g., from 97-810 mg/kg Hg in calcines from the Sulphur Bank Mine, CA). The proportion of Hg-sulfides present also increased by 8-18% as particle size decreased over the same size range. This finding suggests that insoluble yet soft Hg-sulfides are subject to preferential mechanical weathering and become enriched in the fine-grained fraction, while soluble Hg phases are leached out more readily as particle size decreases. The speciation of Hg in mine wastes is similar to that in distributed sediments located downstream from the same waste piles, indicating that the transport of Hg from mine waste piles does not significantly impact Hg speciation. Hg L-III-EXAFS analysis of samples from An mining regions, where elemental Hg(0) was introduced to aid in the Au recovery process, identified the presence of Hg-sulfides and schuetteite (Hg3O2SO4), which may have formed as a result of long-term Hg(0) burial in reducing high-sulfide sediments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 70R0108B,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cskim@lbl.gov NR 53 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 6 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 379 EP 393 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00147-1 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 776DK UT WOS:000189101300008 ER PT J AU Spotila, JA Bank, GC Reiners, PW Naeser, CW Naeser, ND Henika, BS AF Spotila, JA Bank, GC Reiners, PW Naeser, CW Naeser, ND Henika, BS TI Origin of the Blue Ridge escarpment along the passive margin of Eastern North America SO BASIN RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID FISSION-TRACK THERMOCHRONOLOGY; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BASIN; RIVER INCISION MODEL; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; GREAT ESCARPMENT; DRAINAGE DENSITY; POSTOROGENIC DENUDATION; LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT; HILLSLOPE EVOLUTION AB The Blue Ridge escarpment is a rugged landform situated within the ancient Appalachian orogen. While similar in some respects to the great escarpments along other passive margins, which have evolved by erosion following rifting, its youthful topographic expression has inspired proposals of Cenozoic tectonic rejuvenation in eastern North America. To better understand the post-orogenic and post-rift geomorphic evolution of passive margins, we have examined the origin of this landform using low-temperature thermochronometry and manipulation of topographic indices. Apatite (U-Th)/He and fission-track analyses along transects across the escarpment reveal a younging trend towards the coast. This pattern is consistent with other great escarpments and fits with an interpretation of having evolved by prolonged erosion, without the requirement of tectonic rejuvenation. Measured ages are also comparable specifically to those measured along other great escarpments that are as much as 100 Myr younger. This suggests that erosional mechanisms that maintain rugged escarpments in the early post-rift stages may remain active on ancient passive margins for prolonged periods. The precise erosional evolution of the escarpment is less clear, however, and several end-member models can explain the data. Our preferred model, which fits with all data, involves a significant degree of erosional escarpment retreat in the Cenozoic. Although this suggests that early onset of topographic stability is not required of passive margin evolution, more data are required to better constrain the details of the escarpment's development. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Spotila, JA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, 4044 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM spotila@vt.edu NR 124 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-091X J9 BASIN RES JI Basin Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 41 EP 63 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2117.2003.00219.x PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 779KN UT WOS:000189294100003 ER PT J AU Royle, JA AF Royle, JA TI N-mixture models for estimating population size from spatially replicated counts SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE avian point counts; binomial population size estimation; North American Breeding Bird Survey ID BINOMIAL-DISTRIBUTION AB Spatial replication is a common theme in count surveys of animals. Such surveys often generate sparse count data from which it is difficult to estimate population size while formally accounting for detection probability. In this article, I describe a class of models (N-mixture models) which allow for estimation of population size from such data. The key idea is to view site-specific population sizes, N, as independent random variables distributed according to some mixing distribution (e.g., Poisson). Prior parameters are estimated from the marginal likelihood of the data, having integrated over the prior distribution for N. Carroll and Lombard (1985, Journal of American Statistical Association 80, 423-426) proposed a class of estimators based on mixing over a prior distribution for detection probability. Their estimator can be applied in limited settings, but is sensitive to prior parameter values that are fixed a priori. Spatial replication provides additional information regarding the parameters of the prior distribution on N that is exploited by the N-mixture models and which leads to reasonable estimates of abundance from sparse data. A simulation study demonstrates superior operating characteristics (bias, confidence interval coverage) of the N-mixture estimator compared to the Caroll and Lombard estimator. Both estimators are applied to point count data on six species of birds illustrating the sensitivity to choice of prior on p and substantially different estimates of abundance as a consequence. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birg Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birg Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Andy_Royle@fws.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 10 TC 377 Z9 384 U1 14 U2 171 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD MAR PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2004.00142.x PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 805RW UT WOS:000220384400014 PM 15032780 ER PT J AU O'Connell-Rodwell, CE Rojek, N Rodwell, TC Shannon, PW AF O'Connell-Rodwell, CE Rojek, N Rodwell, TC Shannon, PW TI Artificially induced group display and nesting behaviour in a reintroduced population of Caribbean Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber ruber SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PENGUINS AB We used artificial social stimulation (decoys, vocalization playbacks, and artificial nests) to initiate group displays in six (two females, four males) Caribbean Flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber ruber that had not successfully bred since their introduction to Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, in 1992. During a control period prior to the introduction of stimuli, flamingos exhibited no social displays or nest building activities. All flamingos were observed approaching the decoy area as a flock within four hrs of the decoys being introduced, and Head-Flagging displays were exhibited by two birds within the first 24 hrs. In a 12-hr watch conducted two-weeks post decoy introduction, there were significantly more group display behaviours, as well as nest-building, as compared with the control period and immediately after the introduction (3.6% as compared with 0% and 0.35%). Two individuals performed the majority of group displays (although at least one social display posture was observed for each bird) and three birds exhibited nest-building behaviour. Overall, individuals spent most of their time feeding and resting/sleeping (> 95%) during all observation periods. We show for the first time that decoys and vocalization playbacks could have a positive impact on breeding success in the wild by inducing group displays and nesting behaviours in this group of introduced flamingos. We suggest that social attraction techniques may be a useful tool to stimulate breeding in small captive and wild small populations of flamingos. C1 Stanford Univ, Ctr Conservat Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. San Francisco Zoo, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP O'Connell-Rodwell, CE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Conservat Biol, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ceoconnell@stanford.edu NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0959-2709 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1017/S0959270904000061 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 822SE UT WOS:000221559600006 ER PT J AU Foott, JS Harmon, R Stone, R AF Foott, JS Harmon, R Stone, R TI Effect of water temperature on non-specific immune function and ceratomyxosis in juvenile chinook salmon and steelhead from the Klamath River SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID MYXOSPOREAN PARASITE; RAINBOW-TROUT; SHASTA NOBLE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION; ATLANTIC SALMON; INFECTIVE STAGE; SOCKEYE-SALMON; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MACROPHAGES AB The potential immunosuppressive effect of elevated water temperature on resistance to Ceratomyxa shasta infection and disease (ceratomyxosis) was assessed in juvenile Klamath River chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and steel head, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Mortality and clinical signs of ceratomyxosis were similar between juvenile salmon infected with C. shasta and then reared at water temperatures of 16degrees and 20degreesC. A 3-day (d) exposure in the upper Klamath River, during June 2002, resulted in a 100% prevalence of infection and mortality of greater than or equal to83% within 17-d post-exposure among salmon at both water temperatures. Measures of nonspecific defense mechanisms (plasma complement and lysozyme activities, and anterior kidney cell phagocytosis) in uninfected, control fish held at 16degrees and 20degreesC were similar to each other and within normal ranges. In contrast, plasma lysozyme activity of C. shasta infected salmon was approximately 2X higher than control fish. Phagocytosis and plasma complement activity of infected and control salmon were similar until ceratomyxosis was quite advanced. Non-specific immune parameters were not affected in salmon held at 20degreesC. It appears the magnitude of parasite challenge has a stronger influence on disease severity than rearing temperature. Regardless of rearing temperature, salmon challenged with an intra-peritoneal injection of C. shasta trophozoites demonstrated a strong inflammatory defense against the parasites. Juvenile steel head exposed for 3-d to Klamath River water and then reared at 14degrees,18degrees, and 20degreesC did not develop ceratomyxosis. Ceratomyxa shasta was not detected in the exposed steelhead by either Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay or histology. Salmon exposed along with the steelhead experienced typical ceratomyxosis. Steelhead rearing or migrating in the Klamath River would appear to be at low risk for ceratomyxosis. When exposed to high C. shasta actinospore levels, the ecological outcome (death) for salmon will tend to be equal under moderate spring temperatures as well as higher summer temperatures. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Nevada Fish Hlth Ctr, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. RP Foott, JS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Nevada Fish Hlth Ctr, 24411 Coleman Hatchery Rd, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. EM Scott_Foott@fws.gov NR 29 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 16 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SPR PY 2004 VL 90 IS 2 BP 71 EP 84 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 807FO UT WOS:000220487600003 ER PT J AU Gadomski, DM Frost, CN AF Gadomski, DM Frost, CN TI Persistence of identifiable remains of white sturgeon juveniles in digestive tracts of northern pikeminnow SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID SQUAWFISH PTYCHOCHEILUS-OREGONENSIS; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; SALMONIDS; PREDATION; EVACUATION; FISHES; LIVE; DAM AB Juvenile white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, have not been commonly identified as prey items in digestive tracts of fishes collected in the wild. In particular, the diet of northern pikeminnow, Ptychocheilus oregonensis, an abundant Pacific Northwest freshwater predator which has been widely studied, has not included juvenile white sturgeon. To aid in interpreting these results and help in planning future feeding studies, we determined the persistence of identifiable remains of white sturgeon juveniles in this predator's digestive tract. Northern pikeminnow (mean total length = 476 mm), were force-fed meals of 2 or 3 juvenile white sturgeon (mean total length = 91 mm). After digestive periods of 4,8,16, 24,28,and 32 h at a water temperature of about 17 degreesC, fish were sacrificed, digestive tracts removed, and contents examined. Our results indicate that juvenile white sturgeon would be readily discernable in digestive tracts of northern pikeminnow at least a day after feeding, with scutes remaining undigested and identifiable for 28 h. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Gadomski, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SPR PY 2004 VL 90 IS 2 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 807FO UT WOS:000220487600004 ER PT J AU Kery, M Juillerat, L AF Kery, M Juillerat, L TI Sex ratio estimation and survival analysis for Orthetrum coerulescens (Odonata, Libellulidae) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID MATURE DAMSELFLY POPULATIONS; MARKED ANIMALS; RATES AB There is controversy over whether uneven sex ratios observed in mature dragonfly populations are a mere artifact resulting from the higher observability of males. Previous studies have at best made indirect inference about sex ratios by analysis of survival or recapture rates. Here, we obtain direct estimates of sex ratio from capture-recapture data based on the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model. We studied Orthetrum coerulescens (Fabricius, 1798) at three sites in the Swiss Jura Mountains over an entire activity period. Recapture rates per 5-day interval were 3.5 times greater for males (0.67, SE 0.02) than for females (0.19, SE 0.02). At two sites, recapture rate increased over the season for males and was constant for females, and at one site it decreased with precipitation for both sexes. In addition, recapture rate was hi-her with higher temperature for males only. We found no evidence for higher male survival rates in any population. Survival per 5-day interval for both sexes was estimated to be 0.77 (95% CI 0.75-0.79) without significant site- or time-specific variation. There were clear effects of temperature (positive) and precipitation (negative) on survival rate at two sites. Direct estimates of sex ratios were not significantly different from I for any time interval. Hence, the observed male-biased sex ratio in adult O. coerulescens was an artifact resulting from the better observability of males. The method presented in this paper is applicable to sex ratio estimation in any kind of animal. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, Lab Ecol Anim & Entomol, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. RP Kery, M (reprint author), Swiss Ornithol Inst, Schweizer Vogelwarte, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. EM marc.kery@vogelwarte.ch NR 22 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 82 IS 3 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1139/Z04-004 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 827WQ UT WOS:000221934800002 ER PT J AU Felicetti, LA Schwartz, CC Rye, RO Gunther, KA Crock, JG Haroldson, MA Waits, L Robbins, CT AF Felicetti, LA Schwartz, CC Rye, RO Gunther, KA Crock, JG Haroldson, MA Waits, L Robbins, CT TI Use of naturally occurring mercury to determine the importance of cutthroat trout to Yellowstone grizzly bears SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID BROWN BEARS; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; URSUS-ARCTOS; BLACK BEARS; LAKE; MEAT AB Spawning cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki (Richardson, 1836)) are a potentially important food resource for grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. We developed a method to estimate the amount of cutthroat trout ingested by grizzly bears living in the Yellowstone Lake area. The method utilized (i) the relatively high, naturally occurring concentration of mercury in Yellowstone Lake cutthroat trout (508 93 ppb) and its virtual absence in all other bear foods (less than or equal to6 ppb), (ii) hair snares to remotely collect hair from bears visiting spawning cutthroat trout streams between 1997 and 2000, (iii) DNA analyses to identify the individual and sex of drizzly bears leaving a hair sample, (iv) feeding trials with captive bears to develop relationships between fish and mercury intake and hair mercury concentrations, and (i)) mercury analyses of hair collected from wild bears to estimate the amount of trout consumed by each bear. Male grizzly bears consumed an average of 5 times more trout/kg bear than did female grizzly bears. Estimated cutthroat trout intake per year by the grizzly bear population was only a small fraction of that estimated by previous investigators, and males consumed 92% of all trout ingested by grizzly bears. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr,US Geol Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80215 USA. Bear Management Off, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Robbins, CT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ctrobbins@wsu.edu NR 41 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 32 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 82 IS 3 BP 493 EP 501 DI 10.1139/Z04-013 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 827WQ UT WOS:000221934800012 ER PT J AU Wang, YX Han, GH Jiang, M Yuan, XC Mooney, WD Coleman, RG AF Wang, YX Han, GH Jiang, M Yuan, XC Mooney, WD Coleman, RG TI Crustal structure along the geosciences transect from Altay to Altun Tagh SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article DE Altay-Altun Tagh; geoscience transect; Poisson's ratio; crustal structure ID POISSONS RATIO AB Based upon the P- and S-wave data acquired along the geoscience transect from Allay to Altun Tagh in Northwest, China, the crustal structures of velocities and Poisson's ratio are determined. The crustal velocity structure features an obvious three-layer structure with velocities of 6.0 similar to 6.3km/s 6.3 similar to 6.6km/s and 6.9 similar to 7.0km/s from surface to depth, respectively. The crustal thickness along the entire profile is mostly 50km with the thickest crust (56km) beneath the Altay and the thinnest (46km) beneath the Junggar basin. The velocities underlying Moho are 7.7 to 7.8km/s between the Tianshan and the Junggar basin, and 7.9 to 8.0km/s below the Altay Mountains and eastern margin of the Tarim basin. The southern half of the profile, including the eastern Tianshan Mountains and eastern margin of the Tarim basin, shows low P-wave velocities and sigma = 0.25 to a depth of 30km, which suggests a quartz-rich, granitic upper. crustal composition. The northern half of the profile below the Altay Mountains and Junggar Accretional Belt has a higher Poisson's ratio of sigma = 0.26 similar to 0.27 to a depth of 30km, indicative of an intermediate crustal composition. The entire profile is underlain by a 15 to 30km thick high-velocity (6.9 similar to 7.0km/s; a = 0.26 similar to 0.28) lower crustal layer that we interpret to have a bulk composition of mafic granulite. At the southern end of the profile a 5km-thick mid-crustal low-velocity layer (V-P = 5.9km/s, alpha = 0.25) underlies the Tianshan and the region to the south, and may be indicative of granitic intrusive in Late Paleozoic. C1 Guilin Inst Technol, Dept Resources & Environm Engn, Guilin 540014, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Geosci, Inst Geol, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. China Geol Survey, Ctr Res & Dev, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Wang, YX (reprint author), Guilin Inst Technol, Dept Resources & Environm Engn, Guilin 540014, Peoples R China. EM youxue_wang@yahoo.com NR 24 TC 13 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0001-5733 J9 CHINESE J GEOPHYS-CH JI Chinese J. Geophys.-Chinese Ed. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 47 IS 2 BP 240 EP 249 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 808SY UT WOS:000220590000010 ER PT J AU Tanner, LH Lucas, SG Chapman, MG AF Tanner, LH Lucas, SG Chapman, MG TI Assessing the record and causes of Late Triassic extinctions SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE mass extinction; bolide impact; flood basalt; climate change; sea-level change ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; ATLANTIC MAGMATIC PROVINCE; CARBON-ISOTOPE EXCURSIONS; OCEANIC METHANE HYDRATE; JURASSIC BOUNDARY; MASS EXTINCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; UNITED-STATES; FLOOD BASALTS; IMPACT EVENT AB Accelerated biotic turnover during the Late Triassic has led to the perception of an end-Triassic mass extinction event, now regarded as one of the "big five" extinctions. Close examination of the fossil record reveals that many groups thought to be affected severely by this event, such as ammonoids, bivalves and conodonts, instead were in decline throughout the Late Triassic, and that other groups were relatively unaffected or subject to only regional effects. Explanations for the biotic turnover have included both gradualistic and catastrophic mechanisms. Regression during the Rhaetian, with consequent habitat loss, is compatible with the disappearance of some marine faunal groups, but may be regional, not global in scale, and cannot explain apparent synchronous decline in the terrestrial realm. Gradual, widespread aridification of the Pangaean supercontinent could explain a decline in terrestrial diversity during the Late Triassic. Although evidence for an impact precisely at the boundary is lacking, the presence of impact structures with Late Triassic ages suggests the possibility of bolide impact-induced environmental degradation prior to the end-Triassic. Widespread eruptions of flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) were synchronous with or slightly postdate the system boundary; emissions of CO2 and SO2 during these eruptions were substantial, but the contradictory evidence for the environmental effects of outgassing of these lavas remains to be resolved. A substantial excursion in the marine carbon-isotope record of both carbonate and organic matter suggests a significant disturbance of the global carbon cycle at the system boundary. Release of methane hydrates from seafloor sediments is a possible cause for this isotope excursion, although the triggering mechanism and climatic effects of such a release remain uncertain. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Dept Geog, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Dept Geosci, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Tanner, LH (reprint author), Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Dept Geog, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. EM lhtann@blomu.edu NR 339 TC 158 Z9 170 U1 7 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00082-5 PG 37 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 807PQ UT WOS:000220513800003 ER PT J AU VanderWerf, EA AF VanderWerf, EA TI Demography of Hawai'i 'Elepaio: Variation with habitat disturbance and population density SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age structure; Chasiempis sandwichensis; demography; 'Elepaio; habitat disturbance; Hawaii; site fidelity; survival; territory size ID WARBLERS DENDROICA CAERULESCENS; TERRITORY-SIZE REGULATION; BLACKBIRDS TURDUS-MERULA; TIT PARUS-MAJOR; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; EUROPEAN BLACKBIRDS; BREEDING BIOLOGY; RAIN-FOREST; PAIR-BOND; BIRDS AB From 1994 to 1997, 1 monitored 'Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis), a forest bird endemic to Hawaii, in three sites that differed in either degree of habitat disturbance or population density. The goal was to determine whether areas with disturbed forest and reduced population density due to disease were lower-quality habitats that acted as population sinks. Sites where the forest had been disturbed by cattle grazing and timber harvesting contained larger 'Elepaio territories, supported less dense 'Elepaio populations, and had a higher proportion of subadult birds in the breeding population and, thus, can be considered lower-quality habitat for 'Elepaio. However, 'Elepaio populations in disturbed sites did not have lower survival, reproduction, or site fidelity than a population in denser forest, and they were self-sustaining. Disturbed sites were not population sinks maintained by immigration; they simply had a lower carrying capacity. Annual survival of territory-holders was high and was slightly higher in males (0.86 +/- 0.04 [mean +/- (SE)]) than in females (0.79 +/- 0.05). Fecundity was low, with pairs producing 0.56 +/- 0.06 fledglings per year, Site fidelity was high in males (0.98) and females (0.93), and most birds remained on the same territory for the duration of the study or until their presumed death. Population growth was stable at two sites ( lambda 0.96 +/- 0.03, 1.02 +/- 0.04) and increasing (1.12 +/- 0.04) at a site recovering from an epizootic of avian poxvirus. Young, subadult-plumaged males defended smaller territories and produced fewer fledglings than older males, but female age did not affect territory size or reproductive success. Recruitment age was younger where population density was lower. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP VanderWerf, EA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 3-122,Box 50088, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM eric_vanderwerf@fws.gov RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 86 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2004 VL 85 IS 3 BP 770 EP 783 DI 10.1890/02-0668 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 805VD UT WOS:000220392900019 ER PT J AU Hemming, JM Allen, HJ Thuesen, KA Turner, PK Waller, WT Lazorchak, JM Lattier, D Chow, M Denslow, N Venables, B AF Hemming, JM Allen, HJ Thuesen, KA Turner, PK Waller, WT Lazorchak, JM Lattier, D Chow, M Denslow, N Venables, B TI Temporal and spatial variability in the estrogenicity of a municipal wastewater effluent SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE vitellogenin; xenoestrogens; biomarker; wastewater effluent; Pimephales promelas; treatment wetland ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS RAFINESQUE; SURFACE-WATER; IN-VITRO; SOUTHWESTERN GERMANY; TREATMENT WORKS; STW EFFLUENT; TROUT; VITELLOGENIN; INDUSTRIAL AB The estrogenicity of a municipal wastewater effluent was monitored using the vitellogenin biomarker in adult male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). The variability in the expression of vitellogenin was evident among the monitoring periods. Significant (alphaless than or equal to0.05) increases in plasma vitellogenin concentrations were detected in March and December, but not in August or June. Additionally, the magnitude of expression was variable. Variability in the spatial scale was also evident during the March and June exposure months. Concurrent exposures in both the creek receiving the effluent from a wastewater treatment plant and an experimental wetland showed estrogenicity to be different with distance from the respective effluent inflow sites. March exposures showed estrogenicity to be somewhat persistent in the receiving creek (>600m), but to decrease rapidly within the experimental wetland (<40m). Results are discussed relative to the monitoring season, to the spatial distribution of the response in both receiving systems, and to possible causative factors contributing to the effluent estrogenicity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Div, Panama City Field Off, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. Univ N Texas, Inst Appl Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Florida, Prot Chem & Mol Biomarkers Core Facil, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. TRAC Labs Inc, Denton, TX 76201 USA. RP Hemming, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Div, Panama City Field Off, 1601 Balbao Ave, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. EM jon-hemming@fws.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 40 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 57 IS 3 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1016/S0147-6513(03)00025-3 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 807WB UT WOS:000220530500007 PM 15041253 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, MS Gallagher, EP Wieser, CM Gross, TS AF Sepulveda, MS Gallagher, EP Wieser, CM Gross, TS TI Reproductive and biochemical biomarkers in largemouth bass sampled downstream of a pulp and paper mill in Florida SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE largemouth bass; Florida; sex hormones; vitellogenin; reproduction; paper mill effluents; EROD ID SEX STEROID-LEVELS; ST-JOHNS RIVER; WHITE SUCKER; CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; CYTOCHROME P4501A; PHYSIOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES; RESIN ACIDS; KRAFT PULP; FISH; EFFLUENTS AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of bleached/unbleached kraft mill effluents (B/UKME) on the reproductive parameters of free-ranging Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus). The reproductive parameters measured included gonadosomatic index (GSI), histological evaluation of gonads, and plasma concentrations of vitellogenin (VTG), 17beta-estradiol, and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT). Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was measured as a marker of exposure to cytochrome P450-inducing agents in these effluents. Endpoints were compared among adult bass sampled from tributary and mainstream effluent-contaminated and reference sites. Females sampled from the site closest to the mill outfall had a significant five-fold increase in EROD activity compared to bass sampled from reference streams. Although sex hormones were significantly reduced in bass from exposed sites, there were no differences in VTG and GSI across sites. The absence of organism-level responses was probably not related to a lack of sensitivity, as previous studies in our laboratory have shown that bass exposed to these effluents exhibit changes in GSI and in other measures associated with reproductive success. In females, inverse relationships were observed between VTG and GSI and EROD activity. These relationship, however, were not consistent within all of the sites studied. Collectively, our findings indicate that hepatic EROD induction is an effective marker of B/UKME exposure in largemouth bass and that it might be associated with antiestrogenic effects in this species. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USGS BRD, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Resource Aquat Studies, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, POB 100144, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM marisol_sepulveda@usgs.gov RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 NR 43 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 57 IS 3 BP 431 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.08.020 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 807WB UT WOS:000220530500020 PM 15041266 ER PT J AU Gharrett, AJ Keller, S Gustafson, RG Johnson, P Nielsen, JL Seeb, JE Seeb, LW Smoker, WW Thorgaard, GH Wilmot, RL AF Gharrett, AJ Keller, S Gustafson, RG Johnson, P Nielsen, JL Seeb, JE Seeb, LW Smoker, WW Thorgaard, GH Wilmot, RL TI Introduction to genetics of subpolar fish and invertebrates SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Editorial Material DE quantitative genetics; population genetics; molecular genetics; aquaculture; systematics; wild-hatchery interactions C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Commercial Fisheries Div, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gharrett, AJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Div Fisheries, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ffajg@uaf.edu NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022978.62262.47 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 809YJ UT WOS:000220671700001 ER PT J AU Sato, S Kojima, H Ando, J Ando, H Wilmot, RL Seeb, LW Efremov, V LeClair, L Buchholz, W Jin, DH Urawa, S Kaeriyama, M Urano, A Abe, S AF Sato, S Kojima, H Ando, J Ando, H Wilmot, RL Seeb, LW Efremov, V LeClair, L Buchholz, W Jin, DH Urawa, S Kaeriyama, M Urano, A Abe, S TI Genetic population structure of chum salmon in the Pacific Rim inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence variation SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium CY MAY 29-31, 2002 CL Univ Alaska Sea, Juneau, AK HO Univ Alaska Sea DE mtDNA control region; Pacific salmon; haplotype genealogy; genetic divergence ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RESTRICTION DATA; WESTERN ALASKA; EVOLUTION; TSHAWYTSCHA; DIVERSITY; TREES; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION AB We examined the genetic population structure of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, in the Pacific Rim using mitochondrial (mt) DNA analysis. Nucleotide sequence analysis of about 500 bp in the variable portion of the 5' end of the mtDNA control region revealed 20 variable nucleotide sites, which defined 30 haplotypes of three genealogical clades (A, B, and C), in more than 2,100 individuals of 48 populations from Japan (16), Korea (1), Russia (10), and North America (21 from Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington). The observed haplotypes were mostly associated with geographic regions, in that clade A and C haplotypes characterized Asian populations and clade B haplotypes distinguished North American populations. The haplotype diversity was highest in the Japanese populations, suggesting a greater genetic variation in the populations of Japan than those of Russia and North America. The analysis of molecular variance and contingency chi(2) tests demonstrated strong structuring among the three geographic groups of populations and weak to moderate structuring within Japanese and North American populations. These results suggest that the observed geographic pattern might be influenced primarily by historic expansions or colonizations and secondarily by low or restricted gene flow between local groups within regions. In addition to the analysis of population structure, mtDNA data may be useful for constructing a baseline for stock identification of mixed populations of high seas chum salmon. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Biol Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Hokkaido Tokai Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0058601, Japan. NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. Kangnung Natl Univ, Kangnung, South Korea. Salmon Resources Ctr, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0620922, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Field Sci Ctr, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600811, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Lab Anim Cytogenet, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Lab Breeding Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. RP Sato, S (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Biol Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. EM sabe@ees.hokudai.ac.jp RI Kaeriyama, Masahide/A-8500-2012 NR 42 TC 45 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1-4 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022881.90237.aa PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 809YJ UT WOS:000220671700004 ER PT J AU Thrower, F Guthrie, C Nielsen, J Joyce, J AF Thrower, F Guthrie, C Nielsen, J Joyce, J TI A comparison of genetic variation between an anadromous steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, population and seven derived populations sequestered in freshwater for 70 years SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium CY MAY 29-31, 2002 CL Univ Alaska Sea, Juneau, AK HO Univ Alaska Sea DE rainbow trout; DNA; microsatellites; allozymes ID FISH; MITOCHONDRIAL; HATCHERY; SALMON; STOCK AB In 1926 cannery workers from the Wakefield Fisheries Plant at Little Port Walter in Southeast Alaska captured small trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, from a portion of Sashin Creek populated with a wild steelhead (anadromous O. mykiss) run. They planted them into Sashin Lake which had been fishless to that time and separated from the lower stream by two large waterfalls that prevented upstream migration of any fish. In 1996 we sampled adult steelhead from the lower creek and juvenile O. mykiss from an intermediate portion of the creek, Sashin Lake, and five lakes that had been stocked with fish from Sashin Lake in 1938. Tissue samples from these eight populations were compared for variation in: microsatellite DNA at 10 loci; D-loop sequences in mitochondrial DNA; and allozymes at 73 loci known to be variable in steelhead. Genetic variability was consistently less in the Sashin Lake population and all derived populations than in the source anadromous population. The cause of this reduction is unknown but it is likely that very few fish survived to reproduce from the initial transplant in 1926. Stockings of 50 - 85 fish into five other fishless lakes in 1938 from Sashin Lake did not result in a similar dramatic reduction in variability. We discuss potential explanations for the observed patterns of genetic diversity in relation to the maintenance of endangered anadromous O. mykiss populations in freshwater refugia. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Off Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Thrower, F (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM frank.thrower@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1-4 BP 111 EP 125 DI 10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022880.52256.92 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 809YJ UT WOS:000220671700009 ER PT J AU Reynolds, JH Templin, WD AF Reynolds, JH Templin, WD TI Detecting specific populations in mixtures SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium CY MAY 29-31, 2002 CL Univ Alaska Sea, Juneau, AK HO Univ Alaska Sea DE component contribution; genetic stock identification; mixed stock analysis; mixture models; SPAM; species conservation ID MIXED-STOCK FISHERIES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SALMON; IDENTIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS; MANAGEMENT; PROGRAM; ALASKA; DNA AB Mixed stock analysis (MSA) estimates the relative contributions of distinct populations in a mixture of organisms. Increasingly, MSA is used to judge the presence or absence of specific populations in specific mixture samples. This is commonly done by inspecting the bootstrap confidence interval of the contribution of interest. This method has a number of statistical deficiencies, including almost zero power to detect small contributions even if the population has perfect identifiability. We introduce a more powerful method based on the likelihood ratio test and compare both methods in a simulation demonstration using a 17 population baseline of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, from the Kenai River, Alaska, watershed. Power to detect a nonzero contribution will vary with the population(s) identifiability relative to the rest of the baseline, the contribution size, mixture sample size, and analysis method. The demonstration shows that the likelihood ratio method is always more powerful than the bootstrap method, the two methods only being equal when both display 100% power. Power declines for both methods as contribution declines, but it declines faster and goes to zero for the bootstrap method. Power declines quickly for both methods as population identifiability declines, though the likelihood ratio test is able to capitalize on the presence of 'perfect identification' characteristics, such as private alleles. Given the baseline-specific nature of detection power, researchers are encouraged to conduct a priori power analyses similar to the current demonstration when planning their applications. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Gene Conservat Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Reynolds, JH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Nat Resources, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS 221, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM joel_reynolds@fws.gov RI Reynolds, Joel/E-1445-2011 OI Reynolds, Joel/0000-0003-4506-0501 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1-4 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022877.38588.f1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 809YJ UT WOS:000220671700019 ER PT J AU Guinand, B Scribner, KT Topchy, A Page, KS Punch, W Burnham-Curtis, MK AF Guinand, B Scribner, KT Topchy, A Page, KS Punch, W Burnham-Curtis, MK TI Sampling issues affecting accuracy of likelihood-based classification using genetical data SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium CY MAY 29-31, 2002 CL Univ Alaska Sea, Juneau, AK HO Univ Alaska Sea DE assignment test; genetic algorithm; locus selection; genetic differentiation; microsatellite; lake trout ID TROUT SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; ATLANTIC SALMON POPULATIONS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; ETHNIC-AFFILIATION; NEURAL-NETWORKS; F-STATISTICS; PINK SALMON AB We demonstrate the effectiveness of a genetic algorithm for discovering multi-locus combinations that provide accurate individual assignment decisions and estimates of mixture composition based on likelihood classification. Using simulated data representing different levels of inter-population differentiation (F-st similar to 0.01 and 0.10), genetic diversities ( four or eight alleles per locus), and population sizes ( 20, 40, 100 individuals in baseline populations), we show that subsets of loci can be identified that provide comparable levels of accuracy in classification decisions relative to entire multi-locus data sets, where 5, 10, or 20 loci were considered. Microsatellite data sets from hatchery strains of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, representing a comparable range of inter-population levels of differentiation in allele frequencies confirmed simulation results. For both simulated and empirical data sets, assignment accuracy was achieved using fewer loci ( e. g., three or four loci out of eight for empirical lake trout studies). Simulation results were used to investigate properties of the 'leave-one-out' (L1O) method for estimating assignment error rates. Accuracy of population assignments based on L1O methods should be viewed with caution under certain conditions, particularly when baseline population sample sizes are low (< 50). C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USGS, BRD, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Guinand, B (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, UMR CNRS Genome Populat & Interact 5000, Montpellier, France. EM guinand@univ-montp2.fr NR 48 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1-4 BP 245 EP 259 DI 10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022869.72448.cd PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 809YJ UT WOS:000220671700020 ER PT J AU Olsen, JB Habicht, C Reynolds, J Seeb, JE AF Olsen, JB Habicht, C Reynolds, J Seeb, JE TI Moderately and highly polymorphic microsatellites provide discordant estimates of population divergence in sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium CY MAY 29-31, 2002 CL Univ Alaska Sea, Juneau, AK HO Univ Alaska Sea DE mutation; migration; population genetics; population structure; F(ST); Pacific salmon ID DIFFERENTIATION; ALLOZYME; MARKERS; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION; LOCI AB Mutation rate can vary widely among microsatellite loci. This variation may cause discordant single-locus and multi-locus estimates of F(ST), the commonly used measure of population divergence. We use 16 microsatellite and five allozyme loci from 14 sockeye salmon populations to address two questions about the affect of mutation rate on estimates of F(ST): (1) does mutation rate influence F(ST) estimates from all microsatellites to a similar degree relative to allozymes?; (2) does the influence of mutation rate on F(ST) estimates from microsatellites vary with geographic scale in spatially structured populations? For question one we find that discordant estimates of F(ST) among microsatellites as well as between the two marker classes are correlated with mean within-population heterozygosity (H(S)) and thus are likely due to differences in mutation rate. Highly polymorphic microsatellites (H(S) > 0.84) provide significantly lower estimates of F(ST) than moderately polymorphic microsatellites and allozymes (H(S) < 0.60). Estimates of F(ST) from binned allele frequency data and R(ST) provide more accurate measures of population divergence for highly polymorphic but not for moderately polymorphic microsatellites. We conclude it is more important to pool loci of like H(S) rather than marker class when estimating F(ST). For question two we find the F(ST) values for moderately and highly polymorphic loci, while significantly different, are positively correlated for geographically proximate but not geographically distant population pairs. These results are consistent with expectations from the equilibrium approximation of Wright's infinite island model and confirm that the influence of mutation on estimates of F(ST) can vary in spatially structured populations presumably because the rate of migration varies inversely with geographic scale. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Gene Conservat Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Nat Resources, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Olsen, JB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jeffrey_olsen@fws.gov RI Reynolds, Joel/E-1445-2011 OI Reynolds, Joel/0000-0003-4506-0501 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1-4 BP 261 EP 273 DI 10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022872.84261.09 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 809YJ UT WOS:000220671700021 ER PT J AU Bartron, ML Scribner, KT AF Bartron, ML Scribner, KT TI Temporal comparisons of genetic diversity in Lake Michigan steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, populations: effects of hatchery supplementation SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium CY MAY 29-31, 2002 CL Univ Alaska Sea, Juneau, AK HO Univ Alaska Sea DE microsatellites; outbreeding; salmon; stocking; temporal variation ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SYMPATRIC POPULATIONS; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CONSERVATION; RIVER; WILD; DIFFERENTIATION; TRIBUTARIES AB Steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were first introduced into the Great Lakes in the late 1800s. Subsequently, natural recruitment across the Lake Michigan basin has been regularly supplemented by primarily one hatchery strain. Recently, multiple strains derived from locations across the species native range along the west coast of the United States have also been stocked by different management agencies. Prior to 1983, hatchery supplementation of Lake Michigan steelhead populations in Michigan was largely unsuccessful due to low smolting rates of small (<120 mm) hatchery yearlings (estimated survival 0.01%). Accordingly, contributions of hatchery fish to historical adult spawning runs in Michigan tributaries were low (0-30%) across six major drainages. Large yearlings of different hatchery strains (>150 mm) have been stocked exclusively since 1983, increasing estimates of survival to smolting (90%). Consequently, the proportion of hatchery adults in spawning runs increased to 13-79%. We examined the effects of changes in stocking practices on straying rates of hatchery steelhead and to temporal changes in levels of genetic diversity and relationships among populations. We used microsatellite loci to estimate allele frequencies for six populations sampled for two time periods (1983-1984 and 1998-1999). Measures of inter-population divergence (mean F-ST) were not significant for either time period. However, spatial genetic relationships among historical and contemporary populations were significantly correlated with geographic distance; a result not expected if gene flow (natural straying) among populations was mediated solely by hatchery supplementation. Increased numbers of alleles in spawning adults from populations can be attributed to alleles specific to recently introduced hatchery strains. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Bartron, ML (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM meredith_bartron@fws.gov NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1-4 BP 395 EP 407 DI 10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022903.17208.fd PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 809YJ UT WOS:000220671700032 ER PT J AU Vander Pol, SS Becker, PR Kucklick, JR Pugh, RS Roseneau, DG Simac, KS AF Vander Pol, SS Becker, PR Kucklick, JR Pugh, RS Roseneau, DG Simac, KS TI Persistent organic pollutants in Alaskan murre (Uria spp.) eggs: Geographical, species, and temporal comparisons SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEABIRD EGGS; CONTAMINANT RESIDUES; COMMON MURRES; BARENTS SEA; FOOD-HABITS; BERING SEA; GULL EGGS; MERCURY; ORGANOCHLORINES; TRENDS AB Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in eggs of common and thick-billed murres (Uria aalge and U. lomvia) from five Alaskan nesting colonies were dominated by 4,4'-DDE, total polychlorinated biphenyls (SigmaPCBs; 46 congeners comprised mainly of PCB congeners 153, 118, 138, 99, and 151), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), and chlordane compounds (SigmaCHL). Concentrations of 4,4'-DDE, cis-nonachlor, and heptachlor epoxide were lower than those reported for some of the same colonies in the 1970s, while HCB concentrations were similar. In general, significantly higher concentrations were found in eggs from Gulf of Alaska colonies compared to those from Bering Sea colonies except for HCB (higher in the Bering Sea) and beta-HCH (no significant difference between the two regions). Thick-billed murre eggs contained higher concentrations of 4,4'-DDE and SigmaPCBs, whereas common murre eggs had higher HCB concentrations. Possible factors contributing to the POPs patterns found in eggs from these murre colonies are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Vander Pol, SS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM stacy.vanderpol@nist.gov NR 48 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1305 EP 1312 DI 10.1021/es034987r PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 780FC UT WOS:000189360800018 PM 15046330 ER PT J AU Bayless, ER Bullen, TD Fitzpatrick, JA AF Bayless, ER Bullen, TD Fitzpatrick, JA TI Use of Sr-87/Sr-86 and delta B-11 to identify slag-affected sediment in Southern Lake Michigan SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BORON ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; MURRAY BASIN; SEA-WATER; GROUNDWATER; FRACTIONATION; EVOLUTION; AQUIFER; BRINES; ADSORPTION AB Slag is a ubiquitous byproduct of the iron-smelting industry and influences geochemistry and water quality in adjacent geologic units, ground and surface water. Despite extensive slag deposition along the Indiana shoreline of Lake Michigan, definitive evidence that slag has affected lakebed sediments has not been established. Concerns for the protection of water and ecosystem resources in the Great Lakes motivated this study to determine if strontium and boron isotopes could be used to identify and delineate slag-affected bed sediment in Lake Michigan. Sixty-five samples of bed sediment were acquired from the southern lobe of Lake Michigan and analyzed for Sr-87/Sr-86 and delta(11)B. Samples immediately offshore from Indiana steel mills and slag-disposal sites contained higher median Sr-87/Sr-86 values (0.70881) than shoreline sediments collected elsewhere in the basin (0.70847) and uniquely decreased with increasing distance from the shoreline. The highest delta(11)B values occurred in sediments from the Indiana shoreline (+12.9 to 16.4parts per thousand) but were also elevated in sediments collected offshore from three Lake Michigan cities (+11.7 to 12.71parts per thousand). Contoured isotope data indicated that 82-154 km(2) of bed sediment along the Indiana shoreline had elevated Sr-87/Sr-86 and delta(11)B values relative to shoreline sediments elsewhere in southern Lake Michigan. C1 US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bayless, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM ebayless@usgs.gov NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1330 EP 1337 DI 10.1021/es0347843 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 780FC UT WOS:000189360800021 PM 15046333 ER PT J AU Wells, JB Little, EE Calfee, RD AF Wells, JB Little, EE Calfee, RD TI Behavioral response of young rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to forest fire-retardant chemicals in the laboratory SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE avoidance behavior; Oncorhynchus mykiss; fire-retardant chemicals ID RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT; AVOIDANCE; TOXICITY; FISHES; METALS AB Fire-retardant chemicals often are applied in relatively pristine and environmentally sensitive areas that are potentially inhabited by endangered or threatened aquatic species. Avoidance of contaminants is an adaptive behavior that may reduce exposure to harmful conditions. We evaluated the avoidance responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to concentrations of fire-retardant chemicals and alternate constituent formulations ranging from 0.65 to 26 mg/L. Countercurrent avoidance chambers were used in a flow-through design with receiving water at each end and a drain at the center to create a distinct boundary between treatment water and reference water. Rainbow trout consistently avoided water treated with retardants at all concentrations tested. The magnitude of the avoidance response did not appear to follow a concentration-response relationship, but rather was an all-or-none response. C1 US Geol Survey, CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Little, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CERC, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM edward_little@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 621 EP 625 DI 10.1897/02-635 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 776NT UT WOS:000189122600012 PM 15285354 ER PT J AU Pinkney, AE Harshbarger, JC May, EB Reichert, WL AF Pinkney, AE Harshbarger, JC May, EB Reichert, WL TI Tumor prevalence and biomarkers of exposure and response in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from the Anacostia River, Washington, DC and Tuckahoe River, Maryland, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tumors; biomarkers; brown bullheads; polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; LAKE ERIE TRIBUTARIES; NEW-YORK-STATE; DNA ADDUCTS; GREAT-LAKES; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ICTALURUS-NEBULOSUS; LIVER-TUMORS; CONTAMINANTS; SEDIMENT AB We evaluated liver and skin tumor prevalence and biomarkers of exposure and response in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from three locations in the Anacostia River (Washington, DC, USA), a Chesapeake Bay region of concern. The Tuckahoe River (Maryland, USA) served as a reference. Each river was sampled in fall 2000 and spring 2001. In the Anacostia, prevalence of liver tumors was 50 to 68%, and prevalence of skin tumors was 13 to 23% in large ( greater than or equal to260 mm, age greater than or equal to3 years) bullheads. Liver and skin tumor prevalence was 10 to 17% and 0%, respectively, in small (150-225 mm, age 1-2 years) bullheads. Tuckahoe bullhead liver tumor prevalence was 0 to 3% (large) and 0% (small); none had skin tumors. Biliary polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-like fluorescent metabolites and liver DNA adduct concentrations were elevated in large and small Anacostia bullheads. Mean adduct concentrations were 16 to 28 times higher than those in Tuckahoe fish. Chromatograms revealed a diagonal radioactive zone, indicating polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC)-DNA adducts. The biomarker data and the 10 to 17% liver tumor prevalence at ages 1 to 2 suggest that these year classes are likely to have a high prevalence as they reach age 3 and older. This study provides the strongest evidence to date of the role of PAHs in tumor development in Anacostia bullheads. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Maryland Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Registry Tumors Lower Anim, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Pinkney, AE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM fred_pinkney@fws.gov NR 41 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 638 EP 647 DI 10.1897/03-77 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 776NT UT WOS:000189122600015 PM 15285357 ER PT J AU Rocque, DA Winker, K AF Rocque, DA Winker, K TI Biomonitoring of contaminants in birds from two trophic levels in the North Pacific SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric transport; Aleutian Islands; contaminants; birds; stable isotopes ID ARCTIC MARINE ECOSYSTEM; BALD EAGLES; PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINES; ALEUTIAN ARCHIPELAGO; GLOBAL TRANSPORT; ISOTOPES; CARBON; DIET; AIR AB The presence and accumulation of persistent contaminants at high latitudes from long-range transport is an important environmental issue. Atmospheric transport has been identified as the source of pollutants in several arctic ecosystems and has the potential to severely impact high-latitude populations. Elevated levels of contaminants in Aleutian Island avifauna have been documented, but the great distance from potential industrial sources and the region's complex military history have confounded identification of contaminant origins. We sampled bird species across the natural longitudinal transect of the Aleutian Archipelago to test three contaminant source hypotheses. We detected patterns in some polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and mercury that indicate abandoned military installations as likely local point sources. Carbon isotopes were distinct among island groups, enabling us to rule out transfer through migratory prey species as a contaminant source. The long-range transport hypothesis was supported by significant west-to-east declines in contaminant concentrations for most detected organochlorines and some trace metals. Although relatively low at present, concentrations may increase in Aleutian fauna as Asian industrialization increases and emitted contaminants are atmospherically transported into the region, necessitating continued monitoring in this unique ecosystem. C1 Univ Alabama Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Rocque, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd,Mailstop 331, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM deborah_rocque@fws.gov RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 759 EP 766 DI 10.1897/03-182 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 776NT UT WOS:000189122600029 PM 15285370 ER EF