FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hook, SJ Dmochowski, JE Howard, KA Rowan, LC Karlstrom, KE Stock, JM AF Hook, SJ Dmochowski, JE Howard, KA Rowan, LC Karlstrom, KE Stock, JM TI Mapping variations in weight percent silica measured from multispectral thermal infrared imagery - Examples from the Hiller Mountains, Nevada, USA and Tres Virgenes-La Reforma, Baja California Sur, Mexico SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE silica; weight percent; infrared imagery; MODIS/ASTER airborne simulator (MASTER) ID SOUTH VIRGIN MOUNTAINS; GOLD BUTTE; NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; CRUSTAL EVOLUTION; GRAND-CANYON; FAULT; CONSTRAINTS; EMISSION; COMPLEX AB Remotely sensed multispectral thermal infrared (8-13 mu m) images are increasingly being used to map variations in surface silicate mineralogy. These studies utilize the shift to longer wavelengths in the main spectral feature in minerals in this wavelength region (reststrahlen band) as the mineralogy changes from felsic to mafic. An approach is described for determining the amount of this shift and then using the shift with a reference curve, derived from laboratory data, to remotely determine the weight percent SiO2 of the surface. The approach has broad applicability to many study areas and can also be fine-tuned to give greater accuracy in a particular study area if field samples are available. The approach was assessed using airborne multispectral thermal infrared images from the Hiller Mountains, Nevada, USA and the Tres Virgenes-La Reforma, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Results indicate the general approach slightly overestimates the weight percent SiO2 of low silica rocks (e.g. basalt) and underestimates the weight percent SiO2 of high silica rocks (e.g. granite). Fine tuning the general approach with measurements from field samples provided good results for both areas with errors in the recovered weight percent SiO2 of a few percent. The map units identified by these techniques and traditional mapping at the Hiller Mountains demonstrate the continuity of the crystalline rocks from the Hiller Mountains southward to the White Hills supporting the idea that these ranges represent an essentially continuous footwall block below a regional detachment. Results from the Baja California data verify the most recent volcanism to be basaltic-andesite. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hook, SJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 183-501, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA. EM Simon.J.Hook@jpl.nasa.gov OI Stock, Joann Miriam/0000-0003-4816-7865 NR 49 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 273 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.11.020 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 914VR UT WOS:000228256600001 ER PT J AU Cronin, TW Kinloch, MR Olsen, GH AF Cronin, TW Kinloch, MR Olsen, GH TI Head-bobbing behavior in foraging whooping cranes favors visual fixation SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ORIENTATION; WALKING; PIGEONS C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Cronin, TW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM cronin@umbc.edu NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 15 IS 7 BP R243 EP R244 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2005.03.036 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 919ZL UT WOS:000228656400009 PM 15823521 ER PT J AU Mueller, ER Pitlick, J Nelson, JM AF Mueller, ER Pitlick, J Nelson, JM TI Variation in the reference shields stress for bed load transport in gravel-bed streams and rivers SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; INCIPIENT MOTION; HARRIS CREEK; COLORADO; ENTRAINMENT; MORPHOLOGY; GEOMETRY; MOBILITY AB [1] The present study examines variations in the reference shear stress for bed load transport (tau(r)) using coupled measurements of flow and bed load transport in 45 gravel-bed streams and rivers. The study streams encompass a wide range in bank-full discharge ( 1 - 2600 m(3)/s), average channel gradient (0.0003 - 0.05), and median surface grain size (0.027 - 0.21 m). A bed load transport relation was formed for each site by plotting individual values of the dimensionless transport rate W* versus the reach-average dimensionless shear stress tau*. The reference dimensionless shear stress tau(r)* was then estimated by selecting the value of t* corresponding to a reference transport rate of W* = 0.002. The results indicate that the discharge corresponding to tau(r)* averages 67% of the bank-full discharge, with the variation independent of reach-scale morphologic and sediment properties. However, values of tau(r)* increase systematically with average channel gradient, ranging from 0.025 - 0.035 at sites with slopes of 0.001 - 0.006 to values greater than 0.10 at sites with slopes greater than 0.02. A corresponding relation for the bank-full dimensionless shear stress tau(bf)*, formulated with data from 159 sites in North America and England, mirrors the relation between tau(r)* and channel gradient, suggesting that the bank-full channel geometry of gravel- and cobble-bedded streams is adjusted to a relatively constant excess shear stress, tau(bf)* - tau(r)*, across a wide range of slopes. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mueller, ER (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Box 260, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM erichrmueller@hotmail.com OI Mueller, Erich/0000-0001-8202-154X NR 58 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 AR W04006 DI 10.1029/2004WR003692 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 917RH UT WOS:000228482400002 ER PT J AU Doran, PT Priscu, JC Lyons, WB Walsh, JE Fountain, AG McKnight, DM Moorhead, DL Virginia, RA Wall, DH Clow, GD Fritsen, CH McKay, CP Parsons, AN AF Doran, PT Priscu, JC Lyons, WB Walsh, JE Fountain, AG McKnight, DM Moorhead, DL Virginia, RA Wall, DH Clow, GD Fritsen, CH McKay, CP Parsons, AN TI Comment on "El Nino suppresses Antarctic warming" by N. Bertler et al. SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEMISPHERE CLIMATE-CHANGE; MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; LAKE-LEVEL; SIMULATION C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Climate Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Nasa, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NERC, Swindon SN2 1EU, Wilts, England. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Environm Studies Program, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ctr Global Change & Arctic Syst Res, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Doran, PT (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM pdoran@uic.edu RI Wall, Diana/F-5491-2011; OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 8 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 AR L07706 DI 10.1029/2004GL021716 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 916HW UT WOS:000228377000001 ER PT J AU Brodsky, EE Prejean, SG AF Brodsky, EE Prejean, SG TI New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at Long Valley Caldera SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE; 28 JUNE 1992; RECTIFIED DIFFUSION; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; M(W)=7.3 LANDERS; CALIFORNIA; PRESSURE; DEFORMATION; NUCLEATION; GEYSERS AB Regional-scale triggering of local earthquakes in the crust by seismic waves from distant main shocks has now been robustly documented for over a decade. Some of the most thoroughly recorded examples of repeated triggering of a single site from multiple, large earthquakes are measured in geothermal fields of the western United States like Long Valley Caldera. As one of the few natural cases where the causality of an earthquake sequence is apparent, triggering provides fundamental constraints on the failure processes in earthquakes. We show here that the observed triggering by seismic waves is inconsistent with any mechanism that depends on cumulative shaking as measured by integrated energy density. We also present evidence for a frequency-dependent triggering threshold. On the basis of the seismic records of 12 regional and teleseismic events recorded at Long Valley Caldera, long-period waves (>30 s) are more effective at generating local seismicity than short-period waves of comparable amplitude. If the properties of the system are stationary over time, the failure threshold for long-period waves is similar to 0.05 cm/s vertical shaking. Assuming a phase velocity of 3.5 km/s and an elastic modulus of 3.5 x 10(10) Pa, the threshold in terms of stress is 5 kPa. The frequency dependence is due in part to the attenuation of the surface waves with depth. Fluid flow through a porous medium can produce the rest of the observed frequency dependence of the threshold. If the threshold is not stationary with time, pore pressures that are >99.5% of lithostatic and vary over time by a factor of 4 could explain the observations with no frequency dependence of the triggering threshold. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Brodsky, EE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, 3806 Geol Bldg,Box 951567, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM brodsky@ess.ucla.edu; sprejean@usgs.gov RI Brodsky, Emily/B-9139-2014; OI Brodsky, Emily/0000-0002-6855-6860 NR 38 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 7 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B4 AR B04302 DI 10.1029/2004JB003211 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916JL UT WOS:000228381100001 ER PT J AU Ferretti, V Llambias, PE Martin, TE AF Ferretti, V Llambias, PE Martin, TE TI Life-history variation of a neotropical thrush challenges food limitation theory SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE life-history traits; food limitation; nest predation; Rufous-bellied thrush; clutch size; parental behaviour ID NEST PREDATION; DEVELOPMENTAL RATES; ALTRICIAL BIRDS; EVOLUTION; SUCCESS; TEMPERATURE; INCUBATION AB Since David Lack first proposed that birds rear as many young as they can nourish, food limitation has been accepted as the primary explanation for variation in clutch size and other life-history traits in birds. The importance of food limitation in life-history variation, however, was recently questioned on theoretical grounds. Here, we show that clutch size differences between two populations of a neotropical thrush were contrary to expectations under Lack's food limitation hypothesis. Larger clutch sizes were found in a population with higher nestling starvation rate (i.e. greater food limitation). We experimentally equalized clutches between populations to verify this difference in food limitation. Our experiment confirmed greater food limitation in the population with larger mean clutch size. In addition, incubation bout length and nestling growth rate were also contrary to predictions of food limitation theory. Our results demonstrate the inability of food limitation to explain differences in several life-history traits: clutch size, incubation behaviour, parental feeding rate and nestling growth rate. These life-history traits were better explained by inter-population differences in nest predation rates. Food limitation may be less important to life history evolution in birds than suggested by traditional theory. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Ecol Genet & Evolut, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Montana, USGS Biol Resources Discipline, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Ferretti, V (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM vf23@cornell.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 24 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 7 PY 2005 VL 272 IS 1564 BP 769 EP 773 DI 10.1098/rspb.2004.3039 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 926GF UT WOS:000229110500012 PM 15870039 ER PT J AU Garver, KA LaPatra, SE Kurath, G AF Garver, KA LaPatra, SE Kurath, G TI Efficacy of an infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus DNA vaccine in Chinook Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and sockeye O-nerka salmon SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccine; infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; IHNV; Chinook salmon; sockeye salmon; cross-genogroup and intragenogroup challenge ID RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; STRAINS; IMMUNIZATION; FISH; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PROTECTION; MYKISS; SALAR; DIVERSITY AB The level of protective immunity was determined for Chinook Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and sockeye/kokanee salmon (anadromous and landlocked) O. nerka following intramuscular vaccination with a DNA vaccine against the aquatic rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). A DNA vaccine containing the glycoprotein gene of IHNV protected Chinook and sockeye/kokanee salmon against waterborne or injection challenge with IHNV, and relative percent survival (RPS) values of 23 to 86% were obtained under a variety of lethal challenge conditions. Although this is significant protection, it is less than RPS values obtained in previous studies with rainbow trout (O. mykiss). In addition to the variability in the severity of the challenge and inherent host susceptibility differences, it appears that use of a cross-genogroup challenge virus strain may lead to reduced efficacy of the DNA vaccine. Neutralizing antibody titers were detected in both Chinook and sockeye that had been vaccinated with 1.0 and 0.1 μ g doses of the DNA vaccine, and vaccinated fish responded to viral challenges with higher antibody titers than mock-vaccinated control fish. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. RP Garver, KA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kagarver@u.washington.edu NR 42 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD APR 6 PY 2005 VL 64 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.3354/dao064013 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 933EB UT WOS:000229606200003 PM 15900683 ER PT J AU Day, JW Barras, J Clairain, E Johnston, J Justic, D Kemp, GP Ko, JY Lane, R Mitsch, WJ Steyer, G Templet, P Yanez-Arancibia, A AF Day, JW Barras, J Clairain, E Johnston, J Justic, D Kemp, GP Ko, JY Lane, R Mitsch, WJ Steyer, G Templet, P Yanez-Arancibia, A TI Implications of global climatic change and energy cost and availability for the restoration of the Mississippi delta SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wetlands Invitational Workshop CY MAY 15-16, 2003 CL Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH HO Ohio State Univ DE Mississippi delta; salinity intrusion; climate change; energy ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEA-LEVEL RISE; BARRIER-ISLAND; LOUISIANA COAST; WATER-QUALITY; VERTICAL ACCRETION; ATCHAFALAYA RIVER; PLANT COMMUNITY; SALT-MARSH; LAND LOSS AB Over the past several thousand years, inputs from the Mississippi River formed the Mississippi delta, an area of about 25,000 km(2). Over the past century, however, there has been a high loss of coastal wetlands of about 4800 km(2). The main causes of this loss are the near complete isolation of the river from the delta, mostly due to the construction of flood control levees, and pervasive hydrological disruption of the deltaic plain. There is presently a large-scale State-Federal program to restore the delta that includes construction of water control structures in the flood control levees to divert river water into deteriorating wetlands and pumping of dredged sediment, often for long distances, for marsh creation. Global climate change and decreasing availability and increasing cost of energy are likely to have important implications for delta restoration. Coastal restoration efforts will have to be more intensive to offset the impacts of climate change including accelerated sea level rise and changes in precipitation patterns. Future coastal restoration efforts should also focus on less energy-intensive, ecologically engineered management techniques that use the energies of nature as much as possible. Diversions may be as important for controlling salinity as for providing sediments and nutrients for restoring coastal wetlands. Energy-intensive pumping-dredged sediments for coastal restoration will likely become much more expensive in the future. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70894 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Olentangy River Wetland Res Pk, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. Inst Ecol AC, Coastal Ecosyst Unit, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM johnday@lsu.edu NR 71 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 8 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 253 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.11.015 PG 13 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 940ZI UT WOS:000230184000002 ER PT J AU Hall, SA Burke, IC Box, DO Kaufmann, MR Stoker, JM AF Hall, SA Burke, IC Box, DO Kaufmann, MR Stoker, JM TI Estimating stand structure using discrete-return lidar: an example from low density, fire prone ponderosa pine forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon stocks; fire-behavior-model input layers; information-theoretic techniques; lidar; low density forests; stand structure ID AIRBORNE SCANNING LASER; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; TREE HEIGHT; CROWN FIRE; ECOSYSTEM; OREGON; RADAR; RESTORATION; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION AB The ponderosa pine forests of the Colorado Front Range, USA, have historically been subjected to wildfires. Recent large bums have increased public interest in fire behavior and effects, and scientific interest in the carbon consequences of wildfires. Remote sensing techniques can provide spatially explicit estimates of stand structural characteristics. Some of these characteristics can be used as inputs to fire behavior models, increasing our understanding of the effect of fuels on fire behavior. Others provide estimates of carbon stocks, allowing us to quantify the carbon consequences of fire. Our objective was to use discrete-return lidar to estimate such variables, including stand height, total aboveground biomass, foliage biomass, basal area, tree density, canopy base height and canopy bulk density. We developed 39 metrics from the lidar data, and used them in limited combinations in regression models, which we fit to field estimates of the stand structural variables. We used an information-theoretic approach to select the best model for each variable, and to select the subset of lidar metrics with most predictive potential. Observed versus predicted values of stand structure variables were highly correlated, with r(2) ranging from 57% to 87%. The most parsimonious linear models for the biomass structure variables, based on a restricted dataset, explained between 35% and 58% of the observed variability. Our results provide us with useful estimates of stand height, total aboveground biomass, foliage biomass and basal area. There is promise for using this sensor to estimate tree density, canopy base height and canopy bulk density, though more research is needed to generate robust relationships. We selected 14 lidar metrics that showed the most potential as predictors of stand structure. We suggest that the focus of future lidar studies should broaden to include low density forests, particularly systems where the vertical structure of the canopy is important, such as fire prone forests. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. 3Di Technol Inc, Dept Engn & Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Hall, SA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM shall@cnr.colostate.edu RI Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009; OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399; Stoker, Jason/0000-0003-2455-0931 NR 59 TC 126 Z9 134 U1 7 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-3 BP 189 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.12.001 PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 909LF UT WOS:000227860700014 ER PT J AU Knapp, EE Keeley, JE Ballenger, EA Brennan, TJ AF Knapp, EE Keeley, JE Ballenger, EA Brennan, TJ TI Fuel reduction and coarse woody debris dynamics with early season and late season prescribed fire in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE burning season; conifer forest; duff; organic matter; surface fuel; woody fuel ID SEQUOIA-NATIONAL-PARK; PONDEROSA PINE; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY; BEHAVIOR; REGIMES; LOGS; CONSERVATION; PERSPECTIVE AB Fire exclusion has led to an unnatural accumulation and greater spatial continuity of organic material on the ground in many forests. This material serves both as potential fuel for forest fires and habitat for a large array of forest species. Managers must balance fuel reduction to reduce wildfire hazard with fuel retention targets to maintain other forest functions. This study reports fuel consumption and changes to coarse woody debris attributes with prescribed burns ignited under different fuel moisture conditions. Replicated early season burn, late season burn, and unburned control plots were established in old-growth mixed conifer forest in Sequoia National Park that had not experienced fire for more than 120 years. Early season burns were ignited during June 2002 when fuels were relatively moist, and late season bums were ignited during September/October 2001 when fuels were dry. Fuel loading and coarse woody debris abundance, cover, volume, and mass were evaluated prior to and after the burns. While both types of burns reduced fuel loading, early season burns consumed significantly less of the total dead and down organic matter than late season burns (67% versus 88%). This difference in fuel consumption between burning treatments was significant for most all woody fuel components evaluated, plus the litter and duff layers. Many logs were not entirely consumed therefore the number of logs was not significantly changed by fire - but burning did reduce log length, cover, volume, and mass. Log cover, volume, and mass were reduced to a lesser extent by early season burns than late season burns, as a result of higher wood moisture levels. Early season burns also spread over less of the ground surface within the burn perimeter (73%) than late season burns (88%), and were significantly patchier. Organic material remaining after a fire can dam sediments and reduce erosion, while unburned patches may help mitigate the impact of fire on fire-sensitive species by creating refugia from which these species can recolonize burned areas. Early season burns may be an effective means of moderating potential ecosystem damage when treating heavy and/or continuous fuels resulting from long periods of fire exclusion, if burning during this season is not detrimental to other forest functions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. US Geol Survey, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, HCR 89, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Knapp, EE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM eknapp@fs.fed.us NR 62 TC 89 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 208 IS 1-3 BP 383 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.016 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 909LF UT WOS:000227860700027 ER PT J AU Pluhar, CJ Coe, RS Sampson, DE Glen, JMG Monastero, FC Tanner, SB AF Pluhar, CJ Coe, RS Sampson, DE Glen, JMG Monastero, FC Tanner, SB TI Lava fingerprinting using paleomagnetism and innovative X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy: A case study from the Coso volcanic field, California SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Coso Range; fingerprinting; lava; paleomagnetism; XRF geochemistry ID SECULAR VARIATION; FLOWS AB [ 1] We demonstrate an efficient method of rigorously separating difficult-to-distinguish lavas into eruptive units based on paleomagnetic remanence direction and rapid X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ( XRF) for Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, and Nb of polished paleomagnetic core samples ( called PC XRF). Combined use of paleomagnetic remanence and PC XRF for lava fingerprinting allows correlation of individual eruptive units from one locality to another, permitting compilation of composite stratigraphy and paleomagentic measurement of relative vertical axis rotation of fault-bounded blocks. We test this lava fingerprinting method on rocks from the Coso volcanic field, California, against similar fingerprinting using XRF analysis by established methods. Resulting unit definitions and correlations are the same by both XRF techniques when coupled with paleomagnetic data, but at great time and cost savings with PC XRF. PC XRF analysis is possible because ( 1) matrix and grain size effects are minimal for the element set analyzed, ( 2) moderately phyric to aphyric polished paleomagnetic cores are already homogenous on spatial scales of 2 cm, and ( 3) use of element ratios cancels out some analytical uncertainties as well as minimizes effects of concentration variations due to fractional crystallization. Paleomagnetic remanence direction is an indispensable part of fingerprinting because it distinguishes flows of similar chemistry and can also place constraints on the duration of emplacement of each eruptive unit. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Geothermal Program Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Pluhar, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM cpluhar@es.ucsc.edu NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 6 AR Q04001 DI 10.1029/2004GC000707 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916HH UT WOS:000228375500001 ER PT J AU Burkhardt, MR ReVello, RC Smith, SG Zaugg, SD AF Burkhardt, MR ReVello, RC Smith, SG Zaugg, SD TI Pressurized liquid extraction using water/isopropanol coupled with solid-phase extraction cleanup for industrial and anthropogenic waste-indicator compounds in sediment SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE pressurized liquid extraction; solid-phase extraction; sediment ID SUBCRITICAL WATER EXTRACTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOIL; PHARMACEUTICALS; CONTAMINANTS; POLLUTANTS; MUSKS AB A broad range of organic compounds is recognized as environmentally relevant for their potential adverse effects on human and ecosystem health. This method was developed to better determine the distribution of 61 compounds that are typically associated with industrial and household waste as well as some that are toxic and known (or suspected) for endocrine-disrupting potential extracted from environmental sediment samples. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) coupled with solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to reduce sample preparation time, reduce solvent consumption to one-fifth of that required using dichloromethane-based Soxhlet extraction, and to minimize background interferences for full scan GC/MS analysis. Recoveries from spiked Ottawa sand, commercially available topsoil, and environmental stream sediment, fortified at 4-720 mu g per compound, averaged 76 +/- 13%. Initial method detection limits for single-component compounds ranged from 12.5 to 520 mu g/kg, based on 25 g samples. Results from 103 environmental sediment samples show that 36 out of 61 compounds (59%) were detected in at least one sample with concentrations ranging from 20 to 100,000 mu g/kg. The most frequently detected compound, betasitosterol, a plant sterol, was detected in 87 of the 103 (84.5%) environmental samples with a concentration range 360-100,000 mu g/kg. Results for a standard reference material using dichloromethane Soxhlet-based extraction are also compared. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Burkhardt, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mrburk@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD APR 4 PY 2005 VL 534 IS 1 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2004.11.023 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 914QS UT WOS:000228243200011 ER PT J AU Kalvelage, T Willems, J AF Kalvelage, T Willems, J TI Supporting users through integrated retrieval, processing, and distribution systems at the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th Congress of the International-Astronautical-Federation (IAF) CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2003 CL Bremen, GERMANY SP Int Astronaut Federat AB The US Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC) hosts the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC). The LP DAAC supports NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS), which is a series of polar-orbiting and low inclination satellites for long-term global observations of the land surface, biosphere, solid Earth, atmosphere, and oceans. The EOS Data and Information Systems (EOSDIS) was designed to acquire, archive, manage and distribute Earth observation data to the broadest possible user community. The LP DAAC is one of four DAACs that utilize the EOSDIS Core System (ECS) to manage and archive their data. Since the ECS was originally designed, significant changes have taken place in technology, user expectations, and user requirements. Therefore the LP DAAC has implemented additional systems to meet the evolving needs of scientific users, tailored to an integrated working environment. These systems provide a wide variety of services to improve data access and to enhance data usability through subsampling, reformatting, and reprojection. These systems also support the wide breadth of products that are handled by the LP DAAC. The LP DAAC is the primary archive for the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data; it is the only facility in the United States that archives, processes, and distributes data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission/Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on NASA's Terra spacecraft; and it is responsible for the archive and distribution of "land products" generated from data acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASAs Terra and Aqua satellites. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, EROS, Ctr Data, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Kalvelage, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS, Ctr Data, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM kalvelage@usgs.gov; willems@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD APR PY 2005 VL 56 IS 7 BP 681 EP 687 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.10.009 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 911WB UT WOS:000228035900004 ER PT J AU Grant, EHC Jung, RE Rice, KC AF Grant, EHC Jung, RE Rice, KC TI Stream salamander species richness and abundance in relation to environmental factors in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIANS; COMMUNITY; PH; ACIDIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; DENSITY; BIOMASS; FOREST; WATER AB Stream salamanders are sensitive to acid mine drainage and may be sensitive to acidification and low acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of a watershed. Streams in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, are subject to episodic acidification from precipitation events. We surveyed 25 in by 2 in transects located on the stream bank adjacent to the water channel in Shenandoah National Park for salamanders using a stratified random sampling design based on elevation, aspect and bedrock geology. A, We investigated the relationships of four species (Eurycea bislineata, Desmognathus fuscus, D. monticola and Gyrinophilus porphyriticus) to habitat and water quality variables. We did not find overwhelming evidence that stream salamanders are affected by the acid-base status of streams in Shenandoah National Park. Desmognathus fuscus and D. monticola abundance was greater both in streams that had a higher potential to neutralize acidification, and in higher elevation (> 700 m) streams. Neither abundance of E. bislineata nor species richness were related to any of the habitat variables. Our sampling method preferentially detected the adult age class of the study species and did not allow us to estimate Population sizes. We suggest that continued monitoring of stream salamander populations in SNP will determine the effects of stream acidification on these taxa. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USGS, Div Water Resources, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Grant, EHC (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014; OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496; Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2005 VL 153 IS 2 BP 348 EP 356 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)153[0348:SSSRAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 917ZT UT WOS:000228508600016 ER PT J AU Gunter, ME Singleton, E Bandli, BR Lowers, HA Meeker, GP AF Gunter, ME Singleton, E Bandli, BR Lowers, HA Meeker, GP TI Differentiation of commercial vermiculite based on statistical analysis of bulk chemical data: Fingerprinting vermiculite from Libby, Montana USA SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBOLES AB Major-, minor-, and trace-element compositions, as determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, were obtained on 34 samples of vermiculite to ascertain whether chemical differences exist to the extent of determining the source of commercial products. The sample set included ores from four deposits, seven commercially available garden products, and insulation from four attics. The trace-element distributions of Ba, Cr, and V can be used to distinguish the Libby vermiculite samples from the garden products. In general, the overall composition of the Libby and South Carolina deposits appeared similar, but differed from the South Africa and China deposits based on simple statistical methods. Cluster analysis provided a good distinction of the four ore types, grouped the four attic samples with the Libby ore, and, with less certainty, grouped the garden samples with the South Africa ore. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. MVA Inc, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Microbeam Lab, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Gunter, ME (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mgunter@uidaho.edu NR 21 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD APR PY 2005 VL 90 IS 4 BP 749 EP 754 DI 10.2138/am.2005.1789 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 915BQ UT WOS:000228273000025 ER PT J AU Seabury, CM Halbert, ND Gogan, PJP Templeton, JW Derr, JN AF Seabury, CM Halbert, ND Gogan, PJP Templeton, JW Derr, JN TI Bison PRNP genotyping and potential association with Brucella spp. seroprevalence SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bison; brucellosis; natural resistance; PRNP ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; PROTEIN GENE PRNP; CELLULAR PRION PROTEIN; WHITE-TAILED DEER; TRANSMEMBRANE FORM; SEQUENCE VARIATION; NATURAL SCRAPIE; PRP GENE; BOVINE AB The implication that host cellular prion protein (PrPC) may function as a cell surface receptor and/or portal protein for Brucella abortus in mice prompted an evaluation of nucleotide and amino acid variation within exon 3 of the prion protein gene (PRNP) for six US bison populations. A non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (T50C), resulting in the predicted amino acid replacement M17T (Met -> Thr), was identified in each population. To date, no variation (T50; Met) has been detected at the corresponding exon 3 nucleotide and/or amino acid position for domestic cattle. Notably, 80% (20 of 25) of the Yellowstone National Park bison possessing the C/C genotype were Brucella spp. seropositive, representing a significant (P = 0.021) association between seropositivity and the C/C genotypic class. Moreover, significant differences in the distribution of PRNP exon 3 alleles and genotypes were detected between Yellowstone National Park bison and three bison populations that were either founded from seronegative stock or previously subjected to test-and-slaughter management to eradicate brucellosis. Unlike domestic cattle, no indel polymorphisms were detected within the corresponding regions of the putative bison PRNP promoter, intron 1, octapeptide repeat region or 3'-untranslated region for any population examined. This study provides the first evidence of a potential association between nucleotide variation within PRNP exon 3 and the presence of Brucella spp. antibodies in bison, implicating PrPC in the natural resistance of bison to brucellosis infection. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Montana State Univ, USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Derr, JN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jderr@cvm.tamu.edu NR 57 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01240.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 907LQ UT WOS:000227720000002 PM 15771718 ER PT J AU Fong, TT Griffin, DW Lipp, EK AF Fong, TT Griffin, DW Lipp, EK TI Molecular assays for targeting human and bovine enteric viruses in coastal waters and their application for library-independent source tracking SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FECAL CONTAMINATION; FLORIDA-KEYS; WASTE-WATER; COMPARATIVE INACTIVATION; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; ADENOVIRUS TYPE-40; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SURFACE WATERS; NUCLEIC-ACIDS AB Rapid population growth and urban development along waterways and coastal areas have led to decreasing water quality. To examine the effects of upstream anthropogenic activities on microbiological water quality, methods for source-specific testing are required. In this study, molecular assays targeting human enteroviruses (HEV), bovine enteroviruses (BEV), and human adenoviruses (HAdV) were developed and used to identify major sources of fecal contamination in the lower Altamaha River, Georgia. Two-liter grab samples were collected monthly from five tidally influenced stations between July and December 2002. Samples were analyzed by reverse transcription- and nested-PCR. PCR results were confirmed by dot blot hybridization. Eleven and 17 of the 30 surface water samples tested positive for HAdV and HEV, respectively. Two-thirds of the samples tested positive for either HEV or HAdV, and the viruses occurred simultaneously in 26% of samples. BEV were detected in 11 of 30 surface water samples. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of both human and bovine enteric viruses was not significantly related to either fecal coliform or total coliform levels. The presence of these viruses was directly related to dissolved oxygen and streamflow but inversely related to water temperature, rainfall in the 30 days preceding sampling, and chlorophyll-a concentrations. The stringent host specificity of enteric viruses makes them good library-independent indicators for identification of water pollution sources. Viral pathogen detection by PCR is a highly sensitive and easy-to-use tool for rapid assessment of water quality and fecal contamination when public health risk characterization is not necessary. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr Coastal & Watershed St, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Lipp, EK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 206 Environm Hlth Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM elipp@uga.edu NR 66 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 BP 2070 EP 2078 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.4.2070-2078.2005 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 915UY UT WOS:000228338000052 PM 15812040 ER PT J AU Buratti, BJ Cruikshank, DP Brown, RH Clark, RN Bauer, JM Jaumann, R McCord, TB Simonelli, DP Hibbitts, CA Hansen, GB Owen, TC Baines, KH Bellucci, G Bibring, JP Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Coradini, A Drossart, P Formisano, V Langevin, Y Matson, DL Mennella, V Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C Roush, TL Soderlund, K Muradyan, A AF Buratti, BJ Cruikshank, DP Brown, RH Clark, RN Bauer, JM Jaumann, R McCord, TB Simonelli, DP Hibbitts, CA Hansen, GB Owen, TC Baines, KH Bellucci, G Bibring, JP Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Coradini, A Drossart, P Formisano, V Langevin, Y Matson, DL Mennella, V Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C Roush, TL Soderlund, K Muradyan, A TI Cassini visual and infrared mapping spectrometer observations of Iapetus: Detection of CO2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites : individual (Iapetus); solar system : formation ID DARK SIDE; H2O ICE; SURFACES; SPECTRA; LAPETUS; ORIGIN AB The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument aboard the Cassini spacecraft obtained its first spectral map of the satellite Iapetus in which new absorption bands are seen in the spectra of both the low-albedo hemisphere and the H2O ice-rich hemisphere. Carbon dioxide is identified in the low-albedo material, probably as a photochemically produced molecule that is trapped in H2O ice or in some mineral or complex organic solid. Other absorption bands are unidentified. The spectrum of the low-albedo hemisphere is satisfactorily modeled with a combination of organic tholin, poly-HCN, and small amounts of H2O ice and Fe2O3. The high-albedo hemisphere is modeled with H2O ice slightly darkened with tholin. The detection of CO2 in the low-albedo material on the leading hemisphere supports the contention that it is carbon-bearing material from an external source that has been swept up by the satellite's orbital motion. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. DLR, Inst Planetary Explorat, D-12484 Berlin, Germany. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Inst Geophys & Planetol, Planetary Geosci Div, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. CNR, Inst Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44322 Nantes, France. RP Buratti, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 183-501, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016; OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314 NR 21 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 622 IS 2 BP L149 EP L152 DI 10.1086/429800 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 912QH UT WOS:000228093800019 ER PT J AU Weakland, CA Wood, PB AF Weakland, CA Wood, PB TI Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) microhabitat and landscape-level habitat characteristics in southern west Virginia SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Cerulean Warbler; Dendroica cerulea; habitat; mining; territory density AB The Cerulean Warbler (Deudroica cerulea) is a species of conservation concern in eastern North America, where declines in its population have been documented over the past several decades. A high proportion of the population occurs in forested areas of southern West Virginia, where it may be threatened by loss and degradation of forested habitat from mountaintop mining and valley fill (MTMVF). We examined, from a landscape perspective, the effects of forest fragmentation (in particular, effects of fragment size and response to edges) on Cerulean Warblers, using territory mapping techniques and geographic information system (GIS) technology in portions of four counties in southwestern West Virginia. We quantified landscape characteristics from digitized aerial photographs and measured microhabitat characteristics on spot-mapping plots. Territory density of Cerulean Warblers was 4.6 territories per 10 ha in intact forest and 0.7 territories per 10 ha in fragmented forest. The best habitat model included both landscape and microhabitat variables and indicated that territory density increased with increasing snag density, percentage of canopy cover >6-12 m and >24 m in height, and distance from mine edge. Models for predicting microhabitat use at the territory level were weak, indicating that microhabitat characteristics of territories were similar to habitat available on spot-mapping plots. The species did not appear to avoid internal edges, such as natural canopy gaps and open-canopy or partially open-canopy roads. Territory placement on ridges was greater than expected, and in bottomlands (ravines) and midslopes less than expected, given availability. Fifty percent of all territories were on ridges. Preference for ridges suggests that MTMVF may have a greater effect on Cerulean Warbler populations than other sources of forest fragmentation, given that ridges are removed in MTMVF. Our data indicate that Cerulean Warblers are negatively affected by mountaintop mining from loss of forested habitat, particularly ridgetops, and from degradation of remaining forests, as evidenced by lower territory density in fragmented forests and lower territory density closer to mine edges. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Wood, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM pbwood@wvu.edu NR 24 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2005 VL 122 IS 2 BP 497 EP 508 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0497:CWDCMA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 924UI UT WOS:000229005600008 ER PT J AU Renfrew, RB Ribic, CA Nack, JL AF Renfrew, RB Ribic, CA Nack, JL TI Edge avoidance by nesting grassland birds: A futile strategy in a fragmented landscape SO AUK LA English DT Article DE edge; fragmentation; grassland birds; grazing; nest density; nest predation; pasture; predators ID BOBOLINKS DOLICHONYX-ORYZIVORUS; EAST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; PRAIRIE FRAGMENTATION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; FLEDGING SUCCESS; SONGBIRD NESTS; HABITAT EDGES; PREDATION; AREA AB Some grassland passerine species are considered area-sensitive, but the mechanisms underlying that phenomenon are not understood, particularly on grazed grasslands. Area sensitivity may result from edge avoidance or higher nest predation near edges, both of which may be influenced by predator activity or cattle-induced vegetational differences between pasture edge and interior. We assessed the effect of distance to edge on nest density and predation Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis), Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum), Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), and meadowlarks (Sturnella spp.) along wooded and nonwooded edges of Wisconsin pastures in 1998-2000 and the activity of potential mammalian nest predators along those edges in 2000-2001. We found a positive relationship between nest density and distance from edge for all edge types combined, but that was not the result of effects of wooded edges: we found no difference in density between nests located <50 or <100 m from wooded versus nonwooded (crop or grassland) edges. Models that included combinations of vegetation structure (e.g. concealment), initiation date, year, or edge variables (or all four) were poor predictors of the probability of nest predation. Placing nests away from edges, therefore, did not reduce the risk of nest predation. Eight species known to prey on grassland bird nests were documented along pasture edges, raccoon (Procyon lotor) being the most common. Frequency of raccoon and thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) visitation was higher along wooded edges and nonwooded edges, respectively. Cattle (Bos taurus) activity did not differentially affect vegetation height-density along edges compared with that in the pasture interior. Possible reasons for predation risk being similar in both pasture interiors and edges in a fragmented landscape include the ease with which predators can move within pastures, high percentage of resident grassland predators, and small size (median = 47.2 ha) of pastures. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Renfrew, RB (reprint author), Vermont Inst Nat Sci, 2723 Church Hill Rd, Woodstock, VT 05091 USA. EM rrenfrew@vinsweb.org NR 65 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 46 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2005 VL 122 IS 2 BP 618 EP 636 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0618:EABNGB]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 924UI UT WOS:000229005600018 ER PT J AU Jensen, WE Cully, JF AF Jensen, WE Cully, JF TI Geographic variation in brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism on Dickcissels (Spiza americana) in great plains tallgrass prairie SO AUK LA English DT Article DE brood parasitism; brown-headed cowbird; Dickcissel; geographic variation; Molothrus ater; Spiza americana ID BROOD PARASITISM; NEST SUCCESS; BIRDS; FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE; ABUNDANCE; KANSAS AB The incidence of brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater; hereafter "cowbirds") within host species typically reflects the continental pattern in cowbird abundance across North America, where parasitism is heaviest in the Great Plains. However, we found considerable variation in cowbird parasitism on Dickcissel (Spiza americana) nests within a subregion of the Great Plains (the Flint Hills), where the highest levels of cowbird parasitism on grassland bird nests had been previously reported. Local parasitism frequencies on Dickcissel nests varied latitudinally across the Flint Hills, ranging from 0% to 92% of nests parasitized. Interestingly, we found no obvious patterns in habitat or host attributes that were associated with this steep geographic gradient in brood parasitism. Cowbird parasitism on Dickcissel nests was not correlated with the vertical density of local prairie vegetation, mean nest distance to edge, proportion of forest to grassland habitat surrounding study sites (! 5 to 10 km), geographic variation in host abundance, or Dickcissel density or nest initiation dates. Parasitism frequencies and intensities (number of cowbird eggs per parasitized nest) on Dickissel nests were only significantly related to variation in local female cowbird density. Dickcissel clutch size and apparent fledging success were negatively correlated with local cowbird parasitism levels. Geographic patterns in cowbird abundance within and among regions should be considered when establishing conservation areas for grassland birds or other cowbird hosts of concern. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Jensen, WE (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 232 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jensenwi@ksu.edu NR 38 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2005 VL 122 IS 2 BP 648 EP 660 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0648:GVIBCM]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 924UI UT WOS:000229005600020 ER PT J AU Grant, TA Shaffer, TL Madden, EM Pietz, PJ AF Grant, TA Shaffer, TL Madden, EM Pietz, PJ TI Time-specific variation in passerine nest survival: New insights into old questions SO AUK LA English DT Article DE clay-colored sparrow; logistic exposure; nest survival; Pooecetes gramineus; Spizella pallida; vesper sparrow ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; AGE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SAVANNAH SPARROW; PREDATION; ECOLOGY; HABITAT; BIOLOGY; FIELDS; RATES AB Understanding nest survival is critical to bird conservation and to studies of avian life history. Nest survival likely varies with nest age and date, but until recently researchers had only limited tools to efficiently address those sources of variability. Beginning with Mayfield (1961), many researchers have averaged survival rates within time-specific categories (e.g. egg and nestling stages; early and late nesting dates). However, Mayfield's estimator assumes constant survival within categories, and violations of that assumption can lead to biased estimates. We used the logistic-exposure method to examine nest survival as a function of nest age and date in Clay-colored Sparrows (Spizella pallida) and Vesper Sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus) breeding in north-central North Dakota. Daily survival rates increased during egg laying, decreased during incubation to a low shortly after hatch, and then increased during brood rearing in both species. Variation in survival with nest age suggests that traditional categorical averaging using Mayfield's or similar methods would have been inappropriate for this study; similar variation may bias results of other studies. Nest survival also varied with date. For both species, survival was high during the peak of nest initiations in late May and early June and declined throughout the remainder of the nesting season. On the basis of our results, we encourage researchers to consider models of nest survival that involve continuous time-specific explanatory variables (e.g. nest age or date). We also encourage researchers to document nest age as precisely as possible (e.g. by candling eggs) to facilitate age-specific analyses. Models of nest survival that incorporate time-specific information may provide insights that are unavailable from averaged data. Determining time-specific patterns in nest survival may improve our understanding of predator-prey interactions, evolution of avian life histories, and aspects of population dynamics that are critical to bird conservation. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, J Clark Salyer Natl Wildlife Refuge, Upham, ND 58789 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Grant, TA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Med Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, 223 N Shore Rd, Med Lake, MT 59247 USA. EM todd_grant@fws.gov NR 59 TC 143 Z9 145 U1 5 U2 50 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2005 VL 122 IS 2 BP 661 EP 672 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0661:TVIPNS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 924UI UT WOS:000229005600021 ER PT J AU Pietz, PJ Granfors, DA AF Pietz, PJ Granfors, DA TI Parental nest defense on videotape: More reality than "myth" SO AUK LA English DT Editorial Material ID IDENTIFYING PREDATORS; SONGBIRD NESTS; CAMERAS; BIRDS; FOREST; FATES; EGG C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Pietz, PJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, 21932 State Highway 210, Fergus Falls, MN 56537 USA. EM pam_pietz@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2005 VL 122 IS 2 BP 701 EP 705 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0701:PNDOVM]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 924UI UT WOS:000229005600025 ER PT J AU Ullah, S Breitenbeck, GA Faulkner, SP AF Ullah, S Breitenbeck, GA Faulkner, SP TI Denitrification and N2O emission from forested and cultivated alluvial clay soil SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwood; denitrification; global climate change; greenhouse gas; nitrous oxide; sharkey soil; wetland restoration ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; WATER; CARBON; IRRIGATION; GRASSLAND; NITRATE; RATIO AB Restored forested wetlands reduce N loads in surface discharge through plant uptake and denitrification. While removal of reactive N reduces impact on receiving waters, it is unclear whether enhanced denitrification also enhances emissions of the 'greenhouse' gas N2O, thus compromising the water-quality benefits of restoration. This Study compares denitrification rates and N2O:N-2 emission ratios from Sharkey clay soil in a mature bottomland forest to those from all adjacent cultivated site in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Potential denitrification of forested soil was 2.4 times of cultivated soil. Using intact soil cores, denitrification rates of forested soil were 5.2, 6.6 and 2.0 times those of cultivated soil at 70, 85 and 100% water-filled pore space (WFPS), respectively. When NO3 was added, N2O emissions from forested soil were 2.2 times those of cultivated soil at 70% WFPS. At 85 and 100% WFPS, N2O emissions were not significantly different despite much greater denitrification rates in the forested soil because N2O:N-2 emission ratios declined more rapidly in forested soil as WFPS increased. These findings suggest that restoration of forested wetlands to reduce NO3 in surface discharge will not contribute significantly to the atmospheric burden of N2O. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Wetlands Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Breitenbeck, GA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM gbreite@lsu.edu NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2005 VL 73 IS 3 BP 499 EP 513 DI 10.1007/s10533-004-1565-0 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 963QA UT WOS:000231817700004 ER PT J AU Scott, JM Goble, DD AF Scott, JM Goble, DD TI A database for the ESA SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Law, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Scott, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2005 VL 55 IS 4 BP 299 EP 299 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0299:ADFTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 914UE UT WOS:000228252500001 ER PT J AU Manaker, DM Michael, AJ Burgmann, R AF Manaker, DM Michael, AJ Burgmann, R TI Subsurface structure and kinematics of the Calaveras-Hayward fault stepover from three-dimensional V-P and seismicity, San Francisco Bay region, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 1984 MORGAN HILL; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; COAST RANGES; SLIP; DEFORMATION; TOMOGRAPHY; TECTONICS; EVOLUTION AB The Calaveras and Hayward faults are major components of the San Andreas fault system in the San Francisco Bay region. Dextral slip is presumed to transfer from the Calaveras fault to the Hayward fault in the Mission Hills region, an area of uplift in the contractional stepover between the two faults. Here the estimated deep slip rates drop from 15 to 6 mm/yr on the Calaveras fault, and slip begins on the Hayward fault at an estimated 9 mm/yr. A lineament of microseismicity near the Mission fault links the seismicity on the Calaveras and Hayward faults and is presumed to be related directly to this slip transfer. However, geologic and seismologic evidence suggest that the Mission fault may not be the source of the seismicity and that the Mission fault is not playing a major role in the slip transfer. We perform a joint inversion for hypocenters and the 3D P-wave velocity structure of the stepover region using 477 earthquakes. We find strong velocity contrasts across the Calaveras and Hayward faults, corroborated by geologic, gravity, and aeromagnetic data. Detailed examination of two seismic lineaments in conjunction with the velocity model and independent geologic and geophysical evidence suggests that they represent the southern extension of a northeasterly dipping Hayward fault that splays off the Calaveras fault, directly accounting for the deep slip transfer. The Mission fault appears to be accommodating deformation within the block between the Hayward and Calaveras faults. Thus, the Calaveras and Hayward faults need to be considered as a single system for developing rupture scenarios for seismic hazard assessments. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Manaker, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Michael, Andrew/A-5059-2010 OI Michael, Andrew/0000-0002-2403-5019 NR 61 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 2 BP 446 EP 470 DI 10.1785/0120020202 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 925CF UT WOS:000229028400007 ER PT J AU Hartzell, S Guatteri, M Mai, PM Liu, PC Fisk, M AF Hartzell, S Guatteri, M Mai, PM Liu, PC Fisk, M TI Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion, Part II: Kinematic and dynamic modeling using theoretical Green's functions and comparison with the 1994 northridge earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE CALCULATIONS; KEN NANBU EARTHQUAKE; OMEGA-SQUARE MODEL; RUPTURE VELOCITY; LOS-ANGELES; INTRINSIC ATTENUATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RESOLUTION ANALYSIS; SPATIAL VARIATION; SEISMIC RESPONSE AB In the evolution of methods for calculating synthetic time histories of ground motion for postulated earthquakes, kinematic source models have dominated to date because of their ease of application. Dynamic models, however, which incorporate a physical relationship between important faulting parameters of stress drop, slip, rupture velocity, and rise time, are becoming more accessible. This article compares a class of kinematic models based on the summation of a fractal distribution of subevent sizes with a dynamic model based on the slip-weakening friction law. Kinematic modeling is done for the frequency band 0.2 to 10.0. Hz, dynamic models are calculated from 0.2 to 2.0. Hz. The strong motion data set for the 1994 Northridge earthquake is used to evaluate and compare the synthetic time histories. Source models are propagated to the far field by convolution with 1D and 3D theoretical Green's functions. In addition, the kinematic model is used to evaluate the importance of propagation path effects: velocity structure, scattering, and nonlinearity. At present, the kinematic model gives a better broadband fit to the Northridge ground motion than the simple slip-weakening dynamic model. In general, the dynamic model over-predicts rise times and produces insufficient shorter-period energy. Within the context of the slip-weakening model, the Northridge ground motion requires a short slip-weakening distance, on the order of 0.15 m or less. A more complex dynamic model including rate weakening or one that allows shorter rise times near the hypocenter may fit the data better. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Swiss Reinsurance Amer, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. ETH Honggerberg, Inst Geophys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. ATK Mission Res, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP Hartzell, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RI Mai, Paul Martin/C-3252-2014 OI Mai, Paul Martin/0000-0002-9744-4964 NR 86 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 15 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 2 BP 614 EP 645 DI 10.1785/0120040136 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 925CF UT WOS:000229028400019 ER PT J AU Fisher, MA Greene, HG Normark, WR Sliter, RW AF Fisher, MA Greene, HG Normark, WR Sliter, RW TI Neotectonics of the offshore Oak Ridge fault near Ventura, southern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE-RANGES; BASIN; HISTORY; GROWTH; SYSTEM; SHELF AB The Oak Ridge fault is a large-offset, south-dipping reverse fault that forms the south boundary of the Ventura Basin in southern California. Previous research indicates that the Oak Ridge fault south of the town of Ventura has been inactive since 200-400 ka ago and that the fault tip is buried by &SIM; 1 km of Quaternary sediment. However, very high-resolution and medium-resolution seismic reflection data presented here show a south-dipping fault, on strike with the Oak Ridge fault, that is truncated at 80 m depth by an unconformity that is probably at the base of late Pleistocene and Holocene sediment. Furthermore, if vertically aligned features in seismic reflection data are eroded remnants of fault scarps, then a subsidiary fault within the Oak Ridge system deforms the shallowest imaged sediment layers. We propose that this subsidiary fault has mainly left-slip offset. These observations of Holocene slip on the Oak Ridge fault system suggest that revision of the earthquake hazard for the densely populated Santa Clara River valley and the Oxnard coastal plain may be needed. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Fisher, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mfisher@usgs.gov; greene@mlml.calstate.edu NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 2 BP 739 EP 744 DI 10.1785/0120040126 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 925CF UT WOS:000229028400028 ER PT J AU Boore, DM AF Boore, DM TI On pads and filters: Processing strong-motion data SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BASE-LINE CORRECTION AB Processing of strong-motion data in many cases can be as straightforward as filtering the acceleration time series and integrating to obtain velocity and displacement. To avoid the introduction of spurious low-frequency noise in quantities derived from the filtered accelerations, however, care must be taken to append zero pads of adequate length to the beginning and end of the segment of recorded data. These padded sections of the filtered acceleration need to be retained when deriving velocities, displacements, Fourier spectra, and response spectra. In addition, these padded and filtered sections should also be included in the time series used in the dynamic analysis of structures and soils to ensure compatibility with the filtered accelerations. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 997,dlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 2 BP 745 EP 750 DI 10.1785/0120040160 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 925CF UT WOS:000229028400029 ER PT J AU Oye, V Ellsworth, WL AF Oye, V Ellsworth, WL TI Orientation of three-component geophones in the San Andreas Fault observatory at depth Pilot Hole, Parkfield, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE LOCATIONS; ZONE; HYDROCARBON; RESERVOIRS; WELL AB To identify and constrain the target zone for the planned SAFOD Main Hole through the San Andreas Fault (SAF) near Parkfield, California, a 32-level three-component (3C) geophone string was installed in the Pilot Hole (PH) to monitor and improve the locations of nearby earthquakes. The orientation of the 3C geophones is essential for this purpose, because ray directions from sources may be determined directly from the 3D particle motion for both P and S waves. Due to the complex local velocity structure, rays traced from explosions and earthquakes to the PH show strong ray bending. Observed azimuths are obtained from P-wave polarization analysis, and ray tracing provides theoretical estimates of the incoming wave field. The differences between the theoretical and the observed angles define the calibration azimuths. To investigate the process of orientation with respect to the assumed velocity model, we compare calibration azimuths derived from both a homogeneous and 3D velocity model. Uncertainties in the relative orientation between the geophone levels were also estimated for a cluster of 36 earthquakes that was not used in the orientation process. The comparison between the homogeneous and the 3D velocity model shows that there are only minor changes in these relative orientations. In contrast, the absolute orientations, with respect to global North, were significantly improved by application of the 3D model. The average data residual decreased from 13&DEG; to 7&DEG;, supporting the importance of an accurate velocity model. We explain the remaining residuals by methodological uncertainties and noise and with errors in the velocity model. C1 NORSAR, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Oye, V (reprint author), NORSAR, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 2 BP 751 EP 758 DI 10.1785/0120040130 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 925CF UT WOS:000229028400030 ER PT J AU Boal, CW Andersen, DE AF Boal, CW Andersen, DE TI Microhabitat characteristics of Lapland Longspur, Calcarius lapponicus, nests at Cape Churchill, Manitoba SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Calcarius lapponicus; Lapland Longspur; Chen caerulescens; Lesser Snow Goose; microhabitat; Cape Churchill; nesting habitat; Manitoba ID NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; BIRDS; ALASKA; GEESE AB We examined microsite characteristics at 21 Lapland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus) nests and land cover types in which they occurred in Wapusk National Park, Cape Churchill, Manitoba. Nests were located in four of six physiographic-vegetation land-cover types. Regardless of land-cover type, all but one nest was built on a pressure ridge or mound. Nests were built midway between the bottom and top of ridges or mounds with steeper slopes than was randomly available, Longspur nests had a distinctive southwest orientation (P < 0.001). Longspurs selected nest sites that consisted of comparatively greater amounts of shrub species and lesser amounts of moss than were randomly available. Nests were generally well concealed by vegetation (mean = 67.0%) and concealment was negatively associated with amount of graminoid species at the nest (P = 0.0005). Our nesting habitat data may facilitate a better understanding of breeding Lapland Longspur habitat requirements, and potential impacts of habitat degradation by increasing Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens) populations in the study area. C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 119 IS 2 BP 208 EP 213 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056FU UT WOS:000238507900009 ER PT J AU Sylvester, RM Freeling, SE Berry, CR AF Sylvester, RM Freeling, SE Berry, CR TI First record of the Plains Minnow, Hybognathus placitus, in Canada SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Plains Minnow; Hybognathus placitus; Hybognathus spp.; first record; range extension; Morgan Creek; Rock Creek; Saskatchewan; Canada ID CYPRINIDAE; TELEOSTEI; FISHES AB Seven Plains Minnows, Hybognathus placitus, Family Cyprinidae, were collected on 11 June 2003 from Morgan Creek, in Grasslands National Park, Saskatchewan, Canada. This collection is the first record of the species in Canada and extends the northern distribution limit of the species. Of 95 Hybognathus spp. collected at the site, only eight specimens were retained for positive identification because of the uncertain status of two conspecifics, the Western Silvery Minnow, H. argyritis, and the Brassy Minnow, H. hankinsoni, in Saskatchewan. Our findings should stimulate additional sampling to assess the identification and status of Hybognathus spp. in southwestern Saskatchewan. Accurate field identification of Hybognathus spp. remains an issue and collection of all specimens is recommended to accurately identify members within the genus. C1 Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Libby, MT 59923 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Sylvester, RM (reprint author), Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, 475 Fish Hatchery Rd, Libby, MT 59923 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 119 IS 2 BP 219 EP 223 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056FU UT WOS:000238507900011 ER PT J AU Murray, MP Pearl, CA Bury, RB AF Murray, MP Pearl, CA Bury, RB TI Apparent predation by Gray Jays, Perisoreus canadensis, on Long-toed Salamanders, Ambystoma macrodactylum, in the Oregon Cascade Range SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Gray Jay; Perisoreus canadensis; Long-toed Salamander; Ambystonia macrodactylum; amphibian; corvid; diet; larvae; pond ID BUFO-BOREAS; COLUMBIANUM; LARVAE AB We report observations of Gray Jays (Perisoreus canadensis) appearing to consume larval Long-toed Salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) in a drying subalpine pond in Oregon, USA. Corvids are known to prey upon a variety of anuran amphibians, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of predation by any corvid on aquatic salamanders. Long-toed Salamanders appear palatable to Gray Jays, and may provide a food resource to Gray Jays when salamander larvae are concentrated in drying temporary ponds. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Murray, MP (reprint author), Crater Lake Natl Pk,POB 7, Crater Lake, OR 97604 USA. EM Michael_Murray@nps.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 119 IS 2 BP 291 EP 292 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056FU UT WOS:000238507900018 ER PT J AU DeAngelis, DL Trexler, JC Loftus, WF AF DeAngelis, DL Trexler, JC Loftus, WF TI Life history trade-offs and community dynamics of small fishes in a seasonally pulsed wetland SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Building on Bevertons Legacy - Life History Variation and Fisheries Management CY AUG 11-14, 2003 CL Quebec, CANADA ID DISPERSAL; COEXISTENCE; COMPETITION; MOSQUITOFISH; EVERGLADES AB We used a one-dimensional, spatially explicit model to simulate the community of small fishes in the freshwater wetlands of southern Florida, USA. The seasonality of rainfall in these wetlands causes annual fluctuations in the amount of flooded area. We modeled fish populations that differed from each other only in efficiency of resource utilization and dispersal ability. The simulations showed that these trade-offs, along with the spatial and temporal variability of the environment, allow coexistence of several species competing exploitatively for a common resource type. This mechanism, while sharing some characteristics with other mechanisms proposed for coexistence of competing species, is novel in detail. Simulated fish densities resembled patterns observed in Everglades empirical data. Cells with hydroperiods less than 6 months accumulated negligible fish biomass. One unique model result was that, when multiple species coexisted, it was possible for one of the coexisting species to have both lower local resource utilization efficiency and lower dispersal ability than one of the other species. This counterintuitive result is a consequence of stronger effects of other competitors on the superior species. C1 Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci, Dept Biol & Biol Resources,Div USGS, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci ctr, Everglades Natl Pk Field Stn, Homestead, FL 33043 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci, Dept Biol & Biol Resources,Div USGS, POB 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 62 IS 4 BP 781 EP 790 DI 10.1139/F05-050 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 930LB UT WOS:000229416200007 ER PT J AU Keefer, ML Peery, CA Daigle, WR Jepson, MA Lee, SR Boggs, CT Tolotti, KR Burke, BJ AF Keefer, ML Peery, CA Daigle, WR Jepson, MA Lee, SR Boggs, CT Tolotti, KR Burke, BJ TI Escapement, harvest, and unknown loss of radio-tagged adult salmonids in the Columbia River - Snake River hydrosystem SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Building on Bevertons Legacy - Life History Variation and Fisheries Management CY AUG 11-14, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA ID SUMMER CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ATLANTIC SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; UPSTREAM MIGRATION; SURVIVAL RATES; MARKED ANIMALS; FRASER-RIVER AB Accurate estimates of escapement by adult anadromous salmonids are difficult, especially in large, multistock river systems. We used radiotelemetry and a fishery reward program to calculate escapement, harvest, and unaccounted for loss rates for 10 498 adult chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and 5324 steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during six return years in the Columbia River basin. Mean annual escapements to spawning sites, hatcheries, or the upper bounds of the monitored hydrosystem were 73.4% (spring-summer chinook salmon), 61.3% (fall chinook salmon), and 62.6% (steelhead). Mean reported harvest rates were 8.7% (spring-summer chinook), 22.0% (fall chinook), and 15.1% (steelhead) within the mainstem hydrosystem and 5.9%, 3.4%, and 5.7%, respectively, in lower hydrosystem tributaries. On average, 12%-17% of each run had unknown fates in the mainstem hydrosystem. Escapement, harvest, and loss varied significantly between runs and years, within runs between known-origin subbasin stocks, and between interdam river reaches. Multiyear quantitative assessments like this can reduce uncertainty, clarify inter- and intra-annual variability, and help managers better evaluate fisheries, identify conservation priorities, and help protect evolutionarily significant populations. C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Dept, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Keefer, ML (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Dept, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mkeefer@uidaho.edu NR 72 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 62 IS 4 BP 930 EP 949 DI 10.1139/F04-246 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 930LB UT WOS:000229416200021 ER PT J AU Schmid, JR Barichivich, WJ AF Schmid, JR Barichivich, WJ TI Developmental biology and ecology of the Kemp's ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys kempii, in the eastern Gulf of Mexico SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Cheloniidae; Lepidochelys kempii; sea turtle; ecology; developmental habitat; growth; morphometrics; sex ratio; physiology; Florida; USA ID CENTRAL COAST; CEDAR KEYS; FLORIDA; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; STRESS; GROWTH AB Historic records, incidental captures, and tagging data were compiled to provide information on the geographic and temporal size distributions, seasonal occurrence, local movements, growth rates, physiology, and resource utilization of Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. There appears to be an increasing size gradient from north to south in the eastern Gulf and a temporal shift to smaller size classes in recent years. The occurrence of Kemp's ridleys in nearshore waters is seasonal, but there are no data to indicate winter migrations. Aggregations of Kemp's ridleys in the northeastern region appear transitory, whereas the aggregations in east-central and southeast Gulf waters appear more residential. Growth data indicate a turtle would require 8-9 years to grow from 20 to 60 cm SCL and would mature in 10-11 years. Sex ratios in east Gulf aggregations of immature turtles were female-biased (2F:1M). Elevated testosterone levels and historic observations of ovarian follicles suggest gonadal maturation may begin at 40 cm SCL. Recent analyses of resource use in the northeastern Gulf suggest a possible ontogenetic shift in utilization of benthic habitats and the corresponding prey items. The eastern Gulf of Mexico is an important developmental area for Kemp's ridley sea turtles, but more information is needed in this region to adequately conserve and manage this critically endangered species. C1 Conservancy SW Florida, Naples, FL 34102 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Schmid, JR (reprint author), Conservancy SW Florida, 1450 Merrihue Dr, Naples, FL 34102 USA. EM jeffs@conservancy.org; jamie_barichivich@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 12 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 828 EP 834 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 964JG UT WOS:000231876400011 ER PT J AU Wang, N Besser, JM Buckler, DR Honegger, JL Ingersoll, CG Johnson, BT Kurtzweil, ML MacGregor, J McKee, MJ AF Wang, N Besser, JM Buckler, DR Honegger, JL Ingersoll, CG Johnson, BT Kurtzweil, ML MacGregor, J McKee, MJ TI Influence of sediment on the fate and toxicity of a polyethoxylated tallowamine surfactant system (MON 0818) in aquatic microcosms SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE surfactant; MON 0818; POEA; sediment; toxicity; dissipation ID RODEO(R); HERBICIDE; INVERTEBRATES; WASHINGTON; GLYPHOSATE; TROUT AB The fate and toxicity of a polyethoxylated tallowamine (POEA) surfactant system, MON 0818, was evaluated in water-sediment microcosms during a 4-d laboratory study. A surfactant solution of 8 mg l(-1) nominal concentration was added to each of nine 72-1 aquaria with or without a 3-cm layer of one of two natural sediments (total organic carbon (TOC) 1.5% or 3.0%). Control well water was added to each of nine additional 72-1 aquaria with or without sediment. Water samples were collected from the microcosms after 2, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 It of aging to conduct 48-h toxicity tests with Daphnia magna and to determine surfactant concentrations. Elevated mortality of D. magna (43-83%) was observed in overlying water sampled from water-only microcosms throughout the 96-h aging period, whereas elevated mortality (23-97%) was only observed in overlying water sampled from water-sediment microcosms during the first 24 h of aging. Measured concentrations of MON 0818 in water-only microcosms remained relatively constant (4-6 mg l(-1)) during the 96-h period, whereas the concentrations in overlying water from microcosms containing either of the two types of sediment dissipated rapidly, with half-lives of 13 h in the 3.0% TOC sediment and 18 h in the 1.5% TOC sediment. Both toxicity and the concentration of MON 0818 in overlying water decreased more rapidly in microcosms containing sediment with the higher percent TOC and clay and with a higher microbial biomass. Mortality of D. magna was significantly correlated with surfactant concentrations in the overlying water. These results indicate that the toxicity of the POEA surfactant in water rapidly declines in the presence of sediment due to a reduction in the surfactant concentration in the overlying water above the sediment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. ASCI Corp, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. Wildlife Int Ltd, Easton, MD 21601 USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM nwang@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 2005 VL 59 IS 4 BP 545 EP 551 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.009 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 920NY UT WOS:000228698600011 PM 15788177 ER PT J AU Akcakaya, HR Franklin, J Syphard, AD Stephenson, JR AF Akcakaya, HR Franklin, J Syphard, AD Stephenson, JR TI Viability of Bell's Sage Sparrow (Amphispiza belli ssp belli): Altered fire regimes SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Amphispiza belli ssp belli; coastal subshrub vegetation; dynamic spatial structure; fire rotation interval; habitat model; landscape model; metapopulation; Sage Sparrow; San Diego county; California; viability ID DYNAMIC LANDSCAPES; MANAGEMENT OPTIONS; METAPOPULATION; CALIFORNIA; MODELS; FOREST; BIRDS; CONSEQUENCES; RESTORATION; PERSISTENCE AB We modeled the viability of a Bell's Sage Sparrow (Amphispiza belli ssp. belli) metapopulation under different fire regimes in the foothills and mountains of San Diego County, California, USA. The approach integrates a landscape model, which predicts the vegetation composition and age under three fire regimes, a habitat model, which interprets the resulting landscape in terms of its suitability for the Sage Sparrow, and a metapopulation model, which predicts the viability of the species based on a dynamic spatial structure as determined by the landscape and the habitat models. Bell's Sage Sparrow depends on early-successional shrubland (chaparral) habitat, especially when the availability of preferred open coastal subshrub vegetation is limited. The three fire rotation intervals (FRI) used in the landscape model were "current" (30-yr), representing the effect of increased human ignitions; "natural" (90-yr), representing the historic shrubland fire regime at higher elevations without the effect of human ignitions; and "long" (150-yr), representing a hypothetical endpoint (very low fire frequency for southern California shrublands). The results indicated that the viability of the Sage Sparrow was highest under the "current" fire regime scenario, slightly lower (especially when population growth rate was low) under the "natural" scenario, and lowest under the "long" fire regime scenario. C1 Appl Biomath, Setauket, NY 11733 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bend, OR 97701 USA. RP Akcakaya, HR (reprint author), Appl Biomath, 100 N Country Rd, Setauket, NY 11733 USA. EM resit@ramas.com RI Akcakaya, H. Resit/A-7830-2008 OI Akcakaya, H. Resit/0000-0002-8679-5929 NR 57 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 521 EP 531 DI 10.1890/03-5378 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912ED UT WOS:000228059000010 ER PT J AU Wofford, JEB Gresswell, RE Banks, MA AF Wofford, JEB Gresswell, RE Banks, MA TI Influence of barriers to movement on within-watershed genetic variation of coastal cutthroat trout SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; dispersal barriers; habitat fragmentation; headwater streams isolation; Oncorhynchus clarki clarki; salmonids ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; BROWN TROUT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BULL TROUT; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; CONSERVATION STRATEGY; FOREST FRAGMENTATION AB Because human land use activities often result in increased fragmentation of aquatic and terrestrial habitats, a better understanding of the effects of fragmentation on the genetic heterogeneity of animal populations may be useful for effective management. We used eight microsatellites to examine the genetic structure of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) in Camp Creek, an isolated headwater stream in western Oregon. Our objectives were to determine if coastal cutthroat trout were genetically structured within streams and to assess the effects of natural and anthropogenic barriers on coastal cutthroat trout genetic variation. Fish sampling occurred at 10 locations, and allele frequencies differed significantly among all sampling sections. Dispersal barriers strongly influenced coastal cutthroat trout genetic structure and were associated with reduced genetic diversity and increased genetic differentiation. Results indicate that Camp Creek coastal cutthroat trout exist as many small, partially independent populations that are strongly affected by genetic drift. In headwater streams, barriers to movement can result in genetic and demographic isolation leading to reduced coastal cutthroat trout genetic diversity, and potentially compromising long-term population persistence. When habitat fragmentation eliminates gene flow among small Populations, similar results may occur in other species. C1 US Forest Serv, Sawtooth Natl Recreat Area, Ketchum, ID 83340 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Wofford, JEB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Sawtooth Natl Recreat Area, HC64 Box 8291, Ketchum, ID 83340 USA. EM jwofford@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 6 U2 58 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 628 EP 637 DI 10.1890/04-0095 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912ED UT WOS:000228059000019 ER PT J AU Stohlgren, TJ Guenther, DA Evangelista, PH Alley, N AF Stohlgren, TJ Guenther, DA Evangelista, PH Alley, N TI Patterns of plant species richness, rarity, endemism, and uniqueness in an arid landscape SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation strategies; Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument; Utah; USA; hotspots; normative species; plant species diversity; species-environment relationships ID ESCALANTE NATIONAL MONUMENT; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; GRAND STAIRCASE; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; FIRE; INVASIONS; UTAH AB Most current conservation literature focuses on the preservation of hotspots of species diversity and endemism, as if the two were geographically synonymous. At landscape scales this may not be the case. We collected data from 367 1000-m(2) plots in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah, USA, to show that: (1) the vast majority of plant species are locally rare; (2) species-rich areas are generally in rare, mesic, or high-elevation habitats such as aspen stands or riparian zones high in soil N and P; (3) endemic species (to the Colorado Plateau and the Monument) were generally found in relatively species-rich, but low-elevation, xeric vegetation type areas low in soil P; (4) unique species assemblages were found in areas moderately high in endemism and species richness; and (5) normative plant species were widely distributed, but more prevalent in species-rich, mesic sites high in soil fertility or disturbed sites, and significantly less prevalent in plots with endemic species. We show that primary hotspots of species richness, high endemism, and unique species assemblages are not co-located on the landscape. Hence, conservation strategies may have to consider a much broader concept of "hotspots" to adequately preserve native plant species and the processes that foster persistence. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM toms@NREL.Colostate.edu RI Evangelista, Paul/F-4801-2011; Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016 NR 49 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 715 EP 725 DI 10.1890/03-5352 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912ED UT WOS:000228059000026 ER PT J AU Rotella, JJ Hines, JE AF Rotella, JJ Hines, JE TI Effects of tag loss on direct estimates of population growth rate SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bias; capture probability; capture-recapture; direct estimation of population growth rate; population dynamics; tag loss ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; MARK-RECAPTURE; CANADA GEESE; SURVIVAL; BIAS; RETENTION; ANIMALS; LAMBDA; MODEL AB The temporal symmetry approach of R. Pradel can be used with capture-recapture data to produce retrospective estimates of a population's growth rate, lambda(i), and the relative contributions to lambda(i) from different components of the population. Direct estimation of lambda(i) provides an afternative to using population projection matrices to estimate asymptotic lambda and is seeing increased use. However, the robustness of direct estimates of lambda(1) to violations of several key assumptions has not yet been investigated. Here, we consider tag loss as a possible source of bias for scenarios in which the rate of tag loss is (1) the same for all marked animals in the population and (2) a function of tag age. We computed analytic approximations of the expected values for each of the parameter estimators involved in direct estimation and used those values to calculate bias and precision for each parameter estimator. Estimates of lambda(i) were robust to homogeneous rates of tag loss. When tag loss rates varied by tag age, bias occurred for some of the sampling situations evaluated, especially those with low capture probability, a high rate of tag loss, or both. For situations with low rates of tag loss and high capture probability, bias was low and often negligible. Estimates of contributions of demographic components to lambda(i) were not robust to tag loss. Tag loss reduced the precision of all estimates because tag loss results in fewer marked animals remaining available for estimation. Clearly tag loss should be prevented if possible, and should be considered in analyses of lambda(i), but tag loss does not necessarily preclude unbiased estimation of lambda(i). C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Rotella, JJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 4 BP 821 EP 827 DI 10.1890/04-1193 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 914YF UT WOS:000228263300002 ER PT J AU Huntington, TG AF Huntington, TG TI Can nitrogen sequestration explain the unexpected nitrate decline in New Hampshire streams? SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; NORTHERN HARDWOODS; ROOT DECOMPOSITION; CARBON STORAGE; SOIL-NITROGEN; TRENDS; USA; 20TH-CENTURY C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Huntington, TG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM thunting@usgs.gov OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 BP 331 EP 333 DI 10.1007/s10021-004-0105-z PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 937ON UT WOS:000229935500009 ER PT J AU Franco, EAD Budy, P AF Franco, EAD Budy, P TI Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the distribution of trout and salmon along a longitudinal stream gradient SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE cutthroat trout; exotics; competition; temperature; distribution; conservation ID BONNEVILLE CUTTHROAT TROUT; BROWN TROUT; NEW-ZEALAND; COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; ALTITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT STRUCTURE; WHIRLING DISEASE; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; TEMPERATURE; PATTERNS AB We examined the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the distribution, abundance, and condition of salmonid fishes along a stream gradient. We observed a longitudinal change in fish distribution with native cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki utah, and introduced brown trout, Salmo trutta, demonstrating a distinct pattern of allopatry. Cutthroat trout dominated high elevation reaches, while reaches at lower elevations were dominated by brown trout. A transition zone between these populations was associated with lower total trout abundance, consistent changes in temperature and discharge, and differences in dietary preference. Variation in cutthroat trout abundance was best explained by a model including the abundance of brown trout and diel temperature, whereas variation in brown trout abundance was best explained by a model including the abundance of cutthroat trout and discharge. These results suggest the potential for condition-mediated competition between the two species. The results from our study can aid biologists in prioritizing conservation activities and in developing robust management strategies for cutthroat trout. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, USGS Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Franco, EAD (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, USGS Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 49 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD APR PY 2005 VL 72 IS 4 BP 379 EP 391 DI 10.1007/s10641-004-2591-4 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 922ZI UT WOS:000228878000004 ER PT J AU Detenbeck, NE Cincotta, D Denver, JM Greenlee, SK Olsen, AR Pitchford, AM AF Detenbeck, NE Cincotta, D Denver, JM Greenlee, SK Olsen, AR Pitchford, AM TI Watershed-based survey designs SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Environment Monitoring and Assessment Program Symposium CY MAY 07-09, 2002 CL Kansas City, MO DE delineation; probability survey designs; watershed classification; watersheds ID UNITED-STATES; RESOURCES; SYSTEM; CLASSIFICATION AB Watershed-based sampling design and assessment tools help serve the multiple goals for water quality monitoring required under the Clean Water Act, including assessment of regional conditions to meet Section 305(b), identification of impaired water bodies or watersheds to meet Section 303(d), and development of empirical relationships between causes or sources of impairment and biological responses. Creation of GIS databases for hydrography, hydrologically corrected digital elevation models, and hydrologic derivatives such as watershed boundaries and upstream-downstream topology of subcatchments would provide a consistent seamless nationwide framework for these designs. The elements of a watershed-based sample framework can be represented either as a continuous infinite set defined by points along a linear stream network, or as a discrete set of watershed polygons. Watershed-based designs can be developed with existing probabilistic survey methods, including the use of unequal probability weighting, stratification, and two-stage frames for sampling. Case studies for monitoring of Atlantic Coastal Plain streams, West Virginia wadeable streams, and coastal Oregon streams illustrate three different approaches for selecting sites for watershed-based survey designs. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US Geol Survey, Dover, DE USA. WV Dept Nat Resources, Elkins, WV USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Detenbeck, NE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM detenbeck.naomi@epa.gov NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1-3 BP 59 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-4774-7 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910PD UT WOS:000227943100005 PM 15861987 ER PT J AU Luoma, SN Rainbow, PS AF Luoma, SN Rainbow, PS TI Why is metal bioaccumulation so variable? Biodynamics as a unifying concept SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; MUSSEL PERNA-VIRIDIS; TROPHIC TRANSFER; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; ZOOPLANKTON PREY; MACOMA-BALTHICA; MARINE COPEPODS; MYTILUS-EDULIS AB Ecological risks from metal contaminants are difficult to document because responses differ among species, threats differ among metals, and environmental influences are complex. Unifying concepts are needed to better tie together such complexities. Here we suggest that a biologically based conceptualization, the biodynamic model, provides the necessary unification for a key aspect in risk: metal bioaccumulation (internal exposure). The model is mechanistically based, but empirically considers geochemical influences, biological differences, and differences among metals. Forecasts from the model agree closely with observations from nature, validating its basic assumptions. The biodynamic metal bioaccumulation model combines targeted, high-quality geochemical analyses from a site of interest with parametrization of key physiological constants for a species from that site. The physiological parameters include metal influx rates from water, influx rates from food, rate constants of loss, and growth rates (when high). We compiled results from 15 publications that forecast species-specific bioaccumulation, and compare the forecasts to bioaccumulation data from the field. These data consider concentrations that cover 7 orders of magnitude. They include 7 metals and 14 species of animals from 3 phyla and 11 marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments. The coefficient of determination (RI) between forecasts and independently observed bioaccumulation from the field was 0.98. Most forecasts agreed with observations within 2-fold. The agreement suggests that the basic assumptions of the biodynamic model are tenable. A unified explanation of metal bioaccumulation sets the stage for a realistic understanding of toxicity and ecological effects of metals in nature. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Luoma, SN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM snluoma@usgs.gov RI ishak, ismarulyusda/E-3883-2012; Sullivan, Enid/F-3504-2012 NR 92 TC 418 Z9 444 U1 15 U2 196 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1921 EP 1931 DI 10.1021/es048947e PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913SF UT WOS:000228172600015 PM 15871220 ER PT J AU Lawrence, GB Lapenis, AG Berggren, D Aparin, BF Smith, KT Shortle, WC Bailey, SW Varlyguin, DL Babikov, B AF Lawrence, GB Lapenis, AG Berggren, D Aparin, BF Smith, KT Shortle, WC Bailey, SW Varlyguin, DL Babikov, B TI Climate dependency of tree growth suppressed by acid deposition effects on soils in northwest Russia SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RED SPRUCE; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; SUGAR MAPLE; ALUMINUM; INDICATORS; CALCIUM; LATITUDES; STRESS AB Increased tree growth in temperate and boreal forests has been proposed as a direct consequence of a warming climate. Acid deposition effects on nutrient availability may influence the climate dependency of tree growth, however. This study presents an analysis of archived soil samples that has enabled changes in soil chemistry to be tracked with patterns of tree growth through the 20th century. Soil samples collected in 1926, 1964, and 2001, near St. Petersburg, Russia, showed that acid deposition was likely to have decreased root-available concentrations of Ca (an essential element) and increased root-available concentrations of Al (an inhibitor of Ca uptake). These soil changes coincided with decreased diameter growth and a suppression of climate-tree growth relationships in Norway spruce. Expected increases in tree growth from climate warming may be limited by decreased soil fertility in regions of northern and eastern Europe, and eastern North America, where Ca availability has been reduced by acidic deposition. C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil Sci, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Dokuchaeg Cent Soil Museum, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. USDA, Res Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Campton, NH 03223 USA. Penn State Univ, GDA Corp, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. St Petersburg Forest Tech Acad, Dept Soil Sci, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Lawrence, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM glawrenc@usgs.gov OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 32 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7 BP 2004 EP 2010 DI 10.1021/es048759o PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913SF UT WOS:000228172600025 PM 15871230 ER PT J AU Edwards, KR Travis, SE Proffitt, CE AF Edwards, KR Travis, SE Proffitt, CE TI Genetic effects of a large-scale Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) dieback and recovery in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID LOUISIANA SALT-MARSH; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; WETLAND LOSS; RANUNCULUS-REPENS; PLANT-POPULATIONS; CLONAL DIVERSITY; DISTURBANCE; GROWTH; FACILITATION AB A large-scale dieback event struck marshes along the northwestern Gulf of Mexico coast during summer 2000, in apparent response to a prolonged and severe drought. Along the Louisiana coast, large areas of the dominant marsh species, Spartina alterniflora, turned brown, followed by death of at least the aboveground structures or entire plant mortality. Key ecological and genetic measures were studied in a dieback-affected marsh in southwest Louisiana (C83 marsh, Sabine National Wildlife Refuge), for which existed predieback ecologic and genetic datasets. Effects on genetic diversity only were studied in a second set of sites in southeastern Louisiana (near Bay Junop), where the dieback was more widespread. We hypothesized that stem density, live aboveground biomass, and genetic diversity would be significantly reduced compared to predieback conditions and to nearby unaffected marshes. Stem densities and biomass levels approached predieback conditions 14 months after first observance of the dieback in the Sabine marsh and were similar to or exceeded the same measures for a nearby unaffected marsh. DNA extracted from leaf samples in the Sabine and Bay Junop sites was used to construct genotype profiles using AFLPs and analyzed using the complement of Simpson's Index (1-D), the richness measure G/N, average heterozygosity < H >, and the estimated proportion of polymorphic genes < P >. Genetic diversity was relatively unaffected by the dieback at either the Sabine or Bay Junop sites. Evidence from field observations and the results of the genetic analyses suggest that seedling recruitment is an important factor in the recovery of both the Bay Junop and C83 sites, although re-growth from surviving below-ground rhizomes appeared to dominate recovery at the latter site. Survival of below-ground structures, leading to the rapid recovery observed, indicates a high level of resilience of the Sabine marsh to drought-induced stress. Still, the genetic diversity of S. alterniflora-dominated marshes may be promoted by occasional disturbance events, which produce open areas in which seedling recruitment can occur. C1 McNeese State Univ, Louisiana Environm Res Ctr, Lake Charles, LA 70609 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Univ S Bohemia, Fac Biol Sci, Dept Ecol, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. EM kredwards59@yahoo.com NR 80 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 16 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD APR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 204 EP 214 DI 10.1007/BF02732855 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 928LV UT WOS:000229274000003 ER PT J AU James-Pirri, MJ Tuxbury, K Marino, S Koch, S AF James-Pirri, MJ Tuxbury, K Marino, S Koch, S TI Spawning densities, egg densities, size structure, and movement patterns of spawning horseshoe crabs, limulus polyphemus, within four coastal embayments on Cape Cod, Massachusetts SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID DELAWARE-BAY; BEACH CHARACTERISTICS; PLEASANT BAY; ABUNDANCE; POPULATIONS; SHOREBIRDS; MIGRATION; STOPOVER; BEHAVIOR AB Spawning densities, spawning indices, egg densities, size distributions, and movement patterns of horseshoe crabs (Limulus Polyphemus) were quantified for four coastal embayments (Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, Pleasant Bay, Nauset Estuary, and Cape Cod Bay) on Cape Cod, Massachusetts from 2000 to 2002. Spawning activity was highest from mid May through mid June, but densities varied throughout the Cape Cod region. Average spawning densities (male and female crabs combined), measured using 25-m(2) quadrats, were lower than 1 crab 25 m(-2), although certain locations had consistently higher densities averaging 2 to 3 crabs 25 m(-2) With individual survey densities recorded as high as 17 crabs 25 m(-2). Spawning densities during night surveys were either similar or slightly higher than day surveys, except at a few sites within Pleasant Bay. Spawning indices were considerably lower ranging from 0 to 1.3 females 25 m(-2) throughout the Cape Cod region. Spawning sex ratios varied from 1:1.6 to 1:3.1 (females:males) throughout the region, except within Pleasant Bay where highly male skewed ratios were observed (e.g., 1:5.8, 3-yr average). Egg densities were low overall (< 1 egg cm(-2)) throughout Cape Cod and egg densities tended to be higher in deeper sediments (5-20 cm deep) compared to shallow sediments (0-5 cm deep) at most locations. Over 7,800 horseshoe crabs were tagged on Cape Cod from 2000 to 2002. Average size and size frequency distributions of tagged crabs varied among regions. Larger individuals were observed at Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge while the smallest individuals were from Cape Cod Bay. We documented an overall recapture rate of 6.7% and our tag-recapture data indicated that 62% of crabs were recaptured at the original tagging location and 70% of recaptures traveled less than 2 km from the original tagging location, providing evidence for localized populations on Cape Cod. We have observed that horseshoe crabs differ among embayments within a regional area, suggesting the potential need for management plans specific to embayments or subregions depending on the characteristics of a population. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Wellfleet Bay Wildlife Sanctuary, Massachusetts Audubon Soc, S Wellfleet, MA 02663 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Monomoy Natl Wildlife Refuge, Chatham, MA 02623 USA. RP James-Pirri, MJ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Box 8, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mjjp@gso.uri.edu NR 49 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD APR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 296 EP 313 DI 10.1007/BF02732863 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 928LV UT WOS:000229274000011 ER PT J AU Hamilton, JB Curtis, GL Snedaker, SM White, DK AF Hamilton, JB Curtis, GL Snedaker, SM White, DK TI Distribution of anadromous fishes in the Upper Klamath River watershed prior to hydropower dams - A synthesis of the historical evidence SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SALMON AB Knowledge of the historical distribution of anadromous fish is important to guide management decisions regarding the Klamath River including ongoing restoration and regional recovery of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Using various sources, we determined the historical distribution of anadromous fish above Iron Gate Dam. Evidence for the largest, most utilized species, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), was available from multiple sources and clearly showed that this species historically migrated upstream into tributaries of Upper Klamath Lake. Available information indicates that the distribution of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) extended to the Klamath Upper Basin as well. Coho salmon and anadromous lamprey (Lampetra tri-dentata) likely were distributed upstream at least to the vicinity of Spencer Creek. A population of anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) may have occurred historically above Iron Gate Dam. Green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris), chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki), and eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) were restricted to the Klamath River well below Iron Gate Dam. This synthesis of available sources regarding the historical extent of these species' upstream distribution provides key information necessary to guide management and habitat restoration efforts. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka Fish & Wildlife Off, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. US Bur Land Management, Klamath Falls, OR USA. NOAA Fisheries, Santa Rosa, CA USA. RP Hamilton, JB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka Fish & Wildlife Off, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. EM John_Hamilton@fws.gov NR 46 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD APR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 4 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2005)30[10:DOAFIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 914RC UT WOS:000228244300006 ER PT J AU Burn, DM Doroff, AM AF Burn, DM Doroff, AM TI Decline in sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations along the Alaska Peninsula, 1986-2001 SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB During the 1990s, sea otter (Enhydra lutris) counts in the Aleutian archipelago decreased by 70% throughout the archipelago between 1992 and 2000. Recent aerial surveys in the Aleutians did not identify the eastward extent of the decline; therefore we conducted an aerial survey along the Alaska Peninsula for comparison with baseline information. Since 1986, abundance estimates in offshore habitat have declined by 27-49% and 93-94% in northern and southern Alaska Peninsula study areas, respectively. During this same time period, sea otter density has declined by 63% along the island coastlines within the south Alaska Peninsula study area. Between 1989 and 2001, sea otter density along the southern coastline of the Alaska Peninsula declined by 35% to the west of Castle Cape but density increased by 4% to the east, which may indicate an eastward extent of the decline. In all study areas, sea otters were primarily concentrated in bays and lagoon, whereas historically, large rafts of otters had been distributed offshore. The population declines observed along the Alaska Peninsula occurred at roughly the same time as declines in the Aleutian islands to the east and the Kodiak archipelago to the west. Since the mid-1980s, the sea otter population throughout southwest Alaska has declined overall by an estimated 56-68%, and the decline may be one of the most significant sea otter conservation issues in our time. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Burn, DM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management Off, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM douglas_burn@fws.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 21 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2005 VL 103 IS 2 BP 270 EP 279 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 927BG UT WOS:000229166800004 ER PT J AU Ruggerone, GT Farley, E Nielsen, J Hagen, P AF Ruggerone, GT Farley, E Nielsen, J Hagen, P TI Seasonal marine growth of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in relation to competition with Asian pink salmon (O-gorbuscha) and the 1977 ocean regime shift SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC NORTH PACIFIC; ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS; ANNULUS FORMATION; BERING SEA; CLIMATE; ALASKA; GULF; VARIABILITY; SCALES; LIFE AB Recent research demonstrated significantly lower growth and survival of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during odd-numbered years of their second or third years at sea (1975, 1977, etc.), a trend that was opposite that of Asian pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) abundance. Here we evaluated seasonal growth trends of Kvichak and Egegik river sockeye salmon (Bristol Bay stocks) during even- and odd-numbered years at sea by measuring scale circuli increments within each growth zone of each major salmon age group between 1955 and 2000. First year scale growth was not significantly different between odd- and even-numbered years, but peak growth of age-2. smolts was significantly higher than age-1. smolts. Total second and third year scale growth of salmon was significantly lower during odd- than during even-numbered years. However, reduced scale growth in odd-numbered years began after peak growth in spring and continued through summer and fall even though most pink salmon had left the high seas by late July (10-18% growth reduction in odd vs. even years). The alternating odd and even year growth pattern was consistent before and after the 1977 ocean regime shift. During 1977-2000, when salmon abundance was relatively great, sockeye salmon growth was high during specific seasons compared with that during 1955-1976, that is to say, immediately after entry to Bristol Bay, after peak growth in the first year, during the middle of the second growing season, and during spring of the third season. Growth after the spring peak in the third year at sea was relatively low during 1977-2000. We hypothesize that high consumption rates of prey by pink salmon during spring through mid-July of odd-numbered years, coupled with declining zooplankton biomass during summer and potentially cyclic abundances of squid and other prey, contributed to reduced prey availability and therefore reduced growth of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon during late spring through fall of odd-numbered years. C1 Nat Resources Consultants Inc, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. RP Ruggerone, GT (reprint author), Nat Resources Consultants Inc, 1900 W Nickerson St,Suite 207, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. EM GRuggerone@nrccorp.com NR 51 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2005 VL 103 IS 2 BP 355 EP 370 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 927BG UT WOS:000229166800011 ER PT J AU Gray, BR Haro, RJ Rogala, JT Sauer, JS AF Gray, BR Haro, RJ Rogala, JT Sauer, JS TI Modelling habitat associations with fingernail clam (Family : Sphaeriidae) counts at multiple spatial scales using hierarchical count models SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hierarchical model; LTRMP; Musculium; negative binomial; nonlinear mixed model; Sphaeridae; suspended solids ID PATTERNS; REFUGIA; STREAM; RIVER AB 1. Macroinvertebrate count data often exhibit nested or hierarchical structure. Examples include multiple measurements along each of a set of streams, and multiple synoptic measurements from each of a set of ponds. With data exhibiting hierarchical structure, outcomes at both sampling (e.g. within stream) and aggregated (e.g. stream) scales are often of interest. Unfortunately, methods for modelling hierarchical count data have received little attention in the ecological literature. 2. We demonstrate the use of hierarchical count models using fingernail clam (Family: Sphaeriidae) count data and habitat predictors derived from sampling and aggregated spatial scales. The sampling scale corresponded to that of a standard Ponar grab (0.052 m(2)) and the aggregated scale to impounded and backwater regions within 38-197 km reaches of the Upper Mississippi River. Impounded and backwater regions were resampled annually for 10 years. Consequently, measurements on clams were nested within years. Counts were treated as negative binomial random variates, and means from each resampling event as random departures from the impounded and backwater region grand means. 3. Clam models were improved by the addition of covariates that varied at both the sampling and regional scales. Substrate composition varied at the sampling scale and was associated with model improvements, and reductions (for a given mean) in variance at the sampling scale. Inorganic suspended solids (ISS) levels, measured in the summer preceding sampling, also yielded model improvements and were associated with reductions in variances at the regional rather than sampling scales. ISS levels were negatively associated with mean clam counts. 4. Hierarchical models allow hierarchically structured data to be modelled without ignoring information specific to levels of the hierarchy. In addition, information at each hierarchical level may be modelled as functions of covariates that themselves vary by and within levels. As a result, hierarchical models provide researchers and resource managers with a method for modelling hierarchical data that explicitly recognises both the sampling design and the information contained in the corresponding data. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Gray, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM brgray@usgs.gov OI Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 50 IS 4 BP 715 EP 729 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01350.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 906NE UT WOS:000227648100015 ER PT J AU Ganio, LM Torgersen, CE Gresswell, RE AF Ganio, LM Torgersen, CE Gresswell, RE TI A geostatistical approach for describing spatial pattern in stream networks SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID ESTUARIES AB The shape and configuration of branched networks influence ecological patterns and processes. Recent investigations of network influences in riverine ecology stress the need to quantify spatial structure not only in a two-dimensional plane, but also in networks. An initial step in understanding data from stream networks is discerning non-random patterns along the network. On the other hand, data collected in the network may be spatially autocorrelated and thus not suitable for traditional statistical analyses. Here we provide a method that uses commercially available software to construct an empirical variogram to describe spatial pattern in the relative abundance of coastal cutthroat trout in headwater stream networks. We describe the mathematical and practical considerations involved in calculating a variogram using a non-Euclidean distance metric to incorporate the network pathway structure in the analysis of spatial variability and use a non-parametric technique to ascertain if the pattern in the empirical variogram is non-random. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland & Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Ganio, LM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lisa.ganio@oregonstate.edu NR 35 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 30 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2005 VL 3 IS 3 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0138:AGAFDS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913TU UT WOS:000228177000019 ER PT J AU Sklar, FH Chimney, MJ Newman, S McCormick, P Gawlik, D Miao, SL McVoy, C Said, W Newman, J Coronado, C Crozier, G Korvela, M Rutchey, K AF Sklar, FH Chimney, MJ Newman, S McCormick, P Gawlik, D Miao, SL McVoy, C Said, W Newman, J Coronado, C Crozier, G Korvela, M Rutchey, K TI The ecological-societal underpinnings of Everglades restoration SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID NORTHERN EVERGLADES; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; PHOSPHORUS ENRICHMENT; PERIPHYTON RESPONSES; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; ECOSYSTEM; USA; WETLAND AB The biotic integrity of the Florida Everglades, a wetland of immense international importance, is threatened as a result of decades of human manipulation for drainage and development. Past management of the system only exacerbated the problems associated with nutrient enrichment and disruption of regional hydrology. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) now being implemented by Federal and State governments is an attempt to strike a balance between the needs of the environment with the complex management of water and the seemingly unbridled economic growth of southern Florida. CERP is expected to reverse negative environmental trends by "getting the water right", but successful Everglades restoration will require both geochemical and hydrologic intervention on a massive scale. This will produce ecological trade-offs and will require new and innovative scientific measures to (1) reduce total phosphorus concentrations within the remaining marsh to 10 mu g/L or lower; (2) quantify and link ecological benefits to the restoration of depths, hydroperiods, and flow velocities; and (3) compensate for ecological, economic, and hydrologic uncertainties in the CERP through adaptive management. C1 S Florida Management Dist, Everglades Div, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Sklar, FH (reprint author), S Florida Management Dist, Everglades Div, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. EM fsklar@sfwmd.gov NR 47 TC 110 Z9 117 U1 5 U2 55 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2005 VL 3 IS 3 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0161:TEUOER]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913TU UT WOS:000228177000022 ER PT J AU Patino, R Bolamba, D Thomas, P Kumakura, N AF Patino, R Bolamba, D Thomas, P Kumakura, N TI Effects of external pH on hormonally regulated ovarian follicle maturation and ovulation in Atlantic croaker SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ovarian follicle; maturation; ovulation; ovarian fluid; pH; fish; teleost ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-RHODURUS; OOCYTE MATURATION; GONADOTROPIN RECEPTORS; INVITRO OVULATION; TROUT; PROSTAGLANDIN; ALKALIZATION; COMPETENCE; INDUCTION; TELEOST AB in vitro studies of ovarian follicle maturation and ovulation in teleost fishes typically are conducted within a narrow range (7.5-7.8) of constant external (medium) pH, although there is evidence that pH can influence ovulation. Therefore, this study with Atlantic croaker investigated the effects of external pH on hormonally regulated in vitro maturation and ovulation as well as changes in the pH of ovarian fluid during in vivo maturation and ovulation. For the in vitro experiments, follicles were first incubated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce maturational and ovulatory competencies, and then with maturation-inducing hormone (MIH) to induce completion of maturation and ovulation. At a constant external pH within the range of 7.0-8.2, the lower pH levels (7.0-7.3) generally inhibited or slowed down hormonally induced maturation and ovulation whereas higher pH (7.6-8.2) facilitated these processes. When ovarian follicles were incubated at a constant pH of 7.6 during the priming incubation with hCG, changing the external pH during the incubation with MIH had relatively little effect on oocyte maturation or ovulation. Thus, the inhibitory effect of constant low levels of external pH (7.0-7.3) on maturation and ovulation may be primarily due to disruptions in the gonadotropin-dependent acquisition of maturational and ovulatory competencies. The pH of ovarian fluid remained constant at 8.5 during in vivo ovarian follicle maturation and ovulation. Subsequent in vitro tests showed that external pH of 8.5 enhances hormonally induced maturation and ovulation relative to pH of 7.6. These observations suggest that attention should be paid to the pH of incubation media used in basic research and in biotechnological applications relying on in vitro maturation and ovulation in teleosts. Further, an understanding of the physiological significance of the enhancing effect of alkaline pH on maturation and ovulation will require determination of the intrafollicular pH around the oocyte during the periovulatory period. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. RP Patino, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 141 IS 2 BP 126 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.12.006 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 905VO UT WOS:000227599100003 PM 15748713 ER PT J AU Hochella, MF Moore, JN Putnis, CV Putnis, A Kasama, T Eberl, DD AF Hochella, MF Moore, JN Putnis, CV Putnis, A Kasama, T Eberl, DD TI Direct observation of heavy metal-mineral association from the Clark Fork River Superfund Complex: Implications for metal transport and bioavailability SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS IRON OXYHYDROXIDE; ADSORPTION; BIOFILMS; DRAINAGE; MONTANA; SYSTEMS; IMPACT; WASTES; ZNS; PB AB Two sets of samples from riverbeds and adjacent floodplains, separated by 80 river kilometers, were collected from the Clark Fork River Superfund Complex, Montana, (the largest Superfund site in the United States), and studied primarily with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with several supporting techniques to determine heavy metal-mineral association. Seven of the eight samples studied were strongly influenced by material that once resided in mining and smelting dumps and impoundments; this material was transported downstream sometime during the last century and a half from the Butte/Anaconda areas. The eighth sample was from a deeper floodplain level and dates to premining days. The TEM observations afford a direct look, down to the nanometer level, at secondary mineral formation as a result of the breakdown of sulfides and silicates in the acid environment of this massive mine-drainage system. In the shallow, oxic floodplain sediments, heavy metals of concern in this system (As, Cu, Ph, and Zn) are taken up by the formation of sulfates (particularly Ph in jarosite), as well as hydrous metal oxides (As, Cu, Pb, and Zn in and on ferrihydrite, and a possibly new vernadite-like mineral). The oxides are long-lived in these systems, as they were also found in the anoxic riverbeds. Metals are also taken up by the formation of sulfides in sulfatereducing environments as observed in the formation of nanoclusters of chalcopyrite and sphalerite. In all samples, clays make up between 5 and 20% of the sediment and carry significant amounts of Cu and Zn. The hydrous oxides, secondary sulfides, and clays provide several routes for metal transport downstream over long distances. Besides the potential bioavailability of heavy metals exchanged on and off the hydrous metal oxides and clays, nanometer-sized sulfides may also be highly reactive in the presence of biologic systems. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Nanogeosci & Technol Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Geol, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Mineral & Interdisciplinary, Ctr Electron Microscopy & Microanal, D-48149 Munster, Germany. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80303 USA. RP Hochella, MF (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Nanogeosci & Technol Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM hochella@vt.edu RI Kasama, Takeshi/K-5383-2012; OI Putnis, Andrew/0000-0003-2232-9942; Putnis, Christine V./0000-0002-8073-9280; Putnis, Christine Veta/0000-0002-9551-659X NR 35 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 7 BP 1651 EP 1663 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.07.038 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916EC UT WOS:000228367200001 ER PT J AU Bischoff, JL Wooden, J Murphy, F Williams, RW AF Bischoff, JL Wooden, J Murphy, F Williams, RW TI U/Th dating by SHRIMP RG ion-microprobe mass spectrometry using single ion-exchange beads SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC-ROCKS; URANIUM; TH-230/TH-232; CALDERA; ZIRCONS; RATIOS AB We present a new analytical method for U-series isotopes using the SHRIMP RG (Sensitive High mass Resolution Ion MicroProbe) mass spectrometer that utilizes the preconcentration of the U-series isotopes from a sample onto a single ion-exchange bead. Ion-microprobe mass spectrometry is capable of producing Th ionization efficiencies in excess of 2%. Analytical precision is typically better than alpha spectroscopy, but not as good as thermal ionization mass spectroscopy (TIMS) and inductively coupled plasma multicollector mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Like TIMS and ICP-MS the method allows analysis of small samples sizes, but also adds the advantage of rapidity of analysis. A major advantage of ion-microprobe analysis is that U and Th isotopes are analyzed in the same bead, simplifying the process of chemical separation. Analytical time on the instrument is similar to 60 min per sample, and a single instrument-loading can accommodate 15-20 samples to be analyzed in a 24-h day. An additional advantage is that the method allows multiple reanalyses of the same bead and that samples can be archived for reanalysis at a later time. Because the ion beam excavates a pit only a few mu m deep, the mount can later be repolished and reanalyzed numerous times. The method described of preconcentrating a low concentration sample onto a small conductive substrate to allow ion-microprobe mass spectrometry is potentially applicable to many other systems. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bischoff, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jbischoff@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 7 BP 1841 EP 1846 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.09.017 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916EC UT WOS:000228367200014 ER PT J AU Edmonds, M Herd, RA AF Edmonds, M Herd, RA TI Inland-directed base surge generated by the explosive interaction of pyroclastic flows and seawater at Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE base surge; Soufriere Hills volcano; hydrovolcanic explosion; lava-dome collapse; pyroclastic flow ID TURBIDITY CURRENTS; DEPOSITS; ERUPTION; FACIES AB The largest and most intense lava-dome collapse during the eruption of Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat, 1995-2004, occurred 12-13 July 2003. The dome collapse involved around 200 x 10(6) m(3) of material and was associated with a phenomenon previously unknown at this volcano. Large pyroclastic flows at the peak of the dome collapse interacted explosively with seawater at the mouth of the Tar River Valley and generated a hot, dry base surge that flowed 4 km inland and 300 m uphill. The surge was destructive to at least 25 m above the ground and it carbonized vegetation. The resulting two-layer deposits were as much as 0.9 m thick. Although the entire collapse lasted 18 h, the base surge greatly increased the land area affected by the dome collapse in a few minutes at the peak of the event, illustrating the complex nature of the interaction between pyroclastic flows and seawater. C1 Montserrat Volcano Observ, Fleming, Montserrat, W Ind Assoc St. RP Edmonds, M (reprint author), Hawaiian Volcano Observ, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Volcanoes Natl Pk, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 245 EP 248 DI 10.1130/G21166.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 913CE UT WOS:000228127100002 ER PT J AU Osterman, LE Poore, RZ Swarzenski, PW Turner, RE AF Osterman, LE Poore, RZ Swarzenski, PW Turner, RE TI Reconstructing a 180 yr record of natural and anthropogenic induced low-oxygen conditions from Louisiana continental shelf sediments SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; Louisiana continental shelf; benthic foraminifers; PEB index; Pb-210 ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ADRIATIC SEA; ORGANIC FLUX; HYPOXIA; DEPLETION; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; BASIN AB Hypoxia on the Louisiana continental shelf is tied to nutrient loading and freshwater stratification from the Mississippi River. Variations in the relative abundance of low-oxygen-tolerant benthic foraminifers in four sediment cores from the Louisiana shelf provide a proxy record of low-oxygen events. Core chronologies are obtained using Pb-201 dating techniques. The foraminiferal data are consistent with previous studies indicating that the intensity of hypoxic events (oxygen < 2 mg/L) has increased over the past 50 yr owing to the higher nutrient loading associated with the use of commercial fertilizer, and also reveal several low-oxygen events between A.D. 1817 and 1910, prior to the widespread use of fertilizer. The pre-1910 low-oxygen events are associated with high Mississippi River discharge rates, indicating that these low-oxygen episodes are related to natural variations in river drainage that enhance transport of nutrients and freshwater to the continental shelf. Our data show that the low-oxygen events of the past few decades were more extreme than any that occurred in the previous similar to 180 yr, and support the interpretation that the increased use of fertilizer has amplified an otherwise naturally occurring process. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Osterman, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 30 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 329 EP 332 DI 10.1130/G21341.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 913CE UT WOS:000228127100023 ER PT J AU Kumagai, H Chouet, BA Dawson, PB AF Kumagai, H Chouet, BA Dawson, PB TI Source process of a long-period event at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE crack model; hydrothermal fluid; long-period event; Sompi method; waveform inversion ID FLUID-DRIVEN CRACK; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHOD; KUSATSU-SHIRANE VOLCANO; LINEAR DYNAMIC-SYSTEM; SOURCE MECHANISM; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; ARRAY ANALYSES; COMPLEX FREQUENCIES; ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES AB We analyse a long-period (LP) event observed by a dense seismic network temporarily operated at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, in 1996. We systematically perform spectral analyses, waveform inversions and forward modeling of the LP event to quantify its source process. Spectral analyses identify two dominant spectral frequencies at 0.6 and 1.3 Hz with associated Q values in the range 10-20. Results from waveform inversions assuming six moment-tensor and three single-force components point to the resonance of a horizontal crack located at a depth of approximately 150 m near the northeastern rim of the Halemaumau pit crater. Waveform simulations based on a fluid-filled crack model suggest that the observed frequencies and Q values can be explained by a crack filled with a hydrothermal fluid in the form of either bubbly water or steam. The shallow hydrothermal crack located directly above the magma conduit may have been heated by volcanic gases leaking from the conduit. The enhanced flux of heat raised the overall pressure of the hydrothermal fluid in the crack and induced a rapid discharge of fluid from the crack, which triggered the acoustic vibrations of the resonator generating the LP waveform. The present study provides further support to the idea that LP events originate in the resonance of a crack. C1 Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kumagai, H (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. EM kumagai@bosai.go.jp NR 41 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD APR PY 2005 VL 161 IS 1 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02502.x PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 913EG UT WOS:000228133800021 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JC Titus, TN Kieffer, HH AF Armstrong, JC Titus, TN Kieffer, HH TI Evidence for subsurface water ice in Korolev crater, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration CY OCT 13-17, 2003 CL Lake Louise, CANADA SP Lunar & Planetary Inst, NASA, NASA Mars Program Off, Canadian Space Agcy, Geol Survey Canada, Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Int Glaciol Soc DE Mars; surface; Mars; climate ID POLAR LAYERED DEPOSITS; SURFACE; REGION AB Following the work of Kieffer and Titus (2001, Icarus 154, 162-180), we present results of thermal IR observations of Korolev crater, located at similar to 73 degrees latitude in the martian northern polar region. Similar to techniques employed by Titus et al. (2003, Science 299, 1048-1050), We use infrared images from the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) aboard Mars Odyssey to identify several regions, within the crater basin with distinct thermal properties that correlate with topography. The THEMIS results show these regions exhibit temperature variations, spatially within the crater and throughout the martian year. In addition to the variations identified in the THEMIS observations, Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) observations show differences in albedo and temperature of these regions on both daily and seasonal cycles. Modeling annual temperature variations of the surface, we use TES observations to examine the thermal properties of these regions. This analysis reveals the crater interior deposits are likely thick layers (several meters) of high thermal inertia material (water ice, or extremely ice-rich regolith). Spatial variations of the physical properties of these regions are likely due to topography and possibly variations in the subsurface material itself. The nature of these deposits may help constrain polar processes, as well as provide context for the polar lander mission, Phoenix. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Weber State Univ, Dept Phys, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Res Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Armstrong, JC (reprint author), Weber State Univ, Dept Phys, 2508 Univ Circle, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. EM jcarmstrong@weber.edu OI Armstrong, John/0000-0003-2009-1459 NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD APR PY 2005 VL 174 IS 2 BP 360 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.032 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 914JG UT WOS:000228223100006 ER PT J AU Soare, RJ Burr, DM Tseung, JMWB AF Soare, RJ Burr, DM Tseung, JMWB TI Possible pingos and a periglacial landscape in northwest Utopia Planitia SO ICARUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration CY OCT 13-17, 2003 CL Lake Louise, CANADA SP Lunar & Planetary Inst, NASA, NASA Mars Program Off, Canadian Space Agcy, Geol Survey Canada, Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Int Glaciol Soc DE Mars, surface; geological processes; ices ID EQUATORIAL GROUND ICE; WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; MARS ODYSSEY; NEAR-SURFACE; FEATURES; PLAINS; THERMOKARST; HYDROGEN; CANADA; REGION AB Hydrostatic (closed-system) pingos are small, elongate to circular, ice-cored mounds that are perennial features of some periglacial landscapes. The growth and development of hydrostatic pingos is contingent upon the presence of surface water, freezing processes and of deep, continuous. ice-cemented permafrost. Other cold-climate landforms such as small-sized, polygonal patterned ground also may occur in the areas where pingos are found. On Mars, landscapes comprising small, elongate to circular mounds and other possible periglacial features have been identified in various areas, including Utopia Planitia, where water is thought to have played an important role in landscape evolution. Despite the importance of the martian mounds as possible markers of water, most accounts of them in the planetary science literature have been brief and/or based upon Viking imagery. We use a high-resolution Mars Orbiter Camera image (EO300299) and superposed Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data tracks to describe and characterise a crater-floor landscape in northwest Utopia Planitia (64.8 degrees N/292.7 degrees W). The landscape comprises an assemblage of landforms that is consistent with the past presence of water and of periglacial processes. This,geomorphological assemblage may have formed as recently as the last episode of high obliquity. A similar assemblage of landforms is found in the Tuktoyaktuk peninsula of northern Canada and other terrestrial cold-climate landscapes. We point to the similarity of the two assemblages and suggest that the small, roughly circular mounds on the floor of the impact crater in northwest Utopia Planitia are hydrostatic pingos. Like the hydrostatic pingos of the Tuktoyaktuk peninsula, the origin of the crater-floor mounds could be tied to the loss of ponded. local water, permafrost aggradation and the evolution of a sub-surface ice core. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Concordia Univ, Dept Geog Planning & Environm, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Soare, RJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Geog Planning & Environm, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. EM rsoare@colba.net NR 56 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD APR PY 2005 VL 174 IS 2 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.11.013 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 914JG UT WOS:000228223100007 ER PT J AU Eluszkiewicz, J Moncet, JL Titus, TN Hansen, GB AF Eluszkiewicz, J Moncet, JL Titus, TN Hansen, GB TI A microphysically-based approach to modeling emissivity and albedo of the martian seasonal caps SO ICARUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration CY OCT 13-17, 2003 CL Lake Louise, CANADA SP Lunar & Planetary Inst, NASA, NASA Mars Program Off, Canadian Space Agcy, Geol Survey Canada, Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Int Glaciol Soc DE Mars, surface; radiative transfer; ices; infrared observations ID SOUTH POLAR-CAP; CO2 ICE; MU-M; MARS; TRITON; FROST; SCATTERING; SURFACE; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR AB A new model of albedo and emissivity of the martian seasonal caps represented as porous CO2 slabs containing spherical voids and dust particles is described. In the model, a radiative transfer model is coupled with a microphysical model in order to link changes in albedo and emissivity to changes in porosity caused by ice metamorphism. The coupled model is capable of reproducing temporal changes in the spectra of the caps taken by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer onboard the Mars Global Surveyor and it can be used as the forward model in the retrievals of the caps' physical properties (porosity, dust abundance, void and dust grain size) from the spectra. Preliminary results from such inversion studies are presented. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Washington, Planetary Sci Inst, Dept Earth & Space Sci, NW Div, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Eluszkiewicz, J (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM jel@aer.com NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD APR PY 2005 VL 174 IS 2 BP 524 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.025 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 914JG UT WOS:000228223100017 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Nelson, G AF Ramsey, E Nelson, G TI A whole image approach using field measurements for transforming EO1 Hyperion hyperspectral data into canopy reflectance spectra SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SURFACE REFLECTANCE; EMPIRICAL LINE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; RETRIEVAL; SPECTROMETER; ISRAEL AB To maximize the spectral distinctiveness ( information) of the canopy reflectance, an atmospheric correction strategy was implemented to provide accurate estimates of the intrinsic reflectance from the Earth Observing 1 (EO1) satellite Hyperion sensor signal. In rendering the canopy reflectance, an estimate of optical depth derived from a measurement of downwelling irradiance was used to drive a radiative transfer simulation of atmospheric scattering and attenuation. During the atmospheric model simulation, the input whole-terrain background reflectance estimate was changed to minimize the differences between the model predicted and the observed canopy reflectance spectra at 34 sites. Lacking appropriate spectrally invariant scene targets, inclusion of the field and predicted comparison maximized the model accuracy and, thereby, the detail and precision in the canopy reflectance necessary to detect low percentage occurrences of invasive plants. After accounting for artifacts surrounding prominent absorption features from about 400 nm to 1000 nm, the atmospheric adjustment strategy correctly explained 99% of the observed canopy reflectance spectra variance. Separately, model simulation explained an average of 88% +/- 9% of the observed variance in the visible and 98% +/- 1% in the near-infrared wavelengths. In the 34 model simulations, maximum differences between the observed and predicted reflectances were typically less than 1% in the visible; however, maximum reflectance differences higher than +/- 1.6% (<+/- 2.3%) at more than a few wavelengths were observed at three sites. In the near-infrared wavelengths, maximum reflectance differences remained less than +/- 3% for 68% of the comparisons (+/- 1 standard deviation) and less than +/- 6% for 95% of the comparisons (+/- 2 standard deviation). Higher reflectance differences in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths were most likely associated with problems in the comparison, not in the model generation. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM elijah_ramsey@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1589 EP 1610 DI 10.1080/0431160512331326729 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 928JM UT WOS:000229267700004 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A Nelson, G Ehrlich, R Martella, K AF Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A Nelson, G Ehrlich, R Martella, K TI Generation and validation of characteristic spectra from EO1 Hyperion image data for detecting the occurrence of the invasive species, Chinese tallow SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; CLASSIFICATION; VEGETATION; SITE; SOIL AB Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) is an invasive tree that is spreading throughout the south-eastern United States and now into the west, and in many places causing extensive change to native habitat and associated wildlife. Detecting and mapping the relative distribution of this species is important to its control and eradication. To map the relative distribution of Chinese tallow within a southwestern Louisiana coastal wetland to upland environment, Earth Observing 1 (EO1) satellite Hyperion sensor hyperspectral image data were combined with a subpixel extraction method that modelled characteristic spectra from the image data without requiring a priori characteristic spectra. Because of the low percentage occurrences of Chinese tallow and high spectral covariation in the environment, unique validation and verification methods were implemented, relying on simultaneous collection of field canopy reflectance spectra and subsequent classification of canopy compositions. The subpixel extraction method produced five characteristic spectra, which we further refined to four that adequately represented the field spectra, as well as the Hyperion imaged canopy reflectance datasets. Characteristic spectra were designated as senescing foliage, cypress-tupelo trees, and trees without leaves; shadows and green vegetation; senescing Chinese tallow with yellow leaves and yellowing foliage; and senescing Chinese tallow with red leaves('red tallow'). About 81% (n=34) of the field and 78% (n=33) of the Hyperion imaged characteristic spectra associated with 'red tallow' were explained by the compositions generated in the field slide classifications. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Johnson Controls Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. C&E Enterprises, Salt Lake City, UT 84208 USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM elijah_ramsey@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1611 EP 1636 DI 10.1080/01431160512331326710 PG 26 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 928JM UT WOS:000229267700005 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A Nelson, G Ehrlich, R AF Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A Nelson, G Ehrlich, R TI Mapping the invasive species, Chinese tallow, with EO1 satellite Hyperion hyperspectral image data and relating tallow occurrences to a classified Landsat Thematic Mapper land cover map SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB Our objective was to provide a realistic and accurate representation of the spatial distribution of Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) in the Earth Observing 1 (EO1) Hyperion hyperspectral image coverage by using methods designed and tested in previous studies. We transformed, corrected, and normalized Hyperion reflectance image data into composition images with a subpixel extraction model. Composition images were related to green vegetation, senescent foliage and senescing cypress-tupelo forest, senescing Chinese tallow with red leaves ('red tallow'), and a composition image that only corresponded slightly to yellowing vegetation. These statistical and visual comparisons confirmed a successful portrayal of landscape features at the time of the Hyperion image collection. These landscape features were amalgamated in the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) pixel, thereby preventing the detection of Chinese tallow occurrences in the Landsat TM classification. With the occurrence in percentage of red tallow (as a surrogate for Chinese tallow) per pixel mapped, we were able to link dominant land covers generated with Landsat TM image data to Chinese tallow occurrences as a first step toward determining the sensitivity and susceptibility of various land covers to tallow establishment. Results suggested that the highest occurrences and widest distribution of red tallow were (1) apparent in disturbed or more open canopy woody wetland deciduous forests (including cypress-tupelo forests), upland woody land evergreen forests (dominantly pines and seedling plantations), and upland woody land deciduous and mixed forests; (2) scattered throughout the fallow fields or located along fence rows separating active and non-active cultivated and grazing fields, (3) found along levees lining the ubiquitous canals within the marsh and on the cheniers near the coastline; and (4) present within the coastal marsh located on the numerous topographic highs. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Johnson Controls Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. C&E Enterprises, Salt Lake City, UT 84208 USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM elijah_ramsey@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1637 EP 1657 DI 10.1080/01431160512331326701 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 928JM UT WOS:000229267700006 ER PT J AU Palmer, MA Bernhardt, ES Allan, JD Lake, PS Alexander, G Brooks, S Carr, J Clayton, S Dahm, CN Shah, JF Galat, DL Loss, SG Goodwin, P Hart, DD Hassett, B Jenkinson, R Kondolf, GM Lave, R Meyer, JL O'Donnell, TK Pagano, L Sudduth, E AF Palmer, MA Bernhardt, ES Allan, JD Lake, PS Alexander, G Brooks, S Carr, J Clayton, S Dahm, CN Shah, JF Galat, DL Loss, SG Goodwin, P Hart, DD Hassett, B Jenkinson, R Kondolf, GM Lave, R Meyer, JL O'Donnell, TK Pagano, L Sudduth, E TI Standards for ecologically successful river restoration SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem rehabilitation; floodplain; monitoring; restoration assessment; stream ID STREAM RESTORATION; KISSIMMEE RIVER; MISSOURI RIVER; WATER-QUALITY; FRESH-WATER; ECOLOGY; RIPARIAN; ECOSYSTEM; PROJECT; MANAGEMENT AB 1. Increasingly, river managers are turning from hard engineering solutions to ecologically based restoration activities in order to improve degraded waterways. River restoration projects aim to maintain or increase ecosystem goods and services while protecting downstream and coastal ecosystems. There is growing interest in applying river restoration techniques to solve environmental problems, yet little agreement exists on what constitutes a successful river restoration effort. 2. We propose five criteria for measuring success, with emphasis on an ecological perspective. First, the design of an ecological river restoration project should be based on a specified guiding image of a more dynamic, healthy river that could exist at the site. Secondly, the river's ecological condition must be measurably improved. Thirdly, the river system must be more self-sustaining and resilient to external perturbations so that only minimal follow-up maintenance is needed. Fourthly, during the construction phase, no lasting harm should be inflicted on the ecosystem. Fifthly, both pre- and post-assessment must be completed and data made publicly available. 3. Determining if these five criteria have been met for a particular project requires development of an assessment protocol. We suggest standards of evaluation for each of the five criteria and provide examples of suitable indicators. 4. Synthesis and applications. Billions of dollars are currently spent restoring streams and rivers, yet to date there are no agreed upon standards for what constitutes ecologically beneficial stream and river restoration. We propose five criteria that must be met for a river restoration project to be considered ecologically successful. It is critical that the broad restoration community, including funding agencies, practitioners and citizen restoration groups, adopt criteria for defining and assessing ecological success in restoration. Standards are needed because progress in the science and practice of river restoration has been hampered by the lack of agreed upon criteria for judging ecological success. Without well-accepted criteria that are ultimately supported by funding and implementing agencies, there is little incentive for practitioners to assess and report restoration outcomes. Improving methods and weighing the ecological benefits of various restoration approaches require organized national-level reporting systems. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Monash Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Acad Nat Sci, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Idaho, Ecohydraul Res Grp, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Palmer, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mpalmer@umd.edu RI Bernhardt, Emily/B-4541-2010; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011 OI Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X NR 77 TC 611 Z9 654 U1 77 U2 673 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 208 EP 217 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01004.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 916PC UT WOS:000228396600002 ER PT J AU Craig, JM Thomas, MV Nichols, SJ AF Craig, JM Thomas, MV Nichols, SJ TI Length-weight relationship and a relative condition factor equation for lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) from the St Clair River system (Michigan, USA) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE STURGEON; GROWTH; TRANSMONTANUS; SIZE AB Several USA state, federal, and Canadian agencies study lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) within the St Clair River and Lake St Clair, collectively referred to hereafter as the St Clair River (SCR) system. Previously, there has been no set standard for determining condition for SCR system lake sturgeon. Condition measures the variation from the expected weight for length as an indicator of fatness, general well-being, gonad development, etc. The aim of this project was to determine the length-weight relationship of lake sturgeon caught from the SCR system, from which a relative condition factor (K-n) equation could be derived. Total length (TL, mm) and weight (W, kg) were measured for 1074 lake sturgeon (101 males and 16 females were identifiable) collected by setline and bottom trawl from the SCR system in May-September, 1997-2002. Analysis of covariance found no difference in the length-weight relationship between sampling gear or sex. Least-squares regression of log(10)W x log(10)TL produced the overall equation logW = 3.365logTL - 9.320. Using the exponential form of the slope and gamma-intercept, relative condition factor for lake sturgeon from the SCR system can be calculated as K-n = W/ [(4.786 x 10(-10))(TL3.365)]. Equations for males and females were also developed. Overall, body condition was significantly correlated with both age and girth; no significant difference in Kn by sex was found. In general, the SCR lake sturgeon population was near the upper ends of growth and condition ranges listed in the literature, comparable with those populations that are at similar latitudes. Although condition factors should be interpreted with caution, proper use of a standard equation provides a non-lethal measure of overall fish health that can be used by biologists and managers in ongoing efforts to restore lake sturgeon throughout the Great Lakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Mt Clemens Fisheries Res Stn, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Mt Clemens, MI USA. RP Craig, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM jcraig@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2004.00635.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 910YQ UT WOS:000227968500001 ER PT J AU Bowers, JE AF Bowers, JE TI Influence of climatic variability on local population dynamics of a Sonoran Desert platyopuntia SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE demography; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; longevity; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; survivorship; turnover ID PRICKLY PEAR CACTUS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; OPUNTIA-ENGELMANNII; DECADAL VARIABILITY; VEGETATION CHANGE; PERENNIAL PLANTS; GREAT-PLAINS; PRECIPITATION; GROWTH; ENSO AB Age-based population dynamics of Opuntia engelmannii, a shrubby cactus with flattened cladodes, were investigated at a Sonoran Desert site protected from grazing since 1907. Demographic statistics were determined from births and deaths on six permanent vegetation plots mapped four times between 1968 and 2001. Moderate longevity (13-56 years) and modest per capita annual survival (0.9298) were associated with fairly rapid turnover; cycles of population growth and decline were thus evident over relatively short periods. Age-frequency distribution, determined for subpopulations in two neighboring habitats in 1996 and 2003, was used to calculate residual regeneration, an index of the difference between observed cohort size and idealized survivorship. Establishment peaks occurred in the late 1970s, the mid-1980s, and the early to mid-1990s and coincided with increased winter moisture in the years before germination, ample summer rain in the year of germination, and decreased drought in the years after germination, reflecting favorable conditions for fruit production, seed germination, and seedling survival. Regionally, pulses and gaps in establishment coincide with the frequency and amplitude of large-scale climatic phenomena that affect cycles of moisture and drought on decadal and interdecadal scales. Because of local factors, however, subpopulations within a few km of one another can experience virtually identical climates yet differ strikingly in age structure and density. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Bowers, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. EM jebowers@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2 BP 193 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.09.003 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 898YC UT WOS:000227111100003 ER PT J AU Marshall, BD Neymark, LA Peterman, ZE AF Marshall, BD Neymark, LA Peterman, ZE TI Reply to "Commentary: Assessment of past infiltration fluxes through Yucca Mountain on the basis of the secondary mineral record - is it a viable methodology?", by Y.V Dublyansky and S.Z. Smirnov SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID STABLE-ISOTOPE EVIDENCE; UNSATURATED ZONE; NEVADA; CALCITE; SILICA C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Marshall, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 963, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM bdmarsha@usgs.gov OI Marshall, Brian/0000-0002-8093-0093 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 77 IS 3 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.01.002 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 913JF UT WOS:000228147000005 ER PT J AU Reynolds, JH Ford, ED AF Reynolds, JH Ford, ED TI Improving competition representation in theoretical models of self-thinning: a critical review SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE density-dependent mortality; IBMs; mechanistic model; model assessment; model evaluation; model validation; plant competition; plasticity; process model; universal laws ID AGED PLANT MONOCULTURES; SIZE-STRUCTURE DYNAMICS; RED PINE STANDS; DENSITY RELATIONSHIPS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CROWN DEVELOPMENT; CANOPY STRUCTURE; TREES; RULE; MORTALITY AB 1 Many theoretical models have been proposed to explain the empirical self-thinning relationship given by Yoda et al. in 1963 for even-aged, monospecific stands of plants, but the models are inadequate to allow consensus on the processes driving variation in density-dependent mortality and self-thinning. 2 Most non-individual based models (non-IBMs), and many IBMs, employ a common representation of competition in which a finite amount of potential crown area remains completely allocated throughout self-thinning, making stand density inversely proportional to mean projected crown area. 3 This representation entails four assumptions regarding the competition process: the population is adequately represented by the mean plant; total stand resource utilization is constant throughout self-thinning; competition is a horizontal packing process; and differences in initial stand conditions may affect the rate of competition but not the process itself. 4 Reviewing published empirical data, the competition literature and the logical implications for the self-thinning process shows that all four assumptions are untenable as generalizations. Unfortunately, their application provides neither a mortality-inducing mechanism nor insight into the relationship between stand growth and mortality. 5 Explaining the observed variation in self-thinning relationships therefore requires improved representation of the competition process. This improvement is likely to require IBMs that explicitly represent variation in plant size or resource acquisition, two-dimensional stand distribution, dynamic rather than static stand resource utilization, and, perhaps, explicit three-dimensional stand development. Most importantly, the requirement for explicitly modelling mortality mechanisms implies that whole plant models may be insufficient for insight into the self-thinning process. 6 The review reinforces the need to assess mechanistic models for more than their ability to reproduce a single, high-level pattern. Such models should be assessed for their ability to simultaneously reproduce multiple features selected from the levels of both the modelled mechanisms and the high-level patterns. 7 Progress in understanding the observed variation in self-thinning currently requires a shift from searching for universal insight into the modelling of specific mechanisms for specific plant types, eventually leading to a broader theory explaining how variation in plants affects the competition process. C1 Univ Washington, Interdisciplinary Grad Program Quantitat Ecol & R, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Reynolds, JH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS 221, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM joel_reynolds@fws.gov RI Reynolds, Joel/E-1445-2011 OI Reynolds, Joel/0000-0003-4506-0501 NR 95 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 93 IS 2 BP 362 EP 372 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.00976.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907ME UT WOS:000227721400013 ER PT J AU Proffitt, CE Chiasson, RL Owens, AB Edwards, KR Travis, SE AF Proffitt, CE Chiasson, RL Owens, AB Edwards, KR Travis, SE TI Spartina alterniflora genotype influences facilitation and suppression of high marsh species colonizing an early successional salt marsh SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aster subulatus; Atriplex patula; Baccharis halimifolia; clone senescence; competition; facilitation; genotype effects; Salicornia bigelovii; Spartina alterniflora ID PLANT COMMUNITY; BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; ZONATION; COMPETITION; POPULATION; ORGANIZATION; CALIFORNIA; DIVERSITY; LOUISIANA AB 1 Genetically based phenotypic and ecotypic variation in a dominant plant species can influence ecological functions and patterns of recruitment by other species in plant communities. However, the nature and degree of importance of genotypic differences is poorly understood in most systems. 2 The dominant salt marsh species, Spartina alterniflora, is known to induce facilitative and competitive effects in different plant species, and the outcomes of interactions can be affected by nutrients and flooding stress. Clonal genotypes, which maintained their different plant architecture phenotypes throughout 31 months of a field experiment, underwent considerable genet-specific senescence in their centres over the last 12 months. 3 Different clonal genotypes and different locations (robust edges vs. senescent centres) permitted significantly different levels of light penetration of the canopy (14.8-77.6%), thus establishing spatial heterogeneity for this important environmental factor. 4 S. alterniflora clonal genotype influenced the degree of suppression of the previously dominant Salicornia bigelovii as well as facilitation of recruitment and growth by other plant species. Aster subulatus and Atriplex patula performed better in Spartina clone centres, and experienced reduced growth in Salicornia-dominated areas. 5 Four other high marsh species (Borrichia frutescens, Aster tenuifolius, Iva frutescens and Limonium carolinianum) colonized only into Spartina clones but not into the Salicornia-dominated area. 6 These results suggest that differences in clone size, centre senescence, stem density, height, total stem length and biomass in different genotypes of a dominant marsh plant species can influence recruitment and growth of other plant species. The spatial pattern of habitat heterogeneity is, at least in part, dependent on the genotypic diversity, and possibly the genetic diversity, of such foundation species. 7 We hypothesize that as genotypic diversity increases in populations of a dominant plant species like S. alterniflora, the number and diversity of interactions with other species will increase as well. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Univ S Bohemia, Fac Biol Sci, Dept Ecol, Branisovska 31, Czech Republic. RP Proffitt, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM edward_proffitt@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 8 U2 52 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 93 IS 2 BP 404 EP 416 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.00983.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907ME UT WOS:000227721400017 ER PT J AU Travis, SE Hester, MW AF Travis, SE Hester, MW TI A space-for-time substitution reveals the long-term decline in genotypic diversity of a widespread salt marsh plant, Spartina alterniflora, over a span of 1500 years SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; clonal plants; genetic variation; genotypic diversity; heterozygosity; population structure; Spartina alterniflora; spatial autocorrelation ID DIFFERENTLY-AGED POPULATIONS; SPATIAL GENETIC-STRUCTURE; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CLONAL DIVERSITY; ZOSTERA-MARINA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; SEEDLING RECRUITMENT; POSIDONIA-OCEANICA; RANUNCULUS-REPENS AB 1 Clonal populations face a trade-off between sexual recruitment and vegetative growth and, once established, may undergo continuous declines in genotypic diversity if their sexual recruits make poor competitors. The geological history of delta formation in the Lower Mississippi River Valley was used to age eight S. alterniflora marshes for use in a space-for-time substitution ranging over 1500 years, in order to determine the long-term effects of clonal growth on genotypic diversity in natural populations. 2 We also predicted that highly heterozygous clones are competitively superior, leading to an increase in the overall level of genetic diversity as a marsh ages and/or to an increasingly positive relationship between clone size and individual heterozygosity, and that the clumping of ramets within clones will occur over increasingly large distances as populations age, while the clumping of genetically related clones will become less pronounced as intraclonal competition begins to obscure the initial effects of localized seedling recruitment. 3 Using molecular markers to differentiate clones, we documented a decline in clonal richness at the rate of approximately 1% 100 years(-1) that was accompanied for the first 300-500 years by an increase in the distance over which clumping of ramets within genets occurred. Older populations, in the 500-1500-year range, showed evidence of clone fragmentation. 4 The spatial clustering of kin was observed for only two marshes, and exhibited no clear relationship with marsh age. 5 Whereas the overall level of genetic diversity was consistent among marshes and showed no clear relationship with marsh age, the relationship between heterozygosity and individual clone size became increasingly pronounced within older marshes. 6 Our results suggest that under natural conditions S. alterniflora marshes will rarely reach ages sufficient for the loss of all clonal diversity, or for the effects of inbreeding and drift to pose a significant threat to population viability. C1 USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, Coastal Plant Sci Lab, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Travis, SE (reprint author), USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM steven_travis@usgs.gov NR 81 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 93 IS 2 BP 417 EP 430 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.00985.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 907ME UT WOS:000227721400018 ER PT J AU Whiteman, EA Jennings, CA Nemeth, RS AF Whiteman, EA Jennings, CA Nemeth, RS TI Sex structure and potential female fecundity in a Epinephelus guttatus spawning aggregation: applying ultrasonic imaging SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fecundity; protogyny; sex ratio; spawning aggregation; ultrasonography ID RED HIND; STRIPED BASS; SERRANIDAE; GROUPER; MATURATION; PISCES; REEF; REPRODUCTION; MICRONESIA; SIZE AB Ultrasonic imaging was used to determine the spawning population structure and develop a fecundity estimation model for a red hind Epinephelus guttatus spawning aggregation within the Red Hind Bank Marine Conservation District, St Thomas, U.S.V.I. The spawning population showed considerable within-month and between-month variation in population size- and sex-structure. In the spawning season studied, males appeared to arrive at the aggregation site first in December although females represented a large proportion of the catch early in the aggregation periods in January and February. Spawning occurred in January and February, and size frequency distributions suggested that an influx of small females occurred during the second spawning month. An overall sex ratio of 2-9:1 (female: male) was recorded for the whole reproductive season. The sex ratio, however, differed between months and days within months. More females per male were recorded in January than in February when the sex ratio was male biased. Fecundity estimates for this species predicted very high potential fecundities (2.4 x 10(5) -2.4 x 10(6) oocytes). The ultrasound model also illustrated a rapid increase in potential female fecundity with total length. Ultrasonic imaging may prove a valuable tool in population assessment for many species and locations in which invasive fishing methods are clearly undesirable. (c) 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Univ Virgin Isl, MacLean Marine Sci Ctr, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Whiteman, EA (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Ecol Evolut & Conservat, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM liz.whiteman@uea.ac.uk NR 29 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 66 IS 4 BP 983 EP 995 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00653.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 917AS UT WOS:000228428800007 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Dunham, EJ AF Lafferty, KD Dunham, EJ TI Trematodes in snails near raccoon latrines suggest a final host role for this mammal in California Salt Marshes SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA AB Of the 18 trematode species that use the horn snail, Cerithidea californica, as a first intermediate host, 6 have the potential to use raccoons as a final host. The presence of raccoon latrines in Carpinteria Salt Marsh, California, allowed us to investigate associations between raccoons and trematodes in snails. Two trematode species. Probolocoryphe uca and Stictodora hancocki, occurred at higher prevalences in snails near raccoon latrines than in snails away from latrines. suggesting that raccoons may serve as final hosts for these species. Fecal remains indicated that raccoons fed on shore crabs. the second intermediate host for P. uca, and fish, the second intermediate host for S. hancocki. The increase in raccoon populations in the suburban areas surrounding west coast salt marshes could increase their importance as final hosts for trematodes in this system. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 513A, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lafferty@lifesci.UCSB.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 91 IS 2 BP 474 EP 476 DI 10.1645/GE-390R1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 931OH UT WOS:000229494100041 PM 15986632 ER PT J AU Roseman, EF Tomichek, CA Maynard, T Burton, JA AF Roseman, EF Tomichek, CA Maynard, T Burton, JA TI Relative abundance, age, growth, and fecundity of grubby Myoxocephalus aenaeus in Niantic River and Niantic Bay, Long Island Sound SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE grubby; Myoxocephalus aenaeus; Cottidae; estuary; fecundity; age; Otolith; long-term monitoring; USA; Connecticut; Long Island Sound ID CONNECTICUT; COTTIDAE; ESTUARY; SCULPIN; LIFE AB Grubby (Myoxocephalus aenaeus, Cottidae) is a common benthic fish of inshore waters and estuaries of eastern Long Island Sound; however, little information exists on their life history or population demographics. This study utilised a long-term data series (1976-2002) to assess grubby life history and population demographics and explores trends in the Niantic River and Niantic Bay populations. In addition, we examined the age, size, and fecundity of adult grubby in 2001-02 to determine the population characteristics in the region. Mean grubby catch per unit effort (CPUE) in Niantic Bay ranged from 0.4 per trawl in 1976 to 2.9 per trawl in 1984 while river CPUE ranged from 0.4 per trawl in 1977 to 7.6 per trawl in 1989. Catch of grubby in bottom trawls varied seasonally with highest CPUE occurring in winter. Highest entrainment of grubby larvae occurred in 2001 while the lowest entrainment observed was in 1991. Four age classes, 0+ through III+, were derived from otolith analysis (N = 51) although length frequency analysis suggested the possibility of older fish in the population. The total number of eggs in ovaries ranged from 286 to 16 451 for grubby (N = 64) between 52 turn and 155 mm TL. Results of this study indicated a decline in abundance of adult grubby over the 26-year period, possibly related to concurrent declines in eelgrass (Zostera marina) abundance and/or increased water temperature. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Dominion Millstone Power Stn Environm Lab, Waterford, CT 06385 USA. Kleinschmidt Assoc, Essex, CT 06426 USA. RP Roseman, EF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM eroseman@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PD APR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2005.02.002 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 924FZ UT WOS:000228965700009 ER PT J AU Westra, JV Zimmerman, JKH Vondracek, B AF Westra, JV Zimmerman, JKH Vondracek, B TI Bioeconomic analysis of selected conservation practices on soil erosion and freshwater fisheries SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AWRA Spring Specialty Conference on Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality CY MAY, 2003 CL Kansas City, MO SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE economics; Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide; transport model (ADAPT); best management practices; fish; nonpoint source pollution ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; LAND-USE; RIPARIAN FOREST; MINNESOTA; SEDIMENT; STREAMS; RUNOFF; FISH; MANAGEMENT; CATCHMENT AB Farmers can generate environmental benefits (improved water quality and fisheries and wildlife habitat), but they may not be able to quantify them. Furthermore, farmers may reduce their incomes from managing lands to produce these positive externalities but receive little monetary compensation in return. This study simulated the relationship between agricultural practices, water quality, fish responses to suspended sediment and farm income within two small watersheds, one of a cool water stream and one of a warm water stream. Using the Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) model, this study related best management practices (BMPs) to calculated instream suspended sediment concentrations by estimating sediment delivery, runoff, base flow, and streambank erosion to quantify the effects of suspended sediment exposure on fish communities. By implementing selected BMPs in each watershed, annual net farm income declined $18,000 to $28,000 (1 to 3 percent) from previous levels. "Lethal" fish events from suspended sediments in the cool water watershed decreased by 60 percent as conservation tillage and riparian buffers increased. Despite reducing suspended sediments by 25 percent, BMPs in the warm water watershed did not reduce the negative response of the fisheries. Differences in responses (physical and biological) between watersheds highlight potential gains in economic efficiency by targeting BMPs or by offering performance based "green payments." C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Westra, JV (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, 101 Agr Adm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. EM jwestra@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 309 EP 322 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03737.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 924NP UT WOS:000228985800007 ER PT J AU Battaglin, WA Kolpin, DW Scribner, EA Kuivila, KM Sandstrom, MW AF Battaglin, WA Kolpin, DW Scribner, EA Kuivila, KM Sandstrom, MW TI Glyphosate, other herbicides, and transformation products in Midwestern streams, 2002 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AWRA Spring Specialty Conference on Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality CY MAY, 2003 CL Kansas City, MO SP Amer Water Resources Assoc ID UNITED-STATES; VISION(R) HERBICIDE; FOREST WETLANDS; SURFACE-WATER; TOXICITY; FORMULATIONS; RUNOFF; RIVERS; FIELD AB The use of glyphosate has increased rapidly, and there is limited understanding of its environmental fate. The objective of this study was to document the occurrence of glyphosate and the transformation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in Midwestern streams and to compare their occurrence with that of more commonly measured herbicides such as acetochlor, atrazine, and metolachlor. Water samples were collected at sites on 51 streams in nine Midwestern states in 2002 during three runoff events: after the application of pre-emergence herbicides, after the application of post-emergence herbicides, and during harvest season. All samples were analyzed for glyphosate and 20 other herbicides using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The frequency of glyphosate and AMPA detection, range of concentrations in runoff samples, and ratios of AMPA to glyphosate concentrations did not vary throughout the growing season as substantially as for other herbicides like atrazine, probably because of different seasonal use patterns. Glyphosate was detected at or above 0.1 μ g/l in 35 percent of pre-emergence, 40 percent of post-emergence, and 31 percent of harvest season samples, with a maximum concentration of 8.7 μ g/l. AMPA was detected at or above 0.1 μ g/l in 53 percent of pre-emergence, 83 percent of post-emergence, and 73 percent of harvest season samples, with a maximum concentration of 3.6 μ g/l. Glyphosate was not detected at a concentration at or above the US. Environmental Protection Agency's maximum contamination level (MCL) of 700 μ g/l in any sample. Atrazine was detected at or above 0.1 μ g/l in 94 percent of pre-emergence, 96 percent of postemergence, and 57 percent of harvest season samples, with a maximum concentration of 55 μ g/l. Atrazine was detected at or above its MCL (3 μ g/l) in 57 percent of pre-emergence and 33 percent of postemergence samples. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Battaglin, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM wbattagl@usgs.gov RI Sandstrom, Mark/D-5969-2013; OI Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675 NR 52 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03738.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 924NP UT WOS:000228985800008 ER PT J AU Hodgkins, GA Dudley, RW Huntington, TG AF Hodgkins, GA Dudley, RW Huntington, TG TI Summer low flows in New England during the 20th century SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climatic variability and change; seasonal streamflow; low flows; hydroclimatology; temporal trends; New England ID LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRENDS; STREAMFLOW; TIME AB High spring-time river flows came earlier by one to two weeks in large parts of northern New England during the 20th Century. In this study it was hypothesized that late spring/early summer recessional flows and late summer/early fall low flows could also be occurring earlier. This could result in a longer period of low flow recession and a decrease in the magnitude of low flows. To test this hypothesis, variations over time in the magnitude and timing of low flows were analyzed. To help understand the relation between low flows and climatic variables in New England, low flows were correlated with air temperatures and precipitation. Analysis of data from 23 rural, unregulated rivers across New England indicated little evidence of consistent changes in the timing or magnitude of late summer/early fall low flows during the 20th Century. The interannual variability in the timing and magnitude of the low flows in northern New England was explained much more by the interannual variability in precipitation than by the interannual variability of air temperatures. The highest correlation between the magnitude of the low flows and air temperatures was with May through November temperatures (r = -0.37, p = 0.0017), while the highest correlation with precipitation was with July through August precipitation (r = 0.67, p < 0.0001). C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Hodgkins, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM gahodgki@usgs.gov OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03744.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 924NP UT WOS:000228985800014 ER PT J AU Thomas, JR Gibson, DJ Middleton, BA AF Thomas, JR Gibson, DJ Middleton, BA TI Water dispersal of vegetative bulbils of the invasive exotic Dioscorea oppositifolia L. in southern Illinois SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE bulbils; Dioscorea oppositifolia; exotic species; invasive species; saltation; water dispersal ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; HYDROCHORY; FOREST; DYNAMICS; STREAMS; REGENERATION; CORRIDORS; PATTERNS; TRAITS; FRANCE AB Riparian corridors promote dispersal of several species of exotic invasives worldwide. Dispersal plays a role in the colonization of exotic invasive species into new areas and this study was conducted to determine if the invasiveness of Dioscorea oppositifolia L. (Chinese yam) is facilitated by secondary dispersal of vegetative diaspores (bulbils) by water. Since seed production of this plant has not been observed in the United States, bulbils represent the only means of dispersal to new habitats. Dispersal was monitored by placing aquatic traps, tethered bulbils, and painted bulbil caches in a tributary of Drury Creek, Giant City State Park, Illinois. Results indicate that high-energy flow in the creek accelerated secondary dispersal of bulbils downstream and onto the floodplain. The longest recorded dispersal distance was 206.2 in downstream. Dispersal distance of tethered bulbils was not related to rainfall or flow velocity in the creek; however the total number of bulbils trapped was positively related to flow velocity. We conclude that secondary dispersal by water in streams can facilitate dispersal of vegetative bulbils of this exotic species. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Gibson, DJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM dgibson@plant.siu.edu NR 59 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0040-9618 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 132 IS 2 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2005)132[187:WDOVBO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 960OG UT WOS:000231602400002 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Fotheringham, CJ AF Keeley, JE Fotheringham, CJ TI Plot shape effects on plant species diversity measurements SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alpha-diversity; chaparral; coniferous forest; desert scrub; grassland; sage scrub; savanna; self-similarity; shrubland; species richness ID AREA RELATIONSHIPS; SELF-SIMILARITY; SAMPLING METHOD; VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE; RICHNESS; PATTERNS; SCALE; RANGE; FIRE AB Question: Do rectangular sample plots record more plant species than square plots as suggested by both empirical and theoretical studies? Location: Grasslands, shrublands and forests in the Mediterranean-climate region of California, USA. Methods: We compared three 0.1-ha sampling designs that differed in the shape and dispersion of 1-m(2) and 100-m(2) nested subplots. We duplicated an earlier study that compared the Whittaker sample design, which had square clustered subplots, with the modified Whittaker design, which had dispersed rectangular subplots. To sort out effects of dispersion from shape we used a third design that overlaid square subplots on the modified Whittaker design. Also, using data from published studies we extracted species richness values for 400-m(2) subplots that were either square or 1:4 rectangles partially overlaid on each other from desert scrub in high and low rainfall years, chaparral, sage scrub, oak savanna and coniferous forests with and without fire. Results: We found that earlier empirical reports of more than 30% greater richness with rectangles were due to the confusion of shape effects with spatial effects, coupled with the use of cumulative number of species as the metric for comparison. Average species richness was not significantly different between square and 1:4 rectangular sample plots at either I or 100-m2. Pairwise comparisons showed no significant difference between square and rectangular samples in all but one vegetation type, and that one exhibited significantly greater richness with squares. Our three intensive study sites appear to exhibit some level of self-similarity at the scale of 400 m(2), but, contrary to theoretical expectations, we could not detect plot shape effects on species richness at this scale. Conclusions: At the 0.1-ha scale or lower there is no evidence that plot shape has predictable effects on number of species recorded from sample plots. We hypothesize that for the mediterranean-climate vegetation types studied here, the primary reason that 1:4 rectangles do not sample greater species richness than squares is because species turnover varies along complex environmental gradients that are both parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of rectangular plots. Reports in the literature of much greater species richness recorded for highly elongated rectangular strips than for squares of the same area are not likely to be fair comparisons because of the dramatically different periphery/area ratio. which includes a much greater proportion of species that are using both above and below-ground niche space outside the sample area. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov; seajay@ucla.edu NR 31 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1658/1100-9233(2005)016[0249:PSEOPS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 939NV UT WOS:000230080600014 ER PT J AU Lehr, MA Botzler, RG Samuel, MD Shadduck, DJ AF Lehr, MA Botzler, RG Samuel, MD Shadduck, DJ TI Associations between water quality, Pasteurella multocida, and avian cholera at Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian cholera; Pasteurella multocida; water characteristics; wetlands ID SURVIVAL; NEBRASKA; BIRDS AB We studied patterns in avian cholera mortality, the presence of Pasteurella multocida in the water or sediment, and water chemistry characteristics in 10 wetlands at the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex (California, USA), an area of recurrent avian cholera epizootics, during the winters of 1997 and 1998. Avian cholera outbreaks (>= 50 dead birds) occurred on two wetlands during the Winter of 1997, but no P. multocida were recovered from 390 water and 390 sediment samples from any of the 10 wetlands. No mortality events were observed on study wetlands during the winter of 1998; however, P. multocida was recovered from water and sediment samples in six of the 10 study wetlands. The pH levels were higher for wetlands experiencing outbreaks during the winter of 1997 than for nonoutbreak wetlands, and aluminum concentrations were higher in wetlands from which P. multocida were recovered during the winter of 1998. Water chemistry parameters (calcium, magnesium, sodium, and dissolved protein) previously linked with F. multocida and avian cholera mortality were not associated With the occurrence of avian cholera outbreaks or the presence of P. multocida in our study wetlands. Overall, we found no evidence to support the hypothesis that wetland characteristics facilitate the presence of P. multocida and, thereby, allow some wetlands to serve as long-term sources (reservoirs) for P. multocida. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Wildlife Dept, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Lehr, MA (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Wildlife Dept, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM mlehr@stanford.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 291 EP 297 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 960DI UT WOS:000231570000002 PM 16107662 ER PT J AU Walter, WD Leslie, DM Herner-Thogmartin, JH Smith, KG Cartwright, ME AF Walter, WD Leslie, DM Herner-Thogmartin, JH Smith, KG Cartwright, ME TI Efficacy of immobilizing free-ranging elk with Telazol (R) and xylazine hydrochloride using transmitter-equipped darts SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus nelsoni; elk; immobilization; Telazol (R); transmitter-equipped darts; xylazine hydrochloride ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; TOLAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE; YOHIMBINE HYDROCHLORIDE; KETAMINE-HYDROCHLORIDE; CARFENTANIL; ANTAGONISM; REVERSAL; MOOSE AB From January 1999 to April 2002, 14 free-ranging elk were darted With a mixture of Telazol (R) reconstituted with xylazine hydrochloride (HCl) in a forested habitat in southwestern Oklahoma and north-central Arkansas. Elk were darted from ground blinds, tree stands, or a vehicle at distances of 14-46 m and were recovered 37-274 m from the dart site. Elk were located using radiotelemetry with 3-cc disposable Pneu-dart (R) transmitter darts. Mean +/- SD dose of Telazol (R) and xylazine HCl was 590 +/- 192 mg/ml and 276 +/- 153 mg,/ml, respectively, and mean time to standing after injection of reversal agent was 27 min (range: 1-65 min). The combination of Telazol (R) and xylazine HCl successfully immobilized free-ranging elk, and transmitter-equipped darts permitted successful location of sedated elk by two people in areas of dense forest cover. The dose required to sedate elk appeared to vary depending on physiology and behavior, but no drug-induced mortality occurred despite the wide variance in the doses administered. We recommend 500 mg Telazol (R) reconstituted With 300 mg xylazine HCl as an initial dose for a >= 200 kg elk. If needed to achieve full sedation, up to 3 additional ml of the mixture may be administered without adverse effects. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Oklahoma City, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, United State Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Calico Rock, AR 72519 USA. RP Walter, WD (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 404 Life Sci W, Oklahoma City, OK 74078 USA. EM wdwalte@okstate.edu NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 395 EP 400 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 960DI UT WOS:000231570000015 PM 16107675 ER PT J AU Phalen, DN Drew, ML Contreras, C Roset, K Mora, M AF Phalen, DN Drew, ML Contreras, C Roset, K Mora, M TI Naturally occurring secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism in cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) from Central Texas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bubulcus ibis; cattle egrets; secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism ID RADIOGRAPHIC LESIONS; EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS; DEFICIENCY; BROILERS; GROSS; OSTEODYSTROPHY; CHICKS; BIRDS AB Naturally occurring secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism is described in the nestlings of two colonies of cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) from Central Texas (Bryan and San Antonio, Texas, USA). Nestlings from a third colony (Waco, Texas, USA) were collected in a subsequent year for comparison. Birds from the first two colonies consistently had severe osteopenia and associated curving deformities and folding fractures of their long bones. These birds also had reduced bone ash, increased osteoclasia, a marked decrease in osteoblast activity, variable lengthening and shortening of the hypertrophic zone of the epiphyseal cartilage, decreased and disorganized formation of new bone, and a marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands as compared to birds collected from the third colony. Fibrous osteodystrophy was found in all of the birds from San Antonio and Bryan. Evidence of moderate to severe calcium deficiency was also identified in 33% of the cattle egrets collected from Waco. Gut contents of affected chicks contained predominately grasshoppers and crickets; vertebrate prey items were absent from the Bryan birds. Grasshoppers and crickets collected from fields frequented by the adult egrets in 1994 had 0.12-0.28% calcium and 0.76-0.81% phosphorus. Pooled grasshoppers and crickets collected during a subsequent wet early spring averaged 0.24% calcium and 0.65% phosphorus. Although the phosphorus content of the insect prey was adequate for growth, calcium was approximately one-third the minimum calcium requirement needed for growth for other species of birds. It was postulated that cattle egrets breeding in Central Texas have expanded their range into habitat that contains less vertebrate prey, and as a result, many nestling egrets are being fed diets that contain suboptimal calcium. Therefore, in years where vertebrate prey is scarce and forage for insect prey is reduced in calcium, nestling egrets are at risk for developing secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Schubot Exot Bird Hlth Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Large Anim Med & Surg, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Austin, TX 78744 USA. Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Phalen, DN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Schubot Exot Bird Hlth Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM dphalen@cvm.tamu.edu OI Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 401 EP 415 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 960DI UT WOS:000231570000016 PM 16107676 ER PT J AU Woodruff, RA Bonde, RK Bonilla, JA Romero, CH AF Woodruff, RA Bonde, RK Bonilla, JA Romero, CH TI Molecular identification of a papilloma virus from cutaneous lesions of captive and free-ranging Florida manatees SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Florida manatee; L1 gene; molecular characterization; papillonia virus; skin lesions ID CANCER AB Cutaneous papillomatous lesions were biopsied from three captive Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) at Homosassa Springs State Wildlife Park (HSSWP), Homosassa, Florida, USA, and from six free-ranging Florida manatees from Crystal and Homosassa rivers, Florida. Total DNA extracted from these lesions was assayed for the presence of papilloma virus genomes using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers that target the L1 capsid protein gene. The amplification generated DNA fragments 458 base pairs in length that encompassed a highly conserved domain v,within the L1 capsid protein and translated into identical polypeptides of 152 amino acids, suggesting the involvement of a single papilloma virus genotype. Multiple amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the L1 fragment indicated that the Florida manatee papilloma virus is a unique and quite distinct papillomavirus from other known papilloma viruses. The emergence of this new pathogen raises concerns about its potential impact on the already endangered Florida manatee. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Romero, CH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM romeroc@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu OI Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 437 EP 441 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 960DI UT WOS:000231570000021 PM 16107681 ER PT J AU Sargeant, GA Sovada, MA Slivinski, MA Johnson, DH AF Sargeant, GA Sovada, MA Slivinski, MA Johnson, DH TI Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation of species distributions: A case study of the swift fox in western Kansas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian estimation; carnivore survey; image restoration; Kansas; Markov chain Monte Carlo; species distributions; species-habitat associations; swift fox; Vulpes velox; wildlife surveys ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; WILDLIFE; SYSTEMS; MODELS; RATES; BIRDS AB Accurate maps of species distributions are essential tools for wildlife research and conservation. Unfortunately, biologists often are forced to rely on maps derived from observed occurrences recorded opportunistically during observation periods of variable length. Spurious inferences are likely to result because such maps are profoundly affected by the duration and intensity of observation and by methods used to delineate distributions, especially when detection is uncertain. We conducted a systematic survey of swift fox (Vulpes velox) distribution in western Kansas, USA, and used Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) image restoration to rectify these problems. During 1997-1999, we searched 355 townships (ca. 93 km(2)) 1-3 times each for an average cost of $7,315 per year and achieved a detection rate (probability of detecting swift foxes, if present, during a single search) of 0 = 0.69 (95% Bayesian confidence interval [BCI] = [0.60, 0.77]). Our analysis produced an estimate of the underlying distribution, rather than a map of observed occurrences, that reflected the uncertainty associated with estimates of model parameters. To evaluate our results, we analyzed simulated data with similar properties. Results of our simulations suggest negligible bias and good precision when probabilities of detection on >= l survey occasions (cumulative probabilities of detection) exceed 0.65. Although the use of MCMC image restoration has been limited by theoretical and computational complexities, alternatives do not possess the same advantages. Image models accommodate uncertain detection, do not require spatially independent data or a census of map units, and can be used to estimate species distributions directly from observations without relying on habitat covariates or parameters that must be estimated subjectively. These features facilitate economical surveys of large regions, the detection of temporal trends in distribution, and assessments of landscape-level relations between species and habitats. Requirements for the use of MCMC image restoration include study areas that can be partitioned into regular grids of mapping units, spatially contagious species distributions, reliable methods for identifying target species, and cumulative probabilities of detection >= 0.65. C1 US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. RP Sargeant, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM glen_sargeant@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 483 EP 497 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0483:MCMCEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 955CW UT WOS:000231203700004 ER PT J AU Lehnen, SE Krementz, DG AF Lehnen, SE Krementz, DG TI Turnover rates of fall-migrating pectoral sandpipers in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Calidris melanotos; length-biased-sampling; Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley; migration; pectoral sandpiper; radiotelemetry; stopover duration; turnover rate ID WESTERN SANDPIPERS; SPRING MIGRATION; STOPOVER ECOLOGY; SHOREBIRD USE; POPULATIONS; LANDSCAPE AB Knowledge of the length of time spent at migratory stopover sites, or stopover duration, can help biologists estimate the total number of birds passing through a site, which in turn can be used to estimate population size. We estimated the stopover duration for 106 radiomarked pectoral sandpipers (Calidris melanotos) in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (MAV) during fall migrations in 2001 and 2002. We estimated time-at-site-after-capture by tracking radiomarked birds daily to determine their time of departure from stopover sites. We used length-biased sampling and program DISTANCE to estimate stopover duration from time-at-site-after-capture. Our estimate of stopover duration for pectoral sandpipers in the MAV over all sites and both years was 10.0 days (95% Cl = 8.2-11.7). Aerial telemetry relocations from 2002 indicated that many pectoral sandpipers used multiple stopover sites during their migration through the MAV, which suggested that the total time spent by pectoral sandpipers in the MAV during fall migration, or turnover rate, was,longer than the stopover duration. Future research should focus on estimating the number of stopover sites used by pectoral sandpipers and determine whether other shore-bird species use multiple sites as well. If shorebirds migrating through the MAV stay in the region for a period longer than the 10 days suggested by the Lower Mississippi Valley joint Venture (LMVJV) Migratory Bird Science Team in their modeling of shorebird energetic requirements then more habitat may be required by shorebirds during fall migration than the 2,000 ha the group calculated for the MAV. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Lehnen, SE (reprint author), Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd,210 Kouman Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lehnen.2@osu.edu NR 43 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 671 EP 680 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0671:TROFPS]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 955CW UT WOS:000231203700022 ER PT J AU Driscoll, MJL Donovan, T Mickey, R Howard, A Fleming, KK AF Driscoll, MJL Donovan, T Mickey, R Howard, A Fleming, KK TI Determinants of wood thrush nest success: A multi-scale, model selection approach SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hylocichla mustelina; information-theoretic approach; nest success; New York; statistical modeling; wood thrush ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE OCCUPANCY; SEASONAL FECUNDITY; MIGRATORY BIRDS; SITE SELECTION; PREDATION; EDGE AB We collected data on 212 wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) nests in central New York from 1998 to 2000 to determine the factors that most strongly influence nest success. We used an information-theoretic approach to assess and rank 9 models that examined the relationship between nest success (i.e., the probability that a nest would successfully fledge at least I wood thrush offspring) and habitat conditions at different spatial scales. We found that 4 variables were significant predictors of nesting success for wood-thrushes: (1) total core habitat within 5 kin of a study site, (2) distance to forest-field edge, (3) total forest cover within 5 kin of the study site, and (4) density and variation in diameter of trees and shrubs surrounding the nest. The coefficients of these predictors were all positive. Of the 9 models evaluated, amount of core habitat in the 5-km landscape was the best-fit model, but the vegetation structure model (i.e., the density of trees and stems surrounding a nest) was also supported by the data. Based on AIC weights, enhancement of core area is likely to be a more effective management option than any other habitat-management options explored in this study. Bootstrap analysis generally confirmed these results; core and vegetation structure models were ranked 1, 2, or 3 in over 50% of 1,000 bootstrap trials. However, bootstrap results did not point to a decisive model, which suggests that multiple habitat factors are influencing wood thrush nesting success. Due to model uncertainty, we used a model averaging approach to predict the success or failure of each nest in our dataset. This averaged model was able to correctly predict 61.1% of nest outcomes. C1 USGS Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Math & Stat, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Acad Comp Serv, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Donovan, T (reprint author), Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM tdonovan@uvm.edu NR 62 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 699 EP 709 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0699:DOWTNS]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 955CW UT WOS:000231203700025 ER PT J AU Hoving, CL Harrison, DJ Krohn, WB Joseph, RA O'Brien, M AF Hoving, CL Harrison, DJ Krohn, WB Joseph, RA O'Brien, M TI Broad-scale predictors of Canada lynx occurrence in eastern North America SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Akaike's Information Criterion; Canada lynx; climate; habitat; information-theoretic approach; landscape ecology; logistic regression; Lynx canadensis; predictive models; snowfall ID HABITAT; CANADENSIS; PATTERNS; MAINE; SNOW AB The Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) is listed as a threatened species throughout the southern extent of its geographic range in the United States. Most research on lynx has been conducted in the western United States and Canada; little is known about the ecology of lynx in eastern North America. To fill critical knowledge gaps about this species, we modeled and mapped lynx occurrence using habitat and weather data from 7 eastern states and 3 Canadian provinces. Annual snowfall, road density, bobcat (L. rufus) harvest, deciduous forest, and coniferous forest were compared at 1,150 lynx locations and 1,288 random locations. Nineteen a priori models were developed using the information-theoretic approach, and logistic regression models were ranked using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and by our ability to correctly classify reserved data (Kappa). Annual snowfall and deciduous forest predicted lynx presence and absence for a reserved dataset (n = 278) with 94% accuracy. A map of the probability of lynx occurrence throughout the region revealed that 92% of the potential habitat (i.e., > 50% probability of occurrence) was concentrated in a relatively contiguous complex encompassing northern Maine, New Brunswick, and the Gaspe peninsula of Quebec. Most of the remaining potential habitat (5%) was on northern Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia. Potential habitat in New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York was small (1,252 km(2)), fragmented, and isolated (> 200 km) from known lynx populations. When federally listed as threatened in the contiguous United States in 2000, inadequate regulations on federal lands were cited as the primary threat to Canada lynx. However, the majority of potential lynx habitat in the eastern United States is on private lands and continuous with potential habitat in Canada. Therefore, lynx conservation in eastern North America will need to develop partnerships across national, state, and provincial boundaries as well as with private landowners. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Maine Cooperat, Fish & Wildlife Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Old Town, ME 04468 USA. Nova Scotia Dept Nat Resources, Kentville, NS B4N 4E5, Canada. RP Hoving, CL (reprint author), Dept Nat Resources, Plainwell, MI 49080 USA. EM HovingC@michigan.gov NR 40 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 33 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 739 EP 751 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0739:BPOCLO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 955CW UT WOS:000231203700029 ER PT J AU Reinecke, KJ Hartke, KM AF Reinecke, KJ Hartke, KM TI Estimating moist-soil seeds available to waterfowl with double sampling for stratification SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE double sampling; estimation; food availability; food resources; foraging habitat; moist-soil; sampling strategies; seeds; waterfowl; wetland management ID PLANTS C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Reinecke, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 2524 S Frontage Rd,Suite C, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM ken_reineke@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 794 EP 799 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0794:EMSATW]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 955CW UT WOS:000231203700034 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Garrettson, PR AF Royle, JA Garrettson, PR TI The effect of reward band value on mid-continent mallard band reporting rates SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE band-recovery models; mallard; band reporting rate; waterfowl banding; waterfowl harvest rate ID MANAGEMENT; HARVESTS C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM andy_royle@fws.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 8 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 800 EP 804 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0800:TEORBV]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 955CW UT WOS:000231203700035 ER PT J AU Kvenvolden, KA Rogers, BW AF Kvenvolden, KA Rogers, BW TI Gaia's breath - global methane exhalations SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Near-Surface Hydrocarbon Migration CY APR 07-10, 2002 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP AAPG DE methane; seeps; global inventory; carbon cycle ID MOSBY MUD VOLCANO; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; GAS HYDRATE; GEOLOGIC EMISSIONS; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; HIKURANGI MARGIN; NORTON SOUND; NATURAL-GAS; NEW-ZEALAND AB Methane (CH4) is the most abundant organic compound in the Earth's atmosphere, where it acts as a greenhouse gas and thus has implications for global climate change. The current atmospheric CH4 budget, however, does not take into account geologically-sourced CH4 seepage. Geological sources of CH4 include natural macro- and micro-seeps, mud volcanoes, and other miscellaneous sources such as gas hydrates, magmatic volcanoes, geothermal regions, and mid-ocean ridges. Macro-seeps contribute similar to 25 Tg (teragrams) CH4/yr to the atmosphere, whereas, micro-seepage contributes perhaps 7 Tg CH4/yr. Mud volcanoes emit similar to 5 Tg CH4/yr, and miscellaneous sources emit similar to 8 Tg CH4/yr to the atmosphere. Thus, the total contribution to the atmosphere from geological sources is estimated to be 45 Tg CH4/yr, which is significant to the atmospheric organic carbon cycle and should be included in any global inventory of atmospheric CH4. We argue that the atmospheric CH4 global inventory of the Interplanetary Panel on Climate Change must be adjusted in order to incorporate geologically-sourced CH4 from naturally occurring seepage. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kkvenvolden@usgs.gov NR 83 TC 136 Z9 144 U1 4 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 4 BP 579 EP 590 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.08.004 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 940XB UT WOS:000230178100008 ER PT J AU Alexander, CMO Grossman, JN AF Alexander, CMO Grossman, JN TI Alkali elemental and potassium isotopic compositions of Semarkona chondrules SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PORPHYRITIC PYROXENE CHONDRULES; ORDINARY CHONDRITES; FEO-RICH; SILICATE MELTS; FRACTIONATION; COMPONENTS; METAMORPHISM; GLASSES; SYSTEMS; SODIUM AB We report measurements of K isotope ratios in 28 Semarkona chondrules with a wide range of petrologic types and bulk compositions as well as the compositions of CPX-mesostasis pairs in 17 type I Semarkona chondrules, including two chondrules with radial alkali zonation and 19 type 11 chondrules. Despite the wide range in K/Al ratios, no systematic variations in K isotopic compositions were found. Semarkona chondrules do not record a simple history of Rayleigh-type loss of K. Experimentally determined evaporation rates suggest that considerable alkali evaporation would have occurred during chondrule formation. Nevertheless, based on Na CPX-mesostasis distribution coefficients, the alkali contents of the cores of most chondrules in Semarkona were probably established at the time of final crystallization. However, Na CPX-mesostasis distribution coefficients also show that alkali zonation in type I Semarkona chondrules was produced by entry of alkalis after solidification, probably during parent body alteration. This alkali metasomatism may have gone to completion in some chondrules. Our preferred explanation for the lack of systematic isotopic enrichments, even in alkali depleted type I chondrule cores, is that they exchanged with the ambient gas as they cooled. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Alexander, CMO (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM alexander@dtm.ciw.edu RI Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013 OI Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 8 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 4 BP 541 EP 556 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 947ZI UT WOS:000230685400004 ER PT J AU Weckworth, BV Talbot, S Sage, GK Person, DK Cook, J AF Weckworth, BV Talbot, S Sage, GK Person, DK Cook, J TI A signal for independent coastal and continental histories among North American wolves SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; DNA; endemic; microsatellites; Pacific Northwest; southeast Alaska ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; MARTEN MARTES-AMERICANA; GWAII GLACIAL REFUGIUM; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; GRAY WOLF; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; CANIS-LUPUS; ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; POPULATION BOTTLENECKS AB Relatively little genetic variation has been uncovered in surveys across North American wolf populations. Pacific Northwest coastal wolves, in particular, have never been analysed. With an emphasis on coastal Alaska wolf populations, variation at 11 microsatellite loci was assessed. Coastal wolf populations were distinctive from continental wolves and high levels of diversity were found within this isolated and relatively small geographical region. Significant genetic structure within southeast Alaska relative to other populations in the Pacific Northwest, and lack of significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances suggest that differentiation of southeast Alaska wolves may be caused by barriers to gene flow, rather than isolation by distance. Morphological research also suggests that coastal wolves differ from continental populations. A series of studies of other mammals in the region also has uncovered distinctive evolutionary histories and high levels of endemism along the Pacific coast. Divergence of these coastal wolves is consistent with the unique phylogeographical history of the biota of this region and re-emphasizes the need for continued exploration of this biota to lay a framework for thoughtful management of southeast Alaska. C1 Idaho State Univ, Div Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Weckworth, BV (reprint author), Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM weckwort@msu.edu RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011; OI Cook, Joseph/0000-0003-3985-0670 NR 84 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 917 EP 931 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02461.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 907MJ UT WOS:000227721900002 PM 15773925 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ Taylor, SE Quinn, TW AF Oyler-McCance, SJ Taylor, SE Quinn, TW TI A multilocus population genetic survey of the greater sage-grouse across their range SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene flow; genetic diversity; greater sage-grouse; microsatellites; mtDNA; nested clade analysis ID EVOLUTIONARILY-SIGNIFICANT-UNITS; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE DATA; HAPLOTYPES; COLORADO; REGION; MICROSATELLITE; CENTROCERCUS AB The distribution and abundance of the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have declined dramatically, and as a result the species has become the focus of conservation efforts. We conducted a range-wide genetic survey of the species which included 46 populations and over 1000 individuals using both mitochondrial sequence data and data from seven nuclear microsatellites. Nested clade and STRUCTURE analyses revealed that, in general, the greater sage-grouse populations follow an isolation-by-distance model of restricted gene flow. This suggests that movements of the greater sage-grouse are typically among neighbouring populations and not across the species, range. This may have important implications if management is considering translocations as they should involve neighbouring rather than distant populations to preserve any effects of local adaptation. We identified two populations in Washington with low levels of genetic variation that reflect severe habitat loss and dramatic population decline. Managers of these populations may consider augmentation from geographically close populations. One population (Lyon/Mono) on the southwestern edge of the species' range appears to have been isolated from all other greater sage-grouse populations. This population is sufficiently genetically distinct that it warrants protection and management as a separate unit. The genetic data presented here, in conjunction with large-scale demographic and habitat data, will provide an integrated approach to conservation efforts for the greater sage-grouse. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Systemat, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1293 EP 1310 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02491.x PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 913UN UT WOS:000228179200003 PM 15813771 ER PT J AU Grabowski, TB Isely, JJ AF Grabowski, TB Isely, JJ TI Use of prepositioned grid electrofishers for the collection of robust redhorse broodstock SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CATOSTOMIDAE; SELECTION; FISH AB We investigated the potential of prepositioned grid electrofishers as a means of collecting broodstock for the rare robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum. We found that combined with visual observation, this technique allowed for the efficient capture of fish in breeding condition. We were able to harvest eggs in the field and bring only fertilized eggs into the hatchery. There was no need to induce spawning hormonally. Although their use is limited by water depth and clarity, prepositioned grid electrofishers used in conjunction with visual observation warrants further consideration as an effective tool for the collection of reproductively active broodstock for conservation purposes. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. S Carolina Cooperat Fish, US Geol Survey, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Grabowski, TB (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM tgrabow@clemson.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2005 VL 67 IS 2 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1577/A04-031.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 925LE UT WOS:000229053800001 ER PT J AU Rach, JJ Redman, S Bast, D Gaikowski, MP AF Rach, JJ Redman, S Bast, D Gaikowski, MP TI Efficacy of hydrogen peroxide versus formalin treatments to control mortality associated with saprolegniasis on lake trout eggs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID EYED EGGS; INCUBATION; TOXICITY AB We compared the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide versus formalin treatments to control fungal infections on eggs of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush incubated at a hatchery in Wisconsin. Four strains of lake trout eggs were incubated in six vertical-flow Heath incubators; three replicate incubators for each chemical. Each incubator had 13 trays containing approximately 25,000-30,000 eggs/tray. Formalin (1,667 mg/L) or hydrogen peroxide (1,000 mg/L) treatments were administered once daily for 15 min up to the development of visible eye spots in the eggs (eyed egg stage). Eyed and dead eggs were separated using a photoelectric egg sorter, and the number of live and dead eggs was determined volumetrically. In the hydrogen peroxide test group, the bottom trays of each incubator had fungus present on the eggs, whereas no fungus was observed on eggs treated with formalin. The mean percentage of eyed eggs for an incubator treated with formalin (75%) was significantly greater than an incubator treated with hydrogen peroxide (70%). Formalin was the most efficacious therapeutant; however, both therapeutants were effective in increasing lake trout egg survival up to the eyed egg stage. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper MW Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Iron River Natl Fish Hatchery, Iron River, WI 54847 USA. RP Rach, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper MW Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jeffrey_rach@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2005 VL 67 IS 2 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1577/A04-062.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 925LE UT WOS:000229053800011 ER PT J AU Blums, P Nichols, JD Hines, JE Lindberg, MS Mednis, A AF Blums, P Nichols, JD Hines, JE Lindberg, MS Mednis, A TI Individual quality, survival variation and patterns of phenotypic selection on body condition and timing of nesting in birds SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; fitness; individual covariates; individual quality; stabilizing selection ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; LESSER SNOW GEESE; EUROPEAN DUCKS; LONG-TERM; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; NATURAL-SELECTION; OCCAMS SHADOW; SIZE AB Questions about individual variation in "quality" and fitness are of great interest to evolutionary and population ecologists. Such variation can be investigated using either a random effects approach or an approach that relies on identifying observable traits that are themselves correlated with fitness components. We used the latter approach with data from 1,925 individual females of three species of ducks (tufted duck, Aythya fuligula; common pochard, Aythya ferina; northern shoveler, Anas clypeata) sampled on their breeding grounds at Engure Marsh, Latvia, for over 15 years. Based on associations with reproductive output, we selected two traits, one morphological (relative body condition) and one behavioral (relative time of nesting), that can be used to characterize individual females over their lifetimes. We then asked whether these traits were related to annual survival probabilities of nesting females. We hypothesized quadratic, rather than monotonic, relationships based loosely on ideas about the likely action of stabilizing selection on these two traits. Parameters of these relationships were estimated directly using ultrastructural models embedded within capture-recapture-band-recovery models. Results provided evidence that both traits were related to survival in the hypothesized manner. For all three species, females that tended to nest earlier than the norm exhibited the highest survival rates, but very early nesters experienced reduced survival and late nesters showed even lower survival. For shovelers, females in average body condition showed the highest survival, with lower survival rates exhibited by both heavy and light birds. For common pochard and tufted duck, the highest survival rates were associated with birds of slightly above-average condition, with somewhat lower survival for very heavy birds and much lower survival for birds in relatively poor condition. Based on results from this study and previous work on reproduction, we conclude that nest initiation date and body condition covary with both reproductive and survival components of fitness. These associations lead to a positive covariance of these two fitness components within individuals and to the conclusion that these two traits are indeed correlates of individual quality. C1 Latvian State Univ, Inst Biol, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Blums, P (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Gaylord Mem Lab, Route 1,Box 185, Puxico, MO 63960 USA. EM gaylord3@starband.net NR 65 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 6 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2005 VL 143 IS 3 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1794-x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 918CT UT WOS:000228517300004 PM 15657762 ER PT J AU Busing, RT Fujimori, T AF Busing, RT Fujimori, T TI Biomass, production and woody detritus in an old coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) forest SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE decay; natural disturbance; NPP; old growth; Pacific Northwest; stand dynamics; woody debris ID GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ECOLOGY; DEBRIS; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS; STANDS; STATE AB We examined aboveground biomass dynamics, aboveground net primary production (ANPP), and woody detritus input in an old Sequoia sempervirens stand over a three-decade period. Our estimates of aboveground biomass ranged from 3300 to 5800 Mg ha(-1). Stem biomass estimates ranged from 3000 to 5200 Mg ha(-1). Stem biomass declined 7% over the study interval. Biomass dynamics were patchy, with marked declines in recent tree-fall patches < 0.05 ha in size. Larger tree-fall patches approaching 0.2 ha in size were observed outside the study plot. Our estimates of ANPP ranged from 6 to 14 Mg ha(-1)yr(-1). Estimates of 7 to 10 Mg ha(-1)yr(-1)p were considered to be relatively accurate. Thus, our estimates based on long-term data corroborated the findings of earlier short-term studies. ANPP of old, pure stands of Sequoia was not above average for temperate forests. Even though production was potentially high on a per stem basis, it was moderate at the stand level. We obtained values of 797 m(3) ha(-1) and 262 Mg ha(-1) for coarse woody detritus volume and mass, respectively. Fine woody detritus volume and mass were estimated at 16 m(3) ha(-1) and 5 Mg ha(-1), respectively. Standing dead trees (or snags) comprised 7% of the total coarse detritus volume and 8% of the total mass. Coarse detritus input averaged 5.7 to 6.9 Mg ha(-1)yr(-1). Assuming steady-state input and pool of coarse detritus, we obtained a decay rate constant of 0.022 to 0.026. The old-growth stand of Sequoia studied had extremely high biomass, but ANPP was moderate and the amount of woody detritus was not exceptionally large. Biomass accretion and loss were not rapid in this stand partly because of the slow population dynamics and low canopy turnover rate of Sequoia at the old-growth stage. Nomenclature: Hickman (1993). C1 US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Japan Forest Technol Assoc, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1020085, Japan. RP Busing, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 177 IS 2 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s11258-005-2322-8 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 940WF UT WOS:000230175900003 ER PT J AU Rodhouse, TJ McCaffrey, MF Wright, RG AF Rodhouse, TJ McCaffrey, MF Wright, RG TI Distribution, foraging behavior, and capture results of the spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) in Central Oregon SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE spotted bat; Enderma maculatum; distribution; foraging behavior; capture results; Oregon ID ECHOLOCATION CALLS; VESPERTILIONIDAE; ARIZONA AB The spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) has been virtually unknown in Oregon despite the existence of potential habitat in many areas of the state. In 2002 and 2003 we searched for spotted bats along the John Day, Deschutes, and Crooked Rivers and at a remote dry canyon southeast of the city of Bend in central Oregon. The species was documented through the use of mist-nets, a bat detector, and recognition of audible spotted bat calls. Spotted bats were found at 11 locations in 6 Oregon counties. Nightly activity patterns of spotted bats were unpredictable. Spotted bats were found in 78% of search areas but on only 48% of survey nights. We observed spotted bats foraging above fields and low upland slopes adjacent to rivers and creeks and along the rims of cliffs. Estimated flying heights of spotted bats ranged from 3 m to 50 m aboveground. The species was difficult to capture and was captured only after considerable experimentation with methods and materials. Three spotted bats were captured toward the end of the project in 2003 and accounted for only 0.5% of all bats captured during the study. Although we attached radio transmitters to 2 spotted bats, we found no roost locations. We believe additional spotted bat surveys in Oregon are warranted, especially in higher-elevation habitats, but recommend that to increase their effectiveness, surveys accommodate the unique foraging behavior of the species. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, USGS, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Rodhouse, TJ (reprint author), 365 NW Suite St, Bend, OR 97701 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2005 VL 65 IS 2 BP 215 EP 222 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 924OG UT WOS:000228987500010 ER PT J AU Plumb, RE Anderson, SH Knopf, FL AF Plumb, RE Anderson, SH Knopf, FL TI Habitat and nesting biology of mountain plovers in Wyoming SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Mountain Plover; Charadrius montanus; nest site; hatching success; Wyoming; shortgrass prairie ID CHARADRIUS-MONTANUS; BREEDING BIOLOGY; SURVIVAL AB Although previous research has considered habitat associations and breeding biology of Mountain Plovers in Wyoming at discrete sites, no study has considered these attributes at a statewide scale. We located 55 Mountain Plover nests in 6 counties across Wyoming during 2002 and 2003. Nests occurred in 2 general habitat types; grassland and desert-shrub. Mean estimated hatch date was 26 June (n = 31) in 2002 and 21 June (n = 24) in 2003. Mean hatch date was not related to latitude or elevation. Hatch success of nests was inferred in 2003 by the presence of eggshell fragments in the nest scrape. Eggs in 14 of 22 (64%) known-fate nests hatched. All grassland sites and 90% of desert sites Were host to ungulate grazers, although prairie dogs were absent at 64% of nest sites. Nest plots had less grass coverage and reduced grass height compared with random plots. More than 50% of nests occurred on elevated plateaus. The Mountain Plover's tendency to nest on arid, elevated plateaus further substantiates claims that the bird is also a disturbed-prairie species. C1 Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Plumb, RE (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2005 VL 65 IS 2 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 924OG UT WOS:000228987500011 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD AF Lafferty, KD TI Look what the cat dragged in: do parasites contribute to human cultural diversity? SO BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Toxoplasma gondii; cats; rats; culture; personality ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION; RATTUS-NORVEGICUS; PERSONALITY; BEHAVIOR; RATS; PERFORMANCE; MICE C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-6357 J9 BEHAV PROCESS JI Behav. Processes PD MAR 31 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 3 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.beproc.2004.08.019 PG 4 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 917BL UT WOS:000228430800021 PM 15792708 ER PT J AU Roe, KJ Hartfield, PD AF Roe, KJ Hartfield, PD TI Hamiota, a new genus of freshwater mussel (Bivalvia : Unionidae) from the Gulf of Mexico drainages of the southeastern United States SO NAUTILUS LA English DT Article AB Hamiota, a new genus of freshwater mussel containing four species formerly assigned to the genus Lampsilis Rafinesque, 1820, is described, in addition to the genus Lampsilis, members of Hamiota had previously, been placed in the genera Vilosa Frierson, 1927, and Lignmia Swainson, 1840. Several characters including the packaging of their larvae in a superconglutinate lure to attract host fishes, placement and shape of the marsupia, and release of glochidia through the excurrent siphon, support the recognition of these species as a distinct genus. C1 Delaware Museum Nat Hist, Wilmington, DE 19807 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, MS 39213 USA. RP Roe, KJ (reprint author), Delaware Museum Nat Hist, 4840 Kennett Pike, Wilmington, DE 19807 USA. EM kroe@delmnh.org; Paul_Hartfield@fws.gov NR 55 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU BAILEY-MATTHEWS SHELL MUSEUM PI SANIBEL PA C/O DR JOSE H LEAL, ASSOCIATE/MANAGING EDITOR, 3075 SANIBEL-CAPTIVA RD, SANIBEL, FL 33957 USA SN 0028-1344 J9 NAUTILUS JI Nautilus PD MAR 28 PY 2005 VL 119 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 911HE UT WOS:000227992400001 ER PT J AU Croll, DA Maron, JL Estes, JA Danner, EM Byrd, GV AF Croll, DA Maron, JL Estes, JA Danner, EM Byrd, GV TI Introduced predators transform subarctic islands from grassland to tundra SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPHIC CASCADES; FOOD WEBS; COMMUNITIES; ECOLOGY; MARINE AB Top predators often have powerful direct effects on prey populations, but whether these direct effects propagate to the base of terrestrial food webs is debated. There are few examples of trophic cascades strong enough to alter the abundance and composition of entire plant communities. We show that the introduction of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) to the Aleutian archipelago induced strong shifts in plant productivity and community structure via a previously unknown pathway. By preying on seabirds, foxes reduced nutrient transport from ocean to land, affecting soil fertility and transforming grasslands to dwarf shrub/forb-dominated ecosystems. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Croll, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM croll@biology.ucsc.edu NR 23 TC 234 Z9 246 U1 16 U2 177 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 25 PY 2005 VL 307 IS 5717 BP 1959 EP 1961 DI 10.1126/science.1108485 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 910UI UT WOS:000227957300056 PM 15790855 ER PT J AU Hacker, BR Rubie, DC Kirby, SH Bohlen, SR AF Hacker, BR Rubie, DC Kirby, SH Bohlen, SR TI The calcite -> aragonite transformation in low-Mg marble: Equilibrium relations, transformation mechanisms, and rates SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY DIFFUSION; CALCITE; TRANSITION; ARAGONITE; KINETICS; OLIVINE; EXAMPLES; SPINEL; MN; CA AB Experimental transformation of a rather pure natural calcite marble to aragonite marble did not proceed via the expected straightforward polymorphic replacement. Instead, the small amount of Mg in the starting material (0.36 wt%) was excluded from the growing aragonite and diffused preferentially into the remaining calcite grains, producing Mg-rich calcite rods that persisted as relicts. Nucleation of aragonite occurred exclusively on grain boundaries, with aragonite [001] oriented subparallel to calcite [0001]. The aragonite crystals preferentially consumed the calcite crystal on which they nucleated, and the reaction fronts developed preferentially along the {010} and {110} planes of aragonite. Each aragonite neoblast that grew was nearly free of Mg (typically < 0.1 wt%). The excess Mg was taken up by the calcite grains in between, stabilizing them and causing a few volume percent rodlike relicts of Mg- enriched calcite (up to 10 wt% MgO) to be left behind by the advancing reaction front. The aragonite growth rates are approximately linear and range from similar to 3 x 10(-11) m s(-1) at 600 degrees C to similar to 9 x 10(-9) m s(-1) at 850 degrees C, with an apparent activation enthalpy of 166 +/- 91 kJ mol(-1). This reaction mechanism and the resultant texture are akin to cellular precipitation reactions in metals. Similar transformation textures have been reported from high-Mg marbles in Japan and China that disproportionated to low-Mg calcite and dolomite. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Joint Oceanog Inst, Washington, DC 20192 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geo Inst, D-95490 Bayreuth, Germany. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hacker, BR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM hacker@geol.ucsb.edu RI Hacker, Bradley/E-7750-2011 NR 43 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 19 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B3 AR B03205 DI 10.1029/2004JB003302 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 909QV UT WOS:000227876500001 ER PT J AU Head, JW Neukum, G Jaumann, R Hiesinger, H Hauber, E Carr, M Masson, P Foing, B Hoffmann, H Kreslavsky, M Werner, S Milkovich, S van Gasselt, S AF Head, JW Neukum, G Jaumann, R Hiesinger, H Hauber, E Carr, M Masson, P Foing, B Hoffmann, H Kreslavsky, M Werner, S Milkovich, S van Gasselt, S CA HRSC Co-Investigator Team TI Tropical to mid-latitude snow and ice accumulation, flow and glaciation on Mars SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ROCK GLACIERS; EVOLUTION; FEATURES; DEBRIS AB Images from the Mars Express HRSC (High-Resolution Stereo Camera) of debris aprons at the base of massifs in eastern Hellas reveal numerous concentrically ridged lobate and pitted features and related evidence of extremely ice-rich glacier-like viscous flow and sublimation. Together with new evidence for recent ice-rich rock glaciers at the base of the Olympus Mons scarp superposed on larger Late Amazonian debris-covered piedmont glaciers, we interpret these deposits as evidence for geologically recent and recurring glacial activity in tropical and mid-latitude regions of Mars during periods of increased spin-axis obliquity when polar ice was mobilized and redeposited in microenvironments at lower latitudes. The data indicate that abundant residual ice probably remains in these deposits and that these records of geologically recent climate changes are accessible to future automated and human surface exploration. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Wissensch, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. DLR, Inst Planetenforsch, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Orsay Terre, F-91405 Orsay, France. ESTEC, SCISR, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Head, JW (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM james_head@brown.edu RI Werner, Stephanie/A-6438-2012; Kreslavsky, Mikhail/J-3425-2013; van Gasselt, Stephan/L-9762-2013; OI Werner, Stephanie/0000-0001-5704-0909; van Gasselt, Stephan/0000-0003-2130-6343; Kreslavsky, Mikhail/0000-0002-1900-826X NR 38 TC 190 Z9 192 U1 6 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 17 PY 2005 VL 434 IS 7031 BP 346 EP 351 DI 10.1038/nature03359 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 907KG UT WOS:000227715100042 PM 15772652 ER PT J AU Powell, CL Grant, LB Conkling, SW AF Powell, CL Grant, LB Conkling, SW TI Paleoecologic analysis and age of a late Pleistocene fossil assemblage from upper Newport Bay, Newport Beach, Orange County, California SO VELIGER LA English DT Article ID LATE QUATERNARY UPLIFT; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; SAN-JOAQUIN HILLS AB A new fossil site containing abundant late Pleistocene marine invertebrates was exposed during grading activities near the northeastern end of Upper Newport Bay, in the city of Newport Beach, Orange County, southern California. The site has since been destroyed but yielded an assemblage of at least 103 species, represented by 98 species of mollusks (54 bivalves, 43 gastropods, and one scaphopod), at least three species of arthropods (barnacles and crabs), and two echinoids from six spot collections. The composite assemblage from the Fletcher Jones site (Orange County Paleontological Collections [OCPC] localities 2601 through 2606) represents a mixed thanatocoenosis, including representatives from protected bay, sandy-bottom and rocky-bottom, protected to open coasts, and offshore environments. The percentage (12.6%) of extralimital southern species indicates warmer-water temperatures than presently exist along the Orange County coast. The age of the fauna (similar to 120,000 yr) is inferred from correlation with similar, U-series dated faunas from the same marine terrace around Upper Newport Bay. Correlative faunas from nearby localities contain extralimital southern species, and date to marine oxygen-isotope (delta O-18) substage 5e. Turritella mariana Dall is reported as a fossil for the first time. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Environm Hlth Sci & Policy, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. LSA Associates, Irvine, CA 92714 USA. RP Powell, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 975,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Ludwig, Lisa Grant/G-6442-2012 OI Ludwig, Lisa Grant/0000-0001-6538-8067 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CALIF MALACOZOOLOGICAL SOC INC PI SANTA BARBARA PA SANTA BARBARA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, 2559 PUESTA DEL SOL RD, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93105 USA SN 0042-3211 J9 VELIGER JI Veliger PD MAR 16 PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3 BP 183 EP 192 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 909ZC UT WOS:000227898200004 ER PT J AU Brown, ME Kowalewski, M Neves, RJ Cherry, DS Schreiber, ME AF Brown, ME Kowalewski, M Neves, RJ Cherry, DS Schreiber, ME TI Freshwater mussel shells as environmental chronicles: Geochemical and taphonomic signatures of mercury-related extirpations in the North Fork Holston River, Virginia SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERNA-VIRIDIS; PENINSULAR MALAYSIA; MYTILUS-EDULIS; COLORADO RIVER; WEST-COAST; SYSTEM; BIOAVAILABILITY; POLLUTION; PLANTS; BAY AB This study utilized freshwater mussel shells to assess mercury (Hg) contamination in the North Fork Holston River that extirpated (caused local extinctions of) a diverse mussel fauna. Shells (n = 366) were collected from five sites situated upstream (two sites), just below (one site), and downstream (two sites) of the town of Saltville, Virginia, where Hg was used to produce chlorine and caustic soda from 1950 to 1972. Shell samples were used to test the ( 1) utility of geochemical signatures of shells for assessing the spatial variation in Hg levels in the river relative to the contamination source and (2) value of taphonomy (postmortem shell alteration) for distinguishing sites that differ in extirpation histories. Geochemical signatures of 40 shells, analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy, indicated a strong longitudinal pattern. All shells from the two upstream sites had low Hg concentrations (< 5-31 mu g/kg), shells directly below Saltville had variable, but dramatically higher concentrations (23-4637 mu g/kg), and shells from the two downstream sites displayed intermediate Hg levels (< 5-115 mu g/kg) that declined with distance from Saltville. Two pre-industrial shells, collected at Saltville in 1917, yielded very low Hg estimates (5-6 mu g/kg). Hg signatures were consistent among mussel species, suggesting that Hg concentrations were invariant to species type; most likely, highly variable Hg levels, both across sites and through time, overwhelmed any interspecific differences in Hg acquisition. Also, a notable postmortem incorporation of Hg in mussel shells seemed unlikely, as the Hg content was not correlated with shell taphonomy (r= 0.18; p = 0.28). The taphonomic analysis (n = 366) showed that the degree of shell alteration reliably distinguished sites with different extirpation histories. At Saltville, where live mussels have been absent for at least 30 years, shells were most heavily altered and fragmented. Conversely, fresh-looking shells abounded upstream, where reproducing mussel populations are still present. In summary, relic shells offered valuable spatio-temporal data on Hg concentrations in a polluted ecosystem, and shell taphonomic signatures discriminated sites with different extirpation histories. The shell-based strategies exemplified here do not require sampling live specimens and may augment more standard strategies applied to environmental monitoring. The approach should prove especially useful in areas with unknown extirpation and pollution histories. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mebrown@vt.edu RI Kowalewski, Michal/B-4263-2008; Schreiber, Madeline/A-5356-2009 OI Kowalewski, Michal/0000-0002-8575-4711; Schreiber, Madeline/0000-0002-1858-7730 NR 44 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1455 EP 1462 DI 10.1021/es048573p PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906JF UT WOS:000227636300017 PM 15819197 ER PT J AU Slowey, AJ Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE AF Slowey, AJ Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE TI Speciation of mercury and mode of transport from placer gold mine tailings SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; ORGANIC-MATTER; SPECTROSCOPY; RELEASE; CHARGE; ACIDS; EXTRACTIONS; GROUNDWATER; DISSOLUTION; KINETICS AB Historic placer gold mining in the Clear Creek tributary to the Sacramento River (Redding, CA) has highly impacted the hydrology and ecology of an important salmonid spawning stream. Restoration of the watershed utilized dredge tailings contaminated with mercury (Hg) introduced during gold mining, posing the possibility of persistent Hg release to the surrounding environment, including the San Francisco Bay Delta. Column experiments have been performed to evaluate the extent of Hg transport under chemical conditions potentially similar to those in river restoration projects utilizing dredge tailings such as at Clear Creek. Physicochemical perturbations, in the form of shifts in column influent ionic strength and the presence of a low molecular weight organic acid, were applied to coarse and fine sand placer tailings containing 109-194 and 69-90 ng of Hg/g, respectively. Significant concentrations of mercury, up to 16 mu g/L, leach from these sediments in dissolved and particle-associated forms. Sequential chemical extractions (SCE) of these tailings indicate that elemental Hg initially introduced during gold mining has been transformed to readily soluble species, such as mercury oxides and chlorides (3-4%), intermediately extractable phases that likely include (in)organic sorption complexes and amalgams (75-87%), and fractions of highly insoluble forms such as mercury sulfides (6-20%; e.g., cinnabar and metacinnabar). Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopic analysis of colloids obtained from column effluent identified cinnabar particles as the dominant mobile mercury-bearing phase.The fraction of intermediately extractable Hg phases also likely includes mobile colloids to which Hg is adsorbed. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Slowey, AJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM aslowey@pangea.stanford.edu NR 37 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1547 EP 1554 DI 10.1021/es049113z PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906JF UT WOS:000227636300028 PM 15819208 ER PT J AU Struckhoff, GC Burken, JG Schumacher, JG AF Struckhoff, GC Burken, JG Schumacher, JG TI Vapor-phase exchange of perchloroethene between soil and plants SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYBRID POPLAR TREES; GROUNDWATER; FATE AB Tree core concentrations of tetra chloroethylene (perchloroethene, PCE) at the Riverfront Superfund Site in New Haven, MO, were found to mimic the profile of soil phase concentrations. The observed soil-tree core relationship was stronger than that of groundwater PCE to tree core concentrations at the same site. Earlier research has shown a direct, linear relationship between tree core and groundwater concentrations of chlorinated solvents and other organics. Laboratory-scale experiments were performed to elucidate this phenomenon, including determining partitioning coefficients of PCE between plant tissues and air and between plant tissues and water, measured to be 8.1 and 49 L/kg, respectively. The direct relationship of soil to tree core PCE concentrations was hypothesized to be caused by diffusion between tree roots and the soil vapor phase in the subsurface. The central findings of this research are discovering the importance of subsurface vapor-phase transfer for VOCs and uncovering a direct relationship between soil vapor-phase chlorinated solvents and uptake rates that impact contaminant translocation from the subsurface and transfer into the atmosphere. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USGS, Div Water Resources, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Burken, JG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, 1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM burken@umr.edu RI Burken, Joel /C-2099-2016 OI Burken, Joel /0000-0002-7774-5364 NR 12 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1563 EP 1568 DI 10.1021/es049411w PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906JF UT WOS:000227636300030 PM 15819210 ER PT J AU White, AF Schulz, MS Lowenstern, JB Vivit, DV Bullen, TD AF White, AF Schulz, MS Lowenstern, JB Vivit, DV Bullen, TD TI The ubiquitous nature of accessory calcite in granitoid rocks: Implications for weathering, solute evolution, and petrogenesis SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SR ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; HIMALAYAN RIVERS; WATER CHEMISTRY; LOCH VALE; CARBONATE; RATES; KINETICS; STRONTIUM; STABILITY; COLORADO AB Calcite is frequently cited as a source of excess Ca, Sr and alkalinity in solutes discharging from silicate terrains yet, no previous effort has been made to assess systematically the overall abundance, composition and petrogenesis of accessory calcite in granitoid rocks. This study addresses this issue by analyzing a worldwide distribution of more than 100 granitoid rocks. Calcite is found to be universally present in a concentration range between 0.028 to 18.8 g kg(-1) (mean = 2.52 g kg(-1)). Calcite occurrences include small to large isolated anhedral grains, fracture and cavity infillings, and sericitized cores of plagioclase. No correlation exists between the amount of calcite present and major rock oxide compositions, including CaO. Ion rnicroprobe analyses of in situ calcite grains indicate relatively low Sr (120 to 660 ppm), negligible Rb and Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios equal to or higher than those of coexisting plagioclase. Solutes, including Ca and alkalinity produced by batch leaching of the granitoid rocks (5% CO2 in DI water for 75 d at 25 degrees C), are dominated by the dissolution of calcite relative to silicate minerals. The correlation of these parameters with higher calcite concentrations decreases as leachates approach thermodynamic saturation. In longer term column experiments (1.5 yr), reactive calcite becomes exhausted, solute Ca and Sr become controlled by feldspar dissolution and Sr-87/Sr-86 by biotite oxidation. Some accessory calcite in granitoid rocks is related to intrusion into carbonate wall rock or produced by later hydrothermal alteration. However, the ubiquitous occurrence of calcite also suggests formation during late stage (subsolidus) magmatic processes. This conclusion is supported by petrographic observations and Sr-87/Sr-86 analyses. A review of thermodynamic data indicates that at moderate pressures and reasonable CO, fugacities, calcite is a stable phase at temperatures of 400 to 700 degrees C. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Schulz, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-420, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mschulz@usgs.gov OI Schulz, Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447; Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 NR 54 TC 75 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1455 EP 1471 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.09.012 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 913CC UT WOS:000228126900007 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Kubicki, JD Reitmeyer, R Davis, JA AF Bargar, JR Kubicki, JD Reitmeyer, R Davis, JA TI ATR-FTIR spectroscopic characterization of coexisting carbonate surface complexes on hematite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID GOETHITE ALPHA-FEOOH; IRON OXYHYDROXIDE; PB(II) SORPTION; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE; OXIDE; SPECIATION; ACID; FERRIHYDRITE; BICARBONATE AB The speciation of carbonate adsorbed to hematite in air-equilibrated aqueous solutions has been studied using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Samples were measured over a range of pH conditions, at 0.1 M NaCl and at low ionic strength, and in H2O and D2O Solutions to permit a multispecies analysis of the data. Second-derivative analyses and fits to the spectra indicate the presence of two major and two minor surface-bound carbonate species. The two major complexes coexist at near-neutral pH and low ionic strength. One of these two complexes is relatively sensitive to ionic strength, being displaced at 0.1 M NaCl, whereas the other is not. Comparison of experimental to DFT/MO-calculated frequencies suggest these two major species to be (a) a monodentate binuclear inner-sphere carbonate surface complex, and (b) a fully or partially solvated carbonate (CO32-) species that is symmetry broken and appears to reside in the structured vicinal water layers at the hematite-water interface, retained by hydrogen bonding and/or other forces. Minor carbonate complexes include diffuse layer CO32- and an unidentified inner-sphere species. Both of the dominant species observed here are likely to be significant controls of the surface charge and sorptive properties of Fe-oxides. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bargar, JR (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS69, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bargar@slac.stanford.edu RI Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012 OI Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044 NR 47 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 6 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1527 EP 1542 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.08.002 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 913CC UT WOS:000228126900012 ER PT J AU Waples, JS Nagy, KL Aiken, GR Ryan, JN AF Waples, JS Nagy, KL Aiken, GR Ryan, JN TI Dissolution of cinnabar (HgS) in the presence of natural organic matter SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; MERCURIC SULFIDE; FULVIC-ACID; IRON-OXIDE; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; WATER INTERFACE; REDUCED SULFUR; ADSORPTION; GOETHITE AB Cinnabar (HgS) dissolution rates were measured in the presence of 12 different natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolates including humic, fulvic, and hydrophobic acid fractions. Initial dissolution rates varied by 1.3 orders of magnitude, from 2.31 x 10(-13) to 7.16 x 10(-12) mol Hg (mg C)(-1) m(-2) s(-1). Rates correlate positively with three DOM characteristics: specific ultraviolet absorbance (R-2 = 0.88), aromaticity (R-2 = 0.80), and molecular weight (R-2 = 0.76). Three experimental observations demonstrate that dissolution was controlled by the interaction of DOM with the cinnabar surface: (1) linear rates of Hg release with time, (2) significantly reduced rates when DOM was physically separated from the surface by dialysis membranes, and (3) rates that approached constant values at a specific ratio of DOM concentration to cinnabar surface area, suggesting a maximum surface coverage by dissolution-reactive DOM. Dissolution rates for the hydrophobic acid fractions correlate negatively with sorbed DOM concentrations, indicating the presence of a DOM component that reduced the surface area of cinnabar that can be dissolved. When two hydrophobic acid isolates that enhanced dissolution to different extents were mixed equally, a 20% reduction in rate occurred compared to the rate with the more dissolution-enhancing isolate alone. Rates in the presence of the more dissolution-enhancing isolate were reduced by as much as 60% when cinnabar was prereacted with the isolate that enhanced dissolution to a lesser extent. The data, taken together, imply that the property of DOM that enhances cinnabar dissolution is distinct from the property that causes it to sorb irreversibly to the cinnabar surface. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nagy, KL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, MC-186,845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM klnagy@uic.edu RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012 NR 55 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1575 EP 1588 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.09.029 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 913CC UT WOS:000228126900015 ER PT J AU Frost, HC Krohn, WB Bezembluk, EA Lott, R Wallace, CR AF Frost, HC Krohn, WB Bezembluk, EA Lott, R Wallace, CR TI Prenatal development in fishers (Martes pennanti) SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fisher; Martes pennanti; prenatal development; ultrasonography ID SPOTTED SKUNK; HEART-RATE; ULTRASOUND; REPRODUCTION; PREGNANCY; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; BLASTOCYST; KETAMINE; AGE AB We evaluated and quantified prenatal growth of fishers (Martes pennanti) using ultrasonography. Seven females gave birth to 21 kits. The first identifiable embryonic structures were seen 42 d prepartum; these appeared to be unimplanted blastocysts or gestational sacs, which subsequently implanted in the uterine horns. Maternal and fetal heart rates were monitored from first detection to birth. Maternal heart rates did not differ among sampling periods, while fetal hearts rates increased from first detection to birth. Head and body differentiation, visible limbs and skeletal ossification were visible by 30, 23 and 21 d prepartum, respectively. Mean diameter of gestational sacs and crown-rump lengths were linearly related to gestational age (P < 0.001). Biparietal and body diameters were also linearly related to gestational age (P < 0.001) and correctly predicted parturition dates within 1-2 d. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Timberland Anim Hosp, Orono, ME 04473 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Anim Vet & Aquat Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Frost, HC (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Natl Pk Serv, Great Basin Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, 1000 Valley Rd 186, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM bert_frost@nps.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 5 BP 1440 EP 1453 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.07.013 PG 14 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 912YE UT WOS:000228115200018 PM 15725450 ER PT J AU Anders, R Chrysikopoulos, CV AF Anders, R Chrysikopoulos, CV TI Transport parameters for bacteriophage (MS2 and PRD1) and colloidal-sized microspheres during flow through variably-saturated porous media. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA USA. EM randers@usgs.gov RI Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos/F-1783-2013 OI Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos/0000-0003-4722-8697 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 069-COLL BP U640 EP U640 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177704230 ER PT J AU Brantley, SL White, A Moore, J Navarre, A Buss, H Steefel, C Lichtner, PC Fletcher, R AF Brantley, SL White, A Moore, J Navarre, A Buss, H Steefel, C Lichtner, PC Fletcher, R TI Reaction fronts in weathering profiles: Thick versus thin. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM brantley@eesi.psu.edu RI Moore, Joel/G-7626-2011; Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Buss, Heather/M-1693-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 109-GEOC BP U900 EP U900 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706417 ER PT J AU Foster, A AF Foster, A TI X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of arsenic species in Bangladesh sediments. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM afoster@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 578-PHYS BP U791 EP U791 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066603576 ER PT J AU Harvey, RW Metge, DW Shapiro, AM Renken, RA Osborn, CL Ryan, JN Cunningham, KJ AF Harvey, RW Metge, DW Shapiro, AM Renken, RA Osborn, CL Ryan, JN Cunningham, KJ TI Use of carboxylated polystyrene microspheres to assess the transport potential of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in karstic limestone of the biscayne aquifer (Northwest Well Field, Miami, FL) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USGS, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USGS, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rwharvey@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 061-COLL BP U638 EP U638 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177704222 ER PT J AU Kvenvolden, KA AF Kvenvolden, KA TI Organic geochemistry: Its recognition as a geoscience. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kkvenvolden@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 082-GEOC BP U895 EP U895 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706390 ER PT J AU Masiello, CA Baldock, JA Randerson, JT Chadwick, OA Smernik, RJ Deco, RM Harden, JW Mack, MC AF Masiello, CA Baldock, JA Randerson, JT Chadwick, OA Smernik, RJ Deco, RM Harden, JW Mack, MC TI Natural range in oxidative ratio of environmental organic matter. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Adelaide, Waite Agr Res Inst, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM masiello@rice.edu RI Smernik, Ron/H-9905-2013; Baldock, Jeffrey/G-1362-2010 OI Baldock, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6428-8555 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 035-GEOC BP U887 EP U887 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706343 ER PT J AU Meyer, M Frey, JW Lee, EA Kuivila, K Sandstrom, M AF Meyer, M Frey, JW Lee, EA Kuivila, K Sandstrom, M TI Transport and degradation of glyphosate in a midwestern tile-drained watershed, sugar creek, Indiana. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM mmeyer@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 101-AGRO BP U84 EP U84 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700324 ER PT J AU Ritter, K Macalady, DL Aiken, GR AF Ritter, K Macalady, DL Aiken, GR TI On the existence and nature of As(V)/natural organic matter associations in aquatic systems. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO USA. EM kritter@mines.edu; dmacalad@mines.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 092-GEOC BP U896 EP U897 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706400 ER PT J AU Scribner, EA Battaglin, WA Meyer, MT AF Scribner, EA Battaglin, WA Meyer, MT TI Reconnaissance data for glyphosate, other selected herbicides, and their degradation products in 51 streams in nine Midwestern states, 2002. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Grp, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM scribner@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 056-AGRO BP U76 EP U76 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700279 ER PT J AU Scribner, EA Thurman, EM Meyer, MT AF Scribner, EA Thurman, EM Meyer, MT TI Decade of monitoring and studying the fate and transport of triazine herbicides in ground water and surface water. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Organ Chem Res Grp, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM scribner@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 052-AGRO BP U75 EP U75 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700275 ER PT J AU Winters, WJ Waite, WF Mason, DH Gilbert, LY AF Winters, WJ Waite, WF Mason, DH Gilbert, LY TI Physical properties of sediment containing methane gas hydrate. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM bwinters@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 038-PETR BP U593 EP U593 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066602504 ER PT J AU Conhaim, RL Watson, KE Heisey, DM Leverson, GE Harms, BA AF Conhaim, RL Watson, KE Heisey, DM Leverson, GE Harms, BA TI Hemorrhage disturbs inter-alveolar perfusion distribution in both normal and leukocyte-depleted rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Invest Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Madison, WI 53792 USA. USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 SU S BP A1311 EP A1311 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZS UT WOS:000227610902241 ER PT J AU Chadwick, J Perfit, M Ridley, I Kamenov, G Chadwick, W Embley, R le Roux, P Smith, M AF Chadwick, J Perfit, M Ridley, I Kamenov, G Chadwick, W Embley, R le Roux, P Smith, M TI Magmatic effects of the Cobb hot spot on the Juan de Fuca Ridge SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GALAPAGOS SPREADING CENTER; REYKJANES-RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; AXIAL VOLCANO; MANTLE PLUME; TEMPORAL EVOLUTION; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; ENDEAVOR SEGMENT; OCEANIC BASALTS AB The interaction of the Juan de Fuca Ridge with the Cobb hot spot has had a considerable influence on the magmatism of the Axial Segment of the ridge, the second order segment that overlies the hot spot. In addition to the construction of the large volcanic edifice of Axial Seamount, the Axial Segment has shallow bathymetry and a prevalence of constructional volcanic features along its 100- km length, suggesting that hot spot - derived magmas supplement and oversupply the ridge. Lavas are generally more primitive at Axial Seamount and more evolved in the Axial Segment rift zones, suggesting that fractional crystallization is enhanced with increasing distance from the hot spot because of a reduced magma supply and more rapid cooling. Although the Cobb hot spot is not an isotopically enriched plume, it produces lavas with some distinct geochemical characteristics relative to normal mid- ocean ridge basalt, such as enrichments in alkalis and highly incompatible trace elements, that can be used as tracers to identify the presence and prevalence of the hot spot influence along the ridge. These characteristics are most prominent at Axial Seamount and decline in gradients along the Axial Segment. The physical model that can best explain the geochemical observations is a scenario in which hot spot and mid- ocean ridge basalt ( MORB) magmas mix to varying degrees, with the proportions controlled by the depth to the MORB source. Modeling of two- component mixing suggests that MORB is the dominant component in most Axial Segment basalts. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, PMEL, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Chadwick, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, PMEL, 2115 SE Oregan State Univ Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM chadjohn@isu.edu OI Kamenov, George/0000-0002-6041-6687 NR 59 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 5 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B3 AR B03101 DI 10.1029/2003JB002767 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 905EY UT WOS:000227552100001 ER PT J AU Hart, SN Durbian, F Eckdahl, T AF Hart, SN Durbian, F Eckdahl, T TI Assessment of genetic variation between and within massasauga rattlesnake populations by microsatellite analysis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Missouri Western State Coll, St Joseph, MO 64507 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mound City, MO 64470 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A848 EP A848 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610706084 ER PT J AU Parsons, T AF Parsons, T TI Significance of stress transfer in time-dependent earthquake probability calculations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; 17 AUGUST 1999; IZMIT TURKEY EARTHQUAKE; MARMARA SEA REGION; TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION; SEISMIC ACTIVITY; SLIP; CALIFORNIA; AFTERSHOCKS; SPACE AB [1] A sudden change in stress is seen to modify earthquake rates, but should it also revise earthquake probability? Data used to derive input parameters permit an array of forecasts; so how large a static stress change is required to cause a statistically significant earthquake probability change? To answer that question, effects of parameter and philosophical choices are examined through all phases of sample calculations. Drawing at random from distributions of recurrence-aperiodicity pairs identifies many that recreate long paleoseismic and historic earthquake catalogs. Probability density functions built from the recurrence-aperiodicity pairs give the range of possible earthquake forecasts under a point process renewal model. Consequences of choices made in stress transfer calculations, such as different slip models, fault rake, dip, and friction are tracked. For interactions among large faults, calculated peak stress changes may be localized, with most of the receiving fault area changed less than the mean. Thus, to avoid overstating probability change on segments, stress change values should be drawn from a distribution reflecting the spatial pattern rather than using the segment mean. Disparity resulting from interaction probability methodology is also examined. For a fault with a well-understood earthquake history, a minimum stress change to stressing rate ratio of 10: 1 to 20: 1 is required to significantly skew probabilities with > 80-85% confidence. That ratio must be closer to 50: 1 to exceed 90-95% confidence levels. Thus revision to earthquake probability is achievable when a perturbing event is very close to the fault in question or the tectonic stressing rate is low. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparson@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008 NR 63 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B5 AR B05S02 DI 10.1029/2004JB003190 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 905FB UT WOS:000227552400001 ER PT J AU Schwilk, DW Ackerly, DD AF Schwilk, DW Ackerly, DD TI Is there a cost to resprouting? Seedling growth rate and drought tolerance in sprouting and nonsprouting Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE allocation; carbon storage; fire; iteroparity; nonsprouters; sprouters ID WESTERN WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SPECIES PROTEACEAE; OBLIGATE SEEDER; WOODY-PLANTS; FIRE; NICHE; SOIL; ARCTOSTAPHYLOS; RESTIONACEAE AB Many woody plant species that depend upon fire-cued seed germination lack the ability to resprout. As the ability to resprout is widely assumed to be the ancestral condition in most plant groups, the failure to sprout is an evolutionary derived trait. Models for the evolutionary loss of sprouting assume a trade-off between seedling success and vegetative resprouting ability of adults. Such models require higher seedling success rates in nonsprouters than in sprouters. On the other hand, there seem to be few a priori reasons why a strong sprouter might not also have highly competitive post-fire seedlings. To test the hypothesis that nonsprouting plants have higher growth rates and/or drought survival, we grew seedlings of Ceanothus tomentosus from sprouting and nonsprouting populations in a common garden experiment. Each of these C tomentosus populations was paired with a sympatric Ceanothus species that differed in resprouting ability. Sprouters exhibited greater allocation to root carbohydrate storage than did nonsprouters, but overall relative growth rates did not differ. Nonsprouters had earlier onset of flowering. These results provide mixed support for models of a sprouting/nonsprouting allocation trade-off. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Schwilk, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WERC, Sequoia Kings Canyon Res Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM dschwilk@usgs.gov RI Ackerly, David/A-1247-2009 OI Ackerly, David/0000-0002-1847-7398 NR 43 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 22 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 92 IS 3 BP 404 EP 410 DI 10.3732/ajb.92.3.404 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 901NF UT WOS:000227288500003 PM 21652416 ER PT J AU Naftz, DL Yahnke, J Miller, J Noyes, S AF Naftz, DL Yahnke, J Miller, J Noyes, S TI Selenium mobilization during a flood experiment in a contaminated wetland: Stewart Lake Waterfowl Management Area, Utah SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE WATER; BIOLOGICAL VOLATILIZATION; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; REMOVAL AB Constructed and natural wetlands can accumulate elevated levels of Se; however, few data are available on cost-effective methods for remobilization and removal of Se from these areas. A field experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of flooding on the removal of Se from dry surface sediments. The 83-m(2) flood-experiment plot contained 10 monitoring wells, a water-quality minimonitor (continuous measurement of pH, specific conductance, water temperature, and dissolved 02), a down-hole Br electrode, and 2 pressure transducers. Flooding was initiated on August 27, 2002, and a Br tracer was added to water delivered through a pipeline to the flood plot during the first 1.2 h. Standing water depth in the flood plot was maintained at 0.3 m through September 1, 2002. The Br tracer data indicate a dual porosity system that includes fracture (mud cracks) and matrix flow components. Mean vertical water velocities for the matrix flow component were estimated to range from 0.002 to 0.012 m/h. Dissolved (less than 0.45 mum) Se increased from pre-flood concentrations of less than 10 mug/L to greater than 800 mug/L during flooding in samples from deep (2.0 m below land surface) ground water. Selenium concentrations exceeded 5500 mug/L in samples from shallow (0.8 m below land surface) ground water. Ratios of Se to Br in water samples indicate that Se moved conservatively during the experiment and was derived from leaching of near-surface sediments. Cumulative Se flux to the deep ground water during the experiment ranged from 9.0 to 170 mg/m(2). Pre- and post-flood surface soil sampling indicated a mean Se flux of 720 mg/m(2) through the top 15 cm of soil. Ground-water samples collected 8 months after termination of the flood experiment contained Se concentrations of less than 20 mug/L. The minimonitor data indicate a rapid return to chemically reducing conditions in the deep ground water, limiting the mobility of the Se dissolved in the water pulse introduced during the flood experiment. Ratios of Se to Br in deep ground-water samples collected 8 months after the experiment confirmed the removal of Se from the aqueous phase. Based on the median Se flux rate estimated during the experiment of 0.65 mg/h/m(2) (n = 52), 7 flooding cycles would be required to meet the 4 mug/g remediation goal in surface soils from the SLWMA wetland. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Salt Lake City, UT 84138 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Provo Area Off, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Naftz, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 2329 Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM dlnaftz@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 569 EP 585 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.09.009 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 900FP UT WOS:000227201100010 ER PT J AU Tesoriero, AJ Spruill, TB Eimers, JL AF Tesoriero, AJ Spruill, TB Eimers, JL TI Geochemistry of shallow ground water in coastal plain environments in the southeastern United States: Implications for aquifer susceptibility (vol 19, pg 1471, 2004) SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. US Geol Survey, Coram, NY 11727 USA. RP Tesoriero, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM tesorier@usgs.gov; tspruill@usgs.gov; jleimers@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 669 EP 669 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.10.002 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 900FP UT WOS:000227201100017 ER PT J AU Cameron, RD Smith, WT White, RG Griffith, B AF Cameron, RD Smith, WT White, RG Griffith, B TI Central Arctic Caribou and petroleum development: Distributional, nutritional, and reproductive implications SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE behavior; body condition; calving; cumulative effects; demography; fecundity; habitat; Rangifer ID RANGIFER-TARANDUS; CALVING CARIBOU; FEMALE CARIBOU; OIL-FIELD; ALASKA; MOVEMENTS; REINDEER; PIPELINE; WEIGHT; CALVES AB We synthesize findings from cooperative research on effects of petroleum development on caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) of the Central Arctic Herd (CAH). The CAH increased from about 6000 animals in 1978 to 23 000 in 1992, declined to 18 000 by 1995, and again increased to 27 000 by 2000. Net calf production was consistent with changes in herd size. In the Kuparuk Development Area (KDA), west of Prudhoe Bay, abundance of calving caribou was less than expected within 4 km of roads and declined exponentially with road density. With increasing infrastructure, high-density calving shifted from the KDA to inland areas with lower forage biomass. During July and early August, caribou were relatively unsuccessful in crossing road/pipeline corridors in the KDA, particularly when in large, insect-harassed aggregations; and both abundance and movements of females were lower in the oil field complex at Prudhoe Bay than in other areas along the Arctic coast. Female caribou exposed to petroleum development west of the Sagavanirktok River may have consumed less forage during the calving period and experienced lower energy balance during the midsummer insect season than those under disturbance-free conditions east of the river. The probable consequences were poorer body condition at breeding and lower parturition rates for western females than for eastern females (e.g., 1988-94: 64% vs. 83% parturient, respectively; p = 0.003), which depressed the productivity of the herd. Assessments of cumulative effects of petroleum development on caribou must incorporate the complex interactions with a variable natural environment. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USGS, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Cameron, RD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffrdc@uaf.edu NR 47 TC 44 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 44 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD MAR PY 2005 VL 58 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 912NY UT WOS:000228087200001 ER PT J AU Shealer, DA Spendelow, JA Hatfield, JS Nisbet, ICT AF Shealer, DA Spendelow, JA Hatfield, JS Nisbet, ICT TI The adaptive significance of stealing in a marine bird and its relationship to parental quality SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding success; foraging behavior; kleptoparasitism; parental quality; roseate tern; Sterna dougallii ID ROSEATE TERN CHICKS; STERNA-HIRUNDO; INDIVIDUAL QUALITY; FLEDGING SUCCESS; EGG-COMPOSITION; COMMON-TERNS; EARLY GROWTH; GREAT SKUAS; KLEPTOPARASITISM; KITTIWAKE AB Kleptoparasitism (food theft) is a tactic used opportunistically by many foraging birds, but little is known about its fitness benefits. Here we show that habitual kleptoparasitism by individual parent roseate terns (Sterna dougallii) is associated with consistently superior reproductive performance relative to nonkleptoparasitic ("honest") parents, as measured by growth and survival to fledging among their offspring. In broods of two, both chicks of kleptoparasitic parents exhibited superior growth performance during the middle and later stages of the rearing period, relative to chicks of honest parents. This difference was especially pronounced in second-hatched chicks, whose survival is highly variable among years and dependent on food availability. Over a 10-year period, average productivity (number of chicks fledged per pair) was significantly higher among kleptoparasites than among honest parents, with a larger relative difference during years of food shortage. Our study indicates that kleptoparasitism in roseate terns is an important component of parental quality and provides the first evidence that food stealing is associated with enhanced fitness in a facultatively kleptoparasitic seabird. C1 Loras Coll, Dept Biol, Dubuque, IA 52004 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. ICT Nisbet & Co, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA. RP Shealer, DA (reprint author), Loras Coll, Dept Biol, 1450 Alta Vista, Dubuque, IA 52004 USA. EM david.shealer@loras.edu NR 37 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 371 EP 376 DI 10.1093/beheco/ari008 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 899EC UT WOS:000227126700007 ER PT J AU Eriksen, N Miller, LA Tougaard, J Helweg, DA AF Eriksen, N Miller, LA Tougaard, J Helweg, DA TI Cultural change in the songs of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeanglide) from Tonga SO BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE humpback whales; song change; cultural transmission ID EVOLUTION; HAWAIIAN AB Some humpback whales migrate annually from Antarctic feeding grounds to the seas around the Tongan Islands to give birth and mate. The Tongan humpbacks are considered part of Southern Hemisphere Group V that splits during migration, some swimming to Eastern Australia and others to various Polynesian Islands. During this time long complex songs are produced. The song is thought to be a male breeding display and may serve either as an intra-sexual or an inter-sexual signal or both. It is in a constant state of change that occurs every season. Since these changes are directional they cannot be described by drift, and singers incorporate changes as they occur, thus song must be shared through cultural transmission. This investigation describes the cultural changes that occurred in 158 songs recorded from Tongan humpbacks through the 1990s. The rate of change differed within years, some themes were retained for as much as five years and others were lost after only two years. The farther apart the years the less similar are the songs, as in the humpback songs of the Northern Hemisphere. The largest number of changes seems to have occurred in the early 1990s where all themes seemed to have been lost and new ones originated. What initiates these changes remains speculative, but we assess some hypotheses in relation to humpback whale behaviour and cultural transmission in avian song. C1 Univ So Denmark, Inst Biol, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark. Natl Environm Engn Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. USGS, Pacif Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Eriksen, N (reprint author), Bispebjerg Univ Hosp, Res Lab Stereol & Neurosci, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM neriksen@bi.ku.dk RI Tougaard, Jakob/G-4948-2011 OI Tougaard, Jakob/0000-0002-4422-7800 NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 20 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-7959 J9 BEHAVIOUR JI Behaviour PD MAR PY 2005 VL 142 BP 305 EP 328 DI 10.1163/1568539053778283 PN 3 PG 24 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 943MG UT WOS:000230357500003 ER PT J AU Salo, LF AF Salo, LF TI Red brome (Bromus rubens subsp madritensis) in North America: possible modes for early introductions, subsequent spread SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Review DE annual grass; plant biogeography; exotic grass; exotic plants; herbarium records; invasive plants; plant invasions ID GENETIC-VARIATION; TECTORUM POACEAE; GLOBAL CHANGE; DESERT ANNUALS; MOJAVE DESERT; CALIFORNIA; GRASSES; COMPETITION; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEM AB Although invasions by exotic plants have increased dramatically as human travel and commerce have increased, few have been comprehensively described. Understanding the patterns of invasive species spread over space and time will help guide management activities and policy. Tracing the earliest appearances of an exotic plant reveals likely sites of introduction, paving the way for genetic studies to quantify founder events and identify potential source populations. Red brome (Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens) is a Mediterranean winter annual grass that has invaded even relatively undisturbed areas of western North America, where it threatens native plant communities. This study used herbarium records and contemporary published accounts to trace the early introductions and subsequent spread of red brome in western North America. The results challenge the most frequently cited sources describing the early history of this grass and suggest three possible modes for early introductions: the California Gold Rush and Central Valley wheat, southern California shipping, and northern California sheep. Subsequent periods of most rapid spread into new areas, from 1930 to 1942, and of greatest spread into new regions, during the past 50 years, coincide with 'warm' Pacific Decadal Oscillation regimes, which are linked to increased winter precipitation in the southwestern USA and northern Mexico. Global environmental change, including increased atmospheric CO(2) levels and N deposition, may be contributing to the success of red brome, relative to native species. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Salo, LF (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM csalo@usgs.gov NR 155 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2005 VL 7 IS 2 BP 165 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s10530-004-8979-4 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910UN UT WOS:000227957800003 ER PT J AU Funk, WC Greene, AE Corn, PS Allendorf, FW AF Funk, WC Greene, AE Corn, PS Allendorf, FW TI High dispersal in a frog species suggests that it is vulnerable to habitat fragmentation SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dispersal; amphibian declines; habitat fragmentation; gene flow; rescue effect; Rana luteiventris ID AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; MARKED ANIMALS; POPULATIONS; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; SURVIVAL; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; RATES AB Global losses of amphibian populations are a major conservation concern and their causes have generated substantial debate. Habitat fragmentation is considered one important cause of amphibian decline. However, if fragmentation is to be invoked as a mechanism of amphibian decline, it must first be established that dispersal is prevalent among contiguous amphibian populations using formal movement estimators. In contrast, if dispersal is naturally low in amphibians, fragmentation can be disregarded as a cause of amphibian declines and conservation efforts can be focused elsewhere. We examined dispersal rates in Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) using capture-recapture analysis of over 10 000 frogs in combination with genetic analysis of microsatellite loci in replicate basins. We found that frogs had exceptionally high juvenile dispersal rates (up to 62% annually) over long distances (> 5 km), large elevation gains (> 750 m) and steep inclines (36 degrees incline over 2 km) that were corroborated by genetic data showing high gene flow. These findings show that dispersal is an important life-history feature of some amphibians and suggest that habitat fragmentation is a serious threat to amphibian persistence. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Funk, WC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM wcfunk@mail.utexas.edu RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 24 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETT-UK JI Biol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 1 IS 1 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0270 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 968BF UT WOS:000232135300004 PM 17148116 ER PT J AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Modeling association among demographic parameters in analysis of open population capture-recapture data SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical analysis; capture-recapture; demographic analysis; Jolly-Seber model; open population estimation ID ESTIMATING ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; RING-RECOVERY DATA; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; MARKED ANIMALS; CLOSED POPULATION; SURVIVAL; SIZE AB We present a hierarchical extension of the Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model for open population capture-recapture data. In addition to recaptures of marked animals, we model first captures of animals and losses on capture. The parameter set includes capture probabilities, survival rates, and birth rates. The survival rates and birth rates are treated as a random sample from a bivariate distribution, thus the model explicitly incorporates correlation in these demographic rates. A key feature of the model is that the likelihood function, which includes a CJS model factor, is expressed entirely in terms of identifiable parameters: losses on capture can be factored out of the model. Since the computational complexity of classical likelihood methods is prohibitive, we use Markov chain Monte Carlo in a Bayesian analysis. We describe all efficient candidate-generation scheme for Metropolis-Hastings sampling of CJS models and extensions. The procedure is illustrated using mark-recapture data for the moth Gonodontis bidentata. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM william_link@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD MAR PY 2005 VL 61 IS 1 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2005.030906.x PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 905NX UT WOS:000227576600006 PM 15737077 ER PT J AU Schlaepfer, MA Hoover, C Dodd, CK AF Schlaepfer, MA Hoover, C Dodd, CK TI Challenges in evaluating the impact of the trade in amphibians and reptiles on wild populations SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE trade; harvest; sustainability; amphibians; reptiles ID CONSERVATION; CHAMELEONS; DECLINES; SNAKE AB Amphibians and reptiles are taken from the wild and sold commercially as food, pets, and traditional medicines. The overcollecting of some species highlights the need to assess the trade and ensure that it is not contributing to declines in wild populations. Unlike most countries, the United States tracks the imports and exports of all amphibians and reptiles. Records from 1998 to 2002 reveal a US trade of several million wild-caught amphibians and reptiles each year, although many shipments are not recorded at the species level. The magnitude and content of the global commercial trade carries even greater unknowns. The absence of accurate trade and biological information for most species makes it difficult to establish whether current take levels are sustainable. The void of information also implies that population declines due to overcollecting could be going undetected. Policy changes to acquire baseline biological information and ensure a sustainable trade are urgently needed. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Field Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. TRAFFIC N Amer, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Schlaepfer, MA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn C0930,Patterson Hall, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM mas50@mail.utexas.edu NR 32 TC 89 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAR PY 2005 VL 55 IS 3 BP 256 EP 264 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0256:CIETIO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 905NC UT WOS:000227574400010 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Doyle, TW Twilley, RR Smith, TJ Whelan, KRT Sullivan, JK AF Krauss, KW Doyle, TW Twilley, RR Smith, TJ Whelan, KRT Sullivan, JK TI Woody debris in the mangrove forests of South Florida SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Avicennia germinans; disturbance; downed wood; Everglades National Park; Hurricane Andrew; Laguncularia racemosa; necromass; Rhizophora mangle; Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge ID HURRICANE-ANDREW; DEAD WOOD; ECOSYSTEMS; IMPACTS; OREGON; REGION AB yWoody debris is abundant in hurricane-impacted forests. With a major hurricane affecting South Florida mangroves approximately every 20 yr, carbon storage and nutrient retention may be influenced greatly by woody debris dynamics. In addition, woody debris can influence seedling regeneration in mangrove swamps by trapping propagules and enhancing seedling growth potential. Here, we report on line-intercept wood), debris surveys conducted in mangrove wetlands of South Florida 9-10 yr after the passage of Hurricane Andrew. The total volume of woody debris for all sites combined was estimated at 67 m(3)/ha and varied from 13 to 181 m3/ha depending upon differences in forest height, proximity to the storm, and maximum estimated wind velocities. Large volumes of woody debris were found in the eyewall region of the hurricane, with a volume of 132 m3/ha and a projected woody debris biomass of approximately 36 t/ha. Approximately half of the woody debris biomass averaged across all sites was associated as small twigs and branches (fine woody debris), since coarse woody debris > 7.5 cut felled during Hurricane Andrew was fairly well decomposed. Much of the small debris is likely to be associated with post-hurricane forest dynamics. Hurricanes are responsible for large amounts of damage to mangrove ecosystems, and components of associated downed wood may provide a relative index of disturbance for mangrove forests. Here, we suggest that a fine:coarse woody debris ratio < 0.5 is suggestive of a recent disturbance in mangrove wetlands, although additional research is needed to corroborate such findings. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Environm Technol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Florida Int Univ, US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Biol Sci Dept, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Johnson Controls World Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903HS UT WOS:000227417200002 ER PT J AU Saracco, JF Collazo, JA Groom, MJ Carlo, TA AF Saracco, JF Collazo, JA Groom, MJ Carlo, TA TI Crop size and fruit neighborhood effects on bird visitation to fruiting Schefflera morototoni trees in Puerto Rico SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE frugivory; plant-animal interactions; seed dispersal; Spindalis portoricensis; shade coffee plantation; tropical forest ID SEED DISPERSAL; COMPLEMENTARY RESOURCES; FRUGIVOROUS BIRDS; AVIAN FRUGIVORES; TROPICAL TREES; REMOVAL RATES; EATING BIRDS; COMPETITION; FOREST AB Studies of zoochorous seed dispersal systems often consider crop size, yet seldom consider the kinds and amounts of fruits surrounding parent plants (the fruit neighborhood) when attempting to explain among-plant variation in fruit removal. We studied avian frugivory at 24 Schefflera morototoni trees from February to May 1998 in central Puerto Rico. The number of fruits removed by avian seed dispersers per visit was similar among focal trees (typically 2-4). In contrast, visitation rate was highly variable (range: 0-71 visits per 4 h). We used multiple regression analyses to evaluate the relative roles of crop size (focal tree ripe fruit abundance) and fruit neighborhood variables (measured within 30 in of focal trees) in affecting visitation to focal trees by avian frugivores. Visitation rate was positively related to crop size (although this variable was only significant in one of four regression models considered) and negatively related to the presence or abundance of conspecific fruits, suggesting that trees competed intraspecifically for dispersers. Relationships between visitation and heterospecific fruits were mixed-some kinds of fruits appeared to enhance visitation to focal trees, while others seemed to reduce visitation. In most regression models, neighborhood variables had larger effects on visitation than focal tree fruit crop size. Our results highlight the important effects of local fruiting environments on the ability of individual plants to attract seed dispersers. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Saracco, JF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jfsaracc@gustavus.ak.us NR 54 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903HS UT WOS:000227417200010 ER PT J AU Wagner, RS Miller, MP Crisafulli, CM Haig, SM AF Wagner, RS Miller, MP Crisafulli, CM Haig, SM TI Geographic variation, genetic structure, and conservation unit designation in the Larch Mountain salamander (Plethodon larselli) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CLAPPER RAIL; RAPD MARKERS; DNA; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AB The Larch Mountain salamander (Plethodon larselli Burns, 1954) is an endemic species in the Pacific northwestern United States facing threats related to habitat destruction. To facilitate development of conservation strategies, we used DNA sequences and RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNA) to examine differences among populations of this species. Phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome b revealed a clade of haplotypes from populations north of the Columbia River derived from a clade containing haplotypes from the river's southwestern region. Haplotypes from southeastern populations formed a separate clade. Nucleotide diversity was reduced in northern populations relative to southern populations. These results were corroborated by analyses of RAPD loci, which revealed similar patterns of clustering and diversity. Network analyses suggested that northern populations were colonized following a range expansion mediated by individuals from populations located southwest of the river. Changes in the Columbia River's location during the Pliocene and Pleistocene likely released distributional constraints on this species, permitting their northern range expansion. Based on the barrier presented by the Columbia River's present location and differences in haplotype diversity and population structure observed between northern and southern populations, we suggest that designation of separate management units encompassing each region may assist with mitigating different threats to this species. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Genet Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Amboy, WA 98601 USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Mark.Miller@usu.edu RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011 NR 87 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 83 IS 3 BP 396 EP 406 DI 10.1139/Z05-033 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930JW UT WOS:000229413100003 ER PT J AU Mazerolle, MJ Desrochers, A AF Mazerolle, MJ Desrochers, A TI Landscape resistance to frog movements SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID EXPLICIT POPULATION-MODELS; WHITE-FOOTED MICE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT; FOREST BIRDS; RANA-PIPIENS; CLEAR-CUT; AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS AB An animal's capacity to recolonize a patch depends on at least two components: its ability to detect the patch and its ability to reach it. However, the disruption of such processes by anthropic disturbances could explain low animal abundance patterns observed by many investigators in certain landscapes. Through field experiments, we compared the orientation and homing success of northern green frogs (Rana clamitans melanota Rafinesque, 1820) and northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens Schreber, 1782) translocated across disturbed or undisturbed surfaces. We also monitored the path selected by individuals when presented with a choice between a short distance over a disturbed surface and a longer, undisturbed route. Finally, we measured the water loss and behaviour of frogs on substrates resulting from anthropogenic disturbances and a control. When presented with a choice, 72% of the frogs avoided disturbed surfaces. Although able to orient towards the pond of capture when translocated on disturbed surfaces, frogs had a lower probability of homing successfully to the pond than when translocated at a similar distance on an undisturbed surface. Frogs lost the most water on substrates associated with disturbance and in the absence of cover. Our data illustrate that anthropically disturbed areas devoid of cover, such as mined peatlands and agricultural fields, disrupt the ability of frogs to reach habitat patches and are likely explanations to their reduced abundance patterns in such environments. C1 Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Biol Forestiere, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Mazerolle, MJ (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mmazerolle@usgs.gov RI Desrochers, Andre/B-6248-2008; OI Desrochers, Andre/0000-0002-5676-964X; Mazerolle, Marc/0000-0002-0486-0310 NR 87 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 35 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 83 IS 3 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1139/Z05-032 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930JW UT WOS:000229413100008 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Haig, SM Wagner, RS AF Miller, MP Haig, SM Wagner, RS TI Conflicting patterns of genetic structure produced by nuclear and mitochondrial markers in the Oregon slender salamander (Batrachoseps wrighti): Implications for conservation efforts and species management SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Batrachoseps wrighti; conservation genetics; forest management; Oregon slender salamander; population structure ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; DIFFERENTIATION; UNITS; FLOW; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; SYSTEMATICS AB Endemic to Oregon in the northwestern US, the Oregon slender salamander (Batrachoseps wrighti) is a terrestrial plethodontid found associated with late successional mesic forests. Consequently, forest management practices such as timber harvesting may impact their persistence. Therefore, to infer possible future effects of these practices on population structure and differentiation, we used mitochondrial DNA sequences (cytochrome b) and RAPD markers to analyze 22 populations across their range. Phylogenetic analyses of sequence data (774 bp) revealed two historical lineages corresponding to northern and southern-distributed populations. Relationships among haplotypes and haplotype diversity within lineages suggested that the northern region may have more recently been colonized compared to the southern region. In contrast to the mitochondrial data, analyses of 46 RAPD loci suggested an overall pattern of isolation-by-distance in the set of populations examined and no particularly strong clustering of populations based on genetic distances. We propose two non-exclusive hypotheses to account for discrepancies between mitochondrial and nuclear data sets. First, our data may reflect an overall ancestral pattern of isolation-by-distance that has subsequently been influenced by vicariance. Alternately, our analyses may suggest that male-mediated gene flow and female philopatry are important contributors to the pattern of genetic diversity. We discuss the importance of distinguishing between these two hypotheses for the purposes of identifying conservation units and note that, regardless of the relative contribution of each mechanism towards the observed pattern of diversity, protection of habitat will likely prove critical for the long-term persistence of this species. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Genet Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Cent Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Mark.Miller@usu.edu RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011 NR 78 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 6 IS 2 BP 275 EP 287 DI 10.1007/s10592-004-7850-6 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 924SI UT WOS:000229000200010 ER PT J AU Storlazzi, CD Brown, EK Field, ME Rodgers, K Jokiel, PL AF Storlazzi, CD Brown, EK Field, ME Rodgers, K Jokiel, PL TI A model for wave control on coral breakage and species distribution in the Hawaiian Islands SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian Islands; Montipora; Pocillopora; Porites; wave forces ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; FLOW; ARCHITECTURE; HURRICANES AB The fringing reef off southern Molokai, Hawaii, is currently being studied as part of a multi-disciplinary project led by the US Geological Survey. As part of this study, modeling and field observations were utilized to help understand the physical controls on reef morphology and the distribution of different coral species. A model was developed that calculates wave-induced hydrodynamic forces on corals of a specific form and mechanical strength. From these calculations, the wave conditions under which specific species of corals would either be stable or would break due to the imposed wave-induced forces were determined. By combining this hydrodynamic force-balance model with various wave model output for different oceanographic conditions experienced in the study area, we were able to map the locations where specific coral species should be stable (not subject to frequent breakage) in the study area. The combined model output was then compared with data on coral species distribution and coral cover at 12 sites along Molokai's south shore. Observations and modeling suggest that the transition from one coral species to another may occur when the ratio of the coral colony's mechanical strengths to the applied (wave-induced) forces may be as great as 5:1, and not less than 1:1 when corals would break. This implies that coral colony's mechanical strength and wave-induced forces may be important in defining gross coral community structure over large (orders of 10's of meters) spatial scales. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Storlazzi, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM cstorlazzi@usgs.gov OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 NR 46 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s00338-004-0430-x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 907UB UT WOS:000227742400007 ER PT J AU Bern, CR Townsend, AR Farmer, GL AF Bern, CR Townsend, AR Farmer, GL TI Unexpected dominance of parent-material strontium in a tropical forest on highly weathered soils SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric nutrients; calcium; cations; Costa Rica; isotopes; nutrient sources; parent inaterial; strontium; tropical forest ID ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; CHANGING SOURCES; VOLCANIC SOILS; RAIN-FOREST; COSTA-RICA; DUST; PROVENANCE; NUTRIENTS; ISLANDS; CATIONS AB Controls over nutrient supply are key to understanding the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Conceptual models once held that in situ mineral weathering was the primary long-term control over the availability of many plant nutrients, including the base cations calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K). Recent evidence has shown that atmospheric sources of these "rock-derived" nutrients can dominate actively cycling ecosystem pools, especially in systems on highly weathered soils. Such studies have relied heavily on the use of strontium isotopes as a proxy for base-cation cycling. Here we show that vegetation and soil-exchangeable pools of strontium in a tropical rainforest on highly weathered soils are still dominated by local rock sources. This pattern exists despite substantial atmospheric inputs of Sr, Ca. K, and M.g, and despite nearly 100% depletion of these elements from the top 1 m of soil. We present a model demonstrating that modest weathering inputs, resulting from tectonically driven erosion, could maintain parent-material dominance of actively cycling Sr. The majority of tropical forests are oil highly weathered soils but our results suggest that these forests may still show considerable variation in their primary sources of essential nutrients. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Res Environm Sci, Dept Geol Sci & Cooperat, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bern, CR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cbern@usgs.gov OI Bern, Carleton/0000-0002-8980-1781 NR 27 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 BP 626 EP 632 DI 10.1890/03-0766 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906RJ UT WOS:000227659700012 ER PT J AU Cade, BS Noon, BR Flather, CH AF Cade, BS Noon, BR Flather, CH TI Quantile regression reveals hidden bias and uncertainty in habitat models SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bivalves; habitat; hidden bias; limiting factors; quantile regression; rank score tests; spatial trend ID DIVERSITY; SELECTION; PATTERNS; SPLINES; ECOLOGY; SAMPLES AB We simulated the effects of missing information on statistical distributions of animal response that covaried with measured predictors of habitat to evaluate the utility and performance of quantile regression for providing more useful intervals of uncertainty in habitat relationships. These procedures were evaulated for conditions in which heterogeneity and hidden bias were induced by confounding with missing variables associated with other improtant processes, a problem common in statistical modeling of ecological phenomena. Simulations for a large (N = 10000) finite population representing grid locations on a landscape demonstrated various forms of hidden bias that might occur when the effect of a measured habitat variable on some animal was confounded with the effect of another unmeasured variable. Quantile (0 <= tau <= 1) regression parameters for linear models that excluded the important, unmeasured variable revealed bias relative to parameters from the generating model. Depending on whether interactions of the measured and unmeasured variables were negative (interference interactions) or positive (facilitation interactions) in simulations without spatial structuring. either upper (tau > 0.5) or lower (tau < 0.5) quantile regression parameters were less biased than mean rate parameters. Heterogeneous, nonlinear response patterns Occurred with correlations between the measured and unmeasured variables. When the unmeasured variable was spatially structured. variation in parameters across quantiles associated with heterogeneous effects of the habitat variable was reduced by modeling the spatial trend surface as a cubic polynomial of location coordinates, but substantial hidden bias remained. Sampling (n = 20-300) simulations demonstrated that regression quantile estimates and confidence intervals constructed by invertin-weighted rank score tests provided valid coverage of these parameters. Local forms of quantile weighting were required for obtaining correct Type I error rates and confidence interval coverage. Quantile regression was used to estimate effects of physical habitat resources on a bivalve (Macomona liliana) in the spatially structured landscape on a sandflat in a New Zealand harbor. Confidence intervals around predicted 0.10 and 0.90 quantiles were used to estimate sampling intervals containing 80% of the variation in densities in relation to bed elevation. Spatially structured variation in bivalve counts estimated by a cubic polynomial trend surface remained after accounting for the nonlinear effects of bed elevation, indicating the existence of important spatially structured processes that were not adequately represented by the measured habitat variables. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Cade, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM brian_cade@usgs.gov RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 45 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 30 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 BP 786 EP 800 DI 10.1890/04-0785 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906RJ UT WOS:000227659700027 ER PT J AU Schlaepfer, MA Sherman, PW Blossey, B Runge, MC AF Schlaepfer, MA Sherman, PW Blossey, B Runge, MC TI Introduced species as evolutionary traps SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE conservation; contemporary evolution; ecological trap; exotic; invasive; management ID RED-LEGGED FROGS; POPULATION BIOLOGY; AUSTRALIAN SNAKES; SOAPBERRY BUG; CANE TOADS; MANAGEMENT; BULLFROGS; PREDATORS; ECOLOGY; IMPACT AB Invasive species can alter environments in such a way that normal behavioural decision-making rules of native species are no longer adaptive. The evolutionary trap concept provides a useful framework for predicting and managing the impact of harmful invasive species. We discuss how native species can respond to changes in their selective regime via evolution or learning. We also propose novel management strategies to promote the long-term co-existence of native and introduced species in cases where the eradication of the latter is either economically or biologically unrealistic. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Schlaepfer, MA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM mas50@mail.utexas.edu RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X NR 55 TC 128 Z9 135 U1 13 U2 123 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 BP 241 EP 246 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00730.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 900YE UT WOS:000227249400001 ER PT J AU Schwilk, DW Ackerly, DD AF Schwilk, DW Ackerly, DD TI Limiting similarity and functional diversity along environmental gradients SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate; community assembly; diversity; gradients; limiting similarity; neutral theory; stochasticity ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; NEUTRAL THEORY; COMPETITION; COEXISTENCE; ABUNDANCE; BIODIVERSITY; MAINTENANCE; MODELS; PLANTS; NICHE AB Recent developments in community models emphasize the importance of incorporating stochastic processes (e.g. ecological drift) in models of niche-structured community assembly. We constructed a finite, spatially explicit, lottery model to simulate the distribution of species in a one-dimensional landscape with an underlying gradient in environmental conditions. Our framework combines the potential for ecological drift with environmentally-mediated competition for space in a heterogeneous environment. We examined the influence of niche breadth, dispersal distances, community size (total number of individuals) and the breadth of the environmental gradient on levels of species and functional trait diversity (i.e. differences in niche optima). Three novel results emerge from this model: (1) niche differences between adjacent species (e.g. limiting similarity) increase in smaller communities, because of the interaction of competitive effects and finite population sizes; (2) immigration from a regional species pool, stochasticity and niche-assembly generate a bimodal distribution of species residence times ('transient' and 'resident') under a heterogeneous environment; and (3) the magnitude of environmental heterogeneity has a U-shaped effect on diversity, because of shifts in species richness of resident vs. transient species. These predictions illustrate the potential importance of stochastic (although not necessarily neutral) processes in community assembly. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, BRD WERC, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Ackerly, DD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dschwilk@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 11 U2 53 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 BP 272 EP 281 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00720.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 900YE UT WOS:000227249400005 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Rahel, FJ Hubert, WA AF Quist, MC Rahel, FJ Hubert, WA TI Hierarchical faunal filters: an approach to assessing effects of habitat and nonnative species on native fishes SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE hierarchical faunal filter; Great Plains; habitat; nonnative species; information theoretic method ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; HYPOTHESIS; PREDATION; ELEVATION; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL AB Understanding factors related to the occurrence of species across multiple spatial and temporal scales is critical to the conservation and management of native fishes, especially for those species at the edge of their natural distribution. We used the concept of hierarchical faunal filters to provide a framework for investigating the influence of habitat characteristics and nonnative piscivores on the occurrence of 10 native fishes in streams of the North Platte River watershed in Wyoming. Three faunal filters were developed for each species: (i) large-scale biogeographic, (ii) local abiotic, and (iii) biotic. The large-scale biogeographic filter, composed of elevation and stream-size thresholds, was used to determine the boundaries within which each species might be expected to occur. Then, a local abiotic filter (i.e., habitat associations), developed using binary logistic-regression analysis, estimated the probability of occurrence of each species from features such as maximum depth, substrate composition, submergent aquatic vegetation, woody debris, and channel morphology (e.g., amount of pool habitat). Lastly, a biotic faunal filter was developed using binary logistic regression to estimate the probability of occurrence of each species relative to the abundance of nonnative piscivores in a reach. Conceptualising fish assemblages within a framework of hierarchical faunal filters is simple and logical, helps direct conservation and management activities, and provides important information on the ecology of fishes in the western Great Plains of North America. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM mcquist@uwyo.edu NR 79 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 24 EP 39 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2004.00073.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 895IT UT WOS:000226855100003 ER PT J AU Groves, DI Condie, KC Goldfarb, RJ Hronsky, JMA Vielreicher, RM AF Groves, DI Condie, KC Goldfarb, RJ Hronsky, JMA Vielreicher, RM TI 100th Anniversary Special Paper: Secular changes in global tectonic processes and their influence on the temporal distribution of gold-bearing mineral deposits SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS; EPISODIC CONTINENTAL GROWTH; PORPHYRY COPPER-DEPOSITS; BANDED IRON-FORMATION; ARCHEAN MANTLE PLUME; RE-OS ISOTOPES; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; PLATE-TECTONICS; WITWATERSRAND BASIN; OROGENIC GOLD AB Mineral deposit types commonly have a distinctive temporal distribution with peaks at specific periods of Earth history. Deposits of less redox-sensitive metals, such as gold, show long-term temporal patterns that relate to first-order changes in an evolving Earth, as a result of progressively declining heat production and attendant changes in global tectonic processes. Despite abundant evidence for plate tectonics in the early Pre-cambrian, it is evident that plume events were more abundant in a hotter Earth. Episodic growth of juvenile continental crust appears to have been related to short-lived (< 100 m.y.) catastrophic mantle-plume events and formation of supercontinents, whereas shielding mantle-plume events correlated with their break-up. Different mineral deposit types are associated with this cycle of supercontinent formation and breakup. Broadly synchronous with juvenile continental crust formation was the development of subcontinental lithospheric mantle, which evolved due to progressively declining heat flow and decreasing plume activity. Archean subcontinental lithospheric mantle has a distinct mineralogical composition and is buoyant, whereas later lithosphere was progressively more dense. Changes in the buoyancy of both oceanic lithosphere and subcontinental lithospheric mantle led to evolution of tectonic scenarios in which buoyant, roughly equidimensional, early Precambrian cratons were rimmed by Proterozoic or Phanerozoic linear elongate belts of neutral to negative buoyancy. Orogenic gold deposits, which formed over at least 3.4 b.y, had the highest preservation potential of any gold deposit type. The pattern of formation and preservation, from episodic to more cyclic, broadly mirrors that of crustal growth. Early Precambrian (mostly ca. 2.7 and 2.0-1.8 Ga) deposits, protected from uplift and erosion in the centers of buoyant cratons, are rare between ca. 1.7 Ga and 600 Ma due to the change to more modern-style plate tectonic processes, with nonpreservation of deposits of this age due to uplift and erosion of more vulnerable orogenic belts. Volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits were accreted into the convergent margin terranes in which orogenic gold deposits were forming. Their temporal distribution, from strongly episodic to more cyclic peaks, also supports a model of selective preservation. The first appearance of iron-oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits at similar to 2.55 Ga closely follows development of early Precambrian subcontinental lithosphere mantle. Their genesis involved melting of metasomatized subcontinental lithosphere mantle, so they could not form until such metasomatized mantle evolved below cratons with buoyant lithosphere. Giant Precambrian paleoplacer gold deposits probably formed by effective fluvial sorting under extreme climatic conditions but were largely preserved due to early buoyant subcontinental lithospheric mantle below hosting foreland basins. Unequivocal intrusion-related gold deposits are related to complex felsic intrusions with a mixed mantle-crustal signature, which intruded deformed shelf sedimentary sequences close to but outside craton margins. Given that post-Paleoproterozoic uplift and erosion is likely in vulnerable orogenic belts with negatively buoyant lithosphere, this deposit type is likely to be rare in Paleozoic and older terranes. Gold-bearing deposit types thus display distinctive temporal distributions related to change from a more buoyant plate tectonic style in the early hotter Earth to a modern plate tectonic style typical of the Phanerozoic. Late Archean formation of buoyant subcontinental lithospheric mantle was particularly important in the anomalous preservation of some earlier formed deposit types located inboard of craton margins and in providing critical conditions for the formation of others. Development of negatively buoyant subcontinental lithospheric mantle can explain the lack of preservation of some deposit types that formed in the later Proterozoic. A single fundamental concept of coupled episodic crustal growth and preservation in the Archean and Paleoproterozoic, evolving to decoupled episodes of growth and preservation from the Mesoproterozoic onward, can thus explain the temporal distribution of a number of gold-bearing mineral deposit types. C1 Univ Western Australia, Ctr Global Metallogeny, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. WMC Resources Ltd, Belmont, WA 6104, Australia. RP Groves, DI (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Ctr Global Metallogeny, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM dgroves@segs.uwa.edu.au NR 180 TC 149 Z9 162 U1 2 U2 56 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 100 IS 2 BP 203 EP 224 DI 10.2113/100.2.203 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 926CS UT WOS:000229101000002 ER PT J AU Ayuso, RA Wooden, JL Foley, NK Seal, RR Sinha, AK AF Ayuso, RA Wooden, JL Foley, NK Seal, RR Sinha, AK TI U-Pb zircon ages and pb isotope geochemistry of gold deposits in the Carolina Slate Belt of South Carolina SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ISOTOPE; WHOLE-ROCK; TERRANE; MINERALIZATION; MINE; CONSTRAINTS; PIEDMONT; HISTORY; CANADA; ARC AB Volcanic rocks of the Persimmon Fork Formation host the largest known gold mines of the Carolina slate belt. U-Pb (SHRIMP) zircon ages have been obtained from rocks closely associated with pyrite-enargite-gold deposits at Brewer (quartz-topaz rhyolite breccia from the argillic alteration zone in the Brewer pit and felsic ash-flow tuff from the quartz sericite alteration zone), from the disseminated and semimassive pyrite-gold deposits at Haile (crystal lithic rhyolitic ash-flow tuffs from the Champion pit), and from the Ridgeway deposit (felsic ash-flow tuff from the stratigraphic host of the North pit gold deposit). Generall the zircons are fine grained, fractured, and contain crystal imperfections (corrosion, inclusions, and pits). (206)Pb/(238)U zircon spot ages for all deposits span a wide range, mostly from 400 to 760 Ma. Inclusions and cores indicative of inherited domains in the zircons were not found, and only a few analyses range from 1.1 to 1.8 Ga. A distinct xenocrystic zircon population was not identified. The (206)Pb/(238)U weighted age averages of zircon indicate the following crystallization dates for the volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks closely associated with the gold deposits: 550 3 Ma for Brewer, 553 2 Ma for Haile, and 556 2 Ma for the Ridgeway deposit. These zircon crystallization ages represent close estimates of the age of the original gold mineralizing events. Younger zircon spot ages can be attributed to the effects of Paleozoic regional metamorphism. Pb isotope compositions of sulfide minerals (galena, pyrite, enargite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and molybdenite) and silicate minerals (K-feldspar, and sericite) in the gold deposits help to constrain the sources of fluids and metals during the mineralizing events. The deposits are pyrite rich, containing multiple generations of pyrite, including early-crystallized pyrite that is closely associated with the original gold mineralizing event, as well as recrystallized pyrite formed in response to Paleozoic metamorphism. Pb isotope compositions of pyrite span a wide range, including the most radiogenic values for the sulfides. Galena and K-feldspar are not abundant but where present they are typically the least radiogenic minerals. Galena has a limited range of Pb isotope compositions that are representative of the gold deposits as a group ((206)Pb/(204)Pb = 18.020-18.326, (207)Pb/(204)Pb = 15.550-15.639, (208)Pb/(204)Pb = 37.605-38.286). Values of (208)Pb/(204)Pb straddle the average crustal Pb growth curve, consistent with contributions involving the mantle and continental crust. Whole-rock Pb isotope compositions of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Persimmon Fork Formation nearly match the range for sulfides in the gold deposits. Subtle regional contrasts in Pb isotope compositions exist among the deposits. Sulfide minerals from Barite Hill (e.g., galena (206)Pb/(204)Pb < 18.077) in southern South Carolina are generally less radiogenic than sulfides from Ridgeway ((206)Pb/(204)Pb > 18.169), Haile ((206)Pb/(204)Pb > 18.233), and Brewer ((206)Pb/(204)Pb > 18.311) in northern South Carolina. Because Pb isotope compositions of basement rocks from Grenville massifs in the southern Appalachians and sulfide minerals from the gold deposits do not match, a direct genetic connection cannot be established. Diversity in values of 206Pb/204Pb and the relatively high values of (207)Pb/(204)Pb suggest that the deposits evolved adjacent to or closely related to continental blocks, perhaps linked to a back-arc tectonic setting. Among potential younger analogues of the slate belt gold deposits are the sulfide deposits of the Okinawa trough in the western Pacific. Mantle-derived isotopic contributions were more important at Barite Hill in southern South Carolina, the least radiogenic among the deposits where oceanic crust had developed, than at Brewer, Haile, and Ridgeway in northern South Carolina where rifting thinned the continental crust. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. Stanford Univ, US Geol Survey, Micro Isotop Analyt Ctr, SUMAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24010 USA. RP Ayuso, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA USA. EM rayuso@usgs.gov NR 86 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 100 IS 2 BP 225 EP 252 DI 10.2113/100.2.225 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 926CS UT WOS:000229101000003 ER PT J AU Miller, EK Vanarsdale, A Keeler, GJ Chalmers, A Poissant, L Kamman, NC Brulotte, R AF Miller, EK Vanarsdale, A Keeler, GJ Chalmers, A Poissant, L Kamman, NC Brulotte, R TI Estimation and mapping of wet and dry mercury deposition across northeastern North America SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mercury; Hg; GEM; RGM; atmospheric deposition; North America ID TOTAL GASEOUS MERCURY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; WHITEFACE-MOUNTAIN; COMPENSATION POINT; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; TRACE-ELEMENTS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; CLOUD-WATER AB Whereas many ecosystem characteristics and processes influence mercury accumulation in higher trophic-level organisms, the mercury flux from the atmosphere to a lake and its watershed is a likely factor in potential risk to biota. Atmospheric deposition clearly affects mercury accumulation in soils and lake sediments. Thus, knowledge of spatial patterns in atmospheric deposition may provide information for assessing the relative risk for ecosystems to exhibit excessive biotic mercury contamination. Atmospheric mercury concentrations in aerosol, vapor, and liquid phases from four observation networks were used to estimate regional surface concentration fields. Statistical models were developed to relate sparsely measured mercury vapor and aerosol concentrations to the more commonly measured mercury concentration in precipitation. High spatial resolution deposition velocities for different phases (precipitation, cloud droplets, aerosols, and reactive gaseous mercury (RGM)) were computed using inferential models. An empirical model was developed to estimate gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) deposition. Spatial patterns of estimated total mercury deposition were complex. Generally, deposition was higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast. Elevation, land cover, and proximity to urban areas modified the general pattern. The estimated net GEM and RGM fluxes were each greater than or equal to wet deposition in many areas. Mercury assimilation by plant foliage may provide a substantial input of methyl-mercury(MeHg) to ecosystems. C1 Ecosyst Res Grp Ltd, Norwich, VT 05055 USA. US EPA, N Chelmsford, MA USA. Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Vermont Agcy Nat Resources, Dept Environm Conservat, Water Qual Div, Waterbury, VT USA. Minist Environm Quebec, Ste Foy, PQ, Canada. RP Miller, EK (reprint author), Ecosyst Res Grp Ltd, POB 1227, Norwich, VT 05055 USA. EM ekmiller@ecosystems-research.com RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 60 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s10646-004-6259-9 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 907FC UT WOS:000227700000005 PM 15931958 ER PT J AU Kamman, NC Chalmers, A Clair, TA Major, A Moore, RB Norton, SA Shanley, JB AF Kamman, NC Chalmers, A Clair, TA Major, A Moore, RB Norton, SA Shanley, JB TI Factors influencing mercury in freshwater surface sediments of northeastern North America SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sediment; mercury; methylmercury; river; lake; reservoir; land-use; fish-tissue; quality ID ISLAND SOUND SEDIMENTS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; LAKES; METHYLMERCURY; ECOSYSTEMS; DEPOSITION; VERMONT; USA AB We report on an inventory and analysis of sediment mercury (Hg) concentrations from 579 sites across northeastern North America. Sediment Hg concentrations ranged from the limit of detection ca. 0.01-3.7 mu g g(-1) (dry weight, d.w.), and the average concentration was 0.19 mu g g(-1) (d.w.) Sediment methylmercury concentrations ranged from 0.15 to 21 ng g(-1) (d.w.) and the mean concentration was 3.83 ng g(-1) (d.w.). Total Hg concentrations (HgT) were greatest in lakes>reservoirs>rivers, although the proportion of Hg as methylmercury showed an inverse pattern. Total Hg was weakly and positively correlated with the sediment organic matter and percent of watershed as forested land, and weakly and negatively correlated with sediment solids content, drainage area, and agricultural land. Sediment methyl-mercury concentrations were weakly and positively correlated to wetland area, and weakly and negatively correlated to drainage area. Methylmercury, expressed as a percentage of HgT was positively correlated to agricultural land area. For sites with co-located sediment and fish-tissue sampling results, there was no relationship between sediment Hg and fish-tissue Hg. Finally, our data indicate that at least 44% of waters across the region have sediment HgT concentrations in excess of Canadian and United States minimum sediment contaminant guidelines for the protection of aquatic biota. C1 Vermont Dept Environm Conservat, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. Environm Canada, Atlantic Reg, Sackville, NB, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH USA. US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH USA. Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. RP Kamman, NC (reprint author), Vermont Dept Environm Conservat, 103 S Main St, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA. EM Neil.kamman@anr.state.vt.us NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s10646-004-6262-1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 907FC UT WOS:000227700000008 PM 15931961 ER PT J AU Dennis, IF Clair, TA Driscoll, CT Kamman, N Chalmers, A Shanley, J Norton, SA Kahl, S AF Dennis, IF Clair, TA Driscoll, CT Kamman, N Chalmers, A Shanley, J Norton, SA Kahl, S TI Distribution patterns of mercury in lakes and rivers of northeastern North America SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE total mercury; methyl mercury; freshwater; northeastern North America; GIS/landscape analysis ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN EXPORT; MATTER; DISCHARGE AB We assembled 831 data points for total mercury (Hg-t) and 277 overlapping points for methyl mercury (CH3Hg+) in surface waters from Massachussetts, USA to the Island of Newfoundland, Canada from State, Provincial, and Federal government databases. These geographically indexed values were used to determine: (a) if large-scale spatial distribution patterns existed and (b) whether there were significant relationships between the two main forms of aquatic Hg as well as with total organic carbon (TOC), a well know complexer of metals. We analyzed the catchments where samples were collected using a Geographical Information System (GIS) approach, calculating catchment sizes, mean slope, and mean wetness index. Our results show two main spatial distribution patterns. We detected loci of high Hg-t values near urbanized regions of Boston MA and Portland ME. However, except for one unexplained exception, the highest Hg-t and CH3Hg+ concentrations were located in regions far from obvious point sources. These correlated to topographically flat (and thus wet) areas that we relate to wetland abundances. We show that aquatic Hg-t and CH3Hg+ concentrations are generally well correlated with TOC and with each other. Over the region, CH3Hg+ concentrations are typically approximately 15% of Hg-t. There is an exception in the Boston region where CH3Hg+ is low compared to the high Hg-t values. This is probably due to the proximity of point sources of inorganic Hg and a lack of wetlands. We also attempted to predict Hg concentrations in water with statistical models using catchment features as variables. We were only able to produce statistically significant predictive models in some parts of regions due to the lack of suitable digital information, and because data ranges in some regions were too narrow for meaningful regression analyses. C1 Environm Canada, Atlantic Reg, Sackville, NB E4L 1G6, Canada. Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Sci & Technol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. VT Dept Environm Conservat, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, George Mitchell Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH USA. RP Clair, TA (reprint author), Environm Canada, Atlantic Reg, POB 6227, Sackville, NB E4L 1G6, Canada. EM tom.clair@ec.gc.ca RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 16 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s10646-004-6263-0 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 907FC UT WOS:000227700000009 PM 15931962 ER PT J AU Shanley, JB Kamman, NC Clair, TA Chalmers, A AF Shanley, JB Kamman, NC Clair, TA Chalmers, A TI Physical controls on total and methylmercury concentrations in streams and lakes of the northeastern USA SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE total mercury; methylmercury; SPARROW; land use; high flow events ID MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; METHYL MERCURY; WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS; SVARTBERGET CATCHMENT; NORTHERN SWEDEN; SURFACE WATERS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; RUNOFF AB The physical factors controlling total mercury (HgT) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in lakes and streams of northeastern USA were assessed in a regional data set containing 693 HgT and 385 corresponding MeHg concentrations in surface waters. Multiple regression models using watershed characteristics and climatic variables explained 38% or less of the variance in HgT and MeHg. Land cover percentages and soil permeability generally provided modest predictive power. Percent wetlands alone explained 19% of the variance in MeHg in streams at low-flow, and it was the only significant (p<0.02) predictor for MeHg in lakes, albeit explaining only 7% of the variance. When stream discharge was added as a variable it became the dominant predictor for HgT in streams, improving the model r(2) from 0.19 to 0.38. Stream discharge improved the MeHg model more modestly, from r(2) of 0.25 to 0.33. Methylation efficiency (MeHg/HgT) was modeled well (r(2) of 0.78) when a seasonal term was incorporated (sine wave with annual period). Physical models explained 18% of the variance in fish Hg concentrations in 134 lakes and 55% in 20 reservoirs. Our results highlight the important role of seasonality and short-term hydrologic changes to the delivery of Hg to water bodies. C1 US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. Vermont Dept Environm Conservat, Waterbury, VT USA. Environm Canada, Sackville, NB, Canada. RP Shanley, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. EM jshanley@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1007/s10646-004-6264-z PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 907FC UT WOS:000227700000010 PM 15931963 ER PT J AU Kamman, NC Burgess, NM Driscoll, CT Simonin, HA Goodale, W Linehan, J Estabrook, R Hutcheson, M Major, A Scheuhammer, AM Scruton, DA AF Kamman, NC Burgess, NM Driscoll, CT Simonin, HA Goodale, W Linehan, J Estabrook, R Hutcheson, M Major, A Scheuhammer, AM Scruton, DA TI Mercury in freshwater fish of northeast North America - A geographic perspective based on fish tissue monitoring databases SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mercury; fish tissue; length; lake; reservoir; river; indicator; GIS ID NEW-HAMPSHIRE; LAKES; ACCUMULATION; USA; VERMONT; FLUXES; MAINE; BOG AB As part of an initiative to assemble and synthesize mercury (Hg) data from environmental matrices across northeastern North America, we analyzed a large dataset comprised of 15,305 records of fish tissue Hg data from 24 studies from New York State to Newfoundland. These data were summarized to provide mean Hg concentrations for 40 fish species and associated families. Detailed analyses were carried out using data for 13 species. Hg in fishes varied by geographic area, waterbody type, and waterbody. The four species with the highest mean Hg concentrations were muskellunge (Esox masquinongy), walleye (Sander vitreus), white perch (Morone americana), and northern pike (Esox luscius). Several species displayed elevated Hg concentrations in reservoirs, relative to lakes and rivers. Normalized deviations from mean tissue levels for yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were mapped, illustrating how Hg concentrations in these species varied across northeastern North America. Certain geographic regions showed generally below or above-average Hg concentrations in fish, while significant heterogeneity was evident across the landscape. The proportion of waterbodies exhibiting exceedances of USEPA's criterion for fish methylmercury ranged from 14% for standard-length brook trout fillets to 42% for standard-length yellow perch fillets. A preliminary correlation analysis showed that fish Hg concentrations were related to waterbody acidity and watershed size. C1 Vermont Dept Environm Conservat, Water Qual Div, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA. Environm Canada, Atlantic Reg, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Mt Pearl, NF, Canada. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Rome Field Stn, Rome, NY USA. Biodivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME USA. Canadian Nat Resources Ltd, Calgary, AB, Canada. New Hampshire Dept Environm Conservat, Concord, NH USA. Massachusetts Dept Environm Protect, Boston, MA USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St Johns, NF, Canada. RP Kamman, NC (reprint author), Vermont Dept Environm Conservat, Water Qual Div, 103 S Main 10N, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA. EM Neil.kamman@anr.state.vt.us RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; OI Burgess, Neil/0000-0001-6084-2048; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 72 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s10646-004-6267-9 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 907FC UT WOS:000227700000013 PM 15931965 ER PT J AU Bank, MS Loftin, CS Jung, RE AF Bank, MS Loftin, CS Jung, RE TI Mercury bioaccumulation in northern two-lined salamanders from streams in the northeastern United States SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian; Eurycea bislineata bislineata; mercury; salamander; stream; watershed ID ESTUARINE SEDIMENT; METHYLATION; ALUMINUM; TADPOLES; BEHAVIOR; LARVAE AB Mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation in salamanders has received little attention despite widespread Hg contamination of aquatic ecosystems and worldwide amphibian declines. Here we report concentrations of methyl Hg (MeHg) and total Hg in larval northern two-lined salamanders (Eurycea bislineata bislineata) collected from streams in Acadia National Park (ANP), Maine, and Bear Brook Watershed, Maine (BBWM; a paired, gauged watershed treated with bimonthly applications (25 kg/ha/yr) of ammonium sulfate [(NH4)(2)SO4]) since 1989), and Shenandoah National Park (SNP), Virginia. MeHg comprised 73-97% of total Hg in the larval salamander composite samples from ANP. At BBWM we detected significantly higher total Hg levels in larvae from the (NH4)(2)SO4 treatment watershed. At ANP total Hg concentrations in salamander larvae were significantly higher from streams in unburned watersheds in contrast with larval samples collected from streams located in watersheds burned by the 1947 Bar Harbor. re. Additionally, total Hg levels were significantly higher in salamander larvae collected at ANP in contrast with SNP. Our results suggest that watershed-scale attributes including. re history, whole-catchment (NH4)(2)SO4 additions, wetland extent, and forest cover type influence mercury bioaccumulation in salamanders inhabiting lotic environments. We also discuss the use of this species as an indicator of Hg bioaccumulation in stream ecosystems. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Program Ecol & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Bank, MS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Program Ecol & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM msbank@fas.harvard.edu NR 39 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1007/s10646-004-6268-8 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 907FC UT WOS:000227700000014 PM 15931966 ER PT J AU Evers, DC Burgess, NM Champoux, L Hoskins, B Major, A Goodale, WM Taylor, RJ Poppenga, R Daigle, T AF Evers, DC Burgess, NM Champoux, L Hoskins, B Major, A Goodale, WM Taylor, RJ Poppenga, R Daigle, T TI Patterns and interpretation of mercury exposure in freshwater avian communities in northeastern North America SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE bird; loon; methylmercury; monitoring; indicator species ID LOONS GAVIA-IMMER; NESTING BALD EAGLES; SWALLOWS TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; CAPTIVE GREAT EGRETS; FOOD-CHAIN STRUCTURE; LOW PH LAKES; COMMON LOONS; METHYL MERCURY; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS AB A large data set of over 4,700 records of avian mercury (Hg) levels in northeastern North America was compiled and evaluated. As Hg emissions remain poorly regulated in the United States and Canada, atmospheric deposition patterns and associated ecological responses continue to elicit interest by landscape managers, conservation biologists, policy makers, and the general public. How avian Hg exposure is interpreted greatly influences decision-making practices. The geographic extent and size of this data set is valuable in understanding the factors that affect the exposure of Hg to birds. Featured are differences found among tissues, major aquatic habitats and geographic areas, between age class and gender, and among species. While Hg concentrations in egg and blood reflect short-term Hg exposure, Hg concentrations in liver and feather provide insight into long-term Hg exposure. Blood is a particularly important matrix for relating site-specific exposure to methylmercury (MeHg). The level of MeHg is generally 5-10x greater in adults compared to nestlings. Age also influences MeHg bioaccumulation, particularly for individuals where MeHg intake exceeds elimination. Gender is of interpretive concern when evaluating Hg exposure for species exhibiting sexual dimorphism and niche partitioning. Based on two indicator species, the belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) and bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), we found MeHg availability increased from marine, to estuarine and riverine systems, and was greatest in lake habitats. A large sample of >1,800 blood and egg Hg levels from the common loon (Gavia immer) facilitated a suitable comparison of geographic differences. Although some clusters of highly elevated Hg exposure (i.e., blood levels >3.0 mu g/g, ww and egg levels >1.3 mu g/g, ww) were associated with hydrological and biogeochemical factors known to increase MeHg production and availability, others were not. Geographic areas without a relationship between Hg exposure and biogeochemical processes were associated with emission or waterborne point sources. Differences in Hg exposure among species are primarily correlated with trophic position and availability of MeHg. Although piscivorous species were repeatedly shown to have some of the highest MeHg levels of the 38 species analyzed, insectivorous birds in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats (such as montane areas) were also found with elevated MeHg levels. A better understanding of the factors confounding interpretation of Hg exposure provides an effective basis for choice of indicator species and tissues according to 12 selected scenarios. This and the national need for spatiotemporal monitoring of MeHg availability require careful consideration of indicator species choice. Only then will local, regional, continental, and even global monitoring efforts be effective. C1 BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Mt Pearl, NF A1N 4T3, Canada. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, St Foy, PQ G1V 4H5, Canada. US EPA, N Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Trace Element Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Evers, DC (reprint author), BioDivers Res Inst, 19 Flaggy Meadow Rd, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. EM david.evers@briloon.org RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; OI Burgess, Neil/0000-0001-6084-2048 NR 162 TC 158 Z9 160 U1 8 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s10646-004-6269-7 PG 29 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 907FC UT WOS:000227700000015 PM 15931967 ER PT J AU Yates, DE Mayack, DT Munney, K Evers, DC Major, A Kaur, T Taylor, RJ AF Yates, DE Mayack, DT Munney, K Evers, DC Major, A Kaur, T Taylor, RJ TI Mercury levels in mink (Mustela vison) and River Otter (Lontra canadensis) from northeastern North America SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mink; otter; mercury; methylmercury; gender; age ID LUTRA-LUTRA; ONTARIO; CANADA AB Aquatic ecosystems have received mercury released from anthropogenic sources. The northeast region of North America is at especially high risk because of local and regional emission sources, prevailing wind patterns, and certain hydrological and biogeochemical features. Here we examine regional variation in total mercury (Hg) in brain, liver, and fur from otter and mink collected across New York, New England, and Nova Scotia. Gender and age are examined as factors potentially affecting Hg tissue levels. In addition, temporal relationships are analyzed for New York as well as correlative relationships for tissues from Maine. Animals were collected from 1982 to 2003, mostly from licensed trappers. Liver was the only tissue from otter that exhibited significant regional variation (New York versus Maine) in Hg concentration. Mercury concentration was significantly related to age but not to gender for otter. All tissues in mink exhibited significant, but inconsistent, regional variation in total Hg concentration, with the highest mean Hg concentration in liver samples from Massachusetts/Connecticut. Female mink had significantly greater Hg concentrations in liver than males. Total Hg concentration in the liver of both otter and mink from New York decreased significantly with time. Correlations among tissues for Hg concentration were stronger for male and female mink and male otter than female otter from Maine. C1 BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Hale Creek Field Stn, Gloversville, NY 12078 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Trace Element Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Antioch New England Grad Sch, Keene, NH 03431 USA. RP Yates, DE (reprint author), BioDivers Res Inst, 19 Flaggy Meadow Rd, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. EM dave.yates@briloon.org RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 26 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1007/s10646-004-6273-y PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 907FC UT WOS:000227700000019 PM 15931971 ER PT J AU Zuellig, RE Kondratieff, BC AF Zuellig, RE Kondratieff, BC TI Nebraska, USA: A new state record for the shortwing snowfly, Allocapnia vivipara (Plecoptera : Capniidae) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Editorial Material ID STONEFLIES PLECOPTERA C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Zuellig, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rzuellig@usgs.gov; boris.kondratieff@colostate.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 116 IS 2 BP 111 EP 112 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 919VG UT WOS:000228645100011 ER PT J AU Reid, SM Carl, LM Lean, JL AF Reid, SM Carl, LM Lean, JL TI Influence of riffle characteristics, surficial geology, and natural barriers on the distribution of the channel darter, Percina copelandi, in the Lake Ontario basin SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE benthic fishes; rivers; habitat; waterfalls; COSEWIC ID STREAM FISHES; RIVER-BASIN; DISPERSAL; HABITAT; RANGE; TROUT; GEOMORPHOLOGY; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE AB The channel darter, Percina copelandi, is a small benthic fish with a wide but disjunct distribution across central North America. The development of conservation and recovery strategies for Canadian populations is limited by a lack of knowledge regarding ecology, population size and other factors that affect its distribution and abundance. We sampled five rivers in the Lake Ontario basin to test whether the distribution of P. copelandi reflected riffle habitat characteristics or landscape-scale factors such as surficial geology and natural barriers (waterfalls). At most sites yielding P. copelandi, riffles flowed into deep sand bottomed run or pool habitats. Despite a lack of association with local surficial geology or riffle habitat characteristics, both the upstream limits of P. copelandi occurrence and distribution of suitable habitats reflected the distribution of waterfalls, chutes and bedrock outcroppings. In contrast to P. copelandi, distributions of Etheostoma flabellare, P. caprodes and Rhinichthys cataractae reflected among site differences in riffle habitat. C1 Trent Univ, Watershed Sci Ctr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Reid, SM (reprint author), Trent Univ, Watershed Sci Ctr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM screid@trentu.ca NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s10641-004-1743-x PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 914DE UT WOS:000228204400003 ER PT J AU Carpenter, J AF Carpenter, J TI Competition for food between an introduced crayfish and two fishes endemic to the Colorado River basin SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Catostomus; Gila; growth; Orconectes; trophic interactions ID BRITISH LOWLAND RIVER; SMALL BENTHIC FISH; ORCONECTES-VIRILIS; IMPACT; MACROINVERTEBRATES; INVASION; ARIZONA; ECOLOGY; LARVAL; STREAM AB Crayfish are not native to the Colorado River basin (CRB), however they are now established in portions of the mainstem and in many tributaries. I used density manipulation experiments in a laboratory setting to determine intra- and interspecific competition for food between Orconectes virilis, an aggressive polytrophic crayfish now common in the CRB, and two native fishes: Gila chub, Gila intermedia, and flannelmouth sucker, Catostomus latipinnis. I tested each fish species in separate trials. Growth of Gila chub decreased when animal densities increased, however they were more affected by intraspecific competition than by crayfish presence. In contrast, growth of flannelmouth suckers was more affected by crayfish than by intraspecific competition. Crayfish growth was not significantly altered by presence of either fish. Crayfish thus reduced fish growth by competition for food, but the effect differed markedly between the two species. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Carpenter, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Jeanette_Carpenter@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1007/s10641-004-2588-z PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 914DE UT WOS:000228204400013 ER PT J AU Nimick, DA Cleasby, TE McCleskey, RB AF Nimick, DA Cleasby, TE McCleskey, RB TI Seasonality of diel cycles of dissolved trace-metal concentrations in a Rocky Mountain stream SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diel, diurnal; metal, geochemistry, adsorption; arsenic, Manganese, zinc; Prickly Pear Creek, Montana, USA ID CONTAMINATED STREAM; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; MINE DRAINAGE; TRANSPORT; SORPTION; MONTANA; CALCITE; CREEK; RIVER AB Substantial diel (24-h) cycles in dissolved (0.1-mu m filtration) metal concentrations were observed during summer low flow, winter low flow, and snowmelt runoff in Prickly Pear Creek, Montana. During seven diel sampling episodes lasting 34-61.5 h, dissolved Mn and Zn concentrations increased from afternoon minimum values to maximum values shortly after sunrise. Dissolved As concentrations exhibited the inverse timing. The magnitude of diel concentration increases varied in the range 17-152% for Mn and 70-500% for Zn. Diel increases of As concentrations (17-55%) were less variable. The timing of minimum and maximum values of diel streamflow cycles was inconsistent among sampling episodes and had little relation to the timing of metal concentration cycles, suggesting that geochemical rather than hydrological processes are the primary control of diel metal cycles. Diel cycles of dissolved metal concentrations should be assumed to occur at any time of year in any stream with dissolved metals and neutral to alkaline pH. C1 US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Nimick, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM dnimick@usgs.gov OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192; McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052 NR 32 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 47 IS 5 BP 603 EP 614 DI 10.1007/s00254-004-1178-x PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 905IE UT WOS:000227561000001 ER PT J AU Shafroth, PB Cleverly, JR Dudley, TL Taylor, JP Van Riper, C Weeks, EP Stuart, JN AF Shafroth, PB Cleverly, JR Dudley, TL Taylor, JP Van Riper, C Weeks, EP Stuart, JN TI Control of Tamarix in the Western United States: Implications for water salvage, wildlife use, and riparian restoration SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Tamarix; saltcedar; tamarisk; evapotranspiration; water salvage; wildlife use; riparian restoration; revegetation; invasive species; exotic species; control ID LOWER COLORADO RIVER; RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; ELONGATA-DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEMS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NATIVE POPULUS; NEW-MEXICO; DICEROPROCTA-APACHE; VEGETATION RESPONSE AB Non-native shrub species in the genus Tamarix (saltcedar, tamarisk) have colonized hundreds of thousands of hectares of floodplains, reservoir margins, and other wetlands in western North America. Many resource managers seek to reduce saItcedar abundance and control its spread to increase the flow of water in streams that might otherwise be lost to evapotranspiration, to restore native riparian (streamside) vegetation, and to improve wildlife habitat. However, increased water yield might not always occur and has been substantially lower than expected in water salvage experiments, the potential for successful revegetation is variable, and not all wildlife taxa clearly prefer native plant habitats over saItcedar. As a result, there is considerable debate surrounding saItcedar control efforts. We review the literature on saItcedar control, water use, wildlife use, and riparian restoration to provide resource managers, researchers, and policy-makers with a balanced summary of the state of the science. To best ensure that the desired outcomes of removal programs are met, scientists and resource managers should use existing information and methodologies to carefully select and prioritize sites for removal, apply the most appropriate and cost-effective control methods, and then rigorously monitor control efficacy, revegetation success, water yield changes, and wildlife use. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resource & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bosque Apache Natl Wildlife Refuge, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Arizona, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Conservat Serv Div, Santa Fe, NM 87504 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM pat_shafroth@usgs.gov RI Cleverly, James/L-2134-2016 OI Cleverly, James/0000-0002-2731-7150 NR 142 TC 176 Z9 182 U1 25 U2 106 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 BP 231 EP 246 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-0099-5 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 928RG UT WOS:000229288800001 PM 15925969 ER PT J AU Cacela, D Lipton, J Beltman, D Hansen, J Wolotira, R AF Cacela, D Lipton, J Beltman, D Hansen, J Wolotira, R TI Associating ecosystem service losses with indicators of toxicity in habitat equivalency analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat equivalency analysis; ecological services; toxicity; restoration ID BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION; PUGET-SOUND; FISH; WASHINGTON; DISEASES AB Habitat equivalency analysis (HEA) was developed as a tool to scale mitigation or restoration when habitat is contaminated by hazardous substances or has been otherwise harmed by anthropogenic activities. Applying HEA involves balancing reductions in habitat quality against gains from restoration actions, and quantifying changes in habitat quality in terms of ecological services. We propose a framework for developing ecological service definitions and measures that incorporate knowledge about the impacts of chemical contaminants on biota. We describe a general model for integrating multiple lines of evidence about the toxicity of hazardous substances to allow mapping of toxicological inputs to ecological service losses. We provide an example of how this framework might be used in a HEA that quantifies ecological services provided by estuarine sediments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. C1 Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Columbian Off, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. NOAA, NOS Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cacela, D (reprint author), Stratus Consulting Inc, 1881 9th St,Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM dcacela@stratusconsulting.com NR 26 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 BP 343 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-4117-4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 928RG UT WOS:000229288800010 PM 15925976 ER PT J AU Toschik, PC Rattner, BA McGowan, PC Christman, MC Carter, DB Hale, RC Matson, CW Ottinger, MA AF Toschik, PC Rattner, BA McGowan, PC Christman, MC Carter, DB Hale, RC Matson, CW Ottinger, MA TI Effects of contaminant exposure on reproductive success of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nesting in Delaware River and bay, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pandion haliaetus; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; perfluorinated compounds; organochlorine contaminants; biomarker ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; PERFLUORODECANOIC ACID; NEW-JERSEY; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; DIPHENYL ETHERS; BALD EAGLES; EGGS AB Despite serious water-quality problems and pollutant loading and retention, Delaware River and Bay (USA) provide important wildlife habitat. In 2002, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of contaminant exposure and reproduction of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) breeding in Delaware River and Bay. Sample eggs were collected from 39 nests and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and mercury; a subset of 15 eggs was analyzed for perfluorinated compounds and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The fate of each nest was monitored weekly. Concentrations of 10 organochlorine pesticides or metabolites, total PCBs, and several toxic PCB congeners were greater (p < 0.05) in eggs collected between the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal (C and D Canal) and Trenton (Delaware River and northern Bay) compared to other sites. Concentrations of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE; 0.785-3.84 mug/g wet wt) and total PCBs (5.50-14.5 mug/g wet wt) in eggs collected between the C and D Canal and Trenton were similar to levels recently found in the Chesapeake Bay. In all study segments, at least one young fledged from 66 to 75% of nests. Productivity for Delaware Inland Bays (reference area) and southern Delaware Bay was 1.17 and 1.42 fledglings/active nest, respectively; north of the C and D Canal, productivity was 1.00 fledgling/active nest, which is marginally adequate to maintain the population. Using these data, a logistic regression model found that contaminant concentrations (p,p'-DDE, heptachlor epoxide, chlordane and metabolites, and total PCBs) were predictive of hatching success. Several perfluorinated compounds and PBDEs were detected in eggs at concentrations approaching 1 mug/g wet weight. These findings provide evidence that contaminants continue to be a significant stressor on osprey productivity in the northern Delaware River and Bay. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Delaware Coastal Management Program, Dover, DE 19901 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC, E Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM barnett_rattner@usgs.gov RI Matson, Cole/F-7992-2010 OI Matson, Cole/0000-0002-6472-9357 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04917] NR 49 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 25 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 617 EP 628 DI 10.1897/04-141R.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 899BW UT WOS:000227120900017 PM 15779762 ER PT J AU Beckett, KJ Millsap, SD Blankenship, AL Zwiernik, MJ Giesy, JP Bursian, SJ AF Beckett, KJ Millsap, SD Blankenship, AL Zwiernik, MJ Giesy, JP Bursian, SJ TI Squamous epithelial lesion of the mandibles and maxillae of wild mink (Mustela vison) naturally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyls; mink; jaw; pathology ID DIETARY EXPOSURE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; SAGINAW BAY; PROLIFERATION; REPRODUCTION; TOXICITY; CARP AB Approximately 125 km of the Kalamazoo River, located in southwestern Michigan (USA), are designated as a Superfund site, with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as the contaminant of concern. Mink (Mustela vison) are a naturally occurring predator in this area and also a species of concern because of their known sensitivity to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and structurally similar compounds, such as PCBs. Four of nine mink trapped from the Kalamazoo River area of concern (KRAOC) exhibited histological evidence of a jaw lesion previously identified in ranch mink. The jaw lesion, hyperplasia of squarnous epithelium in the mandible and maxilla, is known to be caused by 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) and TCDD. Mink trapped from an upstream reference area (Fort Custer Recreation Area [FCRA]) did not exhibit the lesion. Mean concentrations of total PCBs were 2.8 and 2.3 mg/kg wet weight in the livers of mink from the KRAOC and FCRA, respectively, and TCDD toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations were 0.30 and 0.11 mug/kg wet weight, respectively. Significant correlations were found between the severity of the lesion and the hepatic concentrations of total PCBs and TEQs. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of the lesion occurring in wild mink. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Intergrat Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. ENTRIX, Okemos, MI 48864 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Beckett, KJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kjb@msu.edu NR 14 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 674 EP 677 DI 10.1897/04-241R.1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 899BW UT WOS:000227120900023 PM 15779768 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Cayan, DR Tong, G Bainto, EV Turner, CL Shike, H Kawasaki, T Nakamura, Y Yashiro, M Yanagawa, H AF Burns, JC Cayan, DR Tong, G Bainto, EV Turner, CL Shike, H Kawasaki, T Nakamura, Y Yashiro, M Yanagawa, H TI Seasonality and temporal clustering of Kawasaki syndrome SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; EPIDEMIC PATTERNS; JAPAN; CHILDREN AB Background: The distribution of a syndrome in space and time may suggest clues to its etiology. The cause of Kawasaki syndrome, a systemic vasculitis of infants and children, is unknown, but an infectious etiology is suspected. Methods: Seasonality and clustering of Kawasaki syndrome cases were studied in Japanese children with Kawasaki syndrome reported in nationwide surveys in Japan. Excluding the years that contained the 3 major nationwide epidemics, 84,829 cases during a 14-year period (1987-2000) were analyzed. To assess seasonality, we calculated mean monthly incidence during the study period for eastern and western Japan and for each of the 47 prefectures. To assess clustering, we compared the number of cases per day (daily incidence) with a simulated distribution (Monte Carlo analysis). Results: Marked spatial and temporal patterns were noted in both the seasonality and deviations from the average number of Kawasaki syndrome cases in Japan. Seasonality was bimodal with peaks in January and June/July and a nadir in October. This pattern was consistent throughout Japan and during the entire 14-year period. Some years produced very high or low numbers of cases, but the overall variability was consistent throughout the entire country. Temporal clustering of Kawasaki syndrome cases was detected with nationwide outbreaks. Conclusions: Kawasaki syndrome has a pronounced seasonality in Japan that is consistent throughout the length of the Japanese archipelago. Temporal clustering of cases combined with marked seasonality suggests an environmental trigger for this clinical syndrome. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pediat 0830, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Sociol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. Japan Kawasaki Dis Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pediat 0830, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jcburns@ucsd.edu RI Burns, Jane/J-6167-2015 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL069413, R01 HL069413-08, R01HL69413] NR 24 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 220 EP 225 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000152901.06689.d4 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 898MF UT WOS:000227080200011 PM 15703537 ER PT J AU Mao, JW Goldfarb, RJ Wang, YT Hart, CJ Wang, ZL Yang, JM AF Mao, JW Goldfarb, RJ Wang, YT Hart, CJ Wang, ZL Yang, JM TI Late Paleozoic base and precious metal deposits, East Tianshan, Xinjiang, China: Characteristics and geodynamic setting SO EPISODES LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN CHINA; GOLD DEPOSITS; OROGENIC GOLD; NW CHINA; MOUNTAINS; FEATURES; BELT AB The East Tianshan is a remote Gobi area located in eastern Xinjiang, northwestern China. In the past several years, a number of gold, porphyry copper, and Fe(-Cu) and Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn skarn deposits have been discovered there and are attracting exploration interest. The East Tianshan is located between the Junggar block to the north and early Paleozoic terranes of the Middle Tianshan to the south. It is part of a Hercynian orogen with three distinct E-W-trending tectonic belts: the Devonian-Early Carboniferous Tousuquan-Dananhu island arc on the north and the Carboniferous Aqishan Yamansu rift basin to the south, which are separated by rocks of the Kanggurtag shear zone. The porphyry deposits, dated at 322 Ma, are related to the late evolutionary stages of a subduction-related oceanic or continental margin arc. In contrast, the skarn, gold, and magmatic Ni-Cu deposits are associated with post-collisional tectonics at ca. 290-270 Ma. These Late Carboniferous - Early Permian deposits are associated with large-scale emplacement and eruption of magmas possibly caused by lithosphere delamination and rifting within the East Tianshan. C1 China Univ Geosci, Fac Geosci & Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Mineral Resources, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Yukon Geol Program, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada. RP Mao, JW (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, Fac Geosci & Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM jingwenmao@263.net; goldfarb@usgs.gov NR 80 TC 56 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT UNION GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI BEIJING PA C/O ACAD GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 6 BAIWANZHUANG RD, PO BOX 823, BEIJING 100037, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0705-3797 J9 EPISODES JI Episodes PD MAR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 920PX UT WOS:000228703700004 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA Washburn, L Brzezinski, MA Siegel, DA AF Warrick, JA Washburn, L Brzezinski, MA Siegel, DA TI Nutrient contributions to the Santa Barbara Channel, California, from the ephemeral Santa Clara River SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE river nutrients; nitrate; Santa Clara River; Santa Barbara Channel; California ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; POINT-CONCEPTION; UPWELLING CENTER; COLUMBIA RIVER; PHYTOPLANKTON; SEA; SEDIMENT; WATERS; MODEL; IRON AB The Santa Clara River delivers nutrient rich runoff to the eastern Santa Barbara Channel during brief (similar to1-3 day) episodic events. Using both river and oceanographic measurements, we evaluate river loading and dispersal of dissolved macronutrients (silicate, inorganic N and P) and comment on the biological implications of these nutrient contributions. Both river and ocean observations suggest that river nutrient concentrations are inversely related to river flow rates. Land use is suggested to influence these concentrations, since runoff from a subwatershed with substantial agriculture and urban areas had much higher nitrate than runoff from a wooded subwatershed. During runoff events, river nutrients were observed to conservatively mix into the buoyant, surface plume immediately seaward of the Santa Clara River mouth. Dispersal of these river nutrients extended 10s of kin into the channel. Growth of phytoplankton and nutrient uptake was low during our observations (1-3 days following runoff), presumably due to the very low light levels resulting from high turbidity. However, nutrient quality of runoff (Si:N:P = 16:5: 1) was found to be significantly different than upwelling inputs (13:10:1), which may influence different algal responses once sediments settle. Evaluation of total river nitrate loads suggests that most of the annual river nutrient fluxes to the ocean occur during the brief winter flooding events. Wet winters (such as El Nino) contribute nutrients at rates approximately an order-of-magnitude greater than "average" winters. Although total river nitrate delivery is considerably less than that supplied by upwelling, the timing and location of these types of events are very different, with river discharge (upwelling) occurring predominantly in the winter (summer) and in the eastern (western) channel. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov RI Siegel, David/C-5587-2008 NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 62 IS 4 BP 559 EP 574 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2004.09.033 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 902AC UT WOS:000227322500001 ER PT J AU Reinert, TR Jennings, CA Will, TA Wallin, JE AF Reinert, TR Jennings, CA Will, TA Wallin, JE TI Decline and potential recovery of striped bass in a southeastern US estuary SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SAVANNA RIVER ESTUARY; MORONE-SAXATILIS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; SPECULATIVE HYPOTHESIS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; POPULATION; RECRUITMENT; RETENTION; HABITAT; GEORGIA AB Declines in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) populations have been well documented over the past 30 years. During the 1980s, Savannah River striped bass also suffered a population decline, when catch per unit effort (CPUE; #/hr) of large adults declined by 97% and egg production declined by 96%. Loss of freshwater spawning habitat through harbor modifications was identified as the primary cause. Population restoration began in 1990 and included stock enhancement and environmental remediation. Salinity levels in historic spawning and nursery habitats are now similar to those prior to the decline. Recently, egg production and CPUE of large striped bass both seem to be increasing. The increasing abundance of larger fish should result in continued increases in egg production, and eventually recruitment, and recent captures of wild-spawned larvae and juveniles confirm natural reproduction. However, current efforts to deepen the Savannah Harbor may preclude striped bass recovery by once again allowing saltwater intrusion into upper estuary spawning and nursery habitats. This case history may serve as another example of successful striped bass recovery efforts yet also underscores the need for continued monitoring and innovative research where populations are at risk or imperiled. C1 Univ Georgia, Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unt, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Denver, CO USA. USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Reinert, TR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unt, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM treinert@uga.edu NR 40 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2005)30[18:DAPROS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 903RR UT WOS:000227443800005 ER PT J AU Weber, PK Bacon, CR Hutcheon, ID Ingram, BL Wooden, JL AF Weber, PK Bacon, CR Hutcheon, ID Ingram, BL Wooden, JL TI Ion microprobe measurement of strontium isotopes in calcium carbonate with application to salmon otoliths SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID FISH OTOLITHS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ORDINARY CHONDRITES; RIVER SYSTEM; FRESH-WATER; MICROCHEMISTRY; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; GEOCHEMISTRY AB The ion microprobe has the capability to generate high resolution, high precision isotopic measurements, but analysis of the isotopic composition of strontium, as measured by the Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio, has been hindered by isobaric interferences. Here we report the first high precision measurements of Sr-87/Sr-86 by ion microprobe in calcium carbonate samples with moderate Sr concentrations. We use the high mass resolving power (7000 to 9000 M.R.P.) of the SHRIMP-RG ion microprobe in combination with its high transmission to reduce the number of interfering species while maintaining sufficiently high count rates for precise isotopic measurements. The isobaric interferences are characterized by peak modeling and repeated analyses of standards. We demonstrate that by sample-standard bracketing, Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios can be measured in inorganic and biogenic carbonates with Sr concentrations between 400 and 1500 ppm with similar to 2% external precision (2 sigma) for a single analysis, and subpermil external precision with repeated analyses. Explicit correction for isobaric interferences (peak-stripping) is found to be less accurate and precise than sample-standard bracketing. Spatial resolution is similar to 25 mu m laterally and 2 mu m deep for a single analysis, consuming on the order of 2 ng of material. The method is tested on otoliths from salmon to demonstrate its accuracy and utility. In these growth-banded aragonitic structures, one-week temporal resolution can be achieved. The analytical method should be applicable to other calcium carbonate samples with similar Sr concentrations. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Stanford USGS Ion Microprobe Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Weber, PK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, 507 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM weber2l@llnl.gov NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1225 EP 1239 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.051 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 906KF UT WOS:000227638900011 ER PT J AU Morgan, LA McIntosh, WC AF Morgan, LA McIntosh, WC TI Timing and development of the Heise volcanic field, Snake River Plain,Iidaho, western USA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE eastern Snake River Plain; Heise volcanic field; uplift of northern Teton Range; Snake Range detachment; Arbon Valley Tuff Heise Group ID YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT; UNITED-STATES; NEW-MEXICO; IDAHO; PLAIN; GEOCHRONOLOGY; IGNIMBRITES; CALIBRATION; QUATERNARY; SEQUENCE AB The Snake River Plain (SRP) developed over the last 16 Ma as a bimodal volcanic province in response to the southwest movement of the North American plate over a fixed melting anomaly. Volcanism along the SRP is dominated by eruptions of explosive high-silica rhyolites and represents some of the largest eruptions known. Basaltic eruptions represent the final stages of volcanism, forming a thin cap above voluminous rhyolitic deposits. Volcanism progressed, generally from west to east, along the plain episodically in successive volcanic fields comprised of nested caldera complexes with major caldera-forming eruptions within a particular field separated by ca. 0.5-1 Ma, similar to, and in continuation with, the present-day Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field. Passage of the North American plate over the melting anomaly at a particular point in time and space was accompanied by uplift, regional tectonism, massive explosive eruptions, and caldera subsidence, and followed by basaltic volcanism and general subsidence. The Heise volcanic field in the eastern SRP, Idaho, represents an adjacent and slightly older field immediately to the southwest of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field. Five large-volume (>0.5 km(3)) rhyolitic ignimbrites constitute a time-stratigraphic framework of late Miocene to early Pliocene volcanism for the study region. Field relations and high-precision (ArAr)-Ar-49-Ar-39 age determinations establish that four of these regional ignimbrites were erupted from the Heise volcanic field and form the framework of the Heise Group. These are the Blacktail Creek Tuff (6.62 +/- 0.03 Ma), Walcott Tuff (6.27 +/- 0.04 Ma), Conant Creek Tuff (5.51 +/- 0.13 Ma), and Kilgore Tuff (4.45 +/- 0.05 Ma; all errors reported at 2sigma). The fifth widespread ignimbrite in the region is the Arbon Valley Tuff Member of the Starlight Formation (10.21 +/- 0.03 Ma), which erupted from a caldera source outside of the Heise volcanic field. These results establish the Conant Creek Tuff as a distinct and widespread ignimbrite in the Heise volcanic field, eliminating former confusion resulting from previous discordant K/Ar and fission-track dates. New Ar-49/Ar-39 determinations, when combined with geochemical, lithologic, geophysical, and field data, define the volcanic and tectonic history of the Heise volcanic field and surrounding areas. Volcanic units erupted from the Heise volcanic field also provide temporal control for tectonic events associated with late Cenozoic extension in the Snake Range and with uplift of the Teton Range, Wyoming. In the Snake Range, movement of large (greater than or equal to0.10 km(3)) slide blocks of Mississippian limestone exposed 50 km to the east of the Heise field occurred between 6.3 and 5.5 Ma and may have been catastrophically triggered by the caldera eruption of the 5.51 +/- 0.13-Ma Conant Creek Tuff. This slide block movement of similar to300 vertical meters indicates that the Snake Range had significant relief by at least 5.5 Ma. In Jackson Hole, the distribution of outflow facies of the 4.45 +/- 0.05-Ma Kilgore Tuff related to eruption from the Kilgore caldera in the Heise volcanic field on the eastern SRP indicates that the northern Teton Range was not a significant topographic feature at this time. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. New Mexico Bur Mines & Min Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Morgan, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lmorgan@usgs.gov; rncintosh@ntnt.edu NR 79 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 16 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 3-4 BP 288 EP 306 DI 10.1130/B22519.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 904EZ UT WOS:000227480200003 ER PT J AU Nothdurft, LD Webb, GE Buster, NA Holmes, CW Sorauf, JE AF Nothdurft, LD Webb, GE Buster, NA Holmes, CW Sorauf, JE TI Brucite microbialites in living coral skeletons: Indicators of extreme microenvironments in shallow-marine settings SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brucite; microbialite; scleractinian coral; paleoclimate; Mg/Ca ratio; marine chemistry ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; TRACE-ELEMENTS; PORITES CORALS; WATER; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; RECORDS; FUNGI; MG/CA AB Brucite [Mg(OH)(2)] microbialites occur in vacated interseptal spaces of living scleractinian coral colonies (Acropora, Pocillopora, Porites) from subtidal and intertidal settings in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and subtidal Montastraea from the Florida Keys, United States. Brucite encrusts microbial filaments of endobionts (i.e., fungi, green algae, cyanobacteria) growing under organic biofilms; the brucite distribution is patchy both within interseptal spaces and within coralla. Although brucite is undersaturated in seawater, its precipitation was apparently induced in the corals by lowered pCO(2) and increased pH within microenvironments protected by microbial biofilms. The occurrence of brucite in shallow-marine settings highlights the importance of microenvironments in the formation and early diagenesis of marine carbonates. Significantly, the brucite precipitates discovered in microenvironments in these corals show that early diagenetic products do not necessarily reflect ambient seawater chemistry. Errors in environmental interpretation may arise where unidentified precipitates occur in microenvironments in skeletal carbonates that are subsequently utilized as geochemical seawater proxies. C1 Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Queensland Univ Technol, Inorgan Mat Res Program, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. RP Nothdurft, LD (reprint author), Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Nat Resource Sci, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. RI Nothdurft, Luke/B-4299-2011; Webb, Gregory/B-4481-2011; OI Webb, Gregory/0000-0002-9206-978X; Nothdurft, Luke/0000-0001-9646-9070 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.1130/G20932.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 904IA UT WOS:000227488100003 ER PT J AU Poore, RZ Pavich, MJ Grissino-Mayer, HD AF Poore, RZ Pavich, MJ Grissino-Mayer, HD TI Record of the North American southwest monsoon from Gulf of Mexico sediment cores SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Holocene; paleoclimate; global change; tree rings; monsoon ID INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; VARIABILITY AB Summer monsoonal rains (the southwest monsoon) are an important source of moisture for parts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Improved documentation of the variability in the southwest monsoon is needed because changes in the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation in this semiarid region of North America influence overall water supply and fire severity. Comparison of abundance variations in the planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer in marine cores from the western and northern Gulf of Mexico with terrestrial proxy records of precipitation (tree-ring width and packrat-midden occurrences) from the southwestern United States indicate that G. sacculifer abundance is a proxy for the southwest monsoon on millennial and submillennial time scales. The marine record confirms the presence of a severe multicentury drought centered ca. 1600 calendar (cal.) yr B.P. as well as several multidecadal droughts that have been identified in a long tree-ring record spanning the past 2000 cal. yr from west-central New Mexico. The marine record further suggests that monsoon circulation, and thus summer rainfall, was enhanced in the middle Holocene (ca. 6500-4500 C-14 yr B.P.; ca. 6980-4710 cal. yr B.P.). The marine proxy provides the potential for constructing a highly resolved, well-dated, and continuous history of the southwest monsoon for the entire Holocene. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Poore, RZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM rpoore@usgs.gov; mpavich@usgs.gov; grissino@utk.edu OI Grissino-Mayer, Henri/0000-0003-1088-2927 NR 22 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 22 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 209 EP 212 DI 10.1130/G21040.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 904IA UT WOS:000227488100013 ER PT J AU Hough, SE AF Hough, SE TI Predicting the unpredictable? SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD MAR PY 2005 VL 50 IS 3 BP 18 EP + PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 905XW UT WOS:000227605800018 ER PT J AU Gardner, C AF Gardner, C TI Monitoring a restless volcano: The 2004 eruption of Mount St. Helens SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Denver, CO USA. RP Gardner, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Denver, CO USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD MAR PY 2005 VL 50 IS 3 BP 24 EP 29 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 905XW UT WOS:000227605800020 ER PT J AU Sever, M AF Sever, M TI New monitoring at Montserrat SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Denver, CO USA. RP Sever, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Denver, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD MAR PY 2005 VL 50 IS 3 BP 28 EP 29 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 905XW UT WOS:000227605800021 ER PT J AU Langevin, CD Bean, DM Zheng, CM AF Langevin, CD Bean, DM Zheng, CM TI Ground water vistas: A graphical user interface for the MODFLOW family of ground water flow and transport models SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Software Review C1 US Geol Survey, Miami, FL 33178 USA. Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Fresno, CA 93721 USA. RP Langevin, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 9100 NW 36th St,Suite 107, Miami, FL 33178 USA. EM langevin@usgs.gov; DBean@geomatrix.com; czheng@ua.edu RI Zheng, Chunmiao/I-5257-2014 OI Zheng, Chunmiao/0000-0001-5839-1305 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 165 EP 168 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0016.x PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 908ZI UT WOS:000227828300004 PM 15819937 ER PT J AU Eberts, SM Jones, SA Braun, CL Harvey, GJ AF Eberts, SM Jones, SA Braun, CL Harvey, GJ TI Long-term changes in ground water chemistry at a phytoremediation demonstration site SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINANTS AB A field-scale demonstration project was conducted to evaluate the capability of eastern cottonwood trees (Populus deltoides) to attenuate trichloroethene (TCE) contamination of ground water. By the middle of the sixth growing season, trees planted where depth to water was < 3 m delivered enough dissolved organic carbon to the underlying aquifer to lower dissolved oxygen concentrations, to create iron-reducing conditions along the plume centerline and sulfate-reducing or methanogenic conditions in localized areas, and to initiate in situ reductive dechlorination of TCE. Apparent biodegradation rate constants for TCE along the centerline of the plume beneath the phytoremediation system increased from 0.0002/d to 0.02/d during the first six growing seasons. The corresponding increase in natural attenuation capacity of the aquifer along the plume centerline, from 0.0004/m to 0.0241m, is associated with a potential decrease in plume-stabilization distance from 9680 to 160 m. Demonstration results provide insight into the amount of vegetation and time that may be needed to achieve cleanup objectives at the field scale. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. US Geol Survey, Nocross, GA 30092 USA. US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. USAF, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Environm Safety & Hlth Div, Engn Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eberts, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM smeberts@usgs.gov; Gregory.Harvey@wpafb.af.mil OI Eberts, Sandra/0000-0001-5138-8293 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0018.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 908ZI UT WOS:000227828300006 PM 15819939 ER PT J AU Verstraeten, IM Fetterman, GS Meyer, MT Bullen, T Sebree, SK AF Verstraeten, IM Fetterman, GS Meyer, MT Bullen, T Sebree, SK TI Use of tracers and isotopes to evaluate vulnerability of water in domestic wells to septic waste SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID NITRATE CONTAMINATION SOURCES; GROUND-WATER; COLIFORM BACTERIA; TRACING SOURCES; BORON ISOTOPES; CHEMICAL FATE; SYSTEM PLUME; PHARMACEUTICALS; TRANSPORT; NITROGEN AB In Nebraska, a large number (> 200) of shallow sand-point and cased wells completed in coarse alluvial sediments along rivers and lakes still are used to obtain drinking water for human consumption, even though construction of sand-point wells for consumptive uses has been banned since 1987. The quality of water from shallow domestic wells potentially vulnerable to seepage from septic systems was evaluated by analyzing for the presence of tracers and multiple isotopes. Samples were collected from 26 sand-point and perforated, cased domestic wells and were analyzed for bacteria, coliphages, nitrogen species, nitrogen and boron isotopes, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), prescription and nonprescription drugs, or organic waste water contaminants. At least 13 of the 26 domestic well samples showed some evidence of septic system effects based on the results of several tracers including DOC, coliphages, NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), N(2), delta(15)N[NO(3)(-)] and boron isotopes, and antibiotics and other drugs. Sand-point wells within 30 in of a septic system and < 14 in deep in a shallow, thin aquifer had the most tracers detected and the highest values, indicating the greatest vulnerability to contamination from septic waste. C1 US Geol Survey, Int Water Res Branch, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Verstraeten, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Int Water Res Branch, MS 420 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM imverstr@usgs.gov; two4cy@aol.com; mmeyer@usgs.gov; tdbullen@usgs.gov; sksebree@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0015.x PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 933XD UT WOS:000229665300009 ER PT J AU Chapelle, FH Bradley, PM Casey, CC AF Chapelle, FH Bradley, PM Casey, CC TI Behavior of a chlorinated ethene plume following source-area treatment with Fenton's reagent SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB Monitoring data collected over a 6-year period show that a plume of chlorinated ethene-contaminated ground water has contracted significantly following treatment of the contaminant source area using in situ oxidation. Prior to treatment (1998), concentrations of perchloroethene (PCE) exceeded 4500 mu g/L in a contaminant source area associated with a municipal landfill in Kings Bay, Georgia. The plume emanating from this source area was characterized by vinyl chloride (VC) concentrations exceeding 800 mu g/L. In situ oxidation using Fenton's reagent lowered PCE concentrations in the source area below 100 mu g/L, and PCE concentrations have not rebounded above this level since treatment. In the 6 years following treatment, VC concentrations in the plume have decreased significantly. These concentration declines can be attributed to the movement of Fenton's reagent-treated water downgradient through the system, the cessation of a previously installed pump-and-treat system, and the significant natural attenuation capacity of this anoxic aquifer. While in situ oxidation briefly decreased the abundance and activity of microorganisms in the source area, this activity rebounded in < 6 months. Nevertheless, the shift from sulfate-reducing to Fe(III)-reducing conditions induced by Fenton's treatment may have decreased the efficiency of reductive dechlorination in the injection zone. The results of this study indicate that source-area removal actions, particularly when applied to ground water systems that have significant natural attenuation capacity, can be effective in decreasing the areal, extent and contaminant concentrations of chlorinated ethene plumes. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. So Div Naval Facil Engn Command, N Charleston, SC USA. RP Chapelle, FH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. EM Chapelle@usgs.gov; pbradley@usgs.gov; cliff.casey@navy.mil NR 13 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0020.x PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 933XD UT WOS:000229665300011 ER PT J AU Voss, CI AF Voss, CI TI The future of hydrogeology SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM cvoss@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s10040-005-0435-8 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 924KD UT WOS:000228976800001 ER PT J AU Glynn, PD Plummer, LN AF Glynn, PD Plummer, LN TI Geochemistry and the understanding of ground-water systems SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE isotopes; geochemistry; hydrochemical modeling; paleohydrology; groundwater age ID GREAT ARTESIAN BASIN; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; TRIASSIC SANDSTONE AQUIFER; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; DATING YOUNG GROUNDWATER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION SYSTEMS; PROCESSES INVOLVING MINERALS; EQUILIBRIUM END-POINTS; SALT-WATER INTRUSIONS; MILK RIVER AQUIFER AB Geochemistry has contributed significantly to the understanding of ground-water systems over the last 50 years. Historic advances include development of the hydrochemical facies concept, application of equilibrium theory, investigation of redox processes, and radiocarbon dating. Other hydrochemical concepts, tools, and techniques have helped elucidate mechanisms of flow and transport in ground-water systems, and have helped unlock an archive of paleoenvironmental information. Hydrochemical and isotopic information can be used to interpret the origin and mode of ground-water recharge, refine estimates of time scales of recharge and groundwater flow, decipher reactive processes, provide paleo-hydrological information, and calibrate ground-water flow models. Progress needs to be made in obtaining representative samples. Improvements are needed in the interpretation of the information obtained, and in the construction and interpretation of numerical models utilizing hydrochemical data. The best approach will ensure an optimized iterative process between field data collection and analysis, interpretation, and the application of forward, inverse, and statistical modeling tools. Advances are anticipated from microbiological investigations, the characterization of natural organics, isotopic fingerprinting, applications of dissolved gas measurements, and the fields of reaction kinetics and coupled processes. A thermodynamic perspective is offered that could facilitate the comparison and understanding of the multiple physical, chemical, and biological processes affecting groundwater systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 436 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM pglynn@usgs.gov OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 352 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 263 EP 287 DI 10.1007/s10040-004-0429-y PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 924KD UT WOS:000228976800023 ER PT J AU Konikow, LF Kendy, E AF Konikow, LF Kendy, E TI Groundwater depletion: A global problem SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE over-abstraction; groundwater managment; groundwater development; groundwater depletion C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA USA. Kendy Hydrol Consulting, Helena, MT 59601 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA USA. EM lkonikow@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 168 Z9 173 U1 8 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 317 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s10040-004-0411-8 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 924KD UT WOS:000228976800027 ER PT J AU Pal, A Mbarika, VWA Cobb-Payton, F Datta, P McCoy, S AF Pal, A Mbarika, VWA Cobb-Payton, F Datta, P McCoy, S TI Telemedicine diffusion in a developing country: The case of India (March 2004) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diffusion of technology; India; information technology; telemedicine; telemedicine implementation ID E-HEALTH; EXPERIENCE AB Telemedicine (health-care delivery where physicians examine distant patients using telecommunications technologies) has been heralded as one of several possible solutions to some of the medical dilemmas that face many developing countries. In this study, we examine the current state of telemedicine in a developing country, India. Telemedicine has brought a plethora of benefits to the populace of India, especially those living in rural and remote areas (constituting about 70% of India's population). We discuss three Indian telemedicine implementation cases, consolidate lessons learned from the cases, and culminate with potential researchable critical success factors that account for the growth and modest successes of telemedicine in India. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. So Univ & A&M Coll, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Coll William & Mary, Sch Business, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Pal, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM apal@usgs.gov; victor@mbarika.com; payton379@aol.com; pdatta@wsu.edu; scott.mccoy@business.wm.edu NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1089-7771 J9 IEEE T INF TECHNOL B JI IEEE T. Inf. Technol. Biomed. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 9 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1109/TITB.2004.842410 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics GA 906WU UT WOS:000227676200008 PM 15787008 ER PT J AU Mora, MA Boutton, TW Musquiz, D AF Mora, MA Boutton, TW Musquiz, D TI Regional variation and relationships between the contaminants DDE and selenium and stable isotopes in swallows nesting along the Rio Grande and one reference site, Texas, USA SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Applications of Stable Isotope Techniques to Ecological Studies CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL Wellington, NEW ZEALAND SP Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Inst Geol & Nucl Sci DE birds; carbon-13; contaminants; DDE; natural variations; nitrogen-15; Rio Grande; selenium; swallows ID NITROGEN ISOTOPES; FOOD-WEB; TROPHIC POSITION; CARBON ISOTOPES; WINTERING GROUNDS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; DIET; BIOACCUMULATION; TISSUES; FEATHERS AB Cave swallows (Petrochelidon fulva) and cliff swallows (P. pyrrhonota) nest in numerous colonies throughout the Texas portion of the Rio Grande along the U. S. border with Mexico. We collected swallows during 1999 and 2000 from eight locations along the Rio Grande to determine if delta(15)N and delta(13)C values could be used to predict 1,1-di-(p-chlorophenyl-)2,2-dichloroethene (DDE) and selenium (Se) contaminant burdens in insectivorous birds nesting across a geographic gradient in the Texas Mexico border and to discern if stable isotopes could help discriminate between local versus nonlocal acquisition of contaminants. We analysed delta(15)N and delta(13)C in liver and muscle and DDE and Se in swallow carcasses. Within individuals, delta(15)N was higher in liver than in muscle of both species by an average of 1.34 parts per thousand, whereas delta(13)C was 0.145 parts per thousand higher in muscle than in liver. Significant differences occurred among locations in delta(15)N and delta(13)C values in liver and muscle of both species. Cave swallows from three locations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley were more enriched in delta(15)N than swallows from other sites. In general, swallows nesting in more northern latitudes along the Rio Grande had lower delta(15)N and delta(13)C values than those nesting farther south. Concentrations of DDE were significantly greater in swallows from El Paso, Llano Grande, and Pharr than in those from Brownsville, Falcon Lake, Laredo, Del Rio, and a reference site outside the Rio Grande. All swallows (n = 21) from El Paso, Llano Grande, and Pharr had DDE concentrations >= 3 mu g g(-1) wet weight (ww), a value three times greater than the estimated threshold in avian prey that could cause potential reproductive failures in raptors. Concentrations of Se also were significantly greater in El Paso and Del Rio than at other locations. Most Se concentrations were not of concern for direct effects on birds or their predators. Principal component analysis indicated some positive correlations between delta(15)N and delta(13)C values in tissues and contaminant concentrations in carcass; however, analysis of covariance suggested a stronger effect of location on concentrations of DDE and Se. At the local level (Llano Grande and Pharr) there was a significant positive correlation between delta(15)N in liver and DDE concentrations in swallow carcasses; however, Se concentrations were not significantly correlated with isotopes even at the local level. Our results provide a good database of delta(15)N and delta(13)C values for insectivorous birds nesting along the Rio Grande. Similar ecologies for cave and cliff swallows and their abundance and wide distribution along the Rio Grande make them ideal indicators of environmental pollution of this portion of the Texas-Mexico border. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Mora, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 2258 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mmora@tamu.edu RI Boutton, Thomas/C-5821-2016; OI Boutton, Thomas/0000-0002-7522-5728; Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216 NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-6016 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 69 EP 85 DI 10.1080/10256010500053953 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 933IB UT WOS:000229621000007 PM 15823858 ER PT J AU M, MS Smith, DR AF M, MS Smith, DR TI Two-stage sequential sampling: A neighborhood-free adaptive sampling procedure SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE clustered population; freshwater mussels; Murthy's estimator; neyman allocation; rare events; waterfowl ID HORVITZ-THOMPSON; HANSEN-HURWITZ; POPULATIONS; ESTIMATORS; DENSITY; RARE AB Designing an efficient sampling scheme for a rare and clustered population is a challenging area of research. Adaptive cluster sampling, which has been shown to be viable for such a population, is based on sampling a neighborhood of units around a unit that meets a specified condition. However, the edge units produced by sampling neighborhoods have proven to limit the efficiency and applicability of adaptive cluster sampling. We propose a sampling design that is adaptive in the sense that the final sample depends on observed values, but it avoids the use of neighborhoods and the sampling of edge units. Unbiased estimators of population total and its variance are derived using Murthy's estimator. The modified two-stage sampling design is easy to implement and can be applied to a wider range of populations than adaptive cluster sampling. We evaluate the proposed sampling design by simulating sampling of two real biological populations and an artificial population for which the variable of interest took the value either 0 or 1(e.g., indicating presence and absence of a rare event). We show that the proposed sampling design is more efficient than conventional sampling in nearly all cases. The approach used to derive estimators (Murthy's estimator) opens the door for unbiased estimators to be found for similar sequential sampling designs. C1 Isfahan Univ Technol, Sch Math Sci, Esfahan, Iran. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP M, MS (reprint author), Isfahan Univ Technol, Sch Math Sci, Esfahan, Iran. EM salehi_m@cc.iut.ac.ir; david_r_smith@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1 BP 84 EP 103 DI 10.1198/108571105X28183 PG 20 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 903ZB UT WOS:000227463200006 ER PT J AU Ruetz, CR Trexler, JC Jordan, F Loftus, WF Perry, SA AF Ruetz, CR Trexler, JC Jordan, F Loftus, WF Perry, SA TI Population dynamics of wetland fishes: spatio-temporal patterns synchronized by hydrological disturbance? SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dispersal; drought; Florida Everglades; Moran effect; spatial synchrony ID FLORIDA-EVERGLADES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HABITAT STRUCTURE; GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS; DISPERSAL; WATER; MOSQUITOFISH; COLONIZATION; FLUCTUATIONS; ABUNDANCE AB 1. Drought is a natural disturbance that can cause widespread mortality of aquatic organisms in wetlands. We hypothesized that seasonal drying of marsh surfaces (i.e. hydrological disturbance) shapes spatio-temporal patterns of fish populations. 2. We tested whether population dynamics of fishes were synchronized by hydrological disturbance (Moran effect) or distance separating study sites (dispersal). Spatio-temporal patterns were examined in local populations of five abundant species at 17 sites (sampled five times per year from 1996 to 2001) in a large oligotrophic wetland. 3. Fish densities differed significantly across spatio-temporal scales for all species. For all species except eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), a significant portion of spatio-temporal variation in density was attributed to drying events (used as a covariate). 4. We observed three patterns of response to hydrological disturbance. Densities of bluefin killifish (Lucania goodei), least killifish (Heterandria formosa), and golden topminnow (Fundulus chrysotus) were usually lowest after a dry down and recovered slowly. Eastern mosquitofish showed no distinct response to marsh drying (i.e. they recovered quickly). Flagfish (Jordanella floridae) density was often highest after a dry down and then declined. Population growth after a dry down was often asymptotic for bluefin killifish and golden topminnow, with greatest asymptotic density and longest time to recovery at sites that dried infrequently. 5. Fish population dynamics were synchronized by hydrological disturbance (independent of distance) and distance separating study sites (independent of hydrological disturbance). Our ability to separate the relative importance of the Moran effect from dispersal was strengthened by a weak association between hydrological synchrony and distance among study sites. Dispersal was the primary mechanism for synchronous population dynamics of flagfish, whereas hydrological disturbance was the primary mechanism for synchronous population dynamics of the other species examined. 6. Species varied in the relative role of the Moran effect and dispersal in homogenizing their population dynamics, probably as a function of life history and ability to exploit dry-season refugia. C1 Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Everglades Natl Pk Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Watershed & Restorat Studies, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. Everglades Natl Pk, Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. RP Ruetz, CR (reprint author), Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, 740 W Shoreline Dr, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM cruetz@sigmaxi.org NR 43 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 74 IS 2 BP 322 EP 332 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00926.x PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 905TR UT WOS:000227593600014 ER PT J AU Honeyfield, DC Brown, SB Fitzsimons, JD Tillitt, DE AF Honeyfield, DC Brown, SB Fitzsimons, JD Tillitt, DE TI Early mortality syndrome in great lakes salmonines SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID THIAMINE-DEFICIENCY; FISH; TROUT; MICHIGAN; DIET C1 Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Brown, SB (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM scott.brown@ec.gc.ca NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1577/H04-012.1 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 928FR UT WOS:000229257200001 ER PT J AU Honeyfield, DC Hinterkopf, JP Fitzsimons, JD Tillitt, DE Zajicek, JL Brown, SB AF Honeyfield, DC Hinterkopf, JP Fitzsimons, JD Tillitt, DE Zajicek, JL Brown, SB TI Development of thiamine deficiencies and early mortality syndrome in lake trout by feeding experimental and feral fish diets containing thiaminase SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Mortality Syndrome CY MAY, 2001 CL Washington, DC ID ATLANTIC SALMON; GREAT-LAKES; EGG; AMPROLIUM; SURVIVAL; MICHIGAN; ONTARIO; TISSUES AB We conducted a laboratory investigation on the consequences of feeding predatory salmonids either experimental diets low in thiamine or diets containing alewife Alosa pseudoharengus. In experiment 1, adult lake trout Salvelinus namaycush were fed experimental diets containing bacterial thiaminase. In experiment 2, adult lake trout were fed natural prey species, alewives, and bloaters Coregonus hoyi. The diets consisted of four combinations of alewives and bloaters from Lake Michigan (100% alewives, 65% alewives-35% bloaters, 35% alewives-65% bloaters, and 100% bloaters), alewives from Cayuga Lake, a casein bacterial thiaminase, and a commercial trout diet. We assessed the effects of each diet on egg thiamine concentration and incidence of an embryonic early mortality syndrome (EMS). In experiment 1, incidence of EMS ranged from 0% to 100%. Significant relationships were found between the incidence of EMS and thiamine. In experiment 2, adult lake trout fed 100% alewives from either Lake Michigan or Cayuga Lake or fish fed the casein bacterial thiaminase diet produced eggs with low thiamine and swim-up fry with EMS. At either 35% or 65% alewives in the diet, egg thiamine was significantly lowered. The number of females that produced offspring that died from EMS were low but demonstrated the negative potential if feral lake trout foraged on either 35% or 65% alewives. Depleted egg thiamine and the onset of EMS required diets containing thiaminase for a minimum of 2 years in lake trout initially fully thiamine replete. We conclude that EMS can be caused by extensive feeding on 100% alewives and dietary levels of 35% or greater may prove detrimental to sustainable reproduction of salmonids in the Great Lakes. The data are consistent with that observed in feral lake trout, and it is concluded that EMS is the result of a thiamine deficiency. C1 US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Honeyfield, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM honeyfie@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 4 EP 12 DI 10.1577/H03-078.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 928FR UT WOS:000229257200002 ER PT J AU Tillitt, DE Zajicek, JL Brown, SB Brown, LR Fitzsimons, JD Honeyfield, DC Holey, ME Wright, GM AF Tillitt, DE Zajicek, JL Brown, SB Brown, LR Fitzsimons, JD Honeyfield, DC Holey, ME Wright, GM TI Thiamine and thiaminase status in forage fish of salmonines from Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Mortality Syndrome CY MAY, 2001 CL Washington, DC ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; GREAT-LAKES; BALTIC SEA; TROUT; ALEWIVES; ONTARIO; TISSUES; HURON; DIETS; SMELT AB Dietary sources of thiamine (vitamin B(1)) and thiamine-degrading enzymes (thiaminases) are thought to be primary factors in the development of thiamine deficiency among Great Lakes salmonines. We surveyed major forage fish species in Lake Michigan for their content of thiamine, thiamine vitamers, and thiaminase activity. Concentrations of total thiamine were similar (P <= 0.05) among most forage fishes (alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, bloater Coregonus hoyi, spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius, deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii, yellow perch Perca flavescens, ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius, and round goby Neogobius melanostomus) and slightly lower in rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax. Concentrations of total thiamine were all above the dietary requirements of coldwater fishes, suggesting the thiamine content of forage fish is not the critical factor in the development of thiamine deficiency in Lake Michigan salmonines. Thiamine pyrophosphate was the predominant form of thiamine in most species of forage fish, followed by free thiamine and thiamine monophosphate. Total thiamine was slightly greater in summer collections of alewife and rainbow smelt than in spring and fall collections, but the same was not true for bloater. Thiaminase activity varied among species and was greatest in gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum, spottail shiner, alewife, and rainbow smelt. Thiaminase activity in alewife varied among collection locations, season (greatest in spring), and size of the fish. Size and condition factors were positively correlated with both total thiamine and thiaminase activity in alewife. Thus, thiamine and thiaminase activity in forage fishes collected in Lake Michigan varied among species, seasons, year caught, and size (or condition). Therefore, multiple factors must be considered in the development of predictive models for the onset of thiamine deficiency in Great Lakes salmonines. Most importantly, thiaminase activity was great in alewives and rainbow smelt, suggesting that these prey fish are key causative factors of the thiamine deficiency in Great Lakes salmonines. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. Chippewa Ottawa Fisheries Management Assoc, Hessel, MI 49745 USA. RP Tillitt, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM dtillitt@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1577/H02-081.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 928FR UT WOS:000229257200003 ER PT J AU Fitzsimons, JD Williston, B Zajicek, JL Tillitt, DE Brown, SB Brown, LR Honeyfield, DC Warner, DM Rudstam, LG Pearsall, W AF Fitzsimons, JD Williston, B Zajicek, JL Tillitt, DE Brown, SB Brown, LR Honeyfield, DC Warner, DM Rudstam, LG Pearsall, W TI Thiamine content and thiaminase activity of ten freshwater stocks and one marine stock of alewives SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Mortality Syndrome CY MAY, 2001 CL Washington, DC ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; LAKES LAKE TROUT; GREAT-LAKES; ATLANTIC SALMON; FISH-TISSUES; MICHIGAN; ONTARIO; DEFICIENCY; REPRODUCTION; REQUIREMENT AB Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus contain thiaminase activity that has been implicated in the development of a thiamine deficiency and associated effects in salmonines of the Great Lakes basin. Little is known about the factors that regulate thiaminase activity in alewives. We sampled alewives of uniform size (60-120 mm) during the summer of 1998 from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, seven of New York's Finger Lakes, one inland lake in Ontario, and two Great Lakes to assess possible relationships among thiamine, lipid content, fish abundance, lake morphometry, lake productivity, freshwater residency, and thiaminase activity. Thiaminase activity varied significantly among the 11 locations but was unrelated to thiamine concentration, which did not vary significantly. Alewife thiaminase activity in the Finger Lakes was negatively related to lipid content and positively related to measures of lake size (e.g., area, volume, and maximum depth). Activity in the one marine stock sampled in the Gulf of St. Lawrence was comparable to the highest values observed in the 10 freshwater stocks examined. Variation in alewife thiaminase activity has the potential to affect the extent of a thiamine deficiency associated with salmonines who feed on alewives as well as the viability of their offspring. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Ctr, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, E Avon, NY 14414 USA. RP Fitzsimons, JD (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM fitzsimonsj@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Warner, David/C-8858-2009 NR 36 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1577/H04-002.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 928FR UT WOS:000229257200004 ER PT J AU Brown, SB Arts, MT Brown, LR Brown, M Moore, K Villella, M Fitzsimons, JD Honeyfield, DC Tillitt, DE Zajicek, JL Wolgamood, M Hnath, JG AF Brown, SB Arts, MT Brown, LR Brown, M Moore, K Villella, M Fitzsimons, JD Honeyfield, DC Tillitt, DE Zajicek, JL Wolgamood, M Hnath, JG TI Can diet-dependent factors help explain fish-to-fish variation in thiamine-dependent early mortality syndrome? SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Mortality Syndrome CY MAY, 2001 CL Washington, DC ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; LAKE TROUT; FATTY-ACIDS; FOOD WEBS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NITROGEN ISOTOPE; STABLE CARBON; FINGER-LAKES; M74 SYNDROME AB To provide insight into the reasons why offspring of certain salmonine females exhibit early mortality syndrome (EMS) in the Great Lakes whereas others do not, we measured the egg concentrations of potential biochemical markers (stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon, fatty acid signatures, and lipid-soluble carotenoids and vitamins) that are indicative of differing food web and trophic structure. To corroborate the presence of EMS, we also measured the egg content of thiamine vitamers. For all the stocks of coho salmon OncorhYnchus kisutch and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha we studied, there was a very high correspondence between EMS and low concentrations of unphosphorylated thiamine in unfertilized eggs. For salmonine stocks in the Platte River, Thompson Creek, and the Swan River, Michigan, small but significant shifts occurred in measures of egg carotenoids, retinoids, delta N-15 depletion, and fatty acid profiles of fish producing normal offspring relative to those exhibiting EMS. Egg thiamine concentrations in Chinook salmon from the Little Manistee River, Michigan, in the low-EMS group were only marginally above the threshold for EMS induction. Along with this small thiamine differential, there was no evidence of differing food web or dietary factors between EMS-positive and normal Chinook salmon from the Little Manistee River. Further investigations are required to determine the potential dietary sources for the observed differences in biochemical markers between EMS-positive and normal fish. These findings are generally consistent with the hypothesis that a more diverse forage base may help to limit overall dietary content of species that contain thiaminase, such as alewives Alosa pseudoharengus, and may lead to improved embryonic survival for feral salmonids. C1 Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wolf Lake State Fish Hatchery, Mattawan, MI 49071 USA. RP Brown, SB (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM scott.brown@ec.gc.ca OI Arts, Michael/0000-0002-2335-4317 NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 36 EP 47 DI 10.1577/H03-072.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 928FR UT WOS:000229257200005 ER PT J AU Fitzsimons, JD Williston, B Amcoff, P Balk, L Pecor, C Ketola, HG Hinterkopf, JP Honeyfield, DC AF Fitzsimons, JD Williston, B Amcoff, P Balk, L Pecor, C Ketola, HG Hinterkopf, JP Honeyfield, DC TI The effect of thiamine injection on upstream migration, survival, and thiamine status of putative thiamine-deficient Coho salmon SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Mortality Syndrome CY MAY, 2001 CL Washington, DC ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; TRANSKETOLASE ACTIVITY; M74 SYNDROME; GREAT-LAKES; GAIRDNERI; MICHIGAN; SALAR; RAT AB A diet containing a high proportion of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus results in a thiamine deficiency that has been associated with high larval salmonid mortality, known as early mortality syndrome (EMS), but relatively little is known about the effects of the deficiency on adults. Using thiamine injection (50 mg thiamine/kg body weight) of ascending adult female coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch on the Platte River, Michigan, we investigated the effects of thiamine supplementation on migration, adult survival, and thiamine status. The thiamine concentrations of eggs, muscle (red and white), spleen, kidney (head and trunk), and liver and the transketolase activity of the liver, head kidney, and trunk kidney of fish injected with thiamine dissolved in physiological saline (PST) or physiological saline only (PS) were compared with those of uninjected fish. The injection did not affect the number of fish making the 15-km upstream migration to a collection weir but did affect survival once fish reached the upstream weir, where survival of PST-injected fish was almost twice that of controls. The egg and liver thiamine concentrations in PS fish sampled after their upstream migration were significantly lower than those of uninjected fish collected at the downstream weir, but the white muscle thiamine concentration did not differ between the two groups. At the upper weir, thiamine levels in the liver, spleen, head kidney. and trunk kidney of PS fish were indistinguishable from those of uninjected fish (called "wigglers") suffering from a severe deficiency and exhibiting reduced equilibrium, a stage that precedes total loss of equilibrium and death. For PST fish collected at the upstream weir, total thiamine levels in all tissues were significantly elevated over those of PS fish. Based on the limited number of tissues examined, thiamine status was indicated better by tissue thiamine concentration than by transketolase activity. The adult injection method we used appears to be a more effective means of increasing egg thiamine levels than immersion of eggs in a thiamine solution. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Pathol, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, Inst Appl Environm Res, Lab Aquat Ecotoxicol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Michigand Dept Nat Resources, Platte River State Fish Hatchery, Beulah, MI 49617 USA. US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Fitzsimons, JD (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM fitzsimonsj@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 48 EP 58 DI 10.1577/H04-003.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 928FR UT WOS:000229257200006 ER PT J AU Brown, SB Honeyfield, DC Hnath, JG Wolgamood, M Marcquenski, SV Fitzsimons, JD Tillitt, DE AF Brown, SB Honeyfield, DC Hnath, JG Wolgamood, M Marcquenski, SV Fitzsimons, JD Tillitt, DE TI Thiamine status in adult salmonines in the great lakes SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Mortality Syndrome CY MAY, 2001 CL Washington, DC ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; TROUT; DEFICIENCY; MICHIGAN; ONTARIO AB In 1996 and again in 1999, hatchery personnel noted that some Lake Michigan coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch from fall spawning runs on the Platte River weir exhibited abnormal wiggling behavior that was similar to the behavior exhibited by thiamine-deficient Atlantic salmon Salmo solar, from the Baltic Sea. Samples of eggs or gonads, muscle, and liver from salmon and lake trout Salvelinus namaycush exhibiting abnormal behaviors were collected to determine the extent to which the behaviors were related to a thiamine deficiency. We compared these values with those found in normally behaving fish that produced offspring with high embryonic survival. In all adult fish exhibiting abnormal behavior, tissue residues of thiamine were among the lowest observed in the Great Lakes. Where embryonic survival was assessed, abnormal adult behavior was also associated with very high levels of offspring mortality due to early mortality syndrome. While the overall ecological significance remains to be determined, it appears that adult fish also exhibit neurological dysfunction and mortality associated with thiamine deficiency. C1 Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wolf Lake State Fish Hatchery, Mattawan, MI 49071 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Brown, SB (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM scott.brown@ec.gc.ca NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1577/H04-059.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 928FR UT WOS:000229257200007 ER PT J AU Wolgamood, M Hnath, JG Brown, SB Moore, K Marcquenski, SV Honeyfield, DC Hinterkopf, JP Fitzsimons, JD Tillitt, DE AF Wolgamood, M Hnath, JG Brown, SB Moore, K Marcquenski, SV Honeyfield, DC Hinterkopf, JP Fitzsimons, JD Tillitt, DE TI Temporal and spatial variation of early mortality syndrome in Salmonids from lakes Michigan and Huron SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Mortality Syndrome CY MAY, 2001 CL Washington, DC ID ATLANTIC SALMON; GREAT-LAKES; THIAMINE-DEFICIENCY; CAYUGA-SYNDROME; TROUT; FISH; ONTARIO; SALAR; EGG AB To assess the extent that early mortality syndrome (EMS) impacts different Pacific salmonid stocks and the association of EMS with thiamine, we collected eggs of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch from three Lake Michigan tributaries (Platte River, Thompson Creek, and Root River) in 1996-2001. We also obtained eggs of Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha from Lake Michigan (Little Manistee River) and Lake Huron (Swan River) in 1998-2001. Unfertilized eggs from individual females were frozen for thiamine analysis, and the remainder were fertilized and reared until first feeding. We observed a high incidence of EMS in offspring when total egg thiamine levels were less than 1.7 nmol/g in both coho and Chinook salmon. In Lake Michigan strain coho salmon from the Platte River, EMS occurred in more than 70% of monitored families in 1996, 1999, 2000, and 2001, while 1997 and 1998 were years when EMS was low (< 25%). Hinchenbrooke strain coho salmon from Thompson Creek exhibited greater impacts from EMS in the years when EMS was low in the Lake Michigan strain coho salmon from the Platte River. Similar to coho salmon, Lake Michigan Chinook salmon also exhibited EMS (> 70%) in 1999, 2000, and 2001. Chinook salmon from Lake Huron exhibited high (> 70%) EMS in 2001, moderate (40-60%) EMS in 1999, and low (< 25%) EMS in 1998. Our data suggest that the incidence of EMS in salmonids varies by species, location, and year. The data support the general contention that EMS in salmonids is associated with low egg thiamine content. C1 Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wolf Lake State Fish Hatchery, Mattawan, MI 49071 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Brown, SB (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM scott.brown@ec.gc.ca NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1577/H03-077.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 928FR UT WOS:000229257200008 ER PT J AU Wright, GM Brown, SB Brown, LR Moore, K Villella, M Zajicek, JL Tillitt, DE Fitzsimons, JD Honeyfield, DC AF Wright, GM Brown, SB Brown, LR Moore, K Villella, M Zajicek, JL Tillitt, DE Fitzsimons, JD Honeyfield, DC TI Effect of sample handling on thiamine and thiaminolytic activity in alewife SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Mortality Syndrome CY MAY, 2001 CL Washington, DC ID FISH-TISSUES; MICHIGAN AB Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus were collected to evaluate handling and processing conditions that may affect the measurement of their thiamine-thiaminase content. Fish were captured by otter trawl, and reference samples of live fish were quick-frozen on dry ice immediately following capture. Other samples were placed on wet ice (4 degrees C) or held in ambient lake water (21.5 degrees C) for periods of up to 5 It before freezing. Total thiamine levels for reference samples averaged 26 nmol/g and consisted of 66, 15, and 19% thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), thiamine monophosphate (TMP), and unphosphorylated thiamine (Th), respectively. After 120 min at either 4 degrees C or 21.5 degrees C, total thiamine concentrations were lower. At 21.5 degrees C, the TPP proportion had decreased by 30 min and the proportion as Th increased after 60 min. In the groups sampled after 5 h, total thiamine concentrations were not altered but the proportion of TPP was lower and that of Th was higher than in reference samples. The stability of thiamine in thawed muscle samples from previously frozen alewives was poor (40% loss by 1 h at 22 degrees C and 30% loss by 2 h at 4 degrees C). Thiaminase activity averaged 5,975pmol.g wet weight(-1).min(-1) in reference samples. In fresh-caught alewives, thiaminase activities were remarkably consistent throughout the sampling period. At 4 degrees C, thiaminase activity in muscle tissue from previously frozen alewives was stable for the entire investigation period. At 25 degrees C, the activity initially increased by 40% after 60 min but then decreased to 50% of initial value after 5 h. We conclude that sampling times greater than 25 min could cause some changes in the various thiamine forms and net loss in total thiamine. The thiamine content in previously frozen alewife samples is highly labile, requiring low temperatures during processing for analysis. C1 Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Hessel, MI 49745 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Brown, SB (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM scott.brown@ec.gc.ca NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1577/H03-074.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 928FR UT WOS:000229257200009 ER PT J AU Zajicek, JL Tillitt, DE Honeyfield, DC Brown, SB Fitzsimons, JD AF Zajicek, JL Tillitt, DE Honeyfield, DC Brown, SB Fitzsimons, JD TI Method for measuring total thiaminase activity in fish tissues SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Mortality Syndrome CY MAY, 2001 CL Washington, DC ID BACILLUS-THIAMINOLYTICUS; CARRIER PROTEIN; EGG THIAMINE; LAKES; INACTIVATION; PURIFICATION; ENZYME AB An accurate, quantitative, and rapid method for the measurement of thiaminase activity in fish samples is required to provide sufficient information to characterize the role of dietary thiaminase in the onset of thiamine deficiency in Great Lakes salmonines. A radiometric method that uses C-14-thiamine was optimized for substrate and co-substrate (nicotinic acid) concentrations, incubation time, and sample dilution. Total thiaminase activity was successfully determined in extracts of selected Great Lakes fishes and invertebrates. Samples included whole-body and selected tissues of forage fishes. Positive control material prepared from frozen alewives Alosa pseudoharengus collected in Lake Michigan enhanced the development and application of the method. The method allowed improved discrimination of thiaminolytic activity among forage fish species and their tissues. The temperature dependence of the thiaminase activity observed in crude extracts of Lake Michigan alewives followed a Q(10) = 2 relationship for the 1-37 degrees C temperature range, which is consistent with the bacterial-derived thiaminase I protein. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Zajicek, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jzajicek@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 82 EP 94 DI 10.1577/H03-083.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 928FR UT WOS:000229257200010 ER PT J AU Zajicek, JL Tillitt, DE Brown, SB Brown, LR Honeyfield, DC Fitzsimons, JD AF Zajicek, JL Tillitt, DE Brown, SB Brown, LR Honeyfield, DC Fitzsimons, JD TI A rapid solid-phase ektraction fluorometric method for thiamine and riboflavin in salmonid eggs SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Mortality Syndrome CY MAY, 2001 CL Washington, DC ID VITAMIN; ENZYMES; FOODS AB A new method has been developed and successfully applied to the selective measurement of thiamine (nonphosphorylated), total thiamine (sum of thiamine, thiamine monophosphate [TMP], thiamine diphosphate [TDP], and thiamine triphosphate [TTP]), and potentially interfering riboflavin in acidic (2% trichloroacetic acid) extracts of selected salmonid and walleye egg samples: Acidic extracts of eggs were applied directly to end-capped C-18, reversed-phase solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns and separated into three fractions by elation with mixtures of PO4 buffer (pH 2), methanol (10%), and acetonitrile (20%). All thiamine compounds recovered in the first two fractions were oxidized to their corresponding thiochromes with alkaline potassium hexacyanoferrate, and we measured the thiochrome fluorescence (excitation at 360 nm, emission at 460 nm) in a 96-well microplate reader. Riboflavin, recovered in third fraction (eluted with pH 2, 20% acetonitrile), was analyzed directly by measuring the fluorescence of this fraction (excitation at 450 nm, emission at 530 nm). Significant portions of the phosphate esters of thiamine (TMP, TDP, and presumably TTP), when present at low concentrations (< 10 nmol of total-thiamine per gram of egg), were not retained by the 100-mg SPE column, and were collected directly during sample-loading and in a subsequent phosphoric acid rinse as fraction 1. Free thiamine (nonphosphorylated) and remaining portions of the TDP and TMP were then eluted in the second fraction with 10% methanol/PO4 buffer, whereas the un-ionized, relatively nonpolar riboflavin was eluted in the third fraction with 20% acetonitrile. This new method uses a traditional sample homogenization of egg tissue to extract thiamine compounds into 2% trichlororacetic acid solution; an inexpensive, commercially available SPE column; small amounts of sample (0.5-1g); microliter volumes of solvents per sample; a traditional, relatively nonhazardous, oxidation of thiamine compounds to fluorescent thiochromes; and an ultraviolet-visible-wavelength-filter fluorometer for the measurements. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Zajicek, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jzajicek@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1577/H03-079.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 928FR UT WOS:000229257200011 ER PT J AU Brown, SB Brown, LR Brown, M Moore, K Villella, M Fitzsimons, JD Williston, B Honeyfield, DC Hinterkopf, JP Tillitt, DE Zajicek, JL Wolgamood, M AF Brown, SB Brown, LR Brown, M Moore, K Villella, M Fitzsimons, JD Williston, B Honeyfield, DC Hinterkopf, JP Tillitt, DE Zajicek, JL Wolgamood, M TI Effectiveness of egg immersion in aqueous solutions of thiamine and thiamine analogs for reducing early mortality syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Mortality Syndrome CY MAY, 2001 CL Washington, DC ID ONTARIO LAKE TROUT; SWIM-UP SYNDROME; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Protocols used for therapeutic thiamine treatments in salmonine early mortality syndrome (EMS) were investigated in lake trout Salvelinus namaycush and coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch to assess their efficacy. At least 500 mg of thiamine HCl/L added to egg baths was required to produce a sustained elevation of thiamine content in lake trout eggs. Thiamine uptake from eg. baths was not influenced by a pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.5 or by a water hardness between 2 and 200 mg CaCO3/L. There was poorer thiamine uptake when initial thiamine levels were low, suggesting that current treatment regimes may not be as effective when thiamine levels are severely depressed and that higher treatment doses are necessary. Exposure of eggs to the more lipid-soluble thiamine analog allithiamine (1,000 mg/L) during water hardening increased egg thiamine levels by 1.5-2.5 nmol/g and was completely effective at reversing EMS. Another more lipid-soluble thiamine analog, benfotiamine (100 mg/L), reduced EMS but did not produce detectable increases in egg thiamine content. Although benfotiamine may be more effective than thiamine at mitigating EMS, it is more expensive than thiamine HCl or allithiamine. In addition, there still needs to be a more thorough examination of dose-response relationships. We conclude that allithiamine is an alternative to the use of thiamine in egg baths as a therapeutic treatment for salmonid EMS. C1 Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wolf Lake State Fish Hatchery, Mattawan, MI 49071 USA. RP Brown, SB (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM scott.brown@ec.gc.ca NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 106 EP 112 DI 10.1577/H03-075.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 928FR UT WOS:000229257200012 ER PT J AU Brown, SB Fitzsimons, JD Honeyfield, DC Tillitt, DE AF Brown, SB Fitzsimons, JD Honeyfield, DC Tillitt, DE TI Implications of thiamine deficiency in Great Lakes Salmonines SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Mortality Syndrome CY MAY, 2001 CL Washington, DC ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; YOLK-SAC-FRY; ATLANTIC SALMON; BALTIC SALMON; M74 SYNDROME; CAYUGA-SYNDROME; ESTABLISHING CAUSALITY; TRANSKETOLASE ACTIVITY; DIETARY AMPROLIUM AB Our recent experimental work and ecoepizootiological assessments provide mechanistic data supporting a plausible hypothesis for an association between a prey base comprised of a large biomass of normative alewives Alosa pseudoharengus and the recruitment difficulties currently experienced by Great Lakes salmonines. We hypothesize that the thiamine deficiency induced by alewives, a species harboring high thiaminase activity, represents an ongoing cause of fry and adult mortality in salmonines. Overall ramifications of the thiamine deficiency on recruitment have not been firmly established but may represent a substantial bottleneck for natural recruitment in feral salmonine populations in the Great Lakes. C1 Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bayfield Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Brown, SB (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM scott.brown@ec.gc.ca NR 72 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1577/H04-015.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 928FR UT WOS:000229257200013 ER PT J AU Reimnitz, E AF Reimnitz, E TI Dinkum Sands - a recently foundered Arctic island SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ice pile-ups; ice-regime; sediment/ice content; barrier islands; shoals; submerged lands act; land ownership; Supreme Court AB Dinkum Sands was mapped in 1949 as a small island, one link in a 95-km-long chain of barrier islands near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Questions about its status as an Arctic island and the submerged land ownership led to a Federal/State joint monitoring program using topographic surveys, tide gauges, and other approaches. On the basis of the results me Court concluded that Dinkum Sands is a shoal rather than an island. The shoal attracts the yearly formation of pressure ridges at least as high as 15 in and undergoes drastic changes in location, shape, and elevation. Pressure ridges form from 10-cm-thick new ice when shifting and compression result in crumbling and the introduction of ice slabs into the sandy gravel shoal. This leads to a seasonal increase in shoal volume and height. With summer warming and sea-ice melting, part of the ice in the crest of the shoal (&SIM; 50%) melts and its height accordingly drops to below sea level. This lowering requires neither wave action nor lateral sediment transport. The original disappearance of the island in the 1950s, however, probably was not caused by diminished sediment supply from rivers or from coastal erosion, but by diminished local sediment supply through ice pile-ups or by increased erosion from wave attack. Similar changes in sediment volume as those observed in Dinkum Sands probably also occur on fully submerged shoals ranging to water depths of 20 or more meters, which are also marked by seasonal pressure ridge formation. C1 US Geol Survey, El Granada, CA 94018 USA. RP Reimnitz, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 2782, El Granada, CA 94018 USA. EM ereimnitz@earthlink.ne NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 274 EP 280 DI 10.2112/04-0167.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 922MU UT WOS:000228842800006 ER PT J AU Penland, S Connor, PF Beall, A Fearnley, S Williams, SJ AF Penland, S Connor, PF Beall, A Fearnley, S Williams, SJ TI Changes in Louisiana's shoreline: 1855-2002 SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Louisiana; barrier islands; coastal restoration; shoreline change; erosion; Mississippi river delta; erosional headland; jetties; dunes; seawall; breakwaters; beach nourishment ID DELTA PLAIN; SYSTEMS AB Louisiana's Gulf shoreline is rapidly eroding. Over the last century, the rate of erosion has progressively increased, threatening the health of coastal Louisiana. In order to provide a basis for planning the restoration of Louisiana's Gulf shoreline, this LCA article reviews previous erosion studies and provides an assessment of shoreline change. Using historical maps and aerial photography, the patterns and rates of shoreline change are mapped. The Gulf shoreline is divided into 31 reaches based on the geomorphology, change trends, existence of man-made structures, and/or a combination of these factors. The average rate of long-term (greater than 100 years) shoreline change is - 19.9 ft/y. The average short-term (less than 30 years) rate of shoreline change is - 30.9 ft/y. The highest rates of erosion are found in the erosional shadows of hard coastal structures, such as navigation jetties, seawalls, and breakwaters. Beach nourishment, dune construction, and backbarrier marsh creation are the only project types that have built new land and reversed Gulf shoreline erosion. C1 Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Louisiana Dept Nat Resources, Coastal Restorat Div, Baton Rouge, LA 70804 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, CERM Bldg,Suite 349,Res & Technol Pk,2000 Lakesho, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM spenland@uno.edu NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2005 SI 44 BP 7 EP 39 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 948KU UT WOS:000230715500004 ER PT J AU Kulp, M Penland, S Williams, SJ Jenkins, C Flocks, J Kindinger, J AF Kulp, M Penland, S Williams, SJ Jenkins, C Flocks, J Kindinger, J TI Geologic framework, evolution, and sediment resources for restoration of the Louisiana coastal zone SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mississippi River Delta; coastal restoration; shoreline replenishment; borrow material ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; DYNAMIC CHANGES; SHELF; PLAIN; STRATIGRAPHY; SAND AB The Louisiana Coastal Zone along the north-central Gulf of Mexico represents one of America's most important coastal ecosystems in terms of natural resources, human infrastructure, and cultural heritage, This zone also has the highest rates of coastal erosion and wetland loss in the nation because of a complex combination of natural processes and anthropogenic activities during the past century. In response to the dramatic land loss, regional-scale restoration plans are being developed through a partnership of federal and state agencies. One objective is to maintain the barrier island and tidal inlet systems, thereby reducing the impact of storm surge and interior wetland loss, Proposed shore. line restoration work relies primarily upon the use of large volumes of sand-rich sediment for shoreline stabilization and the implementation of the shoreline projects. Although sand-rich sediment is required for the Louisiana restoration projects, it is of limited availability within the generally clay to silt-rich, shallow strata of the Louisiana Coastal Zone. Locating volumetrically significant quantities of sand-rich sediment presents a challenge and requires detailed field investigations using direct sampling and geophysical sensing methods, Consequently, there is a fundamental need to thoroughly understand and map the distribution and textural character sandiness) of sediment resources within the Coastal Zone for the most cost-effective design and completion of restoration projects. C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Kulp, M (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM mkulp@uno.edu NR 82 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2005 SI 44 BP 56 EP 71 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 948KU UT WOS:000230715500006 ER PT J AU Gray, SC Hein, JR AF Gray, SC Hein, JR TI Lagoonal reef accretion and Holocene sea-level history from three atolls in the Cook Islands, Central South Pacific SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE reef growth; accretion rates; C-14 ages ID GREAT BARRIER-REEF; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; WESTERN PACIFIC; TUAMOTU ISLANDS; AUSTRAL ISLANDS; HUON PENINSULA; INDIAN-OCEAN; CORAL; GROWTH AB Radiocarbon ages of corals from cores collected at nine drill sites in the lagoons of three atolls (Pukapuka, Rakahanga, Altutaki, Cook Islands) provide a history of lagoon sedimentation in response to Holocene sea-level rise and stabilization. Holocene lagoonal reefs were established between 8700 and 7800 years B.P. on 130,000-200,000 year-old reef platforms that are presently 7 to 22 m below the floor of the lagoons. Comparison of radiocarbon ages of the deepest corals to published sea-level curves indicate that Holocene reefs colonized these substrates rapidly (= 150 mm carapace length (coefficient of variation = 41.5%) on the monument. Stratification by habitat type (steep topography with boulders, incised washes, or neither of these components) improved precision slightly (37.2%). Detection probability contributed least to density variance, compared to encounter rate and tortoise detectability on the transect line, indicating that assumptions of the technique were met during sampling. We found tortoises or their sign on 92% of transects in boulder habitat, on 71% that included incised washes, and on 25% in habitat with neither of these features (up to 1.7 km away from the nearest slope). Our results indicate that Desert Tortoises in the Sonoran Desert occur at low density, but are not absent, from intermountain valleys, and the maintenance of these valleys for tortoise movement between local populations may be important for long-term population viability. With this in mind, concentrating survey effort in areas with steep topography and boulders will increase tortoise encounter rate, result in better precision of regional density and trend estimates, and may also reduce survey effort. C1 Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Nongame Branch, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Averill-Murray, RC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1340 Financial Blvd,234, Reno, NV 89502 USA. EM roy_averill-murray@fws.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2005)039[0065:REODAH]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 912BX UT WOS:000228053200008 ER PT J AU Stark, RC Fox, SF Leslie, DM AF Stark, RC Fox, SF Leslie, DM TI Male Texas Horned Lizards increase daily movements and area covered in spring: A mate searching strategy? SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHRYNOSOMA-CORNUTUM; HOME RANGES; POPULATION; PREY AB Texas Horned Lizards, Phrynosoma cornutum, were tracked using fluorescent powder to determine exact daily movements. Daily linear movements and daily space use were compared between adult males and females. Lizards that traveled the greatest linear distances also covered the largest areas. In Oklahoma, adults emerge from hibernation in late April and early May and mate soon afterward. Males traveled significantly greater distances (and covered significantly larger areas in a day) than females in May but not after May. We propose that males move more and cover more area than females early in the mating season to intercept receptive females. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Res Div, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Stark, RC (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM richard_stark@fws.gov; foxstan@okstate.edn; cleslie@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2005)039[0168:MTHLID]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 912BX UT WOS:000228053200026 ER PT J AU Quinn, MJ French, JB McNabb, FMA Ottinger, MA AF Quinn, MJ French, JB McNabb, FMA Ottinger, MA TI The role of thyroxine on the production of plumage in the American Kestrel (Falco sparterius) SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE American Kestrel; Falco sparverius; thyroxine; plumage; feather moll ID THYROID-HORMONES; MOLT; DIETARY; SURVIVAL; QUALITY; GROWTH C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Quinn, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mquinn@umd.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 84 EP 88 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 927SU UT WOS:000229221600012 ER PT J AU Livezey, KB AF Livezey, KB TI Iverson (2004) on Spotted Owls and Barred Owls: Comments on methods and conclusion SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP Livezey, KB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. EM kent_livezey@fws.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 102 EP 103 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 927SU UT WOS:000229221600017 ER PT J AU Greene, TJ Carroll, AR Wartes, M Graham, SA Wooden, JL AF Greene, TJ Carroll, AR Wartes, M Graham, SA Wooden, JL TI Integrated provenance analysis of a complex orogenic terrane: Mesozoic uplift of the Bogda Shan and inception of the Turpan-Hami Basin, NW China SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID PALEOZOIC TECTONIC AMALGAMATION; JURASSIC COAL MEASURES; WEST JUNGGAR REGION; NORTHWEST CHINA; CENTRAL-ASIA; SEDIMENTARY RECORD; TIEN-SHAN; SOUTHERN JUNGGAR; PLATE-TECTONICS; TIAN-SHAN AB We employ petrographic and advanced geochemical techniques to better document the evolution of the Turpan-Hami basin based on the unique geologic histories of the are terranes that served as potential sources of Turpan-Hami deposits. First, a provenance study of Permian through Cretaceous sandstone of the Turpan-Hami basin reveals temporal and spatial changes in dominant source terranes that provided detritus to the basin. Volcanic-lithic-rich Upper Permian sandstone (mean Qm(19)F(18)Lt(63); Qp(7)Lvm(89)Lsm(4); QM(48)P(39)K(13)) followed by more quartzose compositions in Triassic sandstone (mean Qm(41)F(19)Lt(40;) Qp(20)Lvm(75)Lsm(5); Qm(68)P(21)K(11)) indicate progressive unroofing of the extinct northern and central Tian Shan arc terranes to the south of Turpan-Hami. A sharp change to sedimentary-lithic-rich Lower Jurassic sandstone (mean Qm(47)F(16)Lt(37); Qp(16)Lvm(42)Lsm(42); Qm(75)P(12)K(13)) overlain by a return to volcanic-lithic-rich Middle Jurassic sandstone (mean Qm(39)F(21)Lt(40); Qp(14)Lvm(51)Lsm(35); Qm(65)P(21)K(14)) points to the initial uplift and unroofing of the largely andesitic Bogda Shan to the north, which first shed its sedimentary cover as it emerged to become the partition between the Turpan-Hami and southern Junggar basins. Second, geochronological, trace-element, and Sm-Nd isotopic variations among granitoids in the late Paleozoic Tian Shan orogenic belt provide a further test of Mesozoic uplift of the Bogda Shan. On the basis of previous models of crustal compositions throughout the South, Central, and North Tian Shan, Bogda Shan, and East and West Junggar terranes, we infer that isotopically enriched granitic cobbles (average epsilonNd(i) = -0.50, n = 6) contained in Lower Triassic deposits in the north-central Turpan-Hami basin were derived from the continental crustal Central Tian Shan terrane, south of Turpan-Hami, and not from the more oceanic North Tian Shan, Bogda Shan, and East and West Junggar terranes, north of the Turpan-Hami basin. We therefore infer that the ancestral Bogda Shan had not been uplifted by the Early Triassic, and that prior to this time, a unified Junggar-Turpan-Hami basin existed during Late Permian deposition of extensive lacustrine deposits. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Greene, TJ (reprint author), Anadarko Petroleum Corp, 1201 Lake Robbins Dr, The Woodlands, TX 77380 USA. RI Carroll, Alan/E-4546-2011; OI Wartes, Marwan/0000-0002-0194-9256 NR 109 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 20 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 75 IS 2 BP 251 EP 267 DI 10.2110/jst.2005.019 PG 17 WC Geology SC Geology GA 898SR UT WOS:000227097000008 ER PT J AU Samuel, Y Morreale, SJ Clark, CW Greene, CH Richmond, ME AF Samuel, Y Morreale, SJ Clark, CW Greene, CH Richmond, ME TI Underwater, low-frequency noise in a coastal sea turtle habitat SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WHALE-WATCHING BOATS; CARETTA-CARETTA; ORCINUS-ORCA; SOUND; RESPONSES; FISH; BEHAVIOR; PACIFIC AB Underwater sound was recorded in one of the major coastal foraging areas for juvenile sea turtles in the Peconic Bay Estuary system in Long Island, New York. The recording season of the underwater environment coincided with the sea turtle activity season in an inshore area where there is considerable boating and recreational activity, especially, during the summer between Independence Day and Labor Day. Within the range of sea turtle hearing, average noise pressure reached 110 dB during periods of high human activity and diminished proportionally, down to 80 dB, with decreasing human presence. Therefore, during much of the season when sea turtles are actively foraging in New York waters, their coastal habitats are flooded with underwater noise. During the period of highest human activity, average noise pressures within the range of frequencies heard by sea turtles were greater by over two orders of magnitude (26 dB) than during the lowest period of human activity. Sea turtles undoubtedly are exposed to high levels of noise, most of which is anthropogenic. Results suggest that continued exposure to existing high levels of pervasive anthropogenic noise in vital sea turtle habitats and any increase in noise could affect sea turtle behavior and ecology. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ocean Resources & Ecosyst Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, USGS, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Samuel, Y (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ocean Resources & Ecosyst Program, Snee Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ys88@cornell.edu NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 37 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 3 BP 1465 EP 1472 DI 10.1121/1.1847993 PN 1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 905NF UT WOS:000227574700047 PM 15807034 ER PT J AU Bartsch, MR Bartsch, LA Gutreuter, S AF Bartsch, MR Bartsch, LA Gutreuter, S TI Strong effects of predation by fishes on an invasive macroinvertebrate in a large floodplain river SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE predation; fish; zebra mussel; Mississippi River; mortality; Long Term Resource Monitoring Program ID MUSSELS DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; EXOTIC ZEBRA MUSSELS; DIVING DUCKS; FOOD WEBS; TOP-DOWN; CRAYFISH; STREAM; PREY; ZOOPLANKTON; MISSISSIPPI AB We assessed the effects of fish predation on zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in Navigation Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River from 13 May to 5 October, 1998. Concrete-block samplers were deployed at 18 randomly chosen sites in the main-channel border, with 6 sites in the upper, middle, and lower segments of the pool. Two blocks, 1 of which was enclosed in a cage to exclude large predatory fishes, were deployed at each site. After 145 d, blocks were retrieved from 12 of the 18 sites, and zebra mussels were found on all blocks. Densities of zebra mussels were higher on caged blocks than uncaged blocks, and the magnitudes of the differences varied spatially. Mean mussel densities on uncaged blocks were reduced by 66%, 86%, and 20% compared to caged blocks in the upper, middle, and lower pool segments, respectively, over the 145-d interval. Mean daily instantaneous zebra mussel mortality rates from large predators ranged from 0.0016 to 0.0138. Similarly, biomass of zebra mussels was higher on caged than uncaged blocks. Mean mussel biomass on uncaged blocks was reduced by 64% pool-wide, relative to biomass on caged blocks. Zebra mussels were consumed by at least 6 fish taxa including redhorse stickers (Moxostoma spp.), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), quillback carpsucker (Carpiodes cyprinus), flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), and freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens). Fish predation had an important moderating effect on zebra mussel demography in Pool 8. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Bartsch, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM mbartsch@usgs.gov; lbartsch@usgs.gov; sgutreuter@usgs.gov OI Bartsch, Michelle/0000-0002-9571-5564 NR 36 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 27 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 168 EP 177 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2005)024<0168:SEOPBF>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 899MZ UT WOS:000227149900012 ER PT J AU Rolland, JB Bouchard, D Coll, J Winton, JR AF Rolland, JB Bouchard, D Coll, J Winton, JR TI Combined use of the ASK and SHK-1 cell lines to enhance the detection of infectious salmon anemia virus SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon kidney; Atlantic salmon; fish cell culture; infectious salmon anemia virus; orthomyxovirus; salmon head kidney 1 ID ATLANTIC SALMON; CHSE-214 CELLS; ISAV; KIDNEY; SALAR AB Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) is a severe disease primarily affecting commercially farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in seawater. The disease has been reported in portions of Canada, the United Kingdom, the Faroe Islands, and the United States. Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), the causative agent of ISA, has also been isolated from several asymptomatic marine and salmonid fish species. Diagnostic assays for the detection of ISAV include virus isolation in cell culture, a reverse transcriptase-PCR, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Virus isolation is considered the gold standard, and 5 salmonid cell lines are known to support growth of ISAV. In this study, the relative performance of the salmon head kidney I (SHK-1), Atlantic salmon kidney (ASK), and CHSE-214 cell lines in detecting ISAV was evaluated using samples from both experimentally and naturally infected Atlantic salmon. Interlaboratory comparisons were conducted using a quality control-quality assurance ring test. Both the ASK and SHK-1 cell lines performed well in detecting ISAV, although the SHK-1 line was more variable in its sensitivity to infection and somewhat slower in the appearance of cytopathic effect. Relative to the SHK-1 and ASK lines, the CHSE-214 cell line performed poorly. Although the ASK line appeared to represent a good alternative to the more commonly used SHK-1 line, use of a single cell line for diagnostic assays may increase the potential for false-negative results. Thus, the SHK-1 and ASK cell lines can be used in combination to provide enhanced ability to detect ISAV. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. Micro Technol Inc, Richmond, ME 04357 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar Fish Hlth Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rolland, JB (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, 4700 River Rd,Unit 46, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 2 BP 151 EP 157 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 912CS UT WOS:000228055300009 PM 15825496 ER PT J AU Flug, M Campbell, SG AF Flug, M Campbell, SG TI Drought allocations using the systems impact assessment model: Klamath River SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Water supply and allocation scenarios for the Klamath River, Ore. and Calif., were evaluated using the Systems Impact Assessment Model (SLAM), a decision support system developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. SIAM is a set of models with a graphical user interface that simulates water supply and delivery in a managed river system, water quality, and fish production. Simulation results are presented for drought conditions, one aspect of Klamath River water operations. The Klamath River Basin has experienced critically dry conditions in 1992, 1994, and 2001. Drought simulations are useful to estimate the impacts of specific legal or institutional flow constraints. In addition, simulations help to identify potential adverse water quality consequences including evaluating the potential for reducing adverse temperature impacts on anadromous fish. In all drought simulations, water supply was insufficient to fully meet upstream and downstream targets for endangered species. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, FORT, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Flug, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, FORT, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM marshall_flug@usgs.gov; sharon_g_campbell@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 131 IS 2 BP 110 EP 115 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2005)131:2(110) PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 898VH UT WOS:000227103800005 ER PT J AU Hall, PB Bender, LC Garner, MM AF Hall, PB Bender, LC Garner, MM TI Mycobacteriosis in a black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) caused by Mycobacterium kansasii SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE black-tailed deer; Mycobacterium kansasii; nontuberculous mycobacteria; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus ID BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; MICHIGAN; ANIMALS AB An eviscerated hunter-harvested female black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) was submitted to the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. The deer was emaciated, devoid of adipose tissue, and the parietal surface of the thoracic cavity contained multiple granulomas. Acid-fast bacteria were detected histologically from the granulomas and were isolated and identified as Mycobacterium kansasii, a nontuberculous mycobacterium sporadically reported to cause tuberculosis-like disease in a variety of vertebrates. This was the first report of symptomatic disease caused by M. kansasii in free-ranging deer. This case indicates that atypical mycobacteria can cause tuberculosis-like disease in free-ranging deer and illustrates the importance of identifying causative agents of tuberculosis-like disease in wildlife. C1 US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Mill Creek, WA 98012 USA. NW ZooPath, Monroe, WA 98272 USA. RP Bender, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 30003 MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 BP 115 EP 116 DI 10.1638/04-028 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 928AL UT WOS:000229243400017 PM 17315467 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM Dowsett, HJ Dwyer, GS Baker, PA Chandler, MA AF Cronin, TM Dowsett, HJ Dwyer, GS Baker, PA Chandler, MA TI Mid-pliocene deep-sea bottom-water temperatures based on ostracode Mg/Ca ratios SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE paleoceanography; Pliocene; ostracode shell chemistry; ocean temperature; Mg/Ca ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SEAWATER CHEMISTRY; TRACE-ELEMENT; LATE NEOGENE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; PALEOTEMPERATURE CHANGES; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; CARBONATE MINERALOGY; NONMARINE OSTRACODS AB We studied magnesium: calcium (Mg/Ca) ratios in shells of the deep-sea ostracode genus Krithe from a short interval in the middle Pliocene between 3.29 and 2.97 Ma using deep-sea drilling sites in the North and South Atlantic in order to estimate bottom water temperatures (BWT) during a period of climatic warmth. Results from DSDP and ODP Sites 552A, 610A, 607, 658A, 659A, 661A and 704 for the period Ma reveal both depth and latitudinal gradients of mean Mg/Ca values. Shallower sites (552A, 610A and 607) have higher mean Mg/Ca ratios (10.3, 9.7, 10.1 mmol/mol) than deeper sites (661A, 6.3 mmol/mol), and high latitude North Atlantic sites (552A, 610 and 607) have higher Mg/Ca ratios than low latitude (658A: 9.8 mmol/mol, 659A: 7.7 mmol/mol, 661A: 6.3 mmol/mol) and Southern Ocean (704: 8.0 mmol/mol) sites. Converting Mg/Ca ratios into estimated temperatures using the calibration of Dwyer et al. (1995) [Dwyer, G.S., Cronin, T.M., Baker, P.A., Raymo, M.E., Buzas, J.S., Correge, T., 1995. North Atlantic deepwater temperature change during late Pliocene and late Quaternary climatic cycles. Science 270, 1347-1351] suggests that mean middle Pliocene bottom water temperatures at the study sites in the deep Atlantic were about the same as modem temperatures. However, brief pulses of elevated BWT occurred several times between 3.29 and 2.97 Ma in both the North and South Atlantic Ocean suggesting short-term changes in deep ocean circulation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Columbia Univ, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 93 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 EI 1872-6186 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2004.12.003 PG 13 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 904WY UT WOS:000227530500006 ER PT J AU Muniz-Salazar, R Talbot, SL Sage, GK Ward, DH Cabello-Pasini, A AF Muniz-Salazar, R Talbot, SL Sage, GK Ward, DH Cabello-Pasini, A TI Population genetic structure of annual and perennial populations of Zostera marina L. along the Pacific coast of Baja California and the Gulf of California SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Baja California; eelgrass; microsatellites; population structure; Zostera marina ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; SEED DISPERSAL; CURRENT SYSTEM; NORTH PACIFIC; EELGRASS; FLOW; DIVERGENCE; SPECIATION; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION AB The Baja California peninsula represents a biogeographical boundary contributing to regional differentiation among populations of marine animals. We investigated the genetic characteristics of perennial and annual populations of the marine angiosperm, Zostera marina, along the Pacific coast of Baja California and in the Gulf of California, respectively. Populations of Z. marina from five coastal lagoons along the Pacific coast and four sites in the Gulf of California were studied using nine microsatellite loci. Analyses of variance revealed significant interregional differentiation, but no subregional differentiation. Significant spatial differentiation, assessed using theta(ST) values, was observed among all populations within the two regions. Z. marina populations along the Pacific coast are separated by more than 220 km and had the greatest theta(ST) (0.13-0.28) values, suggesting restricted gene flow. In contrast, lower but still significant genetic differentiation was observed among populations within the Gulf of California (theta(ST) = 0.04-0.18), even though populations are separated by more than 250 km. This suggests higher levels of gene flow among Gulf of California populations relative to Pacific coast populations. Direction of gene flow was predominantly southward among Pacific coast populations, whereas no dominant polarity in the Gulf of California populations was observed. The test for isolation by distance (IBD) showed a significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances in Gulf of California populations, but not in Pacific coast populations, perhaps because of shifts in currents during El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events along the Pacific coast. C1 Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, AP 453, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. EM ramusal@uabc.mx RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 NR 74 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 711 EP 722 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02454.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 899GG UT WOS:000227132300004 PM 15723663 ER PT J AU Callahan, CR Henderson, AP Eackles, MS King, TL AF Callahan, CR Henderson, AP Eackles, MS King, TL TI Microsatellite DNA markers for the study of population structure and dynamics in nutria (Myocastor coypus) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE invasive species; microsatellites; Myocastor coypus; nutria; population structure AB We document the isolation and characterization of 27 microsatellite DNA markers for nutria, or coypu (Myocastor coypus), an invasive rodent introduced to North America as a domestic furbearer. Markers revealed moderate levels of diversity (averaging 5.0 alleles/ locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 46%). Genotypic frequencies at 25 of 27 (93%) markers conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations and no linkage disequilibrium was observed in a M. coypus collection (N = 64) from Maryland, USA. We believe this suite of markers to yield sufficient diversity to resolve patterns of effective migration among subpopulations, breeding structure, and demographics. This information can be instrumental to eradication programs that attempt to prevent recolonization among subpopulations. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tim_king@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 124 EP 126 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00861.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 905VJ UT WOS:000227598500041 ER PT J AU King, TL Eackles, MS Letcher, BH AF King, TL Eackles, MS Letcher, BH TI Microsatellite DNA markers for the study of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) kinship, population structure, and mixed-fishery analyses SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; kinship; microsatellite DNA; mixed fishery; Salmo salar ID LOCI AB Eleven microsatellite DNA loci were identified and characterized for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) collected from the Penobscot River, Maine, USA and the River Nith, Scotland, UK. The markers revealed high levels of genetic diversity (seven to 48 alleles per locus), heterozygosity (to 100%), and allelic heterogeneity (all comparisons). Considerable differentiation was observed as the genetic distance (chord) between the two collections was 0.680 and the pairwise F-ST, 0.12, was highly significant. These findings are consistent with patterns of continental-level differentiation observed previously using an alternate suite of microsatellite loci. Locus-by-locus analyses of molecular variance suggested that most markers were suitable for delineating kinships and population genetic structure. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tim_king@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 130 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00860.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 905VJ UT WOS:000227598500043 ER PT J AU Robinson, TC Bayer, JM AF Robinson, TC Bayer, JM TI Upstream migration of Pacific Lampreys in the John Day River, Oregon: Behavior, timing, and habitat use SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANADROMOUS PARASITIC LAMPREY; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE LAMPREY; GEOTRIA-AUSTRALIS GRAY; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; EXTINCTION; EXERCISE; BIOLOGY; LIFE AB Adult Pacific lamprey migration and habitat preferences for over-winter holding and spawning, and larval rearing in tributaries to the Columbia River are not well understood. The John Day River is one such tributary where larval and adult stages of this species have been documented, and its free-flowing character provided the opportunity to study migration of Pacific lampreys unimpeded by passage constraints. Forty-two adult Pacific lampreys were captured in the John Day River near its mouth during their upstream migration. Pacific lampreys were surgically implanted with radio transmitters and released onsite, and tracked by fixed-site, aerial, and terrestrial telemetry methods for nearly one year. Adults moved upstream exclusively at night, with a mean rate of 11.1 +/- 6.3 km/day. They halted upstream migration by September, and held a single position for approximately six months in the lateral margins of riffles and glides, using boulders for cover. More than half of Pacific lampreys resumed migration in March before ending movement in early May. Pacific lampreys that resumed migration in spring completed a median of 87% of their upstream migration before over-winter holding. Upon completing migration, Pacific lampreys briefly held position before beginning downstream movement at the end of May. Though not directly observed, halting migration and movement downstream were likely the result of spawning and death. Gains in adult Pacific lamprey passage through the Columbia River hydrosystem and tributaries may be made by improvements that would expedite migration during spring and summer and increase the quantity and variety of cover and refuge opportunities. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Robinson, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM craig_robinson@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 2-3 BP 106 EP 119 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995PE UT WOS:000234115500003 ER PT J AU Dong, XP Donoghue, PCJ Repetski, JE AF Dong, XP Donoghue, PCJ Repetski, JE TI Basal tissue structure in the earliest euconodonts: Testing hypotheses of developmental plasticity in euconodont phylogeny SO PALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vertebrate; Conodonta; histology; skeleton; dentine; developmental evolution ID CHORDATE PHYLOGENY; CONODONT ELEMENTS; GROWTH; VERTEBRATES; DENTIN; ENAMEL; ORDOVICIAN; ANATOMY; ORIGIN AB The hypothesis that conodonts are vertebrates rests solely on evidence of soft tissue anatomy. This has been corroborated by microstructural, topological and developmental evidence of homology between conodont and vertebrate hard tissues. However, these conclusions have been reached on the basis of evidence from highly derived euconodont taxa and the degree to which they are representative of plesiomorphic euconodonts remains an open question. Furthermore, the range of variation in tissue types comprising the euconodont basal body has been used to establish a hypothesis of developmental plasticity early in the phylogeny of the clade, and a model of diminishing potentiality in the evolution of development systems. The microstructural fabrics of the basal tissues of the earliest euconodonts (presumed to be the most plesiomorphic) are examined to test these two hypotheses. It is found that the range of microstructural variation observed hitherto was already apparent among plesiomorphic euconodonts. Thus, established histological data are representative of the most plesiomorphic euconodonts. However, although there is evidence of a range in microstructural fabrics, these are compatible with the dentine tissue system alone, and the degree of variation is compatible with that seen in clades of comparable diversity. C1 Peking Univ, Dept Geol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Dong, XP (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Geol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM dongxp@pku.edu.cn; phil.donoghue@bristol.ac.uk; jrepetski@usgs.gov RI Donoghue, Philip/A-3873-2008; Dong, Xi-ping/N-5741-2014; OI Dong, Xi-ping/0000-0001-5917-7159; Donoghue, Philip/0000-0003-3116-7463 NR 47 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-0239 EI 1475-4983 J9 PALAEONTOLOGY JI Paleontology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 48 BP 411 EP 421 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00452.x PN 2 PG 11 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 906NX UT WOS:000227650000013 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A AF Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A TI Leaf optical property changes associated with the occurrence of spartina alterniflora dieback in coastal Louisiana related to remote sensing mapping SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER; INFRARED REFLECTANCE; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; LEAVES; WETLANDS; STRESS; PLANTS AB In order to provide a remote sensing solution that would detect both the initial onset and monitor the early, as well as, the later stages of impact progression, changes in live leaf optical properties were compared along transects spanning impacted coastal Louisiana marsh sites. Green and red edge reflectance trends generally represented the early stages and fairly well the later stages of dieback progression, while blue and red reflectance and absorption trends represented the later stages of marsh impact that were most closely related to visible signs of marsh impact. Leaf reflectance in the near infrared (NIR) was not compatible with visual reflectance trends and did not co-vary with derived indicators of leaf water content, and thereby, water stress. Predicted from reflectance ratios, carotene tended to remain constant or increase relative to chlorophyll following noted changes in stressed plants at the two least impacted sites, while the pigments co-varied at the two most impacted sites. As an operational solution most amenable for satellite remote sensing, the NIR/red ratio followed blue and red reflectance trends while the NIR/green ratio mimicked the green and red edge reflectance trends indicating impact onset and progression, as well as, generally portraying blue and red reflectance trends indicating later stages of impact. The NIR/ green ratio magnitude and range generally increased from the most to least impacted site providing a convenient method to detect dieback onset and monitor dieback progression. This research demonstrated that remote sensing mapping at these sites could offer a more accurate perception of dieback severity distribution than offered by determinations relying on visible indicators of marsh changes. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Johnson Controls Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM elijah-ramsey@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 BP 299 EP 311 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 904EA UT WOS:000227477700006 ER PT J AU Stubbs, MM Pyke, DA AF Stubbs, MM Pyke, DA TI Available nitrogen: A time-based study of manipulated resource islands SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE available nitrogen; juniper; prescribed fire; sagebrush; tree removal ID SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM; SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; FIRE HISTORY; DESERT ECOSYSTEMS; PONDEROSA PINE; BIG SAGEBRUSH; MINERALIZATION; NUTRIENTS; DYNAMICS AB Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of available nitrogen are critical determinants of the distribution and abundance of plants and animals in ecosystems. Evidence for the resource island theory suggests that soils below tree and shrub canopies contain higher amounts of resources, including available nitrogen, than are present in interspace areas. Disturbances, such as prescribed fire and tree removal, are common management practices in shrub-woodland ecosystems, but it is not known if these practices affect resource islands. We examined temporal variation in resource islands of available nitrogen and their retention after fire and woody plant removal. From August 1997 to October 1998, soil nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) were measured monthly from canopy and interspace plots within four juniper-sagebrush sites along a precipitation gradient in central Oregon, USA. At each site, soil samples were collected from untreated plots, plots in which woody plants were removed, and those treated with prescribed fire in fall 1997. In burned treatments, canopy concentrations were significantly higher than interspace concentrations throughout the measurement period. Canopy NO3- and NH4+ concentrations were significantly higher on burned vs. unburned treatments for four months after fire. After woody plant removal, NO3- and NH4+ concentrations did not differ from the controls. Untreated control areas had higher NO3- and NH4+ concentrations under juniper canopies for nearly all months. Wetter sites had smaller differences between canopy and interspace concentrations through time than did the two drier sites. In relation to NO3- and NH4+ in this ecosystem, resource islands appear to be more ephemeral in wetter sites, and more pronounced following fire disturbances than in controls or those treated by woody plant removal. C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pyke, DA (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david_a_pyke@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAR PY 2005 VL 270 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s11104-004-1306-0 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 944AJ UT WOS:000230397000012 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, R Redman, R AF Rodriguez, R Redman, R TI Balancing the generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; LAND PLANTS; ORIGIN; FUNGI C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Rodriguez, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM rusty_rodriguez@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 54 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 9 BP 3175 EP 3176 DI 10.1073/pnas.0500367102 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 903KC UT WOS:000227423700002 PM 15728396 ER PT J AU Argyilan, EP Forman, SL Johnston, JW Wilcox, DA AF Argyilan, EP Forman, SL Johnston, JW Wilcox, DA TI Optically stimulated luminescence dating of late holocene raised strandplain sequences adjacent to Lakes Michigan and Superior, upper peninsula, Michigan, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE optically stimulated luminescence; littoral sediments; great lakes water levels; radiocarbon; beach ridges ID REGENERATIVE-DOSE PROTOCOL; DUNE DEVELOPMENT; BEACH-RIDGE; LEVEL; SEDIMENTS; QUARTZ; BP AB This study evaluates the accuracy of optically stimulated luminescence to date well-preserved strandline sequences at Manistique/ Thompson bay (Lake Michigan), and Tahquamenon and Grand Traverse Bays (Lake Superior) that span the past similar to 4500 yr. The single aliquot regeneration (SAR) method is applied to produce absolute ages for littoral and eolian sediments. SAR ages are compared against AMS and conventional C-14 ages on swale organics. Modern littoral and eolian sediments yield SAR ages < 100 yr indicating near, if not complete, solar resetting of luminescence prior to deposition. Beach ridges that yield SAR ages < 2000 yr show general agreement with corresponding C-14 ages on swale organics. Significant variability in C-14 ages > 2000 cal yr B.P. complicates comparison to SAR ages at all sites. However, a SAR age of 4280 +/- 390 yr (UIC913) on ridge77 at Tahquamenon Bay is consistent with regional regression from the high lake level of the Nipissing II phase ca. 4500 cal yr B.P. SAR ages indicate a decrease in ridge formation rate after similar to 1500 yr ago, likely reflecting separation of Lake Superior from lakes Huron and Michigan. This study shows that SAR is a credible alternative to C-14 methods for dating littoral and eolian landforms in Great Lakes and other coastal strandplains where C-14 methods prove problentatic. (c) 2004 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ NW, Dept Geosci, Gary, IN 46408 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Argyilan, EP (reprint author), Indiana Univ NW, Dept Geosci, 3400 Broadway,Marram 243, Gary, IN 46408 USA. EM eargyila@iun.edu NR 29 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 63 IS 2 BP 122 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2004.12.001 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 905MZ UT WOS:000227574100002 ER PT J AU Mehringer, PJ Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Wollwage, LK Sheets, P AF Mehringer, PJ Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Wollwage, LK Sheets, P TI Age and extent of the Ilopango TBJ tephra inferred from a holocene chronostratigraphic reference Section, lago de yojoa, Honduras SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE central America; tephrochronology; holocene; Ilopango Volcano; El Salvador; TBJ tephra; Chalchuapa; Maya; mesoamerican archaeology; Lago de Yojoa; lake Yojoa volcanic field ID VOLCANISM AB Eruption of central El Salvador's Ilopango Volcano early in the first millennium A.D. caused death, cultural devastation, and exodus of southern Mesoamericans. It also left a time-stratigraphic marker in western El Salvador and adjacent Guatemala-the Ilopango Tierra Blanca Joven, or TBJ tephra. Mineral suites and major element abundances identify a silicic volcanic ash in cores from Lago de Yojoa, Honduras, as Ilopango TBJ. This extends its reported range more than 150 kin to the northeast. Analyses of glass from the TBJ tephra from the Chalchuapa archaeological site, El Salvador, and from Lago de Yojoa, Honduras, establish the first major element reference fingerprint for the TBJ tepbra. The Lago de Yojoa cores also hold two previously undated trachyandesitic tephra layers originating from the nearby Lake Yojoa Volcanic Field. One fell shortly before 11,000 C-14 yr B.P. and the other about 8600 C-14 yr B.P. (c) 2004 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Celestial Horse Ranch, Frenchglen, OR 97736 USA. US Geol Survey, Etphrochronol Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Anthropol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Anthropol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mehringer, PJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM pjmehringer@direeway.com NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 63 IS 2 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2004.09.011 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 905MZ UT WOS:000227574100009 ER PT J AU Seltzer, MD Berry, KH AF Seltzer, MD Berry, KH TI Laser ablation ICP-MS profiling and semiquantitative determination of trace element concentrations in desert tortoise shells: documenting the uptake of elemental toxicants SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE laser ablation; ICP-MS; desert tortoise; trace elements; zinc; arsenic ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MULTIELEMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; HUMAN HAIR; CALIFORNIA; TEETH; NAILS; CARBONATES; EXPOSURE; METALS AB The outer keratin layer (scute) of desert tortoise shells consists of incrementally grown laminae in which various bioaccumulated trace elements are sequestered during scute deposition. Laser ablation ICP-MS examination of laminae in scutes of dead tortoises revealed patterns of trace elemental distribution from which the chronology of elemental uptake can be inferred. These patterns may be of pathologic significance in the case of elemental toxicants such as arsenic, which has been linked to both shell and respiratory diseases. Laser ablation transects, performed along the lateral surfaces of sectioned scutes, offered the most successful means of avoiding exogenous contamination that was present on the scute exterior. Semiquantitative determination of elemental concentrations was achieved using sulfur, a keratin matrix element, as an internal standard. The results presented here highlight the potential of laser ablation ICP-MS as a diagnostic tool for investigating toxic element uptake as it pertains to tortoise morbidity and mortality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Box Springs Field Stn, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA. RP Seltzer, MD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Code 4T4230D,1900 N Knox Rd Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM michael.seltzer@navy.mil NR 43 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 339 IS 1-3 BP 253 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.07.027 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910FK UT WOS:000227915700020 PM 15740773 ER PT J AU Dewey, JW Bolton, H AF Dewey, JW Bolton, H TI Identifying and saving seismology's heirlooms SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Dewey, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr MS 966, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dewey@usgs.gov; botton@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 2 BP 135 EP 136 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 911ST UT WOS:000228025800001 ER PT J AU Field, EH Gupta, N Gupta, V Blanpied, M Maechling, P Jordan, TH AF Field, EH Gupta, N Gupta, V Blanpied, M Maechling, P Jordan, TH TI Hazard calculations for the WGCEP-2002 earthquake forecast using OpenSHA and distributed object technologies SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Univ So Calif, So Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Field, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM field@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 2 BP 161 EP 167 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 911ST UT WOS:000228025800004 ER PT J AU Dixon, JP Power, JA Stihler, SD AF Dixon, JP Power, JA Stihler, SD TI A comparison of seismic event detection with IASPEI and earthworm acquisition systems at Alaskan volcanoes SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 USGS, Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USGS, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Dixon, JP (reprint author), USGS, Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jpdixon@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 2 BP 168 EP 176 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 911ST UT WOS:000228025800005 ER PT J AU Maechling, P Gupta, V Gupta, N Field, EH Okaya, D Jordan, TH AF Maechling, P Gupta, V Gupta, N Field, EH Okaya, D Jordan, TH TI Seismic hazard analysis using distributed computing in the SCEC Community Modeling Environment SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ So Calif, So Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Maechling, P (reprint author), Univ So Calif, So Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM maechlin@usc.edu; vgupta@usc.edu; niting@usc.edu; field@usgs.gov; okaya@usc.edu; tjordan@usc.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 2 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 911ST UT WOS:000228025800007 ER PT J AU Nimmo, JR Landa, ER AF Nimmo, JR Landa, ER TI The soil physics contributions of Edgar Buckingham SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL WATER-CONTENT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PARAMETRIC MODELS; IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS; CONSISTENT SET; 2-PHASE FLOW; POROUS-MEDIA; SUBSURFACE; EQUATIONS AB During 1902 to 1906 as a soil physicist at the USDA Bureau of Soils (BOS), Edgar Buckingham originated the concepts of matric potential, soil-water retention curves, specific water capacity, and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) as a distinct property of a soil. He applied a formula equivalent to Darcy's law (though without specific mention of Darcy's work) to unsaturated flow. He also contributed significant research on quasi-empirical formulas for K as a function of water content, water flow in capillary crevices and in thin films, and scaling. Buckingham's work on gas flow in soils produced paradigms that are consistent with our current understanding. His work on evaporation elucidated the concept of self-mulching and produced sound and sometimes paradoxical generalizations concerning conditions that favor or retard evaporation. Largely overshadowing those achievements, however, is that he launched a theory, still accepted today, that could predict transient water content as a function of time and space. Recently discovered documents reveal some of the arguments Buckingham had with BOS officials, including the text of a two-paragraph conclusion of his famous 1907 report on soil water, and the official letter documenting rejection of that text. Strained interpersonal relations motivated the departure of Buckingham and other brilliant physicists (N.E. Dorsey, F.H. King, and Lyman Briggs) from the BOS during 1903 to 1906. Given that Buckingham and his BOS colleagues had been rapidly developing the means of quantifying unsaturated flow, these strained relations probably slowed the advancement of unsaturated flow theory. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Nimmo, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-421, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrnimmo@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 328 EP 342 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 908KZ UT WOS:000227787200005 ER PT J AU Riedle, JD Shipman, PA Fox, SF Leslie, DM AF Riedle, JD Shipman, PA Fox, SF Leslie, DM TI Status and distribution of the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys temminckii, in Oklahoma SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Although historic records of the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys temminckii, show a past distribution throughout eastern Oklahoma, little is known about the current status and distribution of this species in the state. In 1997, surveys were initiated to identify extant populations of M. temminckii and assess their relative densities and viability. We surveyed 67 sites in 15 counties, with a total effort of 1,085 net nights. A total of 63 M. temminckii was captured at 11 sites, which are only in the southeastern quarter of the state and occur only in protected or isolated locations. Because of this apparent decrease of the range of this species in Oklahoma and because so few sites exhibited capture rates high enough to suggest possible healthy populations, we conclude that dramatic population declines of M. temminckii have taken place in Oklahoma. Possible reasons for these declines include overharvest and habitat alteration. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, United State Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Riedle, JD (reprint author), Nongame Branch, Arizona Game & Fish Dept, 2221 W Greenway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. EM driedle@azgfd.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050<0079:SADOTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 901PU UT WOS:000227295200012 ER PT J AU Servio, P Eaton, MW Mahajan, D Winters, WJ AF Servio, P Eaton, MW Mahajan, D Winters, WJ TI Fundamental challenges to methane recovery from gas hydrates SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Syntheric Clean Fuels from Natural Gas and Coal-Bed Methane CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY DE gas hydrate; hydrate kinetics; host sediments; methane hydrate; BSR ID DECOMPOSITION; KINETICS; DISSOCIATION; NUCLEATION; WATER AB The growing use of natural gas. cleanest of all available fossils fuels. is already raising concern regarding the long-term supply of this precious resource, The amount of methane in gas hydrates is much greater than all other presently known sources of methane. This paper describes some fundamental challenges, the location. magnitude, and feasibility of recovery, which must be addressed to recover methane from dispersed hydrate sources. For methane recovery, we briefly describe kinetic models of methane hydrate decomposition for temperature and pressure conditions that mimic in situ methane hydrate stability. We also propose the catalytic role of sediment impurities, if any, in inducing nucleation sites for hydrate formation. The availability of plentiful methane is important to avoid future energy crises. such as that which crippled the world economy three decades ago. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Mahajan, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dmahajan@bnl.gov NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s11244-005-2881-x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 933FH UT WOS:000229613800003 ER PT J AU Ruiter, DE Kondratieff, BC Lechleitner, RA Zuellig, RE AF Ruiter, DE Kondratieff, BC Lechleitner, RA Zuellig, RE TI An annotated list of the caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, USA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; LIMNEPHILIDAE; BIOSYSTEMATICS; REVISION AB The caddisflies of Mount Rainier National Park (MRNP), Washington, USA, were surveyed between 1997 and 2004. At least 1,930 specimens from over 250 collections at 163 sites were examined. Based on the current understanding of caddisfly systematics, 108 species were identified. With nine additional species previously reported that we did not confirm, a total of 117 species are now known from MRNP, representing over 50 % of the reported Washington state caddisfly fauna. The collections of the rare brachycentrid, Eobrachycentrus gelidae Wiggins, represent the second and third known records of adults for this species. Six species, Apatania zonella (Zetterstedt), Asynarchus aldinus (Ross), Limnephilus moestus Banks, Polycentropus flavus (Banks), Rhyacophila vobara Milne, and Neophylax occidentis Banks represent new records for the state of Washington. One new species of Polycentropus was discovered. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Managment, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Ruiter, DE (reprint author), 6260 S Grant St, Centennial, CO 80121 USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0002-8320 J9 T AM ENTOMOL SOC JI Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. PD MAR-JUN PY 2005 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 187 PG 29 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 945LA UT WOS:000230502800009 ER PT J AU Connor, WP Sneva, JG Tiffan, KF Steinhorst, RK Ross, D AF Connor, WP Sneva, JG Tiffan, KF Steinhorst, RK Ross, D TI Two alternative juvenile life history types for fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River basin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; FLOW; MIGRATION; MOVEMENT; DAMS AB Fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Snake River basin were listed under the Endangered Species Act in 1992. At the time of listing, it was assumed that fall Chinook salmon juveniles in the Snake River basin adhered strictly to an ocean-type life history characterized by saltwater entry at age 0 and first-year wintering in the ocean. Research showed, however, that some fall Chinook salmon juveniles in the Snake River basin spent their first winter in a reservoir and resumed seaward movement the following spring at age 1 (hereafter, reservoir-type juveniles). We collected wild and hatchery ocean-type fall Chinook salmon juveniles in 1997 and wild and hatchery reservoir-type juveniles in 1998 to assess the condition of the reservoir-type juveniles at the onset of seaward movement. The ocean-type juveniles averaged 112-139 mm fork length, and the reservoir-type juveniles averaged 222-224 mm fork length. The large size of the reservoir-type juveniles suggested a high potential for survival to salt water and subsequent return to freshwater. Scale pattern analyses of the fall Chinook salmon spawners we collected during 19982003 supported this point. Of the spawners sampled, an overall average of 41% of the wild fish and 51% of the hatchery fish had been reservoir-type juveniles. Males that had been reservoir-type juveniles often returned as small "minijacks" (wild, 16% of total; hatchery, 40% of total), but 84% of the wild males, 60% of the hatchery males, and 100% of the wild and hatchery females that had been reservoir-type juveniles returned at ages and fork lengths commonly observed in populations of Chinook salmon. We conclude that fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River basin exhibit two alternative juvenile life histories, namely ocean-type and reservoir-type. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fisheries Resource Off, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. Univ Idaho, Div Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Connor, WP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fisheries Resource Off, POB 18, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. EM william_connor@fws.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 NR 43 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 134 IS 2 BP 291 EP 304 DI 10.1577/T03-131.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 923KN UT WOS:000228908900001 ER PT J AU Bettoli, PW AF Bettoli, PW TI The fundamental thermal niche of adult landlocked striped bass SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEXOMA OKLAHOMA TEXAS; PREFERRED TEMPERATURE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SITE FIDELITY; WATER-QUALITY; FRESH-WATER; RATION SIZE; HABITAT USE; RESERVOIR; SELECTION AB Researchers have described the temperatures selected by landlocked striped bass Morone saxatilis in different locales throughout the USA. However, seasonally low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) in many systems prevented striped bass from using the cool waters (< 22&DEG; C) they may have preferred. In Melton Hill Reservoir, a 92-km-long impoundment on the Clinch River in east Tennessee, 15 adult striped bass were tagged with temperature-sensing radio tags and tracked for an average of 418 d in 1999-2000. Cold, hypolimnetic discharges from an upstream dam and heated discharge from a steam-generating electric facility near the midpoint of this run-of-the-river reservoir provided a broad range of temperatures in most seasons, and hypoxic habitats were uncommon even during stratification. The mean temperature occupied by striped bass varied seasonally (repeated-measures analysis of variance, P < 0.0001) and was highest in summer (17.5&DEG; C), intermediate in spring and fall (15.4-16.9&DEG; C), and lowest in winter (13.0&DEG; C). The mean and modal temperatures occupied during the growing season (May-October 1999) were 17.5&DEG; C and 19.0&DEG; C, respectively; 30% of the observations were between 9&DEG; C and 15&DEG; C. These data indicate that the fundamental thermal niche of adult landlocked striped bass may be lower than literature estimates. These results also represent the first unbiased field estimates of the influence of season on the thermal ecology of adult striped bass. The thermal characteristics of habitats considered optimal in habitat suitability index models for adult landlocked striped bass (i.e., 18-24&DEG; C) should be revised to include cooler waters. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Bettoli, PW (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM pbettoli@tntech.edu NR 43 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 134 IS 2 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1577/T03-204.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 923KN UT WOS:000228908900002 ER PT J AU Hershberger, PK Elder, NE Wittouck, J Stick, K Kocan, RM AF Hershberger, PK Elder, NE Wittouck, J Stick, K Kocan, RM TI Abnormalities in larvae from the once-largest Pacific herring population in Washington State result primarily from factors independent of spawning location SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLUPEA-PALLASI; CRUDE-OIL; FISH; SENSITIVITY; EXPOSURE; AGE AB Among larvae from populations of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii in Washington State, those from Cherry Point have consistently demonstrated abnormalities indicative of distress, including low weights and lengths at hatch, increased prevalences of skeletal abnormalities, and shorter survival times in food deprivation studies. The biomass of adult, prespawn Pacific herring at Cherry Point declined from 13,606 metric tons in 1973 to a record low 733 metric tons in 2000. However, correlation of larval abnormalities with adult recruitment was weak, indicating that the larval abnormalities did not directly cause the decline. Larval abnormalities originated primarily from factors independent of conditions at the spawning location because they were not reproduced by incubation of foreign zygotes along the Cherry Point shoreline but were reproduced after the development of indigenous zygotes in controlled laboratory conditions. Although the precise cause of the abnormalities was not determined, recent zoographic trends in elevated natural mortality among adult Pacific herring and resulting reduced age structures may be involved. C1 US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Conner Dist Off, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 134 IS 2 BP 326 EP 337 DI 10.1577/T03-227.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 923KN UT WOS:000228908900004 ER PT J AU Hanson, SD Curry, RA AF Hanson, SD Curry, RA TI Effects of size structure on trophic interactions between age-0 smallmouth bass and juvenile anadromous alewives SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WEST-POINT-RESERVOIR; FIRST-YEAR GROWTH; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; AESTIVALIS MITCHILL; STABLE-ISOTOPES; AQUATIC INSECTS; CARBON ISOTOPES; GIZZARD SHAD; BODY SIZE AB Age-0 alewives Alosa pseudoharengus may compete for food with age-0 smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, possibly resulting in declines to some smallmouth bass fisheries in the northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada. Such competition could dramatically influence the recruitment of smallmouth bass in this region because they are at their northern limit of distribution and age-0 smallmouth bass must accumulate sufficient lipid reserves to survive the overwinter period. We examined the temporal patterns of diet and isotopes of carbon and nitrogen for age-0 alewives and smallmouth bass in a natural lake and a reservoir where alewife escapement is managed. Multiple alewife spawnings occurred in the lake, and small-bodied alewives were abundant throughout the summer. There was minimal diet overlap, age-0 alewives became a significant component of the age-0 smallmouth bass diet, and age-0 bass grew larger in this system. In the reservoir, escapement of alewife spawners was truncated, and a single-size age-0 cohort was observed. Alewives were similar in size to age-0 smallmouth bass, and by late summer their diets showed some overlap and δC-13 and δN-15 levels were similar. Both predation and the potential for competition existed for these species, and their interactions depended on body size relationships. This is an important consideration in alewife management strategies where coexisting fisheries for smallmouth bass are desired. C1 Univ New Brunswick, New Brunswick Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Canadian Rivers Inst, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada. RP Hanson, SD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. EM dale_hanson@fws.gov NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 134 IS 2 BP 356 EP 368 DI 10.1577/T03-067.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 923KN UT WOS:000228908900007 ER PT J AU Gadomski, DM Parsley, MJ AF Gadomski, DM Parsley, MJ TI Effects of turbidity, light level, and cover on predation of white sturgeon larvae by prickly sculpins SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; PREY; HABITAT; FISH; VULNERABILITY; BEHAVIOR; EGGS; POPULATIONS; SIZE AB White sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus occur in rivers of the western United States and southwestern Canada, but. some populations are in decline because of recruitment failure. Many river systems in this area have been altered as a result of development that has caused major environmental changes. Our goal was to examine how three changes-lower turbidity levels, higher light levels, and altered substrates - might affect predation by prickly sculpin Cottus asper on white sturgeon larvae. We experimentally investigated predation at various turbidity levels and found that significantly more white sturgeon yolk sac larvae were eaten at lower turbidity levels. The effects of light level (1-4 and 7-15 1x), the presence or absence of rocks as cover, and prey size (14-17 mm and 20-24 mm total length) on the outcome of predator-prey interactions were also examined. Significantly fewer white sturgeon were eaten during trials that combined the lowest light level, cover, and the smallest larvae. Our results suggest that altered river conditions caused by impoundment and other factors have increased predation on white sturgeon larvae. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Gadomski, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM dena_gadomski@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 134 IS 2 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1577/T03-213.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 923KN UT WOS:000228908900008 ER PT J AU King, TL Eackles, MS Spidle, AP Brockmann, HJ AF King, TL Eackles, MS Spidle, AP Brockmann, HJ TI Regional differentiation and sex-biased dispersal among populations of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENETIC-VARIATION; CONSERVATION; MARKERS; TESTS AB Fourteen microsatellite DNA loci were surveyed in 892 horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus collected from 21 sites ranging from Franklin, Maine, to the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. This rangewide survey revealed a high degree of genetic diversity (up to 50 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (up to 97.2%). There appears to be substantial gene flow between each population and its nearest neighbors. The correlation of genetic distance and geographic distance supports isolation by distance as a mechanism underlying the structure of L. polyphemus along the Atlantic coast of North America. Two statistical descriptors, mean assignment percentage and assignment variance, suggested the presence of male-biased dispersal throughout the study area. Within the continuum of isolation by distance and in the presence of male-biased dispersal, the clustering of specific collections on a tree of genetic distances and hierarchical gene diversity analyses demonstrate discrete regional units. These results suggest defining four management units within the United States: the Gulf of Maine, rnid-Atlantic, Atlantic Florida, and Gulf Florida. Further sampling is needed, particularly from North Carolina to the southernmost tip of Atlantic Florida, to test this hypothesis. Multilocus assignment tests indicate a high probability of correctly assigning individuals to the proposed management unit from which they were collected and could serve as a useful tool for identifying the source of animals that are caught at sea. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tim_king@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 134 IS 2 BP 441 EP 465 DI 10.1577/T04-023.1 PG 25 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 923KN UT WOS:000228908900015 ER PT J AU Antolos, M Roby, DD Lyons, DE Collis, K Evans, AE Hawbecker, M Ryan, BA AF Antolos, M Roby, DD Lyons, DE Collis, K Evans, AE Hawbecker, M Ryan, BA TI Caspian tern predation on juvenile salmonids in the mid-Columbia River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; WATERBIRD PREDATION; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; AVIAN PREDATION; ENERGY; ESTUARY; VULNERABILITY; POPULATIONS; CORMORANTS AB We used a bioenergetics approach to determine the magnitude of predation by Caspian terns Sterna caspia on juvenile salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. in the mid-Columbia River during 2000 and 2001. Caspian terns nesting on Crescent Island, Washington, located below the confluence of the Snake and Columbia rivers, consumed several hundred thousand juvenile salmonids each year of the study. Tern consumption of smolts was higher in 2001 (679,000 smolts; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 533,000-825,000 smolts) than in 2000 (465,000 smolts; 95% CI: 382,000-547,000 smolts) as a result of an increase in tern breeding pairs, fledging success, and percentage of salmonids in the diet. On-colony detection rates of passive integrated transponder tags from in-river migrating smolts were also higher in 2001 (0.90-12.40%) than in 2000 (0.03-1.60%); the higher predation rates in 2001 were probably caused by extreme drought conditions that resulted in reduced spill from hydroelectric dams, lower river flows, and increased travel times for in-river migrating smolts. Tern predation rates on juvenile steelhead O. mykiss were higher than those on yearling Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha in both years. The impacts of tern predation on steelhead smolts and yearling Chinook salmon from the Snake River were slight after accounting for the high proportion of smolts collected for transportation above Crescent Island. Survival of steelhead smolts from the upper Columbia River that are not transported above Crescent Island may be significantly affected by tern predation, particularly in low-flow years. Appreciably higher predation rates on salmonids by Crescent Island terns than those observed in 2001 are unlikely considering the constraints on tern colony expansion, limited capacity for increased per capita smolt consumption by terns, and current high transportation rates for Snake River smolts. C1 Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Collis, K (reprint author), Real Time Res Inc, 61434 Linton Loop, Bend, OR 97702 USA. EM kcollis@realtimeresearch.org RI Kappes, Michelle/B-7139-2008 NR 50 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 134 IS 2 BP 466 EP 480 DI 10.1577/T04-043.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 923KN UT WOS:000228908900016 ER PT J AU Vokoun, JC Rabeni, CE AF Vokoun, JC Rabeni, CE TI Home range and space use patterns of flathead catfish during the summer-fall period in two Missouri streams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; RIVER; FISHES; MANAGEMENT; SIZE; CONSERVATION; MODELS; LAKE AB Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris were radio-tracked in the Grand River and Cuivre River, Missouri, from late July until they moved to overwintering habitats in late October. Fish moved within a definable area, and although occasional long-distance movements occurred, the fish typically returned to the previously occupied area. Seasonal home range was calculated with the use of kernel density estimation, which can be interpreted as a probabilistic utilization distribution that documents the internal structure of the estimate by delineating portions of the range that was used a specified percentage of the time. A traditional linear range also was reported. Most flathead catfish (89%) had one 50% kernel-estimated core area, whereas 11% of the fish split their time between two core areas. Core areas were typically in the middle of the 90% kernel-estimated home range (58%), although several had core areas in upstream (26%) and downstream (16%) portions of the home range. Home-range size did not differ based on river, sex, or size and was highly variable among individuals. The median 95% kernel estimate was 1,085 m (range, 7069,090 m) for all fish. The median 50% kernel-estimated core area was 135 m (10-2,260 m). The median linear range was 3,510 m (150-50,400 m). Fish pairs with core areas in the same and neighboring pools had static joint space use values of up to 49% (area of intersection index), indicating substantial overlap and use of the same area. However, all fish pairs had low dynamic joint space use values (< 0.07; coefficient of association), indicating that fish pairs were temporally segregated, rarely occurring in the same location at the same time. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey,Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Vokoun, JC (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources Management & Engn, WB Young Bldg,1376 Storrs Rd Unit 4087, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 134 IS 2 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1577/T04-064.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 923KN UT WOS:000228908900020 ER PT J AU Herring, G Collazo, JA AF Herring, G Collazo, JA TI Habitat use, movements and home range of wintering Lesser Scaup in Florida SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Aythya affinis; Florida; Functional Unit System; home range; Lesser Scaup; movement; winter grounds ID DIVING DUCKS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; ACTIVITY BUDGETS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; BEHAVIOR; CANVASBACKS; WATERFOWL; SURVIVAL; BAY AB Radio telemetry and diurnal time activity budgets were used to show that wintering Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) used different habitats for comfort and feeding activities at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (Merritt Island), Florida and adjacent estuarine areas. Management should take this spatial consideration into account. The same data were used to determine if habitat use differed between sexes. Data on movements and home range were used to evaluate habitat quality and potential effects of human disturbance. Scaup foraged more in impounded wetlands and rested more in open estuarine regions. Mean distance between diurnal and nocturnal sites was 2.7 km (SE +/- 0.3), and was similar between sexes and from mid to late winter. Male and female fixed kernel home ranges and core use areas did not differ. Mean fixed kernel 95% home range and 50% core use areas were 15.1 km(2) (SE +/- 2.0) and 2.7 km(2) (SE +/- 0.5) respectively, representing 3% and 0.5% of surveyed habitats. Males and females used habitats similarly and short distances traveled between diurnal and nocturnal sites suggested that habitat conditions were similar across the impounded wetlands and shallow portions of both the Indian River and Banana River. Sedentary or short movements suggested that disturbance was probably negligible at the principal areas used by Lesser Scaup. Habitat management strategies for scaup should not be restricted to Merritt Island. Adjustments should be made to take into account that maintenance activities occur in adjacent estuarine areas as well. C1 N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Herring, G (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM gherrin1@fau.edu NR 61 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0071:HUMAHR]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 908YE UT WOS:000227825300010 ER PT J AU Shealer, DA Saliva, JE Pierce, J AF Shealer, DA Saliva, JE Pierce, J TI Annual survival and movement patterns of Roseate Terns breeding in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE adult survival; band loss; Caribbean; emigration; mark-recapture; Roseate Tern; seabird; Sterna dougallii ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; STERNA-DOUGALLII; COMMON TERNS; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; FALKNER ISLAND; RATES; CONNECTICUT; RECRUITMENT; RECOVERIES AB A mark recapture study was conducted on color-banded Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) breeding in southwestern Puerto Rico from 1991 to 1994. The initial estimate of apparent annual survival of adults was 62%. After accounting for the annual rates of color-band loss (11%) and permanent emigration (2-13%), the adjusted annual survival rate estimate for adults ranged from 71-80%. The estimate of pre-breeding survival from fledging to age three was 31% for a cohort of chicks banded in 1991. The adult survival estimate is low compared to other seabird species, but similar to estimates derived from Roseate Terns breeding in the western North Atlantic. Considered together, these survival estimates support the hypothesis that Roseate Terns experience high mortality during the non-breeding season, when the ranges of the North American and Caribbean populations overlap. If so, management of this species only during the breeding season may do little to aid its recovery. C1 Loras Coll, Dept Biol, Dubuque, IA 52004 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Caribbean Field Off, Boqueron, PR 00622 USA. Div Fish & Wildlife, Dept Planning & Nat Resources, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. RP Shealer, DA (reprint author), Loras Coll, Dept Biol, 1450 Alta Vista, Dubuque, IA 52004 USA. EM david.shealer@loras.edu NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 5 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0079:ASAMPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 908YE UT WOS:000227825300011 ER PT J AU Anderson, SK Roby, DD Lyons, DE Collis, K AF Anderson, SK Roby, DD Lyons, DE Collis, K TI Factors affecting chick provisioning by Caspian Terns nesting in the Columbia River estuary SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE chick provisioning; Caspian Tern; Sterna caspia; salmonids; Oncorhynchus; Columbia River ID JUVENILE SALMONIDS; PARENTAL CARE; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; STERNA-HIRUNDO; COMMON TERNS; GROWTH; SIZE; PATTERNS; VULNERABILITY; PREDATION AB We investigated factors affecting chick provisioning by radio-tagged Caspian Terns (Sterna caspia) nesting in a large colony on East Sand Island in the Columbia River estuary during 2001. Caspian Tern predation on juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the estuary prompted resource managers to relocate ca. 9,000 pairs of terns nesting on Rice Island (river km 34) to East Sand Island (river km 8), where terns were expected to consume fewer salmonids in favor of marine forage fishes. This study investigated factors influencing foraging success, diet composition, and overall reproductive success at the managed Caspian Tern colony. Our results indicated that daytime colony attendance by nesting terns averaged 64% and decreased throughout the chick-rearing period, while duration of foraging trips averaged 47 min and increased during the same period; these seasonal changes were more strongly related to date than chick age. Average meal delivery rates to 2-chick broods (0.88 meals h(-1)) were 2.6 times greater than to 1-chick broods (0.33 meals h(-1)). Parents delivered more juvenile salmonids to chicks during ebb tides than flood tides, but meal delivery rates to the nest remained constant, suggesting diet composition tracks relative availability of prey species. Foraging trips resulting in delivery of juvenile salmonids averaged 68% longer than foraging trips for schooling marine forage fishes, indicating higher availability of marine prey near the colony. High availability of marine forage fish in the Columbia River estuary during 2001 was apparently responsible for high colony attendance, short foraging trips, high chick meal delivery rates, and high nesting success of Caspian Terns on East Sand Island. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, USGS, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97701 USA. RP Anderson, SK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, USGS, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM kcollis@realtimeresearch.org NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0095:FACPBC]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 908YE UT WOS:000227825300013 ER PT J AU Randall, LAJ Foote, AL AF Randall, LAJ Foote, AL TI Effects of managed impoundments and herbivory on wetland plant production and stand structure SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE wetland management; Myocastor coypus; nutria; annual production; plant stand structure; Spartina patens; Schoenoplectus americanus ID SPARTINA-PATENS; COASTAL LOUISIANA; VERTEBRATE HERBIVORY; SALT-MARSH; SALINITY; GROWTH; ACCRETION; VEGETATION; DIEBACK; IMPACT AB Managed impoundments, a form of structural marsh management, have been used to enhance plant production in the rapidly-eroding marshes of coastal Louisiana, USA, yet few studies have quantified their effects by measuring plant production before and after impoundment construction. We tested the effects of structural marsh management on the annual aboveground production and plant stand structure (stem density and stem height) of Spartina patens and Schoenoplectus americanus by collecting measurements before and after the construction of two shallow impoundments. We manipulated the water level in each impoundment by adjusting a single flap-gated culvert fitted with a variable crest weir. Because nutria herbivory also seemed to have a strong influence on plant production in these marshes, we tested the effects of nutria herbivory on the annual aboveground production and plant stand structure of both plant species by collecting data from fenced (ungrazed) and unfenced (grazed) plots located in both managed and unmanaged areas. There were no significant differences in Spartina annual production, stem density, and stem height between managed and unmanaged areas, and Schoenoplectus annual production, stem density, and stem height were greater in unmanaged marsh, indicating that the management method used in this study was not effective in promoting plant production in the rapidly-eroding, brackish, deltaic marshes of coastal Louisiana. Nutria herbivory dramatically reduced the annual aboveground production, stem density, and stem height of Schoenoplectus, a preferred forage species, and thus altered the structure of the mixed species stand. Herbivory had no significant effect on the annual aboveground production and stem density of Spartina. In the absence of herbivory, the stem height of Spartina increased significantly and coincided with significant increases in the stem density and height of Schoenoplectus. The changes in plant stand structure caused by nutria herbivory may facilitate marsh erosion and ultimately contribute to wetland loss. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Randall, LAJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM Lori_Randall@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 38 EP 50 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 918KZ UT WOS:000228542000004 ER PT J AU Pearl, CA Adams, MJ Leuthold, N Bury, RB AF Pearl, CA Adams, MJ Leuthold, N Bury, RB TI Amphibian occurrence and aquatic invaders in a changing landscape: Implications for wetland mitigation in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE AIC; amphibian; bullfrog; fish; landscape; non-native species; permanence; temporary; wetland; Ambystoma; Pseudacris; Rana aurora; Rana catesbeiana; Taricha ID BULLFROGS RANA-CATESBEIANA; RED-LEGGED FROGS; INTRODUCED BULLFROGS; SPECIES RICHNESS; POPULATION DECLINES; UNITED-STATES; UV-B; HABITAT; FISH; WASHINGTON AB Despite concern about the conservation status of amphibians in western North America, few field studies have documented occurrence patterns of amphibians relative to potential stressors. We surveyed wetland fauna in Oregon's Willamette Valley and used an information theoretic approach (AIC) to rank the associations between native amphibian breeding occurrence and wetland characteristics, non-native aquatic predators, and landscape characteristics in a mixed urban-agricultural landscape. Best predictors varied among the five native amphibians and were generally consistent with life history differences. Pacific tree frog (Pseudacris regilla) and long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) occurrence was best predicted by the absence of non-native fish. Northern red-legged frog (Rana a. aurora) and northwestern salamander (Ambystoma gracile) were most strongly related to wetland vegetative characteristics. The occurrence of rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa), a migratory species that makes extensive use of terrestrial habitats, was best predicted by greater forest cover within 1 km. The absence of non-native fish was a strong predictor of occurrence for four of the five native species. In contrast, amphibians were not strongly related to native fish presence. We found little evidence supporting negative effects of the presence of breeding populations of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) on any native species. Only the two Ambystoma salamanders were associated with wetland permanence. Northwestern salamanders (which usually have a multi-year larval stage) were associated with permanent waters, while long-toed salamanders were associated with temporary wetlands. Although all the species make some use of upland habitats, only one (rough-skinned newt) was strongly associated with surrounding landscape conditions. Instead, our analysis suggests that within-wetland characteristics best predict amphibian occurrence in this region. We recommend that wetland preservation and mitigation efforts concentrate on sites lacking non-native fish for the conservation of native amphibians in the Willamette Valley and other western lowlands. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pearl, CA (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM christopher_pearl@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 34 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 76 EP 88 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0076:AOAAII]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 918KZ UT WOS:000228542000007 ER PT J AU Auble, GT Scott, ML Friedman, JM AF Auble, GT Scott, ML Friedman, JM TI Use of individualistic streamflow-vegetation relations along the Fremont River, Utah, USA to assess impacts of flow alteration on wetland and riparian areas SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE instream flow; hydraulic modeling; downstream impact assessment; wetland delineation; moisture gradient; riparian vegetation plant communities ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; BASIN; ESTABLISHMENT; DISTURBANCE; COTTONWOOD; FLOODPLAIN; SIMULATION; REGIMES AB We analyzed the transverse pattern of vegetation along a reach of the Fremont River in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah, USA using models that support both delineation of wetland extent and projection of the changes in wetland area resulting from upstream hydrologic alteration. We linked stage-discharge relations developed by a hydraulic model to a flow-duration curve derived from the flow history in order to calculate the inundation duration of 361 plots (0.5 X 2 m). Logistic regression was used to relate plant species occurrence in plots to inundation duration. A weighted average of the wetland indicator values of species was used to characterize plots as Aquatic, Wetland, Transitional, or Upland. Finally, we assessed how alterations in the flow duration curve would change the relative widths of these four zones. The wetland indicator values of species and the wetland prevalence index scores of plots were strongly correlated with inundation duration. Our results support the concept that plants classified as wetland species typically occur on sites inundated at least two weeks every two years. The portion of the riparian zone along the high-gradient study reach of the Fremont River that satisfied the vegetation criterion for a regulatory wetland was narrow (2 m wide). Both the unvegetated Aquatic zone (7.8 m) and the Transitional zone (8 m) were substantially wider. The Transitional zone included the maxima of several species and was, therefore, not merely a combination of elements of the Wetland and Upland zones. Multiplicative increases or decreases in streamflow regime produced a wetter, or drier, bottomland vegetation, respectively. Systematic reductions in flow variability reduced the width of both the Wetland and Transitional zones and increased the width of the Upland zone. Our approach is widely applicable to inform, water management decisions involving changes in flow regime. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Auble, GT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663 NR 50 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0143:UOISRA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 918KZ UT WOS:000228542000013 ER PT J AU Krausman, PR Morgart, JR Harris, LK O'Brien, CS Cain, JW Rosenstock, SS AF Krausman, PR Morgart, JR Harris, LK O'Brien, CS Cain, JW Rosenstock, SS TI Introduction: management for the survival of Sonoran pronghorn in the United States SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Endangered Species Off, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. Harris Environm, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. RP Krausman, PR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, 325 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM krausman@ag.arizona.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 5 EP 7 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[5:IMFTSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 945RX UT WOS:000230521000003 ER PT J AU Morgart, JR Hervert, JJ Krausman, PR Bright, JL Henry, RS AF Morgart, JR Hervert, JJ Krausman, PR Bright, JL Henry, RS TI Sonoran pronghorn use of anthropogenic and natural water sources SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sonoran Pronghorn and Related Issues CY MAY, 2004 CL Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ HO Univ Arizona DE Antilocapra americana sonoriensis; Arizona; endangered species; Sonoran Desert; Sonoran pronghorn; water development ID ARIZONA AB The Sonoran pronghorn (Antilocapra americana sonoriensis) is one of the most endangered ungulates in North America. The use of water to improve its habitat in southwestern Arizona has been limited in part because published reports claimed these desert ungulates do not use freestanding water. Because free-standing water has been beneficial to habitat improvement of other desert ungulates, we set up cameras at anthropogenic waters to see if they were used by pronghorn, examined literature and agency files related to Sonoran pronghorn and water, and interviewed ranchers who have lived and managed livestock in Sonoran pronghorn habitat since the 1930s regarding their observations of pronghorn use of livestock waters. Using direct observation and photographic evidence, we documented Sonoran pronghorn drinking freestanding water. Published reports claiming that Sonoran pronghorn do not drink were erroneous. Ranchers, agency files, and biologists from numerous state and federal agencies documented Sonoran pronghorn drinking. Federal and state agencies should be aggressive in examining how water developments can be used to assist in recovery of endangered Sonoran pronghorn. C1 Cebeza Prieta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Ajo, AZ 85321 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Krausman, PR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv Off, 2105 Osuna NE, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. EM krausman@ag.arizona.edu NR 42 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[51:SPUOAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 945RX UT WOS:000230521000010 ER PT J AU Ivan, JS Murphy, RK AF Ivan, JS Murphy, RK TI What preys on piping plover eggs and chicks? SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE alkali lakes; Charadrius melodus; Great Plains; Montana; North Dakota; piping plover; predation; reproductive success; threatened and endangered species ID PREDATOR EXCLUSION; NEST SUCCESS AB Recovery of the imperiled northern Great Plains population of piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) largely depends on reducing predation on the plover's eggs and chicks, but sources of predation are poorly understood. We examined differences in the productivity of piping plovers managed by various predator exclosure options from central North Dakota to northeastern Montana during 1994-2002 (n=1,288 nest records and n=987 fledgling production records examined). Plover nest success (Mayfield estimate) increased significantly when nests were protected from mammalian predators. However, no further increase in nest success occurred when avian predators also were excluded from nests. This suggests that mammals were more important predators of piping plover eggs than were birds. The percentage of chicks lost between hatching and fledging stages when no exclosures were available to protect chicks (about 50%) was no different than the percentage lost when chicks were protected from mammals. We thus attributed nearly all predation on chicks to avian sources. We identified 5 bird and 8 mammal species or species groups as known or likely predators based on field evidence. Management to reduce local abundance of large gulls (Larus spp.) and American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) should be included among the tools available to sustain increased levels of plover reproductive success on prairie alkali lakes. C1 Nature Conservancy, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. RP Ivan, JS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. EM jacob_ivan@fws.gov NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[113:WPOPPE]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 945RX UT WOS:000230521000017 ER PT J AU Livingston, TR Gipson, PS Ballard, WB Sanchez, DM Krausman, PR AF Livingston, TR Gipson, PS Ballard, WB Sanchez, DM Krausman, PR TI Scat removal: a source of bias in feces-related studies SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bobcat; Canis latrans; coprophagy; coyote; Didelphis virginiana; diet; feces; Kansas; Lynx rufus; opossum ID MAMMALIAN PREY DIGESTIBILITY; COPROPHAGY; NUTRITION; COYOTES; WOODRAT; FACTS AB Consumption of feces (coprophagy) may alter findings of dietary studies and population estimates based on fecal analyses, but its magnitude is poorly understood. We investigated seasonal incidence of scat removal on Fort Riley, Kansas, from January through December 2000. We placed feces from captive bobcats (Lynx rufus), captive coyotes (Canis latrans), and free-ranging coyotes randomly on tracking stations in forest and prairie landscapes to determine rates of scat removal by local wildlife. Rates of removal of feces from captive bobcats, captive coyotes, and free-ranging coyotes varied from 7% during spring to 50% during summer. We identified opossums (Didelphis virginiana) as the most common species present at stations where scat removal occurred. Feces may be an important seasonal source of food for opossums and may provide seasonal dietary supplements for other species. Other factors responsible for disturbance of feces included a woodrat (Neotoma floridana) caching coyote feces, removal of captive coyote feces by free-ranging coyotes accompanied by deposition of fresh feces, a bobcat burying a captive bobcat sample and depositing fresh feces, and rain storms. Dietary studies based on fecal analyses could be biased by scat removal, assuming that contents in feces are representative of the proportion of foods consumed. C1 Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Wildlife & Fisheries Sci Program, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Livingston, TR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Div Biol, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM troyl@ksu.edu NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 172 EP 178 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[172:SRASOB]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 945RX UT WOS:000230521000024 ER PT J AU Anderson, CR Lindzey, FG AF Anderson, CR Lindzey, FG TI Experimental evaluation of population trend and harvest composition in a Wyoming cougar population SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; cougar; exploitation; population trend; Puma concolor; sex-age composition ID SOUTHERN UTAH AB Cougar (Puma concolor) management has been hindered by inability to identify population trends. We documented changes in sex and age of harvested cougars during an experimentally induced reduction in population size and subsequent recovery to better understand the relationship between sex-age composition and population trend in exploited populations. The cougar population in the Snowy Range, southeast Wyoming, was reduced by increased harvest (treatment phase) from 58 independent cougars (> 1 year old) (90% CI=36-81) in the autumn of 1998 to 20 by the spring of 2000 (mean exploitation rate=43%) and then increased to 46 by spring 2003 following 3 years of reduced harvests (mean exploitation rate=18%). Pretreatment harvest composition was 63% subadults (1.0-2.5 years old), 23% adult males, and 14% adult females (2 seasons; n=22). A reduction in subadult harvest, an initial increase followed by a reduction in adult male harvest, and a steady increase in adult female harvest characterized harvest composition trends during the treatment phase. Harvest composition was similar at high and low densities when harvest was light, but proportion of harvested subadult males increased at low density as they replaced adult males removed during the treatment period (high harvest). While sex ratio of harvested cougars alone appears of limited value in identifying population change, when combined with age class the 2 appear to provide an index to population change. Composition of the harvest can be applied to adaptively manage cougar populations where adequate sex and age data are collected from harvested animals. C1 Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Lander, WY 82520 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Anderson, CR (reprint author), Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, 260 Buena Vista, Lander, WY 82520 USA. EM charles.anderson@wgf.state.wy.us NR 22 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[179:EEOPTA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 945RX UT WOS:000230521000025 ER PT J AU Zakrajsek, EJ Bissonette, JA AF Zakrajsek, EJ Bissonette, JA TI Ranking the risk of wildlife species hazardous to military aircraft SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aircraft; bird-aircraft strike hazard; bird-avoidance model; birdstrike; Cathartes aura; military aircraft; turkey vulture; wildlife mortality AB Collisions between birds and aircraft (birdstrikes) pose a major threat to aviation safety. Different species pose different levels of threat; thus, identification of the most hazardous species can help managers identify the level of hazard and prioritize mitigation efforts. Dolbeer et al. (2000) assessed the hazard posed by birds to civilian aircraft by analyzing data from the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Wildlife Strike Database to rank the hazardous species and species groups. A similar analysis has not been done for the military but would be useful and necessary. Military flight characteristics differ from those of civilian flights. During the period 1985-1998, birdstrikes cost the United States Air Force (USAF) an average of $35 million/year in damage. Using the USAF Birdstrike Database, we selected and evaluated each species or species group by the number of strikes recorded in each of 3 damage categories. We weighted damage categories to reflect extent and cost of damage. The USAF Birdstrike Database contained 25,519 records of wildlife strikes in the United States. During the period 1985-1998, 22 (mean =1.6/year) Class-A birdstrikes (>$1,000,000 damage, loss of aircraft, loss of life, or permanent total disability) were sustained, accounting for 80% of total monetary losses caused by birds. Vultures (Cathartes aura, Coragyps atratus, Caracara cheriway) were ranked the most hazardous species group (Hazard Index Rank [HIR] = 127) to USAF aircraft, followed by geese (Branta canadensis, Chen caerulescens, HIR=76), pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, P occidentalis, HIR=47), and buteos (Buteo sp., HIR=30). Of the smaller flocking birds, blackbirds and starlings (mostly Agelaius phoeniceus, Euphagus cyanocephalus, Molothrus ater, Sturnus vulgaris, HIR=46), horned larks (Eremophila alpestris, HIR=24), and swallows (Families Hirundinidae, Apodidae, HIR= 23) were species groups ranked highest. Coupling these results with local bird census data to adjust hazard rank indices to specific locations can facilitate hazard management and lead to meaningful reductions in hazards and costs associated with birdstrikes. C1 Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Zakrajsek, EJ (reprint author), DuTect Inc, 621 W Baldwin Rd, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. EM John.Bissonette@usu.edu NR 19 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 258 EP 264 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[258:RTROWS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 945RX UT WOS:000230521000034 ER PT J AU Warren, KA Anderson, JT AF Warren, KA Anderson, JT TI Grassland songbird nest-site selection and response to mowing in West Virginia SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; bobolink; Dolichonyx oryzivorus; eastern meadowlark; grassland birds; nest success; Passerculus sandwichensis; red-winged blackbird; Savannah sparrows; Sturnella magna; West Virginia ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; BIRD ABUNDANCE; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; CRP FIELDS; VEGETATION; HABITAT; SUCCESS; COMMUNITIES; PREDATION; MISSOURI AB Grassland bird populations in the eastern United States have become increasingly dependent on human-altered grassland habitats such as former hayfields and pastures for nesting. We compared grassland bird nest success and nest placement on former hay-fields (n=3) and former pastures (n=3) and on mowed and unmowed areas on the CanaanValley National Wildlife Refuge (CVNWR),WestVirginia, 1999-2000. We located 83 nests of the 4 dominant grassland species: bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus; 19% nest success), Savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis; 34%), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus; 21%), and eastern meadowlarks (Sturnella magna; 70%). Vertical density of vegetation was taller at successful bobolink nests and maximum height was greater at successful Savannah sparrow nests than at unsuccessful nests. Eastern meadowlarks chose nest sites with more standing dead vegetation, deeper litter, and a greater maximum height of vegetation. Although there were no differences in nest success between mowed and unmowed treatments, mowing some fields at the conclusion of the breeding season may provide long-term advantages to grassland bird nesting success by maintaining former fields as grassland habitats. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Wildlife & Fisheries Resources Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Warren, KA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Long Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Wertheim Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 21, Shirley, NY 11967 USA. EM jander25@wvu.edu NR 43 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[285:GSNSAR]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 945RX UT WOS:000230521000037 ER PT J AU Lopez, RR Harveson, PM Peterson, MN Silvy, NJ Frank, PA AF Lopez, RR Harveson, PM Peterson, MN Silvy, NJ Frank, PA TI From the field: Changes in ranges of Florida Key deer - does population density matter? SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE annual ranges; density effects; Florida Key deer; Odocoileus virginianus clavium; seasonal ranges; urban development; urban white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; HOME-RANGE; REDUCTION; SIZE AB The relationship between population density and range size has long been debated. While many studies have documented varying responses in range size to changes in population densities, most have been the result of experimental manipulation. We examined the effects of long-term density changes in Florida Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) on range and core-area sizes. We radiocollared Key deer as part of 2 separate research projects conducted December 1968-June 1972, and January 1998-December 2001. We used a total of 96 (females, n=62; males, n=34) and 163 (females, n=88; males, n=75) radiocollared Key deer to calculate annual and seasonal ranges and core areas, respectively. Season and age were not important factors in describing ranges and core areas of Key deer, while sex and period (early vs. current study) were important. On average, male annual ranges (x=221 ha, current; x=388 ha, early) were greater than female annual ranges (x=42 ha, current; x=101 ha, early), which might explain higher male mortality due to roadkills. Early ranges and core areas were greater (approximate to 2x) than current ranges and core areas. We suggest that increased deer densities may have resulted in a decrease in Key deer ranges. Other factors influencing changes in Key deer ranges included increased habitat quality and Key deer domestication over the last 30 years. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Key Deer Refuge, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. RP Lopez, RR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM roel@tamu.edu NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 343 EP 348 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[343:FTFCIR]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 945RX UT WOS:000230521000046 ER PT J AU Herrero, S Smith, T DeBruyn, TD Gunther, K Matt, CA AF Herrero, S Smith, T DeBruyn, TD Gunther, K Matt, CA TI From the field: Brown bear habituation to people - safety, risks, and benefits SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE bear-human interactions; bear management; bear viewing; brown bears; habituation; individual distance; overt reaction distance; personal space; Ursus arctos ID CONSERVATION AB Recently, brown bear (Ursus arctos) viewing has increased in coastal Alaska and British Columbia, as well as in interior areas such as Yellowstone National Park. Viewing is most often being done under conditions that offer acceptable safety to both people and bears. We analyze and comment on the underlying processes that lead brown bears to tolerate people at close range. Although habituation is an important process influencing the distance at which bears tolerate people, other variables also modify levels of bear-to-human tolerance. Because bears may react internally with energetic costs before showing an overt reaction to humans, we propose a new term, the Overt Reaction Distance, to emphasize that what we observe is the external reaction of a bear. In this paper we conceptually analyze bear viewing in terms of benefits and risks to people and bears. We conclude that managers and policy-makers must develop site-specific plans that identify the extent to which bear-to-human habituation and tolerance will be permitted. The proposed management needs scientific underpinning. it is our belief that bear viewing, where appropriate, may promote conservation of bear populations, habitats, and ecosystems as it instills respect and concern in those who participate. C1 Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Environm Sci Program, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Alaska Support Off, Anchorage, AK USA. Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Herrero, S (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Environm Sci Program, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM herrero@ucalgary.ca NR 41 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 362 EP 373 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[362:FTFBBH]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 945RX UT WOS:000230521000050 ER PT J AU Rivera-Maria, FF Zaccagnini, ME Canavelli, SB AF Rivera-Maria, FF Zaccagnini, ME Canavelli, SB TI Field trials of line-transect surveys of bird carcasses in agro-ecosystems of Argentina's Pampas region (vol 32, pg 1219, 2004) SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Correction ID SWAINSONS HAWKS; MORTALITY; PESTICIDE; SURVIVAL; SPRAYS AB Pesticides caused high mortality of birds in agro-ecosystems of Argentina's Pampas region during 1995-2003. As part of a program to monitor mortality events, we trained observers in distance sampling methods, conducted field trials under simulated conditions to assess the degree to which the critical assumptions of line-transect surveys were met, and estimated the density and number of chicken carcasses randomly placed along fixed transects in corn stubble, corn, alfalfa, wheat, pasture, and forest. The assumption of 100% detection probability of carcasses at 0 distance was met. We measured cluster size (1-5 carcasses) exactly and measured perpendicular distance from a cluster to transect centerline (0-40 m) with little error (absolute difference between actual and measured distances: (x) over bar =0.14 m, SE=0.01, n=121). Cluster detection was not size-biased in corn stubble but was size-biased in corn, alfalfa, wheat, pasture, forest, and all strata combined. Thirteen 3-observer teams performed equally well in field trials regardless of having or not having observers with previous experience conducting transect surveys of bird carcasses in agro-ecosystems. Teams with experienced and inexperienced observers missed clusters near the centerline (defined here as 1.5-5 m for wheat and 5-15 m for other strata) but detected all clusters on the centerline (defined here as 0-1.5 m for wheat and 0-5 m for other strata). Percent relative bias was 0.36% for corn stubble (n=39); 5.63% for the combined data of corn, alfalfa, wheat, pasture, and forest (n=73); and 0.51% for all strata (n=121). Bias estimates were small in relation to standard errors of density estimates, and the density estimator produced 95% confidence intervals that always included true densities. Predators and scavengers started removing carcasses during the first day of exposure (cumulative survival: (x) over bar =0.69, SE=0.04, n=36) and stopped removing them after day 5 (cumulative survival: (x) over bar =0.04, SE=0.02, n=5). Carcass removal rate averaged -0.38/day (SE=0.03). Although line-transect sampling represents a viable method to estimate the density and number of dead birds in agro-ecosystems, scavenging data should be collected to adjust these estimates, even when surveys are conducted the day following pesticide application. An effective communication network between collaborators and the general public and observer readiness are needed as part of research and monitoring efforts to guide decision-making on agricultural practices, promote law enforcement, and manage wildlife in agro-ecosystems. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Int Conservat, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Inst Tecnol Agropecuaria, EEA Parana, RA-1088 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Rivera-Maria, FF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Int Conservat, 4401 N Fairfax Dr,Room 730-ARLSQ, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 945RX UT WOS:000230521000005 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, CE Hillgruber, N Burril, SE St Peters, MA Wetzel, JD AF Zimmerman, CE Hillgruber, N Burril, SE St Peters, MA Wetzel, JD TI Offshore marine observation of Willow Ptarmigan, including water landings, Kuskokwim Bay, Alaska SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LAGOPUS-MUTUS; FLIGHT AB We report an observation of Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) encountered 8 to 17 kin from the nearest shoreline on Kuskokwim Bay, Alaska, on 30 August 2003. The ptarmigan were observed flying, landing on our research vessel, and landing and taking off from the water Surface. We also report on one other observation of ptarmigan sitting on the water surface and other marine observations of ptarmigan from the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database. These observations provide evidence that Willow Ptarmigan are capable of dispersing across large bodies of water and landing and taking off from the water surface. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Zimmerman, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM czimmerman@usgs.gov OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 1 BP 12 EP 14 DI 10.1676/04-074 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 941BD UT WOS:000230188700002 ER PT J AU Plumb, RE Knopf, FL Anderson, SH AF Plumb, RE Knopf, FL Anderson, SH TI Minimum population size of mountain plovers breeding in Wyoming SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID COLORADO AB As human disturbance of natural landscapes increases, so does the need for information on declining, threatened, and potentially threatened native species. Proposed listing of the Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1999 was found unwarranted in 2003. but this species remains of special concerti to management agencies and conservation groups. Whereas large concentrations of breeding Mountain Plovers occur in Montana and Colorado, estimates of the numbers of Mountain Plovers in Wyoming have ranged from only 500 to 1,500 individuals and are based largely on conjecture. In 2002, we visited all known breeding locales in the state to define areas of concentrated sightings in the Laramie, Shirley, Washakie, Great Divide. and Big Horn basins. In 2003, We used distance sampling to estimate breeding bird densities in these five areas. We pooled these estimates and applied the resulting density to a minimum occupied range for the Mountain Plover based on the documented sightings and a previously derived home-ran,,e size of 56.6 ha +/- 21.5 (SD) to generate a minimum population estimate for the state. Average Mountain it Plover density was 4.47 +/- 0.55 (SE) birds/km(2). We calculated a minimum population estimate of 3,393 birds for Wyoming. The Mountain Plover population breeding in Wyoming appears to contribute substantially to a revised continental population estimate of 11.000 to 14,000 birds. Our approach may have applications to quantifying minimum population Status of other uncommon species or species of special conservation Concern using Current database records, Such as those compiled in Natural Heritage Programs at the state level. C1 Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Knopf, FL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 3166 Univ Stn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM fritz_knopf@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1676/04-008 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 941BD UT WOS:000230188700003 ER PT J AU Skagen, SK Adams, AAY Adams, RD AF Skagen, SK Adams, AAY Adams, RD TI Nest survival relative to patch size in a highly fragmented shortgrass prairie landscape SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT SONGBIRDS; AVIAN REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; GRASSLAND SONGBIRDS; BIRD CONSERVATION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; MIGRATORY BIRDS; BREEDING BIRDS AB Understanding, the influences of habitat fragmentation on vertebrate Populations is essential for the protection and ecological restoration of strategic sites for native species. We examined the effects of prairie fragmentation on avian reproductive success using artificial and natural nests oil 26 randomly selected, privately owned patches of shortgrass prairie ranging in size from 7 to 454 ha within a cropland matrix ill Washington County, Colorado, summer 2000. Survival trends of artificial and natural nests differed. Daily survival of artificial nests increased with patch size up to about 65 ha and differed little at larger patch sizes. whereas daily survival of Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys) and Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris) nests decreased with increasing size of the grassland patch. We hypothesize that our unexpected findings of lower survival of natural nests with increasing patch sizes and different trends between artificial and natural nests are due to the particular structure of predator communities in our study area and the ways in which individual predators respond to artificial and natural nests. We recommend that the value of small habitat patches in highly fragmented landscapes not be overlooked. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Philosophy, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Skagen, SK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Philosophy, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM susan_skagen@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 21 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1676/04-038 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 941BD UT WOS:000230188700004 ER PT J AU Nack, JL Ribic, CA AF Nack, JL Ribic, CA TI Apparent predation by cattle at grassland bird nests SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED GROUND NESTS; HABITAT; SHEEP AB We document the first cases of cattle behaving as avian predators, removing nestlings and eggs from three active ground nests in continuously grazed pastures in Southwestern Wisconsin, 2000-2001. Cows removed three of four Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) eggs from one nest (the fourth egg was damaged), all four Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) nestlings from another, and all three Savannah Sparrow nestlings from a third. We found only two of three missing eggs (intact) and one of seven missing nestlings (dead) near two of the nests. Cows may have eaten the egg and nestlings we were unable to account for; alternatively, the egg and nestlings may have been scavenged by predators or removed from the area by the adult birds. Without videotape documentation, we would have attributed nest failure to traditional predators and cattle would not have been implicated. We may be underestimating the impact of cattle on ground nests by not considering cattle as potential predators. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Wildlife Res Unit, USGS Wisconsin Coop, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Nack, JL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jlnack@wisc.edu NR 23 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 1 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1676/04-056 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 941BD UT WOS:000230188700007 ER PT J AU Whittier, JB Leslie, DM AF Whittier, JB Leslie, DM TI Efficacy of using radio transmitters to monitor Least Tern chicks SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PASSERINES; ATTACHMENT; DUCKLINGS AB Little is known about Least Tern (Sterna antillarum) chicks from the time they leave the nest until fledging because they are highly mobile and cryptically colored. We evaluated the efficacy Of using radiotelemetry to monitor Interior Least Tern (S. a. athalassos) chicks at Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma. In 1999, we attached radio transmitters to 26 Least Tern chicks and tracked them for 2-17 days. No adults abandoned their chicks after transmitters were attached. Transmitters did not appear to alter growth rates of transmittered chicks (P = 0.36) or prevent feather growth, although dermal irritation was observed on one chick. However, without frequent reattachment, transmitters generally did not remain on chicks < 1 week old for more than 2 days because of feather growth and transmitter removal, presumably by adult terns. Although the presence of transmitters did not adversely affect Least Tern chicks, future assessments should investigate nonintrusive methods to improve retention of transmitters on young chicks and reduce the number of times that chicks need to be handled. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Oklahoma Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Whittier, JB (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Oklahoma Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM whittier@ksu.edu NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1676/04-062 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 941BD UT WOS:000230188700010 ER PT J AU Alcorn, S Murray, AL Pascho, RJ Varney, J AF Alcorn, S Murray, AL Pascho, RJ Varney, J TI A cohabitation challenge of vaccines for bacterial to compare the efficacies kidney disease (BKD) in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Renibacterium salmoninarum; bacterial kidney disease; vaccine efficacy; cohabitation challenge ID PATHOGEN RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CELL-SURFACE; ANTIBODY; PROTEIN; FISH; TEMPERATURE; MACROPHAGES; ANTIGENS; QUANTIFICATION AB The relative efficacies of 1 commercial and 5 experimental vaccines for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) were compared through a cohabitation waterborne challenge. Groups of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were vaccinated with one of the following: (1) killed Renibacterium salmoninarum ATCC 33209 (Rs 33209) cells; (2) killed Rs 33209 cells which had been heated to 37 degrees C for 48 h, a process that destroys the p57 protein; (3) killed R. salmoninarum MT239 (Rs MT239) cells; (4) heated Rs MT239 cells; (5) a recombinant version of the p57 protein (r-p57) emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA); (6) the commercial BKD vaccine Renogen; (7) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) emulsified with an equal volume of FIA; or (8) PBS alone. Following injection, each fish was marked with a subcutaneous fluorescent latex tag denoting its treatment group and the vaccinated fish were combined into sham and disease challenge tanks. Two weeks after these fish were vaccinated, separate groups of fish were injected with either PBS or live R. salmoninarum GL64 and were placed inside coated-wire mesh cylinders (liveboxes) in the sham and disease challenge tanks, respectively. Mortalities in both tanks were recorded for 285 d. Any mortalities among the live-box fish were replaced with an appropriate cohort (infected with R. salmoninarum or healthy) fish. None of the bacterins evaluated in this study induced protective immunity against the R. salmoninarum shed from the infected livebox fish. The percentage survival within the test groups in the R. salmoninarum challenge tank ranged from 59% (heated Rs MT239 bacterin) to 81% (PBS emulsified with FIA). There were no differences in the percentage survival among the PBS-, PBS/FIA-, r-p57-and Renogen-injected groups. There also were no differences in survival among the bacterin groups, regardless of whether the bacterial cells had been heated or left untreated prior to injection. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Deming, WA 98244 USA. RP Alcorn, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 Boat St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM stewart_alcorn@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 2-3 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.3354/dao063151 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 929NY UT WOS:000229354000008 PM 15819430 ER PT J AU Solomon, SC Aharonson, O Aurnou, JM Banerdt, WB Carr, MH Dombard, AJ Frey, HV Golombek, MP Hauck, SA Head, JW Jakosky, BM Johnson, CL McGovern, PJ Neumann, GA Phillips, RJ Smith, DE Zuber, MT AF Solomon, SC Aharonson, O Aurnou, JM Banerdt, WB Carr, MH Dombard, AJ Frey, HV Golombek, MP Hauck, SA Head, JW Jakosky, BM Johnson, CL McGovern, PJ Neumann, GA Phillips, RJ Smith, DE Zuber, MT TI New perspectives on ancient Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID MARTIAN HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; HF-W CHRONOMETRY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; THERMAL EVOLUTION; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; NORTHERN PLAINS; CRUSTAL MAGNETIZATION; EARLY DIFFERENTIATION; MANTLE CONVECTION AB Mars was most active during its first billion years. The core, mantle, and crust formed within similar to50 million years of solar system formation. A magnetic dynamo in a convecting fluid core magnetized the crust, and the global field shielded a more massive early atmosphere against solar wind stripping. The Tharsis province became a focus for volcanism, deformation, and outgassing of water and carbon dioxide in quantities possibly sufficient to induce episodes of climate warming. Surficial and near-surface water contributed to regionally extensive erosion, sediment transport, and chemical alteration. Deep hydrothermal circulation accelerated crustal cooling, preserved variations in crustal thickness, and modified patterns of crustal magnetization. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NASA, Terr Phys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Solomon, SC (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM scs@dtm.ciw.edu RI Hauck, Steven/A-7865-2008; Neumann, Gregory/I-5591-2013 OI McGovern, Patrick/0000-0001-9647-3096; Hauck, Steven/0000-0001-8245-146X; Neumann, Gregory/0000-0003-0644-9944 NR 102 TC 175 Z9 179 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 25 PY 2005 VL 307 IS 5713 BP 1214 EP 1220 DI 10.1126/science.1101812 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 901WP UT WOS:000227313200034 PM 15731435 ER PT J AU Bakun, WH AF Bakun, WH TI Magnitude and location of historical earthquakes in Japan and implications for the 1855 Ansei Edo earthquake SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID MOMENT TENSOR SOLUTIONS; SEISMIC INTENSITY DATA; PACIFIC COAST; KANTO; DISTRICT; VOLCANO; BENEATH; REGION; MOTION; SWARM AB [ 1] Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) intensity assignments I-JMA are used to derive intensity attenuation models suitable for estimating the location and an intensity magnitude M-jma for historical earthquakes in Japan. The intensity for shallow crustal earthquakes on Honshu is equal to -1.89 + 1.42M(JMA) - 0.00887Delta(h) - 1.66logDelta(h), where M-JMA is the JMA magnitude, Delta(h) = (Delta(2) + h(2))(1/2), and Delta and h are epicentral distance and focal depth ( km), respectively. Four earthquakes located near the Japan Trench were used to develop a subducting plate intensity attenuation model where intensity is equal to -8.33 + 2.19M(JMA) - 0.00550Delta(h) - 1.14logDelta(h). The I-JMA assignments for the M(JMA)7.9 great 1923 Kanto earthquake on the Philippine Sea-Eurasian plate interface are consistent with the subducting plate model; Using the subducting plate model and 226 I-JMA IV - VI assignments, the location of the intensity center is 25 km north of the epicenter, M-jma is 7.7, and M-JMA is 7.3 - 8.0 at the 1sigma confidence level. Intensity assignments and reported aftershock activity for the enigmatic 11 November 1855 Ansei Edo earthquake are consistent with an M-JMA 7.2 Philippine Sea - Eurasian interplate source or Philippine Sea intraslab source at about 30 km depth. If the 1855 earthquake was a Philippine Sea - Eurasian interplate event, the intensity center was adjacent to and downdip of the rupture area of the great 1923 Kanto earthquake, suggesting that the 1855 and 1923 events ruptured adjoining sections of the Philippine Sea - Eurasian plate interface. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bakun@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 24 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B2 AR B02304 DI 10.1029/2004JB003329 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 904WA UT WOS:000227527600006 ER PT J AU Patrick, MR Dehn, J Dean, K AF Patrick, MR Dehn, J Dean, K TI Numerical modeling of lava flow cooling applied to the 1997 Okmok eruption: Comparison with advanced very high resolution radiometer thermal imagery SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID INFRARED DATA; ETNA; IDENTIFICATION; VOLCANOS; SENSOR; SPACE AB [1] Throughout February and March 1997, Okmok Volcano, in the eastern Aleutian Islands of Alaska, erupted a 6-km-long lava flow of basaltic 'a'a within its caldera. In the first part of the study a numerical model for lava flow cooling was developed by Patrick et al. and applied to the flow to better understand the nature of its cooling. In this second part of the study, the model predictions for lava surface temperature over a 200-day cooling period were compared to advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) thermal imagery. Various methods were used to extract the subpixel lava temperature from the AVHRR pixel-integrated values, including the dual-band method and pixel merging. Inherent to these approaches is the multicomponent modeling of the lava surface temperature. Whereas active flows have been shown to have several thermal components, so, too, do flows undergoing extended cooling. Because of the dependence of the methods on the AVHRR instantaneous field of view (IFOV), the scan-dependent IFOV dimensions and overlap values were considered. Results from Patrick et al. indicate that convective heat loss from the surface largely controls surface temperature during extended cooling, but the functions governing this heat loss mechanism are poorly understood. AVHRR-derived temperatures from this part of the study suggest that values for the convective heat transfer coefficient for this flow were most commonly between 50 and 100 W m(-2) K-1 and generally above 25 W m(-2) K-1. These results are in agreement with previously measured values from the field but are significantly higher than those assumed in other remote sensing studies of cooling lava. Also, the AVHRR data corroborate the modeled prediction of seasonal warming of the lava surface. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Patrick, MR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM patrick@high.hawaii.edu OI Patrick, Matthew/0000-0002-8042-6639 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 24 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B2 AR B02210 DI 10.1029/2003JB002538 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 904WA UT WOS:000227527600001 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Masterlark, T Dzurisin, D AF Lu, Z Masterlark, T Dzurisin, D TI Interferometric synthetic aperture radar study of Okmok volcano, Alaska, 1992-2003: Magma supply dynamics and postemplacement lava flow deformation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; SATELLITE RADAR; SURFACE DEFORMATION; KILAUEA VOLCANO; 1997 ERUPTION; ETNA; EARTHQUAKE; SUBSIDENCE; CALIFORNIA; UPLIFT AB Okmok volcano, located in the central Aleutian arc, Alaska, is a dominantly basaltic complex topped with a 10-km-wide caldera that formed circa 2.05 ka. Okmok erupted several times during the 20th century, most recently in 1997; eruptions in 1945, 1958, and 1997 produced lava flows within the caldera. We used 80 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images (interferograms) to study transient deformation of the volcano before, during, and after the 1997 eruption. Point source models suggest that a magma reservoir at a depth of 3.2 km below sea level, located beneath the center of the caldera and about 5 km northeast of the 1997 vent, is responsible for observed volcano-wide deformation. The preeruption uplift rate decreased from about 10 cm yr(-1) during 1992-1993 to 2 similar to 3 cm yr(-1) during 1993-1995 and then to about -1 similar to -2 cm yr(-1) during 1995-1996. The posteruption inflation rate generally decreased with time during 1997-2001, but increased significantly during 2001-2003. By the summer of 2003, 30 similar to 60% of the magma volume lost from the reservoir in the 1997 eruption had been replenished. Interferograms for periods before the 1997 eruption indicate consistent subsidence of the surface of the 1958 lava flows, most likely due to thermal contraction. Interferograms for periods after the eruption suggest at least four distinct deformation processes: (1) volcano-wide inflation due to replenishment of the shallow magma reservoir, (2) subsidence of the 1997 lava flows, most likely due to thermal contraction, (3) deformation of the 1958 lava flows due to loading by the 1997 flows, and (4) continuing subsidence of 1958 lava flows buried beneath 1997 flows. Our results provide insights into the postemplacement behavior of lava flows and have cautionary implications for the interpretation of inflation patterns at active volcanoes. C1 US Geol Survey, Sci Appl Int Corp, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Res, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sci Appl Int Corp, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Res, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lu@usgs.gov; masterlark@usgs.gov; dzurisin@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 23 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B2 AR B02403 DI 10.1029/2004JB003148 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 904VZ UT WOS:000227527500001 ER PT J AU Holloway, JM Smith, RL AF Holloway, JM Smith, RL TI Nitrogen and carbon flow from rock to water: Regulation through soil biogeochemical processes, Mokelumne River watershed, California, and Grand Valley, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID DESERT SOILS; ACETYLENE INHIBITION; GEOLOGIC NITROGEN; ORGANIC-MATTER; DENITRIFICATION; NITRATE; CATCHMENTS; DEPOSITION; FIXATION; DYNAMICS AB Soil denitrification is an ecologically important nitrogen removal mechanism that releases to the atmosphere the greenhouse gas N2O, an intermediate product from the reduction of NO3- to N-2. In this study we evaluate the relationship between soil carbon and denitrification potential in watersheds with bedrock acting as a nonpoint source of nitrogen, testing the hypothesis that nitrate leaching to stream water is in part regulated by denitrification. Two sites, one in a Mediterranean climate and the other in an arid climate, were investigated to understand the interplay between carbon and denitrification potential. Both sites included carbonaceous bedrock with relatively high nitrogen concentrations (>1,000 mg N kg(-1)) and had low background nitrogen concentrations in surface and groundwater. There was a net accumulation of carbon and nitrogen in soil relative to the corresponding bedrock, with the exception of carbonaceous shale from the arid site. There the concentration of carbon in the soil ( 15,620 mg C kg(-1)) was less than the shale parent ( 22,460 mg C kg(-1)), consistent with the bedrock being a source of soil carbon. Rates of denitrification potential (0.5-83 mg N kg(-1) hr(-1)) derived from laboratory incubations appeared to be related to the ratio of dissolved organic carbon and nitrate extracted from soils. These data indicate that microbial processes such as denitrification can help maintain background nitrogen concentrations to tens of muM N in relatively undisturbed ecosystems when nitrogen inputs from weathering bedrock are accompanied by sufficient organic carbon concentrations to promote microbial nitrogen transformations. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Holloway, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jholloway@usgs.gov; rlsmith@usgs.gov RI Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012; Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008 OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125 NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD FEB 22 PY 2005 VL 110 IS F1 AR F01010 DI 10.1029/2004JF000124 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 904VT UT WOS:000227526900002 ER PT J AU Harlan, SS Premo, WR Unruh, D Geissman, JW AF Harlan, SS Premo, WR Unruh, D Geissman, JW TI Isotopic dating of meso- and neoproterozoic mafic magmatism in the southem Tobacco Root Mountains, southwestem Montana SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE geochronology; mafic dikes; uranium-lead; samarium-neodymium; rodinia; laurentia; paleomagnetism; proterozoic ID SOUTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; BEARTOOTH-MOUNTAINS; SIBERIAN CONNECTION; PURCELL SUPERGROUP; WESTERN LAURENTIA; EAST ANTARCTICA; IGNEOUS EVENTS; MOYIE SILLS; BELT BASIN AB New isotopic dating of mafic dikes in the southern Tobacco Root Mountains of southwestern Montana provides evidence for two distinct episodes of subparallel Proterozoic mafic magmatism separated by about 700 m.y. Previously published geochemical data from dikes in the southern Tobacco Root Mountains had identified three geochemical groups (termed groups A, B, and C) with apparent Rb-Sr ages of 1455 Ma (group A) and 1100-1120 Ma (groups B and C). Sm-Nd dating of a geochemical group A dike yields an age of 1448 49 Ma that is interpreted to represent the emplacement age of the dikes. This age is similar to published U-Pb dates from malic sills that intrude the nearby Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup and Laramide basement-cored uplifts of the Archean Wyoming Province. Paleomagnetic results from groups A and B dikes are similar, suggesting that the were emplaced at about the same time. We suggest that the mafic magmatism recorded by the southern Tobacco Root Mountains group A/C dikes at about 1450 Ma probably corresponds to continental extension that accompanied development of the Mesoproterozoic Belt Basin. U-Pb dating of baddeleyite from the group B dikes provides evidence for a younger magmatic event with an age of 782.4 +/- 4.9 Ma (95% confidence; +/-7.1 Ma incorporating uranium decay constant errors). This date is similar to isotopic dates from Neoproterozoic mafic dikes and sills exposed elsewhere in uplifts of the Rocky Mountain foreland and that intrude the Mesoproterozoic strata of the Belt Supergroup. Geochronologic data from elsewhere in the northern Cordillera and Canadian Shield indicate that the group B dikes in the southern Tobacco Root Mountains are part of a regional 780 Ma magmatic event that extended for more than 2400 km along the western margin of Laurentia. The origin of the magmatic event is not clear, but may be related to a mantle plume and crustal extension accompanying initial breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia and development of the proto-Pacific Ocean. No evidence of ca. 1100 Ma mafic magmatism in this part of the northern Cordillera was found. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Harlan, SS (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, MS 5F2,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM sharlan@gmu.edu NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD FEB 22 PY 2005 VL 136 IS 3-4 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2004.10.008 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 900GQ UT WOS:000227203800003 ER PT J AU Finn, CA Muller, RD Panter, KS AF Finn, CA Muller, RD Panter, KS TI A Cenozoic diffuse alkaline magmatic province (DAMP) in the southwest Pacific without rift or plume origin SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE geochemistry; geophysics; tectonics; alkaline magmatism; metasomatism ID MARIE-BYRD-LAND; ROSS-SEA-RIFT; AUSTRALIAN-ANTARCTIC DISCORDANCE; BENEATH WESTERN VICTORIA; HEAT-FLOW DATA; UPPER-MANTLE; NEW-ZEALAND; TRACE-ELEMENT; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE AB [1] Common geological, geochemical, and geophysical characteristics of continental fragments of East Gondwana and adjacent oceanic lithosphere define a long-lived, low-volume, diffuse alkaline magmatic province (DAMP) encompassing the easternmost part of the Indo-Australian Plate, West Antarctica, and the southwest portion of the Pacific Plate. A key to generating the Cenozoic magmatism is the combination of metasomatized lithosphere underlain by mantle at only slightly elevated temperatures, in contrast to large igneous provinces where mantle temperatures are presumed to be high. The SW Pacific DAMP magmatism has been conjecturally linked to rifting, strike- slip faulting, mantle plumes, or hundreds of hot spots, but all of these associations have flaws. We suggest instead that sudden detachment and sinking of subducted slabs in the late Cretaceous induced Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities along the former Gondwana margin that in turn triggered lateral and vertical flow of warm Pacific mantle. The interaction of the warm mantle with metasomatized subcontinental lithosphere that characterizes much of the SW Pacific DAMP concentrates magmatism along zones of weakness. The model may also provide a mechanism for warming south Pacific mantle and resulting Cenozoic alkaline magmatism, where the oceanic areas are characterized primarily, but not exclusively, by short-lived hot spot tracks not readily explained by conventional mantle plume theory. This proposed south Pacific DAMP is much larger and longer- lived than previously considered. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80226 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Sydney, Inst Marine Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Geol, Bowling Green, OH USA. RP Finn, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 945, Denver, CO 80226 USA. EM kpanter@bgnet.bgsu.edu RI Panter, Kurt/B-4486-2010 NR 207 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD FEB 16 PY 2005 VL 6 AR Q02005 DI 10.1029/2004GC000723 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 900JZ UT WOS:000227212500001 ER PT J AU Parsons, T AF Parsons, T TI A hypothesis for delayed dynamic earthquake triggering SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL SLIP DISTANCE; PUNCHBOWL FAULT; STRESS CHANGES; FRICTION; CALIFORNIA; PERMEABILITY; DEFORMATIONS; AFTERSHOCKS; TRANSIENT; STRAIN AB It's uncertain whether more near- field earthquakes are triggered by static or dynamic stress changes. This ratio matters because static earthquake interactions are increasingly incorporated into probabilistic forecasts. Recent studies were unable to demonstrate all predictions from the static- stress- change hypothesis, particularly seismicity rate reductions. However, current dynamic stress change hypotheses do not explain delayed earthquake triggering and Omori's law. Here I show numerically that if seismic waves can alter some frictional contacts in neighboring fault zones, then dynamic triggering might cause delayed triggering and an Omori- law response. The hypothesis depends on faults following a rate/ state friction law, and on seismic waves changing the mean critical slip distance ( Dc) at nucleation zones. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008 NR 28 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 4 AR L04302 DI 10.1029/2004GL021811 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 900KB UT WOS:000227212700003 ER PT J AU Seal, RR Jambor, JL Alpers, CN AF Seal, RR Jambor, JL Alpers, CN TI Geochemistry of sulfate minerals in high- and low-temperature environments: a tribute to Robert O Rye SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID STABLE ISOTOPE; FLUID INCLUSIONS; HYDROGEN; OXYGEN; DEPOSIT; CARBON; WATER; FRACTIONATIONS; SPHALERITE; ALUNITE C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Leslie Res & Consulting, Tsawwassen, BC V4M 3L9, Canada. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Seal, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rseal@usgs.gov; jljambor@aol.com; cnalpers@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.051 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200001 ER PT J AU Rye, RO AF Rye, RO TI A review of the stable-isotope geochemistry of sulfate minerals in selected igneous environments and related hydrothermal systems SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE review; alunite; jarosite; anhydrite; barite; apatite; stable isotopes; acid sulfate; high sulfidation; low sulfidation; porphyry deposits ID CREEDE MINING DISTRICT; SAN-JUAN MOUNTAINS; EL-CHICHON VOLCANO; ANHYDRITE-BEARING PUMICES; PORPHYRY COPPER-DEPOSITS; WEST-CENTRAL UTAH; ACID-SULFATE; 1982 ERUPTIONS; EPITHERMAL ENVIRONMENT; FLUID INCLUSIONS AB The stable-isotope geochemistry of sulfate minerals that form principally in I-type igneous rocks and in the various related hydrothermal systems that develop from their magmas and evolved fluids is reviewed with respect to the degree of approach to isotope equilibrium between minerals and their parental aqueous species. Examples illustrate classical stable-isotope systematics and principles of interpretation in terms of fundamental processes that occur in these systems to produce (1) sulfate in igneous apatite, (2) igneous anhydrite, (3) anhydrite in porphyry-type deposits, (4) magmatic-hydrothermal alunite and closely related barites in high-sulfidation mineral deposits, (5) coarse-banded alunite in magmatic-steam systems, (6) alunite and jarosite in steam-heated systems, (7) barite in low-sulfidation systems, (8) all of the above minerals, as well as soluble Al and Fe hydroxysulfates, in the shallow levels and surface of active stratovolcanoes. Although exceptions are easily recognized, frequently, the sulfur in these systems is derived from magmas that evolve fluids with high H2S/SO2. In such cases, the delta(34)S values of the igneous and hydrothermal sulfides vary much less than those of sulfate minerals that precipitate from magmas and from their evolved fluids as they interact with igneous host rocks, meteoric water, oxygen in the atmosphere, and bacteria in surface waters. Hydrogen isotopic equilibrium between alunite and water and jarosite and water is always initially attained, thus permitting reconstruction of fluid history and paleoclimates. However, complications may arise in interpretation of delta D values of magmatichydrothermal alunite in high-sulfidation gold deposits because later fluids may effect a postdepositional retrograde hydrogen-isotope exchange in the OH site of the alunite. This retrograde exchange also affects the reliability of the SO4-OH oxygen isotope fractionations in alunite for use as a geothermometer in this environment. In contrast, retrograde exchange with later fluids is not significant in the lower temperature steam-heated environment, for which SO4-OH oxygen-isotope fractionations in alunite and jarosite can be an excellent geothermometer. Sulfur isotopic disequilibrium between coexisting (but noncontemporaneous) igneous anhydrite and sulfide may occur because of loss of fluid, assimilation of country-rock sulfur during crystallization of these minerals from a magma, disequilibrium effects related to reactions between sulfur species during fluid exsolution from magma, or because of retrograde isotope exchange in the sulfides. Anhydrite and coexisting sulfide from porphyry deposits commonly closely approach sulfur-isotope equilibrium, as is indicated by the general agreement of sulfur-isotope and filling temperatures (315 to 730 degrees C) in quartz. The data from anhydrite and coexisting sulfides also record a significant range in H2S/SO42- and delta(34)S(Sigma s) among deposits and even during the course of mineralization at a single deposit. Sulfur isotopic disequilibrium among aqueous sulfur species may occur in any hydrothermal environment except the relatively high-temperature (200-400 degrees C) low-pH (< 3) magmatic-hydrothermal environment, in which SO42- forms along with H2S from the disproportionation of SO2 during the condensation of a magmatic vapor plume. Magmatic-steam alunite forms from SO42- expanding SO2-rich magmatic vapors that rise so rapidly that sulfur isotopic exchange between SO42- and H2S does not occur during disproportionation of SO2. Such alunite has delta(34)S Values similar to that of the bulk sulfur in the magma. Residence times of SO42- in steam-heated systems, although seldom long enough to permit more than partial sulfur-isotope exchange with streaming H2S, often are long enough to pen-nit oxygen-isotope equilibrium with water. In active stratovolcanoes, aqueous sulfate derived from the disproportionation of SO2 and the oxidation of H2S can also mix with that derived from the oxidation of pyrite near the surface. In the near-neutral low-sulfidation system at Creede, CO, isotopic exchange among hydrothermal aqueous species was so slow that sulfur and even oxygen isotopic signatures derived from bacteriogenic and thermochemical reduction of sulfate in moat sediments are observed in hydrothermal barite. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Rye, RO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 963, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rrye@ijsgs.gov NR 98 TC 94 Z9 103 U1 6 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 5 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.034 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200002 ER PT J AU Zimbelman, DR Rye, RO Breit, GN AF Zimbelman, DR Rye, RO Breit, GN TI Origin of secondary sulfate minerals on active andesitic stratovolcanoes SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE stratovolcanoes; acid-sulfate alteration; stable isotopes; chemical modeling; sulfates; alunite; hydroxysulfates; jarosite ID STABLE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; MOUNT ST AUGUSTINE; CASCADE RANGE; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; CITLALTEPETL VOLCANO; SOUTHERN WASHINGTON; ACID ALTERATION; EASTERN MEXICO; USU VOLCANO; FUMAROLE AB Sulfate minerals in altered rocks on the upper flanks and summits of active andesitic stratovolcanoes result from multiple processes. The origin of these sulfates at five active volcanoes, Citlaltepetl (Mexico), and Mount Adams, Hood, Rainier, and Shasta (Cascade Range, USA), was investigated using field observations, petrography, mineralogy, chemical modeling, and stable-isotope data. The four general groups of sulfate minerals identified are: (1) alunite group, (2) jarosite group, (3) readily soluble Fe- and Al-hydroxysulfates, and (4) simple alkaline-earth sulfates such as anhydrite, gypsum, and barite. Generalized assemblages of spatially associated secondary minerals were recognized: (1) alunite+silica +/- pyrite +/- kaolinite +/- gypsum +/- sulfur, (2) jarosite+alunite+silica; (3) jarosite+smectite+silica +/- pyrite, (4) Fe- and Al-hydroxysulfates+silica, and (5) simple sulfates+silica +/- Al-hydroxysulfates +/- alunite. Isotopic data verify that all sulfate and sulfide minerals and their associated alteration assemblages result largely from the introduction of sulfur-bearing magmatic gases into meteoric water in the upper levels of the volcanoes. The sulfur and oxygen isotopic data for all minerals indicate the general mixing of aqueous sulfate derived from deep (largely disproportionation of SO2 in magmatic vapor) and shallow (oxidation of pyrite or H2S) sources. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic data of alunite indicate the mixing of magmatic and meteoric fluids. Some alunite-group minerals, along with kaolinite, formed from sulfuric acid created by the disproportionation Of SO2 in a condensing magmatic vapor. Such alunite, observed only in those volcanoes whose interiors are exposed by erosion or edifice collapse, may have delta(34)S values that reflect equilibrium (350 +/- 50 degrees C) between aqueous sulfate and H2S. Alunite with delta(34)S values indicating disequilibrium between parent aqueous sulfate and H2S may form from aqueous sulfate created in higher level low-temperature environments in which SO2 is scrubbed out by groundwater or where H2S is oxidized. Jarosite-group minerals associated with smectite in only slightly altered volcanic rock are formed largely from aqueous sulfate derived from supergene oxidation of hydrothermal pyrite above the water table. Soluble Al- and Fe-hydroxysulfates form in low-pH surface environments, especially around fumaroles, and from the oxidation of hydrothermal pyrite. Anhydrite/gypsum, often associated with native sulfur and occasionally with small amounts of barite, also commonly form around fumaroles. Some occurrences of anhydrite/gypsum may be secondary, derived from the dissolution and reprecipitation of soluble sulfate. Edifice collapse may also reveal deep veins of anhydrite/gypsum barite that formed from the mixing of saline fluids with magmatic sulfate and dilute meteoric water. Alteration along structures associated with both hydrothermal and supergene sulfates, as well as the position of paleo-water tables, may be important factors in edifice collapse and resulting debris flows at some volcanoes. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 GO Logic, White Salmon, WA 98672 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Zimbelman, DR (reprint author), GO Logic, POB 1878, White Salmon, WA 98672 USA. EM Zimbelman@gorge.net NR 85 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 37 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.056 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200003 ER PT J AU Field, CW Zhang, L Dilles, JH Rye, RO Reed, MH AF Field, CW Zhang, L Dilles, JH Rye, RO Reed, MH TI Sulfur and oxygen isotopic record in sulfate and sulfide minerals of early, deep, pre-Main Stage porphyry Cu-Mo and late Main Stage base-metal mineral deposits, Butte district, Montana SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE Butte; Montana; porphyry Cu-Mo deposit; sulfur isotopes; sulfate-sulfide assemblages; oxygen isotopes; contamination ID NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; POTASSIUM-SILICATE PROTORE; HYDROTHERMAL ORE-DEPOSITS; BOULDER BATHOLITH; FLUID INCLUSIONS; BELT SUPERGROUP; COPPER-DEPOSIT; WALL-ROCK; ICP-MS; WATER AB Typical porphyry-type Cu-Mo mineralization occupies two connected domal centers, the eastern Pittsmont and western Anaconda domes, that predate and largely underlie the well-known, throughgoing, Main Stage polymetallic veins of Butte. Among the sulfur-bearing minerals recovered from deep drill core of this early pre-Main Stage hydrothermal assemblage are anhydrite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and molybdenite in veinlets bordered by K-silicate alteration, and pyrite from slightly younger quartz-pyrite veinlets with 'gray-sericitic' alteration selvages. The ranges of delta(34)S values for minerals of the K-silicate assemblage are 9.8-18.2 parts per thousand for anhydrite (n = 23 samples), 3.0 parts per thousand to 4.7 parts per thousand for molybdenite (n = 6), 0.4 parts per thousand to 3.4 parts per thousand for pyrite (n = 19), and -0.1 parts per thousand to 3.0 parts per thousand for chalcopyrite (n = 13). Sulfate-sulfide mineral fractionation is consistent with an approach to isotopic equilibrium, and calculated temperatures for mostly coexisting anhydrite-sulfide pairs (anhydrite-molybdenite, n = 6, 545 to 630 degrees C; anhydrite-pyrite, n = 13, 360 to 640 degrees C; and anhydrite-chalcopyrite, n = 8, 480 to 575 degrees C) are broadly consistent with petrological, alteration, and fluid-inclusion temperature estimates. The delta(34)S values for pyrite (n = 25) in veinlets of the 'gray-sericitic' assemblage range from 1.7 parts per thousand to 4.3 parts per thousand. The delta(34)S values for sulfides of the pre-Main Stage K-silicate and 'gray-sericitic' assemblages are similar to those of most Main Stage sulfides, for which 281 analyses by other investigators range from -3.7 parts per thousand to 4.8 parts per thousand. Sulfide-sulfide mineral pairs provide variable (-175 to 950 degrees C) and less reliable temperature estimates that hint of isotopic disequilibria. The sulfide data, alone, suggest a conventionally "magmatic" value of about 1 parts per thousand or 2 parts per thousand for Butte sulfur. However, the high modal mineral ratios of sulfate/sulfide, and the isotopic systematics of the early K-silicate assemblage, suggest that pre-Main Stage fluids may have been sulfate-rich (XSO42- approximate to 0.75) and that total sulfur was isotopically heavy (delta(34)S(Sigma S) approximate to 10 parts per thousand), which would have required an evaporitic crustal component to the relatively oxidized granitic parental magma that was the source of the hydrothermal fluids and sulfur. Modeling of brine-vapor unmixing of a 10 parts per thousand fluid, reduction of sulfate, and vapor loss suggest that these processes may have formed the isotopically heavier (14 parts per thousand to 18 parts per thousand) anhydrite of the western and shallower Anaconda Dome, contrasting with the lighter and more numerous values (9.8 parts per thousand to 12.9 parts per thousand) for anhydrite of the eastern and deeper Pittsmont Dome. Such a process might also have been able to produce the sulfide isotopic compositions of the younger 'gray-sericitic' and Main Stage zones, but the limited data for sulfates permit delta(34)S(Sigma S) compositions of either 2 parts per thousand or 10 parts per thousand for these later fluids. Oxygen isotopic data for late Main Stage barite (-0.3 parts per thousand to 12.4 parts per thousand, n = 4 samples) confirm variable meteoric water contributions to these fluids, and the data support either the absence of, or limited, sulfate-sulfide isotopic equilibrium in these samples. The delta(34)S values for sulfate-sulfur of barite are markedly variable (4.4 parts per thousand to 27.3 parts per thousand), and the unusual S-34 depletion indicates sulfur formed by oxidation of H2S. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Field, CW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fieldc@geo.oregonstate.edu NR 101 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 61 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.049 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200004 ER PT J AU Juliani, C Rye, RO Nunes, CMD Snee, LW Silva, RHC Monteiro, LVS Bettencourt, JS Neumann, R Neto, AA AF Juliani, C Rye, RO Nunes, CMD Snee, LW Silva, RHC Monteiro, LVS Bettencourt, JS Neumann, R Neto, AA TI Paleoproterozoic high-sulfidation mineralization in the Tapajos gold province, Amazonian Craton, Brazil: geology, mineralogy, alunite argon age, and stable-isotope constraints SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE alunite; high-sulfidation; epithermal system; amazonian craton; paleoproterozoic; stable isotopes; Ar-Ar age; gold; mineralization; ifiri group ID ADVANCED ARGILLIC ALTERATION; HYDROTHERMAL ORE-DEPOSITS; ACID-SULFATE ALTERATION; EPITHERMAL ENVIRONMENT; FLUID INCLUSIONS; GEOCHRONOLOGY; GEOCHEMISTRY; PORPHYRY; SYSTEM; INTERCALIBRATION AB The Brazilian Tapajos gold province contains the first evidence of high-sulfidation gold mineralization in the Amazonian Craton. The mineralization appears to be in large nested calderas. The Tapajos-Parima (or Ventuari-Tapajos) geological province consists of a metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary sequence formed during a 2.10 to 1.87 Ga ocean-continent orogeny. The high-sulfidation mineralization with magmatic-hydrothermal alunite is related to hydrothermal breccias hosted in a rhyolitic volcanic ring complex that contains granitic stocks ranging in age from 1.89 to 1.87 Ga. Cone-shaped hydrothermal breccias, which flare upward, contain vuggy silica and have an overlying brecciated cap of massive silica; the deposits are located in the uppermost part of a ring-structure volcanic cone. Drill cores of one of the hydrothermal breccias contain alunite, natroalunite, pyrophyllite, andalusite, quartz, rutile, diaspore, woodhouseite-svanbergite, kaolinite, and pyrite along with inclusions of enargite-luzonite, chalcopyrite, bornite, and covellite. The siliceous core of this alteration center is surrounded by advanced argillic and argillic alteration zones that grade outward into large areas of propylitically altered rocks with sericitic alteration assemblages at depth. Several occurrences and generations of alunite are observed. Alunite is disseminated in the advanced argillic haloes that envelop massive and vuggy silica or that underlie the brecciated silica cap. Coarse-grained alunite also occurs in branching veins and locally is partly replaced by a later generation of fine-grained alunite. Silicified hydrothermal breccias associated with the alunite contain an estimated reserve of 30 tonnes of gold in rock that grades up to 4.5 g t(-1) Au. Seven alunite samples gave Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of 1.869 to 1.846 Ga, with various degrees of apparent minor Ar loss. Stable isotopic data require a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for the alunite, typical for high-sulfidation mineralization. The delta(34)S values of most samples of alunite range from 14.0 parts per thousand to 36.9 parts per thousand. Sulfur isotopic alunite-pyrite and oxygen isotopic alunite SO4-OH temperatures range from 130 to 420 degrees C. The delta DH2O and delta(18)O(H2)O values for alunite-forming hydrothermal fluids suggest a predominance of magmatic water, with a small meteoric contribution. A rare sample of supergene alunite has a delta(34)S value of 4.1 parts per thousand and an Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 51.3 +/- 0.1 Ma. Other than local foliation in the volcanic rocks and recrystallization of alunite near faults, the mineralization and associated alteration appears to have been remarkably undisturbed by later metamorphism and by supergene alteration. The Au mineralization was preserved because of burial by sediments and tuffs in taphrogenic basins that probably developed shortly after mineralization and were probably first exhumed at about 60 Ma. Because high-sulfidation mineralization forms at relatively shallow crustal levels, the discoveries in Tapajos province provide new perspectives for mineral exploration for the Amazonian and perhaps for other Precambrian cratons. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Geociencias, BR-05508080 Sao Paulo, Brazil. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Ctr Tecnol Mineral, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Juliani, C (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Geociencias, Rua Lago 562, BR-05508080 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM cjuliani@usp.br RI Monteiro, Lena/E-5887-2012; Juliani, Caetano/E-2069-2014 OI Monteiro, Lena/0000-0003-3999-026X; NR 76 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 95 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.035 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200005 ER PT J AU Landis, GP Snee, LW Juliani, C AF Landis, GP Snee, LW Juliani, C TI Evaluation of argon ages and integrity of fluid-inclusion compositions: stepwise noble gas heating experiments on 1.87 Ga alunite from Tapajo's Province, Brazil SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE argon ages; fluid inclusion compositions; noble gases; alunite; Tapajos; Brazil ID POTASSIUM-ARGON; EARTH; NEON; GEOCHRONOLOGY; DIFFUSION; COMPONENT; MINERALS; JAROSITE; HISTORY; SULFATE AB Quantitative analyses are reported for active (N-2, CH4, CO, CO2, H-2, O-2, HF, HCl, H2S, SO2) and noble (He, Ar, Ne) gases released by crushing and step heating of magmatic-hydrothermal alunite from the Tapajos gold province in Brazil. This is the oldest known alunite (Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 1.87 Ga), and because it has undergone minimal postdepositional thermal or tectonic strain, it is excellent material to test the retention of gas species in fluid inclusions and within the crystal structure over geological time. The gas compositions of a single sample, in combination with Ar age-spectrum data derived from stepwise heating of 10 related samples, have been used to constrain the limits of modification of primary gas compositions in fluid inclusions and the possible extent of the loss of radiogenic Ar. The observed variations in the isotopic compositions of He, Ne, and Ar released by stepwise heating have been used to identify the residence sites and determine the diffusion coefficients of the gases in the mineral. The data suggest that the only modification to primary gas compositions after entrapment in fluid inclusions and formation of the mineral is due to radiogenic and nucleogenic processes which affect the noble gas isotopic compositions. Three gas retention sites are recognized in alunite: (1) primary fluid inclusions, (2) crystal structure OH sites, and (3) crystal structure sulfate sites. Alunite undergoes OH loss at < 500 degrees C, and K-SO4 structural decomposition occurs at > 600 degrees C. Fluid inclusions generally are <= 1 mu m in diameter and have variable but high vapor/liquid ratios. The gases in inclusion fluids are quantitatively released in vacuo by heating at 200 degrees C for similar to 1 h. In the inclusion fluids, H2O is 32 mol% of total gas, H2S/ SO2 ranges from approximately 4 to 2, and N-2/Ar from 0.3 to 96.3. The presence of large amounts of H-2 and CO indicates disequilibrium among the gas species in the fluids. Helium abundance is 214 ppm. Helium from fluid inclusions (R/Ra = 19.5) makes up about 4% of the total helium, whereas He (R/Ra = 0.2-2.0) from the crystal structure makes up about 65% of the total. Argon from fluid inclusions has Ar-40/Ar-36 = 584-629 and that from crystal structure sites is > 9.6 x 10(4). Most gases are released from fluid inclusions at 200 degrees C, whereas most Ar (>= 95%) is released between 525 and 725 degrees C. Argon released from fluid inclusions at 200 degrees C has Ar-38/Ar-36 = 0.0-0.064. In contrast, Ar released from the matrix of the mineral at high temperature has Ar-38/Ar-36 = 3.6-14.7. This difference suggests that, since the formation of the alunite at 1.87 Ga, traces of Cl in the mineral structure have undergone Cl (n, gamma) and 4 1 K (n, a) in situ reactions with neutrons derived from UTh. The amount of 36 Ar production from Cl nucleogenic reactions used in correcting for atmospheric Ar-40 typically increases the calculated age by 1-5 m.y., which is generally an insignificant component of the determined Ar age. Decay of U-Th over this time contributes He-4 (alpha) buildup in the crystal structure K-SO4 sites. Atmospheric corrected excess Ne-21/Ne-22 = 0.028-0.409 indicates that nucleogenic Ne was also produced via (alpha, n) reactions in matrix sites. Diffusion coefficients and activation energies for the diffusion of Ar and He, as determined using Arrhenius plots, indicate two distinct groups definable by their differences in activation energies. Argon log D-o = 2.45 and 15.33, with activation energies of 225 and 465 kJ mol(-1), respectively; the diffusion of He in alunite is quantified with log D-o = -4.33 and E = 106.8 kJ mol(-1). Model calculations of simplistic 1/e-folding times and diffusion distance-time curves indicate that He should remain in alunite for millions of years at <= 100 degrees C, whereas at < 200-220 degrees C, the alunite will retain Ar almost indefinitely. The data demonstrate why alunite is suitable for Ar geochronological applications and also show that, unless the alunite is subjected to metamorphic deformation, the inclusion fluids should retain their primary compositions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Geosci, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Landis, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 963,POB 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM g_landis@usgs.gov RI Juliani, Caetano/E-2069-2014 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 127 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.036 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200006 ER PT J AU Landis, GP Rye, RO AF Landis, GP Rye, RO TI Characterization of gas chemistry and noble-gas isotope ratios of inclusion fluids in magmatic-hydrothermal and magmatic-steam alunite SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE magmatic gas; fluid inclusions; gas chemistry; hydrogen; helium; neon; argon; noble-gas isotopes; alunite; hydrothermal fluids ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; ACID-SULFATE ALTERATION; VOLCANIC GASES; KILAUEA VOLCANO; OXYGEN FUGACITY; STABLE-ISOTOPE; EPITHERMAL ENVIRONMENT; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; AUGUSTINE VOLCANO; JERRITT CANYON AB Chemical and isotope data were obtained for the active gas and noble gas of inclusion fluids in coarse-grained samples of magmatic-hydrothermal and magmatic-steam alunite from well-studied deposits (Marysvale, Utah; Tambo, Chile; Tapajos, Brazil; Cactus, California; Pierina, Peru), most of which are discussed in this Volume. Primary fluid inclusions in the alunite typically are less than 0.2 mu m but range up to several micrometers. Analyses of the active-gas composition of these alunite-hosted inclusion fluids released in vacuo by both crushing and heating indicate consistent differences in the compositions of magmatic-hydrothermal and magmatic-steam fluids. The compositions of fluids released by crushing were influenced by contributions from significant populations of secondary inclusions that trapped largely postdepositional hydrothermal fluids. Thermally released fluids gave the best representation of the fluids that formed primary alunite. The data are consistent with current models for the evolution of magmatic-hydrothermal and magmatic-steam fluids. Magmatic-steam fluids are vapor-dominant, average about 49 mol% H2O, and contain N-2, H-2, CH4, CO, Ar, He, HF, and HCl with SO2 the dominant sulfur gas (average SO2/H2S = 202). In contrast, magmatic-hydrothermal fluids are liquid-dominant, average about 88 mol% H2O, and contain N-2, H-2, CO2, and HF, with H2S about as abundant as SO2 (average SO2/H2S = 0.7). The low SO2/H2S and N-2/Ar ratios, and the near-absence of He in magmatic-hydrothermal fluids, are consistent with their derivation from degassed condensed magmatic fluids whose evolution from reduced-to-oxidized aqueous sulfur species was governed first by rock and then by fluid buffers. The high SO2/H2S and N-2/Ar with significant concentrations of He in magmatic-steam fluids are consistent with derivation directly from it magma. None of the data supports the entrainment of atmospheric gases or mixing of air-saturated gases in meteoric water in either magmatic-hydrothermal or magmatic-steam fluids. Thus, the oxidation of SO2 to aqueous sulfate in the magmatic-steam fluids did not result from mixing with atmospheric oxygen. Both of the fluid types are characterized by high H2 contents that range from 0.2 mol% to the extraordinarily large amounts (66 mol%) observed in some magmatic-steam fluids. Modeling of gas speciation using SOLVGAS requires most of the gas species to have been in disequilibrium at the time of their trapping in the fluid inclusions. The origin of such extreme H-2 concentrations, although problematic, is thought to be largely related to accumulation of H-2 from the reaction of water with ferrous iron during the rise of magma and probably even after exsolution of fluid from a magma. The large contents of reduced gases in the inclusion fluids are far in excess of those observed in volcanic emanations, and are thought to reflect the close "sampling position" of the host alunite relative to the location of the magma. Isotope ratios of He and Ne indicate largely crustal sources for these gases in the alunite parental fluids derived from Tertiary magmas, but a greater mantle component for the gases in alunite parental fluids derived from Proterozoic magmas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Landis, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 963,POB 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM g_landis@usgs.gov NR 87 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 155 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.037 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200007 ER PT J AU Deyell, CL Rye, RO Landis, GP Bissig, T AF Deyell, CL Rye, RO Landis, GP Bissig, T TI Alunite and the role of magmatic fluids in the Tambo high-sulfidation deposit, El Indio-Pascua belt, Chile SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE alunite; El Indio-Pascua belt; Tambo deposit; acid-sulfate; stable isotopes; epithermal; gold ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; PORPHYRY COPPER-DEPOSIT; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; HYDROTHERMAL ORE-DEPOSITS; ACID-SULFATE ALTERATION; EPITHERMAL ENVIRONMENT; AQUEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB The Tambo high-sulfidation deposit, located within the El Indio-Pascua belt in Chile, produced almost 25 t (0.8 M oz) of gold from altered Tertiary rhyodacitic volcanic rocks. Episodic magmatic-hydrothermal activity in the district occurred over at least 4 my and is characterized by several stages of acid-sulfate alteration, including magmatic-hydrothermal, magmatic steam, steam-heated, and apparent supergene assemblages. Two stages of Au +/- Ag mineralization are recognized and are hosted in barite and alunite within hydrothermal breccias and veins. Isotopic compositions of fluid in alunite show a dominant magmatic signature, with only a variable O-18-enriched meteoric water component throughout the entire hydrothermal process. Alunite Ar-40/Ar-39 ages constrain the timing of alteration and the duration of the hydrothermal system. Pre-ore alteration occurred at about 10 to 11 Ma and was contemporaneous with the volcanism of the Tambo Formation. Alunite from this stage of alteration occurs in the matrix of barren breccias and as fine intergrowths of alunite-quartz clays that selectively replaced feldspars and pumice fragments. The textural relationships combined with stable-isotope systematics suggest a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for the alunite, with a local magmatic steam overprint. Early ore-stage alunite (8.7 +/- 0.2 Ma) occurs with barite and gold +/- walthierite within open spaces of the breccia matrix, and has delta(34)S values (24-27 parts per thousand) typical of magmatic-hydrothermal alunite, reflecting equilibrium between aqueous H2S and SO42-. Fluid-inclusion ratios of H2S/SO2 (approximately 6) are consistent with ratios determined from stable-isotope data, and indicate reduced fluid conditions during ore deposition. Vapor-phase transport of An, and deposition from condensed magmatic vapor rising from the brittle-ductile transition is inferred. Late gold coprecipitated with a third stage of alunite (8.2 +/- 0.2 Ma) that is characterized by nearly uniform chemical compositions delta(34)S and values (1 parts per thousand) similar to those for associated enargite, reflecting disequilibrium between H2S and SO42-. This third-stage of alunite is isotopically and chemically similar to that of post-ore, coarse, banded alunite +/- hematite +/- quartz veins that crosscut the breccias in the Tambo area. Analyses of fluid-inclusion gas from alunite in these veins indicate high SO2 and disequilibrium CO2-CO-CH4-H-2 species, consistent with a magmatic-steam origin. The gases are also depleted in He, and the late gold-bearing alunite was probably precipitated from rapidly ascending SO2-rich vapors that were flashed from condensed magmatic fluids located below the brittle-ductile transition. Alunite-huangite veins (8.6 +/- 0.4 Ma) were formed intermediate to the two mineralizing events. Steam-heated alunite (8.9 +/- 0.4 Ma), derived from the oxidation of H2S within the vadose zone, is preserved at the highest elevations and overlaps with Stage 2 ore deposition. Post-mineral alunite +/- jarosite (7.3 +/- 0.1 Ma) occurs as apparent supergene crosscutting veins and overgrowths. Stable-isotope data, however, indicate a strong magmatic component to both near-surface and late-stage alunite-forming fluids. This dominant magmatic fluid signature at high levels during the waning stages of hydrothermal activity is ttributed to climatic and physiographic conditions specific to the El Indio-Pascua belt during the Middle to Late Miocene. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Mineral Deposit Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Deyell, CL (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Ctr Ore Deposit Res, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM cdeyell@utas.edu.au RI Bissig, Thomas/A-6004-2008 NR 120 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 185 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.038 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200008 ER PT J AU Fifarek, RH Rye, RO AF Fifarek, RH Rye, RO TI Stable-isotope geochemistry of the Pierina high-sulfidation Au-Ag deposit, Peru: influence of hydrodynamics on SO42--H2S sulfur isotopic exchange in magmatic-steam and steam-heated environments SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE stable isotopes; high-sulfidation; isotopic exchange; steam-heated; magmatic-steam; Pierina; Peru ID ACID-SULFATE ALTERATION; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; FLUID INCLUSION; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; FRACTIONATION FACTORS; WATER; CU; HYDROGEN; EVOLUTION; O-18-O-16 AB The Pierina high-sulfidation Au-Ag deposit formed 14.5 my ago in rhyolite ash flow tuffs that overlie porphyritic andesite and dacite lavas and are adjacent to a crosscutting and interfingering dacite flow dome complex. The distribution of alteration zones indicates that fluid flow in the lavas was largely confined to structures but was dispersed laterally in the tuffs because of a high primary and alteration-induced permeability. The lithologically controlled hydrodynamics created unusual fluid, temperature, and pH conditions that led to complete SO42--H2S isotopic equilibration during the formation of some magmatic-steam and steam-heated alunite, a phenomenon not previously recognized in similar deposits. Isotopic data for early magmatic hydrothermal and main-stage alunite (delta S-34 = 8.5 parts per thousand to 31.7 parts per thousand; delta O-18(SO4) = 4.9 parts per thousand to 16.5 parts per thousand; delta O-18(OH) = 2.2 parts per thousand to 14.4 parts per thousand; delta D = -97 parts per thousand to -39 parts per thousand), sulfides (delta S-34 = -3.0 parts per thousand to 4.3 parts per thousand), sulfur (delta S-34 = - 1.0 parts per thousand, to 1.1 parts per thousand), and clay minerals (delta O-18 = 4.3 parts per thousand to 12.5 parts per thousand; delta D = - 126 parts per thousand to -81 parts per thousand) are typical of high-sulfidation epithermal deposits. The data imply the following genetic elements for Pierina alteration-mineralization: (1) fluid and vapor exsolution from an I-type magma, (2) wallrock buffering and cooling of slowing rising vapors to generate a reduced (H2S/SO4 = 6) highly acidic condensate that mixed with meteoric water but retained a magmatic delta S-34(Sigma S) signature of - 1 parts per thousand, (3) SO2 disproportionation to HSO4- and H2S between 320 and 180 degrees C, and (4) progressive neutralization of laterally migrating acid fluids to form a vuggy quartz -> alunite-quartz clay -> intermediate argillic -> propylitic alteration zoning. Magmatic-steam alunite has higher delta S-34 (8.5 parts per thousand to 23.2 parts per thousand) and generally lower delta O-18(SO4) (1.0 to 11.5 parts per thousand), delta O-18(OH) (-3.4 to 5.9 parts per thousand), and delta D (- 93 to - 77 parts per thousand) values than predicted on the basis of data from similar occurrences. These data and supporting fluid-inclusion gas chemistry imply that the rate of vapor ascent for this environment was unusually slow, which provided S02 sufficient time for the uptake of groundwater and partial to complete SO42--H2S isotopic exchange. The slow steam velocities were likely related to the dispersal of the steam column as it entered the tuffs and possibly to intermediate exsolution rates from magmatic brine. The low delta D values may also partly reflect continuous degassing of the mineralizing magma. Similarly, data for steam-heated alunite (delta S-34 = 12.3 parts per thousand to 27.2 parts per thousand; delta O-18(SO4) = 11.7 parts per thousand, to 13.0 parts per thousand; delta O-18(OH) = 6.6 parts per thousand to 9.4 parts per thousand; delta D = -59 parts per thousand to -42 parts per thousand) are unusual and indicate a strong magmatic influence, relatively high temperatures (140 to 180 degrees C, based on Delta(18) O-SO4 - OH fractionations), and partial to complete sulfur isotopic exchange between steam-heated sulfate and H2S. Restricted lithologically controlled fluid flow in the host tuffs allowed magmatic condensate to supplant meteoric groundwater at the water table and the high-temperature low-pH conditions that permitted unusually rapid 4 -H,S isotopic equilibration (50-300 days) and (or) long sulfate residence times for this environment. Late void-filling barite (delta S-34 = 7.4 parts per thousand to 29.7 parts per thousand; delta O-18(SO4) = -0.4 parts per thousand to 15.1 parts per thousand) and later void-filling goethite (delta O-18 = - 11.8 parts per thousand to 0.2 parts per thousand) document a transition from magmatic condensate to dominantly meteoric water in steam-heated fluids during cooling and collapse of the hydrothermal system. These steam-heated fluids oxidized the top similar to 300 m of the deposit by leaching sulfides, redistributing metals, and precipitating barite +/- acanthite +/- gold and goethite-hematite gold. Steam-heated oxidation, rather than weathering, was critical to forming the orebody in that it not only released encapsulated gold but likely enriched the deposit to ore-grade Au concentrations. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Geol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Fifarek, RH (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Geol, MC 4324, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM fifarek@geo.siu.edu NR 70 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 253 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.040 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200011 ER PT J AU Bethke, PM Rye, RO Stoffregen, RE Vikre, PG AF Bethke, PM Rye, RO Stoffregen, RE Vikre, PG TI Evolution of the magmatic-hydrothermal acid-sulfate system at Summitville, Colorado: integration of geological, stable-isotope, and fluid-inclusion evidence SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE alunite; stable isotopes; fluid inclusions; high-solfidation; epithermal; Summitville; Colorado ID EPITHERMAL GOLD DEPOSIT; CLAY-MINERALS; PORPHYRY; GEOCHEMISTRY; HYDROGEN; WATER; ENVIRONMENT; H2O-NACL; EXCHANGE; ALUNITE AB The Summitville Au-Ag-Cu deposit is a classic volcanic dome-hosted high-sulfidation deposit. It occurs in the Quartz Latite of South Mountain, a composite volcanic dome that was emplaced along the coincident margins of the Platoro and Summitville calderas at 22.5 +/- 0.5 Ma, penecontemporaneous with alteration and mineralization. A penecomemporaneous quartz monzonite porphyry intrusion underlies the district and is cut and overlain by pyrite-quartz stockwork veins with traces of chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Alteration and mineralization proceeded through three hypogene stages and a supergene stage, punctuated by at least three periods of hydrothermal brecciation. Intense acid leaching along fractures in the quartz latite produced irregular pipes and lenticular pods of vuggy silica enclosed sequentially by alteration zones of quartz-alunite, quartz-kaolinite, and clay. The acid-sulfate-altered rocks host subsequent covellite+enargite/luzonite+chalcopyrite mineralization accompanied by kaolinite, and later barite-base-metal veins, some containing high Au values and kaolinite. The presence of both liquid- and vapor-rich fluid inclusions indicates the episodic presence of a low-density fluid at all levels of the system. In the mineralized zone, liquid-rich fluid inclusions in healed fractures in quartz phenocrysts and in quartz associated with mineralization homogenize to temperatures between 160 and 390 degrees C (90% between 190 and 310 degrees C), consistent with the range (200-250 degrees C) estimated from the fractionation of sulfur isotopes between coexisting alunite and pyrite. A deep alunite-pyrite pair yielded a sulfur-isotope temperature of 390 degrees C, marking a transition from hydrostatic to lithostatic pressure at a depth of about 1.5 km. Two salinity populations dominate the liquid-rich fluid inclusions. One has salinities between 0 and 5 wt.% NaCl equivalent; the other has salinities of up to 43 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The occurrence of high-salinity fluid inclusions in vein quartz associated with mineralization, as well as in the deep stockwork veins, suggests that brines originating deep in the system transported the metals. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Bethke, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM pbethke@usgs.gov NR 85 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 281 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.041 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200012 ER PT J AU Cunningham, GG Rye, RO Rockwell, BW Kunk, MJ Councell, TB AF Cunningham, GG Rye, RO Rockwell, BW Kunk, MJ Councell, TB TI Supergene destruction of a hydrothermal replacement alunite deposit at Big Rock Candy Mountain, Utah: mineralogy, spectroscopic remote sensing, stable-isotope, and argon-age evidences SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE supergene; alunite; stable isotopes; natrojarosite; jarosite; Marysvale ID WATER; MARYSVALE; POTASSIUM; JAROSITE; FIELD AB Big Rock Candy Mountain is a prominent center of variegated altered volcanic rocks in west-central Utah. It consists of the eroded remnants of a hypogene alunite deposit that, at similar to 21 Ma, replaced intermediate-composition lava flows. The alunite formed in steam-heated conditions above the upwelling limb of a convection cell that was one of at least six spaced at 3- to 4-km intervals around the margin of a monzonite stock. Big Rock Candy Mountain is horizontally zoned outward from an alunite core to respective kaolinite, dickite, and propylite envelopes. The altered rocks are also vertically zoned from a lower pyrite-propylite assemblage upward through assemblages successively dominated by hypogene alunite, jarosite, and hematite, to a flooded silica cap. This hydrothermal assemblage is undergoing natural destruction in a steep canyon downcut by the Sevier River in Marysvale Canyon. Integrated geological, mineralogical, spectroscopic remote sensing using AVIRIS data, Ar radiometric, and stable isotopic studies trace the hypogene origin and supergene destruction of the deposit and permit distinction of primary (hydrothermal) and secondary (weathering) processes. This destruction has led to the formation of widespread supergene gypsum in cross-cutting fractures and as surficial crusts, and to natrojarosite, that gives the mountain its buff coloration along ridges facing the canyon. A small spring, Lemonade Spring, with a pH of 2.6 and containing Ca, Mg, Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Cl, and SO4, also occurs near the bottom of the canyon. The Ar-40/Ar-39 age (21.32 +/- 0.07 Ma) of the alunite is similar to that for other replacement alunites at Marysvale. However, the age spectrum contains evidence of a 6.6-Ma thermal event that can be related to the tectonic activity responsible for the uplift that led to the downcutting of Big Rock Candy Mountain by the Sevier River. This similar to 6.6 Ma event also is present in the age spectrum of supergene natrojarosite forming today, and probably dates the beginning of supergene alteration at Big Rock Candy Mountain. The delta(34)S value (11.9 parts per thousand) of alunite is similar to those for replacement alunite from other deposits in the Marysvale volcanic field. The delta(34)S values of natrojarosite (0.7 parts per thousand to -1.2 parts per thousand) similar to those for aqueous sulfate in Lemonade Spring, but are larger than those in pyrite (0.4 parts per thousand to -4.7 parts per thousand). The 634 S and delta(18)O(SO4), values of gypsum show an excellent correlation, with values ranging from 15.2 parts per thousand to -5.2 parts per thousand and 7 parts per thousand to -8.2 parts per thousand, respectively. The stable-isotope data indicate that the aqueous sulfate for gypsum is a mixture derived from the dissolution of hypogene gypsum and alunite, and from the supergene oxidation of pyrite. The aqueous sulfate for the natrojarosite, however, is derived largely from the supergene oxidation of pyrite, with a minor contribution from the dissolution of alunite and gypsum. The exceptional detailed spectral mapping capabilities of AVIRIS led to the recognition of a small amount of jarosite that is probably the top of the steam-heated system that produced the primary hypogene alteration at Big Rock Candy Mountain. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Cunningham, GG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cunningham@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 317 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.055 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200013 ER PT J AU Lueth, VW Rye, RO Peters, L AF Lueth, VW Rye, RO Peters, L TI "Sour gas" hydrothermal jarosite: ancient to modem acid-sulfate mineralization in the southern Rio Grande Rift SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE Rio Grande rift; sour gas; jarosite; stable isotopes; Ar-40/Ar-39 ID NEW-MEXICO; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; FLUID INCLUSIONS; FORMATION WATERS; CARLSBAD CAVERN; ALUNITE; GEOCHEMISTRY; ILLINOIS; DEPOSITS; SULFUR AB As many as 29 mining districts along the Rio Grande Rift in southern New Mexico contain Rio Grande Rift-type (RGR) deposits consisting of fluorite-barite +/- sulfide-jarosite, and additional RGR deposits occur to the south in the Basin and Range province near Chihuahua, Mexico. Jarosite occurs in many of these deposits as a late-stage hydrothermal mineral coprecipitated with fluorite, or in veinlets that crosscut barite. In these deposits, many of which are limestone-hosted, jarosite is followed by natrojarosite and is nested within silicified or argillized wallrock and a sequence of fluorite-barite sulfide and late hematite-gypsum. These deposits range in age from similar to 10 to 0.4 Ma on the basis of Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of jarosite. There is a crude north-south distribution of ages, with older deposits concentrated toward the south. Recent deposits also occur in the south, but are confined to the central axis of the rift and are associated with modem geothermal systems. The duration of hydrothermal jarosite mineralization in one of the deposits was approximately 1.0 my. Most Delta(18)O(SO4)-OH values indicate that jarosite precipitated between 80 and 240 degrees C, which is consistent with the range of filling temperatures of fluid inclusions in late fluorite throughout the rift, and in jarosite (180 degrees C) from Pena Blanca, Chihuahua, Mexico. These temperatures, along with mineral occurrence, require that the jarosite have had a hydrothermal origin in a shallow steam-heated environment wherein the low pH necessary for the precipitation of jarosite was achieved by the oxidation of H2S derived from deeper hydrothermal fluids. The jarosite also has high trace-element contents (notably As and F), and the jarosite parental fluids have calculated isotopic signatures similar to those of modem geothermal waters along the southern rift; isotopic values range from those typical of meteoric water to those of deep brine that has been shown to form from the dissolution of Permian evaporite by deeply circulating meteoric water. Jarosite delta(34)S values range from -24 parts per thousand to 5 parts per thousand, overlapping the values for barite and gypsum at the high end of the range and for sulfides at the low end. Most delta(34)S values for barite are 10.6 parts per thousand to 13.1 parts per thousand and many delta(34)S values for gypsum range from 13.1 parts per thousand to 13.9 parts per thousand indicating that a component of aqueous sulfate was derived from Permian evaporites (delta(34)S = 12 +/- 2 parts per thousand). The requisite H2SO4 for jarosite formation was derived from oxidation of H2S which was likely largely sour gas derived from the thermochemical reduction of Permian sulfate. The low delta(34)S values for the precursor H2S probably resulted from exchange deeper in the basin with the more abundant Permian SO42-- at similar to 150 to 200 degrees C. Jarosite formed at shallow levels after the PH buffering capacity of the host rock (typically limestone) was neutralized by precipitation of earlier minerals. Some limestone-hosted deposits contain caves that may have been caused by the low pH of the deep basin fluids due to the addition of deep-seated HF and other magmatic gases during periods of renewed rifting. Caves in other deposits may be due to sulfuric acid speleogenesis as a result of H2S incursion into oxygenated groundwaters. The isotopic data in these "sour gas" jarosite occurrences encode a recod of episodic tectonic or hydrologic processes that have operated in the rift over the last 10 my. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lueth, VW (reprint author), New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM vwlueth@nmt.edu NR 67 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 339 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.042 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200014 ER PT J AU Wood, WW Sanford, WE Frape, SK AF Wood, WW Sanford, WE Frape, SK TI Chemical openness and potential for misinterpretation of the solute environment of coastal sabkhat SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE Abu Dhabi; Sabkha; sedimentary petrology; hypersaline; anhydrite ID EVAPORITE DEPOSITION AB Sabkha deposits in the geologic record are commonly used to interpret the environmental conditions of deposition. Implicit in this use is the assumption that the solute system is chemically closed, that is, the authigenic minerals represent the composition of the fluids in their environment of origin. Thermodynamic and mass-balance calculations based on measurements of water and solute flux of contemporary Abu Dhabi coastal sabkha system, however, demonstrate that the system is open for sodium and chloride, where nearly half of the input is lost, but closed for sulfur, where nearly 100% is retained. Sulfur and chloride isotopes were consistent with this observation. If these sabkha deposits were preserved in the geologic record, they would suggest a solute environment rich in sulfate and poor in chloride; yet the reverse is true. In most coastal-sabkha environments, capillary forces bring solutes and water to the surface, where the water evaporates and halite, carnallite, sylvite, and other soluble minerals are precipitated. Retrograde minerals, such as anhydrite, calcite, dolomite, and gypsum, however, precipitate and accumulate in the capillary zone beneath the surface of the coastal sabkha. Because they possess relatively low solubility and are below the surface, these retrograde minerals are protected from dissolution and physical erosion occurring from infrequent but intense rainfall events. Thus, they are more likely to be preserved in the geological record than highly soluble minerals formed on the surface. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Wood, WW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Room 206 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wwwood@msu.edu NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 361 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.043 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200015 ER PT J AU Jamieson, HE Robinson, C Alpers, CN McCleskey, RB Nordstrom, DK Peterson, RC AF Jamieson, HE Robinson, C Alpers, CN McCleskey, RB Nordstrom, DK Peterson, RC TI Major and trace element composition of copiapite-group minerals and coexisting water from the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, California SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE copiapite group; Fe sulfates; acid mine drainage; trace elements ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SULFATE MINERALS; NEGATIVE PH; CHEMISTRY; DRAINAGE; DEPOSITS; SALTS; SITE; USA AB Copiapite-group minerals of the general formula AR(4)(SO4)(6)(OH)(2)center dot nH(2)O, where A is predominantly Mg, Fe2+, or 0.67Al(3+), R is predominantly Fe, and n is typically 20, are among several secondary hydrous Fe sulfates occurring in the inactive mine workings of the massive sulfide deposit at Iron Mountain, CA, a USEPA Superfund site that produces extremely acidic drainage. Samples of copiapite-group minerals, some with coexisting water, were collected from the Richmond mine. Approximately 200 mL of brownish pore water with a pH of -0.9 were extracted through centrifugation from a 10-L sample of moist copiapite-group minerals taken from pyritic muck piles. The pore water is extremely rich in ferric iron (Fe3+ = 149 g L-1, Fe-T = 162 g L-1) and has a density of 1.52 g mL(-1). The composition of the pore water is interpreted in the context of published phase relations in the Fe2O3-SO3-H2O system and previous work on the chemistry of extremely acid mine waters and associated minerals in the Richmond mine. Two distinct members of the copiapite mineral group were identified in the samples with coexisting water: (1) abundant magnesiocopiapite consisting of platy crystals 10 to 50 mu m and (2) minor aluminocopiapite present as smaller platy crystals that form spheroidal aggregates. The average composition (n=5) of the magnesiocopiapite is (Mg0.9Fe0.172+Zn0.02- Cu-0.01)(Sigma 1.10)(Fe3.833+Al0.09)(Sigma 3.92)(SO4)(6.00)(OH)(1.96)center dot 20H(2)O. Bulk compositions determined by digestion and wet-chemical analysis are consistent with the microanalytical results. These results suggest that magnesiocopiapite is the least soluble member of the copiapite group under the prevailing conditions. Micro-PIXE analysis indicates that the copiapite-group minerals in this sample sequester Zn (average 1420 ppm), with lesser amounts of Cu (average 270 ppm) and As (average 64 ppm). (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Jamieson, HE (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM jamieson@geol.queensu.ca OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365; McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052 NR 56 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 387 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.10.001 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200017 ER PT J AU Hammarstrom, JM Seal, RR Meier, AL Kornfeld, JM AF Hammarstrom, JM Seal, RR Meier, AL Kornfeld, JM TI Secondary sulfate minerals associated with acid drainage in the eastern US: recycling of metals and acidity in surficial environments SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE sulfate minerals; mineralogy; acid rock drainage; eastern USA ID 0.1 MPA; IRON-MOUNTAIN; SCHWERTMANNITE; GROUNDWATER; EQUILIBRIA; WATERS; SALTS; MINERALIZATION; PRECIPITATION; MELANTERITE AB Weathering of metal-sulfide minerals produces suites of variably soluble efflorescent sulfate salts at a number of localities in the eastern United States. The salts, which are present on mine wastes, tailings piles, and outcrops, include minerals that incorporate heavy metals in solid solution, primarily the highly soluble members of the melanterite, rozenite, epsomite, halotrichite, and copiapite groups. The minerals were identified by a combination of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron-microprobe. Base-metal salts are rare at these localities, and Cu, Zn, and Co are commonly sequestered as solid solutions within Fe- and Fe-Al sulfate minerals. Salt dissolution affects the surface-water chemistry at abandoned mines that exploited the massive sulfide deposits in the Vermont copper belt, the Mineral district of central Virginia, the Copper Basin (Ducktown) mining district of Tennessee, and where sulfide-bearing metamorphic rocks undisturbed by mining are exposed in Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee. Dissolution experiments on composite salt samples from three minesites and two outcrops of metamorphic rock showed that, in all cases, the pH of the leachates rapidly declined from 6.9 to < 3.7, and specific conductance increased gradually over 24 h. Leachates analyzed after 24-h dissolution experiments indicated that all of the salts provided ready sources of dissolved Al (> 30 mg L-1), Fe (> 47 mg L-1), sulfate (> 1000 mg L-1), and base metals (> 1000 mg L-1 for minesites, and 2 mg L-1 for other sites). Geochemical modeling of surface waters, mine-waste leachates, and salt leachates using PHREEQC software predicted saturation in the observed ochre minerals, but significant concentration by evaporation would be needed to reach saturation in most of the sulfate salts. Periodic surface-water monitoring at Vermont minesites indicated peak annual metal loads during spring runoff. At the Virginia site, where no winter-long snowpack develops, metal loads were highest during summer months when salts were dissolved periodically by rainstorms following sustained evaporation during dry spells. Despite the relatively humid climate of the eastern United States, where precipitation typically exceeds evaporation, salts form intermittently in open areas, persist in protected areas when temperature and relative humidity are appropriate, and contribute to metal loadings and acidity in surface waters upon dissolution, thereby causing short-term perturbations in water quality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH USA. RP Hammarstrom, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jhammars@usgs.gov NR 90 TC 134 Z9 136 U1 4 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 407 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.053 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200018 ER PT J AU Montero, IC Brimhall, GH Alpers, CN Swayze, GA AF Montero, IC Brimhall, GH Alpers, CN Swayze, GA TI Characterization of waste rock associated with acid drainage at the Penn Mine, California, by ground-based visible to short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy assisted by digital mapping SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE reflectance spectroscopy; acid mine drainage; jarosite; copiapite; goethite; hematite; Fe sulfates ID IRON HYDROXY SULFATES; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; MINERALOGY; POWDERS; OXIDES AB Prior to remediation at the abandoned Cu-Zn Penn Mine in the Foothills massive sulfide belt of the Sierra Nevada, CA, acid mine drainage (AMD) was created, in part, by the subaerial oxidation of sulfides exposed on several waste piles. To support remediation efforts, a mineralogical study of the waste piles was undertaken by acquiring reflectance spectra (measured in the visible to short-wave infrared range of light (0.35-2.5 mu m) using a portable, digitally integrated pen tablet PC mapping system with differential global positioning system and laser rangefinder support. Analysis of the spectral data made use of a continuum removal and band-shape comparison method, and of reference spectral libraries of end-member minerals and mineral mixtures. Identification of secondary Fe-bearing minerals focused on band matching in the region between 0.43 and 1.3 mu m. Identification of sheet and other silicates was based on band-shape analysis in the region between 1.9 and 2.4 mu m. Analysis of reflectance spectra of characterized rock samples from the mine helped in gauging the spectral response to particle size and mixtures. The resulting mineral maps delineated a pattern of accumulation of secondary Fe minerals, wherein centers of copiapite and jarosite that formed at low pH (< 3) were surrounded successively by goethite and hematite, which mark progressive increases in pH. This pattern represents the evolution of acid solutions discharged from the pyritic waste piles and the subsequent accumulation of secondary precipitates by hydrolysis reactions. The results highlight the high capacity of the pyritic waste to release further acid mine drainage into the environment, as well as the effectiveness of the mapping method to detect subtle changes in surface mineralogy and to produce maps useful to agencies responsible for remediating the site. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Earth Resources Ctr Digital Mapping Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Montero, IC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM irenemontero@yahoo.es OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 60 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 453 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.045 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200020 ER PT J AU Chou, IM Seal, RR AF Chou, IM Seal, RR TI Determination of goslarite-bianchite equilibria by the humidity-buffer technique at 0.1 MPa SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Geol Soc Amer DE hydrated zinc sulfates; humidity; experimental; goslarite; bianchite ID ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; IRON-MOUNTAIN; DISSOCIATION; MELANTERITE; CALIFORNIA; MINE AB Goslarite-bianchite equilibria were determined along four humidity-buffer curves at 0.1 MPa and between 27 and 36 degrees C. Results, based on tight reversals along each humidity buffer, can be represented by ln K (+/- 0.005) = 19.643-7015.38/T, where K is the equilibrium constant and T is temperature in K. Our data are in excellent agreement with several previous vapor-pressure measurements and are consistent with the solubility data reported in the literature. Thermodynamic analysis of these data yields 9.634 (+/- 0.056) kJ mol(-1) for the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction, which is in good agreement with the value of 9.658 kJ mol(-1) calculated from the thermodynamic data compiled and evaluated by Wagman et al. Published by Elsevie B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Chou, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM imchou@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-4 BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.047 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 908OS UT WOS:000227797200023 ER PT J AU Jarrett, BD Hine, AC Halley, RB Naar, DF Locker, SD Neumann, AC Twichell, D Hu, C Donahue, BT Jaap, WC Palandro, D Ciembronowicz, K AF Jarrett, BD Hine, AC Halley, RB Naar, DF Locker, SD Neumann, AC Twichell, D Hu, C Donahue, BT Jaap, WC Palandro, D Ciembronowicz, K TI Strange bedfellows - a deep-water hermatypic coral reef superimposed on a drowned barrier island; southern Pulley Ridge, SW Florida platform margin SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biostrome; hermatypic reef; barrier islands paleoshoreline; sea-level change ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; CARBONATE RAMP SLOPE; CENTRAL WEST FLORIDA; SEA-LEVEL; LAST DEGLACIATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MEXICO; GULF; CIRCULATION; RECORD AB The southeastern component of a subtle ridge feature extending over 200 kin along the western ramped margin of the south Florida platform, known as Pulley Ridge, is composed largely of a non-reefal, coastal marine deposit. Modem biostromal reef growth caps southern Pulley Ridge (SPR), making it the deepest hermatypic reef known in American waters. Subsurface ridge strata are layered, lithified, and display a barrier island geomorphology. The deep-water reef community is dominated by platy scleractinian corals, leafy green algae, and coralline algae. Up to 60% live coral cover is observed in 60-75 m of water, although only 1-2% of surface light is available to the reef community. Vertical reef accumulation is thin and did not accompany initial ridge submergence during the most recent sea-level rise. The delayed onset of reef growth likely resulted from several factors influencing Gulf waters during early stages of the last deglaciation (similar to14 kyr B.P.) including; cold, low-salinity waters derived from discrete meltwater pulses, high-frequency sea-level fluctuations, and the absence of modem oceanic circulation patterns. Currently, reef growth is supported by the Loop Current, the prevailing western boundary current that impinges upon the southwest Florida platform, providing warm, clear, low-nutrient waters to SPR. The rare discovery of a preserved non-reefal lowstand shoreline capped by rich hermatypic deep-reef growth on a tectonically stable continental shelf is significant for both accurate identification of late Quaternary sea-level position and in better constraining controls on the depth limits of hermatypic reefs and their capacity for adaptation to extremely low light levels. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Florida Marine Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Jarrett, BD (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM bjarrett@marine.usf.edu; hine@marine.usf.edu; rhalley@usgs.gov; naar@marine.usf.edu; stan@marine.usf.edu; aneumann@email.unc.edu; dtwichell@usgs.gov; hu@carbon.marine.usf.edu; briand@marine.usf.edu; Walt.Jaap@fwc.state.fl.us; palandro@marine.usf.edu; kciembro@usgs.gov RI hu, chuanmin/J-5021-2012 NR 44 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 214 IS 4 BP 295 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.11.012 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 897UD UT WOS:000227030000001 ER PT J AU Hu, CM Chen, ZQ Clayton, TD Swarzenski, P Brock, JC Muller-Karger, FE AF Hu, CM Chen, ZQ Clayton, TD Swarzenski, P Brock, JC Muller-Karger, FE TI Assessment of estuarine water-quality indicators using MODIS medium-resolution bands: Initial results from Tampa Bay, FL (vol 93, pg 423, 2004) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, IMaRS, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, IMaRS, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM hu@seas.marine.usf.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 3 BP 425 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.11.004 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 895RE UT WOS:000226879900012 ER PT J AU Tesoriero, AJ Spruill, TB Mew, HE Farrell, KM Harden, SL AF Tesoriero, AJ Spruill, TB Mew, HE Farrell, KM Harden, SL TI Nitrogen transport and transformations in a coastal plain watershed: Influence of geomorphology on flow paths and residence times SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; RIPARIAN ZONE; GROUND-WATER; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CCL3F; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; NITRATE REMOVAL; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; DATING TOOLS AB Nitrogen transport and groundwater-surface water interactions were examined in a coastal plain watershed in the southeastern United States. Groundwater age dates, calculated using chlorofluorocarbon and tritium concentrations, along with concentrations of nitrogen species and other redox-active constituents, were used to evaluate the fate and transport of nitrate. Nitrate is stable only in recently recharged (<10 years) water found in the upper few meters of saturated thickness in the upland portion of a surficial aquifer. Groundwater with a residence time between 10 and 30 years typically has low nitrate and elevated excess N-2 concentrations, indications that denitrification has reduced nitrate concentrations. Groundwater older than 30 years also has low nitrate concentrations but contains little or no excess N-2, suggesting that this water did not contain elevated concentrations of nitrate along its flow path. Nitrate transport to streams varies between first- and third-order streams. Hydrologic, lithologic, and chemical data suggest that the surficial aquifer is the dominant source of flow and nitrate to a first-order stream. Iron-reducing conditions occur in groundwater samples from the bed and banks of the first- order stream, suggesting that direct groundwater discharge is denitrified prior to entering the stream. However, nitrogen from the surficial aquifer is transported directly to the stream via a tile drain that bypasses these reduced zones. In the alluvial valley of a third-order stream the erosion of a confining layer creates a much thicker unconfined alluvial aquifer with larger zones of nitrate stability. Age dating and chemical information (SiO2, Na/K ratios) suggest that water in the alluvial aquifer is derived from short flow paths through the riparian zone and/or from adjacent streams during high-discharge periods. C1 US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. N Carolina Dept Environm Environm & Nat Resources, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. N Carolina Geol Survey, Coastal Plain Off, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. RP Tesoriero, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM tesorier@usgs.gov; tspruill@usgs.gov; mew@ncmail.net; kathleen.farrell@ncmail.net; slharden@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 8 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 AR W02008 DI 10.1029/2003WR002953 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 898HP UT WOS:000227067800001 ER PT J AU Walvoord, MA Striegl, RG Prudic, DE Stonestrom, DA AF Walvoord, MA Striegl, RG Prudic, DE Stonestrom, DA TI CO2 dynamics in the Amargosa Desert: Fluxes and isotopic speciation in a deep unsaturated zone SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; VADOSE ZONE; SEDIMENTS; RESPIRATION; STORAGE; NEVADA; PLAINS; AGE AB Natural unsaturated-zone gas profiles at the U. S. Geological Survey's Amargosa Desert Research Site, near Beatty, Nevada, reveal the presence of two physically and isotopically distinct CO2 sources, one shallow and one deep. The shallow source derives from seasonally variable autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in the root zone. Scanning electron micrograph results indicate that at least part of the deep CO2 source is associated with calcite precipitation at the 110-m-deep water table. We use a geochemical gas-diffusion model to explore processes of CO2 production and behavior in the unsaturated zone. The individual isotopic species (CO2)-C-12, (CO2)-C-13, and (CO2)-C-14 are treated as separate chemical components that diffuse and react independently. Steady state model solutions, constrained by the measured P-CO2, delta(13)C( in CO2), and delta(14)C( inCO(2)) profiles, indicate that the shallow CO2 source from root and microbial respiration composes similar to97% of the annual average total CO2 production at this arid site. Despite the small contribution from deep CO2 production amounting to similar to0.1 mol m(-2) yr(-1), upward diffusion from depth strongly influences the distribution of CO2 and carbon isotopes in the deep unsaturated zone. In addition to diffusion from deep CO2 production, C-14 exchange with a sorbed CO2 phase is indicated by the modeled delta(14)C profiles, confirming previous work. The new model of carbon-isotopic profiles provides a quantitative approach for evaluating fluxes of carbon under natural conditions in deep unsaturated zones. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV USA. RP Walvoord, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM walvoord@usgs.gov RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385 NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 4 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 AR W02006 DI 10.1029/2004WR003599 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 895ZR UT WOS:000226904500001 ER PT J AU Geissler, PE AF Geissler, PE TI Three decades of Martian surface changes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARS ORBITER CAMERA; PIC-DU-MIDI; VARIABLE FEATURES; CERBERUS FOSSAE; WIND STREAKS; ALBEDO; MARINER-9; ELYSIUM; EROSION; REGION AB [1] The surface of Mars has changed dramatically during the three decades spanned by spacecraft exploration. Comparisons of Mars Global Surveyor images with Viking and Mariner 9 pictures suggest that more than one third of Mars' surface area has brightened or darkened by at least 10%. Such albedo changes could produce significant effects on solar heating and the global circulation of winds across the planet. All of the major changes took place in areas of moderate to high thermal inertia and rock abundance, consistent with burial of rocky surfaces by thin dust layers deposited during dust storms and subsequent exposure of the rocky surfaces by aeolian erosion. Several distinct mechanisms contribute to aeolian erosion on Mars. Prevailing winds dominate erosion at low latitudes, producing diffuse albedo boundaries and elongated wind streaks generally oriented in the direction of southern summer winds. Dust devils darken the mid to high latitudes from 45 to 70 degrees during the summer seasons, forming irregular albedo patterns consisting of dark linear tracks. Dust storms produce regional albedo variations with distinct but irregular margins. Dark sand dunes in southern high latitudes appear to be associated with regional darkening that displays diffuse albedo boundaries. No surface changes were observed to repeat regularly on an annual basis, but many of the changes took place in areas that alternate episodically between high- and low- albedo states as thin mantles of dust are deposited and later stripped off. Hence the face of Mars remains recognizable after a century of telescopic observations, in spite of the enormous extent of alteration that has taken place during the era of spacecraft exploration. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Geissler, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pgeissler@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB 3 PY 2005 VL 110 IS E2 AR E02001 DI 10.1029/2004JE002345 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 895ZC UT WOS:000226902700001 ER PT J AU Calvari, S Spampinato, L Lodato, L Harris, AJL Patrick, MR Dehn, J Burton, MR Andronico, D AF Calvari, S Spampinato, L Lodato, L Harris, AJL Patrick, MR Dehn, J Burton, MR Andronico, D TI Chronology and complex volcanic processes during the 2002-2003 flank eruption at Stromboli volcano (Italy) reconstructed from direct observations and surveys with a handheld thermal camera SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LAVA FLOW-FIELDS; MOUNT-ETNA; KILAUEA VOLCANO; EFFUSION RATE; HAWAII; KUPAIANAHA; TEMPERATURE; EMPLACEMENT; DYNAMICS; CHANNEL AB [1] Effusive activity at Stromboli is uncommon, and the 2002-2003 flank eruption gave us the opportunity to observe and analyze a number of complex volcanic processes. In particular, the use of a handheld thermal camera during the eruption allowed us to monitor the volcano even in difficult weather and operating conditions. Regular helicopter-borne surveys with the thermal camera throughout the eruption have significantly improved ( 1) mapping of active lava flows; ( 2) detection of new cracks, landslide scars, and obstructions forming within and on the flanks of active craters; ( 3) observation of active lava flow field features, such as location of new vents, tube systems, tumuli, and hornitos; ( 4) identification of active vent migration along the Sciara del Fuoco; ( 5) monitoring of crater's inner morphology and maximum temperature, revealing magma level changes within the feeding conduit; and ( 6) detection of lava flow field endogenous growth. Additionally, a new system developed by A. J. L. Harris and others has been applied to our thermal data, allowing daily calculation of effusion rate. These observations give us new insights on the mechanisms controlling the volcanic system. C1 Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Calvari, S (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Catania, Piazza Roma 2, I-95123 Catania, Italy. EM calvari@ct.ingv.it RI Calvari, Sonia/A-3465-2013; Burton, Mike/B-5716-2014; OI Calvari, Sonia/0000-0001-8189-5499; Burton, Mike/0000-0003-3779-4812; Patrick, Matthew/0000-0002-8042-6639 NR 62 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 2 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B2 AR B02201 DI 10.1029/2004JB003129 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 895ZE UT WOS:000226902900001 ER PT J AU Amos, RT Mayer, KU Bekins, BA Delin, GN Williams, RL AF Amos, RT Mayer, KU Bekins, BA Delin, GN Williams, RL TI Use of dissolved and vapor-phase gases to investigate methanogenic degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in the subsurface SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OIL SPILL SITE; NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES; CRUDE-OIL; TRAPPED GAS; GRAVEL AQUIFER; MASS-TRANSFER; SHALLOW SAND; POROUS-MEDIA; MACRODISPERSION EXPERIMENT; VADOSE ZONE AB At many sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, methanogenesis is a significant degradation pathway. Techniques to estimate CH4 production, consumption, and transport processes are needed to understand the geochemical system, provide a complete carbon mass balance, and quantify the hydrocarbon degradation rate. Dissolved and vapor-phase gas data collected at a petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated site near Bemidji, Minnesota, demonstrate that naturally occurring nonreactive or relatively inert gases such as Ar and N-2 can be effectively used to better understand and quantify physical and chemical processes related to methanogenic activity in the subsurface. In the vadose zone, regions of Ar and N-2 depletion and enrichment are indicative of methanogenic and methanotrophic zones, and concentration gradients between the regions suggest that reaction-induced advection can be an important gas transport process. In the saturated zone, dissolved Ar and N-2 concentrations are used to quantify degassing driven by methanogenesis and also suggest that attenuation of methane along the flow path, into the downgradient aquifer, is largely controlled by physical processes. Slight but discernable preferential depletion of N-2 over Ar, in both the saturated and unsaturated zones near the free-phase oil, suggests reactivity of N-2 and is consistent with other evidence indicating that nitrogen fixation by microbial activity is taking place at this site. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Amos, RT (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM ramos@eos.ubc.ca; umayer@eos.ubc.ca; babekins@usgs.gov; delin@usgs.gov; rwilliams@eos.ubc.ca NR 53 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 2 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 AR W02001 DI 10.1029/2004WR003433 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 895ZQ UT WOS:000226904400004 ER PT J AU Rademacher, LK Clark, JF Clow, DW Hudson, GB AF Rademacher, LK Clark, JF Clow, DW Hudson, GB TI Old groundwater influence on stream hydrochemistry and catchment response times in a small Sierra Nevada catchment: Sagehen Creek, California SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; STORM RUNOFF; FLOW PATH; CHEMISTRY; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; WATER; AGE; ACIDIFICATION; EVOLUTION; HYDROLOGY AB The relationship between the chemical and isotopic composition of groundwater and residence times was used to understand the temporal variability in stream hydrochemistry in Sagehen basin, California. On the basis of the relationship between groundwater age and [Ca(2+)], the mean residence time of groundwater feeding Sagehen Creek during base flow is approximately 28 years. [Cl(-)]:[Ca(2+)] ratios in Sagehen Creek can be used to distinguish between two important processes: changes in the apparent age of groundwater discharging into the creek and dilution with snowmelt. The mean residence time of groundwater discharging into the creek is approximately 15 years during snowmelt periods. The results from this study have implications for hydrograph separation studies as groundwater is not a single, well-mixed chemical component but rather is a variable parameter that predictably depends on groundwater residence time. Most current models of catchment hydrochemistry do not account for chemical and isotopic variability found within the groundwater reservoir. In addition, this study provides valuable insight into the long-term hydrochemical response of a catchment to perturbations as catchment-lushing times are related to the mean residence time of water in a basin. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, WRD, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Geol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. RP Rademacher, LK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lradema@calstatela.edu; jfclark@geol.ucsb.edu; dwclow@usgs.gov; hudson5@llnl.gov NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 2 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 AR W02004 DI 10.1029/2003WR002805 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 895ZQ UT WOS:000226904400001 ER PT J AU Montgomery, SL Jarvie, DM Bowker, KA Pollastro, RM AF Montgomery, SL Jarvie, DM Bowker, KA Pollastro, RM TI Mississippian Barnett Shale, Fort Worth basin, north-central texas: Gas-shale play with multi-trillion cubic foot potential SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB The Mississippian Barnett Shale serves as source, seal, and reservoir to a world-class unconventional natural-gas accumulation in the Fort Worth basin of north-central Texas. The formation is a lithologically complex interval of low permeability that requires artificial stimulation to produce. At present, production is mainly confined to a limited portion of the northern basin where the Barnett Shale is relatively thick (> 300 ft; > 92 m), organic rich (present-day total organic carbon > 3.0%), thermally mature (vitrinite reflectance > 1.1%), and enclosed by dense limestone units able to contain induced fractures. The most actively drilled area is Newark East field, currently the largest gas field in Texas. Newark East is 400 mi(2) (1036 km(2)) in extent, with more than 2340 producing wells and about 2.7 tcf of booked gas reserves. Cumulative gas production from Barnett Shale wells through 2003 was about 0.8 tcf. Wells in Newark East field typically produce from depths of 7500 ft (2285 m) at rates ranging from 0.5 to more than 4 mmcf/day. Estimated ultimate re coveries per well range from 0.75 to as high as 7.0 bcf. Efforts to extend the current Barnett play beyond the field limits have encountered several challenges, including westward and northward increases in oil saturation and the absence of lithologic barriers to induced fracture growth. Patterns of oil and gas occurrence in the Barnett, in conjunction with maturation and burial-history data, indicate a complex, multiphased thermal evolution, with episodic expulsion of hydrocarbons and secondary cracking of primary oils to gas in portions of the basin where paleotemperatures were especially elevated. These and other data imply a large-potential Barnett resource for the basin as a whole (possibly >200 tcf gas in place). Recent assessment by the U.S. Geological Survey suggests a mean volume of 26.2 tcf of undiscovered, technically recoverable gas in the central Fort Worth basin. Recovery of a significant portion of this undiscovered resource will require continued improvements in geoscientific characterization and approaches to stimulation of the Barnett reservoirs. C1 Humble Instruments & Serv Inc, Humble Geochem Serv Div, Humble, TX 77347 USA. Star Texas Energy Serv Inc, Spring, TX 77393 USA. US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Montgomery, SL (reprint author), 1511 18th Ave East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM scott.montgomery@prodigy.net; donjarvie@humble-inc.com; kb@staroftexasenergy.com; pollastro@usgs.gov RI 谭, 玉芳/I-8946-2014 NR 37 TC 237 Z9 421 U1 27 U2 145 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 89 IS 2 BP 155 EP 175 DI 10.1306/09170404042 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 897QE UT WOS:000227018900001 ER PT J AU Figuerola, J Green, AJ Michot, TC AF Figuerola, J Green, AJ Michot, TC TI Invertebrate eggs can fly: Evidence of waterfowl-mediated gene flow in aquatic invertebrates SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE dispersal in fragmented habitats; gene flow; habitat colonization; passive dispersal; phylogeography ID DAPHNIA-PULEX COMPLEX; CRISTATELLA-MUCEDO; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DISPERSAL; POPULATIONS; ORGANISMS; DISTANCE; NONEQUILIBRIUM; BIOGEOGRAPHY; EQUILIBRIUM AB Waterfowl often have been assumed to disperse freshwater aquatic organisms between isolated wetlands, but no one has analyzed the impact of this transport on the population structure of aquatic organisms. For three cladocerans (Daphnia ambigua, Daphnia laevis, and Sida crystallina) and one bryozoan (Cristatella mucedo), we estimated the genetic distances between populations across North America using sequences of several mitochondrial DNA genes and genotypic frequencies at allozyme and microsatellite loci. Waterfowl movements across North America (estimated from band recovery data) explained a significant proportion of the gene flow occurring between populations across the continent for three of the four species, even after controlling for geographic distances between localities. The fourth species, S. crystallina, has propagules less likely to survive desiccation or ingestion by birds. Differences in the capacity to exploit bird-mediated transport are likely to have important consequences for the ecology of aquatic communities and the spread of invasive species. C1 Consejo Super Invest, Dept Appl Biol, Estac Biol Donana, Seville 41013, Spain. Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Figuerola, J (reprint author), Consejo Super Invest, Dept Appl Biol, Estac Biol Donana, Ave Maria Luisa S-N, Seville 41013, Spain. EM jordi@ebd.csic.es; ajgreen@ebd.csic.es; tommy_michot@usgs.gov RI Green, Andy/A-5189-2008; Figuerola, Jordi/B-7917-2008; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011 OI Green, Andy/0000-0002-1268-4951; Figuerola, Jordi/0000-0002-4664-9011; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602 NR 32 TC 106 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 31 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 165 IS 2 BP 274 EP 280 DI 10.1086/427092 PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 895HT UT WOS:000226852400012 PM 15729656 ER PT J AU Seiler, RL Stollenwerk, KG Garbarino, JR AF Seiler, RL Stollenwerk, KG Garbarino, JR TI Factors controlling tungsten concentrations in ground water, Carson Desert, Nevada SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXYANION CONCENTRATIONS; NATURAL-WATERS; RIVERS; GEOCHEMISTRY; FERTILIZERS; MOLYBDENUM; SOLUBILITY; SCHEELITE; SELENIUM; SYSTEMS AB An investigation of a childhood leukemia cluster by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention revealed that residents of the Carson Desert, Nevada, are exposed to high levels of W and this prompted an investigation of W in aquifers used as drinking water sources. Tungsten concentrations in 100 ground water samples from all aquifers used as drinking water sources in the area ranged from 0.27 to 742 mug/l. Ground water in which W concentrations exceed 50 mug/l principally occurs SE of Fallon in a geothermal area. The principal sources of W in ground water are natural and include erosion of W-bearing mineral deposits in the Carson River watershed upstream of Fallon, and, possibly, upwelling geothermal waters. Ground water in the Fallon area is strongly reducing and reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides may be releasing W; however, direct evidence that the metal oxides contain W is not available. Although W and Cl concentrations in the Carson River, a lake, and water from many wells, appear to be controlled by evaporative concentration, evaporation alone cannot explain the elevated W concentrations found in water from some of the wells. Concentrations of W exceeding 50 mug/l are exclusively associated with Na-HCO3 and Na-Cl water types and pH > 8.0; in these waters, geochemical modeling indicates that W exhibits <10% adsorption, Tungsten concentrations are strongly and positively correlated with As, B, F, and P, indicating either common sources or common processes controlling their concentrations. Geochemical modeling indicates W concentrations are consistent with pH-controlled adsorption of W. The geochemical model PHREEQC was used to calculate IAP values, which were compared with published Ksp values for primary W minerals. FeWO4, MnWO4, Na2WO4, and MgWO4 were undersaturated and CaWO4 and SrWO4 were approaching saturation. These conclusions are tentative because of uncertainty in the thermodynamic data. The similar behavior of As and W observed in this study suggests ground water in areas where elevated As concentrations are present also may contain elevated W concentrations, particularly if there is a mineral or geothermal source of W and reducing conditions develop in the aquifer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Seiler, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 333 W Nye Lane,Rm 203, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. EM rseiler@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 423 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.09.002 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 897ZJ UT WOS:000227045100015 ER PT J AU Dwyer, FJ Mayer, FL Sappington, LC Buckler, DR Bridges, CM Greer, IE Hardesty, DK Henke, CE Ingersoll, CG Kunz, JL Whites, DW Augspurger, T Mount, DR Hattala, K Neuderfer, GN AF Dwyer, FJ Mayer, FL Sappington, LC Buckler, DR Bridges, CM Greer, IE Hardesty, DK Henke, CE Ingersoll, CG Kunz, JL Whites, DW Augspurger, T Mount, DR Hattala, K Neuderfer, GN TI Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part I. Acute toxicity of five chemicals SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER MUSSELS UNIONIDAE; PROTECTION AB Assessment of contaminant impacts to federally identified endangered, threatened and candidate, and state-identified endangered species (collectively referred to as "listed" species) requires understanding of a species' sensitivities to particular chemicals. The most direct approach would be to determine the sensitivity of a listed species to a particular contaminant or perturbation. An indirect approach for aquatic species would be application of toxicity data obtained from standard test procedures and species commonly used in laboratory toxicity tests. Common test species (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas; sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus; and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) and 17 listed or closely related species were tested in acute 96-hour water exposures with five chemicals (carbaryl, copper, 4-nonylphenol, pentachlorophenol, and permethrin) representing a broad range of toxic modes of action. No single species was the most sensitive to all chemicals. For the three standard test species evaluated, the rainbow trout was more sensitive than either the fathead minnow or sheepshead minnow and was equal to or more sensitive than listed and related species 81% of the time. To estimate an LC50 for a listed species, a factor of 0.63 can be applied to the geometric mean LC50 of rainbow trout toxicity data, and more conservative factors can be determined using variance estimates (0.46 based on I SD of the mean and 0.33 based on 2 SD of the mean). Additionally, a low- or no-acute effect concentration can be estimated by multiplying the respective LC50 by a factor of approximately 0.56, which supports the United States Environmental Protection Agency approach of multiplying the final acute value by 0.5 (division by 2). When captive or locally abundant populations of listed fish are available, consideration should be given to direct testing. When direct toxicity testing cannot be performed, approaches for developing protective measures using common test species toxicity data are available. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Bur Marine Resources, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. New York State Dept environm Conservat, Bur Habitat, Avon, NY 14414 USA. RP Ingersoll, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM cingersoll@usgs.gov OI Henke, Chris/0000-0003-4958-4126 NR 31 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-3038-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 905YX UT WOS:000227608800001 PM 15772881 ER PT J AU Besser, JM Wang, N Dwyer, FJ Mayer, FL Ingersoll, CG AF Besser, JM Wang, N Dwyer, FJ Mayer, FL Ingersoll, CG TI Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part II. Chronic toxicity of copper and pentachlorophenol to two endangered species and two surrogate species SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; FATHEAD MINNOW; STEELHEAD TROUT; GROWTH-RESPONSE; FISHES AB Early life-stage toxicity tests with copper and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were conducted with two species listed under the United States Endangered Species Act (the endangered fountain darter, Etheostoma fonticola, and the threatened spotfin chub, Cyprinella monacha) and two commonly tested species (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss). Results were compared using lowest-observed effect concentrations (LOECs) based on statistical hypothesis tests and by point estimates derived by linear interpolation and logistic regression. Sublethal end points, growth (mean individual dry weight) and biomass (total dry weight per replicate) were usually more sensitive than survival. The biomass end point was equally sensitive as growth and had less among-test variation. Effect concentrations based on linear interpolation were less variable than LOECs, which corresponded to effects ranging from 9% to 76% relative to controls and were consistent with thresholds based on logistic regression. Fountain darter was the most sensitive species for both chemicals tested, with effect concentrations for biomass at I 11 mu g/L (LOEC and 25% inhibition concentration [IC25]) for copper and at 21 mu g/L (IC25) for PCP, but spotfin chub was no more sensitive than the commonly tested species. Effect concentrations for fountain darter were lower than current chronic water quality criteria for both copper and PCP. Protectiveness of chronic water-quality criteria for threatened and endangered species could be improved by the use of safety factors or by conducting additional chronic toxicity tests with species and chemicals of concern. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. AScI Corp, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Besser, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jbesser@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-0039-z PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 905YX UT WOS:000227608800002 PM 15772882 ER PT J AU Milam, CD Farris, JL Dwyer, FJ Hardesty, DK AF Milam, CD Farris, JL Dwyer, FJ Hardesty, DK TI Acute toxicity of six freshwater mussel species (glochidia) to six chemicals: Implications for daphnids and Utterbackia imbecillis as surrogates for protection of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; ANODONTA-IMBECILIS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; MOSQUITO-CONTROL; COPPER; PESTICIDES; EFFLUENT; RIVER; POPULATION; ORGANISMS AB Acute (24-h) toxicity tests were used in this study to compare lethality responses in early life stages (glochidia) of six freshwater mussel species, Leptodea fragilis, U. imbecillis, Lampsilis cardium, Lampsilis siliquoidea, Megalonaias nervosa, and Ligumia subrostrata, and two standard test organisms, Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia magna. Concentrations of carbaryl, copper, 4-nonylphenol, pentachlorophenol, permethrin, and 2,4-D were used in acute exposures to represent different chemical classes and modes of action. The relative sensitivities of species were evaluated by ranking their LC50 values for each chemical. We used these ranks to determine the extent to which U. imbecillis (one of the most commonly used unionids in toxicity tests) was representative of the tolerances of other mussels. We also calculated geometric mean LC(50)s for the families Unionidae and Daphnidae. Rankings of these data were used to assess the extent to which Daphnidae can be used as surrogates for freshwater mussels relative to chemical sensitivity. While no single chemical elicited consistently high or low toxicity estimates, carbaryl and 2,4-D were generally the least toxic to all species tested. No species was always the most sensitive, and Daphnidae were generally protective of Unionidae. Utterbackia imbecillis, while often proposed as a standard unionid mussel test species, did not always qualify as a sufficient surrogate (i.e., a substitute organism that often elicits similar sensitivity responses to the same contaminant exposure) for other species of mussels, since it was usually one of the more tolerant species in our rankings. U. imbecillis should be used as a surrogate species only with this caution on its relative insensitivity. C1 EA Engn Sci & Technol Inc, Sparks, MD 21152 USA. Arkansas State Univ, Ecotoxicol Res Facil, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Milam, CD (reprint author), EA Engn Sci & Technol Inc, 15 Loveton Circle, Sparks, MD 21152 USA. EM cmilam@eaest.com NR 44 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-3125-3 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 905YX UT WOS:000227608800003 PM 15772883 ER PT J AU Dwyer, FJ Hardesty, DK Henke, CE Ingersoll, CG Whites, DW Augspurger, T Canfield, TJ Mount, DR Mayer, FL AF Dwyer, FJ Hardesty, DK Henke, CE Ingersoll, CG Whites, DW Augspurger, T Canfield, TJ Mount, DR Mayer, FL TI Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part III. Effluent toxicity tests SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Toxicity tests using standard effluent test procedures described by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were conducted with Ceriodaphnia dubia, fathead minnows (Piniephales promelas), and seven threatened and endangered (listed) fish species from four families: (1) Acipenseridae: shormose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum.); (2) Catostomidae-, razorback sucker (Xyralichen texanus); (3) Cyprinidae: bonytail chub (Gila elegans), Cape Fear shiner (Notropis mekistocholas) Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), and spotfin chub (Cyprinella monacha); and (4) Poecillidae: Gila topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis). We conducted 7-day survival and growth studies with embryo-larval fathead minnows and analogous exposures using the listed species. Survival and reproduction were also determined with C. dubia. Tests were conducted with carbaryl, ammonia-or a simulated effluent complex mixture of carbaryl.. copper, 4-nonylphenol, pentachlorophenol and permethrin at equitoxic proportions. In addition, Cape Fear shiners and spotfin chub were tested using diazinon, copper, and chlorine. Toxicity tests were also conducted with field-collected effluents from domestic or industrial facilities. Bonytail chub and razorback suckers were tested with effluents collected in Arizona whereas effluent samples collected from North Carolina were tested with Cape Fear shiner, spotfin chub, and shortnose sturgeon. The fathead minnow 7-day effluent test was often a reliable estimator of toxic effects to the listed fishes. However, in 21 % of the tests, a listed species was more sensitive than fathead minnows. More sensitive species results varied by test so that usually no species was always more or less sensitive than fathead minnows. Only the Gila topminnow was consistently less sensitive than the fathead minnow. Listed fish species were protected 96% of the time when results for both fathead minnows and C. dubia were considered, thus reinforcing the value of standard whole-effluent toxicity tests using those two species. If the responses of specific listed species are important for management decisions, our study supports the value in developing culture and testing procedures for those species. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. US EPA, Aid Content Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Ingersoll, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM cingersoll@usgs.gov OI Henke, Chris/0000-0003-4958-4126 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-0104-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 905YX UT WOS:000227608800004 PM 15750777 ER PT J AU Cruse-Sanders, JM Hamrick, JL Ahumada, JA AF Cruse-Sanders, JM Hamrick, JL Ahumada, JA TI Consequences of harvesting for genetic diversity in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.): a simulation study SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE allozymes; Araliaceae; conservation; genetic diversity; ginseng; harvest; management; medicinal plant; non-timber forest products; Panax; population genetic structure; simulation; sustainable use ID POPULATION; ARALIACEAE AB American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius L., is one of the most heavily traded medicinal plants in North America. The effect of harvest on genetic diversity in ginseng was measured with a single generation culling simulation program. Culling scenarios included random harvest at varying levels, legal limit random harvest and legal limit mature plant harvest. The legal limit was determined by the proportion of legally harvestable plants per population (% mature plants per population). Random harvest at varying levels resulted in significant loss of genetic diversity, especially allelic richness. Relative to initial levels, average within-population genetic diversity (H-e) was significantly lower when plants were culled randomly at the legal limit ( Mann - Whitney U = 430, p< 0.001) or when only mature plants were culled ( Mann - Whitney U = 394, p< 0.01). Within-population genetic diversity was significantly higher with legal limit mature plant harvest (H-e = 0.068) than when plants were culled randomly at the legal limit (H-e = 0.064; U = 202, p< 0.01). Based on these simulations of harvest over one generation, we recommend that harvesting fewer than the proportion of mature plants could reduce the negative genetic effects of harvest on ginseng populations. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Cruse-Sanders, JM (reprint author), Rancho Santa Ana Bot Garden, 1500 N Coll Ave, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. EM jennifer.cruse-sanders@cgu.edu NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 493 EP 504 DI 10.1007/s10531-004-7308-7 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899OI UT WOS:000227153600014 ER PT J AU Cooke, SJ Bunt, CM Hamilton, SJ Jennings, CA Pearson, MP Cooperman, MS Markle, DF AF Cooke, SJ Bunt, CM Hamilton, SJ Jennings, CA Pearson, MP Cooperman, MS Markle, DF TI Threats, conservation strategies, and prognosis for suckers (Catostomidae) in North America: insights from regional case studies of a diverse family of non-game fishes SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE suckers; Catostomidae; freshwater fish; threats; conservation strategies; case studies ID LARVAL ROBUST REDHORSE; ENDANGERED-SPECIES-ACT; FRESH-WATER FISHES; RAZORBACK SUCKER; SALISH SUCKER; UNITED-STATES; MOXOSTOMA-VALENCIENNESI; POPULATION REGULATION; XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS; GREATER REDHORSE AB Catostomid fishes are a diverse family of 76+ freshwater species that are distributed across North America in many different habitats. This group of fish is facing a variety of impacts and conservation issues that are somewhat unique relative to more economically valuable and heavily managed fish species. Here, we present a brief series of case studies to highlight the threats such as migration barriers, flow regulation, environmental contamination, habitat degradation, exploitation and impacts from introduced (non-native) species that are facing catostomids in different regions. Collectively, the case studies reveal that individual species usually are not threatened by a single, isolated factor. Instead, species in general face numerous stressors that threaten multiple stages of their life history. Several factors have retarded sucker conservation including widespread inabilities of field workers to distinguish some species, lack of basic natural history and ecological knowledge of life history, and the misconception that suckers are tolerant of degraded conditions and are of little social or ecological value. Without a specific constituent group lobbying for conservation of non-game fishes, all such species, including members of the catostomid family, will continue to face serious risks because of neglect, ignorance, and misunderstanding. We suggest that conservation strategies should incorporate research and education/outreach components. Other conservation strategies that would be effective for protecting suckers include freshwater protected areas for critical habitat, restoration of degraded habitat, and design of catostomid-friendly fish bypass facilities. We believe that the plight of the catostomids is representative of the threats facing many other non-game freshwater fishes with diverse life-history strategies globally. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Aquat Ecol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Biotact Inc, Kitchener, ON N2C 2S4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Yankton Field Res Stn, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. Univ Georgia, Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Inst Resources Environm & Sustainabil, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Dept Forest Sci, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM scooke@interchange.ubc.ca RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 NR 114 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 121 IS 3 BP 317 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.05.015 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 864VW UT WOS:000224662100001 ER PT J AU Vanni, MJ Arend, KK Bremigan, MT Bunnell, DB Garvey, JE Gonzalez, MJ Renwick, WH Soranno, PA Stein, RA AF Vanni, MJ Arend, KK Bremigan, MT Bunnell, DB Garvey, JE Gonzalez, MJ Renwick, WH Soranno, PA Stein, RA TI Linking landscapes and food webs: Effects of omnivorous fish and watersheds on reservoir ecosystems SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE watershed; reservoir; food web; detritus; landscape ecology ID AGE-0 LARGEMOUTH BASS; HYBRID STRIPED BASS; GIZZARD SHAD; LAND-USE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TROPHIC-DYNAMICS; SURFACE WATERS; OHIO RESERVOIR; GROWTH; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Ecologists increasingly recognize the need to understand how landscapes and food webs interact. Reservoir ecosystems are heavily subsidized by nutrients and detritus from surrounding watersheds, and often contain abundant populations of gizzard shad, an omnivorous fish that consumes plankton and detritus. Gizzard shad link terrestrial landscapes and pelagic reservoir food webs by consuming detritus, translocating nutrients from sediment detritus to the water column, and consuming zooplankton. The abundance of gizzard shad increases with watershed agriculturalization, most likely through a variety of mechanisms operating on larval and adult life stages. Gizzard shad have myriad effects on reservoirs, including impacts on nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish, and many of their effects vary with ecosystem productivity (i.e., watershed land use). Interactive feedbacks among watersheds, gizzard shad populations, and reservoir food webs operate to maintain dominance of gizzard shad in highly productive systems. Thus, effective stewardship of reservoir ecosystems must incorporate both watershed and food-web perspectives. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Geog, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Vanni, MJ (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM vannimj@po.muohio.edu RI Garvey, Jim/A-4919-2012; OI Garvey, Jim/0000-0001-5393-9351; Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747; Arend, Kristin/0000-0003-1115-1050; Soranno, Patricia/0000-0003-1668-9271 NR 53 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 8 U2 51 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2005 VL 55 IS 2 BP 155 EP 167 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0155:LLAFWE]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 896YA UT WOS:000226969300010 ER PT J AU Soule, ME Estes, JA Miller, B Honnold, DL AF Soule, ME Estes, JA Miller, B Honnold, DL TI Strongly interacting species. conservation policy, management, and ethics SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE interactive species; effective densities; management; Endangered Species Act; ethics ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; EXPLOITATION ECOSYSTEMS; TROPHIC CASCADES; PREDATION RISK; NORTH-AMERICA; GRIZZLY BEAR; SEA OTTERS; COMMUNITIES; ECOLOGY; WOLVES AB Obsolescence of environmental laws and regulations is unavoidable, and policies dealing with endangered species and ecosystem conservation often lag decades behind the relevant science. For example, endangered species laws and regulations and other conservation statutes typically fail to consider the interactions of strongly interacting species, probably because the importance of such interactions was not well understood when the laws were drafted. By failing to consider current knowledge, therefore, natural resource scientists and managers may be harming the species and systems they are charged with protecting. Most ecologists agree that the conservation of biodiversity is facilitated by maintaining population densities and distributions of strongly interactive species above estimable thresholds for ecological effectiveness. Assuming that conservation biologists and natural resource managers are "physicians to nature," we therefore propose they are obligated to adhere to a doctrine of "best conservation practices based on the best science," applying a more rigorous standard for the management of relatively interactive species than may be mandated by older statutes and effected by current practice and convention. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Wind River Ranch Fdn, Watrous, NM 87753 USA. Earthjustice, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Soule, ME (reprint author), POB 2010, Hotchkiss, CO 81419 USA. EM rewild@tds.net NR 67 TC 156 Z9 160 U1 8 U2 123 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2005 VL 55 IS 2 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0168:SISCPM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 896YA UT WOS:000226969300011 ER PT J AU Arabasz, WJ Nava, SJ McCarter, MK Pankow, KL Pechmann, JC Ake, J McGarr, A AF Arabasz, WJ Nava, SJ McCarter, MK Pankow, KL Pechmann, JC Ake, J McGarr, A TI Coal-mining seismicity and ground-shaking hazard: A case study in the Trail Mountain area, Emery County, Utah SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB We describe a multipart study to quantify the potential ground-shaking hazard to Joes Valley Dam, a 58-m-high earthfill dam, posed by mining-induced seismicity (MIS) from future underground coal mining, which could approach as close as similar to 1 km to the dam. To characterize future MIS close to the dam, we studied MIS located similar to 3-7 km from the dam at the Trail Mountain coal mine. A 12-station local seismic network (11 stations above ground, one below, combining eight triaxial accelerometers and varied velocity sensors) was operated in the Trail Mountain area from late 2000 through mid-2001 for the dual purpose of (1) continuously monitoring and locating MIS associated with longwall mining at a depth of 0.5-0.6 km and (2) recording high-quality data to develop ground-motion prediction equations for the shallow MIS. (Ground-motion attenuation relationships and moment-tensor results are reported in companion articles.) Utilizing a data set of 1913 earthquakes (M <= 2.2), we describe space-time-magnitude distributions of the observed MIS and source-mechanism information. The MIS was highly correlated with mining activity both in space and time. Most of the better-located events have depths constrained within +/- 0.6 krn of mine level. For the preponderance (98%) of the 1913 located events, only dilatational P-wave first motions were observed, consistent with other evidence for implosive or collapse-type mechanisms associated with coal mining in this region. We assess a probable maximum magnitude of M 3.9 (84th percentile of a cumulative distribution) for potential MIS close to Joes Valley Dam based on both the worldwide and regional record of coal-mining-related MIS and the local geology and future mining scenarios. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Min Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Seismotect & Geophys Grp, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 95 IS 1 BP 18 EP 30 DI 10.1785/0120040045 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 911YL UT WOS:000228042800002 ER PT J AU McGarr, A Fletcher, JB AF McGarr, A Fletcher, JB TI Development of ground-motion prediction equations relevant to shallow mining-induced seismicity in the Trail Mountain area, Emery County, Utah SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB To provide a basis for assessing the seismic hazard to the Joes Valley Dam due to future coal mining in the nearby Cottonwood Tract, central Utah, we developed ground-motion prediction relations using data recorded by a seismic network, established and operated by the University of Utah Seismograph Stations. The network was centered on the Trail Mountain coal mine, located adjacent to the Cottonwood Tract. From late 2000 until early 2001, this network recorded numerous mining-induced events with magnitudes as large as 2.17. The ground motion from these events, recorded at hypocentral distances ranging from about 500 m to approximately 10 km, were well suited to developing new ground-motion prediction relations, especially when augmented by data from a M 4.2 earthquake in the Willow Creek mine, about 50 km north of Trail Mountain. Using a two-stage regression analysis, we determined prediction relations for peak acceleration, peak velocity, and pseudovelocity response spectra, at 5% damping, for periods of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 s. To illustrate the potential seismic hazard at the Joes Valley dam, we used these ground-motion relations to predict a peak velocity of 6.8 cm/s due to an earthquake with the probable maximum magnitude of 3.9, at a hypocentral distance of 1 km, recorded at a rock site typical for this region. This result does not take into account the site response at the dam. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 95 IS 1 BP 31 EP 47 DI 10.1785/0120040046 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 911YL UT WOS:000228042800003 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JB McGarr, A AF Fletcher, JB McGarr, A TI Moment tensor inversion of ground motion from mining-induced earthquakes, Trail Mountain, Utah SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MINE SEISMICITY; SEISMOGRAMS; ENERGY; DEPTH AB A seismic network was operated in the vicinity of the Trail Mountain mine, central Utah, from the summer of 2000 to the spring of 2001 to investigate the seismic hazard to a local dam from mining-induced events that we expect to be triggered by future coal mining in this area. In support of efforts to develop ground-motion prediction relations for this situation, we inverted ground-motion recordings for six mining-induced events to determine seismic moment tensors and then to estimate moment magnitudes M for comparison with the network coda magnitudes M-c. Six components of the tensor were determined, for an assumed point source, following the inversion method of McGarr (1992a), which uses key measurements of amplitude from obvious features of the displacement waveforms. When the resulting moment tensors were decomposed into implosive and deviatoric components, we found that four of the six events showed a substantial volume reduction, presumably due to coseismic closure of the adjacent mine openings. For these four events, the volume reduction ranges from 27% to 55% of the shear component (fault area times average slip). Radiated seismic energy, computed from attenuation-corrected body-wave spectra, ranged from 2.4 X 10(5) to 2.4 X 10(6) J for events with M from 1.3 to 1.8, yielding apparent stresses from 0.02 to 0.06 MPa. The energy released for each event, approximated as the product of volume reduction and overburden stress, when compared with the corresponding seismic energies, revealed seismic efficiencies ranging from 0.5% to 7%. The low apparent stresses are consistent with the shallow focal depths of 0.2 to 0.6 kin and rupture in a low stress/low strength regime compared with typical earthquake source regions at midcrustal depths. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fletcher, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 95 IS 1 BP 48 EP 57 DI 10.1785/0120040047 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 911YL UT WOS:000228042800004 ER PT J AU Personius, SF Mahan, SA AF Personius, SF Mahan, SA TI Unusually low rates of slip on the Santa Rosa Range fault zone, northern Nevada SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LAKE LAHONTAN HIGHSTAND; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE; SURFACE RUPTURE; SEISMIC BELT; GREAT-BASIN; NEW-MEXICO; PROVINCE; AGE; DISPLACEMENT AB The Santa Rosa Range fault zone (SRRFZ) is one of the most topographically prominent normal fault systems in the northern Basin and Range province of the western United States. It has been assigned high rates of vertical slip by others and has been identified as a possible site of the future extension of the central Nevada seismic belt (CNSB). We use detailed trench mapping and luminescence dating to estimate displacements and timing of the last several large-magnitude paleoearthquakes on the southern part of the SRRFZ at a trench site near Orovada, Nevada. Coseismic vertical displacements ranged from 1 to 2.8 in for each of the last four events. Luminescence ages provide time limits for the last three events of 125-155 ka, 90-108 ka, and 11-16 ka. These data yield recurrence intervals of 17-65 k.y. and 74-97 k.y. and an elapsed time of 11-16 k.y. since the youngest event. Slip-rate determinations at the Orovada site are complicated by multiple fault strands, but rates calculated from a variety of data are surprisingly low (0.01-0.16 mm/yr), given the topographic prominence of the Santa Rosa Range. A lack of compelling patterns in a comparison of paleoseismic parameters indicate that the SRRFZ is no more likely a location for a large-magnitude earthquake than previously identified seismic gaps or along faults that lie directly north of the CNSB. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Personius, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM personius@usgs.gov; smahan@usgs.gov OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 95 IS 1 BP 319 EP 333 DI 10.1785/0120040001 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 911YL UT WOS:000228042800020 ER PT J AU Borcherdt, RD AF Borcherdt, RD TI Empirical evidence for acceleration-dependent amplification factors (vol 92, pg 761, 2002) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Borcherdt, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM borcherdt@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 95 IS 1 BP 373 EP 374 DI 10.1785/0120040174 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 911YL UT WOS:000228042800028 ER PT J AU Bronte, CR Ebener, MP Schreiner, DR DeVault, DS Petzold, MM Jensen, DA Richards, C Lozano, SJ AF Bronte, CR Ebener, MP Schreiner, DR DeVault, DS Petzold, MM Jensen, DA Richards, C Lozano, SJ TI Fish community change in Lake Superior, 1970-2000 (vol 60, pg 1552, 2003) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Lake Super Area Fisheries Program, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. Univ Minnesota, Sea Grant Program, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Bronte, CR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. EM charles_bronte@fws.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 62 IS 2 BP 482 EP 482 DI 10.1139/F05-054 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 912MV UT WOS:000228083800022 ER PT J AU Manies, KL Harden, JW Bond-Lamberty, BP O'Neill, KP AF Manies, KL Harden, JW Bond-Lamberty, BP O'Neill, KP TI Woody debris along an upland chronosequence in boreal Manitoba and its impact on long-term carbon storage SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTION; BLACK SPRUCE STANDS; OLD-GROWTH; FOREST; SOIL; FIRE; DECOMPOSITION; ACCUMULATION; NORTHERN; DIOXIDE AB This study investigated the role of fire-killed woody debris as a source of soil carbon in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands in Manitoba, Canada. We measured the amount of standing dead and downed woody debris along an upland chronosequence, including wood partially and completely covered by moss growth. Such woody debris is rarely included in measurement protocols and composed up to 26% of the total amount of woody debris in older stands, suggesting that it is important to measure all types of woody debris in ecosystems where burial by organic matter is possible. Based on these data and existing net primary production (NPP) values, we used a mass-balance model to assess the potential impact of fire-killed wood on long-term carbon storage at this site. The amount of carbon stored in deeper soil organic layers, which persists over millennia, was used to represent this long-term carbon. We estimate that between 10% and 60% of the deep-soil carbon is derived from wood biomass. Sensitivity analyses suggest that this estimate is most affected by the fire return interval, decay rate of wood, amount of NPP, and decay rate of the char (postfire) carbon pool. Landscape variations in these terms could account for large differences in deep-soil carbon. The model was less sensitive to fire consumption rates and to rates at which standing dead becomes woody debris. All model runs, however, suggest that woody debris plays an important role in long-term carbon storage for this area. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Manies, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 962, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kmanies@usgs.gov RI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/C-6058-2008 OI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/0000-0001-9525-4633 NR 53 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 19 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 472 EP 482 DI 10.1139/X04-179 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 906AU UT WOS:000227613700024 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Wicks, C Kwoun, O Power, JA Dzurisin, D AF Lu, Zhong Wicks, Charles, Jr. Kwoun, Ohig Power, John A. Dzurisin, Daniel TI Surface deformation associated with the March 1996 earthquake swarm at Akutan Island, Alaska, revealed by C-band ERS and L-band JERS radar interferometry SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; TECTONIC STRESS ORIENTATION; SHUMAGIN SEISMIC GAP; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; POSSIBLE INDICATORS; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; WESTDAHL VOLCANO; ALEUTIANS; SUBSIDENCE; INFLATION AB In March 1996, an intense earthquake swarm beneath Akutan Island, Alaska, was accompanied by extensive ground cracking but no eruption of Akutan volcano. Radar interferograms produced from L-band JERS-1 and C-band ERS-1/2 images show uplift associated with the swarm by as much as 60 cm on the western part of the island. The JERS-1 interferogram has greater coherence, especially in areas with loose surface material or thick vegetation. It also shows subsidence of similar magnitude on the eastern part of the island and displacements along faults reactivated during the swarm. The axis of uplift and subsidence strikes about N70 degrees W, which is roughly parallel to a zone of fresh cracks on the northwest flank of the volcano, to normal faults that cut the island and to the inferred maximum compressive stress direction. A common feature of models that fit the deformation is the emplacement of a shallow dike along this trend beneath the northwest flank of the volcano. Both before and after the swarm, the northwest flank was uplifted 5 20 mm/year relative to the southwest flank, probably by magma intrusion. The zone of fresh cracks subsided about 20 mm during 1996-1997 and at lesser rates thereafter, possibly because of cooling and degassing of the intrusion. C1 US Geol Survey, SAIC, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SAIC, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD USA. EM lu@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 31 IS 1 BP 7 EP 20 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 107IG UT WOS:000242163600003 ER PT J AU Wintsch, RP Aleinikoff, JN Keewook, Y AF Wintsch, RP Aleinikoff, JN Keewook, Y TI Foliation development and reaction softening by dissolution and precipitation in the transformation of granodiorite to orthogneiss, Glastonbury Complex, Connecticut, USA SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE foliation development; dissolution-precipitation; reaction softening; textural softening; titanite geochronology; Glastonbury Complex; Connecticut ID NEW-ENGLAND; SHEAR ZONE; DEFORMATION; TITANITE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; REPLACEMENT; MINERALOGY; PRESSURE; TERRANE; EXAMPLE AB Textures, microstructures, and patterns of chemical zoning in minerals in a granodioritic orthogneiss in the Glastonbury Complex, Connecticut, lead to the interpretation that foliation development was facilitated by retrograde hydration reactions in the presence of an aqueous fluid. Incomplete replacement of the metastable magmatic minerals K-feldspar + hastingsite + magnetite produced foliation-defining biotite + epidote + quartz. These reaction products did not replace K-feldspar - hastingsite interfaces; rather, either biotite or epidote replaced the amphibole, and plagioclase replaced K-feldspar. Biotite and epidote precipitated syntectonically in discrete layers that define the foliation in the orthogneiss, whereas quartz precipitated primarily in ribbons, further enhancing the fabric. Metastable REE-rich igneous titanite also dissolved, and was incompletely replaced by REE-poor, Al-bearing metamorphic titanite. The similar concentrations of the REE in epidote and titanite show that the REE released by titanite dissolution were precipitated locally as the allanite component in adjacent grains of epidote. The entire process was syntectonic, with most grains showing multiple overgrowths in the direction of extension as defined by stretched xenoliths. Sufficient U was present in the titanite overgrowths to allow SHRIMP dating of cores, mantles, and rims. These results suggest at least three retrograde Alleghanian events of growth in a span of similar to 30 m.y. Thus the dissolution - transportation precipitation process not only describes the reaction mechanism but also leads to the redistribution of reaction products into nearly monomineralic layers, thus contributing to metamorphic differentiation and to the development of the foliation. The resulting orthogneiss was much weaker that the granodiorite protolith, owing to this reaction and textural softening. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Wintsch, RP (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM wintsch@indiana.edu NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 9 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 BP 327 EP 347 DI 10.2113/gscanmin.43.1.327 PN 1 PG 21 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 916LN UT WOS:000228386500017 ER PT J AU Gill, RE Piersma, T Hufford, G Servranckx, R Riegen, A AF Gill, RE Piersma, T Hufford, G Servranckx, R Riegen, A TI Crossing the ultimate ecological barrier: Evidence for an 11000-km-long nonstop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Bar-tailed Godwit; energetics; flight mechanics; Limosa lapponica; migration; Oceania; wind-selected migration ID LONG-DISTANCE MIGRANT; BIRD FLIGHT; SHOREBIRD MIGRATION; STOPOVER SITE; GREAT KNOTS; WIND-TUNNEL; FAT; BEHAVIOR; WADERS; ORGANS AB Populations of the Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica; Scolopacidae) embark on some of the longest migrations known among birds. The baueri race breeds in western Alaska and spends the nonbreeding season a hemisphere away in New Zealand and eastern Australia; the menzbieri race breeds in Siberia and migrates to western and northern Australia. Although the Siberian birds are known to follow the coast of Asia during both migrations, the southern pathway followed by the Alaska breeders has remained unknown. Two questions have particular ecological importance: (1) do Alaska godwits migrate directly across the Pacific, a distance of 11 000 km? and (2) are they capable of doing this in a single flight without stopping to rest or refuel? We explored six lines of evidence to answer these questions. The distribution of resightings of marked birds of the baueri and menzbieri races was significantly different between northward and southward flights with virtually no marked baueri resighted along the Asian mainland during southward migration. The timing of southward migration of the two races further indicates the absence of a coastal Asia route by baueri with peak passage of godwits in general occurring there a month prior to the departure of most birds from Alaska. The use of a direct route across the Pacific is also supported by significantly more records of godwits reported from within a direct migration corridor than elsewhere in Oceania, and during,the September to November period than at other times of the year. The annual but rare occurrence of Hudsonian Godwits (L. haemastica) in New Zealand and the absence of their records along the Asian mainland also support a direct flight and are best explained by Hudsonian Godwits accompanying Bar-tailed Godwits from known communal staging areas in Alaska. Flight simulation models, extreme fat loads, and the apparent evolution of a wind-selected migration from Alaska further support a direct, nonstop flight. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Groningen, Anim Ecol Grp, Ctr Ecol & Evolut Studies, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol & Evolut, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admin, Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. Canadian Meteorol Serv, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. RP Gill, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM robert_gill@usgs.gov RI Piersma, Theunis/D-1871-2012 NR 87 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 33 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1650/7613 PG 20 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 896UV UT WOS:000226960300001 ER PT J AU Lyons, JE AF Lyons, JE TI Habitat specific foraging of Prothonotary warblers: Deducing habitat quality SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE attack rate; food availability; foraging behavior; habitat quality; Prothonotary Warbler; Protonotaria citrea ID PIPITS ANTHUS-SPINOLETTA; FOOD AVAILABILITY; FOREST BIRDS; INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS; PREY DISTRIBUTION; BREEDING-SEASON; CLUTCH SIZE; GREAT TIT; BEHAVIOR; SUCCESS AB Foraging behavior often reflects food availability in predictable ways. For example, in habitats where food availability is high, predators should attack prey more often and move more slowly than in habitats where food availability is low. To assess relative food availability and habitat quality, I studied the foraging behavior of breeding Prothonotary Warblers (Protonotaria citrea) in two forest habitat types, cypress-gum swamp forest and coastal-plain levee forest. I quantified foraging behavior with focal animal sampling and continuous recording during foraging bouts. I measured two aspects of foraging behavior: 1) prey attack rate (attacks per minute), using four attack maneuvers (glean, sally, hover, strike), and 2) foraging speed (movements per minute), using three types of movement (hop, short flight [less than or equal to1 m], long flight [>1 m]). Warblers attacked prey more often in cypress-gum swamp forest than in coastal-plain levee forest. Foraging speed, however, was not different between habitats. I also measured foraging effort (% time spent foraging) and relative frequency of attack maneuvers employed in each habitat; neither of these variables was influenced by forest type. I conclude that Prothonotary Warblers encounter more prey when foraging in cypress-gum swamps than in coastal-plain levee forest, and that greater food availability results in higher density and greater reproductive success for birds breeding in cypress-gum swamp. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lyons, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jlyons@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 21 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1650/7462 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 896UV UT WOS:000226960300004 ER PT J AU Kleeman, PM Gilardi, JD AF Kleeman, PM Gilardi, JD TI Geographical variation of St Lucia Parrot flight vocalizations SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Amazona versicolor; geographical variation; parrot; vocalization ID DIALECTS; SONG; SPARROWS; COWBIRD; CALL AB Parrots are vocal learners and many species of parrots are capable of learning new calls, even as adults. This capability gives parrots the potential to develop communication systems that can vary dramatically over space. St. Lucia Parrot (Amazona versicolor) flight vocalizations were examined for geographic variation between four different sites on the island of St. Lucia. Spectrographic cross-correlation analysis of a commonly used flight vocalization, the p-chow call, demonstrated quantitative differences between sites. Additionally, the similarity of p-chows decreased as the distance between sites increased. Flight call repertoires also differed among sites; parrots at the Des Bottes and Quilesse sites each used one flight call unique to those sites, while parrots at the Barre de L'Isle site used a flight call that Quilesse parrots gave only while perched. It is unclear whether the vocal variation changed clinally with distance, or whether there were discrete dialect boundaries as in a congener, the Yellow-naped Parrot (Amazona auropalliata, Wright 1996). The geographical scale over which the St. Lucia Parrot's vocal variation occurred was dramatically smaller than that of the Yellow-naped Parrot. Similar patterns of fine-scale vocal variation may be more widespread among other parrot species in the Caribbean than previously documented. C1 USGS, W Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Wildlife Preservat Trust Int, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. RP Kleeman, PM (reprint author), USGS, W Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM pkleeman@usgs.gov OI Kleeman, Patrick/0000-0001-6567-3239 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 62 EP 68 DI 10.1650/7568 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 896UV UT WOS:000226960300006 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JH Taylor, EJ Rexstad, EA AF Schmidt, JH Taylor, EJ Rexstad, EA TI Incubation behaviors and patterns of nest attendance in common goldeneyes in interior Alaska SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Bucephala clangula; Common; Goldeneye; incubation; nest attendance; nesting behavior ID NORTHERN SHOVELERS; DUCKS; RHYTHMS; MASS AB We hypothesized that nest attendance characteristics in Common Goldeneyes (Bucephala clangula) at the northern limit of their range differ from those of more southern populations. In 2002 and 2003, we used artificial eggs containing temperature-sensing data loggers to obtain nest attendance data from 20 incubating females over 515 days. On average (+/-SE), each female spent 79.8 +/- 0.3% of the day on the nest, and took 2.9 +/- 0.1 recesses per day, each averaging 100.7 +/- 1.5 minutes. These recess characteristics were comparable to those reported for other Common Goldeneye populations. Most recesses (88%) occurred between 09:00 and 22:00 Alaskan Daylight Time although recesses were initiated at all times of day. Female incubation behavior does not appear to be strongly influenced by coarse-level environmental variables or the female-specific variables that we measured, but could be related to a complex assortment of fine-scale environmental or endogenous factors. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst Alaska, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Schmidt, JH (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftjhs2@uaf.edu OI Rexstad, Eric/0000-0002-4323-8161 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1650/7655 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 896UV UT WOS:000226960300020 ER PT J AU Rizzolo, DJ Esler, D Roby, DD Jarvis, RL AF Rizzolo, DJ Esler, D Roby, DD Jarvis, RL TI Do wintering Harlequin Ducks forage nocturnally at high latitudes? SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Harlequin Duck; Histrionicus; histrionicus; nocturnal foraging; radio telemetry; time constraint; winter ID GEESE BRANTA-BERNICLA; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; SEA DUCKS; POLYSTICTA-STELLERI; MARBLED MURRELETS; BARNACLE GEESE; HABITAT USE; BODY SIZE; CONSTRAINTS; EIDERS AB We monitored radio-tagged Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) to determine whether nocturnal feeding was part of their foraging strategy during winter in south-central Alaska. Despite attributes of our study site (low ambient temperatures, harsh weather, short day length) and study species (small body size, high daytime foraging rates) that would be expected to favor nocturnal foraging, we found no evidence of nocturnal dive-feeding. Signals from eight radio-tagged Harlequin Ducks never exhibited signal loss due to diving during a total of 780 minutes of nocturnal monitoring. In contrast, the same eight birds exhibited signal loss during 62 +/- 7% (SE) of 5-minute diurnal monitoring periods (total of 365 minutes of monitoring). Our results suggest that Harlequin Ducks in south-central Alaska face a stringent time constraint on daytime foraging during midwinter. Harlequin Ducks wintering at high latitudes, therefore, may be particularly sensitive to factors that increase foraging requirements or decrease foraging efficiency. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rizzolo, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM drizzolo@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1650/7611 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 896UV UT WOS:000226960300021 ER PT J AU Dohmen-Janssen, CM Hanes, DM AF Dohmen-Janssen, CM Hanes, DM TI Sheet flow and suspended sediment due to wave groups in a large wave flume SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE wave flume experiments; wave groups; sediment transport; sheet flow; suspension; time-lag ID OSCILLATORY BOUNDARY-LAYERS; SAND CONCENTRATION; BED; SUSPENSION; TRANSPORT AB A series of sand bed experiments was carried out in the Large Wave Flume in Hannover, Germany as a component of the SISTEX99 experiment. The experiments focussed oil the dynamic sediment response due to wave group forcing over a flat sand bed in order to improve understanding of cross-shore sediment transport mechanisms and determine sediment concentrations, fluxes and net transport rates under these conditions. Sediment concentrations were measured within the sheet flow layer (thickness in the order of 10 grain diameters) and in the suspension region (thickness in the, order of centimetres). Within the sheet flow layer, the concentrations are highly coherent with the instantaneous nearbed velocities due to each wave within the wave group. However, in the suspension layer concentrations respond much more slowly to changes in near-bed velocity. At several centimetres above the bed, the suspended sediment concentrations vary oil the time scale of the wave group, with a time delay relative to the peak wave within the wave group. The thickness of the sheet flow changes with time. It is strongly coherent with the wave forcing. and is not influenced by the history or sequence of the waves within the group. The velocity of the sediment was also measured within the sheet flow layer some of the time (during the larger wave crests of the group), and the velocity of the fluid was measured at several cm above the sheet flow layer. The grain velocity and concentration estimates can be combined to estimate the sediment flux. The estimates were found to be consistent with previous measurements under monochromatic waves. Under these conditions, without any significant mean current, the sediment flux within the sheet flow layer was found to greatly exceed the sediment flux in the suspension layer. As a result, net transport rates under wave groups are similar to those under monochromatic waves. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Twente, Dept Civil Engn, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Dohmen-Janssen, CM (reprint author), Univ Twente, Dept Civil Engn, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. EM c.m.dohmen-janssen@ctw.utwente.nl; dhanes@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 333 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.10.009 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 894CY UT WOS:000226769100003 ER PT J AU Xu, JP AF Xu, JP TI Observations of plan-view sand ripple behavior and spectral wave climate on the inner shelf of San Pedro Bay, California SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE anorbital ripples; directional wave spectra; fine sand ID SMALL-SCALE BEDFORMS; IRREGULAR WAVES; GEOMETRY; MIGRATION; EVOLUTION; SHOREFACE; DYNAMICS; CURRENTS AB Concurrent video images of sand ripples and current meter measurements of directional wave spectra are analyzed to study the relations between waves and wave-generated sand ripples. The data were collected on the inner shelf off Huntington Beach, California, at 15 m water depth, where the sea floor is comprised or well-sorted very, fine sands (D-50 = 92 mum), during the winter of 2002. The wave climate, which was controlled by southerly swells (12-18s period) and westerly wind waves (5-10s period), included three wave types: (A) uni-modal, swells only; (B) bi-modal, swells dominant; and (C) bi-modal, wind-wave dominant. Each wave type has distinct relations with the plan-view shapes of ripples that are classified into five types: (1) sharp-crested, two-dimensional (2-D) ripples; (2) sharp-crested, brickpattern, 3-D ripples;, (3) bifurcated, 3-D ripples; (4) round-crested, shallow, 3-D ripples; and (5) flat bed. The ripple spacing is very small and varies between 4.5 and 7.5 cm. These ripples are anorbital as ripples in many field studies. Ripple orientation is only correlated with wave directions during strong storms (wave type C). In a poly-modal. multidirectional spectral wave environment, the use of the peak parameters (frequency, direction), a common practice when spectral wave measurements are unavailable, may lead to significant errors in boundary layer and sediment transport calculations. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Xu, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jpx@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 373 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.10.004 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 894CY UT WOS:000226769100005 ER PT J AU Drake, PT McManus, MA Storlazzi, CD AF Drake, PT McManus, MA Storlazzi, CD TI Local wind forcing of the Monterey Bay area inner shelf SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal upwelling; inner shelf; wind-driven currents; Ekman transport ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SHELF; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FREQUENCY CURRENT; OREGON COAST; WEST-COAST; OPEN OCEAN; SEA-LEVEL; DYNAMICS; CURRENTS; TEMPERATURE AB Wind forcing and the seasonal cycles of temperature and currents were investigated on the inner shelf of the Monterey Bay area of the California coast for 460 days, from June 2001 to September 2002. Temperature measurements spanned an approximate 100 km stretch of coastline from a bluff just north of Monterey Bay south to Point Sur. Inner shelf currents were measured at two sites near the bay's northern shore. Seasonal temperature variations were consistent with previous observations from the central California shelf. During the spring, summer and fall, a seasonal mean alongshore current was observed flowing northwestward in the northern bay. in direct opposition to a southeastward wind stress. A barotropic alongshore pressure gradient, potentially driving the northwestward flow. was needed to balance the alongshore momentum equation. With the exception of the winter season, vertical profiles of mean cross-shore currents were consistent with two-dimensional upwelling and existing observations from upwelling regions with poleward subsurface flow. At periods of 15-60 days, temperature fluctuations were coherent both throughout the domain and with the regional wind field. Remote wind forcing was minimal. During the spring upwelling season, alongshore currents and temperatures in the northern bay were most coherent with winds measured at a nearby land meteorological station. This wind site showed relatively low correlations to offshore buoy wind stations. indicating localized wind effects are important to the circulation along this stretch of Monterey Bay's inner shelf. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Drake, PT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM drake@biology.ucsc.edu OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 397 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.10.006 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 894CY UT WOS:000226769100006 ER PT J AU Sisson, TW Ratajeski, K Hankins, WB Glazner, AF AF Sisson, TW Ratajeski, K Hankins, WB Glazner, AF TI Voluminous granitic magmas from common basaltic sources SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; ACTIVE CONTINENTAL MARGINS; ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES; ARCHEAN TRONDHJEMITES; THERMODYNAMIC DATA; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; MELT COMPOSITIONS; REDOX REACTIONS; OXYGEN BUFFER; 15 KBAR AB Granitic-rhyolitic liquids were produced experimentally from moderately hydrous (1.7-2.3 wt% H-2(2)O) medium-to-high K basaltic compositions at 700 MPa and fO (controlled from Ni-NiO -1.3 to +4. Amount and composition of evolved liquids and coexisting mineral assemblages vary with fO)(2) (and temperature, with melt being more evolved at higher fO)(s, where coexisting mineral assemblages are more plagioclase- and Fe-Ti oxide-rich and amphibole-poor. At fO)(2)(2) of Ni-NiO +1, typical for many silicic magmas, the samples produce 12-25 wt% granitic-rhyolitic liquid, amounts varying with bulk composition. Medium-to-high K basalts are common in subduction-related magmatic arcs, and near-solidus true granite or rhyolite liquids can form widely, and in geologically significant quantities, by advanced crystallization-differentiation or by low-degree partial remelting of mantle-derived basaltic sources. Previously differentiated or weathered materials may be involved in generating specific felsic magmas, but are not required for such magmas to be voluminous or to have the K-rich granitic compositions typical of the upper continental crust. C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Sisson, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tsisson@usgs.gov; bhankins@usgs.gov; afglazne@unc.edu NR 71 TC 340 Z9 382 U1 4 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 148 IS 6 BP 635 EP 661 DI 10.1007/s00410-004-0632-9 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 894RD UT WOS:000226808400001 ER PT J AU Evans, JR Hamstra, RH Kundig, C Camina, P Rogers, JA AF Evans, JR Hamstra, RH Kundig, C Camina, P Rogers, JA TI TREMOR: A wireless MEMS accelerograph for dense arrays SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID STRONG-MOTION DATA; 1999 CHI-CHI; TAIWAN; EARTHQUAKE/ AB The ability of a strong-motion network to resolve wavefields can be described on three axes: frequency, amplitude, and space. While the need for spatial resolution is apparent, for practical reasons that axis is often neglected. TREMOR is a MEMS-based accelerograph using wireless Internet to minimize lifecycle cost. TREMOR instruments can economically augment traditional ones, residing between them to improve spatial resolution. The TREMOR instrument described here has dynamic range of 96 dB between +/-2 g, or 102 dB between +/-4 g. It is linear to << 1% of full scale (FS), with a response function effectively shaped electronically. We developed an economical, very low noise, accurate (<< 1%FS) temperature compensation method. Displacement is easily recovered to 10-cm accuracy at full bandwidth,,and better with care. We deployed prototype instruments in Oakland, California, beginning in 1998, with 13 now at mean spacing of similar to 3 km-one of the most densely instrumented urban centers in the United States. This array is among the quickest in returning (PGA, PGV, S-a) vectors to ShakeMap, similar to 75 to 100 s. Some 13 events have been recorded. A ShakeMap and an example of spatial variability are shown. Extensive tests of the prototypes for a commercial instrument are described here and in a companion paper. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Circuit Solut, San Jose, CA 95129 USA. GeoSIG Ltd, CH-8152 Glattbrugg, Switzerland. DAQ Syst, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Evans, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD FEB PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 91 EP 124 DI 10.1193/1.1856534 PG 34 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 951VQ UT WOS:000230960300005 ER PT J AU Holzer, TL Bennett, MJ Noce, TE Tinsley, JC AF Holzer, TL Bennett, MJ Noce, TE Tinsley, JC TI Shear-wave velocity of surficial geologic sediments in northern California: Statistical distributions and depth dependence SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID MOTION AB Shear-wave velocities of shallow surficial geologic units were measured at 210 sites in a 140-km(2) area in the greater Oakland, California, area near the margin of San Francisco Bay. Differences between average values of shear-wave velocity for each geologic unit computed by alternative approaches were in general smaller than the observed variability. Averages estimated by arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and slowness differed by I to 8%, while coefficients of variation ranged from 14 to 25%. With the exception of the younger Bay mud that underlies San Francisco Bay, velocities of the geologic units are approximately constant with depth. This suggests that shear-wave velocities measured at different depths in these surficial geologic units do not need to be normalized to account for overburden stress in order to compute average values. The depth dependence of the velocity of the younger Bay mud most likely is caused by consolidation. Velocities of each geologic unit are consistent with a normal statistical distribution. Average values increase with geologic age, as has been previously reported. Velocities below the water table are about 7% less than those above it. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Holzer, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD FEB PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.1193/1.1852561 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 951VQ UT WOS:000230960300008 ER PT J AU Zhang, RRC Hartzell, S Liang, JW Hu, YX AF Zhang, RRC Hartzell, S Liang, JW Hu, YX TI An alternative approach to characterize nonlinear site effects SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION; HILBERT-HUANG TRANSFORM; GROUND-MOTION; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; EARTHQUAKE; WASHINGTON; CALIFORNIA; SPECTRUM; SEATTLE; FAULT AB This paper examines the rationale of a method of nonstationary data processing and analysis, referred to as the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), for its application to a recording-based approach in quantifying influences of soil nonlinearity in site response. In particular, this paper first summarizes symptoms of soil nonlinearity shown in earthquake recordings, reviews the Fourier-based approach to characterizing nonlinearity, and offers justifications for the HUT in addressing nonlinearity issues. This study then uses the HHT method to analyze synthetic data and recordings from the 1964 Niigata and 2001 Nisqually earthquakes. In doing so, the HHT-based site response is defined as the ratio of marginal Hilbert amplitude spectra, alternative to the Fourier-based response that is the ratio of Fourier amplitude spectra. With the Fourier-based approach in studies of site response as a reference, this study shows that the alternative HHT-based approach is effective in characterizing soil nonlinearity and nonlinear site response. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Tianjin Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. China Seismol Bur, Inst Geophys, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, RRC (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD FEB PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 243 EP 274 DI 10.1193/1.1853390 PG 32 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 951VQ UT WOS:000230960300013 ER PT J AU Rastetter, EB Perakis, SS Shaver, GR Agren, GI AF Rastetter, EB Perakis, SS Shaver, GR Agren, GI TI Terrestrial C sequestration at elevated-CO2 and temperature: The role of dissolved organic N loss SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon-nitrogen interactions; carbon sequestration; dissolved inorganic nitrogen; dissolved organic nitrogen; ecosystem models; global climate change; soil C : N; terrestrial ecosystems ID FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INORGANIC NITROGEN; FORESTED ECOSYSTEM; AMINO-ACID; SOIL; CARBON; NUTRIENT; GROWTH; FIXATION AB We used a simple model of carbon-nitrogen (C-N) interactions in terrestrial ecosystems to examine the responses to elevated CO2 and to elevated CO2 Plus warming in ecosystems that had the same total nitrogen loss but that differed in the ratio of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) loss. We postulate that DIN losses can be curtailed by higher N demand in response to elevated CO2, but that DON losses cannot. We also examined simulations in which DON losses were held constant, were proportional to the amount of soil organic matter, were proportional to the soil C:N ratio, or were proportional to the rate of decomposition. We found that the mode of N loss made little difference to the short-term (<60 years) rate of carbon sequestration by the ecosystem, but high DON losses resulted in much lower carbon sequestration in the long term than did low DON losses. In the short term, C sequestration was fueled by an internal redistribution of N froth soils to vegetation and by increases in the C:N ratio of soils and vegetation. This sequestration was about three times larger with elevated CO2 and warming than with elevated CO2 alone. After year 60, C sequestration was fueled by a net accumulation of N in the ecosystem, and the rate of sequestration was about the same with elevated CO, and warming as with elevated CO2 alone. With high DON losses, the ecosystem either sequestered C slowly after year 60 (when DON losses were constant or proportional to soil organic matter) or lost C (when DON losses were proportional to the soil C:N ratio or to decomposition). We conclude that changes in long-term C sequestration depend not only on the magnitude of N losses, but also on the form of those losses. C1 Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol & Environm Res, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Rastetter, EB (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM erastett@mbl.edu OI Rastetter, Edward/0000-0002-8620-5431 NR 65 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 71 EP 86 DI 10.1890/03-5303 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899BU UT WOS:000227120700006 ER PT J AU Neff, JC Reynolds, RL Belnap, J Lamothe, P AF Neff, JC Reynolds, RL Belnap, J Lamothe, P TI Multi-decadal impacts of grazing on soil physical and biogeochemical properties in southeast Utah SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE arid; carbon; desert; erosion; grazing; nitrogen; phosphorus; soil; soil crust; Utah ID CANYONLANDS-NATIONAL-PARK; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; DESERT; CRUSTS; ECOSYSTEMS; RANGELANDS; GRASSLAND; RECOVERY; WORLD AB Many soils in southeastern Utah are protected from surface disturbance by biological soil crusts that stabilize soils and reduce erosion by wind and water. When these crusts are disturbed by land use, soils become susceptible to erosion. In this study, we compare a never-grazed grassland in Canyonlands National Park with two historically grazed sites with similar geologic, geomorphic, and geochemical characteristics that were grazed from the late 1800s until 1974. We show that, despite almost 30 years without livestock grazing, surface soils in the historically grazed sites have 38-43% less silt, as well as 14-51% less total elemental soil Mg, Na, P, and Mn content relative to soils never exposed to livestock disturbances. Using magnetic measurement of soil magnetite content (a proxy for the stabilization of far-traveled eolian dust) we suggest that the differences in Mg, Na, P, and Mn are related to wind erosion of soil fine particles after the historical disturbance by livestock grazing. Historical grazing may also lead to changes in soil organic matter content including declines of 60-70% in surface soil C and N relative to the never-grazed sites. Collectively, the differences in soil C and N content and the evidence for substantial rock-derived nutrient loss to wind erosion implies that livestock grazing could have long-lasting effects on the soil fertility of native grasslands in this part of southeastern Utah. This study suggests that nutrient loss due to wind erosion of soils should be a consideration for management decisions related to the long-term sustainability of grazing operations in and environments. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Neff, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM neffjc@colorado.edu RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 NR 53 TC 112 Z9 122 U1 10 U2 60 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1890/04-0268 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899BU UT WOS:000227120700007 ER PT J AU Baker, BW Ducharme, HC Mitchell, DCS Stanley, TR Peinetti, HR AF Baker, BW Ducharme, HC Mitchell, DCS Stanley, TR Peinetti, HR TI Interaction of beaver and elk herbivory reduces standing crop of willow SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE beaver; Castor canadensis; compensatory growth; elk; herbivory; livestock; plant-herbivore interaction; Rocky Mountain National Park (USA); Salix monticola; standing crop; ungulate; willow ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SALIX-MONTICOLA; WINTER RANGE; BIOMASS; WATER; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; REGROWTH; DYNAMICS; UNGULATE AB Populations of beaver and willow have not thrived in riparian environments that are heavily browsed by livestock or ungulates, such as elk. The interaction of beaver and elk herbivory may be an important mechanism underlying beaver and willow declines in this competitive environment. We conducted a field experiment that compared the standing crop of willow three years after simulated beaver cutting on paired plants with and without intense elk browsing (similar to85% utilization rate). Simulated beaver cutting with intense elk browsing produced willow that was small (biomass and diameter) and short, with far fewer, but longer, shoots and a higher percentage of dead biomass. In contrast, simulated beaver cutting without elk browsing produced willow that was large, tall, and leafy, with many more, but shorter, shoots (highly branched) and a lower percentage of dead biomass. Total stem biomass after three years was 10 times greater on unbrowsed plants than on browsed plants. Unbrowsed plants recovered 84% of their pre-cut biomass after only two growing seasons, whereas browsed plants recovered only 6%. Thus, the interaction of beaver cutting and elk browsing strongly suppressed the standing crop of willow. We predict that a lack of willow suitable as winter food for beaver can cause beaver populations to decline, creating a feedback mechanism that reduces beaver and willow populations. Thus, intense herbivory by ungulates or livestock can disrupt beaver-willow mutualisms that naturally occur in less competitive environments. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Royal Mil Coll Canada, Stn Forces, Environm Sci Grp, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Nacl La Pampa, Fac Agron, Santa Rosa, Argentina. RP Baker, BW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM bruce_baker@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1890/03-5237 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899BU UT WOS:000227120700009 ER PT J AU Farnsworth, ML Wolfe, LL Hobbs, NT Burnham, KP Williams, ES Theobald, DM Conner, MM Miller, MW AF Farnsworth, ML Wolfe, LL Hobbs, NT Burnham, KP Williams, ES Theobald, DM Conner, MM Miller, MW TI Human land use influences chronic wasting disease prevalence in mule deer SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; CWD; epidemiology; landscape alteration; land use; model selection; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; prion; urbanization ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; LYME-DISEASE; WILDLIFE; HABITAT; ECOLOGY; BIRDS; ELK AB Human alteration of landscapes can affect the distribution, abundance, and behavior of wildlife. We explored the effects of human land use on the prevalence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations residing in north-central Colorado. We chose best approximating models estimating CWD prevalence in relation to differences in human land use, sex, and geographic location. Prevalence was higher in developed areas and among male deer, suggesting anthropogenic influences on the occurrence of disease. We also found a relatively high degree of variation in prevalence across the three study sites, suggesting that spatial patterns in disease may be influenced by other factors operating at a broader, landscape scale. Our results suggest that multiple factors, including changes in land use, differences in exposure risk between sexes, and landscape-scaled heterogeneity, are associated with CWD prevalence in north-central Colorado. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Wildlife Res Ctr, Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, USGS, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Farnsworth, ML (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mattf@cnr.colostate.edu RI Hobbs, Tom/C-5263-2016 NR 35 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 6 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1890/04-0194 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899BU UT WOS:000227120700010 ER PT J AU Louda, SM Rand, TA Arnett, AE McClay, AS Shea, K McEachern, AK AF Louda, SM Rand, TA Arnett, AE McClay, AS Shea, K McEachern, AK TI Evaluation-of ecological risk to populations of a threatened plant from an invasive biocontrol insect SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE Cirsium pitcheri; ecological risk assessment; insect-plant interactions; nontarget effects; plant demography; rare plants; Rhinocyllus conicus ID RHINOCYLLUS-CONICUS COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; NATIVE CIRSIUM THISTLES; HOST-SPECIFICITY; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; PLATTE THISTLE; SEED PREDATION; EXOTIC WEEVIL; WEED-CONTROL; FROEL COL AB Controversy exists over estimation of ecological risk in biological control. At present, the risk to the rare, federally listed Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitcheri) in North America from Rhinocyllus conicus, a biological control weevil now feeding on many native thistles, is unknown. We hypothesized that quantification of host specificity and potential phenological overlap between insect and plant would, improve assessment of the magnitude of risk. In laboratory host specificity. tests, we found no significant difference in R. conicus feeding or oviposition preference between the rare C pitcheri and the targeted exotic weed (Carduus nutans) or between C pitcheri and Platte thistle (C. canescens), a closely related native North American species known to be affected by R. conicus. In a garden environment, R. conicus spontaneously found, oviposited, and developed completely on C. pitcheri. Taller plants with more flower heads were significantly more vulnerable, suggesting that the greatest impact is likely to be on individuals that generally contribute the most to recruitment and population persistence. For eight sites in two national parks over three years, the calculated period of expected R. conicus activity overlapped 99% and 78% of the flower heads initiated by, C. pitcheri in the southern and the northern park, respectively. A demographic model suggests that population growth. rate (lambda) of C. pitcheri will decrease from 0.9897 to 0.8686, while time to halve the population will decrease from 66.9 to 4.9 years, under the conservative assumption that oviposition by R. conicus on C. pitcheri will occur at the same rate as on the related C. canescens. Calculated decreases in lambda and t(0.5) are larger if the rate of, oviposition actually. observed in the laboratory tests is used. These results indicate-that the weevil poses a serious quantitative, demographic risk to the threatened C. pitcheri. T he study supports the suggestion that ecological data can be used to improve the quantification of risk to native nontarget plant populations within the potential physiological host range of a biological control insect. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Unity Coll, Unity, ME 04988 USA. Alberta Res Council, Vegreville, AB T9C 1T4, Canada. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Western Ecol Res Ctr, Channel Isl Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. RP Louda, SM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM Slouda@UNL.edu RI Shea, Katriona/B-7954-2008 OI Shea, Katriona/0000-0002-7607-8248 NR 106 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 34 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 234 EP 249 DI 10.1890/03-5212 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 899BU UT WOS:000227120700018 ER PT J AU Hooper, DU Chapin, FS Ewel, JJ Hector, A Inchausti, P Lavorel, S Lawton, JH Lodge, DM Loreau, M Naeem, S Schmid, B Setala, H Symstad, AJ Vandermeer, J Wardle, DA AF Hooper, DU Chapin, FS Ewel, JJ Hector, A Inchausti, P Lavorel, S Lawton, JH Lodge, DM Loreau, M Naeem, S Schmid, B Setala, H Symstad, AJ Vandermeer, J Wardle, DA TI Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: A consensus of current knowledge SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE biodiversity; complementary resource use; ecosystem goods and services; ecosystem processes; ecosystem properties; functional characteristics; functional diversity; net primary production; sampling effect; species extinction; species invasions; species richness; stability ID EXPERIMENTAL PLANT-COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY-PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; BELOW-GROUND BIODIVERSITY; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; EXPERIMENTAL GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES; MEDITERRANEAN ANNUAL COMMUNITIES; RELATING SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BIOCONTROL BEATS RABBITS; ELEVATED CO2; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS AB Humans are altering the composition of biological communities through a variety of activities that increase rates of species invasions and species extinctions, at all scales, from local to global. These changes in components of the Earth's biodiversity cause concern for ethical and aesthetic reasons, but they also have a strong potential to alter ecosystem properties and the goods and services they provide to humanity. Ecological experiments, observations, and theoretical developments show that ecosystem properties depend greatly on biodiversity in terms of the functional characteristics of organisms present in the ecosystem and the distribution and abundance of those organisms over space and time. Species effects act in concert with the effects of climate, resource availability, and disturbance regimes in influencing ecosystem properties. Human activities can modify all of the above factors; here we focus on modification of these biotic controls. The scientific community has come to a broad consensus on many aspects of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, including many points relevant to management of ecosystems. Further progress will require integration of knowledge about biotic and abiotic controls on ecosystem properties, how ecological communities are structured, and the forces driving species extinctions and invasions. To strengthen links to policy and management, we also need to integrate our ecological knowledge with understanding of the social and economic constraints of potential management practices. Understanding this complexity, while taking strong steps to minimize current losses of species, is necessary for responsible management of Earth's ecosystems and the diverse biota they contain. Based on our review of the scientific literature, we are certain of the following conclusions: 1)Species' functional characteristics strongly influence ecosystem properties. Functional characteristics operate in a variety of contexts, including effects of dominant species, keystone species', ecological engineers, and interactions among species (e.g., competition, facilitation, mutualism, disease, and predation). Relative abundance alone is not always a good predictor of the ecosystem-level importance of a species, as even relatively rare species (e.g., a keystone predator) can strongly influence pathways of energy and material flows. 2) Alteration of biota in ecosystems via species invasions and extinctions caused by human activities has altered ecosystem goods and services in many well-documented cases. Many of these changes are difficult, expensive, or impossible to reverse or fix with technological solutions. 3) The effects of species loss or changes in composition, and the mechanisms by which the effects manifest themselves, can differ among ecosystem properties, ecosystem types, and pathways of potential community change. 4) Some ecosystem properties are initially insensitive to species loss because (a) ecosystems may have multiple species that carry out similar functional roles, (b) some species may contribute relatively little to ecosystem properties, or (c) properties may be primarily controlled by abiotic environmental conditions. 5) More species are needed to insure a stable supply of ecosystem goods and services as spatial and temporal variability increases, which typically occurs as longer time periods and larger areas are considered. We have high confidence in the following conclusions: 1) Certain combinations of species are complementary in their patterns of resource use and can increase average rates of productivity and nutrient retention. At the same time, environmental conditions can influence the importance of complementarity in structuring communities. Identification of which and how many species act in a complementary way in complex communities is just beginning. 2) Susceptibility to invasion by exotic species is strongly influenced by species composition and, under similar environmental conditions, generally decreases with increasing species richness. However, several other factors, such as propagule pressure, disturbance regime, and resource availability also strongly influence invasion success and often override effects of species richness in comparisons across different sites or ecosystems. 3) Having a range of species that respond differently to different environmental perturbations can stabilize ecosystem process rates in response to disturbances and variation in abiotic conditions. Using practices that maintain a diversity of organisms of different functional effect and functional response types will help preserve a range of management options. Uncertainties remain and further research is necessary in the following areas: 1) Further resolution of the relationships among taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and community structure is important for identifying mechanisms of biodiversity effects. 2) Multiple trophic levels are common to ecosystems but have been understudied in biodiversity/ecosystem functioning research. The response of ecosystem properties to varying composition and diversity of consumer organisms is much more complex than responses seen in experiments that vary only the diversity of primary producers. 3) Theoretical work on stability has outpaced experimental, work, especially field research. We need long-term experiments to be able to assess temporal stability, as well as experimental perturbations to assess response to and recovery from a variety of disturbances. Design and analysis of such experiments must account for several factors that covary with species diversity. 4) Because biodiversity both responds to and influences ecosystem properties, understanding the feedbacks involved is necessary to integrate results from experimental communities with patterns seen at broader scales. Likely patterns of extinction and invasion need to be linked to different drivers of global change, the forces that structure communities, and controls on ecosystem properties for the development of effective management and conservation strategies. 5) This paper focuses primarily on terrestrial systems, with some coverage of freshwater systems, because that is where most empirical and theoretical study has focused. While the fundamental principles described here should apply to marine systems, further study of that realm is necessary. Despite some uncertainties about the mechanisms and circumstances under which diversity influences ecosystem properties, incorporating diversity effects into policy and management is essential, especially in making decisions involving large temporal and spatial scales. Sacrificing those aspects of ecosystems that are difficult or impossible to reconstruct, such as diversity, simply because we are not yet certain about the extent and mechanisms by which they affect ecosystem properties, will restrict future management options even further. It is incumbent upon ecologists to communicate this need, and the values that can derive from such a perspective, to those charged with economic and policy decision-making. C1 Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Environm Sci, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. CNRS, CEBC, F-79360 Beauvoir Sur Niort, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Ecol Alpine, UMR 5553, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. Natl Environm Res Council, Swindon SN2 1EU, Wilts, England. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Sci Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ecole Normale Super, Ecol Lab, UMR 7625, F-75230 Paris 05, France. Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, FIN-15140 Lahti, Finland. US Geol Survey, Mt Rushmore Natl Mem, Keystone, SD 57751 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Vegetat Ecol, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. RP Hooper, DU (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM hooper@biol.wwu.edu RI Schmid, Bernhard/C-8625-2009; Wardle, David/F-6031-2011; Hector, Andrew/H-4199-2011; Setala, Heikki/P-7354-2015; Langhamer, Olivia/J-3425-2012; OI Schmid, Bernhard/0000-0002-8430-3214; Wardle, David/0000-0002-0476-7335; Hector, Andrew/0000-0002-1309-7716; Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 393 TC 2832 Z9 3019 U1 577 U2 4992 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 75 IS 1 BP 3 EP 35 DI 10.1890/04-0922 PG 33 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 900ZY UT WOS:000227254000001 ER PT J AU Seyfried, MS Schwinning, S Walvoord, MA Pockman, WT Newman, BD Jackson, RB Phillips, EM AF Seyfried, MS Schwinning, S Walvoord, MA Pockman, WT Newman, BD Jackson, RB Phillips, EM TI Ecohydrological control of deep drainage in arid and semiarid regions SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deep drainage; ecohydrology; groundwater recharge; xeric shrubs ID PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPE; DESERT VADOSE ZONES; SOIL-WATER; ROOTING DEPTH; MOJAVE DESERT; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; VEGETATION CHANGE; UNSATURATED FLOW; HYDRAULIC LIFT; SONORAN DESERT AB The amount and spatial distribution of deep drainage (downward movement of water across the bottom of the root zone) and groundwater recharge affect the quantity and quality of increasingly limited groundwater in arid and semiarid regions. We synthesize research from the fields of ecology and hydrology to address the issue of deep drainage in and and semiarid regions. We start with a recently developed hydrological model that accurately simulates soil water potential and geochemical profiles measured in thick (>50 m), unconsolidated vadose zones. Model results indicate that, since the climate change that marked the onset of the Holocene period 10000-15000 years ago, there has been no deep drainage in vegetated interdrainage areas and that continuous, relatively low (<-1 MPa) soil water potentials have been maintained at depths of 2-3 m. A conceptual model consistent with these results proposes that the native, xeric-shrub-dominated, plant communities that gained dominance during the Holocene generated and maintained these conditions. We present three lines of ecological evidence that support the conceptual model. First, xeric shrubs have sufficiently deep rooting systems with low extraction limits to generate the modeled conditions. Second, the characteristic deep-rooted soil-plant systems store sufficient water to effectively buffer deep soil from climatic fluctuations in these dry environments, allowing stable conditions to persist for long periods of time. And third, adaptations resulting in deep, low-extraction-limit rooting systems confer significant advantages to xeric shrubs in and and semiarid environments. We then consider conditions in arid and semiarid regions in which the conceptual model may not apply, leading to the expectation that portions of many arid and semiarid watersheds supply some deep drainage. Further ecohydrologic research is required to elucidate critical climatic and edaphic thresholds, evaluate the role of important physiological processes (Such as hydraulic redistribution), and evaluate the role of deep roots in terms of carbon costs, nutrient uptake, and whole-plant development. C1 USDA, ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Biosphere 2 Ctr, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Seyfried, MS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM mseyfrie@nwrc.ars.usda.gov RI Pockman, William/D-4086-2014; Schwinning, Susanne/G-6412-2015 OI Pockman, William/0000-0002-3286-0457; Schwinning, Susanne/0000-0002-9740-0291 NR 73 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 7 U2 68 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.1890/03-0568 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906IM UT WOS:000227634400002 ER PT J AU Belnap, J Welter, JR Grimm, NB Barger, N Ludwig, JA AF Belnap, J Welter, JR Grimm, NB Barger, N Ludwig, JA TI Linkages between microbial and hydrologic processes in arid and semiarid watersheds SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activity pulse; biological soil crusts; desert; infiltration; nutrient cycling; precipitation ID SONORAN DESERT ECOSYSTEM; SOIL CHEMICAL-PATTERNS; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; STREAM ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; GRASSLAND; CRUSTS; CARBON; DENITRIFICATION AB Microbial activity in semiarid and and environments is closely related to the timing, intensity, and amount of precipitation. The characteristics of the soil surface, especially the influence of biological soil crusts, can determine the amount, location, and timing of water infiltration into desert soils, which, in turn, determines the type and size of microbial response. Nutrients resulting from this pulse then create a positive feedback as increases in microbial and plant biomass enhance future resource capture or, alternatively, may be lost to the atmosphere, deeper soils, or downslope patches. When rainfall intensity overwhelms the water infiltration capacity of the plant interspace or the plant patch, overland water flow links otherwise separated patches at many different scales via the transport of nutrients in water, soil, and organic matter. For example, material carried from the plant interspace is often deposited under an adjacent plant. Alternatively, material from both of these patches may be carried to rills that feed ephemeral channels, thence to seasonally intermittent and, finally, perennial streams. These inputs can either be retained by the stream-riparian ecosystem or be exported in surface flow. However, in larger perennial streams, the fate of these material inputs is confounded by the impact of storm-driven flows on the extant aquatic biota, as flash floods can also represent success ion-initiating disturbances to the stream-riparian ecosystem on a wide range of time scales. In contrast to uplands where precipitation initiates the microbial response, nutrient transfers can support a flush of plant uptake and microbial processing, triggered by high nutrient concentrations and changed nutrient form (e.g., nitrate or ammonium). The nature and strength of the linkages between the different ecosystem components define the structure and function of arid ecosystems. Losses of materials are natural processes, but it is problematic when conserving" systems become "leaky" via anthropogenic disturbance and losses exceed gains. C1 US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Field Stn, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, Atherton, Qld 4833, Australia. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Field Stn, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 S W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov RI Ludwig, John/D-4686-2011; Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009 OI Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X NR 55 TC 145 Z9 156 U1 9 U2 121 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 BP 298 EP 307 DI 10.1890/03-0567 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906IM UT WOS:000227634400004 ER PT J AU Hui, CA Rudnick, D Williams, E AF Hui, CA Rudnick, D Williams, E TI Mercury burdens in Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) in three tributaries of southern San Francisco Bay, California, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE crabs; Chinese mitten crab; Eriocheir sinensis; mercury; methylmercury; San Francisco Bay ID CHEMICAL FORM; METHYLMERCURY; FISH; ACCUMULATION; BEHAVIOR; METALS AB Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis), endemic to Asia, were first reported in the San Francisco Bay in 1992. They are now established in nearly all San Francisco Bay tributaries. These crabs accumulate more metals, such as mercury, than crustaceans living in the water column. Because their predators include fish, birds, mammals and humans, their mercury burdens have an exceptional potential to impact the ecosystem and public health. We sought to elucidate the potential threat of mitten crab mercury burdens in three adjacent streams in southern San Francisco Bay, one of which is known to be contaminated with mercury. Mitten crabs had hepatopancreas concentrations of total mercury and methylmercury that did not differ among streams. The maximum burden we measured was below the action level of 1 ppm recommended by the USEPA. Hepatopancreas concentrations of methylmercury declined with increasing crab size, suggesting a mechanism for mercury excretion and that predators might reduce mercury exposure if they select larger crabs. Because mercury may be heterogeneously distributed among tissues, estimation of the impacts of crab mercury burdens on the environment requires more data on the feeding preferences of predators. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. RP Hui, CA (reprint author), 719 2nd St,Suite 6, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bioinvestigations@sbcglobal.net; drudnick@nature.berkeley.edu NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 133 IS 3 BP 481 EP 487 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.06.019 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 875KZ UT WOS:000225420400009 PM 15519723 ER PT J AU Sobczak, WV Cloern, JE Jassby, AD Cole, BE Schraga, TS Arnsberg, A AF Sobczak, WV Cloern, JE Jassby, AD Cole, BE Schraga, TS Arnsberg, A TI Detritus fuels ecosystem metabolism but not metazoan food webs in San Francisco estuary's freshwater Delta SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SALT-MARSH; BACTERIAL PRODUCTION; ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; STABLE CARBON; JOAQUIN RIVER; HUDSON RIVER; MATTER; BAY; ECOLOGY AB Detritus from terrestrial ecosystems is the major source of organic matter in many streams, rivers, and estuaries, yet the role of detritus in supporting pelagic food webs is debated. We examined the importance of detritus to secondary productivity in the Sacramento and San Joaquin River Delta (California, United States), a large complex of tidal freshwater habitats. The Delta ecosystem has low primary productivity but large detrital inputs, so we hypothesized that detritus is the primary energy source fueling production in pelagic food webs. We assessed the sources, quantity, composition, and bioavailability of organic matter among a diversity of habitats (e.g., marsh sloughs, floodplains, tidal lakes, and deep river channels) over two years to test this hypothesis. Our results support the emerging principle that detritus dominates riverine and estuarine organic matter supply and supports the majority of ecosystem metabolism. Yet in contrast to prevailing ideas, we found that detritus was weakly coupled to the Delta's pelagic food web. Results from independent approaches showed that phytoplankton production was the dominant source of organic matter for the Delta's pelagic food web, even though primary production accounts for a small fraction of the Delta's organic matter supply. If these results are general, they suggest that the value of organic matter to higher trophic levels, including species targeted by programs of ecosystem restoration, is a function of phytoplankton production. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Sobczak, WV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM wsobczak@holycross.edu RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; OI Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 53 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 24 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 124 EP 137 DI 10.1007/BF02732759 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 910PP UT WOS:000227944300010 ER PT J AU Homyack, JA Harrison, DJ Krohn, WB AF Homyack, JA Harrison, DJ Krohn, WB TI Long-term effects of precommercial thinning on small mammals in northern Maine SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest structure; Maine; deer mice; precommercial thinning; red-backed voles; shrews; small mammals; wildlife ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; RED-BACKED VOLES; MICE PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; LODGEPOLE PINE FOREST; SPRUCE-FIR FORESTS; CLETHRIONOMYS-GAPPERI; CONIFER RELEASE; DEER MICE; NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO; SPECIES-DIVERSITY AB Precommercial thinning (PCT) is being practiced increasingly throughout the Acadian forest of eastern North America to meet silvicultural objectives; however, effects of this practice on wildlife, both immediately and several years post-treatment are not well understood. Forest dependent small mammals have ecological roles as prey for numerous avian and mammalian predators, dispersers of seeds, fruit, and spores, and contribute to nutrient cycling. Researchers in the northwestern USA have suggested that thinning of young, regenerating clearcuts may increase the abundance and diversity of some forest-dependent small mammals by increasing rates of forest development and enhancing the ecological representation of mid-successional stands across managed landscapes. We examined the effects of PCT within conifer-dominated forest stands 1-, 6-. 11-, and 16-years post-treatment. on abundances of mice, voles, and shrews. and on within-stand structure in the commercially managed, Acadian forests of northern Maine. We live-trapped small mammals on 24 herbicide-treated clearcuts treated with PCT and on 13 similar, unthinned stands during summers of 2000 and 2001. Thinning of mid-successional conifer stands resulted in increased abundances, (red-backed voles, Clethrionomys gapperi. P = 0.008: masked shrews. Sorex cinereus. P < 0.001) or had no detectable effect on (deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, P = 0.544: short-tailed shrews, Blarina brevicauda, P = 0.517) the 4 most common species of Muridae and Soricidae in northern Maine. In general, abundance of deer mice responded more positively to increasing development class and to the number of years since thinning than other species of small mammals. Several within-stand habitat characteristics associated with stand maturity, such as larger stem diameters and a partially open canopy, occurred in thinned stands. Thus, PCT may accelerate the development of habitat attributes typical of raid-successional conifer stands in intensively managed stands within the Acadian Forest. PCT may increase abundances of small mammal species associated with mid-seral forest conditions at the scale of the forest stand. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Homyack, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4000 Airport Pkwy, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. EM jessica_homyack@fws.gov NR 74 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 205 IS 1-3 BP 43 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.005 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 888WL UT WOS:000226404800004 ER PT J AU Carlisle, DM Clements, WH AF Carlisle, DM Clements, WH TI Leaf litter breakdown, microbial respiration and shredder production in metal-polluted streams SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leaf breakdown; metals; secondary production; species richness; streams ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN STREAMS; HEAVY-METALS; MINE DRAINAGE; MACROINVERTEBRATES; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; CONSERVATION; ASSEMBLAGES; RESPONSES AB 1. If species disproportionately influence ecosystem functioning and also differ in their sensitivities to environmental conditions, the selective removal of species by anthropogenic stressors may lead to strong effects on ecosystem processes. We evaluated whether these circumstances held for several Colorado, U.S.A. streams stressed by Zn. 2. Benthic invertebrates and chemistry were sampled in five second-third order streams for 1 year. Study streams differed in dissolved metal concentrations, but were otherwise similar in chemical and physical characteristics. Secondary production of leaf-shredding insects was estimated using the increment summation and size-frequency methods. Leaf litter breakdown rates were estimated by retrieving litter-bags over a 171 day period. Microbial activity on leaf litter was measured in the laboratory using changes in oxygen concentration over a 48 h incubation period. 3. Dissolved Zn concentrations varied eightfold among two reference and three polluted streams. Total secondary production of shredders was negatively associated with metal contamination. Secondary production in reference streams was dominated by Taenionema pallidum. Results of previous studies and the current investigation demonstrate that this shredder is highly sensitive to metals in Colorado headwater streams. Leaf litter breakdown rates were similar between reference streams and declined significantly in the polluted streams. Microbial respiration at the most contaminated site was significantly lower than at reference sites. 4. Our results supported the hypothesis that some shredder species contribute disproportionately to leaf litter breakdown. Furthermore, the functionally dominant taxon was also the most sensitive to metal contamination. We conclude that leaf litter breakdown in our study streams lacked functional redundancy and was therefore highly sensitive to contaminant-induced alterations in community structure. We argue for the necessity of simultaneously measuring community structure and ecosystem function in anthropogenically stressed ecosystems. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Carlisle, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dcarlisle@usgs.gov RI Clements, William/N-2686-2016 NR 54 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 42 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 50 IS 2 BP 380 EP 390 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01323.x PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 896JP UT WOS:000226930700014 ER PT J AU Palmer, MA Bernhardt, ES Chornesky, EA Collins, SL Dobson, AP Duke, CS Gold, BD Jacobson, RB Kingsland, SE Kranz, RH Mappin, MJ Martinez, ML Micheli, F Morse, JL Pace, ML Pascual, M Palumbi, SS Reichman, O Townsend, AR Turner, MG AF Palmer, MA Bernhardt, ES Chornesky, EA Collins, SL Dobson, AP Duke, CS Gold, BD Jacobson, RB Kingsland, SE Kranz, RH Mappin, MJ Martinez, ML Micheli, F Morse, JL Pace, ML Pascual, M Palumbi, SS Reichman, O Townsend, AR Turner, MG TI Ecological science and sustainability for the 21st century SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID ENVIRONMENT; POPULATION AB Ecological science has contributed greatly to our understanding of the natural world and the impact of humans on that world. Now, we need to refocus the discipline towards research that ensures a future in which natural systems and the humans they include coexist on a more sustainable planet. Acknowledging that managed ecosystems and intensive exploitation of resources define our future, ecologists must play a greatly expanded role in communicating their research and influencing policy and decisions that affect the environment. To accomplish this, they will have to forge partnerships at scales and in forms they have not traditionally used. These alliances must act within three visionary areas: enhancing the extent to which decisions are ecologically informed; advancing innovative ecological research directed at the sustainability of the planet; and stimulating cultural changes within the science itself, thereby building a forward-looking and international ecology. We recommend: (1) a research initiative to enhance research project development, facilitate large-scale experiments and data collection, and link science to solutions; (2) procedures that will improve interactions among researchers, managers, and decision makers; and (3) efforts to build public understanding of the links between ecosystem services and humans. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ecol Soc Amer, Off Sci Programs, Washington, DC 20006 USA. David & Lucile Packard Fdn, Los Altos, CA USA. US Geol Survey, CERC, Columbia, MO USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hist Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calgary, Kananaskis Field Stn, Calgary, AB, Canada. AC, Inst Ecol, Dept Ecol Funct, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol Sci, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Palmer, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mpalmer@umd.edu RI Bernhardt, Emily/B-4541-2010; Turner, Monica/B-2099-2010; Morse, Jennifer/D-4410-2012; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011; OI Morse, Jennifer/0000-0001-8872-4940; Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X; Pace, Michael/0000-0001-5945-6131; Duke, Clifford/0000-0002-8041-4267 NR 40 TC 75 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 35 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 3 IS 1 BP 4 EP 11 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0004:ESASFT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 896TA UT WOS:000226955300002 ER PT J AU Meyerson, LA Baron, J Melillo, JM Naiman, RJ O'Malley, RI Orians, G Palmer, MA Pfaff, ASP Running, SW Sala, OE AF Meyerson, LA Baron, J Melillo, JM Naiman, RJ O'Malley, RI Orians, G Palmer, MA Pfaff, ASP Running, SW Sala, OE TI Aggregate measures of ecosystem services: can we take the pulse of nature? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review AB National scale aggregate indicators of ecosystem services are useful for stimulating and supporting a broad public discussion about trends in the provision of these services. There are important considerations involved in producing an aggregate indicator, including whether the scientific and technological capacity exists, how to address varying perceptions of the societal importance of different services, and how to communicate information about these services to both decision makers and the general public. Although the challenges are formidable, they are not insurmountable. Quantification of ecosystem services and dissemination of information to decision makers and the public is critical for the responsible and sustainable management of natural resources. C1 H Johns Heinz III Ctr Sci Econ & Environm, Washington, DC USA. Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Lake Forest Pk, WA USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Econ, Sch Int & Publ Affairs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Catedra Ecol, Dept Ecol, Fac Agro, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP H Johns Heinz III Ctr Sci Econ & Environm, 1001 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC USA. EM meyerson@heinzctr.org RI Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012; Meyerson, Laura/K-9013-2012; Meyerson, Laura/D-4487-2013; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 8 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 3 IS 1 BP 56 EP 59 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0056:AMOESC]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 896TA UT WOS:000226955300008 ER PT J AU Donnelly, JP Driscoll, NW Uchupi, E Keigwin, LD Schwab, WC Thieler, ER Swift, SA AF Donnelly, JP Driscoll, NW Uchupi, E Keigwin, LD Schwab, WC Thieler, ER Swift, SA TI Catastrophic meltwater discharge down the Hudson Valley: A potential trigger for the Intra-Allerod cold period SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE late Quaternary; eastern North America; glacial lakes; oceanic circulation; climate ID YOUNGER DRYAS; NEW-YORK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STRATIGRAPHY; DEGLACIATION; DRAINAGE; RECORD; RADIOCARBON; LEVEL; LAKES AB Glacial freshwater discharge to the Atlantic Ocean during deglaciation may have inhibited oceanic thermohaline circulation, and is often postulated to have driven climatic fluctuations. Yet attributing meltwater-discharge events to particular climate oscillations is problematic, because the location, timing, and amount of meltwater discharge are often poorly constrained. We present evidence from the Hudson Valley and the northeastern U.S. continental margin that establishes the timing of the catastrophic draining of Glacial Lake Iroquois, which breached the moraine dam at the Narrows in New York City, eroded glacial lake sediments in the Hudson Valley, and deposited large sediment lobes on the New York and New Jersey continental shelf ca. 13,350 yr B.P. Excess C-14 in Cariaco Basin sediments indicates a slowing in thermohaline circulation and heat transport to the North Atlantic at that time, and both marine and terrestrial paleoclimate proxy records around the North Atlantic show a short-lived (<400 yr) cold event (Intra-Allerod cold period) that began ca. 13,350 yr B.P. The meltwater discharge out the Hudson Valley may have played an important role in triggering the Intra-Allerod cold period by diminishing thermohaline circulation. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Donnelly, JP (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jdonnelly@whoi.edu; ndriscoll@ucsd.edu OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 NR 30 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1130/G21043.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 894WA UT WOS:000226821100003 ER PT J AU Becker, TW Hardebeck, JL Anderson, G AF Becker, TW Hardebeck, JL Anderson, G TI Constraints on fault slip rates of the southern California plate boundary from GPS velocity and stress inversions SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE crustal deformation; crustal stress; fault slip rates; GPS; San Andreas; seismic hazard ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; STRIKE-SLIP; SHEAR ZONE; FOCAL MECHANISMS; JACINTO FAULT; LOS-ANGELES; EARTHQUAKE-CYCLE; ELSINORE FAULT AB We use Global Positioning System (GPS) velocities and stress orientations inferred from seismicity to invert for the distribution of slip on faults in the southern California plate-boundary region. Of particular interest is how long-term slip rates are partitioned between the Indio segment of the San Andreas fault (SAF), the San Jacinto fault (SJF) and the San Bernardino segment of the SAF. We use two new sets of constraints to address this problem. The first is geodetic velocities from the Southern California Earthquake Center's (SCEC) Crustal Motion Map (version 3 by Shen et al.), which includes significantly more data than previous models. The second is a regional model of stress-field orientations at seismogenic depths, as determined from earthquake focal mechanisms. While GPS data have been used in similar studies before, this is the first application of stress-field observations to this problem. We construct a simplified model of the southern California fault system, and estimate the interseismic surface velocities using a backslip approach with purely elastic strain accumulation, following Meade et al. In addition, we model the stress orientations at seismogenic depths, assuming that crustal stress results from the loading of active faults. The geodetically derived stressing rates are found to be aligned with the stress orientations from seismicity. We therefore proceed to invert simultaneously GPS and stress observations for slip rates of the faults in our network. We find that the regional patterns of crustal deformation as imaged by both data sets can be explained by our model, and that joint inversions lead to better constrained slip rates. In our preferred model, the SJF accommodates similar to15 mm yr(-1) and the Indio segment of the SAF similar to23 mm yr(-1) of right- lateral motion, accompanied by a low slip rate on the San Bernardino segment of the SAF. `Anomalous' fault segments such as around the 1992 M(w) = 7.3 Landers surface rupture can be detected. There, observed stresses deviate strongly from the long-term loading as predicted by our simple model. Evaluation of model misfits together with information from palaeoseismology may provide further insights into the time dependence of strain accumulation along the San Andreas system. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Cecil H & Ida M Green Inst Geophys & Planetary Ph, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. UNAVCO Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Becker, TW (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM twb@usc.edu OI Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 NR 84 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 160 IS 2 BP 634 EP 650 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02528.x PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 899HA UT WOS:000227134300016 ER PT J AU Escutia, C De Santis, L Donda, F Dunbar, RB Cooper, AK Brancolini, G Eittreim, SL AF Escutia, C De Santis, L Donda, F Dunbar, RB Cooper, AK Brancolini, G Eittreim, SL TI Cenozoic ice sheet history from East Antarctic Wilkes Land continental margin sediments SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Assembly of the EGS/AGU/EUG CY APR 06-11, 2003 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EGS, AGU, EUG DE Wilkes Land; Cenozoic; East Antarctic Ice Sheet; glacial evolution ID GEORGE-V; TURBIDITE SYSTEMS; LATE PLEISTOCENE; SHELF; SEA; RECORD; CIRCULATION; PENINSULA; FACIES; OCEAN AB The long-term history of glaciation along the East Antarctic Wilkes Land margin, from the time of the first arrival of the ice sheet to the margin, through the significant periods of Cenozoic climate change is inferred using an integrated geophysical and geological approach. We postulate that the first arrival of the ice sheet to the Wilkes Land margin resulted in the development of a large unconformity (Vv'L-U3) between 33.42 and 30 Ma during the early Oligocene cooling climate trend. Above WL-U3, substantial margin progradation takes place with early glacial strata (e.g., outwash deposits) deposited as low-angle prograding foresets by temperate glaciers. The change in geometry of the prograding wedge across unconformity WL-U8 is interpreted to represent the transition, at the end of the middle Miocene "climatic optimum" (14-10 Ma), from a subpolar regime with dynamic ice sheets (i.e., ice sheets come and go) to a regime with persistent but oscillatory ice sheets. The steep foresets above WL-U8 likely consist of ice proximal sediments (i.e., water-lain till and debris flows) deposited when grounded ice-sheets extended into the shelf On the continental rise, shelf progradation above WL-U3 results in an up-section increase in the energy of the depositional environment (i.e., seismic facies indicative of more proximal turbidite and of bottom contour current deposition from the deposition of the lower WL-S5 sequence to WL-S7). Maximum rates of sediment delivery to the rise occur during the development of sequences WL-S6 and WL-S7, which we infer to be of middle Miocene age. During deposition of the two uppermost sequences, WL-S8 and WL-S9, there is a marked decrease in the sediment supply to the lower continental rise and a shift in the depocenters to more proximal areas of the margin. We believe WL-S8 records sedimentation during the final transition from a dynamic to a persistent but oscillatory ice sheet in this margin (14-10 Ma). Sequence WL-S9 forms under a polar regime during the Pliocene-Pleistocene, when most sediment delivered to the margin is trapped in the outer shelf and slope-forming steep prograding wedges. During the wanner but still polar, Holocene, biogenic sediment accumulates quickly in deep inner-shelf basins during the high-stand intervals. These sediments contain an ultrahigh resolution (annual to millennial) record of climate variability. Validation of our inferences about the nature and timing of Wilkes Land glacial sequences can be achieved by deep sampling (i.e., using IODP-type techniques). The most complete record of the long-term history of glaciation in this margin can be obtained by sampling both (1) the shelf, which contains the direct (presence or no presence of ice) but low-resolution record of glaciation, and (2) the rise, which contains the distal (cold vs. warm) but more complete record of glaciation. The Wilkes Land margin is the only known Antarctic margin where the presumed "onset" of glaciation unconformity (WL-U3) can be traced from shelf to the abyssal plain, allowing links between the proximal and the distal records of glaciation to be established. Additionally, the eastern segment of the Wilkes Land margin may be more sensitive to climate change because the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) is grounded below sea level. Therefore, the Wilkes Land margin is not only an ideal location to obtain the long-term EAIS history but also to obtain the shorter-term record of ice sheet fluctuations at times that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet is thought to have been more stable (after 15 Ma-recent). (c) 200 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Granada, Ist Andaluz Ciencias Tierra, CSIC, Fac Ciencias, Granada 18002, Spain. Inst Nazl Oceanog & Geofis Sperimentale, I-34010 Trieste, Italy. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Escutia, C (reprint author), Univ Granada, Ist Andaluz Ciencias Tierra, CSIC, Fac Ciencias, Granada 18002, Spain. EM ccscutia@ugr.es RI Escutia, Carlota/B-8614-2015; OI Escutia, Carlota/0000-0002-4932-8619; Donda, Federica/0000-0002-1284-5866; De Santis, Laura/0000-0002-7752-7754 NR 84 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD FEB PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1-3 BP 51 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.09.010 PG 31 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 911BU UT WOS:000227977000005 ER PT J AU Robbins, EI Corley, TL AF Robbins, EI Corley, TL TI Microdynamics and seasonal changes in manganese oxide epiprecipitation in Pinal Creek, Arizona SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE acid mine drainage; bioremediation; fungal oxidation; Leptothrix discophora; manganese oxidation; Ulothrix sp ID MN(II) OXIDATION; LEPTOTHRIX-DISCOPHORA; DEPOSITING BACTERIA; MICROBIAL BIOFILMS; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; GROUND-WATER; METAL; PH; PHYTOPLANKTON; ALGAE AB In Pinal Creek, Arizona, Mn oxyhydroxides (MnOx) collect as thick precipitates on surface sediment, within the streambed, beneath algal mats, and on submerged and emergent plants and mosses. The proximate source of Mn is a thick, alluvial alkaline aquifer that was contaminated by past acid mine waste disposal practices associated with copper mines located upstream in the Globe-Miami area. Almost every organism in Pinal Creek is coated with MnOx. Some are actively precipitating manganese, and others are doing it passively. The variety and seasonality of epilithic biological processes resulting in Mn oxidation (epiprecipitation) was studied for more than a year by analyzing artificial substrates placed in surface water having different flows and different vegetation types and densities. Most epiprecipitation took place on the holdfasts of the green alga, Ulothrix sp., and the iron bacterium, Leptothrix discophora. Extensive patches of MnOx also coated extracellular polymeric substances of fungal hyphae and bacterial filaments. The dominant macroscopic precipitation was in the form of MnOx clumps on mosses, green algae, and cyanobacterial mats, consistent with precipitation by pH elevation during photosynthesis. Most oxidation occurred in the spring and summer, in agreement with thermal, biological, and chemical activity models. More biological oxidation occurred in swifter water, consistent with oxygen elevation models. The efficiency of this naturally occurring, diverse ecosystem suggests that remediation efforts to remove metal contaminants such as Mn should focus on creation of habitats that raise biodiversity. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Robbins, EI (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM norrierobbins@cox.net NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2005 VL 534 IS 1-3 BP 165 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s10750-004-1503-0 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 898IO UT WOS:000227070700014 ER PT J AU Liakhovitch, V Quick, JE Greyory, RT AF Liakhovitch, V Quick, JE Greyory, RT TI Hydrogen and oxygen isotope constraints on hydrothermal alteration of the Trinity peridotite, Klamath mountains, California SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; EASTERN KLAMATH; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; SAMAIL OPHIOLITE; ISLAND-ARC; SERPENTINIZATION; COMPLEX; SECTION; ND; SEAWATER AB The Trinity peridotite represents a rare opportunity to examine a relatively fertile plagioclase peridotite that was exhumed and later subjected to intrusive events in a seafloor environment, followed by its emplacement and incorporation into a continent. Over 250 stable isotopic determinations on whole rocks and minerals elucidate the hydrothermal evolution of the Trinity complex. All three serpentine polymorphs are present in the Trinity peridotite; these separate on the basis of their deltaD values: antigorite, -46 < deltaD < -82parts per thousand and lizardite and chrysotile, -90 < deltaD < -106 and -110 < deltaD < -136parts per thousand, respectively. Antigorite coexists with chlorite, talc, and tremolite in contact aureole assemblages associated with Silurian/Devonian gabbroic plutons. Lizardite and chrysotile alteration carries a meteoric signature, which suggests association with post-emplacement serpentinization, or overprinting of earlier low-temperature seafloor serpentinization. Regionally, contours of deltaD values exhibit bull's-eye patterns associated with the gabbroic plutons, with deltaD maxima coinciding with the blackwall alteration at the margins on the plutons. In contrast to the hydrogen isotope behavior, oxygen isotope values of the three polymorphs are indistinguishable, spanning the range 5.3 < delta(18)O < 7.5, and suggesting low integrated fluid fluxes and strongly O-18-shifted fluids. Inferred primary delta(18)O values for peridotite, gabbro, and late Mesozoic granodiorite indicate a progressive O-18 enrichment with time for the source regions of the rocks. These isotopic signatures are consistent with the geology, petrochemistry, and geochronology of the Trinity massif, which indicate the following history: (1) lithospheric emplacement and cooling of the peridotite in an oceanic environment similar to472 Ma; (2) intrusion of gabbroic plutons into cold peridotite in an are environment between 435 and 404 Ma; and finally (3) intrusion of felsic plutons between 171 and 127 Ma, long after the peridolite was incorporated into the continental crust. C1 SMU Geol Sci, Stable Isotope Lab, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Quick, JE (reprint author), SMU Geol Sci, Stable Isotope Lab, POB 750395, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM jquick@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 47 IS 2 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.2747/0020-6814.47.2.203 PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA 895EX UT WOS:000226844800004 ER PT J AU Castellanos, AE Martinez, MJ Llano, JM Halvorson, WL Espiricueta, M Espejel, I AF Castellanos, AE Martinez, MJ Llano, JM Halvorson, WL Espiricueta, M Espejel, I TI Successional trends in Sonoran Desert abandoned agricultural fields in northern Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE desert succession; abandoned fields; water use efficiency; nitrogen use efficiency; photosynthesis; Sonoran Desert; salinized fields ID MICROPHYLLUM FOOTHILL PALOVERDE; EARLY SECONDARY SUCCESSION; LEAF NITROGEN; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; VEGETATION CHANGE; NUTRIENT CONTENT; USE EFFICIENCY; WATER; COMMUNITY; PLANTS AB Excessive ground-water use and saline intrusion to the aquifer led, in less than three decades, to an increase in abandoned agricultural fields at La Costa de Hermosillo, within the Sonoran Desert. Using a chronosequence from years since abandonment, patterns of field succession were developed. Contrary to most desert literature species replacement was round, both in fields with and without saline intrusion. Seasonal photosynthetic capacity as well as water and nitrogen use efficiencies were different in dominant early and late successional plant species. These ecological findings provided a framework for a general explanation of species dominance and replacement within abandoned agricultural fields in the Sonoran Desert. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sonora, DICTUS, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Reserva Biosfera Pinacate, San Luis Rio Colorado, Sonora, Mexico. Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. RP Castellanos, AE (reprint author), Apdo Postal 54, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. EM acastell@guaymas.uson.mx NR 70 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 60 IS 3 BP 437 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.06.004 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889PN UT WOS:000226455000006 ER PT J AU Barth, G Hill, MC AF Barth, G Hill, MC TI Numerical methods for improving sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation of virus transport simulated using sorptive-reactive processes SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE regression analysis; sensitivity analysis; solute transport; viruses; sorption; reaction ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; SOLUTE ARRIVAL-TIME; GROUNDWATER; MODELS; IDENTIFICATION AB Using one- and two-dimensional homogeneous simulations, this paper addresses challenges associated with sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation for virus transport simulated using sorptive-reactive processes. Head, flow, and conservative- and virus-transport observations are considered. The paper examines the use of (1) observed-value weighting, (2) breakthrough-curve temporal moment observations, and (3) the significance of changes in the transport time-step size. The results suggest that (1) sensitivities using observed-value weighting are more susceptible to numerical solution variability, (2) temporal moments of the breakthrough curve are a more robust measure of sensitivity than individual conservative-transport observations, and (3) the transport-simulation time step size is more important than the inactivation rate in solution and about as important as at least two other parameters, reflecting the ease with which results can be influenced by numerical issues. The approach presented allows more accurate evaluation of the information provided by observations for estimation of parameters and generally improves the potential for reasonable parameter-estimation results. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SS Papadopulos & Associates, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Barth, G (reprint author), SS Papadopulos & Associates, 1877 Broadway,Suite 703, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gilbarth@comcast.net NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 251 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.10.001 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 900AZ UT WOS:000227189100005 PM 15683883 ER PT J AU Castro-Santos, T AF Castro-Santos, T TI Optimal swim speeds for traversing velocity barriers: an analysis of volitional high-speed swimming behavior of migratory fishes SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burst swimming; anadromy; sprinting; migration; fishway; fish passage ID ENERGETIC ADVANTAGES; GAIT TRANSITION; CRUISING SPEED; YOUNG SOCKEYE; SALMON; METABOLISM; PERFORMANCE; PASSAGE AB Migrating fish traversing velocity barriers are often forced to swim at speeds greater than their maximum sustained speed (U.,). Failure to select an appropriate swim speed under these conditions can prevent fish from successfully negotiating otherwise passable barriers. I propose a new model of a distance-maximizing strategy for fishes traversing velocity barriers, derived from the relationships between swim speed and fatigue time in both prolonged and sprint modes. The model predicts that fish will maximize traversed distance by swimming at a constant groundspeed against a range of flow velocities, and this groundspeed is equal to the negative inverse of the slope of the swim speed-fatigue time relationship for each mode. At a predictable flow velocity, they should switch from the optimal groundspeed for prolonged mode to that for sprint mode. Data from six migratory fish species (anadromous clupeids: American shad Alosa sapidissima, alewife A. pseudoharengus and blueback herring A. aestivalis; amphidromous: striped bass Morone saxatilis; and potomodromous species: walleye (previously known as Stizostedion vitrium) and white sucker Catostomus commersonii) were used to explore the ability of fish to approximate the predicted distance-maximizing behaviors, as well as the consequences of deviating from the optima. Fish volitionally sprinted up an open-channel flume against fixed flow velocities of 1.5-4.5 m s(-1), providing data on swim speeds and fatigue times, as well as their groundspeeds. Only anadromous clupeids selected the appropriate distance-maximizing groundspeed at both prolonged and sprint modes. The other three species maintained groundspeeds appropriate to the prolonged mode, even when they should have switched to the sprint optima. Because of this, these species failed to maximize distance of ascent. The observed behavioral variability has important implications both for distributional limits and fishway design. C1 USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Castro-Santos, T (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM tcastro-santos@usgs.gov OI Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 NR 34 TC 80 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 49 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 208 IS 3 BP 421 EP 432 DI 10.1242/jeb.01.01380 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 901BA UT WOS:000227256800010 PM 15671330 ER PT J AU Marshall, WS Cozzi, RRF Pelis, RM McCormick, SD AF Marshall, WS Cozzi, RRF Pelis, RM McCormick, SD TI Cortisol receptor blockade and seawater adaptation in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON SMOLTS; MINERALOCORTICOID-LIKE RECEPTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; GENE-EXPRESSION; CHLORIDE CELLS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ESTUARINE TELEOST; ANION CHANNEL; TIME-COURSE; K+-ATPASE AB To examine the role of cortisol in seawater osmoregulation in a euryhaline teleost, adult killifish were acclimated to brackish water (10parts per thousand) and RU486 or vehicle was administered orally in peanut oil daily for five days at low (40 mg.kg(-1)) or high dose (200 mg.kg(-1)). Fish were transferred to 1.5 x seawater (45parts per thousand) or to brackish water (control) and sampled at 24 h and 48 h after transfer, when Cl- secretion is upregulated. At 24 h, opercular membrane Cl secretion rate, as I-sc was increased only in the high dose RU486 group. Stimulation of membranes by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and cAMP increased I-sc in vehicle treated controls but those from RU486-treated animals were unchanged and membranes from brackish water animals showed a decrease in I-sc. At 48h, I-sc increased and transepithelial resistance decreased in vehicle and RU486 groups, compared to brackish water controls. Plasma cortisol increased in all groups transferred to high salinity, compared to brackish water controls. RU486 treated animals had higher cortisol levels compared to vehicle controls. Vehicle treated controls had lower cortisol levels than untreated or RU486 treated animals, higher stimulation of I-sc, and lower hematocrit at 24h, beneficial effects attributed to increased caloric intake from the peanut oil vehicle. Chloride cell density was significantly increased in the high dose RU486 group at 48 hours, yet I-sc was unchanged, suggesting a decrease in Cl- secretion per cell. Thus cortisol enhances NaCl secretion capacity in chloride cells, likely via glucocorticoid type receptors. (C) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Biol, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Marshall, WS (reprint author), St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Biol, POB 5000, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. EM bmarshal@stfx.ca NR 40 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1548-8969 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 303A IS 2 BP 132 EP 142 DI 10.1002/jez.a.129 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 894XV UT WOS:000226825800004 PM 15662660 ER PT J AU Nerette, P Dohoo, I Hammell, L Gagne, N Barbash, P MacLean, S Yason, C AF Nerette, P Dohoo, I Hammell, L Gagne, N Barbash, P MacLean, S Yason, C TI Estimation of the repeatability and reproducibility of three diagnostic tests for infectious salmon anaemia virus SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE diagnostic tests; indirect fluorescent antibody testing; infectious salmon anaemia virus; repeatability; reproducibility; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ID ATLANTIC SALMON; SALAR; ISA; KIDNEY AB Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR), virus isolation (VI) and indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFAT) are three assays currently used by the salmon industry to identify fish infected with infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV). However, no data are available on the repeatability (within- laboratory consistency) and reproducibility (between- laboratory consistency) of these assays and very limited information is available on the effect of freezing samples on test results. In order to evaluate these assays, five laboratories participated in a blinded study of 400 kidney samples representing four populations of farmed Atlantic salmon with different prevalence of ISAV. Each laboratory used its own testing protocols. Repeatability and reproducibility were evaluated using kappa as the measure of agreement. The effect of freezing was evaluated using the McNemar test. Freezing did not affect VI but improved the sensitivity of RT- PCR. The repeatability and reproducibility of VI was almost perfect. There was a substantial difference in repeatability of RT- PCR among the three laboratories with kappa ranging from 0.5 to 0.96. The repeatability for RT- PCR was generally low. The repeatability of IFAT was moderate when the results were analysed using 1+ and above as a positive result. The results of the study show the need to standardize the protocol and interpretation of RT- PCR. C1 Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Hlth Management, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Aquaculture Div, Moncton, NB, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NW Fishery Ctr, Fish Hlth Ctr, Lamar, PA USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. RP Nerette, P (reprint author), Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Hlth Management, 550 Univ Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. EM pnerette@upei.ca NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00613.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 896WI UT WOS:000226964500005 PM 15705155 ER PT J AU Bednar, AJ Garbarino, JR Ranville, JF Wildeman, TR AF Bednar, AJ Garbarino, JR Ranville, JF Wildeman, TR TI Effects of iron on arsenic speciation and redox chemistry in acid mine water SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE arsenic; speciation; iron; acid mine drainage; remediation ID UNITED-STATES; GROUND-WATER; SORPTION; STABILITY; REMOVAL; SAMPLES; OXIDATION; ANTIMONY; DRAINAGE; OXIDES AB Concern about arsenic is increasing throughout the world, including areas of the United States. Elevated levels of arsenic above current drinking-water regulations in ground and surface water can be the result of purely natural phenomena, but often are due to anthropogenic activities, such as mining and agriculture. The current study correlates arsenic speciation in acid mine drainage and mining-influenced water with the important water-chemistry properties Eh, pH, and iron(III) concentration. The results show that arsenic speciation is generally in equilibrium with iron chemistry in low pH AMD, which is often not the case in other natural-water matrices. High pH mine waters and groundwater do not always hold to the redox predictions as well as low pH AMD samples. The oxidation and precipitation of oxyhydroxides deplete iron from some systems, and also affect arsenite and arsenate concentrations through sorption processes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wildeman, TR (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM twildema@mines.edu RI Ranville, James/H-1428-2011; OI ranville, james/0000-0002-4347-4885 NR 38 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 85 IS 2 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2004.10.001 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 895FD UT WOS:000226845400002 ER PT J AU Vallverdu, J Allue, E Bischoff, JL Caceres, I Carbonell, E Cebria, A Garcia-Anton, D Huguet, R Ibanez, N Martinez, K Pasto, I Rosell, J Saladie, P Vaquero, M AF Vallverdu, J Allue, E Bischoff, JL Caceres, I Carbonell, E Cebria, A Garcia-Anton, D Huguet, R Ibanez, N Martinez, K Pasto, I Rosell, J Saladie, P Vaquero, M TI Short human occupations in the Middle Palaeolithic level i of the Abric Romani rock-shelter (Capellades, Barcelona, Spain) SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Middle Palaeolithic; Neanderthals; rock-shelter occupation patterns; Abric Romani ID URANIUM-SERIES; U-SERIES; RADIOCARBON AB This paper presents a multidisciplinary study on the size of the occupied surfaces, provisioning strategies and behaviour planning at the Romani rock-shelter, using the Middle Palaeolithic record of the level i. This level is dated around 46.000 BP through U/Th ages. A behavioural interpretation is proposed, which emphasises the activities and the systemic value of the archaeological artefacts and structures. Occupation patterns are identified on the basis of the accumulations formed by human activities. These archaeological accumulations, consisting of artefacts and hearths, are easily defined visually as spatial units. The relationships between these accumulations, established by means of refitted remains, indicate that differences can be established between: 1) small and medium-sized occupation surfaces; 2) restricted and diversified provisioning strategies. This variability suggests that different modes of occupation are represented in the same archaeological level. The human activities reveal the generalization of fire technology. In almost all sizes of the occupation surfaces, the exploitation of vegetal resources near the Abric Romani marks the threshold of the restricted provisioning strategy. Limited use and fragmented knapping activities are recorded in the lithic assemblage. Faunal remains show differential transport. The exploitation of lithic, faunal and vegetal resources characterizes the diversified provisioning strategy. The small occupation surfaces and restricted provisioning strategies suggest short settlements in the Abric Romani. This shorter occupation model complements the longer diversified provisioning strategy recorded in both small and medium-sized occupied surfaces. The selection of precise elements for transport and the possible deferred consumption in the diversified provision strategy suggest an individual supply. In this respect, Neanderthal occupations in the Romani rock-shelter show a direct relation to: 1) hunting strategic resources; 2) high, linear mobility. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rovira & Virgili, Dept Hist & Geog, Area Prehist, Tarragona 43005, Spain. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Vallverdu, J (reprint author), Univ Rovira & Virgili, Dept Hist & Geog, Area Prehist, Pl Imperial Tarraco 1, Tarragona 43005, Spain. EM josep@prehistoria.urv.es; mavr@iea.urv.es RI Carbonell, Eudald/G-3003-2015; Vallverdu i Poch, Josep/B-7121-2014; Caceres, Isabel/G-2636-2015; OI Caceres, Isabel/0000-0001-8487-2591; Pasto, Ignasi/0000-0003-1780-4577; Rosell, Jordi/0000-0002-6758-6291; Garcia-Anton/0000-0002-3245-1776 NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 157 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.10.004 PG 18 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 911OW UT WOS:000228014900004 PM 15701529 ER PT J AU Hunt, RJ Coplen, TB Haas, NL Saad, DA Borchardt, MA AF Hunt, RJ Coplen, TB Haas, NL Saad, DA Borchardt, MA TI Investigating surface water-well interaction using stable isotope ratios of water SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bank filtration; hydrogen isotope ratio; oxygen isotope ratio; drinking water; age dating; temperature; travel time; black river ID GROUNDWATER AGE; RIVER; O-18; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; VULNERABILITY; TRANSPORT; DEUTERIUM; HYDROGEN; TRACERS; SYSTEM AB Because surface water can be a source of undesirable water quality in a drinking water well, an understanding of the amount of surface water and its travel time to the well is needed to assess a well's vulnerability. Stable isotope ratios of oxygen in river water at the City of La Crosse, Wisconsin, show peak-to-peak seasonal variation greater than 4parts per thousand in 2001 and 2002. This seasonal signal was identified in 7 of 13 city municipal wells, indicating that these 7 wells have appreciable surface water contributions and are potentially vulnerable to contaminants in the surface water. When looking at wells with more than 6 sampling events, a larger variation in delta(18)O compositions correlated with a larger fraction of surface water, suggesting that samples collected for oxygen isotopic composition over time may be useful for identifying the vulnerability to surface water influence even if a local meteoric water line is not available. A time series of 6180 from one of the municipal wells and from a piezometer located between the river and the municipal well showed that the travel time of flood water to the municipal well was approximately 2 months; non-flood arrival times were on the order of 9 months. Four independent methods were also used to assess time of travel. Three methods (groundwater temperature arrival times at the intermediate piezometer, virus-culture results, and particle tracking using a numerical groundwater-flow model) yielded flood and non-flood travel times of less than 1 year for this site. Age dating of one groundwater sample using H-3-He-3 methods estimated an age longer than I year, but was likely confounded by deviations from piston flow as noted by others. Chlorofluorocarbons and SF6 analyses were not useful at this site due to degradation and contamination, respectively. This work illustrates the utility of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of water to determine the contribution and travel time of surface water in groundwater, and demonstrates the importance of using multiple methods to improve estimates for time of travel of 1 year or less. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Microbiol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Lane, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM rjhunt@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 302 IS 1-4 BP 154 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.07.010 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 888TG UT WOS:000226396500010 ER PT J AU Hidalgo, HG Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD AF Hidalgo, HG Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD TI Sources of variability of evapotranspiration in California SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; PAN EVAPORATION; UNITED-STATES; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; REANALYSIS; ATMOSPHERE; RADIATION; VARIABLES; EQUATION; TRENDS AB The variability (1990-2002) of potential evapotranspiration estimates (ETo) and related meteorological variables from a set of stations from the California Irrigation Management System (CIMIS) is studied. Data from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and from the Department of Energy from 1950 to 2001 were used to validate the results. The objective is to determine the characteristics of climatological ETo and to identify factors controlling its variability (including associated atmospheric circulations). Daily ETo anomalies are strongly correlated with net radiation (R-n) anomalies, relative humidity (RH), and cloud cover, and less with average daily temperature (T-avg). The highest intraseasonal variability of ETo daily anomalies occurs during the spring, mainly caused by anomalies below the high ETo seasonal values during cloudy days. A characteristic circulation pattern is associated with anomalies of ETo and its driving meteorological inputs, R-n, RH, and T-avg, at daily to seasonal time scales. This circulation pattern is dominated by 700-hPa geopotential height (Z(700)) anomalies over a region off the west coast of North America, approximately between 32degrees and 44degrees latitude, referred to as the California Pressure Anomaly (CPA). High cloudiness and lower than normal ETo are associated with the low-height (pressure) phase of the CPA pattern. Higher than normal ETo anomalies are associated with clear skies maintained through anomalously high Z(700) anomalies offshore of the North American coast. Spring CPA, cloudiness, maximum temperature (T-max), pan evaporation (E-pan), and ETo conditions have not trended significantly or consistently during the second half of the twentieth century in California. Because it is not known how cloud cover and humidity will respond to climate change, the response of ETo in California to increased greenhouse-gas concentrations is essentially unknown; however to retain the levels of ETo in the current climate, a decline of R-n by about 6% would be required to compensate for a warming of +3degreesC. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Hidalgo, HG (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, 9500 Gilman Dr,MC 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM hhidalgo@ucsd.edu OI Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742 NR 46 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1175/JHM-398.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903OT UT WOS:000227436100001 ER PT J AU Chang, ATC Kelly, REJ Josberger, EG Armstrong, RL Foster, JL Mognard, NM AF Chang, ATC Kelly, REJ Josberger, EG Armstrong, RL Foster, JL Mognard, NM TI Analysis of ground-measured and passive-microwave-derived snow depth variations in midwinter across the northern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER EQUIVALENT; ALGORITHM; PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL; IMAGERY; ERRORS; METAMORPHISM; PREDICTION; PARAMETERS; EXTENT AB Accurate estimation of snow mass is important for the characterization of the hydrological cycle at different space and time scales. For effective water resources management, accurate estimation of snow storage is needed. Conventionally; snow depth is measured at a point, and in order to monitor snow depth in a temporally and spatially comprehensive manner, optimum interpolation of the points is undertaken. Yet the spatial representation of point measurements at a basin or on a larger distance scale is uncertain. Spaceborne scanning sensors, which cover a wide swath and can provide rapid repeat global coverage are ideally suited to augment the global snow information. Satellite-borne passive microwave sensors have been used to derive snow depth (SD) with some success. The uncertainties in point SD and areal SD of natural snowpacks need to be understood if comparisons are to be made between a point SD measurement and satellite SD. In this paper three issues are addressed relating satellite derivation of SD and ground measurements of SD in the northern Great Plains of the United States from 1988 to 1997. First, it is shown that in comparing samples of ground-measured point SD data with satellite-derived 25 X 25 km(2) pixels of SD from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor Microwave Imager, there are significant differences in yearly SD values even though the accumulated datasets showed similarities. Second, from variogram analysis, the spatial variability of SD from each dataset was comparable. Third, for a sampling grid cell domain of 1degrees x 1degrees in the study terrain, 10 distributed snow depth measurements per cell are required to produce a sampling error of 5 cm or better. This study has important implications for validating SD derivations from satellite microwave observations. C1 NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiales Biosphere, Toulouse, France. RP Kelly, REJ (reprint author), NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 974,Bldg 33, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM rkelly@glacier.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 38 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 20 EP 33 DI 10.1175/JHM-405.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903OT UT WOS:000227436100002 ER PT J AU Lehmer, EM Biggins, DE AF Lehmer, EM Biggins, DE TI Variation in torpor patterns of free-ranging black-tailed and Utah prairie dogs across gradients of elevation SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE black-tailed prairie dogs; Cynomys; hibernation; torpor; Utah prairie dogs ID BODY-TEMPERATURE PATTERNS; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; CIRCADIAN RHYTHMICITY; CIRCANNUAL RHYTHMS; HIBERNATION; MARMOTS; MAMMALS; BIRDS; FIELD AB We compared over-winter body temperature (T-b) patterns for more than 6 months in adult (> 1 year) black-tailed (Cynomys ludovicianus) and Utah (C. parvidens) prairie dogs from colonies located along gradients of elevation in northern Colorado and southern Utah. In general, black-tailed prairie dogs entered torpor facultatively during winter, whereas Utah prairie dogs hibernated continuously for extended periods. Both black-tailed and Utah prairie dogs displayed significant differences in T-b patterns across elevations, with lower elevation populations entering more shallow and infrequent torpor than prairie dogs at higher elevations. T-b patterns of black-tailed prairie dogs followed 24-h cycles, as most prairie dogs entered into and aroused from torpor between 1100 and 1700 h and bout lengths were clustered around 24-h intervals and multiples thereof. Torpor in Utah prairie dogs did not display the same daily patterns; they entered into and aroused from torpor at all times of the day, and bout lengths were variable. Although black-tailed and Utah prairie dogs are closely related, mechanisms that stimulate and control torpor might differ between them. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM dean_biggins@usgs.gov RI Wassmer, Tom/D-7727-2011 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)086<0015:VITPOF>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 898ST UT WOS:000227097200003 ER PT J AU Webb, RE Leslie, DM Lochmiller, RL Masters, RE AF Webb, RE Leslie, DM Lochmiller, RL Masters, RE TI Impact of food supplementation and methionine on high densities of cotton rats: Support of the amino-acid-quality hypothesis? SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE amino-acid nutrition; food supplementation; hispid cotton rats; methionine; Oklahoma; population response; Signiodon hispidus ID WILD HOUSE MICE; SIGMODON-HISPIDUS; MICROTUS-TOWNSENDII; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; FIELD EXPERIMENT; NUTRITIONAL-REQUIREMENTS; TAMIASCIURUS-DOUGLASII; CENTRAL ILLINOIS; PRAIRIE VOLE AB Considerable research supports the tenet that quantity and quality of food limit vertebrate populations. We evaluated predictions that increased availabilities of food and the essential amino acid methionine were related to population limitation of the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus). Effects of supplemental food and methionine on density, survival, and reproductive parameters of wild cotton rats were assessed in north-central Oklahoma in 1998-1999. Twelve enclosed groups of 16 adult cotton rats each (8 male, 8 female) were randomly assigned to either no supplementation (control), supplementation with a mixed ration that had methionine at slightly below maintenance levels (0.20%), or a methionine-enhanced mixed ration (1.20%). In general, densities of cotton rats were twice as high and were sustained longer with dietary supplementation, and methionine-supplemented populations maintained the highest densities. Treatment effects on survival depended on time of year, with higher survival in supplemented enclosures in October and November. Per capita recruitment was highest with methionine-enhanced food. Treatment effects on proportions of overall and female cotton rats in reproductive condition depended on sampling date, but males were most reproductively active with methionine supplementation. Methionine supplementation resulted in an earlier and longer reproductive season. Density-dependent and density-independent factors no doubt interplay to determine population dynamics of cotton rats, but our results suggest that methionine plays a role in the population dynamics of wild cotton rats, apparently by enhancing overall density, recruitment, and reproductive activity of males. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Webb, RE (reprint author), ATZR TRL, Land Condit Trend Anal Coordinat, Bldg 2583,Curie Rd, Ft Sill, OK 73503 USA. EM raymond.webb@sill.army.mil NR 75 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)086<0046:IOFSAM>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 898ST UT WOS:000227097200007 ER PT J AU Rancourt, SJ Rule, MI O'Connell, MA AF Rancourt, SJ Rule, MI O'Connell, MA TI Maternity roost site selection of long-eared myotis, Myotis evotis SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Channeled Scablands; habitat selection; long-eared myotis; maternity roosts; rock crevices; roost switching ID SOUTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BATS; ECOLOGY; STUMPS; OREGON AB Bat conservation is hindered by a lack of geographic-specific knowledge of characteristics of roost sites used by reproductive females. We examined roost selection by reproductive female Myotis evotis (long-eared myotis) in the Channeled Scablands of northeastern Washington. We used radiotelemetry to locate 35 roosts of reproductive female Myotis evotis. Habitat variables were measured for each roost itself and at a 0.1-ha microplot and 78-ha macroplot surrounding each roost. We measured habitat variables at random 0.1-ha microplots in the vicinity of each roost and at general random 0.1-ha microplots and 78-ha macroplots. Thirty-four roosts were found in crevices in small basalt rock formations. All radiomarked bats switched roosts at least once and roost switching apparently involved the entire colony. The average number of switches was 3.3 with an average of 2 days between roost switches. The distance traveled between day roosts averaged 148.9 m. Compared to random plots, roosts were in more open, rocky habitats, closer to edge of forest stands, and relatively distant from sources of permanent water. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Turnbull NWR, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Turnball Lab Ecol Studies, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. RP O'Connell, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Turnbull NWR, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. EM margaret.oconnell@mail.ewu.edu NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)086<0077:MRSSOL>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 898ST UT WOS:000227097200011 ER PT J AU Bellinger, MR Haig, SM Forsman, ED Mullins, TD AF Bellinger, MR Haig, SM Forsman, ED Mullins, TD TI Taxonomic relationships among Phenacomys voles as inferred by cytochrome b SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Arborimus; cytochrome b; mitochondrial DNA; molecular systematics; Phenacomys; voles; taxonomy ID SPECIES GROUP RODENTIA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; NORTH-AMERICA; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SEQUENCES; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; MURIDAE; PHYLOGENY; GENE AB Taxonomic relationships among red tree voles (Phenacomys longicaudus longicaudus, P. l. silvicola), the Sonoma tree vole (P. pomo), the white-footed vole (P. albipes), and the heather vole (P. intermedius) were examined using 664 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Results indicate specific differences among red tree voles, Sonoma tree voles, white-footed voles, and heather voles, but no clear difference between the 2 Oregon subspecies of red tree voles (P. l. longicaudus and P. l. silvicola). Our data further indicated a close relationship between tree voles and albipes, validating inclusion of albipes in the subgenus Arborimus. These 3 congeners shared a closer relationship to P. intermedius than to other arvicolids. A moderate association between pomo and albipes was indicated by maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining phylogenetic analyses. Molecular clock estimates suggest a Pleistocene radiation of the Arborimus clade, which is concordant with pulses of diversification observed in other murid rodents. The generic rank of Arborimus is subject to interpretation of data. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM susan_haig@usgs.gov OI Bellinger, M. Renee/0000-0001-5274-9572 NR 75 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 IS 1 BP 201 EP 210 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 898ST UT WOS:000227097200025 ER PT J AU Garrison, PJ Fitzgerald, SA AF Garrison, PJ Fitzgerald, SA TI The role of shoreland development and commercial cranberry farming in a lake in Wisconsin, USA SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biogenic silica; cranberry farming; diatoms; eutrophication; geochemistry; shoreland development; Wisconsin ID PHOSPHORUS TRANSFER-FUNCTIONS; WATER-QUALITY CHANGES; UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; BIOGENIC SILICA; DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; GREAT-LAKES; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; SEDIMENTS; EUTROPHICATION AB Musky Bay in Lac Courte Oreilles, Wisconsin, USA, is currently eutrophic. This large, shallow bay of an oligotrophic lake possesses the densest aquatic plant growth and a floating algal mat. Paleoecological reconstructions encompassing the last 130 years, were based on multiproxy analyses of sediment cores from three coring sites, two within the bay and one in the lake itself. These data were compared to historical records of the construction and expansion of two commercial cranberry bogs and shoreline residential homes to identify temporal and causal relations of eutrophication. The proxies investigated included: minor and trace elements; biogenic silica; and the diatom community. Post-depositional diagenesis of organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the upper 30 cm of the core obscured records of historical ambient nutrient concentrations in the bay obviating their usefulness for this purpose. In contrast, calcium, magnesium, and potassium concentration profiles appeared to reflect runoff soil amendments applied to the cranberry bogs and aerial fertilizer spraying over the eastern bog adjacent to Musky Bay. The increase in aluminum content since about 1930 coincided with the historical trend in shoreland development and construction of the original commercial cranberry farm. The biogenic silica pro. le recorded a steady increase of nutrients to Musky Bay over the last several decades. Stratigraphic changes in the diatom community indicated that nutrient input began to increase in the 1940s and accelerated in the mid-1990s with the onset of a noxious floating algal mat. The diatom community indicates the bay has possessed a significant macrophyte community for at least the last 200 years, but increased nutrient input was manifested by a change in the composition, and an increase in the density of the epiphytic diatom community. Cranberry farming appeared to be the major source of nutrients because the diatom community changes occurred prior to the significant increase in residential housing. C1 Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Monona, WI 53716 USA. US Geol Survey, Geol Survery Canada, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada. RP Garrison, PJ (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 1350 Femrite Dr, Monona, WI 53716 USA. EM paul.garrison@dnr.state.wi.us NR 79 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 169 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s10933-004-3990-4 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 896MZ UT WOS:000226939500003 ER PT J AU Beauchamp, KA Kelley, GO Nehring, RB Hedrick, RP AF Beauchamp, KA Kelley, GO Nehring, RB Hedrick, RP TI The severity of whirling disease among wild trout corresponds to the differences in genetic composition of Tubifex tubifex populations in central Colorado SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; WATER TEMPERATURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RIVER; HOST; ACTINOSPORE; TUBIFICIDAE; SALMONIDS AB We analyzed the geographic distribution of Tubifex tubifex from various river drainages in central Colorado by genetic screening with specific mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA (nit 16S rDNA) markers. Four distinct lilt 16S rDNA lineages are evident. The sites varied with respect to land- and water-use practices. All sites represented habitats presumed capable of supporting oligochaetes. At the locations where whirling disease has had the greatest impact on resident rainbow trout, T. tub l x, representing lineages I and III (genotypes known to be susceptible to Mxyobolus cerebralis), were most commonly found. In contrast, at sites less affected by whirling disease, T. tubifex of lineages V and VI that are more resistant to M. cerebralis infections were more abundant. The predominance of resistant T. tubifex worms (lineages V and VI) at low-impact sites supports the conclusion that when these genotypes are in greater abundance, the potential for more severe effects of whirling disease on wild rainbow trout Populations may be diminished. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Beauchamp, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM kbeauchamp@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 91 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1645/GE-327R PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 907QN UT WOS:000227733100010 PM 15856872 ER PT J AU Sprague, LA AF Sprague, LA TI Drought effects on water quality in the South Platte River Basin, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE drought; water quality; agricultural hydrology; urban water management; nonpoint source pollution; wastewater ID STREAM AB Twenty-three stream sites representing a range of forested, agricultural, and urban land uses were sampled in the South Platte River Basin of Colorado from July through September 2002 to characterize water quality during drought conditions. With a few exceptions, dissolved ammonia, Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved orthophosphate concentrations were similar to seasonal historical levels in all land use areas during the drought. At some agricultural sites, decreased dilution of irrigation return flow may have contributed to higher concentrations of some nutrient species, increased primary productivity, and higher dissolved oxygen concentrations. At some urban sites, decreased dilution of base flow and wastewater treatment plant effluent may have contributed to higher dissolved nitrite-plus-nitrate concentrations, increased primary productivity, and higher dissolved oxygen concentrations. Total pesticide concentrations in urban and agricultural areas were not consistently higher or lower during the drought. At most forested sites, decreased dilution of ground water-derived calcium bicarbonate type base flow likely led to elevated pH and specific-conductance values. Water temperatures at many of the forested sites also were higher, contributing to lower dissolved oxygen concentrations during the drought. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Sprague, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM lsprague@usgs.gov OI Sprague, Lori/0000-0003-2832-6662 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03713.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 916ZL UT WOS:000228425400002 ER PT J AU Eng, K Tasker, GD Milly, PCD AF Eng, K Tasker, GD Milly, PCD TI An analysis of region-of-influence methods for flood regionalization in the gulf-atlantic rolling plains SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE floods; regional regression; region of influence; statistical analysis; surface water hydrology; streamflow characteristics ID REGRESSION AB Region-of-influence (RoI) approaches for estimating streamflow characteristics at ungaged sites were applied and evaluated in a case study of the 50-year peak discharge in the Gulf-Atlantic Rolling Plains of the southeastern United States. Linear regression against basin characteristics was performed for each ungaged site considered based on data from a region of influence containing the n closest gages in predictor variable (PRoI) or geographic (GRoI) space. Augmentation of this count based cutoff by a distance based cutoff also was considered. Prediction errors were evaluated for an independent (split-sampled) dataset. For the dataset and metrics considered here: (1) for either PRoI or GRoI, optimal results were found when the simpler count based cutoff, rather than the distance augmented cutoff, was used; (2) GRoI produced lower error than PRoI when applied indiscriminately over the entire study region; (3) PRoI performance improved considerably when RoI was restricted to predefined geographic subregions. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Eng, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 122-1 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 430, Reston, VA USA. EM Keng@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03723.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 916ZL UT WOS:000228425400012 ER PT J AU Carroll, GD Jackson, CR AF Carroll, GD Jackson, CR TI "Urbanization influences on aquatic communities in northeastern Illinois streams," by Faith A. Fitzpatrick, Mitchell A. Harris, Terri L. Arnold, and Kevin D. Richards - Reply to discussion SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. US Geol Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Carroll, GD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 221 EP 222 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 916ZL UT WOS:000228425400020 ER PT J AU Bartelt, PE Peterson, CR AF Bartelt, PE Peterson, CR TI Physically modeling operative temperatures and evaporation rates in amphibians SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Western toads; amphibians; thermal ecology; water loss; physical models; operative temperature; evaporation; model; Bufo boreas ID GREEN TREE FROGS; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; BODY TEMPERATURES; THERMAL BIOLOGY; GARTER SNAKES; HYLA-CINEREA; BUFO-BOREAS; WATER-LOSS; DECLINES; ENVIRONMENT AB (1) We designed a physical model that simulates the thermal and evaporative properties of live Western toads (Bufo boreas). (2) In controlled tests, the model tracked the body temperature of live toads with an average error of 0.3 +/- 0.03degreesC (test range = 4-30degreesC). (3) It estimated the evaporative water loss of live toads with an average error of 0.35-0.65 g/h, or about 14% (test range = 0.7-9 g/h). (4) Data collected with this physical model should provide an effective way for biologists to better understand habitat selection in toads and other amphibians. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho State Univ, Herpetol Lab, Dept Sci Biol, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Bartelt, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM bartelt@waldorf.edu NR 43 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2004.07.007 PG 10 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 904MW UT WOS:000227503400002 ER PT J AU Rosenberry, DO AF Rosenberry, DO TI Integrating seepage heterogeneity with the use of ganged seepage meters SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SYSTEM GEOMETRY; NORTH-CAROLINA; SURFACE-WATER; LAKE; FLUX; FLOW; FLORIDA; RATES AB The usefulness of standard half-barrel seepage meters for measurement of fluxes between groundwater, and surface water is limited by the small bed area that each measurement represents and the relatively large associated labor costs. Standard half-barrel cylinders were ganged together to allow one measurement of the summed seepage through all of the meters, reducing labor cost and increasing the representative area of measurement. Comparisons of ganged versus individual-meter measurements at two lakes, under both inseepage and outseepage conditions, indicate little loss of efficiency resulting from routing seepage water through the ganging system. Differences between summed and ganged seepage rates were not significant for all but the fastest rates of seepage. At flow rates greater than about 250 mL min(-1), ganged values were as low as 80% of summed values. Ganged-meter head losses also were calculated to determine their significance relative to hydraulic-head gradients measured at the field sites. The calculated reduction in hydraulic gradient beneath the seepage meters was significant only for the largest measured seepage rates. A calibration tank was used to determine single-meter and ganged-meter efficiencies compared to known seepage rates. Single-cylinder seepage meters required an average correction factor of 1.05 to convert measured to actual values, whereas the ganged measurements made in the tank required a larger correction factor of 1.14. Although manual measurements were used in these tests, the concept of ganging seepage cylinders also would be useful when used in conjunction with automated flowmeters. C1 US Geol Survey, DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Rosenberry, DO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC, MS 413,Bldg 53, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rosenber@usgs.gov RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 59 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 3 BP 131 EP 142 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 904BV UT WOS:000227471300008 ER PT J AU Funk, WC Blouin, MS Corn, PS Maxell, BA Pilliod, DS Amish, S Allendorf, FW AF Funk, WC Blouin, MS Corn, PS Maxell, BA Pilliod, DS Amish, S Allendorf, FW TI Population structure of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) is strongly affected by the landscape SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Columbia spotted frog; dispersal; effective population size; gene flow; landscape genetics; microsatellite; Rana luteiventris ID LONG-TOED SALAMANDER; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; AMBYSTOMA-MACRODACTYLUM; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; DISPERSAL; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; METAPOPULATION; DIFFERENTIATION; SYLVATICA AB Landscape features such as mountains, rivers, and ecological gradients may strongly affect patterns of dispersal and gene flow among populations and thereby shape population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories. The landscape may have a particularly strong effect on patterns of dispersal and gene flow in amphibians because amphibians are thought to have poor dispersal abilities. We examined genetic variation at six microsatellite loci in Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) from 28 breeding ponds in western Montana and Idaho, USA, in order to investigate the effects of landscape structure on patterns of gene flow. We were particularly interested in addressing three questions: (i) do ridges act as barriers to gene flow? 00 is gene flow restricted between low and high elevation ponds? (iii) does a pond equal a 'randomly mating population' (a deme)? We found that mountain ridges and elevational differences were associated with increased genetic differentiation among sites, suggesting that gene flow is restricted by ridges and elevation in this species. We also found that populations of Columbia spotted frogs generally include more than a single pond except for very isolated ponds. There was also evidence for surprisingly high levels of gene flow among low elevation sites separated by large distances. Moreover, genetic variation within populations was strongly negatively correlated with elevation, suggesting effective population sizes are much smaller at high elevation than at low elevation. Our results show that landscape features have a profound effect on patterns of genetic variation in Columbia spotted frogs. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Funk, WC (reprint author), Univ Texas, 1 Univ Stn C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM wcfunk@mail.utexas.edu NR 65 TC 198 Z9 207 U1 10 U2 82 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 483 EP 496 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02426.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 896IT UT WOS:000226928500010 PM 15660939 ER PT J AU Olive, JA Miranda, LE Hubbard, WD AF Olive, JA Miranda, LE Hubbard, WD TI Centrarchid assemblages in Mississippi state-operated fishing lakes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BASS; MANAGEMENT; SUCCESS AB We evaluated electrofishing catch per effort in 27 state-operated fishing lakes in Mississippi to identify patterns of centrarchid community composition and to determine whether those patterns were related to selected environmental characteristics and to artificial nutrient enrichment. Ordination with detrended correspondence analysis recognized two major axes accounting for 77% of the variability in species ordination. Axis I showed a distinct separation between the body sizes of various species. A notable exception was the density of small (< 30 cm) large-mouth bass Micropterus salmoides, which aligned with the large individuals of other centrarchid species. This pattern suggested that through predation, high densities of small largemouth bass exerted significant control over the size structure of fish communities. Axis 2 separated species of crappies Pomoxis spp., suggesting that conditions other than strong species interactions also moderated the composition of crappies in the assemblages. However, neither lake morphometry nor watershed composition exhibited a major influence over axes 1 or 2. In small, intensively managed lakes with low habitat complexity, the regulatory importance of biotic interactions may overwhelm that of abiotic factors. Nutrient enrichment influenced community structure by changing the densities of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and largemouth bass substantially but had a minor or no effect on other species. The management techniques used in these state-operated lakes are usually targeted toward a particular species without adequately considering the other species within the community. Our results show that attention to community-level interactions could provide valuable insight into factors that affect the quality of the fishery, insight that is not available through traditional population-level assessments. C1 US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, 974 Memory Lane, Camden, AR USA. EM smiranda@cfr.msstate.edu NR 38 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1577/M03-135.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 911UN UT WOS:000228031200002 ER PT J AU Meeuwig, MH Bayer, JM AF Meeuwig, MH Bayer, JM TI Morphology and aging precision of statoliths from larvae of Columbia River basin lampreys SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; AGE-DETERMINATIONS; PACIFIC LAMPREY; FRASER-RIVER; SEA LAMPREY; STREAMS; VALIDATION; CANADA; FOOD AB The general morphology and precision associated with age determination of statoliths from larval Pacific lampreys Lampetra tridentata and western brook lampreys L. richardsoni found within the Columbia River basin were examined. Significant positive correlations were observed between the size of left and right statoliths from individuals. Principal components analysis indicated an allometric relationship between lamprey length and statolith size as well as a potential species grouping based on these measurements. Discriminant analysis was able to correctly classify more than 94% of Pacific lampreys and 92% of western brook lampreys based on lamprey length and statolith size, and Pacific lamprey statoliths tended to be larger than western brook lamprey statoliths for lampreys of a given size. Reader bias in age estimates of statoliths was greater for older lampreys. Multiple independent age readings of both statoliths from individual lampreys indicated that the overall average percent error was 16.7% for Pacific lampreys and 33.0% for western brook lampreys. Within-individual average percent error ranged from 5.1% to 20.1% among species and readers. Within-reader average percent error ranged from 6.4% to 17.8% among species and readers. The average percent error observed in this study was greater than that observed in studies of other species of lampreys; however, statoliths that were ambiguous or difficult to read were not excluded from this study. In general, the modal separation of age-groups observed in length-frequency distributions for lampreys is poor, as seen in this study; therefore, statolith-based ages may verify or provide better estimates of population age structure. These data demonstrate that estimates of precision are necessary before management actions founded on statolith-based age structure determination are implemented. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Meeuwig, MH (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Post Off Box 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM mmeeuwig@montana.edu NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 38 EP 48 DI 10.1577/M03-184.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 911UN UT WOS:000228031200005 ER PT J AU Long, JM Fisher, WL AF Long, JM Fisher, WL TI Distribution and abundance of black bass in Skiatook Lake, Oklahoma, after introduction of smallmouth bass and a liberalized harvest regulation on spotted bass SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RESERVOIR AB We conducted a 3-year study to examine the trends in abundance and distribution of three sympatric black bass species (Micropterus) in an Oklahoma reservoir after implementation of a differential harvest regulation to reduce the abundance of spotted bass M. punctulatus and after stocking normative smallmouth bass M. dolomieu. Largemouth bass M. salmoides were stocked in Skiatook Lake, Oklahoma, immediately after its creation in 1984 to supplement the existing population in the watershed. Normative smallmouth bass were stocked in 1990, and their abundance and distribution have increased ever since. Native spotted bass, which have less fishery value than the other two black bass species, increased fivefold in abundance in 1994, became the predominant black bass species by at least 1996, and appeared to displace largemouth bass from many habitats. From boat-mounted electrofishing sampling conducted in April and May 1997-1999, we found that spotted bass abundance (proportion and catch per hour) had decreased while smallmouth bass abundance and distribution within the reservoir steadily increased. Largemouth bass abundance did not change among years. Throughout our study period, spotted bass was always the most abundant black bass species where differences in abundance were found. Our results suggest that the continually expanding smallmouth bass population is displacing spotted bass from many of their formerly used habitats, much like spotted bass had displaced largemouth bass by 1996. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Long, JM (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 1978 Isl Ford Pkwy, Atlanta, GA 30350 USA. EM jim_long@nps.gov RI Long, James/C-5999-2009 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1577/M03-186.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 911UN UT WOS:000228031200006 ER PT J AU Johnson, GE Anglea, SM Adams, NS Wik, TO AF Johnson, GE Anglea, SM Adams, NS Wik, TO TI Evaluation of a prototype surface flow bypass for juvenile salmon and steelhead at the powerhouse of Lower Granite Dam, Snake River, Washington, 1996-2000 SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN SHAD; WELLS DAM; ONCORHYNCHUS; PASSAGE; SMOLTS AB A surface flow bypass takes advantage of the natural surface orientation of most juvenile salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss by providing a route in the upper water column that downstream migrant fishes can use to pass a hydroelectric dam safely. A prototype structure, called the surface bypass and collector (SBC), was retrofitted on the powerhouse of Lower Granite Dam and was evaluated annually with biotelemetry and hydroacoustic techniques during the 5-year life span of the structure (1996-2000) to determine the entrance configuration that maximized passage efficiency and minimized forebay residence time. The best tested entrance configuration had maximum inflow (99 m(3)/s) concentrated in a single surface entrance (5 m wide, 8.5 m deep). We identified five important considerations for future surface flow bypass development in the lower Snake River and elsewhere: (1) an extensive flow net should be formed in the forebay by use of relatively high surface flow bypass discharge (> 7% of total project discharge); (2) a gradual increase in water velocity with increasing proximity to the surface flow bypass (ideally, acceleration < 1 m/s per meter) should be created; (3) water velocities at an entrance should be high enough (> 3 m/s) to entrain the subject juvenile fishes; (4) the shape and orientation of the surface entrance(s) should be adapted to fit site-specific features; and (5) construction of a forebay wall to increase fish availability to the surface flow bypass should be considered. The efficiency of the SBC was not high enough (maximum of 62% relative to passage at turbine units 4-5) for the SBC to operate as a stand-alone bypass. Anywhere that surface-oriented anadromous fish must negotiate hydroelectric dams, surface flow bypass systems can provide cost-effective use of typically limited water supplies to increase the nonturbine passage, and presumably survival, of downstream migrants. C1 Battelles Pacific NW Div, Portland, OR 97204 USA. Battelles Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Columbia River Res Lab, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Cook, WA 98605 USA. US Army Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Johnson, GE (reprint author), Battelles Pacific NW Div, 620 SW 5th Ave,Suite 810, Portland, OR 97204 USA. EM gary.johnson@pnl.gov NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 138 EP 151 DI 10.1577/M04.024.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 911UN UT WOS:000228031200016 ER PT J AU Bartholow, JM AF Bartholow, JM TI Recent water temperature trends in the lower Klamath River, California SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN DELTA; FRANCISCO BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; STREAM TEMPERATURES; SALMON PRODUCTION; THERMAL HABITAT; CHINOOK SALMON; UNITED-STATES; INFLOW AB Elevated water temperatures have been implicated as a factor limiting the recovery of anadromous salmonids in the Klamath River basin. This article reviews evidence of a multi-decade trend of increasing temperatures in the lower main-stem Klamath River above the ocean and, based on model simulations, finds a high probability that water temperature has been increasing by approximately 0.5 degrees C/decade (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42-0.60 degrees C/decade) since the early 1960s. The season of high temperatures that are potentially stressful to salmonids has lengthened by about I month over the period studied, and the average length of main-stem river with cool summer temperatures has declined by about 8.2 km/decade. Water temperature trends seem unrelated to any change in main-stem water availability but are consistent with measured basinwide air temperature increases. Main-stem warming may be related to the cyclic Pacific Decadal Oscillation, but if this trend continues it might jeopardize the recovery of anadromous salmonids in the Klamath River basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bartholow, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM John_Bartholow@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 152 EP 162 DI 10.1577/M04-007.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 911UN UT WOS:000228031200017 ER PT J AU Goldstein, RM Meador, MR AF Goldstein, RM Meador, MR TI Multilevel assessment of fish species traits to evaluate habitat degradation in streams of the upper midwest SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LARGE RIVERS; MANAGEMENT; INDEX; ORGANIZATION; LANDSCAPE; METRICS AB We used species traits to examine the variation in fish assemblages for 21 streams in the Northern Lakes and Forests Ecoregion along a gradient of habitat disturbance. Fish species were classified based on five species trait-classes (trophic ecology, substrate preference, geomorphic preference, locomotion morphology, and reproductive strategy) and 29 categories within those classes. We used a habitat quality index to define a reference stream and then calculated Euclidean distances between the reference and each of the other sites for the five traits, Three levels of species trait analyses were conducted: (1) a composite measure (the sum of Euclidean distances across all five species traits), (2) Euclidean distances for the five individual species trait-classes, and (3) frequencies of occurrence of individual trait categories. The composite Euclidean distance was significantly correlated to the habitat index (r = -0.81; P = 0.001), as were the Euclidean distances for four of the five individual species traits (substrate preference: r = -0.70, P = 0.001; geomorphic preference: r = -0.69, P = 0.001; trophic ecology: r = -0.73, P = 0.001; and reproductive strategy: r = -0.64, P = 0.002). Although Euclidean distances for locomotion morphology were not significantly correlated to habitat index scores (r = -0.21; P = 0.368), analysis of variance and principal components analysis indicated that Euclidean distances for locomotion morphology contributed to significant variation in the fish assemblages among sites. Examination of trait categories indicated that low habitat index scores (degraded streams) were associated with changes in frequency of occurrence within the categories of all five of the species traits. Though the objectives and spatial scale of a study will dictate the level of species trait information required, our results suggest that species traits can provide critical information at multiple levels of data analysis. C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04332 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Goldstein, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04332 USA. EM goldstei@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 180 EP 194 DI 10.1577/M04-042.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 911UN UT WOS:000228031200020 ER PT J AU Hedrick, LB Welsh, SA Hedrick, JD AF Hedrick, LB Welsh, SA Hedrick, JD TI A new sampler design for measuring sedimentation in streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISH COMMUNITIES; CONSTRUCTION; AMPHIBIANS; SILTATION; IMPACTS; OREGON; GRAVEL AB Sedimentation alters aquatic habitats and negatively affects fish and invertebrate communities but is difficult to quantify. To monitor bed load sedimentation, we designed a sampler with a 10.16-cm polyvinyl chloride coupling and removable sediment trap. We conducted a trial study of our samplers in riffle and pool habitats upstream and downstream of highway construction on a first-order Appalachian stream. Sediment samples were collected over three 6-week intervals, dried, and separated into five size-classes by means of nested sieves (U.S. standard sieve numbers 4, 8, 14, and 20). Downstream sediment accumulated in size-classes I and 2, and the total amount accumulated was significantly greater during all three sampling periods. Size-classes 3 and 4 had significantly greater amounts of sediment for the first two sampling periods at the downstream site. Differences between upstream and downstream sites narrowed during the 5-month sampling period. This probably reflects changes in site conditions, including the addition of more effective sediment control measures after the first 6-week period of the study. The sediment sampler design allowed for long-term placement of traps without continual disturbance of the streambed and was successful at providing repeat measures of sediment at paired sites. C1 W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Wildlife Resources Stn, W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Romney, WV 26757 USA. RP Hedrick, LB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM lras@adelphia.net NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 238 EP 244 DI 10.1577/M03-236.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 911UN UT WOS:000228031200026 ER PT J AU Hedrick, JD Hedrick, LR Margraf, EJ AF Hedrick, JD Hedrick, LR Margraf, EJ TI A sampler for capturing larval and juvenile Atlantic menhaden SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Interest in capturing larval and juvenile Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus for use in laboratory studies required the design and construction of a sampling device that would allow us to make collections of live fish from open-water areas. Our device for capturing 1-2.5-in larval-juvenile fish was constructed of a stainless steel frame that supported a 9.84-ft-long (3-m-long)(5) cone plankton net with a 3.28-ft-diameter (1-m-diameter) opening and a 0.04-in (1-mm) mesh size. Although the plankton net was similar to that used during typical larval fish collections, the cod end was constructed of Plexiglas and was nearly watertight; this prevented impingement and injury to larval fish and provided a calm-water environment. The cod end was designed for quick release from the plankton net, and the entire cod end could be submerged into a 75-gal onboard holding tank, This design and technique obviated the netting or emerging of fish from the water until they were returned to the laboratory. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Hedrick, JD (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1120 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM jhedrick@dnr.state.wv.us NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 245 EP 250 DI 10.1577/M03-189.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 911UN UT WOS:000228031200027 ER PT J AU Daum, DW AF Daum, DW TI Monitoring fish wheel catch using event-triggered video technology SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CHUM SALMON; CAMERAS; RIVER AB In large, turbid rivers, fish wheels are often used as a live-capture technique for monitoring migratory fish runs. After capture in the wheel's rotating baskets, fish are lifted out of the water, slid down a chute, collected in a live-box, and then sampled. To eliminate the handling and holding of fish associated with fish wheel live-boxes, an event-triggered video system was developed so that fish were video recorded during capture and then immediately released back into the river. A magnetic switch, connected to an exit door installed in the fish wheel chute, signaled a computer to videotape passing fish. Periods of no fish capture were not recorded. Reliability and accuracy were evaluated over a 3-year period, 2001-2003. In over 14,000 It of operation and 262,000 recorded fish images, the system failed only once (due to a malfunction of the exit door). Fish counts from the video system were 4% higher than counts from fish wheel live-boxes, mostly because fish were jumping out of the live-box before counting began. Compared with continuous time-lapse recordings, the video system missed 1% of captured fish, mostly small Coregonus spp. that passed under the exit door without activating the switch. Subsequent adjustments to the door and software capture settings eliminated undercounting. The advantages of the switch-triggered video system over traditional fish wheels with live-boxes were reduced handling and holding time for captured fish; improved counting accuracy; unattended operation; and lower labor costs. Future developments in image recognition and motion detection software should increase the use of event-triggered video in fishery science. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Daum, DW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, 101 12th Ave,Box 19, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM david_daum@fws.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1577/M04-086.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 911UN UT WOS:000228031200036 ER PT J AU McKenna, JE Johnson, JH AF McKenna, JE Johnson, JH TI Juvenile rainbow trout production in New York tributaries of Lake Ontario: Implications for Atlantic salmon restoration SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COHO SALMON; SALAR; STEELHEAD; RIVER; GEOSTATISTICS; REPRODUCTION; COMPETITION; GAIRDNERI AB Three Pacific salmonid species Onchorynchus spp. have replaced the extirpated Atlantic salmon Salmo salar as the main migratory salmonid in the Lake Ontario drainage. One of those species, the nonnative rainbow trout O. mykiss, has become widely distributed within the historical Atlantic salmon habitat, occupying an ecological niche similar to that of juvenile Atlantic salmon. Consequently, both a tributary's carrying capacity for Atlantic salmon and competition from established normative species are important when considering the feasibility of Atlantic salmon restoration. Estimation of juvenile rainbow trout production will help evaluate the capacity of tributaries to produce salmonids that occupy similar niches. Geostatistical methods were applied to standardized and efficiency-corrected electrofishing data from three of New York's best salmonid-producing streams to precisely estimate juvenile rainbow trout populations. Results indicated that each study stream could produce 20,000-40,000 age-0 and 4,000-10,000 age-1 and older rainbow trout per year. Statistical interpolation indicated areas of significantly different production potential and points of significant changes in productivity. Closer examination of the niche similarity and competitive potential of these two species is needed to properly interpret these estimates with regard to Atlantic salmon restoration. C1 US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jim_mckenna@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 391 EP 403 DI 10.1577/M04-022.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 911UN UT WOS:000228031200041 ER PT J AU Kery, M Gregg, KB Schaub, M AF Kery, M Gregg, KB Schaub, M TI Demographic estimation methods for plants with unobservable life-states SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; ORCHIS MILITARIS L.; PARAMETER REDUNDANCY; POPULATION-SIZE; MARK-RECAPTURE; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; SURVIVAL ESTIMATION; ENDANGERED ORCHID; MODELS; DORMANCY AB Demographic estimation of vital parameters in plants with an unobservable dormant state is complicated, because time of death is not known. Conventional methods assume that death occurs at a particular time after a plant has last been seen aboveground but the consequences of assuming a particular duration of dormancy have never been tested. Capture-recapture methods do not make assumptions about time of death; however, problems with parameter estimability have not yet been resolved. To date, a critical comparative assessment of these methods is lacking. We analysed data from a 10 year study of Cleistes bifaria, a terrestrial orchid with frequent dormancy, and compared demographic estimates obtained by five varieties of the conventional methods, and two capture-recapture methods. All conventional methods produced spurious unity survival estimates for some years or for some states, and estimates of demographic rates sensitive to the time of death assumption. In contrast, capture-recapture methods are more parsimonious in terms of assumptions, are based on well founded theory and did not produce spurious estimates. In Cleistes, dormant episodes lasted for 1-4 years (mean 1.4, SD 0.74). The capture-recapture models estimated ramet survival rate at 0.86 (SEsimilar to0.01), ranging from 0.77-0.94 (SEsless than or equal to0.1) in any one year. The average fraction dormant was estimated at 30% (SE 1.5), ranging 16-47% (SEsless than or equal to5.1) in any one year. Multistate capture-recapture models showed that survival rates were positively related to precipitation in the current year, but transition rates were more strongly related to precipitation in the previous than in the current year, with more ramets going dormant following dry years. Not all capture-recapture models of interest have estimable parameters; for instance, without excavating plants in years when they do not appear aboveground, it is not possible to obtain independent time-specific survival estimates for dormant plants. We introduce rigorous computer algebra methods to identify the parameters that are estimable in principle. As life-states are a prominent feature in plant life cycles, multistate capture-recapture models are a natural framework for analysing population dynamics of plants with dormancy. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. W Virginia Wesleyan Coll, Buckhannon, WV 26201 USA. Swiss Ornithol Inst, Schweizer Vogelwarte, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. Univ Bern, Zool Inst Conservat Biol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Kery, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM marc.kery@vogelwarte.ch NR 49 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD FEB PY 2005 VL 108 IS 2 BP 307 EP 320 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13589.x PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 880MA UT WOS:000225792700010 ER PT J AU Woodworth, BL Atkinson, CT LaPointe, DA Hart, PJ Spiegel, CS Tweed, EJ Henneman, C LeBrun, J Denette, T DeMots, R Kozar, KL Triglia, D Lease, D Gregor, A Smith, T Duffy, D AF Woodworth, BL Atkinson, CT LaPointe, DA Hart, PJ Spiegel, CS Tweed, EJ Henneman, C LeBrun, J Denette, T DeMots, R Kozar, KL Triglia, D Lease, D Gregor, A Smith, T Duffy, D TI Host population persistence in the face of introduced vector-borne diseases: Hawaii amakihi and avian malaria SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Hemignathus virens; host-parasite coevolution; Plasmodium relictum; Culex quinquefasciatus ID NUTRITIONAL MODULATION; SEROLOGICAL RESPONSES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; ECOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY; BIRDS; PATHOGENICITY; HEMATOZOA; DYNAMICS; WILDLIFE AB The past quarter century has seen an unprecedented increase in the number of new and emerging infectious diseases throughout the world, with serious implications for human and wildlife populations. We examined host persistence in the face of introduced vector-borne diseases in Hawaii, where introduced avian malaria and introduced vectors have had a negative impact on most populations of Hawaiian forest birds for nearly a century. We studied birds, parasites, and vectors in nine study areas from 0 to 1,800 m on Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii from January to October, 2002. Contrary to predictions of prior work, we found that Hawaii amakihi (Hemignathus virens), a native species susceptible to malaria, comprised from 24.5% to 51.9% of the avian community at three low-elevation forests (55-270 m). Amakihi were more abundant at low elevations than at disease-free high elevations, and were resident and breeding there. Infection rates were 24-40% by microscopy and 55-83% by serology, with most infected individuals experiencing low-intensity, chronic infections. Mosquito trapping and diagnostics provided strong evidence for year-round local transmission. Moreover, we present evidence that Hawaii amakihi have increased in low elevation habitats on southeastern Hawaii Island over the past decade. The recent emergent phenomenon of recovering amakihi populations at low elevations, despite extremely high prevalence of avian malaria, suggests that ecological or evolutionary processes acting on hosts or parasites have allowed this species to recolonize low-elevation habitats. A better understanding of the mechanisms allowing coexistence of hosts and parasites may ultimately lead to tools for mitigating disease impacts on wildlife and human populations. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Woodworth, BL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM bethany_woodworth@usgs.gov OI LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X NR 48 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 5 U2 49 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1531 EP 1536 DI 10.1073/pnas.0409454102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 895QF UT WOS:000226877300051 PM 15668377 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Bommer, JJ AF Boore, DM Bommer, JJ TI Processing of strong-motion accelerograms: needs, options and consequences SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE strong-motion accelerograms; signal-to-noise ratios; instrument corrections; baseline adjustments; filters ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; STRONG GROUND-MOTION; 1999 CHI-CHI; RESPONSE SPECTRA; EARTHQUAKE; DISPLACEMENTS; ACCELERATION; RECORDINGS; CALIFORNIA; RADIATION AB Recordings from strong-motion accelerographs are of fundamental importance in earthquake engineering, forming the basis for all characterizations of ground shaking employed for seismic design. The recordings, particularly those from analog instruments, invariably contain noise that can mask and distort the ground-motion signal at both high and low frequencies. For any application of recorded accelerograms in engineering seismology or earthquake engineering, it is important to identify the presence of this noise in the digitized time-history and its influence on the parameters that are to be derived from the records. If the parameters of interest are affected by noise then appropriate processing needs to be applied to the records, although it must be accepted from the outset that it is generally not possible to recover the actual ground motion over a wide range of frequencies. There are many schemes available for processing strong-motion data and it is important to be aware of the merits and pitfalls associated with each option. Equally important is to appreciate the effects of the procedures on the records in order to avoid errors in the interpretation and use of the results. Options for processing strong-motion accelerograms are presented, discussed and evaluated from the perspective of engineering application. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bommer, JJ (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM j.bommer@imperial.ac.uk NR 55 TC 212 Z9 227 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-7261 J9 SOIL DYN EARTHQ ENG JI Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 93 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.10.007 PG 23 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 901GP UT WOS:000227271300002 ER PT J AU Hoagstrom, CW Brooks, JE AF Hoagstrom, CW Brooks, JE TI Distribution and status of Arkansas River shiner Notropis girardi and Rio Grande shiner Notropis jemezanus, Pecos River, New Mexico SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FISH ASSEMBLAGE; LIFE-HISTORY; GREAT-PLAINS; ECOLOGY; STREAM; DOWNSTREAM; CYPRINIDAE; DRAINAGE; SYSTEM; BASIN AB Introduced Arkansas River shiner Notropis girardi and native Rio Grande shiner Notropis jemezanus coexist in the Pecos River, New Mexico, between Fort Sumner Irrigation District Dam and Brantley Reservoir. Both are pelagic, broadcast spawners. Sampling conducted between 1992 and 2002 found N. girardi composed 3.7% of all fish collected and N. jemezanus composed 10.7%. Notropis girardi appeared to be shorter lived than N. jemezanus. Age 0-1 individuals dominated populations of both species and had highest densities in downstream river stretches, presumably due to displacement of pelagic, semibouyant embryos and early larvae. Notropis girardi were less abundant in this study than in 1986 and 1987, when they were first discovered. During the presumed spawning season (May through August), N. jemezanus were most abundant in river stretches having less degraded river channel conditions - a wide channel with shifting sand substrate. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fishery Resources Off, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Hoagstrom, CW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 69 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI LUBBOCK PA BOX 43151, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-3151 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 57 IS 1 BP 35 EP 58 PG 24 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 934MZ UT WOS:000229714200003 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Moniz, L Nichols, JD Pecora, LM Cooch, E AF Nichols, JM Moniz, L Nichols, JD Pecora, LM Cooch, E TI Assessing spatial coupling in complex population dynamics using mutual prediction and continuity statistics SO THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chaos; mutual prediction; general synchrony; attractor reconstruction; continuity; nonlinear systems ID TIME-SERIES; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; MODELS; CHAOS; SYNCHRONY; SPACE; FLUCTUATIONS; PREDATION; DIMENSION; PATTERNS AB A number of important questions in ecology involve the possibility of interactions or "coupling" among potential components of ecological systems. The basic question of whether two components are coupled (exhibit dynamical interdependence) is relevant to investigations of movement of animals over space, population regulation, food webs and trophic interactions, and is also useful in the design of monitoring programs. For example, in spatially extended systems, coupling among populations in different locations implies the existence of redundant information in the system and the possibility of exploiting this redundancy in the development of spatial sampling designs. One approach to the identification of coupling involves study of the purported mechanisms linking system components. Another approach is based on time series of two potential components of the same system and, in previous ecological work. has relied on linear cross-correlation analysis. Here we present two different attractor-based approaches, continuity and mutual prediction, for determining the degree to which two population time series (e.g., at different spatial locations) are coupled. Both approaches are demonstrated on a one-dimensional predator-prey model system exhibiting complex dynamics. Of particular interest is the spatial asymmetry introduced into the model as linearly declining resource for the prey over the domain of the spatial coordinate. Results from these approaches are then compared to the more standard cross-correlation analysis. In contrast to cross-correlation, both continuity and mutual prediction are clearly able to discern the asymmetry in the flow of information through this system. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pele@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0040-5809 EI 1096-0325 J9 THEOR POPUL BIOL JI Theor. Popul. Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 67 IS 1 BP 9 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.tpb.2004.08.004 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 894BL UT WOS:000226764700002 PM 15649520 ER PT J AU Oremland, RS Stolz, JF AF Oremland, RS Stolz, JF TI Arsenic, microbes and contaminated aquifers SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BANGLADESH GROUNDWATER; REDUCING CONDITIONS; FE RELEASE; MOBILIZATION; REDUCTASE; SEDIMENTS; CARBONATE; MOBILITY; BENGAL; WATER AB The health of tens of millions of people world-wide is at risk from drinking arsenic-contaminated well water. In most cases this arsenic occurs naturally within the subsurface aquifers, rather than being derived from identifiable point sources of pollution. The mobilization of arsenic into the aqueous phase is the first crucial step in a process that eventually leads to human arsenicosis. Increasing evidence suggests that this is a microbiological phenomenon. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 202 Z9 222 U1 6 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.tim.2004.12.002 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 901RC UT WOS:000227298600002 PM 15680760 ER PT J AU James, G Sabatini, DA Chiou, CT Rutherford, D Scott, AC Karapanagioti, HK AF James, G Sabatini, DA Chiou, CT Rutherford, D Scott, AC Karapanagioti, HK TI Evaluating phenanthrene sorption on various wood chars SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE wood char; sorption; K-oc; phenanthrene; nonlinear isotherms; surface area ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HETEROGENEOUS ORGANIC-MATTER; COMPETITIVE SORPTION; NATURAL SORBENT; SOILS; SEDIMENT; IMPACTS; EQUILIBRIUM; CHARCOALS; CHEMICALS AB A certain amount of wood char or soot in a soil or sediment sample may cause the sorption of organic compounds to deviate significantly from the linear partitioning commonly observed with soil organic matter (SOM). Laboratory produced and field wood chars have been obtained and analyzed for their sorption isotherms of a model solute (phenanthrene) from water solution. The uptake capacities and nonlinear sorption effects with the laboratory wood chars are similar to those with the field wood chars. For phenanthrene aqueous concentrations of 1 mugl(-1), the organic carbon-normalized sorption coefficients (log K-oc) ranging from 5.0 to 6.4 for field chars and 5.4-7.3 for laboratory wood chars, which is consistent with literature values (5.6-7.1). Data with artificial chars suggest that the variation in sorption potential can be attributed to heating temperature and starting material, and both the quantity and heterogeneity of surface-area impacts the sorption capacity. These results thus help to corroborate and explain the range of log K-oc values reported in previous research for aquifer materials containing wood chars. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Aegean, Dept Marine Sci, Mitilini 81100, Greece. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Geol, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. RP Karapanagioti, HK (reprint author), Univ Aegean, Dept Marine Sci, Mitilini 81100, Greece. EM hrissi@marine.aegean.gr RI Scott, Andrew/C-6661-2008; Chiou, Cary/C-3203-2013 OI Scott, Andrew/0000-0002-1998-3508; NR 36 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 549 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2004.10.015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 901HG UT WOS:000227273000005 PM 15707627 ER PT J AU Leeman, WP Lewis, JF Evarts, RC Conrey, RM Streck, MJ AF Leeman, WP Lewis, JF Evarts, RC Conrey, RM Streck, MJ TI Petrologic constraints on the thermal structure of the Cascades arc SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International State of the Arc Conference CY AUG, 2003 CL Mt Hood, OR DE Cascades arc; subduction zone; mantle thermal structure; primitive arc magma ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; SOUTHERN WASHINGTON-CASCADES; SUBDUCTION ZONE MAGMATISM; HIGH-ALUMINA BASALTS; CALC-ALKALINE DIFFERENTIATION; PLATE BENEATH WASHINGTON; VOLCANIC ARC; FORE-ARC; MANTLE WEDGE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA AB Primitive late Cenozoic basaltic lavas from the Cascades volcanic arc near latitude 46degreesN comprise, two distinct compositional groups. Group I includes samples with low Ba/Nb (<20) and other compositional similarities to oceanic island and MORB lavas from within-plate settings. In contrast, Group II exhibits enrichment of Ba and large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and depletion of Nb and high-field strength elements (HFSE) as seen commonly in calcalkalic lavas from other volcanic arcs. Lavas of both groups are widely distributed across the transect. and Group I lavas are found as much as 30-40 km trenchward of stratovolcanoes that define the High Cascades 'volcanic front (VF)'. The most primitive lavas are sparsely porphyritic, have elevated Ni, Cr, and Mg#, high calculated magmatic temperatures (1200-1300 degreesC), and lack evidence of shallow (crustal level) storage and crystallization. Compositions of parental liquids were calculated for each primitive sample on the premise of Fe-Mg equilibrium with mantle petidotite. Assuming that such magmas ascended rapidly from accumulation zones in the mantle, we estimate P and T of segregation. We infer that (a) Group I magmas ascended from systematically greater depths (similar to50-70 km) than Group II (similar to30-50 km), implying the possible existence of compositional stratification in the mantle wedge; (b) Group I basalts show the least evidence for slab-derived contributions in their sources despite their apparently greater segregation depths (approaching the locus of the Cascadia slab beneath the frontal arc region); (c) Group II lavas with the strongest slab compositional signature have temperatures far exceeding the wet peridotite solidus at high pressure; and (d) the inferred thermal structure of the mantle wedge is very warm, implying a significant component of mantle upwelling and convection. Group I lavas are interpreted as decompression melts from this mantle. and their compositions suggest that their source was little modified by slab-derived contributions. We speculate that melting to produce Group II magmas occurs in the shallow mantle, possibly in response to heating by hot ascending Group I magmas. If true, it seems unlikely that the slab-like signal in Group II lavas can be attributed to modem slab inputs; rather, we postulate that this signature may reflect melting of lithospheric mantle domains containing a 'stored' slab-derived component inherited from earlier stages of Caseadia subduction. This scenario differs from the standard paradigm for subduction zones (SZs), and stresses the importance of convecting asthenospheric mantle in driving arc magmatism, particularly in warm subduction zones where slab fluid contributions likely are minimal. In contrast, because tectonic conditions in more typical volcanic arcs favor subduction of cooler, less dehydrated oceanic lithosphere, slab-derived fluids may promote extensive flux-melting in the wedge. Such melts may dominate the magmatic output and mask wedge contributions. The Cascade arc thus provides rarely afforded insights into arc magma genesis. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Leeman, WP (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM leeman@rice.edu; revarts@usgs.gov; conrey@mail.wsu.edu; streckm@pdx.edu NR 143 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JAN 30 PY 2005 VL 140 IS 1-3 BP 67 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.07.016 PG 39 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 889FW UT WOS:000226429900005 ER PT J AU Draut, AE Kineke, GC Huh, OK Grymes, JM Westphal, KA Moeller, CC AF Draut, AE Kineke, GC Huh, OK Grymes, JM Westphal, KA Moeller, CC TI Coastal mudflat accretion under energetic conditions, Louisiana chenier-plain coast, USA SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chenier plains; gulf of Mexico; mudflats; coastal sedimentation; sediment transport ID YELLOW-RIVER DELTA; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SEDIMENT DYNAMICS; SOUTH-AMERICA; INTERTIDAL MUDFLATS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ATCHAFALAYA RIVER; AMAZON MUDBANKS; FLUID MUDS; DISPERSAL AB Mudflat accretion on the chenier-plain coast of Louisiana, northern Gulf of Mexico, is anomalous in an area that otherwise experiences widespread land loss due to rapid relative sea level rise. Accretion is shown to be related to energetic events (winter cold fronts and occasional tropical-depression storms) using a 17-year record of meteorological conditions and aerial surveys. The results indicate substantial differences between the behavior of sand- and mud-dominated coastal systems under energetic conditions. Comparison of the Louisiana chenier plain to other mud-rich coasts indicates that certain conditions are necessary for mudflat accretion to occur during energetic atmospheric activity. These include an abundant supply of fine-grained fluvial sediment and resuspension events that maintain an unconsolidated sea floor, dominant onshore wind direction during energetic conditions, particularly when onshore winds coincide with high fluvial sediment input to the coastal ocean, and a low tidal range. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Geol & Geophys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Off State Climatol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Draut, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM adraut@usgs.gov OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 NR 78 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 30 PY 2005 VL 214 IS 1-3 BP 27 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.033 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 890UN UT WOS:000226536500002 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Bruns, TR Sliter, R AF Parsons, T Bruns, TR Sliter, R TI Structure and mechanics of the San Andreas-San Gregorio fault junction, San Francisco, California SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE faults; finite element model; San Andreas; seismic reflection; structure ID CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; PLATE BOUNDARY; SYSTEM; BAY; EARTHQUAKE; LOCATION; SCALE AB [ 1] The right-lateral San Gregorio and San Andreas faults meet west of the Golden Gate near San Francisco. Coincident seismic reflection and refraction profiling across the San Gregorio and San Andreas faults south of their junction shows the crust between them to have formed shallow extensional basins that are dissected by parallel strike-slip faults. We employ a regional finite element model to investigate the long-term consequences of the fault geometry. Over the course of 2 - 3 m.y. of slip on the San Andreas-San Gregorio fault system, elongated extensional basins are predicted to form between the two faults. An additional consequence of the fault geometry is that the San Andreas fault is expected to have migrated eastward relative to the San Gregorio fault. We thus propose a model of eastward stepping right-lateral fault formation to explain the observed multiple fault strands and depositional basins. The current manifestation of this process might be the observed transfer of slip from the San Andreas fault east to the Golden Gate fault. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JAN 29 PY 2005 VL 6 AR Q01009 DI 10.1029/2004GC000838 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 892XC UT WOS:000226682300001 ER PT J AU Hughes, JD Sanford, WE Vacher, HL AF Hughes, JD Sanford, WE Vacher, HL TI Numerical simulation of double-diffusive finger convection SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HELE-SHAW CELL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SCALES; FLOW AB [1] A hybrid finite element, integrated finite difference numerical model is developed for the simulation of double-diffusive and multicomponent flow in two and three dimensions. The model is based on a multidimensional, density-dependent, saturated-unsaturated transport model (SUTRA), which uses one governing equation for fluid flow and another for solute transport. The solute-transport equation is applied sequentially to each simulated species. Density coupling of the flow and solute-transport equations is accounted for and handled using a sequential implicit Picard iterative scheme. High-resolution data from a double-diffusive Hele-Shaw experiment, initially in a density-stable configuration, is used to verify the numerical model. The temporal and spatial evolution of simulated double-diffusive convection is in good agreement with experimental results. Numerical results are very sensitive to discretization and correspond closest to experimental results when element sizes adequately define the spatial resolution of observed fingering. Numerical results also indicate that differences in the molecular diffusivity of sodium chloride and the dye used to visualize experimental sodium chloride concentrations are significant and cause inaccurate mapping of sodium chloride concentrations by the dye, especially at late times. As a result of reduced diffusion, simulated dye fingers are better defined than simulated sodium chloride fingers and exhibit more vertical mass transfer. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Hughes, JD (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM jdhughe2@mail.usf.edu; wsanford@usgs.gov; vacher@chuma1.cas.usf.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 29 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 AR W01019 DI 10.1029/2003WR002777 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 892ZK UT WOS:000226688300001 ER PT J AU Sullivan, TJ Cosby, BJ Tonnessen, KA Clow, DW AF Sullivan, TJ Cosby, BJ Tonnessen, KA Clow, DW TI Surface water acidification responses and critical loads of sulfur and nitrogen deposition in Loch Vale watershed, Colorado SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MODELING STREAM ACIDIFICATION; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ACID DEPOSITION; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; FRONT RANGE; AFFORESTED CATCHMENTS; QUALITY RESPONSES; ENGELMANN SPRUCE; REGIONAL MODEL; ORGANIC-ACIDS AB [1] We evaluated the sensitivity of The Loch, a subalpine lake in Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado, to acidification in response to increased atmospheric loading of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) using the Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments (MAGIC). Lake water acid-base chemistry was moderately sensitive to changes in both S and N deposition. However, the loads of S deposition that would drive chronic lake water acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) to below 0 or 20 mueq L(-1) were estimated to be 11 and 8 kg S ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively, assuming constant future N deposition at current levels. Comparable loads for N deposition, assuming constant future S deposition, were estimated to be 21 and 12 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively. Modeling results for Andrews Creek, an alpine tributary to The Loch, suggested critical loads for surface water acidification that averaged about one third lower. Surface water ANC = 50 mueq L(-1) was projected to occur in 50 years in The Loch if S or N deposition increased by a moderate amount (< 40%) but could not be achieved in Andrews Creek by reducing either S or N deposition to zero. On the basis of the results of synoptic surveys of lake water chemistry, about one fifth of the wilderness lakes in the Colorado Front Range are more acid-sensitive than The Loch. This modeling exercise suggests the need for a regional analysis of critical loads for the larger population of acid-sensitive aquatic resources in order to provide part of the scientific foundation for federally mandated land management decisions. C1 E&S Environm Chem Inc, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Denver, CO USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Sullivan, TJ (reprint author), E&S Environm Chem Inc, POB 609, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. EM tim.sullivan@esenvironmental.com; b.j.cosby@virginia.edu; kathy_tonnessen@nps.gov; dwclow@usgs.gov RI Cosby, Bernard/B-5653-2012 NR 87 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 29 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 AR W01021 DI 10.1029/2004WR003414 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 892ZK UT WOS:000226688300002 ER PT J AU Gu, YX Rose, WI Schneider, DJ Bluth, GJS Watson, IM AF Gu, YX Rose, WI Schneider, DJ Bluth, GJS Watson, IM TI Advantageous GOES IR results for ash mapping at high latitudes: Cleveland eruptions 2001 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLOUDS; RETRIEVALS; ALASKA; AVHRR AB The February 2001 eruption of Cleveland Volcano, Alaska allowed for comparisons of volcanic ash detection using two-band thermal infrared (10-12 mm) remote sensing from MODIS, AVHRR, and GOES 10. Results show that high latitude GOES volcanic cloud sensing the range of about 50 to 65degreesN is significantly enhanced. For the Cleveland volcanic clouds the MODIS and AVHRR data have zenith angles 6-65 degrees and the GOES has zenith angles that are around 70 degrees. The enhancements are explained by distortion in the satellite view of the cloud's lateral extent because the satellite zenith angles result in a "side-looking'' aspect and longer path lengths through the volcanic cloud. The shape of the cloud with respect to the GOES look angle also influences the results. The MODIS and AVHRR data give consistent retrievals of the ash cloud evolution over time and are good corrections for the GOES data. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Gu, YX (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol Engn & Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM yigu@mtu.edu RI Rose, William/A-7923-2009; Watson, Matt/E-5236-2011; OI Watson, Matt/0000-0001-9198-2203; Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 AR L02305 DI 10.1029/2004GL021651 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 892XK UT WOS:000226683100004 ER PT J AU Kellogg, KS Minor, SA AF Kellogg, KS Minor, SA TI Pliocene transpressional modification of depositional basins by convergent thrusting adjacent to the "Big Bend" of the San Andreas fault: An example from Lockwood Valley, southern California SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; VENTURA BASIN; TECTONICS; EVOLUTION; ROTATION; RATES AB The "Big Bend'' of the San Andreas fault in the western Transverse Ranges of southern California is a left stepping flexure in the dextral fault system and has long been recognized as a zone of relatively high transpression compared to adjacent regions. The Lockwood Valley region, just south of the Big Bend, underwent a profound change in early Pliocene time (similar to5 Ma) from basin deposition to contraction, accompanied by widespread folding and thrusting. This change followed the recently determined initiation of opening of the northern Gulf of California and movement along the southern San Andreas fault at about 6.1 Ma, with the concomitant formation of the Big Bend. Lockwood Valley occupies a 6-km-wide, fault-bounded structural basin in which converging blocks of Paleoproterozoic and Cretaceous crystalline basement and upper Oligocene and lower Miocene sedimentary rocks (Plush Ranch Formation) were thrust over Miocene and Pliocene basin-fill sedimentary rocks (in ascending order, Caliente Formation, Lockwood Clay, and Quatal Formation). All the pre-Quatal sedimentary rocks and most of the Pliocene Quatal Formation were deposited during a mid-Tertiary period of regional transtension in a crustal block that underwent little clockwise vertical-axis rotation as compared to crustal blocks to the south. Ensuing Pliocene and Quaternary transpression in the Big Bend region began during deposition of the poorly dated Quatal Formation and was marked by four converging thrust systems, which decreased the areal extent of the sedimentary basin and formed the present Lockwood Valley structural basin. None of the thrusts appears presently active. Estimated shortening across the center of the basin was about 30 percent. The formerly defined eastern Big Pine fault, now interpreted to be two separate, oppositely directed, contractional reverse or thrust faults, marks the northwestern structural boundary of Lockwood Valley. The complex geometry of the Lockwood Valley basin is similar to other Tertiary structural basins in southern California, such those that underlie Cuyama Valley, the Ridge basin, and the east Ventura basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Kellogg, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 980,Box 25046,Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM kkellogg@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 EI 1944-9194 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD JAN 26 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 AR TC1004 DI 10.1029/2003TC001610 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 892ZE UT WOS:000226687700001 ER PT J AU Ryce, EKN Zale, AV MacConnell, E Nelson, M AF Ryce, EKN Zale, AV MacConnell, E Nelson, M TI Effects of fish age versus size on the development of whirling disease in rainbow trout SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Myxobolus cerebralis; whirling disease; resistance; age; size; rainbow trout ID MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; SALMONIDS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MYXOSPOREA; CARTILAGE; PARASITE; BONE AB We examined the effects of both fish age and size on the development of resistance to whirling disease in Erwin strain rainbow trout. Previously, we demonstrated that juvenile rainbow trout became resistant to development of the disease when first exposed to triactmomyxons of the parasite Myxobolus cerebralis at about 9 wk post-hatch when raised at 12 degrees C, but ages and sizes of fish used in that experiment were confounded (Ryce EKN, Zale AV, MacConnell E [2004] Dis Aquat Org 59:225-233). In this study, rainbow trout of the same age and different sizes, and the same size and different ages, were exposed to the parasite to distinguish the influences of age and size. Fish were reared at 3 different water temperatures prior to exposure to produce groups with different growth rates and were exposed to the parasite at 7 or 9 wk post-hatch. Disease severity was affected by both age and size at first exposure, but the effects were not independent. An increase in fork length from 36 to 40 mm among fish exposed at 7 wk post-hatch did not confer increased resistance, but the same increase in size at 9 wk post-hatch did. Similarly, an increase in age from 7 to 9 wk post-hatch among fish exposed at 36 mm fork length did not confer increased resistance, but the same increase in age at 40 mm did. Rainbow trout must be both 9 wk post-hatch or older and at least 40 mm in fork length at time of exposure to exhibit enhanced resistance to whirling disease. Resistance to disease was not associated with the level of skeletal ossification. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Bozeman Fish Hlth Lab, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Ryce, EKN (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM eryce@state.mt.us NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JAN 25 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.3354/dao063069 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 911DG UT WOS:000227981200008 PM 15759802 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Smith, JD Ragan, BW AF Moody, JA Smith, JD Ragan, BW TI Critical shear stress for erosion of cohesive soils subjected to temperatures typical of wildfires SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID WATER REPELLENCY; AGGREGATE STABILITY; RAINDROP IMPACT; FIRE; MOTION; FOREST; FLOW; DETACHMENT; RUNOFF; MODEL AB [1] Increased erosion is a well- known response after wildfire. To predict and to model erosion on a landscape scale requires knowledge of the critical shear stress for the initiation of motion of soil particles. As this soil property is temperature- dependent, a quantitative relation between critical shear stress and the temperatures to which the soils have been subjected during a wildfire is required. In this study the critical shear stress was measured in a recirculating flume using samples of forest soil exposed to different temperatures ( 40degrees- 550degreesC) for 1 hour. Results were obtained for four replicates of soils derived from three different types of parent material ( granitic bedrock, sandstone, and volcanic tuffs). In general, the relation between critical shear stress and temperature can be separated into three different temperature ranges (< 175&DEG;C; 175&DEG;C - 275&DEG;C; > 275degreesC), which are similar to those for water repellency and temperature. The critical shear stress was most variable ( 1.0 - 2.0 N m(-2)) for temperatures < 175&DEG;C, was a maximum (> 2.0 N m(-2)) between 175degrees and 275degreesC, and was essentially constant ( 0.5 - 0.8 N m(-2)) for temperatures > 275degreesC. The changes in critical shear stress with temperature were found to be essentially independent of soil type and suggest that erosion processes in burned watersheds can be modeled more simply than erosion processes in unburned watersheds. Wildfire reduces the spatial variability of soil erodibility associated with unburned watersheds by eliminating the complex effects of vegetation in protecting soils and by reducing the range of cohesion associated with different types of unburned soils. Our results indicate that modeling the erosional response after a wildfire depends primarily on determining the spatial distribution of the maximum soil temperatures that were reached during the wildfire. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jamoody@usgs.gov; jdsmith@usgs.gov; brianragan@mail.boisestate.edu NR 61 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JAN 22 PY 2005 VL 110 IS F1 AR F01004 DI 10.1029/2004JF000141 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 891KM UT WOS:000226579800001 ER PT J AU Douglas-Stroebel, EK Brewer, GL Hoffman, DJ AF Douglas-Stroebel, EK Brewer, GL Hoffman, DJ TI Effects of lead-contaminated sediment and nutrition on mallard duckling behavior and growth SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID DALENE RIVER-BASIN; CANADA GEESE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; DIETARY CALCIUM; NORTHERN IDAHO; EXPOSURE; BIRDS; ACCUMULATION; WATERFOWL; INGESTION AB Sediment ingestion has become a recognized exposure route for toxicants in waterfowl. The effects of lead-contaminated sediment from the Coeur d'Alene River Basin (CDARB) in Idaho were evaluated on mallard (Anas platyryhnchos) duckling behavior and growth over a 5-wk period using time-activity budgets. Day-old ducklings received either a clean sediment (24%) supplemented control diet, CDARB sediment (3449 mug/g lead) supplemented diets at 12% or 24%, or a positive control diet (24% clean sediment with equivalent lead acetate to the 24% CDARB diet). Ten different behaviors were recorded for nine ducklings per treatment as time spent: resting, standing, moving, drinking, dabbling, feeding, pecking, preening, bathing, and swimming. Contaminated sediment (24% CDARB) and lead acetate significantly decreased the proportion of time spent swimming. There were also problems with balance and mobility in the 24% CDARB and the lead acetate groups. With a less optimal diet (mixture of two-thirds corn and one-third standard diet) containing 24% clean sediment, nutrient level alone affected 6 different behaviors: feeding, pecking, swimming, preening, standing, and dabbling. Nutrient level also significantly decreased the growth rate and delayed the initial time of molt. When the corn diet contained CDARB sediment, the proportion of time spent bathing in the 24% CDARB group significantly decreased. There were also instances of imbalance with 24% CDARB and corn diet, and duckling weights were significantly lower than in corn diet controls. The decreased amounts of time spent swimming or bathing, coupled with problems of balance and mobility, decreased growth, histopathological lesions, and altered brain biochemistry (reported elsewhere), illustrate a potential threat to the survival of ducklings in the wild that are exposed to lead-containing sediments within the CDARB or elsewhere. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Frostburg State Univ, Dept Biol, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. RP Hoffman, DJ (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david_hoffman@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JAN 22 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 2 BP 113 EP 128 DI 10.1080/15287390590885839 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 886TS UT WOS:000226256200003 PM 15762550 ER PT J AU Mangan, M Sisson, T AF Mangan, M Sisson, T TI Evolution of melt-vapor surface tension in silicic volcanic systems: Experiments with hydrous melts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID BUBBLE NUCLEATION; DECOMPRESSION EXPERIMENTS; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; HIGH-PRESSURE; WATER; LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURE; MAGMAS; DEFORMATION; DIFFUSION AB [1] We evaluate the melt- vapor surface tension ( sigma) of natural, water- saturated dacite melt at 200 MPa, 950 - 1055 degrees C, and 4.8 - 5.7 wt % H2O. We experimentally determine the critical supersaturation pressure for bubble nucleation as a function of dissolved water and then solve for s at those conditions using classical nucleation theory. The solutions obtained give dacite melt- vapor surface tensions that vary inversely with dissolved water from 0.042 ( +/- 0.003) J m(-2) at 5.7 wt % H2O to 0.060 ( +/- 0.007) J m(-2) at 5.2 wt % H2O to 0.073 ( +/- 0.003) J m(-2) at 4.8 wt % H2O. Combining our dacite results with data from published hydrous haplogranite and high- silica rhyolite experiments reveals that melt-vapor surface tension also varies inversely with the concentration of mafic melt components ( e. g., CaO, FeOtotal, MgO). We develop a thermodynamic context for these observations in which melt- vapor surface tension is represented by a balance of work terms controlled by melt structure. Overall, our results suggest that cooling, crystallization, and vapor exsolution cause systematic changes in s that should be considered in dynamic modeling of magmatic processes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mangan, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mmangan@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 21 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B1 AR B01202 DI 10.1029/2004JB003215 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 891KX UT WOS:000226581000003 ER PT J AU Andrews, DJ AF Andrews, DJ TI Rupture dynamics with energy loss outside the slip zone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SHEAR RUPTURE; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; FAULT GROWTH; FRACTURE; PROPAGATION; GENERATION; DISPLACEMENT; STRESS; CRACK AB Energy loss in a fault damage zone, outside the slip zone, contributes to the fracture energy that determines rupture velocity of an earthquake. A nonelastic two-dimensional dynamic calculation is done in which the slip zone is modeled as a fault plane and material off the fault is subject to a Coulomb yield condition. In a mode 2 crack-like solution in which an abrupt uniform drop of shear traction on the fault spreads from a point, Coulomb yielding occurs on the extensional side of the fault. Plastic strain is distributed with uniform magnitude along the fault, and it has a thickness normal to the fault proportional to propagation distance. Energy loss off the fault is also proportional to propagation distance, and it can become much larger than energy loss on the fault specified by the fault constitutive relation. The slip velocity function could be produced in an equivalent elastic problem by a slip-weakening friction law with breakdown slip D-c increasing with distance. Fracture energy G and equivalent D-c will be different in ruptures with different initiation points and stress drops, so they are not constitutive properties; they are determined by the dynamic solution that arrives at a particular point. Peak slip velocity is, however, a property of a fault location. Nonelastic response can be mimicked by imposing a limit on slip velocity on a fault in an elastic medium. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Andrews, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jandrews@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 141 Z9 143 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 20 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B1 AR B01307 DI 10.1029/2004JB003191 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 891KV UT WOS:000226580800002 ER PT J AU Springman, KR Kurath, G Anderson, JJ Emlen, JM AF Springman, KR Kurath, G Anderson, JJ Emlen, JM TI Contaminants as viral cofactors: assessing indirect population effects SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toxicity models; population dynamics; immunotoxicity; IHNV; fish; multiples ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; BETA-NAPHTHOFLAVONE; SEA BASS; TOXICITY; INDUCTION; MODEL; FISH; EXPRESSION AB Current toxicological methods often miss contaminant effects, particularly when immune suppression is involved. The faiJure to recognize and evaluate indirect and sublethal effects severely limits the applicability of those methods at the population level, In this study, the vitality model is used to evaluate the population level effects of a contaminant exerting only indirect, sublethal effects at the individual level. Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus-mykiss) were injected with 2.5 or 10.0 mg/kg doses of the model CYP1A inducer, beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) as a pre-stressor. then exposed to a challenge dose of 10(2) or 10(4) pfu/fish of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), an important viral pathogen of salmonids in North America. At the end of the 28-d challenge, the mortality data were processed according to the Vitality model which indicated that the correlation between the average rate of vitality loss and the pre-stressor dose was strong: R-2 = 0.9944. Average time to death and cumulative mortality were dependent on the BNF dose. while no significant difference between the two viral dosages was shown. implying that the history of the organism at the time of stressor exposure is an important factor in determining the virulence or toxicity of the stressor. The conceptual framework of this model permits a smoother transfer of results to a more complex stratum, namely the population level, which allows the immunosuppressive results generated by doses of a CYP1A inducer that more accurately represent the effects elicited by environmentally-relevant contaminant concentrations to be extrapolated to target populations. The indirect effects of other environmental contaminants with similar biotransformation pathways. such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), could be assessed and quantified with this model and the results applied to a more complex biological hierarchy. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Columbia Basin Res, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Springman, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Ctr Environm Hlth, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kspringman@ucdavis.edu NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN 18 PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.10.006 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 891FJ UT WOS:000226566400002 PM 15642628 ER PT J AU Gardner, JV Dartnell, P Mayer, LA Clarke, JEH Calder, BR Duffy, G AF Gardner, JV Dartnell, P Mayer, LA Clarke, JEH Calder, BR Duffy, G TI Shelf-edge deltas and drowned barrier-island complexes on the northwest Florida outer continental shelf SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Mexico; Barrier islands; sea level; shelf-edge deltas; bed forms ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEA-LEVEL RECORD; NORTHERN GULF; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY; LAST DEGLACIATION; MARGIN DELTAS; MISSISSIPPI; ALABAMA; CLASSIFICATION AB A high-resolution multibeam survey of the northwest Florida shelf mapped six relict shelf-edge deltas, each with a drowned barrier-island system developed on its south and southwestern rims. The deltas appear to have formed during periods of sea-level stasis that occurred between 58,000 and 28,000 years ago. The barrier islands formed on the deltas during periods of slow regression during this same time interval. Large fields of asymmetric dunes are found on the delta surfaces as well as on the south and southwestern flanks of the deltas. The asymmetry and orientation of the dunes suggest that a northward-flowing current was sheared by the presence of the delta topography, and as a result, the upper layer of the flow continued to the north. whereas the lower layer was steered by the topography. The topographic steering accelerated the northward flow, around the south and southwestern flanks with speeds adequate to form large duties. The flow slowed after rounding southwestern flank but accelerated again as it encountered the next delta flank to the north. The age of the done formation is unknown. and no northward-flowing geostrophic flow has been reported in the literature from this area. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 583, Canada. RP Gardner, JV (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jim.gardner@umich.edu; pdartnell@usgs.gov; larry.mayer@unh.edu; jhc@omg.unb.ca; bcalder@cisunix.unh.edu; gduffy@omg.unb.ca RI Duffy, Garret/B-2680-2013 OI Duffy, Garret/0000-0002-0217-1300 NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 17 PY 2005 VL 64 IS 3-4 BP 133 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.06.005 PG 34 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 891FT UT WOS:000226567400001 ER PT J AU Gaeuman, D Schmidt, JC Wilcock, PR AF Gaeuman, D Schmidt, JC Wilcock, PR TI Complex channel responses to changes in stream flow and sediment supply on the lower Duchesne River, Utah SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case histories; sediment supply; avulsion; rivers and streams; discharge ID GREEN RIVER; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; COLORADO; MORPHOLOGY; ADJUSTMENTS; TAMARISK; RECORD; SPREAD; MODEL; PLAIN AB Channel responses to flow depletions in the lower Duchesne River over the past 100 years have been highly complex and variable in space and time. In general, sand-bed reaches adjusted to all perturbations with bed-level changess. whereas the gravel-bed reaches adjusted primarily through width changes. Gravel-bed reaches aggraded only when gravel was supplied to the channel through local bank erosion and degraded only during extreme flood events. A 50% reduction in stream flow and an increase in fine sediment supply to the study area occurred in the first third of the 20th century. The gravel-bed reach responded primarily with channel narrowing. whereas bed aggradation and four large-scale. avulsions occurred in the sand-bed reaches. These avulsions almost completely replaced a section of sinuous channel about 14 km long with a straighter section about 7 km long. The most upstream avulsion. located near a break in valley slope and the transition from a gravel bed upstream and a sand bed downstream. transformed a sinuous sand-bed reach into a braided gravel-bed reach and eventually into a meandering gravel-bed reach over a 30-year period. Later. an increase in flood magnitudes and durations caused widening and secondary bed aggradation in the gravel-bed reaches. whereas the sand-bed reaches incised and narrowed. Water diversions since the 1950s have progressively eliminated moderate flood events. whereas lamer floods have been less affected. The loss of frequent flooding has increased the duration and severity of drought periods during which riparian vegetation can establish along the channel margins. As a result, the channel has gradually narrowed throughout the study area since the late 1960s, despite the occasional occurrence of large floods. No tributaries enter the Duchesne River within the study area, so all reaches have experienced identical changes in stream flow and upstream sediment supply. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Aquat & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Gaeuman, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dgaeuman@usgs.gov; jschmidt@cc.usu.edu; wilcock@jhu.edu RI Wilcock, Peter/A-3299-2010 NR 43 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 17 PY 2005 VL 64 IS 3-4 BP 185 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.06.007 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 891FT UT WOS:000226567400003 ER PT J AU Flinn, JM Hunter, D Linkous, DH Lanzirotti, A Smith, LN Brightwell, J Jones, BF AF Flinn, JM Hunter, D Linkous, DH Lanzirotti, A Smith, LN Brightwell, J Jones, BF TI Enhanced zinc consumption causes memory deficits and increased brain levels of zinc SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE zinc; cognitive deficits; spatial memory; Morris water maze; drinking water; biometals; synchrotron X-ray fluorescence; brain concentrations of zinc; rats; learning; thigmotaxicity; atlantis platform; working memory ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; MORRIS WATER MAZE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SPATIAL MEMORY; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; ZN-65 UPTAKE; RATS; COPPER AB Zinc deficiency has been shown to impair cognitive functioning, but little work has been done on the effects of elevated zinc. This research examined the effect on memory of raising Sprague-Dawley rats on enhanced levels of zinc (10 ppm ZnCO3; 0.153 mm) in the drinking water for periods of 3 or 9 months, both pre- and postnatally. Controls were raised on lab water. Memory was tested in a series of Morris Water Maze (MWM) experiments, and zinc-treated rats were found to have impairments in both reference and working memory. They were significantly slower to find a stationary platform and showed greater thigraotaxicity, a measure of anxiety. On a working memory task, where the platform was moved each day, zinc-treated animals had longer latencies over both trials and days, swam further from the platform, and showed greater thigmotaxicity. On trials using an Atlantis platform, which remained in one place but was lowered on probe trials, the zinc-treated animals had significantly fewer platform crossings, spent less time in the target quadrant, and did not swim as close to the platform position. They had significantly greater latency on nonprobe trials. Microprobe synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (muSXRF) confirmed that brain zinc levels were increased by adding ZnCO3 to the drinking water. These data show that long-term dietary administration of zinc can lead to impairments in cognitive function. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Beamline X26A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Tulane Univ, Neurosci Program, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Flinn, JM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, 4400 Univ Dr,MS-3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jflinn@gmu.edu OI Smith, Laura/0000-0003-3687-3148 NR 53 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JAN 17 PY 2005 VL 83 IS 5 BP 793 EP 803 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.10.009 PG 11 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 891CE UT WOS:000226558100015 PM 15639165 ER PT J AU Buchwalter, DB Luoma, SN AF Buchwalter, DB Luoma, SN TI Differences in dissolved cadmium and zinc uptake among stream insects: Mechanistic explanations SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENT UPTAKE; AQUATIC INSECTS; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; LARVAE TRICHOPTERA; CHLORIDE CELLS; HEAVY-METALS; FRESH-WATER; CD; BIOACCUMULATION AB This study examined the extent to which dissolved Cd and Zn uptake rates vary in several aquatic insect taxa commonly used as indicators of ecological health. We further attempted to explain the mechanisms underlying observed differences. By comparing dissolved Cd and Zn uptake rates in several aquatic insect species, we demonstrated that species vary widely in these processes. Dissolved uptake rates were not related to gross morphological features such as body size or gill size-features that influence water permeability and therefore have ionoregulatory importance. However, finer morphological features, specifically, the relative numbers of ionoregulatory cells (chloride cells), appeared to be related to dissolved metal uptake rates. This observation was supported by Michaelis-Menten type kinetics experiments, which showed that dissolved Cd uptake rates were driven by the numbers of Cd transporters and not by the affinities of those transporters to Cd. Calcium concentrations in exposure media similarly affected Cd and Zn uptake rates in the caddisfly Hydropsyche californica. Dissolved Cd and Zn uptake rates strongly co-varied among species, suggesting that these metals are transported by similar mechanisms. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Buchwalter, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM buchwalt@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2 BP 498 EP 504 DI 10.1021/es0404421 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889KG UT WOS:000226441300022 PM 15707049 ER PT J AU Marion, GM Kargel, JS Catling, DC Jakubowski, SD AF Marion, GM Kargel, JS Catling, DC Jakubowski, SD TI Effects of pressure on aqueous chemical equilibria at subzero temperatures with applications to Europa SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ION-INTERACTION APPROACH; APPARENT MOLAL VOLUMES; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MGSO4 SOLUTIONS; PURE WATER; DENSITIES; NA2SO4; COMPRESSIBILITY; 25-DEGREES-C AB Pressure plays a critical role in controlling aqueous geochemical processes in deep oceans and deep ice. The putative ocean of Europa could have pressures of 1200 bars or higher on the seafloor, a pressure not dissimilar to the deepest ocean basin on Earth (the Mariana Trench at 1100 bars of pressure). At such high pressures, chemical thermodynamic relations need to explicitly consider pressure. A number of papers have addressed the role of pressure on equilibrium constants, activity coefficients, and the activity of water. None of these models deal, however, with processes at subzero temperatures, which may be important in cold environments on Earth and other planetary bodies. The objectives of this work were to (1) incorporate a pressure dependence into an existing geochemical model parameterized for subzero temperatures (FREZCHEM), (2) validate the model, and (3) simulate pressure-dependent processes on Europa. As part of objective 1, we examined two models for quantifying the volumetric properties of liquid water at subzero temperatures: one model is based on the measured properties of supercooled water, and the other model is based on the properties of liquid water in equilibrium with ice. The relative effect of pressure on solution properties falls in the order: equilibrium constants(K) > activity coefficients (gamma) > activity of water (a(w)). The errors (%) in our model associated with these properties, however, fall in the order: gamma > K > a(w). The transposition between K and gamma is due to a more accurate model for estimating K than for estimating gamma. Only activity coefficients are likely to be significantly in error. However, even in this case, the errors are likely to be only in the range of 2 to 5% up to 1000 bars of pressure. Evidence based on the pressure/temperature melting of ice and salt solution densities argue in favor of the equilibrium water model, which depends on extrapolations, for characterizing the properties of liquid water in electrolyte solutions at subzero temperatures, rather than the supercooled water model. Model-derived estimates of mixed salt solution densities and chemical equilibria as a function of pressure are in reasonably good agreement with experimental measurements. To demonstrate the usefulness of this low-temperature, high-pressure model, we examined two hypothetical cases for Europa. Case 1 dealt with the ice cover of Europa, where we asked the question: How far above the putative ocean in the ice layer could we expect to find thermodynamically stable brine pockets that could serve as habitats for life? For a hypothetical nonconvecting 20 km icy shell, this potential life zone only extends 2.8 km into the icy shell before the eutectic is reached. For the case of a nonconvecting icy shell, the cold surface of Europa precludes stable aqueous phases (habitats for life) anywhere near the surface. Case 2 compared chemical equilibria at I bar (based on previous work) with a more realistic 1460 bars of pressure at the base of a 100 km Europan ocean. A pressure of 1460 bars, compared to I bar, caused a 12 K decrease in the temperature at which ice first formed and a 11 K increase in the temperature at which MgSO4.12H(2)O first formed. Remarkably, there was only a 1.2 K decrease in the eutectic temperatures between 1 and 1460 bars of pressure. Chemical systems and their response to pressure depend, ultimately, on the volumetric properties of individual constituents, which makes every system response highly individualistic. Copyright (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Marion, GM (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM gmarion@dri.edu RI Catling, David/D-2082-2009; OI Catling, David/0000-0001-5646-120X NR 72 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 259 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.024 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 891GH UT WOS:000226568800002 ER PT J AU Hernandez, O Merritt, RW Wipfli, MS AF Hernandez, O Merritt, RW Wipfli, MS TI Benthic invertebrate community structure is influenced by forest succession after clearcut logging in southeastern Alaska SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE red alder; forest succession; benthic macroinvertebrate; functional feeding group; headwater stream; timber harvest ID ORGANIC DEBRIS DAMS; HEADWATER STREAMS; ENERGY DYNAMICS; MOUNTAIN STREAM; BUFFER STRIPS; DETRITUS; MACROINVERTEBRATES; DISTURBANCE; EXPORT; ECOSYSTEMS AB To assess the effects of timber harvesting on headwater streams in upland forests, benthic community structure was contrasted among four dominant forest management types (old growth, red alder-dominated young growth, conifer-dominated young growth, clearcut) and instream habitats (woody debris, cobble, gravel) in southeastern Alaska. Benthos in streams of previously harvested areas resulted in increased richness, densities and biomass relative to old growth types, particularly in young growth stands with a red alder-dominated riparian canopy. Woody debris and gravel habitats supported a combination of higher densities and biomass of invertebrates than cobble habitats. In addition, woody debris also supported a richer and more diverse invertebrate fauna than either cobble or gravel substrates. Maintaining both a woody debris source and a red alder component in regenerating riparian forests following timber harvesting should support greater invertebrate densities and diversity following clearcutting. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, USGS, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Hernandez, O (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM herna106@msu.edu NR 46 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 533 BP 45 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s10750-004-2105-6 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 896IX UT WOS:000226928900005 ER PT J AU Stelling, P Gardner, JE Beget, J AF Stelling, P Gardner, JE Beget, J TI Eruptive history of Fisher Caldera, Alaska, USA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fisher Caldera; Aleutians; Unimak Island; caldera-forming eruption; stratocone; dacite ID CRATER LAKE CALDERA; ANIAKCHAK; COLLAPSE; VOLCANO; MAGMA; LASER; AGE AB New field, compositional, and geochronologic data from Fisher Caldera, the largest of 12 Holocene calderas in Alaska, provide insights into the eruptive history and formation of this volcanic system. Prior to the caldera-forming eruption (CFE) 9400 years ago, the volcanic system consisted of a cluster of several small (similar to3 km(3)) stratocones, which were independently active between 66 +/- 144 and 9.4 +/- 0.2 ka. Fisher Caldera formed through a single eruption, which produced a thick dacitic fall deposit and two pyroclastic-flow deposits, a small dacitic flow and a compositionally mixed basaltic-dacitic flow. Thickness and grain-size data indicate that the fall deposit was dispersed primarily to the northeast, whereas the two flows were oppositely directed to the south and north. After the cataclysmic eruption, a lake filled much of the caldera during what may have been a significant quiescent period. Volcanic activity from intracaldera vents gradually resumed, producing thick successions of scoria fall interbedded with lake sediments. Several Holocene stratocones have developed; one of which has had a major collapse event. The caldera lake catastrophically drained when a phreatomagmatic eruption generated a large wave that overtopped and incised the southwestern caldera wall. Multiple accretionary-lapilli-bearing deposits inside and outside the caldera suggest significant Holocene phreatomagmatic activity. The most recent eruptive activity from the Fisher volcanic system was a small explosive eruption in 1826, and current activity is hydrothermal. Late Pleistocene to Holocene magma eruption rates range from 0.03 to 0.09 km(3) ky(-1) km(-1), respectively. The Fisher volcanic system is chemically diverse, similar to48-72 wt.% SiO2, with at least seven dacitic eruptions over the last 82 14 ka that may have become more frequent over time. Least squares calculations suggest that prior to the CFE, Fisher Volcano products were not derived from a single, large magma reservoir, and were likely erupted from multiple, compositionally independent magma reservoirs. After the CFE, the majority of products appear to have derived from a single reservoir in which magma mixing has occurred. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pstelling@uaa.alaska.edu; gardner@mail.utexas.edu; ffjeb1@uaf.edu RI Gardner, James/H-1713-2011 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 139 IS 3-4 BP 163 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.08.006 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 886XF UT WOS:000226265700002 ER PT J AU Giri, C Zhu, ZL Reed, B AF Giri, C Zhu, ZL Reed, B TI A comparative analysis of the Global Land Cover 2000 and MODIS land cover data sets SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE global land cover; comparative analysis; per-pixel comparison; agreement and disagreement ID IGBP DISCOVER; CLASSIFICATION; PROGRAM; PRODUCT; MODELS AB Accurate and up-to-date global land cover data sets are necessary for various global change research studies including climate change, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem assessment, and environmental modeling. In recent years, substantial advancement has been achieved in generating such data products. Yet, we are far from producing geospatially consistent high-quality data at an operational level. We compared the recently available Global Land Cover 2000 (GLC-2000) and MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) global land cover data to evaluate the similarities and differences in methodologies and results, and to identify areas of spatial agreement and disagreement. These two global land cover data sets were prepared using different data sources, classification systems, and methodologies, but using the same spatial resolution (i.e., 1 km) satellite data. Our analysis shows a general agreement at the class aggregate level except for savannas/shrublands, and wetlands. The disagreement, however, increases when comparing detailed land cover classes. Similarly, percent agreement between the two data sets was found to be highly variable among biomes. The identified areas of spatial agreement and disagreement will be useful for both data producers and users. Data producers may use the areas of spatial agreement for training area selection and pay special attention to areas of disagreement for further improvement in future land cover characterization and mapping. Users can conveniently use the findings in the areas of agreement, whereas users might need to verify the information in the areas of disagreement with the help of secondary information. Learning from past experience and building on the existing infrastructure (e.g., regional networks), further research is necessary to (1) reduce ambiguity in land cover definitions, (2) increase availability of improved spatial, spectral, radiometric, and geometric resolution satellite data, and (3) develop advanced classification algorithms. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EROS Data Ctr, US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Giri, C (reprint author), EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 22 TC 170 Z9 184 U1 7 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 1 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.09.005 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 886YZ UT WOS:000226270500010 ER PT B AU Reed, BC Brown, JF AF Reed, BC Brown, JF BE King, RL Younan, NH TI Trend analysis of time-series phenology derived from satellite data SO 2005 International Workshop on the Analysis on Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images CY MAY 16-18, 2005 CL Biloxi, MS SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, Mississippi State Univ, James Worth Bagley Coll Engn, GRI, ERC ID IMAGERY; MODIS AB Remote sensing information has been used in studies of) of the land surface for the the seasonal dynamics (phenology past 15 years. While our understanding of remote sensing phenology is still in development, it is regarded as a key to understanding land surface processes over large areas. Repeat observations from satellite-borne multispectral sensors provide a mechanism to move from plant-specific to regional scale studies of phenology. In addition, we now have sufficient time-series (since 1982 at 8-km resolution covering the globe and since 1989 at 1-km resolution over the conterminous US) to study seasonal and interannual trends from satellite data. Phenology metrics including start of season, end of season, duration of season, and seasonally integrated greenness were derived from 8 kin AVHRR data over North America spanning the years 1982-2003. Trend analysis was performed on the annual summaries of the metrics to determine areas with increasing or decreasing trends for the time period under study. Results show only small areas of changing start of season, but the end of season is coming later over well defined areas of New England and SE Canada, principally as a result of land use changes. The total greenness metric is most striking at the shrub/tundra boundary of North America, indicating increasing vegetation vigor or possible vegetation conversion as a result of warming. C1 USGS Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Reed, BC (reprint author), USGS Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. OI Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9118-7 PY 2005 BP 166 EP 168 PG 3 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BCU69 UT WOS:000231288600037 ER PT B AU Nelson, G Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A AF Nelson, G Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A BE King, RL Younan, NH TI Mapping and improving frequency, accuracy, and interpretation of land cover change: Classifying coastal Louisiana with 1900, 1993, 1996, and 1999 Landsat Thematic Mapper image data SO 2005 International Workshop on the Analysis on Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images CY MAY 16-18, 2005 CL Biloxi, MS SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, Mississippi State Univ, James Worth Bagley Coll Engn, GRI, ERC ID WETLANDS AB Landsat Thematic Mapper images and collateral data sources were used to classify the land cover of the Mermentau River Basin within the chenier coastal plain and the adjacent uplands of Louisiana, USA. Landcover classes followed that of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coastal Change Analysis Program; however, classification methods needed to be developed to meet these national standards. Our first classification was limited to the Mermentau River Basin (MRB) in southcentral Louisiana, and the years of 1990, 1993, and 1996. To overcome problems due to class spectral inseparable, spatial and spectra continuums, mixed landcovers, and abnormal transitions, we separated the coastal area into regions of commonality and applying masks to specific land mixtures. Over the three years and 14 landcover classes (aggregating the cultivated land and grassland, and water and floating vegetation classes), overall accuracies ranged from 82% to 90%. To enhance landcover change interpretation, three indicators were introduced as Location Stability, Residence stability, and Turnover. Implementing methods substantiated in the multiple date MRB classification, we spatially extended the classification to the entire Louisiana coast and temporally extended the original 1990, 1993, 1996 classifications to 1999 (Figure 1). We also advanced the operational functionality of the classification and increased the credibility of change detection results. Increased operational functionality that resulted in diminished user input was for the most part gained by implementing a classification logic based on forbidden transitions. The logic detected and corrected misclassifications and mostly alleviated the necessity of subregion separation prior to the classification. The new methods provided an improved ability for more timely detection and response to landcover impact. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Nelson, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9118-7 PY 2005 BP 241 EP 243 PG 3 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BCU69 UT WOS:000231288600055 ER PT S AU Mann, P Prentice, CS Hippolyte, JC Grindlay, NR Abrams, LJ Lao-Davila, D AF Mann, Paul Prentice, Carol S. Hippolyte, Jean-Claude Grindlay, Nancy R. Abrams, Lewis J. Lao-Davila, Daniel BE Mann, P TI Reconnaissance study of Late Quaternary faulting along Cerro Goden fault zone, western Puerto Rico SO ACTIVE TECTONICS AND SEISMIC HAZARDS OF PUERTO RICO, THE VIRGIN ISLANDS, AND OFFSHORE AREAS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Puerto Rico; faults; earthquakes; Mona Passage; arch ID CARIBBEAN PLATE BOUNDARY; SEPTENTRIONAL FAULT; SEISMIC-REFLECTION; GPS MEASUREMENTS; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; TECTONICS; EARTHQUAKE; MARGIN AB The Cerro Goden fault zone is associated with a curvilinear, continuous, and prominent topographic lineament in western Puerto Rico. The fault varies in strike from northwest to west. In its westernmost section, the fault is similar to 500 m south of an abrupt, curvilinear mountain front separating the 270- to 361-m-high La Cadena de San Francisco range from the Rio Anasco alluvial valley. The Quaternary fault of the Anasco Valley is in alignment with the bedrock fault mapped by D. McIntyre (1971) in the Central La Plata quadrangle sheet east of Anasco Valley. Previous workers have postulated that the Cerro Goden fault zone continues southeast from the Anasco Valley and merges with the Great Southern Puerto Rico fault zone of south-central Puerto Rico. West of the Anasco Valley, the fault continues offshore into the Mona Passage (Caribbean Sea) where it is characterized by offsets of seafloor sediments estimated to be of late Quaternary age. Using both 1: 18,500 scale air photographs taken in 1936 and 1: 40,000 scale photographs taken by the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1986, we identified geomorphic features suggestive of Quaternary fault movement in the Anasco Valley, including aligned and deflected drainages, apparently offset terrace risers, and mountain-facing scarps. Many of these features suggest right-lateral displacement. Mapping of Paleogene bedrock units in the uplifted La Cadena range adjacent to the Cerro Goden fault zone reveals the main tectonic events that have culminated in late Quaternary normal-oblique displacement across the Cerro Goden fault. Cretaceous to Eocene rocks of the La Cadena range exhibit large folds with wavelengths of several kms. The orientation of folds and analysis of fault striations within the folds indicate that the folds formed by northeast-southwest shortening in present-day geographic coordinates. The age of deformation is well constrained as late Eocene early Oligocene by an angular unconformity separating folded, deep-marine middle Eocene rocks from transgressive, shallow-marine rocks of middle-upper Oligocene age. Rocks of middle Oligocene-early Pliocene age above unconformity are gently folded about the roughly east-west-trending Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands arch, which is well expressed in the geomorphology of western Puerto Rico. Arching appears ongoing because onshore and offshore late Quaternary oblique-slip faults closely parallel the complexly deformed crest of the arch and appear to be related to extensional strains focused in the crest of the arch. We estimate similar to 4 km of vertical throw on the Cerro Goden fault based on the position of the carbonate cap north of the fault in the La Cadena de San Francisco and its position south of the fault inferred from seismic reflection data in Mayaguez Bay. Based on these observations, our interpretation of the kinematics and history of the Cerro Goden fault zone includes two major phases of motion: (1) Eocene northeast-southwest shortening possibly accompanied by left-lateral shearing as determined by previous workers on the Great Southern Puerto Rico fault zone; and (2) post-early Pliocene regional arching of Puerto Rico accompanied by normal offset and right-lateral shear along faults flanking the crest of the arch. The second phase of deformation accompanied east-west opening of the Mona rift and is inferred to continue to the present day. C1 [Mann, Paul] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Prentice, Carol S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hippolyte, Jean-Claude] Univ Savoie, UMR CNRS 5025, LGCA, F-73376 Le Bourget De Lac, France. [Grindlay, Nancy R.; Abrams, Lewis J.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Lao-Davila, Daniel] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Geol, Mayaguez, PR 00708 USA. RP Mann, P (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, 8701 Mopac Blvd, Austin, TX 78759 USA. EM paulm@ig.utexas.edu; paulm@ig.utexas.edu NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2385-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2005 VL 385 BP 115 EP 137 DI 10.1130/0-8137-2385-X.115 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BPD65 UT WOS:000278593300007 ER PT S AU Prentice, CS Mann, P AF Prentice, Carol S. Mann, Paul BE Mann, P TI Paleoseismic study of the South Lajas fault: First documentation of an onshore Holocene fault in Puerto Rico SO ACTIVE TECTONICS AND SEISMIC HAZARDS OF PUERTO RICO, THE VIRGIN ISLANDS, AND OFFSHORE AREAS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE seismic hazard; Puerto Rico; active fault; paleoseismology ID VIRGIN-ISLANDS; AGE CALIBRATION; MOTION AB The island of Puerto Rico is located within the complex boundary between the North America and Caribbean plates. The relative motion along this boundary is dominantly left-lateral strike slip, but compression and extension are locally significant. Although tectonic models proposed for the region suggest the presence of onshore active faults in Puerto Rico, no faults with Holocene displacement have been documented on the island before this study. Current seismic hazard assessments primarily consider only the impact of distant, offshore seismic sources because onshore fault hazard is unknown. Our mapping and trenching studies demonstrate Holocene surface rupture on a previously undocumented fault in southwestern Puerto Rico. We excavated a trench across a scarp near the southern edge of the Lajas Valley that exposed a narrow fault zone disrupting alluvial deposits. Structural relations indicate valley-side-down fault slip, with a component of strike-slip motion. Radiocarbon analyses of organic material collected from the sediments suggest that the most recent surface rupture occurred during the past 5000 yr, but no minimum age has yet been established. This fault may be part of a larger fault zone that extends from the western end of the Lajas Valley toward Ponce, the second largest city in Puerto Rico. C1 [Prentice, Carol S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mann, Paul] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RP Prentice, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2385-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2005 VL 385 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1130/0-8137-2385-X.215 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BPD65 UT WOS:000278593300011 ER PT S AU Tuttle, MP Dyer-Williams, K Schweig, ES Prentice, CS Moya, JC Tucker, KB AF Tuttle, Martitia P. Dyer-Williams, Kathleen Schweig, Eugene S. Prentice, Carol S. Moya, Juan Carlos Tucker, Kathleen B. BE Mann, P TI Liquefaction induced by historic and prehistoric earthquakes in western Puerto Rico SO ACTIVE TECTONICS AND SEISMIC HAZARDS OF PUERTO RICO, THE VIRGIN ISLANDS, AND OFFSHORE AREAS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE paleoseismology; paleoliquefaction; Quaternary fault behavior ID CARIBBEAN PLATE BOUNDARY; SEPTENTRIONAL FAULT; FEATURES; ZONE AB Dozens of liquefaction features in western Puerto Rico probably formed during at least three large earthquakes since A. D. 1300. Many of the features formed during the 1918 moment magnitude (M) 7.3 event and the 1670 event, which may have been as large as M 7 and centered in the Anasco River Valley. Liquefaction features along Rio Culebrinas, and possibly a few along Rio Grande de Anasco, appear to have formed ca. A. D. 1300-1508 as the result of a M >= 6.5 earthquake. We conducted reconnaissance along Rio Culebrinas, Rio Grande de Anasco, and Rio Guanajibo, where we found and studied numerous liquefaction features, dated organic samples occurring in association with liquefaction features, and performed liquefaction potential analysis with geotechnical data previously collected along the three rivers. Our ongoing study will provide additional information regarding the age and size distribution of liquefaction features along the western, northern, and eastern coasts and will help to improve estimates of the timing, source areas, and magnitudes of earthquakes that struck Puerto Rico during the late Holocene. C1 [Tuttle, Martitia P.; Dyer-Williams, Kathleen] M Tuttle & Associates, Georgetown, ME 04548 USA. [Schweig, Eugene S.] US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Prentice, Carol S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Moya, Juan Carlos] EcoGeo LLC, Austin, TX 78745 USA. [Tucker, Kathleen B.] Univ Memphis, CERI, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Tuttle, MP (reprint author), M Tuttle & Associates, 128 Tibbetts Lane, Georgetown, ME 04548 USA. EM mptuttle@earthlink.net NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2385-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2005 VL 385 BP 263 EP 276 DI 10.1130/0-8137-2385-X.263 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BPD65 UT WOS:000278593300014 ER PT S AU Landa, ER AF Landa, ER BE Laskin, AI Bennett, JW Gadd, GM TI Microbial biogeochemistry of uranium mill tailings SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 57 SE Advances in Applied Microbiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; MINE TAILINGS; IMMOBILIZED BIOMASS; RHIZOPUS-ARRHIZUS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; FUNGAL BIOMASS; REDUCTION; GROUNDWATER; RA-226; METAL C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Landa, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM erlanda@usgs.gov NR 87 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2164 BN 0-12-002659-7 J9 ADV APPL MICROBIOL JI Adv. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2005 VL 57 BP 113 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0065-2164(05)57004-7 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BCM28 UT WOS:000229969200004 PM 16002011 ER PT J AU Borrok, D Turner, BF Fein, AB AF Borrok, D Turner, BF Fein, AB TI A universal surface complexation framework for modeling proton binding onto bacterial surfaces in geologic settings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; METAL ADSORPTION; CD ADSORPTION; CELL-WALLS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MARINE-BACTERIA; IONIC-STRENGTH; PH; EQUILIBRIUM; SORPTION AB Adsorption onto bacterial cell walls can significantly affect the speciation and mobility of aqueous metal cations in many geologic settings. However, a unified thermodynamic framework for describing bacterial adsorption reactions does not exist. This problem originates from the numerous approaches that have been chosen for modeling bacterial surface protonation reactions. In this study, we compile all currently available potentiometric titration datasets for individual bacterial species, bacterial consortia, and bacterial cell wall components. Using a consistent, four discrete site, non-electrostatic surface complexation model, we determine total functional group site densities for all suitable datasets, and present an averaged set of 'universal' thermodynamic proton binding and site density parameters for modeling bacterial adsorption reactions in geologic systems. Modeling results demonstrate that the total concentrations of proton-active functional group sites for the 36 bacterial species and consortia tested are remarkably similar, averaging 3.2 +/- 1.0 (1 sigma) X 10(-4) moles/wet gram. Examination of the uncertainties involved in the development of proton-binding modeling parameters suggests that ignoring factors such as bacterial species, ionic strength, temperature, and growth conditions introduces relatively small error compared to the unavoidable uncertainty associated with the determination of cell abundances in realistic geologic systems. Hence, we propose that reasonable estimates of the extent of bacterial cell wall deprotonation can be made using averaged thermodynamic modeling parameters from all of the experiments that are considered in this study, regardless of bacterial species used, ionic strength, temperature, or growth condition of the experiment. The average site densities for the four discrete sites are 1.1 +/- 0.7 X 10(-4), 9.1 +/- 3.8 x 10(-5), 5.3 +/- 2.1 X 10(-5), and 6.6 +/- 3.0 X 10(-5) moles/wet gram bacteria for the sites with pK(a). values of 3.1, 4.7, 6.6, and 9.0, respectively. It is our hope that this thermodynamic framework for modeling bacteria-proton binding reactions will also provide the basis for the development of an internally consistent set of bacteria-metal binding constants. 'Universal' constants for bacteria-metal binding reactions can then be used in conjunction with equilibrium constants for other important metal adsorption and complexation reactions to calculate the overall distribution of metals in realistic geologic systems. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Borrok, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dborrok@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PY 2005 VL 305 IS 6-8 SI SI BP 826 EP 853 DI 10.2475/ajs.305.6-8.826 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 003CP UT WOS:000234659500018 ER PT J AU Salo, LF McPherson, GR Williams, DG AF Salo, LF McPherson, GR Williams, DG TI Sonoran desert winter annuals affected by density of red brome and soil nitrogen SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Midwest Ecology and Evolution Conference CY MAR 05-07, 2004 CL Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN HO Univ Notre Dame ID SEMIARID SAGEBRUSH SITE; ANNUAL PLANTS; MOJAVE DESERT; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SOUTHERN NEVADA; COMPETITION; PRODUCTIVITY; POPULATION AB Red brome [Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens (L.) Husn.] is a Mediterranean winter annual grass that has invaded Southwestern USA deserts. This study evaluated interactions among 13 Sonoran Desert annual species at four densities of red brome from 0 to the equivalent of 1200 plants m(-2). We examined these interactions at low (3 mug) and high (537 mug NO(3)(-) g soil(-1)) nitrogen (N) to evaluate the relative effects of soil N level On survival and growth of native annuals and red brome. Red brome did not affect. emergence or survival of native annuals, but significantly reduced growth of natives, raising concerns about effects of this exotic grass on the fecundity of these species. Differences in growth of red brome and of the three dominant non nitrogen-fixing native annuals at the two levels of soil N were similar. Total species biomass of red brome was reduced by 83% at low, compared to high, N levels, whereas that of the three native species was reduced by from 42 to 95%. Mean individual biomass of red brome was reduced by 87% at low, compared to high, N levels, whereas that of the three native species vas reduced by from 72 to 89%. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Salo, LF (reprint author), USGS, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM csalo@usgs.gov RI Williams, David/A-6407-2014 OI Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260 NR 56 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 153 IS 1 BP 95 EP 109 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)153[0095:SDWAAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886SE UT WOS:000226247900011 ER PT J AU Beasley, VR Faeh, SA Wikoff, B Staehle, C Eisold, J Nichols, D Cole, R Schotthoefer, AM Greenwell, M Brown, LE AF Beasley, Val R. Faeh, Sandra A. Wikoff, Brigit Staehle, Craig Eisold, Joyce Nichols, Donald Cole, Rebecca Schotthoefer, Anna M. Greenwell, Martin Brown, Lauren E. BE Lannoo, M TI Risk Factors and Declines in Northern Cricket Frogs (Acris crepitans) SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Beasley, Val R.; Faeh, Sandra A.; Wikoff, Brigit; Staehle, Craig; Eisold, Joyce] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Brown, Lauren E.] Illinois State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61761 USA. [Cole, Rebecca] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Greenwell, Martin] John G Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL USA. [Nichols, Donald] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Schotthoefer, Anna M.] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Beasley, VR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 75 EP 86 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400014 ER PT J AU Bridges, CM Semlitsch, RD AF Bridges, Christine M. Semlitsch, Raymond D. BE Lannoo, M TI Xenobiotics SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bridges, Christine M.] USGS Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Semlitsch, Raymond D.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bridges, CM (reprint author), USGS Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. OI Semlitsch, Raymond/0000-0002-7999-5762 NR 0 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 89 EP 92 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400016 ER PT J AU Bridges, CM Semlitsch, RD AF Bridges, Christine M. Semlitsch, Raymond D. BE Lannoo, M TI Variation in Pesticide Tolerance SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bridges, Christine M.] USGS Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Semlitsch, Raymond D.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bridges, CM (reprint author), USGS Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. OI Semlitsch, Raymond/0000-0002-7999-5762 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 93 EP 95 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400017 ER PT B AU Koch, ED Peterson, CR AF Koch, Edward D. Peterson, Charles R. BE Lannoo, M TI Amphibian Conservation Needs SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Koch, Edward D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Snake River Field Off, Boise, ID USA. [Peterson, Charles R.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Peterson, Charles R.] Idaho State Univ, Idaho Museum Nat Hist, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Koch, ED (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Snake River Field Off, Boise, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 168 EP 176 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400025 ER PT J AU Naugle, DE Higgins, KF Johnson, RR Fischer, TD Quamen, FR AF Naugle, David E. Higgins, Kenneth F. Johnson, Rex R. Fischer, Tate D. Quamen, Frank R. BE Lannoo, M TI Landscape Ecology SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Naugle, David E.; Quamen, Frank R.] Univ Montana, Fish & Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Fischer, Tate D.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Fischer, Tate D.] Chippewa Natl Forest, AFMO Fuels, Walker, MN USA. [Higgins, Kenneth F.] S Dakota State Univ, USGS, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Higgins, Kenneth F.] S Dakota State Univ, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Johnson, Rex R.] USFWS Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Fergus Falls, MN USA. RP Naugle, DE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Fish & Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 185 EP 192 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400027 ER PT J AU Carey, C Corn, PS Jones, MS Livo, LJ Muths, E Loeffler, CW AF Carey, Cynthia Corn, Paul Stephen Jones, Mark S. Livo, Lauren J. Muths, Erin Loeffler, Charles W. BE Lannoo, M TI Factors Limiting the Recovery of Boreal Toads (Bufo b. boreas) SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Carey, Cynthia; Livo, Lauren J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Corn, Paul Stephen] USGS Aldo Leopold Wildlife Res Inst, Missoula Field Stn, Missoula, MT USA. [Jones, Mark S.; Livo, Lauren J.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Loeffler, Charles W.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Species Conservat Sect, Denver, CO USA. [Muths, Erin] Ft Collins Sci Ctr, USGS Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Carey, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 222 EP 236 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400032 ER PT J AU Semlitsch, RD Bridges, CM AF Semlitsch, Raymond D. Bridges, Christine M. BE Lannoo, M TI Amphibian Ecotoxicology SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Semlitsch, Raymond D.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Bridges, Christine M.] USGS Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. RP Semlitsch, RD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. OI Semlitsch, Raymond/0000-0002-7999-5762 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 241 EP 243 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400034 ER PT J AU Dodd, CK AF Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. BE Lannoo, M TI Population Manipulations SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USGS Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Dodd, CK (reprint author), USGS Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400038 ER PT J AU Naugle, DE Fischer, TD Higgins, KF Backlund, DC AF Naugle, David E. Fischer, Tate D. Higgins, Kenneth F. Backlund, Douglas C. BE Lannoo, M TI Distribution of South Dakota Anurans SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Naugle, David E.] Univ Montana, Fish & Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Backlund, Douglas C.] S Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, S Dakota Nat Heritage Program, Pierre, SD USA. [Fischer, Tate D.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Fischer, Tate D.] Chippewa Natl Forest, AFMO Fuels, Walker, MN USA. [Higgins, Kenneth F.] S Dakota State Univ, USGS, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Higgins, Kenneth F.] S Dakota State Univ, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Naugle, DE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Fish & Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 283 EP 291 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400042 ER PT J AU Hyde, EJ Simons, TR AF Hyde, Erin J. Simons, Theodore R. BE Lannoo, M TI Monitoring Salamander Populations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hyde, Erin J.; Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hyde, Erin J.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr Corvallis, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Hyde, EJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 300 EP 306 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400045 ER PT J AU Weir, LA Mossman, MJ AF Weir, Linda A. Mossman, Michael J. BE Lannoo, M TI North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP) SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weir, Linda A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Weir, Linda A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, Grad Program Sustainable Dev & Conservat Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mossman, Michael J.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Monona, WI USA. RP Weir, LA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. NR 0 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 307 EP 313 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400046 ER PT J AU Droege, S Eagle, P AF Droege, Sam Eagle, Paige BE Lannoo, M TI Evaluating Calling Surveys SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Droege, Sam; Eagle, Paige] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Droege, S (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 314 EP 319 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400047 ER PT J AU Lannoo, M Gallant, AL Nanjappa, P Blackburn, L Hendricks, R AF Lannoo, Michael Gallant, Alisa L. Nanjappa, Priya Blackburn, Laura Hendricks, Russell BE Lannoo, M TI AMPHIBIAN DECLINES THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES Introduction SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lannoo, Michael] Ball State Univ, Muncie Ctr Med Educ, Indiana Univ Sch Med, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [Blackburn, Laura] Great Lakes Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Gallant, Alisa L.] USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Nanjappa, Priya] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Lannoo, M (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Muncie Ctr Med Educ, Indiana Univ Sch Med, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 351 EP 366 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400054 ER PT J AU Adams, MJ AF Adams, Michael J. BE Lannoo, M TI Family Ascaphidae Ascaphus montanus Nielson, Lohman, and Sullivan, 2001 MONTANA (ROCKY MOUNTAIN) TAILED FROG SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Adams, MJ (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 382 EP 384 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400055 ER PT J AU Fouquette, MJ Painter, CW Nanjappa, P AF Fouquette, M. J., Jr. Painter, Charles W. Nanjappa, Priya BE Lannoo, M TI Family Bufonidae Bufo alvarius Girard, 1859 COLORADO RIVER TOAD SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Fouquette, M. J., Jr.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Nanjappa, Priya] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Painter, Charles W.] New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Endangered Species Program, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Fouquette, MJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 384 EP 440 PG 57 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400056 ER PT J AU Lannoo, MJ Nanjappa, P AF Lannoo, Michael J. Nanjappa, Priya BE Lannoo, M TI Family Dendrobatidae Dendrobates auratus Girard, 1855 GREEN AND BLACK DART-POISON FROG SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lannoo, Michael J.] Ball State Univ, Muncie Ctr Med Educ, Indiana Univ Sch Med, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [Nanjappa, Priya] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Lannoo, MJ (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Muncie Ctr Med Educ, Indiana Univ Sch Med, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 440 EP 441 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400057 ER PT J AU Schwalbe, CR Goldberg, CS AF Schwalbe, Cecil R. Goldberg, Caren S. BE Lannoo, M TI Family Leptodactylidae Eleutherodactylus augusti (Duges, 1879) BARKING FROG SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schwalbe, Cecil R.] Univ Arizona, USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sonoran Desert Field Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Schwalbe, CR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sonoran Desert Field Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Goldberg, Caren/B-4075-2015 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 491 EP 501 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400059 ER PT J AU Morey, SR AF Morey, Steven R. BE Lannoo, M TI Family Pelobatidae Scaphiopus couchii Baird, 1854(b) COUCH'S SPADEFOOT SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97266 USA. RP Morey, SR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97266 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 508 EP 522 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400061 ER PT J AU Crayon, JJ AF Crayon, John J. BE Lannoo, M TI Family Pipidae Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802) AFRICAN CLAWED FROG SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Crayon, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 522 EP 526 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400062 ER PT J AU Parris, MJ Redmer, M AF Parris, Matthew J. Redmer, Michael BE Lannoo, M TI Family Ranidae Rana areolata Baird and Girard, 1852(a) CRAWFISH FROG SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Parris, Matthew J.] Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Redmer, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chicago Field Off, Barrington, IL USA. RP Parris, MJ (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 526 EP 599 PG 74 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400063 ER PT J AU Johnson, SA Owen, RB AF Johnson, Steve A. Owen, Richard B. BE Lannoo, M TI Family Amphiumidae Amphiuma means Garden, 1821 TWO-TOED AMPHIUMA SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Johnson, Steve A.] USGS Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Johnson, Steve A.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Plant City, FL USA. [Owen, Richard B.] Florida Dept Environm Protect, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL USA. RP Johnson, SA (reprint author), USGS Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. OI Johnson, Steve/0000-0001-9256-4505 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 642 EP 648 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400066 ER PT J AU Lohman, K Bury, RB AF Lohman, Kirk Bury, R. Bruce BE Lannoo, M TI Family Dicamptodontidae Dicamptodon aterrimus (Cope, 1867) IDAHO GIANT SALAMANDER SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINES: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNITED STATES SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lohman, Kirk] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Bury, R. Bruce] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Lohman, K (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-92943-2 PY 2005 BP 651 EP 656 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BXA51 UT WOS:000295537400068 ER PT S AU Walder, JS Trabant, DC Cunico, M Anderson, SP Anderson, RS Fountain, AG Malm, A AF Walder, JS Trabant, DC Cunico, M Anderson, SP Anderson, RS Fountain, AG Malm, A BE MacAyeal, DR TI Fault-dominated deformation in an ice dam during annual filling and drainage of a marginal lake SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 40, 2005 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ice and Water Interactions CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Portland State Univ, Portland, OR HO Portland State Univ ID GLACIER; JOKULHLAUPS; ALASKA AB Ice-dammed Hidden Creek Lake, Alaska, USA, outbursts annually in about 2-3 days. As the lake fills, a wedge of water penetrates beneath the glacier, and the surface of this 'ice dam' rises; the surface then falls as the lake drains. Detailed optical surveying of the glacier near the lake allows characterization of ice-dam deformation. Surface uplift rate is close to the rate of lake-level rise within about 400 m of the lake, then decreases by 90% over about 100 m. Such a steep gradient in uplift rate cannot be explained in terms of ice-dam flexure. Moreover, survey targets spanning the zone of steep uplift gradient move relative to one another in a nearly reversible fashion as the lake fills and drains. Evidently, the zone of steep uplift gradient is a fault zone, with the faults penetrating the entire thickness of the ice dam. Fault motion is in a reverse sense as the lake fills, but in a normal sense as the lake drains. As the overall fault pattern is the same from year to year, even though ice is lost by calving, the faults must be regularly regenerated, probably by linkage of surface and bottom crevasses as ice is advected toward the lake basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. St Olaf Coll, Dept Phys, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. RP Walder, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jswalder@usgs.gov RI Anderson, Suzanne/F-4039-2014 OI Anderson, Suzanne/0000-0002-6796-6649 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-35-0 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2005 VL 40 BP 174 EP 178 DI 10.3189/172756405781813456 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BDX18 UT WOS:000235930300030 ER PT S AU Anderson, RS Walder, JS Anderson, SP Trabant, DC Fountain, AG AF Anderson, RS Walder, JS Anderson, SP Trabant, DC Fountain, AG BE MacAyeal, DR TI The dynamic response of Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, USA, to the Hidden Creek Lake outburst flood SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 40, 2005 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ice and Water Interactions CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Portland State Univ, Portland, OR HO Portland State Univ ID SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM; WATER-PRESSURE; SWITZERLAND; VELOCITY; MOTION; STORGLACIAREN; DAROLLA; SWEDEN AB Glacier sliding is commonly linked with elevated water pressure at the glacier bed. ice surface motion during a 3 week period encompassing an outburst of ice-dammed Hidden Creek Lake (HCL) at Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, USA, showed enhanced sliding during the flood. Two stakes, 1.2 km from HCL, revealed increased speed in two episodes, both associated with uplift of the ice surface relative to the trajectory of bed-parallel motion. Uplift of the surface began 12 days before the flood, initially stabilizing at a value of 0.25 m. Two days after lake drainage began, further uplift (reaching 0.4 m) occurred while surface speed peaked at 1.2 m d(-1). Maximum surface uplift coincided with peak discharge from HCL, high water level in a down-glacier ice-marginal basin, and low solute concentrations in the Kennicott River. Each of these records is consistent with high subglacial water pressure. We interpret the ice surface motion as arising from sliding up backs of bumps on the bed, which enlarges cavities and produces bed separation. The outburst increased water pressure over a broad region, promoting sliding, inhibiting cavity closure, and blocking drainage of solute-rich water from the distributed system. Pressure drop upon termination of the outburst drained water from and depressurized the distributed system, reducing sliding speeds. Expanded cavities then collapsed with a 1 day time-scale set by the local ice thickness. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Anderson, RS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM andersrs@colorado.edu RI Anderson, Suzanne/F-4039-2014 OI Anderson, Suzanne/0000-0002-6796-6649 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-35-0 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2005 VL 40 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.3189/172756405781813438 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BDX18 UT WOS:000235930300041 ER PT J AU Nimmo, F Tanaka, K AF Nimmo, F Tanaka, K TI Early crustal evolution of mars SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES SE Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE gravity; topography; magnetism; geology; comparative planetology ID MARTIAN HEMISPHERIC DICHOTOMY; EARLY PLATE-TECTONICS; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; ART. NO. 5054; MAGNETIC-FIELD; THERMAL EVOLUTION; SNC METEORITES; MANTLE CONVECTION; NORTHERN PLAINS; LANDING SITE AB The bulk of the similar to 50-km-thick Martian crust formed at similar to 4.5 Gyr B.P., perhaps from a magma ocean. This crust is probably a basaltic andesite or andesite and is enriched in incompatible and heat-producing elements. Later additions of denser basalt to the crust were volumetrically minor, but resurfaced significant portions of the Northern hemisphere. A significant fraction of the total thickness of the crust was magnetized prior to 4 Gyr B.P., with the magnetization later selectively removed by large impacts. Early large impacts also modified the hemispheric contrast in crustal thickness (the dichotomy), which was possibly caused by long-wavelength mantle convection. Subsequent Noachian modification of the crust included further impacts, significant fluvial erosion, and volcanism associated with the formation of the Tharsis rise. Remaining outstanding questions include the origin of the dichotomy and the nature of the magnetic anomalies. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM nimmo@ess.ucla.edu; ktanaka@usgs.gov NR 162 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 6 U2 41 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2005 VL 33 BP 133 EP 161 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122637 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 936FK UT WOS:000229840700005 ER PT J AU McNutt, SR AF McNutt, SR TI Volcanic seismology SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES SE Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE volcanic tremor; triggered seismicity; b-value anomalies; low-frequency events; very-long-period events ID FREQUENCY-MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION; MOUNT ST-HELENS; SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; BAND SEISMIC OBSERVATIONS; FAULT-PLANE SOLUTIONS; KATMAI NATIONAL-PARK; KILAUEA-VOLCANO; B-VALUES; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; ARENAL VOLCANO AB Recent developments in volcanic seismology include new techniques to improve earthquake locations that have changed clouds of earthquakes to lines (faults) for high-frequency events and small volumes for low-frequency (LF) events. Spatial mapping of the b-value shows regions of normal b and high b anomalies at depths of 3-4 and 7-10 km. Increases in b precede some eruptions. LF events and very-long-period (VLP) events have been recorded at many volcanoes, and models are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Deep long-period (LP) events are fairly common, but may represent several processes. Acoustic sensors have greatly improved the study of volcanic explosions. Volcanic tremor is stronger for fissure eruptions, phreatic eruptions, and higher gas contents. Path and site effects can be extreme at volcanoes. Seismicity at volcanoes is triggered by large earthquakes, although mechanisms are still uncertain. A number of volcanoes have significant deformation with very little seismicity. Tomography has benefited from improved techniques and better instrumental arrays. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM steve@giseis.alaska.edu NR 127 TC 136 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 28 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2005 VL 33 BP 461 EP 491 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122459 PG 35 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 936FK UT WOS:000229840700017 ER PT S AU DeAngelis, DL Mooij, WM AF DeAngelis, DL Mooij, WM TI Individual-based modeling of ecological and evolutionary processes SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS SE Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE phenotypic variation; spatially explicit; size dependent; learning; emergent properties ID IDEAL FREE DISTRIBUTIONS; PREDATOR-PREY DYNAMICS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT; PATTERN-FORMATION; SIMULATION-MODEL; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; ORIENTED SIMULATION; ANIMAL MOVEMENTS; COMPUTER-MODEL AB Individual-based models (IBMs) allow the explicit inclusion of individual variation in greater detail than do classical differential-equation and difference-equation models. Inclusion of such variation is important for continued progress in ecological and evolutionary theory. We provide a conceptual basis for IBMs by describing five major types of individual variation in IBMs: spatial, ontogenetic, phenotypic, cognitive, and genetic. IBMs are now used in almost all subfields of ecology and evolutionary biology. We map those subfields and look more closely at selected key papers on fish recruitment, forest dynamics, sympatric speciation, metapopulation dynamics, maintenance of diversity, and species conservation. Theorists are currently divided on whether IBMs represent only a practical tool for extending classical theory to more complex situations, or whether individual-based theory represents a radically new research program. We feel that the tension between these two poles of thinking can be a source of creativity in ecology and evolutionary theory. C1 Univ Miami, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, USGS, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Netherlands Inst Ecol, Ctr Limnol, Nieuwersluis, Netherlands. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, USGS, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu; w.mooij@nioo.knaw.nl RI Mooij, Wolf/C-2677-2008 OI Mooij, Wolf/0000-0001-5586-8200 NR 146 TC 267 Z9 278 U1 10 U2 149 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-592X BN 978-0-8243-1436-1 J9 ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S JI Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. PY 2005 VL 36 BP 147 EP 168 DI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102003.152644 PG 24 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 003LY UT WOS:000234684900007 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Fey, DL Holmes, CW Lasorsa, BK AF Gray, JE Fey, DL Holmes, CW Lasorsa, BK TI Historical deposition and fluxes of mercury in Narraguinnep Reservoir, southwestern Colorado, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; UNITED-STATES; AREAS; CALIFORNIA; TRENDS; LEAD; SULFATE; SYSTEMS; SULFUR AB Narraguinnep Reservoir has been identified as containing fish with elevated Hg concentrations and has been posted with an advisory recommending against consumption of fish. There are presently no point sources of significant Hg contamination to this reservoir or its supply waters. To evaluate potential historical Hg sources and deposition of Hg to Narraguinnep Reservoir, the authors measured Hg concentrations in sediment cores collected from this reservoir. The cores were dated by the (137)Cs method and these dates were further refined by relating water supply basin hydrological records with core sedimentology. Rates of historical Hg flux were calculated (ng/cm(2)/a) based on the Hg concentrations in the cores, sediment bulk densities, and sedimentation rates. The flux of Hg found in Narraguinnep Reservoir increased by approximately a factor of 2 after about 1970. The 3 most likely sources of He to Narraguinnep Reservoir are surrounding bedrocks, upstream inactive Au-Ag mines. and several coal-fired electric power plants in the Four Corners region. Patterns of Hg flux do not support dominant Hg derivation from surrounding bedrocks or upstream mining sources. There are 14 coal-fired power plants within 320 km of Narraguinnep Reservoir that produce over 80 x 10(6) MWH of power and about 16,40 kg-Hg/a are released through stack emissions. contributing significant Hg to the surrounding environment. Two of the largest power plants. located within 80 km of the reservoir, emit about 950 kg-Hg/a. Spatial and temporal patterns of Hg fluxes for sediment cores collected from Narraguinnep Reservoir suggest that the most likely source of Hg to this reservoir is from atmospheric emissions from the coal-fired electric power plants, the largest of which began operation in this region in the late-1960s and early 1970s. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jgray@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 207 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.05.011 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 887NF UT WOS:000226312100015 ER PT J AU Bart, J AF Bart, J TI Monitoring the abundance of bird populations SO AUK LA English DT Article ID TRENDS; DENSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; CONSERVATION; SHOREBIRDS C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Bart, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM jon_bart@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2005 VL 122 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0015:MTAOBP]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 934LW UT WOS:000229711300002 ER PT J AU Conway, CJ Gibbs, JP AF Conway, CJ Gibbs, JP TI Effectiveness of call-broadcast surveys for monitoring marsh birds SO AUK LA English DT Article DE call-broadcast surveys; detection probability; marsh birds; monitoring; point-count surveys; rails; wetlands ID DETECTION PROBABILITIES; RECORDED CALLS; CONSERVATION; WATERBIRDS; ABUNDANCE; RAILS AB Many species of marsh birds (e.g. rails and bitterns) are believed to be declining in North America, yet we lack an effective monitoring program to estimate their population trends. Broadcast of prerecorded calls to elicit vocalizations is a commonly used method in surveys of marsh birds, but whether gains in detection and index precision outweigh the drawbacks of call-broadcast is unclear. To evaluate the effectiveness of call-broadcast surveys, we pooled marsh-bird survey data from 8,047 point-count surveys contributed by 11 cooperators and compared numbers of birds detected and variation in numbers detected between call-broadcast and passive surveys. For most rails (particularly Virginia Rails [Rallus limicola]), call-broadcast surveys were effective at increasing the detection probability (e.g. average number of Virginia Rails detected per occupied point was 1.25 for call-broadcast surveys and 0.17 for passive surveys). The proportion of points at which no birds were detected was high for all species (range 74-99%) and was slightly lower on call-broadcast surveys as compared with passive surveys. Coefficient of variation (CV) among replicate surveys was higher for passive surveys, particularly for rails (average CV in number of birds detected per point was 209% for passive Surveys and 189% for call-broadcast surveys). On the basis of those results, we recommend a marsh-bird monitoring protocol that includes an initial passive period followed by a period of call-broadcast to provide survey data that incorporate the benefits while avoiding the drawbacks of call-broadcast. We also recommend separating both the passive and the call-broadcast periods into 1-min subsegments that will allow estimates of components of detection probability within the monitoring effort. C1 Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. SUNY Syracuse, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Conway, CJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cconwav@ag.arizona.edu NR 40 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2005 VL 122 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0026:EOCSFM]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 934LW UT WOS:000229711300003 ER PT J AU Dunn, EH Francis, CM Blancher, PJ Drennan, SR Howe, MA Lepage, D Robbins, CS Rosenberg, KV Sauer, JR Smith, AG AF Dunn, EH Francis, CM Blancher, PJ Drennan, SR Howe, MA Lepage, D Robbins, CS Rosenberg, KV Sauer, JR Smith, AG TI Enhancing the scientific value of The Christmas Bird Count SO AUK LA English DT Article ID SHARP-SHINNED HAWKS; WINTER ABUNDANCE; NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATIONS; CHICKADEE; DECLINE; TRENDS; JAYS C1 Carleton Univ, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. Bird Studies Canada, Pt Rowan, ON N0E 1M0, Canada. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Dunn, EH (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. EM Erica.Dunn@ec.gc.ca NR 50 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2005 VL 122 IS 1 BP 338 EP 346 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0338:ETSVOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 934LW UT WOS:000229711300028 ER PT J AU Jones, SL AF Jones, SL TI In memoriam: George William Salt, 1919-1999 SO AUK LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Nongame Migratory Birds, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Jones, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Nongame Migratory Birds, POB 25486 DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2005 VL 122 IS 1 BP 354 EP 354 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0354:IMGWS]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 934LW UT WOS:000229711300034 ER PT S AU Fitzenz, DD Jalobeanu, A Hickman, SH Sleep, N AF Fitzenz, DD Jalobeanu, A Hickman, SH Sleep, N BE Knuth, KH Abbas, AE Morris, RD Castle, JP TI Integrating laboratory compaction data with numerical fault models: a Bayesian framework SO Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering CY AUG 07-12, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP ET Jaynes Fdn, San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Int Soc Bayesian Anal, World Year Phys 2005 DE Bayesian inference; marginalization; rock physics; fault modeling ID PRESSURE SOLUTION; QUARTZ SAND; STRESS; TEMPERATURE AB When analyzing rock deformation experimental data, one deals with both uncertainty and complexity. Though each part of the problem might be simple, the relationships between them can form a complex system. This often leads to partial or only qualitative data analyses from the experimental rock mechanics community, which limits the impact of these studies in other communities (e.g., modelling). However, it is a perfect case study for graphical models. We present here a Bayesian framework that can be used both to infer the parameters of a constitutive model from rock compaction data, and to simulate porosity reduction within direct fault models from a known (e.g. lab-derived) constitutive relationship, while keeping track of all the uncertainties. This latter step is crucial if we are to go toward process-based seismic hazard assessment. Indeed, the rate of effective stress build-up 1 (namely due to fault compaction) as well as the recovery of fault strength determine how long it will take for different parts of the previously ruptured fault to reach failure again, thus controlling both the timing and the size of the next rupture. But deterministic models need to rigorously incorporate uncertainties it they are to be useful in creating probabilistic assessments of seismic hazard. It is therefore important to work within a framework able to assess model validity as well as use data uncertainties. Our approach involves a hierarchical inference scheme using several steps of marginalization. Existing experimental data are rarely adequate to completely define a single constitutive relationship for given physical fault material parameters over temperature and effective confining pressures of relevance to actual fault zones. We therefore focus on one rather general, though experimentally derived, compaction law to illustrate how applying the proposed inference scheme on simulated data can help design compaction experiments to provide better constraints on creep parameters. C1 USGS, EHZ Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fitzenz, DD (reprint author), USGS, EHZ Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0292-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 803 BP 483 EP 490 PG 8 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA BDP78 UT WOS:000234828300054 ER PT J AU Johnson, DH AF Johnson, DH TI What hypothesis tests are not: a response to Colegrave and Ruxton SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID POWER CALCULATIONS C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Johnson, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 323 EP 324 DI 10.1093/beheco/arh142 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 878RI UT WOS:000225663900047 ER PT S AU Gardner, JV Mayer, LA AF Gardner, JV Mayer, LA BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Benthic habitat mapping with advanced technologies and their application SO Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gardner, JV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 41 BP 139 EP 140 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900010 ER PT S AU Cochrane, GR Butler, JL Davis, GE AF Cochrane, GR Butler, JL Davis, GE BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Refining estimates of potential white abalone habitat at northern Anacapa Island, California using acoustic backscatter data SO BENTHIC HABITATS AND THE EFFECTS OF FISHING SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB Acoustic backscatter data provides exceptional detail of rocky seafloor habitat on the continental shelf north of Anacapa Island off Southern California. In the depth range of 25-65 m, there are approximately 60 ha of rocky bottom which may be suitable for abalone Haliotis spp. The distribution of rocky bottom is divided into two separate areas on the northeastern and northwestern sides of the island, which are separated by a central area of predominantly sandy bottom. The northeastern area has a far greater area of rocky bottom. When habitat estimation is restricted to the perimeter of rocky areas, the difference in habitat area between the east and west lessens. The northeastern area may be more attractive for seeding of white abalone Haliotis sorenseni because it has more rocky bottom and recently has been designated as a marine reserve with no fishing, whereas the northwestern area is now a marine conservation area with limited fishing. This methodology will help locate sites for planting of captive-bred white abalone as part of the white abalone restoration project if numerous other requirements for the abalone, such as food sources, are mapped also. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM gcochrane@usgs.gov; John.Butler@noaa.gov; gary_davis@nps.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2005 VL 41 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900013 ER PT S AU Barnes, PW Fleischer, GW Gardner, JV Lee, KM AF Barnes, PW Fleischer, GW Gardner, JV Lee, KM BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Using laser technology to characterize substrate morphology and geology of selected lake trout spawning habitat in northern Lake Michigan SO Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB As part of a strategy to reestablish native stocks of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, six areas of offshore and coastal Lake Michigan benthic habitat were mapped with a bathymetric laser system. This allowed us to visualize and map morphologic detail by at least an order of magnitude over existing data. Decimeter elevation-bathymetric data, referenced to the International Great Lakes datum of 1985, were obtained on a 4-m grid over a total area of about 200 km(2) in water depths from 0 to 30 in. Based on the laser-derived morphology, regional geology and sparse samples, three geologic regimes were used for substrate-habitat classification: (1) bedrock carbonates of Silurian through Devonian age, indicated by bedding scarps and lineations at or near the surface at all of the mapped areas; (2) glacial deposits that appear as compacted clay till lineations and cobble and boulder moraines with outwash features; and (3) modern sand deposits seen in thin down-drift (to the east) bedforms, sand sheets, and depositional lobes. Preferred spawning substrate-clean cobble and gravel deposits with adjacent deep water-is present in sections of all mapped areas. However, laser data cannot discern cleanliness, and video data indicate the cleanliness on this substrate may be compromised by recent algal and mussel growth. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Barnes, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 41 BP 165 EP 169 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900014 ER PT S AU Valentine, PC Todd, BJ Kostylev, VE AF Valentine, PC Todd, BJ Kostylev, VE BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Classification of marine sublittoral habitats, with application to the northeastern North America region SO Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB Habitats are defined as spatially recognizable areas where the physical, chemical, and biological environment is distinctly different from surrounding environments. A habitat can be delimited as narrowly or as broadly as the data and purpose permit, and this flexibility of scale influences the development of habitat classification schemes. Recent habitat classifications focus on a wide range of habitats that occur in European, American, and worldwide seafloor environments. The proposed classification of marine sublittoral habitats is based on recent studies in the American and Canadian parts of northeastern North America using multibeam and side-scan sonar surveys, video and photographic transects, and sediment and biological sampling. A guiding principle in this approach to habitat classification is that it will be useful to scientists and managers of fisheries and the environment. The goal is to develop a practical method to characterize the marine sublittoral (chiefly the subtidal continental shelf and shelf basin) habitats in terms of (1) their topographical, geological, biological, and oceanographical attributes and (2) the natural and anthropogenic processes that affect the habitats. The classification recognizes eight seabed themes (informal units) as the major subject elements of the classification. They are seabed topography, dynamics, texture, grain size, roughness, fauna and flora, habitat association and usage, and habitat recovery from disturbance. Themes include one or many classes of habitat characteristics related to seabed features, fauna and flora, and processes that we view as fundamental for recognizing and analyzing habitats. Within the classes, a sequence of subclasses, categories, and attributes addresses habitat characteristics with increasing detail. Much of the classification is broadly applicable worldwide (excluding some low-latitude environments), but faunal and floral examples are representative of the northeastern North America region. In naming habitats, the classification emphasizes seabed substrate dynamics, substrate type, and seabed physical and biological complexity. The classification can accommodate new classes, subclasses, categories, and attributes, and it can easily be modified or expanded to address habitats of other regions. It serves as a template for a database that will provide a basis for organizing and comparing habitat information and for recognizing regional habitat types. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Valentine, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 6 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 41 BP 183 EP 200 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900017 ER PT S AU Field, ME AF Field, ME BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Living with change: Response of the seafloor to natural events SO Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB Natural events are critical factors in determining the character of benthic habitats. All of the characteristics that we identify in habitats are shaped by continuous, chronic processes or by intermittent, more intense processes ("events"), and to a lesser degree, by rare, extreme events. Particle size and sorting, chemical alterations, oxygen and organic carbon content, and many more properties are a time-averaged response to floods, waves, currents, seepage, and numerous other processes. Disturbances that occur on an intermediate scale (in frequency or relative intensity) are recognized by some as a major contributor to community diversity. Disturbances that occur on extreme scales generally do not have a lasting deleterious effect. The greatest potential for negative impacts to habitats occurs when there is an increase in the intensity or frequency of a process, and this includes many human-induced activities. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Field, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 41 BP 215 EP 218 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900018 ER PT S AU Carlson, PR Hooge, PN Cochrane, GR AF Carlson, PR Hooge, PN Cochrane, GR BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Discovery of 100-160-year-old iceberg gouges and their relation to halibut habitat in Glacier Bay, Alaska SO Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB Side-scan sonar and multibeam imagery of Glacier Bay, Alaska, revealed complex iceberg gouge patterns at water depths to 135 in on the floor of Whidbey Passage and south to the bay entrance. These previously undiscovered gouges likely formed more than 100 years ago as the glacier retreated rapidly up Glacier Bay. Gouged areas free of fine sediment supported greater biodiversity of Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis than nearby sediment-filled gouges, probably due to increased habitat complexity. Small Pacific halibut were found more frequently in sediment-free gouged areas, presumably due to higher prey abundance. In contrast, large Pacific halibut were found more frequently on soft substrates such as sediment-filled gouges, where they could bury themselves and ambush prey. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Carlson, PR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 41 BP 235 EP 243 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900020 ER PT S AU Scanlon, KM Coleman, FC Koenig, CC AF Scanlon, KM Coleman, FC Koenig, CC BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Pockmarks on the outer shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Gas-release features or habitat modifications by fish? SO Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB Side-scan sonar and multibeam data and video observations from six outer continental shelf sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico reveal evidence of three distinct types of seafloor pockmarks. Two sites in the northwestern Gulf (Flower Garden Banks and the Pinnacles area off Mississippi and Alabama) have large-diameter (up to 65 m) pockmarks that are probably generated by the seepage of gas through the sediments. Three sites (Madison-Swanson, Twin Ridges, and an area north of Steamboat Lumps) have small-diameter (less than 2 m) pockmarks that occur in fine-grained sediments at water depths greater than about 100 m. These may be attributed to excavation by fish and other animals. The sixth site, Steamboat Lumps, has medium-diameter (5-25 m) pockmarks in sand with loose cobble-sized to boulder-sized rocks. Red grouper Epinephelus morio are associated with these pockmarks and appear to be maintaining and excavating them. Because this area may have experienced freshwater seeps in the past, the pockmarks may be the result of a combination of water seepage followed by fish excavation. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Scanlon, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 41 BP 301 EP 312 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900025 ER PT S AU Anderson, TJ Yoklavich, MM Eittreim, SL AF Anderson, TJ Yoklavich, MM Eittreim, SL BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Linking fine-scale groundfish distributions with large-scale seafloor maps: Issues and challenges of combining biological and geological data SO Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB Groundfishes are an important fishery resource on the West Coast of the United States, but their population sizes have undergone dramatic declines in recent years. A number of areabased management and assessment strategies have been suggested to help rebuild and monitor these populations. Most groundfish species have strong affinities with specific substratum types, resulting in spatially patchy distributions. Hence, incorporating information on the types and amounts of seafloor substrata present (i.e., habitat availability) into sample design and biomass assessment of groundfish populations could increase the precision and accuracy of fish density and, consequently, population abundance estimates. The success of using habitat availability as a proxy for fish abundance, however, is contingent on the ability to identify those measurable habitat characteristics (e.g., substratum type, depth, relief, etc.) that fish respond to, precisely estimating fish densities within those habitats, and accurately characterizing and delineating these same characteristics across large areas (i.e., seafloor substratum maps). Characterizing seafloor substratum over a large area is not an exact process, but rather, it commonly uses remotely collected information (e.g., acoustic data, sediment samples, and local geology) to infer the seafloor characteristics. As a consequence, combining estimates of fine-scale fish density per unit area of habitat and the amount of each habitat type to generate a population abundance estimate will reflect the combination of the uncertainty and error in both estimates. If sampling uncertainty or error is large for either estimate (error and uncertainty around the largest mean will be the most critical), then the final population abundance estimate might be of little use to managers. We examine a case study in which an in situ groundfish survey, conducted in an area where a detailed seafloor substratum map was available, suggested that maps-even with suboptimal resolution could be used to increase precision in estimates of fish density. In considering the issues and challenges encountered in linking geological and biological data, it is vital to determine the level of resolution required in the seafloor substratum map, which will depend on the degree of habitat specificity to which the organism responds. Further considerations include whether the mapping technology and methodology can achieve this level of resolution and, finally, whether this sampling approach is cost effective. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Anderson, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 41 BP 667 EP 678 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900048 ER PT J AU Burns, DA Murdoch, PS AF Burns, DA Murdoch, PS TI Effects of a clearcut on the net rates of nitrification and N mineralization in a northern hardwood forest, Catskill Mountains, New York, USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE clearcut; N deposition; N mineralization; nitrate; nitrification; northern hardwood forest ID BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; HUBBARD-BROOK; SOIL-NITROGEN; HETEROTROPHIC NITRIFICATION; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ROOT DECOMPOSITION; NITRATE LOSSES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; AVAILABILITY; TEMPERATURE AB The Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York receive among the highest rates of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in eastern North America, and ecosystems in the region may be sensitive to human disturbances that affect the N cycle. We studied the effects of a clearcut in a northern hardwood forest within a 24-ha Catskill watershed on the net rates of N mineralization and nitrification in soil plots during 6 years ( 1994 - 1999) that encompassed 3-year pre- and post-harvesting periods. Despite stream NO3- concentrations that increased by more than 1400 mu mol l(-1) within 5 months after the clearcut, and three measures of NO3- availability in soil that increased 6- to 8-fold during the 1(st) year after harvest, the net rates of N mineralization and nitrification as measured by in situ incubation in the soil remained unchanged. The net N-mineralization rate in O-horizon soil was 1 - 2 mg N kg(-1) day(-1) and the net nitrification rate was about 1 mg N kg(-1) day(-1), and rates in B-horizon soil were only one-fifth to one-tenth those of the O-horizon. These rates were obtained in single 625 m(2) plots in the clearcut watershed and reference area, and were confirmed by rate measurements at 6 plots in 1999 that showed little difference in N-mineralization and nitrification rates between the treatment and reference areas. Soil temperature increased 1 +/- 0.8 degrees C in a clearcut study plot relative to a reference plot during the post-harvest period, and soil moisture in the clearcut plot was indistinguishable from that in the reference plot. These results are contrary to the initial hypothesis that the clearcut would cause net rates of these N-cycling processes to increase sharply. The in situ incubation method used in this study isolated the samples from ambient roots and thereby prevented plant N uptake; therefore, the increases in stream NO3- concentrations and export following harvest largely reflect diminished uptake. Changes in temperature and moisture after the clearcut were insufficient to measurably affect the net rates of N mineralization and nitrification in the absence of plant uptake. Soil acidification resulting from the harvest may have acted in part to inhibit the rates of these processes. C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Burns, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM daburns@usgs.gov RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009 NR 66 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 BP 123 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s10533-004-0355-z PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 927RN UT WOS:000229218300005 ER PT J AU Crusius, J Koopmans, D Bratton, JF Charette, MA Kroeger, K Henderson, P Ryckman, L Halloran, K Colman, JA AF Crusius, J Koopmans, D Bratton, JF Charette, MA Kroeger, K Henderson, P Ryckman, L Halloran, K Colman, JA TI Submarine groundwater discharge to a small estuary estimated from radon and salinity measurements and a box model SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEEPAGE METERS; BERNOULLIS REVENGE; CONTINUOUS MONITOR; COASTAL WATERS; CAPE-COD; RN-222; NITROGEN; INPUTS; OCEAN; TRANSPORT AB Submarine groundwater discharge was quantified by a variety of methods for a 4-day period during the early summer of 2004, in Salt Pond, adjacent to Nauset Marsh, on Cape Cod, USA. Discharge estimates based on radon and salinity took advantage of the presence of the narrow channel connecting Salt Pond to Nauset Marsh, which allowed constructing whole-pond mass balances as water flowed in and out due to tidal fluctuations. The data suggest that less than one quarter of the discharge in the vicinity of Salt Pond happened within the pond itself, while three quarters or more of the discharge occurred immediately seaward of the pond, either in the channel or in adjacent regions of Nauset Marsh. Much of this discharge, which maintains high radon activities and low salinity, is carried into the pond during each incoming tide. A box model was used as an aid to understand both the rates and the locations of discharge in the vicinity of Salt Pond. The model achieves a reasonable fit to both the salinity and radon data assuming submarine groundwater discharge is fresh and that most of it occurs either in the channel or in adjacent regions of Nauset Marsh. Salinity and radon data, together with seepage meter results, do not rule out discharge of saline groundwater, but suggest either that the saline discharge is at most comparable in volume to the fresh discharge or that it is depleted in radon. The estimated rate of fresh groundwater discharge in the vicinity of Salt Pond is 3000-7000 m(3) d(-1). This groundwater flux estimated from the radon and salinity data is comparable to a value of 3200-4500 m(3) d(-1) predicted by a recent hydrologic model (Masterson, 2004; Colman and Masterson, 2004), although the model predicts this rate of discharge to the pond whereas our data suggest most of the groundwater bypasses the pond prior to discharge. Additional work is needed to determine if the measured rate of discharge is representative of the longterm average, and to better constrain the rate of groundwater discharge seaward of Salt Pond. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Env Studies, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Bucknell Univ, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Crusius, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jcrusius@usgs.gov RI Charette, Matthew/I-9495-2012; OI Bratton, John/0000-0003-0376-4981 NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 141 EP 157 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 024KX UT WOS:000236195000004 ER PT J AU Roth, AM Sample, DW Ribic, CA Paine, L Undersander, DJ Bartelt, GA AF Roth, AM Sample, DW Ribic, CA Paine, L Undersander, DJ Bartelt, GA TI Grassland bird response to harvesting switchgrass as a biomass energy crop SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE biomass energy; grassland birds; Panicum virgatum; switchgrass ID MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; ILLINOIS; FIELDS; IOWA AB The combustion of perennial grass biomass to generate electricity may be a promising renewable energy option. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) grown as a biofuel has the potential to provide a cash crop for farmers and quality nesting cover for grassland birds. In southwestern Wisconsin (near lat. 42 degrees 52', long. 90 degrees 08'), we investigated the impact of an August harvest of switchgrass for bioenergy on community composition and abundance of Wisconsin grassland bird species of management concern. Harvesting the switchgrass in August resulted in changes in vegetation structure and bird species composition the following nesting season. In harvested transects, residual vegetation was shorter and the litter layer was reduced in the year following harvest. Grassland bird species that preferred vegetation of short to moderate height and low to moderate density were found in harvested areas. Unharvested areas provided tall, dense vegetation structure that was especially attractive to tall-grass bird species, such as sedge wren (Cistothorus platensis) and Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii). When considering wildlife habitat value in harvest management of switchgrass for biofuel, leaving some fields unharvested each year would be a good compromise, providing some habitat for a larger number of grassland bird species of management concern than if all fields were harvested annually. In areas where most idle grassland habitat present on the landscape is tallgrass, harvest of switchgrass for biofuel has the potential to increase the local diversity of grassland birds. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Monona, WI 53716 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, USGS Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin Extens Columbia Cty, Portage, WI 53901 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Roth, AM (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 107 Sutliff Ave, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM amber.roth@dnr.state.wi.us NR 33 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 BP 490 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.11.001 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 915YK UT WOS:000228347400006 ER PT J AU Boody, G Vondracek, B Andow, DA Krinke, M Westra, J Zimmerman, J Welle, P AF Boody, G Vondracek, B Andow, DA Krinke, M Westra, J Zimmerman, J Welle, P TI Multifunctional agriculture in the United States SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE suspended sediment; nutrient runoff; greenhouse gases; carbon sequestration; farm policy ID LAND-USE CHANGE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; MINNESOTA; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; EMISSIONS; SEDIMENT; USA AB We evaluated possible changes to current farming practices in two Minnesota watersheds to provide insight into how farm policy might affect environmental, social, and economic outcomes. Watershed residents helped develop four scenarios to evaluate alternative future trends in agricultural management and to project potential economic and environmental outcomes. We found that environmental and economic benefits can be attained through changes in agricultural land management without increasing public costs. The magnitude of these benefits depends on the magnitude of changes to agricultural practices. Environmental benefits include improved water quality, healthier fish, increased carbon sequestration, and decreased greenhouse gas emissions, while economic benefits include social capital formation, greater farm profitability; and avoided costs. Policy transitions that emphasize functions of agriculture in addition to food production are crucial for creating change We suggest that redirecting farm payments by using alternative incentives could lead to substantial environmental changes at little or no extra cost to the taxpaper. C1 Land Stewardship Project, White Bear Lake, MN 55110 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Fisheries Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Parametrix Inc, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Bemidji State Univ, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. RP Boody, G (reprint author), Land Stewardship Project, White Bear Lake, MN 55110 USA. EM gboody@landstewardshipproject.org NR 53 TC 135 Z9 145 U1 3 U2 56 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0027:MAITUS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 887ZC UT WOS:000226343000010 ER PT J AU Brooks, RA Bell, SS AF Brooks, RA Bell, SS TI The distribution and abundance of Sphaeroma terebrans, a wood-boring isopod of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) habitat within Tampa Bay SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ROOT FOULING COMMUNITIES; DISPERSAL; COLONIZATION; FAUNA; INVERTEBRATES; RECRUITMENT; MECHANISM; SUBSTRATE; DISTANCE; ECOLOGY AB This study was conducted to determine the distribution, abundance, and demography of a wood boring isopod, Sphaeroma terebrans Bate, 1866, within the prop roots of the red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L., in eight sites within Tampa Bay, Florida. Sphaeroma terebrans in Tampa Bay displayed reproductive activity year-round and bay-wide synchrony in their density pattern. On average approximately 60% (range: 25%-86%) of the intertidal aerial roots surveyed were occupied by S. terebrans. Although infestation levels by S. terebrans in Tampa Bay were similar to that of more tropical regions, the distribution of S. terebrans was not continuous throughout the study sites. A substantially higher occurrence and density of S. terebrans was found in the northern compared to more southern study sites within the Bay. Additionally, some seemingly suitable areas of the bay (i.e., Pinellas Point, Skyway, Fort Desoto) were actually unoccupied on some dates. Although sites differed in the frequency with which roots were attacked, the density of burrows and isopods in an occupied root was similar, with most attacked roots containing 3-5 burrows. The results of a transplantation experiment indicated that neither abiotic factors nor substrate quality limit the burrowing capabilities or survival of adult S. terebrans in the areas where they are absent. Instead, dispersal limitation, linked with differential juvenile survival, most likely controls isopod distribution and abundance within Tampa Bay. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, SCA 110, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Brooks, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Coastal Ecol Conservat Res Grp, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM allen_brooks@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 BP 27 EP 46 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 898AJ UT WOS:000227047700002 ER PT J AU Cipriano, RC Coll, J AF Cipriano, RC Coll, J TI Historical record of Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas salmonicida among sea-run Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Penobscot River SO BULLETIN OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF FISH PATHOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID FURUNCULOSIS AB Despite restoration efforts, only about 2,000 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) salmon have annually returned to New England Rivers and more than 71% of these fish migrate to the Penobscot River alone. This report provides a historical compilation on the prevalence's of both Yersinia ruckeri, cause of enteric redmouth disease, and Aeromonas salmonicida, cause of furunculosis, among mature sea-run Atlantic salmon that returned to the Penobscot River from 1976 to 2003. Aeromonas salmonicida was detected in 28.6% and Yersinia ruckeri was detected among 50% of the yearly returns. Consequently, Atlantic salmon that return to the river are potential reservoirs of infection. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Fish Hlth Unit, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Cipriano, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM rocco_cipriano@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUR ASSOC FISH PATHOLOGISTS PI ABERDEEN PA C/O DR DAVID BRUNO, MARINE LABORATORY, PO BOX 101, VICTORIA RD, ABERDEEN AB11 9DB, SCOTLAND SN 0108-0288 J9 B EUR ASSOC FISH PAT JI Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol. PY 2005 VL 25 IS 6 BP 280 EP 283 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 009WB UT WOS:000235143000006 ER PT J AU Frimpong, EA Sutton, TM Lim, KJ Hrodey, PJ Engel, BA Simon, TP Lee, JG Le Master, DC AF Frimpong, EA Sutton, TM Lim, KJ Hrodey, PJ Engel, BA Simon, TP Lee, JG Le Master, DC TI Determination of optimal riparian forest buffer dimensions for stream biota-landscape association models using multimetric and multivariate responses SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB The dimensions of riparian buffers selected for stream biota-landscape association models determine correlation strength and subsequent model interpretation. Efforts have been made to optimize buffer dimensions incorporated into models, but none has explicitly determined a single optimum based on both longitudinal and lateral buffer dimensions. We applied partial correlation and multivariate linear regression on functional fish community response attributes and the index of biotic integrity using stream samples (N = 107) from the Eastern Corn Belt Plain Ecoregion of Indiana, USA. Land-cover data in digital format were processed in geographic information systems for an area covering 300 m on either side of selected streams and within 2000 m longitudinally. The optimal buffer dimension for the study area was 30 m laterally and 600 m longitudinally, with a partial correlation of 0.29 (P = 0.002), and there was agreement in the partial correlation and multiple regression models. The longitudinal dimension was more conclusively determined, but the lateral dimension was optimum only with respect to the resolution of the land-use data used. Based on these results, we propose the use of this approach to optimize the riparian buffer parameter in landscape models. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington Field Off, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Sutton, TM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM tsutton@purdue.edu RI Sutton, Trent/E-9281-2010; Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012; OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 NR 12 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1139/F05-020 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 906AY UT WOS:000227614100001 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB Johnson, TB Knight, CT AF Bunnell, DB Johnson, TB Knight, CT TI The impact of introduced round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) on phosphorus cycling in central Lake Erie SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MUSSELS DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ZEBRA MUSSELS; BIOENERGETICS APPROACH; NUTRIENT REGENERATION; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; FILTERING IMPACTS; FISH; NITROGEN; RELEASE; EXCRETION AB We used an individual-based bioenergetic model to simulate the phosphorus flux of the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) population in central Lake Erie during 1995 - 2002. Estimates of round goby diet composition, growth rates, and population abundance were derived from field sampling. As an abundant introduced fish, we predicted that round gobies would influence phosphorus cycling both directly, through excretion, and indirectly, through consumption of dreissenid mussels, whose high mass-specific phosphorus excretion enhances recycling. In 1999, when age- 1+ round gobies reached peak abundance near 350 million ( 2.4 kg . ha - 1), annual phosphorus excretion was estimated at 7 t ( 1.4 x 10(-3) mg P.m(-2) . day(-1)). From an ecosystem perspective, however, round gobies excreted only 0.4% of the phosphorus needed by the benthic community for primary production. Indirectly, round gobies consumed < 0.2% of dreissenid population biomass, indicating that round gobies did not reduce nutrient availability by consuming dreissenids. Compared with previous studies that have revealed introduced species to influence phosphorus cycling, round gobies likely did not attain a sufficiently high biomass density to influence phosphorus cycling in Lake Erie. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Lake Erie Fisheries Stn, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Wheatley, ON N0P 2P0, Canada. Fairport Fisheries Stn, Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Fairport, OH 44077 USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 55 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 21 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1139/F04-172 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 906AY UT WOS:000227614100003 ER PT J AU Wilzbach, MA Harvey, BC White, JL Nakamoto, RJ AF Wilzbach, MA Harvey, BC White, JL Nakamoto, RJ TI Effects of riparian canopy opening and salmon carcass addition on the abundance and growth of resident salmonids SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC SALMON; SMALL STREAMS; COHO SALMON; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; CLEAR-CUT; NUTRIENTS; NITROGEN; PRODUCTIVITY AB We studied the concurrent effects of riparian canopy opening and salmon carcass addition on salmonid biomass, density and growth rates in small streams over 2 years. In each of six streams in the Smith and Klamath River basins in northern California, red alder (Alnus rubra) and other hardwoods were removed along both banks of a 100-m reach to increase incident radiation. A second 100-m reach, with an intact canopy, was established in each stream as a light control. Salmon carcasses were added each year to both cut and uncut riparian sections in three of the six streams. Differences in total density and biomass of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from pretreatment levels responded positively to canopy removal but were not detectably affected by carcass addition. Differences in specific growth rates of the fish between open and closed canopy reaches were greater in sites without carcasses than in sites with carcasses. In light-limited settings where temperature gains associated with canopy opening are not problematic for aquatic resources, gains in salmonid production might be achieved by selective trimming of riparian hardwoods. C1 Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, California Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Wilzbach, MA (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, California Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM paw7002@humboldt.edu NR 41 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 22 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1139/F04-177 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 906AY UT WOS:000227614100006 ER PT J AU Zydlewski, GB Haro, A McCormick, SD AF Zydlewski, GB Haro, A McCormick, SD TI Evidence for cumulative temperature as an initiating and terminating factor in downstream migratory behavior of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID THYROID-HORMONES; COHO SALMON; PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; WATER TEMPERATURE; PLASMA THYROXINE; ATPASE ACTIVITY; GROWTH-HORMONE; BALTIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER AB Temperature control of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt migration was tested using a novel technique allowing nearly continuous monitoring of behavior with complete control over environmental conditions. Parr and presmolts were implanted with passive integrated transponder tags, placed in simulated streams, and monitored for upstream and downstream movements. Beginning 18 April, temperature was increased 1 degrees C every third day (advanced), fourth day (ambient), and tenth day (delayed). Smolt downstream movements were initially low, peaked in mid-May, and subsequently declined under all conditions. Parr downstream movements were significantly lower than those of smolts in all treatments (0.8 +/- 0.5 movement(.)day(-1) versus 26.5 +/- 4.5 movements(.)day(-1), mean +/- SE) and showed no increase. At delayed temperatures, smolts sustained downstream movements through July; those under ambient and advanced conditions ceased activity by mid-June. Initiation and termination of downstream movements occurred at significantly different temperatures but at the same number of degree-days in all treatments. Physiological changes associated with smolting (gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and plasma thyroxine) were coincident with behavioral changes. This is the first evidence of a behavioral component to the smolt window. We found that temperature experience over time is more relevant to initiation and termination of downstream movement than a temperature threshold. C1 US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Zydlewski, GB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 5741 Libby Hall,Room 204A, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM gayle.zydlewski@umit.maine.edu OI Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172 NR 47 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 35 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1139/F04-179 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 906AY UT WOS:000227614100007 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, CE AF Zimmerman, CE TI Relationship of otolith strontium-to-calcium ratios and salinity: experimental validation for juvenile salmonids SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; MICROPROBE ANALYSIS; FISH OTOLITHS; FRESH-WATER; MICROCHEMISTRY; CHEMISTRY; RIVER; TROUT; IDENTIFICATION AB Analysis of otolith strontium (Sr) or strontium-to-calcium (Sr:Ca) ratios provides a powerful tool to reconstruct the chronology of migration among salinity environments for diadromous salmonids. Although use of this method has been validated by examination of known individuals and translocation experiments, it has never been validated under controlled experimental conditions. In this study, incorporation of otolith Sr was tested across a range of salinities and resulting levels of ambient Sr and Ca concentrations in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), rainbow trout (Onco rhynchus mykiss), and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Experimental water was mixed, using stream water and seawater as end members, to create experimental salinities of 0.1, 6.3, 12.7, 18.6, 25.5, and 33.0 psu. Otolith Sr and Sr:Ca ratios were significantly related to salinity for all species (r(2) range: 0.80-0.91) but provide only enough predictive resolution to discriminate among fresh water, brackish water, and saltwater residency. These results validate the use of otolith Sr:Ca ratios to broadly discriminate salinity histories encountered by salmonids but highlight the need for further research concerning the influence of osmoregulation and physiological changes associated with smolting on otolith microchemistry. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Zimmerman, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM czimmerman@usgs.gov OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 NR 37 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 88 EP 97 DI 10.1139/F04-182 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 906AY UT WOS:000227614100009 ER PT J AU Vilella, FJ Fogarty, JH AF Vilella, FJ Fogarty, JH TI Diversity and abundance of forest frogs (Anura : Leptodactylidae) before and after hurricane georges in the Cordillera Central of Puerto Rico SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION; DECLINES AB Caribbean hurricanes often impact terrestrial vertebrates in forested environments. On 21 September 1998, Hurricane Georges impacted Puerto Rico with sustained winds in excess of 166 km/hr, causing damage to forests of the island's principal mountain range; the Cordillera Central. We estimated forest frog abundance and diversity from call counts conducted along marked transects before and after Hurricane Georges in two forests reserves of the Cordillera Central (Maricao and Guilarte). We used distance sampling to estimate density of Eleu-therodactylus coqui and recorded counts of other species. After the hurricane, the abundance of E. coqui. increased in both reserves compared to prehurricane levels while abundance of other frog species decreased. In Maricao, relative abundance of E. richmondi (P = 0.013) and E. brittoni (P = 0.034) were significantly lower after the hurricane. Moreover, species richness and evenness of the Maricao and Guilarte frog assemblages declined after the hurricane. Our results on abundance patterns of the forest frog assemblages of Maricao and Guilarte Forests were similar to those reported from the Luquillo Experimental Forest after Hurricane Hugo in September 1989. Long-term demographic patterns of the forest frog assemblages in the Cordillera Central may be associated with changes due to the ecological succession in post-hurricane forests. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, USGS Biol Resources Div, Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Vilella, FJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, USGS Biol Resources Div, Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM fvilella@cfr.msstate.edu NR 17 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 919WX UT WOS:000228649400017 ER PT J AU Lovelock, CE Feller, IC McKee, KL Thompson, R AF Lovelock, CE Feller, IC McKee, KL Thompson, R TI Variation in mangrove forest structure and sediment characteristics in Bocas del Toro, Panama SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rhizophora mangle; dwarf forests; biomass ID VS. PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; CORAL-REEFS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; GROWTH; ISLANDS; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; SEEDLINGS; GRADIENT AB Mangrove forest structure and sediment characteristics were examined in the extensive mangroves of Bocas del Toro, Republic of Panama. Forest structure was characterized to determine if spatial vegetation patterns were repeated over the Bocas del Toro landscape. Using a series of permanent plots and transects we found that the forests of Bocas del Toro were dominated by Rhizophora maugle with very few individuals of Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa. Despite this low species diversity, there was large variation in forest structure and in edaphic conditions (salinity, concentration of available phosphorus, Eh and sulphide concentration). Aboveground biomass varied 20-fold, from 6.8 Mg ha(-1) in dwarf forests to 194.3 Mg ha(-1) in the forests fringing the land. But variation in forest structure was predictable across the intertidal zone. There was a strong tree height gradient from seaward fringe (mean tree height 3.9 m), decreasing in stature in the interior dwarf forests (mean tree height 0.7 m), and increasing in stature in forests adjacent to the terrestrial forest (mean tree height 4.1 m). The predictable variation in forest structure emerges due to the complex interactions among edaphic and plant factors. Identifying predictable patterns in forest structure will aid in scaling up the ecosystem services provided by mangrove forests in coastal landscapes. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Queensland, Sch Life Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM c.lovelock@uq.edu.au RI Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012; McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855; McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 NR 45 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 21 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 456 EP 464 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 000KD UT WOS:000234459600007 ER PT J AU Dennis, GD Smith-Vaniz, WF Colin, PL Hensley, DA McGehee, MA AF Dennis, GD Smith-Vaniz, WF Colin, PL Hensley, DA McGehee, MA TI Shore fishes from islands of the Mona Passage, Greater Antilles with comments on their zoogeography SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE zoogeography; ichthyocide; marine fauna; reef fishes ID CORAL-REEF FISH; SOUTHWESTERN PUERTO-RICO; SAINT-HELENA ISLAND; FRESH-WATER FISHES; WESTERN ATLANTIC; MARINE FISHES; CENTRAL-AMERICA; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; SEAGRASS BEDS; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB The geology, physical conditions, size, and position within the Caribbean may all play a role in shaping the fauna of islands in the Mona Passage. This paper describes the ichthyofauna of Mona, Monito, and Desecheo by habitat, compares it to surrounding island faunas, and discusses the zoogeography of its shore fishes. We used ichthyocides and diver visual survey during several expeditions to collect and identify the shore fishes from the islands. Islands in the Mona Passage have a diverse though perhaps impoverished marine ichthyofauna consisting of 261 known species, compared to nearby Puerto Rico that has more than twice as many species. The narrow shelf area of these islands compresses reef zones that are typically distinct and spread over a much broader shelf. Species typical of the same reef zones in Puerto Rico also occur at Mona, but shelf-edge species can be found nearshore. The limited habitat diversity, including restricted mangrove and seagrass areas, may have an effect on the marine fishes by excluding some species and reducing the abundance of others. These islands fall within a major faunal break between Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. This biogeographical barrier is an imperfect filter for marine fishes as some are found east of the Mona Passage, but are absent from the Puerto Rican Plateau and Lesser Antilles. While several sampling methods were used, ichthyocide collections accounted for the largest number of species. The true diversity of the ichthyofauna would be hidden without the use of ichthyocides to sample the cryptic fish assemblage. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Coral Reef Res Fdn, Koror 96940, Palau. Marine & Alpine Res Serv, Lajas, PR 00667 USA. RP Dennis, GD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, S Florida Ecol Serv Off, 1339 20th St, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. EM George_Dennis@fws.gov NR 120 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 716 EP 743 PG 28 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 002KH UT WOS:000234609800002 ER PT S AU Sisson, VB Lallemant, HGA Ostos, M Blythe, AE Snee, LW Copeland, P Wright, JE Donelick, RA Guth, LR AF Sisson, Virginia B. Lallemant, Hans G. Ave Ostos, Marino Blythe, Ann E. Snee, Lawrence W. Copeland, Peter Wright, James E. Donelick, Raymond A. Guth, Lawrence R. BE AveLallemant, HG Sisson, VB TI Overview of radiometric ages in three allochthonous belts of northern Venezuela: Old ones, new ones, and their impact on regional geology SO CARIBBEAN-SOUTH AMERICAN PLATE INTERACTIONS, VENEZUELA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE geochronology; exhumation; rift; fold and thrust belt; subduction melange ID TRACK ANNEALING KINETICS; NORTHEASTERN VENEZUELA; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; CARIBBEAN REGION; MARGARITA-ISLAND; PLATE BOUNDARY; VARIABILITY; CALIBRATION; PERIDOTITE; TINAQUILLO AB The margin of northern Venezuela is a complex zone representing the orogenic events from basement formation to subsequent subduction and exhumation during transpressional collision. This boundary zone has six east-west-trending belts that each record a different segment of its development. This geologic complexity requires radiometric ages to unravel, and we herein provide 48 new ages including U-Pb ( 4), Rb-Sr ( 2), Ar-40/Ar-39 ( 24), zircon and apatite fission-track ( 17), and C-14 ( 1) ages to constrain the evolution of three of these belts. These three belts are the Cordillera de la Costa, Caucagua-El Tinaco, and Serran a del Interior belts. In the Cordillera de la Costa belt, U-Pb geochronologic data indicate portions of the basement igneous and metaigneous rocks formed in the Cambro-Ordovician (513-471 Ma). New Ar-40/Ar-39 data from Margarita Island indicate that some of the subduction complex was rapidly cooled and exhumed, whereas other portions indicate slower cooling. This contrasts with new Ar-40/Ar-39 data from the Puerto Cabello portion of the subduction complex that has Eocene to Oligocene (42-28 Ma) cooling ages. New fission-track data imply the entire Cordillera de la Costa belt from Puerto Cabello to La Guaira (similar to 150 km) was uplifted at the same time. In the Caucagua-El Tinaco belt, the oldest Ar-40/Ar-39 amphibole ages from the Tinaquillo ultramafi c complex are Jurassic ( 190 Ma). Additional amphibole Ar-40/Ar-39 cooling ages are older than previously recorded in either the Tinaco or Tinaquillo complex. One amphibole Ar-40/Ar-39 cooling age for the Tinaco complex is similar to previous U-Pb results. New apatite fission-track results from the Serran a del Interior foreland fold and thrust belt are synchronous with exhumation in the Cordillera de la Costa belt. In addition, several zircon fission-track ages in the Serran a del Interior belt are older than their fossil ages, indicating a Cretaceous minimum provenance age for Miocene beds. Significant new findings from these geochronologic studies include ( 1) several igneous and metaigneous bodies that may be correlated with orogenic events in the Appalachians occur within the subduction melange; ( 2) the Tinaquillo complex may record Jurassic rifting; ( 3) Cretaceous source rocks for the Serran a del Interior sedimentary strata; ( 4) exhumation of the subduction complex is segmented because two regions have significantly different cooling histories, with Margarita Island exhumed in the Cretaceous, whereas to the west, the Puerto Cabello region has widespread Paleogene cooling and exhumation ages; and ( 5) earthquake activity in 1812 caused uplift as recorded by exposure of Recent corals. C1 [Sisson, Virginia B.; Lallemant, Hans G. Ave; Wright, James E.; Donelick, Raymond A.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77252 USA. [Ostos, Marino] Cent Univ Venezuela, Escuela Geol Minas & Geofis, Caracas, Venezuela. [Ostos, Marino] Estudios Ingn Geol Litos CA, Caracas, Venezuela. [Blythe, Ann E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Snee, Lawrence W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Copeland, Peter] Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Guth, Lawrence R.] Fitchburg State Coll, Dept Geophys Sci, Fitchburg, MA 01420 USA. RP Sisson, VB (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, MS-126, Houston, TX 77252 USA. EM j_sisson@netzero.com; ave@rice.edu; ORmarino@cs.com; blythe@earth.usc.edu; lsnee@usgs.gov; copeland@uh.edu; jwright@gly.uga.edu; donelick@apatite.com NR 95 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2394-5 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2005 VL 394 BP 91 EP 117 DI 10.1130/2005.2394(03) PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BLY12 UT WOS:000271394900004 ER PT J AU Wang, YX Mooney, WD Han, GH Yuan, XC Jiang, M AF Wang, YX Mooney, WD Han, GH Yuan, XC Jiang, M TI Crustal P-wave velocity structure from Altyn Tagh to Longmen mountains along the Taiwan-Altay geoscience transect SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article DE Altyn Tagh-Longmen mountains; geoscience transect; crustal P-wave velocity structure ID TIBETAN PLATEAU AB Based upon the seismic experiments along Geoscience Transect from the Altyn Tagh to the Longmen Mountains, the crustal P-wave velocity structure was derived to outline the characteristics of the crustal structure. The section shows a few significant features. The crustal thickness varies dramatically, and is consistent with tectonic settings. The Moho boundary abruptly drops to 73km depth beneath the southern Altyn Tagh from 50km below the Tarim basin, then rises again to about 58km depth beneath the Qaidam basin. Finally, the Moho drops again to about 70km underneath the Songpan-Garze Terrane and rises to 60km near the Longmen Mountains with a step-shape. Further southeast, the crust thins to 52km beneath the Sichuan basin in the southeast of the Longmen Mountains. In the north of the Kunlun fault, a low-velocity zone, which may be a layer of melted rocks due to high temperature and pressure at depth, exists in the the bottom of the middle crust. The two depressions of the Moho correlate with the Qilian and Songpan-Garze terranes, implying that these two mountains have thick roots. According to our results, it is deduced that the thick crust of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau probably is a result of cast-west and northwest-southeast crustal shortening since Mesozoic time during the collision between the Asian and Indian plates. C1 Guilin Inst Technol, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. China Geol Survey, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Geosci, Inst Geol, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. RP Wang, YX (reprint author), Guilin Inst Technol, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China. EM youxue-wang@yahoo.com NR 21 TC 32 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 7 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0001-5733 J9 CHINESE J GEOPHYS-CH JI Chinese J. Geophys.-Chinese Ed. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 98 EP 106 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 891IQ UT WOS:000226574900015 ER PT J AU Dellinger, J Hudson, J Krabbenhoft, D Murphy, H AF Dellinger, J Hudson, J Krabbenhoft, D Murphy, H TI Pacific volcanoes, mercury contaminated fish, and Polynesian taboos SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CONSUMPTION; EXPOSURE C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hlth Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anthropol, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. US Geol Survey, Madison, WI USA. Assoc Te Pu Atitia, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. RP Dellinger, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hlth Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM jdelling@uwm.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 43 IS 6 BP 595 EP 596 DI 10.1081/CLT-200068868 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 975VM UT WOS:000232692200007 PM 16255344 ER PT S AU Warwick, PD AF Warwick, Peter D. BE Warwick, PD TI Coal systems analysis: A new approach to the understanding of coal formation, coal quality and environmental considerations, and coal as a source rock for hydrocarbons SO COAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE coal; coal systems; coalbed gas; geology; energy ID MACERAL RATIOS; WEST-VIRGINIA; GAS; PEAT; BASIN; COMPACTION; IMPACTS; CLEAT; USA AB Coal is an important and required energy source for today's world. Current rates of world coal consumption are projected to continue at approximately the same ( or greater) levels well into the twenty-first century. This paper will provide an introduction to the concept of coal systems analysis and the accompanying volume of papers will provide examples of how coal systems analysis can be used to understand, characterize, and evaluate coal and coal gas resources. Coal systems analysis incorporates the various disciplines of coal geology to provide a complete characterization of the resource. The coal system is divided into four stages: ( 1) accumulation, ( 2) preservation-burial, ( 3) diagenesis-coalification, and ( 4) coal and hydrocarbon resources. These stages are briefly discussed and key references and examples of the application of coal systems analysis are provided. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Warwick, PD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM pwarwick@usgs.gov; pwarwick@usgs.gov OI Warwick, Peter/0000-0002-3152-7783 NR 77 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2387-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2005 VL 387 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1130/0-8137-2387-6.1 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BLX62 UT WOS:000271309200001 ER PT S AU Milici, RC AF Milici, Robert C. BE Warwick, PD TI Appalachian coal assessment: Defining the coal systems of the Appalachian basin SO COAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE coal; coal systems; Appalachians; resource assessment ID USA AB The coal systems concept may be used to organize the geologic data for a relatively large, complex area, such as the Appalachian basin, in order to facilitate coal assessments in the area. The concept is especially valuable in subjective assessments of future coal production, which would require a detailed understanding of the coal geology and coal chemistry of the region. In addition, subjective assessments of future coal production would be enhanced by a geographical information system that contains the geologic and geochemical data commonly prepared for conventional coal assessments. Coal systems are generally defined as one or more coal beds or groups of coal beds that have had the same or similar genetic history from their inception as peat deposits, through their burial, diagenesis, and epigenesis to their ultimate preservation as lignite, bituminous coal, or anthracite. The central and northern parts of the Appalachian basin contain seven coal systems ( Coal Systems A-G). These systems may be defined generally on the following criteria: ( 1) on the primary characteristics of their paleopeat deposits, ( 2) on the stratigraphic framework of the Paleozoic coal measures, ( 3) on the relative abundance of coal beds within the major stratigraphic groupings, ( 4) on the amount of sulfur related to the geologic and climatic conditions under which paleopeat deposits accumulated, and ( 5) on the rank of the coal ( lignite to anthracite). C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Milici, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2387-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2005 VL 387 BP 9 EP 30 DI 10.1130/0-8137-2387-6.9 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BLX62 UT WOS:000271309200002 ER PT S AU Nichols, DJ AF Nichols, Douglas J. BE Warwick, PD TI Palynology in coal systems analysis-The key to floras, climate, and stratigraphy of coal-forming environments SO COAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE palynology; coal; paleoecology; paleoclimatology; palynostratigraphy ID LATROBE VALLEY; TERTIARY COALS; PETROGRAPHY; AUSTRALIA; BASIN; BED; GEOCHEMISTRY; LITHOTYPES; PETROLOGY; USA AB Palynology can be effectively used in coal systems analysis to understand the nature of ancient coal-forming peat mires. Pollen and spores preserved in coal effectively reveal the floristic composition of mires, which differed substantially through geologic time, and contribute to determination of depositional environment and paleoclimate. Such applications are most effective when integrated with paleobotanical and coal-petrographic data. Examples of previous studies of Miocene, Carboniferous, and Paleogene coal beds illustrate the methods and results. Palynological age determinations and correlations of deposits are also important in coal systems analysis to establish stratigraphic setting. Application to studies of coalbed methane generation shows potential because certain kinds of pollen are associated with gas-prone lithotypes. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nichols, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 939 Denver Fed Ctr,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM nichols@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2387-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2005 VL 387 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1130/0-8137-2387-6.51 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BLX62 UT WOS:000271309200004 ER PT B AU Falzarano, S Thomas, K Lowry, J AF Falzarano, S Thomas, K Lowry, J BE VanRiper, C Mattson, DJ TI Using decision tree modeling in gap analysis land cover mapping: Preliminary results for northeastern Arizona SO Colorado Plateau II: Biophysical, Socioeconomic, and Cultural Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of Research on the Colorado Plateau CY NOV 05-08, 2003 CL No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ SP US Geol Survey SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Ctr Sustainable Environm, US Geol Survey, US Natl Pk Serv, US Bur Land Management HO No Arizona Univ ID CLASSIFICATION C1 Grand Canyon Natl Pk, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, RSGIS Lab, UMC 4275, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Falzarano, S (reprint author), Grand Canyon Natl Pk, 823 N San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA PRESS PI TUCSON PA 355 S EUCLID AVE, STE 103, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA BN 0-8165-2526-9 PY 2005 BP 87 EP 99 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDJ22 UT WOS:000233747300006 ER PT B AU Cole, KL Cannella, JA AF Cole, KL Cannella, JA BE VanRiper, C Mattson, DJ TI Species-based vegetation mapping: An example from the Grand Canyon SO Colorado Plateau II: Biophysical, Socioeconomic, and Cultural Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of Research on the Colorado Plateau CY NOV 05-08, 2003 CL No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ SP US Geol Survey SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Ctr Sustainable Environm, US Geol Survey, US Natl Pk Serv, US Bur Land Management HO No Arizona Univ ID SANTA CATALINA MOUNTAINS; LATE QUATERNARY; ARIZONA; RESPONSES C1 No Arizona Univ, SW Biol Res Stn, USGS Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Cole, KL (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, SW Biol Res Stn, USGS Colorado Plateau Res Stn, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA PRESS PI TUCSON PA 355 S EUCLID AVE, STE 103, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA BN 0-8165-2526-9 PY 2005 BP 151 EP 162 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDJ22 UT WOS:000233747300011 ER PT B AU Sogge, MK Felley, D Wotawa, M AF Sogge, MK Felley, D Wotawa, M BE VanRiper, C Mattson, DJ TI A quantitative model of avian community and habitat relationships along the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon SO Colorado Plateau II: Biophysical, Socioeconomic, and Cultural Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of Research on the Colorado Plateau CY NOV 05-08, 2003 CL No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ SP US Geol Survey SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Ctr Sustainable Environm, US Geol Survey, US Natl Pk Serv, US Bur Land Management HO No Arizona Univ ID RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; ARIZONA; DENSITY C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Sogge, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA PRESS PI TUCSON PA 355 S EUCLID AVE, STE 103, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA BN 0-8165-2526-9 PY 2005 BP 163 EP 192 PG 30 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDJ22 UT WOS:000233747300012 ER PT B AU Felley, DL Sogge, MK AF Felley, DL Sogge, MK BE VanRiper, C Mattson, DJ TI Annotated species list of birds of the Colorado River corridor in the Grand Canyon: 1993-1995 SO Colorado Plateau II: Biophysical, Socioeconomic, and Cultural Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of Research on the Colorado Plateau CY NOV 05-08, 2003 CL No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ SP US Geol Survey SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Ctr Sustainable Environm, US Geol Survey, US Natl Pk Serv, US Bur Land Management HO No Arizona Univ ID ARIZONA C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Felley, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA PRESS PI TUCSON PA 355 S EUCLID AVE, STE 103, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA BN 0-8165-2526-9 PY 2005 BP 193 EP 219 PG 27 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDJ22 UT WOS:000233747300013 ER PT B AU Drost, CA AF Drost, CA BE VanRiper, C Mattson, DJ TI Vertebrates of Montezuma castle national monument: Present status and historical changes SO Colorado Plateau II: Biophysical, Socioeconomic, and Cultural Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of Research on the Colorado Plateau CY NOV 05-08, 2003 CL No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ SP US Geol Survey SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Ctr Sustainable Environm, US Geol Survey, US Natl Pk Serv, US Bur Land Management HO No Arizona Univ C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Drost, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA PRESS PI TUCSON PA 355 S EUCLID AVE, STE 103, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA BN 0-8165-2526-9 PY 2005 BP 235 EP 251 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDJ22 UT WOS:000233747300016 ER PT B AU Nowak, EM AF Nowak, EM BE VanRiper, C Mattson, DJ TI Movement patterns and natural history of western diamond-backed rattlesnakes at Tuzigoot National Monument, Arizona SO Colorado Plateau II: Biophysical, Socioeconomic, and Cultural Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of Research on the Colorado Plateau CY NOV 05-08, 2003 CL No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ SP US Geol Survey SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Ctr Sustainable Environm, US Geol Survey, US Natl Pk Serv, US Bur Land Management HO No Arizona Univ ID TIMBER RATTLESNAKES; CROTALUS-HORRIDUS; SISTRURUS-CATENATUS; PRAIRIE RATTLESNAKE; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; POPULATION; ATROX C1 No Arizona Univ, USGS Biol Resources Div, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Nowak, EM (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, USGS Biol Resources Div, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV ARIZONA PRESS PI TUCSON PA 355 S EUCLID AVE, STE 103, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA BN 0-8165-2526-9 PY 2005 BP 253 EP 274 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDJ22 UT WOS:000233747300017 ER PT J AU Luo, Q Ban, M Ando, H Kitahashi, T Bhandari, RK McCormick, SD Urano, C AF Luo, Q Ban, M Ando, H Kitahashi, T Bhandari, RK McCormick, SD Urano, C TI Distinct effects of 4-nonylphenol and estrogen-17 beta on expression of estrogen receptor alpha gene in smolting sockeye salmon SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE estrogen receptor; xenoestrogen; nonylphenol; salmon; smolting; liver; gill; seawater adaptation ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MESSENGER-RNA; CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS; CARASSIUS-AURATUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; AFRICAN CATFISH AB Xenoestrogens such as 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) have been shown to affect the parr-smolt transformation, but their mechanisms of action are not known. We therefore examined effects of 4-NP and estradiol-17 beta (E2) on expression of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha gene in the liver, gill, pituitary and brain of sockeye salmon to elucidate molecular mechanisms of 4-NP and E2 and developmental differences in response during smolting. Fish were treated twice within a week with 4-NP (15 and 150 mg/kg BW), E2 (2 mg/kg BW) or only vehicle at three stages of smolting, pre-smolting in March, early smolting in April and late smolting in May. The absolute amounts of ER alpha mRNA were determined by real-time PCR. The basal amounts of ER alpha mRNA peaked in April in the liver, gill and pituitary. In March, E2 extensively increased the amounts in the liver, while 4-NP had no effects at this stage. In contrast, 4-NP (but not E2) decreased liver ER alpha mRNA in April. 4-NP also decreased the amount of ER alpha mRNA in the gill in April. In the pituitary, 4-NP increased ER alpha mRNA in March but decreased it in May. There were no significant effects in the brain. Changes in basal ER alpha mRNA observed in this study indicate that estrogen responsiveness of tissues may change during salmon smolting. Furthermore, 4-NP and E2 have different effects on expression of ERa gene in the liver and gill during smolting, and the response is dependent on smolt stage. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Biol Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Natl Salmon Resources Ctr, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0620922, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Field Sci Ctr No Biosphere, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600809, Japan. USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01370 USA. RP Ando, H (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Bioresource & Bioenvironm Sci, Lab Anim & Marine Bioresources, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. EM luoqionglq@hotmail.com; hando@brs.kyushu-u.ac.jp OI Kitahashi, Takashi/0000-0003-0512-7548 NR 51 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 140 IS 1 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2005.01.008 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 916LT UT WOS:000228387200014 PM 15792631 ER PT J AU Bielmyer, GK Gatlin, D Isely, JJ Tomasso, J Klaine, SJ AF Bielmyer, GK Gatlin, D Isely, JJ Tomasso, J Klaine, SJ TI Responses of hybrid striped bass to waterborne and dietary copper in freshwater and saltwater SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dietary waterborne copper; hybrid striped bass; tissue accumulation; growth ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; CHRONIC SUBLETHAL EXPOSURE; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS L; GILL MICROENVIRONMENT; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; TOXICITY; GROWTH; CU AB Mechanisms of copper toxicity and consequences of exposure vary due to uptake route and ionoregulatory status. The goal of this research was to develop a model fish system to assess the influence of different Cu exposure routes (waterborne or dietary) on bioavailability, uptake, and effects in hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis) acclimated to fresh- or saltwater. Initially, hybrid striped bass were exposed to dietary Cu concentrations of 571, 785, and 1013 mu g Cu/g, along with a control (similar to 5 mu g Cu/g), for 14 days in saltwater. Intestinal and liver Cu accumulated in a dose-dependent manner in fish exposed to increasing levels of dietary Cu. Chronic (42 days) experiments were then conducted to determine sub-lethal effects of aqueous, dietary, and combined aqueous and dietary Cu exposures to both freshwater- and saltwater-acclimated hybrid striped bass. Growth and Cu accumulation in the gill, intestine, and liver were measured. Although no significant effects were observed in fish exposed to waterborne Cu, those exposed through the diet accumulated significant liver and intestinal Cu but showed no significant change in growth. Overall, these results suggest that at the levels tested, exposure to elevated waterborne Cu did not cause significant long-term tissue Cu accumulation, whereas dietary Cu exposure caused significant liver and intestinal Cu accumulation in hybrid striped bass which was comparable in both freshwater and saltwater (15 g/L). (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. Clemson Univ, Grad Program Environm Toxicol, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Bielmyer, GK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM gbielmyer@rsmas.miami.edu RI Klaine, Stephen/C-5352-2011 NR 46 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 140 IS 1 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2005.01.014 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 916LT UT WOS:000228387200015 PM 15792632 ER PT S AU Thompson, JK AF Thompson, JK BE Dame, RF Olenin, S TI One estuary, one invasion, two responses: Phytoplankton and benthic community dynamics determine the effect of an estuarine invasive suspension-feeder SO Comparative Roles of Suspension-Feeders in Ecosystems SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Comparative Roles of Suspension-Feeders in Ecosystems CY OCT 04-09, 2003 CL Nida, LITHUANIA SP NATO DE suspension-feeder; bivalve; exotic; grazing; San Francisco Bay; phytoplankton ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; BIVALVE POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; TIME SCALES; REMARKABLE INVASION; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA; BIOMASS; CLAM; BLOOMS; RIVER AB Invasive suspension-feeding bivalves have reduced phytoplankton biomass in many aquatic systems, which has resulted in loss of trophic complexity in some systems. Using an example of one invasive bivalve in San Francisco Bay, Potamocorbula amurensis, the causes of differing system level responses are explored. San Francisco Bay, similar to of other shallow, turbid, non-nutrient limited, but low productivity systems, is likely to be most stressed by the loss of primary producers. While the northern bay has lost primary production following the invasion of P. amurensis, the southern bay (SB) has not and these differences are shown to be due to the different mechanisms responsible for the seasonal turbidity in the systems. Because the period of lowest turbidity in SB is coincident with the period of lowest bivalve grazing, the southern bay has not seen a reduction in its high magnitude but short spring bloom. A method for predicting if a shallow, turbid and nutrient replete estuary might lose phytoplankton production with a sudden increase in suspension-feeders is explored. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thompson, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-3028-2 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2005 VL 47 BP 291 EP 316 PG 26 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDC57 UT WOS:000232685200017 ER PT J AU Wiele, S Torizzo, M AF Wiele, S. Torizzo, M. BE Bates, PD Lane, SN Ferguson, RI TI Modelling of sand deposition in archaeologically significant reaches of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, USA SO COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS: APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL HYDRAULICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SUPPLY LIMITATION; SUSPENDED-LOAD; FLOW; SIZE; MAGNITUDE; DISCHARGE; EVOLUTION; CHANNELS C1 [Wiele, S.; Torizzo, M.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Wiele, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RI Lane, Stuart/M-7934-2014 OI Lane, Stuart/0000-0002-6077-6076 NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47001-519-3 PY 2005 BP 357 EP 394 DI 10.1002/0470015195.ch14 D2 10.1002/0470015195 PG 38 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BYB52 UT WOS:000297819500014 ER PT S AU Lehnert, O Millert, JF Leslie, SA Repetski, JE Ethington, RL AF Lehnert, O Millert, JF Leslie, SA Repetski, JE Ethington, RL BE Purnell, MA Donoghue, PCJ TI Cambro-Ordovician sea-level fluctuations and sequence boundaries: The missing record and the evolution of new taxa SO CONODONT BIOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY: INTERPRETING THE FOSSIL RECORD SE Special Papers in Palaeontology Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bias and Completeness in the Conodont Fossil Record held at the 8th International Conodont Symposium CY JUN 22-25, 2002 CL Univ Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, FRANCE HO Univ Paul Sabatier DE conodont record; evolution; Cambrian; Ordovician; sea-level changes; sequence stratigraphy ID GREAT-BASIN; STRATOTYPE; MOUNTAIN; POINT AB The evolution of early Palaeozoic conodont faunas shows a clear connection to sea-level changes. One way that this connection manifests itself is that thick successions of carbonates are missing beneath major sequence boundaries due to karstification and erosion. From this observation arises the question of how many taxa have been lost from different conodont lineages in these incomplete successions. Although many taxa suffered extinction due to the environmental stresses associated with falling sea-levels, some must have survived in these extreme conditions. The number of taxa missing in the early Palaeozoic tropics always will be unclear, but it will be even more difficult to evaluate the missing record in detrital successions of higher latitudes. A common pattern in the evolution of Cambrian-Ordovician conodont lineages is appearances of new species at sea-level rises and disappearances at sea-level drops. This simple picture call be complicated by intervals that consistently have no representatives of a particular lineage, even after extensive sampling of the most complete sections. Presumably the lineages survived in undocumented refugia. In this paper, We give examples of evolution in Cambrian-Ordovician shallow-marine conodont faunas and highlight problems of undiscovered or truly missing segments of lineages. C1 Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Geol & Mineral, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. USTL, CNRS, UMR 8014, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Planning, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Earth Sci, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Lehnert, O (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Geol & Mineral, Schlossgarten 5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. EM lehnert@geol.uni-erlangen.de NR 98 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PALAEONTOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ABERYSTWYTH PA C/O DR TIM PALMER, I G E S , UNIV WALES, ABERYSTWYTH SY23 3DB, WALES SN 0038-6804 BN 0-901702-97-8 J9 SPEC PAP PALAEONTOL JI Spec. Pap. Palaeontol. PY 2005 IS 73 BP 117 EP 134 PG 18 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA BCF08 UT WOS:000228995200007 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, BT Voulgaris, G Thieler, ER AF Gutierrez, BT Voulgaris, G Thieler, ER TI Exploring the persistence of sorted bedforms on the inner-shelf of Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rippled scour depressions; sorted bedforms; inner-shelf; sediment transport; bed-roughness; wave-current interaction; North Carolina; USA ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BED ROUGHNESS; COMBINED WAVE; BOTTOM; STRATIFICATION; CALIFORNIA; EVOLUTION; SHOREFACE; STRESS AB Geological studies offshore of Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina reveal subtle large-scale regions of coarse sand with gravel and shell hash (widths between 100 and 200 m and negative relief of similar to1 m) that trend obliquely to the coast. It was previously suggested that these regions serve as conduits for sand exchange between the shoreface and inner shelf during storm-associated downwelling. Consequently they were classified as rippled scour depressions. More recently. the role of alongshore flows and self-organization as a result of inhibited settling of fine sand has been discussed. In this study, 45 days of near-bed current measurements were analyzed using benthic boundary layer and sediment transport models to examine the role of along- and cross-shore flows in driving sediment transport at this site. The wind climate was found to be a dominant influence on near-bed flows. Six distinct sediment transport events were recognized. During these events, sediment transport models show that bedload transport is directed mainly in the cross-shore direction, while suspended sediments are directed alongshore to the southwest. Current observations during these sediment transport events provide no evidence of cross-shore sediment transport caused by steady downwelling currents. Instead. benthic boundary layer model results are used to show that differences in bed roughness between the coarse areas of the seabed within the "rippled scour depressions" and the filter areas of the inner shelf are more pronounced during increasingly energetic wave and current conditions. The enhanced difference in roughness results in increased turbulence intensities over coarse regions inhibiting the deposition of the fine Sand that is resuspended over the shelf during these events relative to finer areas over the shelf. Findings from this study contribute to explaining the observed long-term persistence of these features. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Gutierrez, BT (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, 701 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM bgutierrez@geol.sc.edu RI Voulgaris, George/A-7593-2014; OI Voulgaris, George/0000-0002-0667-8870; Gutierrez, Benjamin/0000-0002-1879-7893; thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 65 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.07.027 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 884YV UT WOS:000226123500005 ER EF