FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ward, MH deKok, TM Levallois, P Brender, J Gulis, G Nolan, BT VanDerslice, J AF Ward, MH deKok, TM Levallois, P Brender, J Gulis, G Nolan, BT VanDerslice, J TI Workgroup report: Drinking-water nitrate and health-recent findings and research needs SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE adverse reproductive outcomes; methemoglobinemia; neoplasms; nitrate; nitrite; N-nitroso compounds; water pollution ID N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CHILDHOOD DIABETES-MELLITUS; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; NITRIC-OXIDE; CANCER-RISK; RED MEAT; ENDOGENOUS FORMATION; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS AB Human alteration of the nitrogen cycle has resulted in steadily accumulating nitrate in our water resources. The U.S. maximum contaminant level and World Health Organization guidelines for nitrate in drinking water were promulgated to protect infants from developing methemoglobinemia, an acute condition. Some scientists have recently suggested that the regulatory limit for nitrate is overly conservative; however, they have not thoroughly considered chronic health outcomes. In August 2004, a symposium on drinking-water nitrate and health was held at the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology meeting to evaluate nitrate exposures and associated health effects in relation to the current regulatory limit. The contribution of drinking-water nitrate toward endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds was evaluated with a focus toward identifying subpopulations with increased rates of nitrosation. Adverse health effects may be the result of a complex interaction of the amount of nitrate ingested, the concomitant ingestion of nitrosation cofactors and precursors, and specific medical conditions that increase nitrosation. Workshop participants concluded that more experimental studies are needed and that a particularly fruitful approach may be to conduct epidemiologic studies among susceptible subgroups with increased endogenous nitrosation. The few epidemiologic studies that have evaluated intake of nitrosation precursors and/or nitrosation inhibitors have observed elevated risks for colon cancer and neural tube defects associated with drinking-water nitrate concentrations below the regulatory limit. The role of drinking-water nitrate exposure as a risk factor for specific cancers, reproductive outcomes, and other chronic health effects must be studied more thoroughly before changes to the regulatory level for nitrate in drinking water can be considered. C1 NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Maastricht, Dept Hlth Risk Anal & Toxicol, Maastricht, Netherlands. Ctr Hosp Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Ctr Hosp Univ Quebec, Unite Rech Sante Publ, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Texas state Univ, Dept Hlth Serv Res, San Marcos, TX USA. Univ Trnava, Dept Publ Hlth, Trnava, Slovakia. Univ So Denmark, Dept Hlth Promot Res, Odense, Denmark. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. RP Ward, MH (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 8104, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM wardm@mail.nih.gov RI Gulis, Gabriel/E-4505-2013; de Kok, Theo/G-6213-2014 NR 99 TC 260 Z9 273 U1 14 U2 96 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 113 IS 11 BP 1607 EP 1614 DI 10.1289/ehp.8043 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 979BI UT WOS:000232916700046 PM 16263519 ER PT J AU McDaniel, NK Sugiura, SH Kehler, T Fletcher, JW Coloso, RM Weis, P Ferraris, RP AF McDaniel, NK Sugiura, SH Kehler, T Fletcher, JW Coloso, RM Weis, P Ferraris, RP TI Dissolved oxygen and dietary phosphorus modulate utilization and effluent partitioning of phosphorus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE aquaculture effluent; effluent partitioning; rainbow trout; fish feed; phosphorus pollution ID CHANNEL CATFISH; GROWTH; FISH; FRACTIONATION; TEMPERATURE; EXPRESSION; CULTURE AB Phosphorus (P) is the limiting nutrient in freshwater primary production, and excessive levels cause premature eutrophication. P levels in aquaculture effluents are now tightly regulated. Increasing our understanding of waste P partitioning into soluble, particulate, and settleable fractions is important in the management of effluent P. When water supply is limited, dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) decreases below the optimum levels. Therefore, we studied effects of DO (6 and 10 mg/L) and dietary P (0.7 and 1.0% P) on rainbow trout growth, P utilization, and effluent P partitioning. Biomass increased by 40% after 3 weeks. DO at 10 mg/L significantly increased fish growth and feed efficiency, and increased the amount of P in the soluble fraction of the effluent. Soluble effluent P was greater in fish fed 1.0% P. DO increases fish growth and modulates P partitioning in aquaculture effluent. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Dept Interior, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Radiol, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Ferraris, RP (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM ferraris@umdnj.edu NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 138 IS 2 BP 350 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.03.004 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 955CG UT WOS:000231201800018 PM 15941611 ER PT J AU Barbour, JP Smith, JA Chiou, CT AF Barbour, JP Smith, JA Chiou, CT TI Sorption of aromatic organic pollutants to grasses from water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-IONIZED CHEMICALS; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; HYDROCARBONS; PLANTS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; GROUNDWATER; BARLEY; MODEL; PCBS AB The influence of plant lipids on the equilibrium sorption of three aromatic solutes from water was studied. The plant-water sorption isotherms of benzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and phenanthrene were measured over a large range of solute concentrations using sealed vessels containing water, dried plant material, and solute. The plant materials studied include the shoots of annual rye, tall fescue, red fescue, and spinach as well as the roots of annual rye. Seven out of eight sorption isotherms were linear with no evidence of competitive effects between the solutes. For a given plant type, the sorption coefficient increased with decreasing solute water solubility. For a given solute, sorption increased with increasing plant lipid content. The estimated lipid-water partition coefficients of individual solutes were found to be significantly greater than the corresponding octanol-water partition coefficients. This indicates that plant lipids are a more effective partition solvent than octanol for the studied aromatic compounds. As expected, the solute lipid-water partition coefficients were log-linearly related to the respective water solubilities. For the compounds studied, partitioning into the lipids is believed to be the primary sorption mechanism. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Civil Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Civil Engn, POB 400742, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM jsmith@virginia.edu RI Smith, James/B-4617-2011; Chiou, Cary/C-3203-2013 NR 41 TC 24 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 21 BP 8369 EP 8373 DI 10.1021/es0504946 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981HJ UT WOS:000233078000042 PM 16294875 ER PT J AU Ingersoll, CG AF Ingersoll, CG TI Mentoring early career professionals in the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, SETAC N Amer, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Ingersoll, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SETAC N Amer, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2715 EP 2716 DI 10.1897/05-434R.1 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 974WJ UT WOS:000232621800001 PM 16398104 ER PT J AU Ingersoll, CG Wang, N Hayward, JMR Jones, JR Jones, SB Ireland, DS AF Ingersoll, CG Wang, N Hayward, JMR Jones, JR Jones, SB Ireland, DS TI A field assessment of long-term laboratory sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sediment toxicology; Hyalella azteca; benthic community; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; METAL-CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; MIDGE CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; QUALITY TRIAD APPROACH; GRAND-CALUMET RIVER; INDIANA HARBOR AREA; CLARK-FORK RIVER; LIFE-CYCLE TEST; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES AB Response of the amphipod Hyalella azteca exposed to contaminated sediments for 10 to 42 d in laboratory toxicity tests was compared to responses observed in controlled three-month invertebrate colonization exposures conducted in a pond. Sediments evaluated included a sediment spiked with dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) or dilutions of afield sediment collected from the Grand Calumet River (GCR) in Indiana (USA) (contaminated with organic compounds and metals). Consistent effects were observed at the highest exposure concentrations (400 mu g DDD/goc [DDD concentrations normalized to grams of organic carbon (goc) in sediment] or 4% GCR sediment) on survival, length, and reproduction of amphipods in the laboratory and on abundance of invertebrates colonizing sediments in the field. Effect concentrations for DDD observed for 10-d length and 42-d. reproduction of amphipods (e.g., chronic value [ChV] of 66 mu g DDD/goc and 25% inhibition concentration [IC25] of 68 mu g DDD/goc for reproduction) were similar to the lowest effect concentrations for DDD measured on invertebrates colonizing sediment the field. Effect concentrations for GCR sediment on 28-d survival and length and 42-d reproduction and length of amphipods (i.e., ChVs of 0.20-0.66% GCR sediment) provided more conservative effect concentrations compared to 10-d survival or length of amphipods in the laboratory or the response of invertebrates colonizing sediment in the field (e.g., ChVs of 2.2% GCR sediment). Results of this study indicate that use of chronic laboratory toxicity tests with H. azteca and benthic colonization studies should be used to provide conservative estimates of impacts on benthic communities exposed to contaminated sediments. Bioaccumulation of DDD by oligochaetes colonizing the DDD-spiked sediment was similar to results of laboratory sediment tests previously conducted with the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegates, confirming that laboratory exposures can be used to estimate bioaccumulation by oligochaetes exposed in the field. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. AScI Corp, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Ingersoll, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM cingersoll@usgs.gov NR 91 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 18 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2853 EP 2870 DI 10.1897/04-393R.1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 974WJ UT WOS:000232621800020 PM 16398123 ER PT J AU Croteau, MN Luoma, SN AF Croteau, MN Luoma, SN TI Delineating copper accumulation pathways for the freshwater bivalve Corbicula using stable copper isotopes SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dietary exposure; uptake route; biodynamics; assimilation efficiency; copper ID MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; BIOACCUMULATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; ASSIMILATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; INVERTEBRATES; TOXICITY; CD AB Delineation of metal uptake routes in aquatic invertebrates is critical for characterizing bioaccumulation dynamics and assessing risks associated with metal exposure. Here we demonstrate that Cu stable isotopic ratios can be manipulated in both exposure media and algae to determine the efflux rate constant (k(e)) and to estimate Cu assimilation efficiency (AE) from ingested food in a freshwater bivalve (Corbicula fluminea). The Cu AE in Corbicula fed (65)Cu-spiked Cryptomonas ozolini was 38%. Copper uptake routes had no significant influence on efflux; ke of 0.004 per day characterized the slowest component of efflux following short-term exposures to (65)Cu in water or in both food and water. Incorporation of the physiological parameters for dietary and dissolved uptake as well as rate constants of loss into a bioaccumulation model allowed for assessing the relative contribution of water and food as Cu sources. At [(65)Cu(2+)] of 6.7 mu g/L, Corbicula accumulated twice as much Cu front diet as from water. In most freshwater systems, the dietary pathway is likely to act as the major Cu uptake route for Corbicula. Extrapolation of our laboratory results to the San Francisco Bay-Delta (California, USA) indicated that our biodynamic model and the laboratory-derived parameters for dietary (65)Cu uptake provided a realistic representation of the processes involved in Cu accumulation by the bivalve Corbicula. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Croteau, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcroteau@usgs.gov RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 27 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2871 EP 2878 DI 10.1897/04-608R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 974WJ UT WOS:000232621800021 PM 16398124 ER PT J AU Brooks, RA Bell, SS AF Brooks, RA Bell, SS TI A multivariate study of mangrove morphology (Rhizophora mangle) using both above and below-water plant architecture SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forest type; fringing; habitat architecture; habitat classification; overwash; prop root; red mangrove; Rhizophora ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC GAS-EXCHANGE; ROOT-BORING ISOPOD; RED MANGROVE; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; SOUTH FLORIDA; FOREST; FISH; HERBIVORY; ASSEMBLAGES; COMMUNITIES AB A descriptive study of the architecture of the red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L., habitat of Tampa Bay, FL, was conducted to assess if plant architecture could be used to discriminate overwash from fringing forest type. Seven above-water (e.g., tree height, diameter at breast height, and leaf area) and 10 below-water (e.g., root density, root complexity, and maximum root order) architectural features were measured in eight mangrove stands. A multivariate technique (discriminant analysis) was used to test the ability of different models comprising above-water, below-water, or whole tree architecture to classify forest type. Root architectural features appear to be better than classical forestry measurements at discriminating between fringing and overwash forests but, regardless of the features loaded into the model, misclassification rates were high as forest type was only correctly classified in 66% of the cases. Based upon habitat architecture, the results of this study do not support a sharp distinction between overwash and fringing red mangrove forests in Tampa Bay but rather indicate that the two are architecturally undistinguishable. Therefore, within this northern portion of the geographic range of red mangroves, a more appropriate classification system based upon architecture may be one in which overwash and fringing forest types are combined into a single, "tide dominated" category. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP ENSR Int, 9700 16th St, St Petersburg, FL 33716 USA. EM rbrooks@ensr.com NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 65 IS 3 BP 440 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.06.019 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 975SF UT WOS:000232681500006 ER PT J AU Causey, D Corbett, DG Lefevre, C West, DL Savinetsky, AB Kiseleva, NK Khassanov, BF AF Causey, D Corbett, DG Lefevre, C West, DL Savinetsky, AB Kiseleva, NK Khassanov, BF TI The palaeoenvironment of humans and marine birds of the Aleutian Islands: three millennia of change SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Aleutian Islands; environmental change; marine birds; paleobiology; population dynamics; zooarcheology ID BERING-SEA; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; AMCHITKA-ISLAND; NORTH-AMERICA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; BULDIR-ISLAND; OKHOTSK SEA; ALASKA; CLIMATE; ZOOARCHAEOLOGY AB A unique window into the biological history of the Aleutian Islands is provided by the zooarchaeology of early human sites. We focus on the palaeoavifauna hunted by early Aleuts who inhabited Amchitka and Buldir islands (central Aleutians), and Shemya Island (western Aleutians) from c. 3500 yr ago to the present. Most of the seabird species recovered from these early sites varied widely in distribution and abundance through time and space. Pelagic procellariids such as short-tailed albatrosses and short-tailed shearwaters were present and abundant at most sites and at most times. During periods of increased temperatures and precipitation (e.g. 650-1100 yr BP), nearshore foragers such as cormorants and parakeet auklets increased in abundance, but during periods of cooling (e.g. 1800-2100 yr BP), piscivorous birds feeding offshore, such as murres and kittiwakes, predominated. Over three millennia, we found that marine bird populations were negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with precipitation. We detected hunter-related depletions of populations breeding in accessible colonies at small scales of space and time, but we did not observe widespread or long-term effects. We conclude that local oceanography and regional changes in prey bases caused by environmental and climate change in the past had a significant impact on the distribution and abundance of Aleutian marine birds. C1 Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99516 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Ecol & Gest Biodivers, F-75231 Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 5197, Paris, France. Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia. RP Causey, D (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dcausey@uaa.alaska.edu RI Causey, Douglas/A-1675-2009 OI Causey, Douglas/0000-0002-4302-1771 NR 116 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 SU 1 BP 259 EP 276 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00365.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 968GG UT WOS:000232149300017 ER PT J AU Guo, QF AF Guo, QF TI Possible cryptic invasion through "back introduction"? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie WRC, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Guo, QF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie WRC, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM qguo@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 3 IS 9 BP 470 EP 471 DI 10.2307/3868629 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 982BI UT WOS:000233131400014 ER PT J AU Paull, CK Ussler, W Lorenson, T Winters, W Dougherty, J AF Paull, CK Ussler, W Lorenson, T Winters, W Dougherty, J TI Geochemical constraints on the distribution of gas hydrates in the Gulf of Mexico SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SLOPE; SEDIMENTS; METHANE; WATER; SHELF AB Gas hydrates are common within near-seafloor sediments immediately surrounding fluid and gas venting sites on the continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico. However, the distribution of gas hydrates within sediments away from the vents is poorly documented, yet critical for gas hydrate assessments. Porewater chloride and sulfate concentrations, hydrocarbon gas compositions, and geothermal gradients obtained during a porewater geochemical survey of the northern Gulf of Mexico suggest that the lack of bottom simulating reflectors in gas-rich areas of the gulf may be the consequence of elevated porewater salinity, geothermal gradients, and microbial gas compositions in sediments away from fault conduits. C1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Paull, CK (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. NR 24 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 5 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s00367-005-0001-3 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 988AZ UT WOS:000233565100001 ER PT J AU Bornhold, BD Jay, CV McConnaughey, R Rathwell, G Rhynas, K Collins, W AF Bornhold, BD Jay, CV McConnaughey, R Rathwell, G Rhynas, K Collins, W TI Walrus foraging marks on the seafloor in Bristol Bay, Alaska: a reconnaissance survey SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BERING SEA; CHUKCHI SEA; GRAY WHALE; DISTURBANCE; SHELF AB A reconnaissance sidescan sonar survey in Bristol Bay, Alaska revealed extensive areas of seafloor with features related to walrus foraging. They are similar to those seen in areas such as the outer Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea. Two types of feature were observed: (a) small (<< I in diameter) shallow pits, often in clusters ranging in density from 5 pits per hectare to 35 pits per hectare; and, (b) more abundant, narrow, sinuous furrows, typically 5 to 10 in long with some reaching 20 in or more. Most foraging marks were in less than 60 in water depth in areas of sandy seafloor that were smooth, hummocky or characterized by degraded bedforms; the absence of foraging marks in other areas may be related, in part, to their more dynamic nature. The distribution of foraging marks was consistent in a general way with walrus locations from satellite telemetry studies. C1 Coastal & Ocean Resources Inc, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Quester Tangent Corp, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada. RP Bornhold, BD (reprint author), Coastal & Ocean Resources Inc, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada. EM brian@coastalandoceans.com NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 5 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1007/s00367-004-0205-y PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 988AZ UT WOS:000233565100003 ER PT J AU Barnhardt, WA Richmond, BM Grossman, EE Hart, P AF Barnhardt, WA Richmond, BM Grossman, EE Hart, P TI Possible modes of coral-reef development at Molokai, Hawaii, inferred from seismic-reflection profiling SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRINGING-REEF; SEA; EVOLUTION; CHANNEL; OCEAN; USA AB High-resolution, seismic-reflection data elucidate the late Quaternary development of the largest coral-reef complex in the main Hawaiian Islands. Six acoustic facies were identified from reflection characteristics and lithosome geometry. An extensive, buried platform with uniformly low relief was traced beneath fore-reef and marginal shelf environments. This highly reflective surface dips gently seaward to similar to 130 m depth and locally crops out on the seafloor. It probably represents a wave-cut platform or ancient reef flat. We propose alternative evolutionary models, in which sealevel changes have modulated the development of reef systems, to explain the observed stratigraphic relationships. The primary difference between the models is the origin of the underlying antecedent surface, which arguably could have formed during either regression/lowstand or subsequent transgression. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Barnhardt, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM wbarnhardt@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 5 BP 315 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s00367-005-0214-5 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 988AZ UT WOS:000233565100006 ER PT J AU Forester, RM Lowenstein, TK Spencer, RJ AF Forester, RM Lowenstein, TK Spencer, RJ TI An ostracode based paleolimnologic and paleohydrologic history of Death Valley: 200 to 0 ka SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Death Valley; paleohydrology; paleolimnology; ostracodes; climate ID RECORD; CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE; CHRONOLOGY; BASIN; LAKES; CORE; KY AB Death Valley, a complex tectonic and hydrologic basin, was cored from its lowest surface elevation to a depth of 186 m. The sediments range from bedded primary halite to black muds. Continental ostracodes found in the black muds indicate that those sediments were deposited in a variety of hydrologic settings ranging from deep, relatively fresh water to shallow saline lakes to spring discharge supported wetlands. The alkaline-enriched, calcium-depleted paleolake waters indicate extrabasinal streamflow and basin-margin spring discharge. The alkaline-depleted, calcium-enriched paleowetland waters indicate intrabasinal spring discharge. During Marine Isotope Stage 6 (MIS 6, ca. 180-140 ka) the hydrologic settings were highly variable, implying that complex relations existed between climate and basin hydrology. Termination II (MIS 6 to MIS 5E) was a complex multicyclic sequence of paleoenvironments, implying that climates oscillated between high and low effective moisture. MIS 4 (ca. 73-61 ka) was a spring discharge supported wetland complex. During MIS 2 (ca. 20-12 ka) the hydrologic settings were variable, although they are not fully understood because some black muds deposited during that time were lost during coring. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Binghamton Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP US Geol Survey, MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM forester@usgs.gov; lowenst@binghamton.edu; spencer@ucalgary.ca NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 117 IS 11-12 BP 1379 EP 1386 DI 10.1130/B25637.1 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 981FH UT WOS:000233072400001 ER PT J AU Langenheim, VE Jachens, RC Matti, JC Hauksson, E Morton, DM Christensen, A AF Langenheim, VE Jachens, RC Matti, JC Hauksson, E Morton, DM Christensen, A TI Geophysical evidence for wedging in the San Gorgonio Pass structural knot, southern San Andreas fault zone, southern California SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE San Andreas fault; wedging; gravity data; magnetic data; Banning fault; San Gorgonio Pass ID EASTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; NORTH PALM-SPRINGS; EARTHQUAKE; SEISMICITY; MOUNTAINS; GRAVITY; DEFORMATION; ANOMALIES; VELOCITY AB Geophysical data and surface geology define intertonguing thrust wedges that form the upper crust in the San Gorgonio Pass region. This picture serves as the basis for inferring past fault movements within the San Andreas system, which are fundamental to understanding the tectonic evolution of the San Gorgonio Pass region. Interpretation of gravity data indicates that sedimentary rocks have been thrust at least 5 km in the central part of San Gorgonio Pass beneath basement rocks of the southeast San Bernardino Mountains. Subtle, long-wavelength magnetic anomalies indicate that a magnetic body extends in the subsurface north of San Gorgonio Pass and south under Peninsular Ranges basement, and has a southern edge that is roughly parallel to, but 5-6 km south of, the surface trace of the Banning fault. This deep magnetic body is composed either of upper-plate rocks of San Gabriel Mountains basement or rocks of San Bernardino Mountains basement or both. We suggest that transpression across the San Gorgonio Pass region drove a wedge of Peninsular Ranges basement and its overlying sedimentary cover northward into the San Bernardino Mountains during the Neogene, offsetting the Banning fault at shallow depth. Average rates of convergence implied by this offset are broadly consistent with estimates of convergence from other geologic and geodetic data. Seismicity suggests a deeper detachment surface beneath the deep magnetic body. This interpretation suggests that the fault mapped at the surface evolved not only in map but also in cross-sectional view. Given the multilayered nature of deformation, it is unlikely that the San Andreas fault will rupture cleanly through the complex structures in San Gorgonio Pass. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM zulanger@usgs.gov; jachens@usgs.gov; jmatti@usgs.gov; hauksson@gps.caltech.edu; scamp@usgs.gov; ahchrist@usgs.gov OI Hauksson, Egill/0000-0002-6834-5051 NR 66 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 117 IS 11-12 BP 1554 EP 1572 DI 10.1130/B25760.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 981FH UT WOS:000233072400012 ER PT J AU Clift, PD Pavlis, T DeBari, SM Draut, AE Rioux, M Kelemen, PB AF Clift, PD Pavlis, T DeBari, SM Draut, AE Rioux, M Kelemen, PB TI Subduction erosion of the Jurassic Talkeetna-Bonanza arc and the mesozoic accretionary tectonics of western North America SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; terrane accretion; subduction; tectonic erosion; collision ID BORDER RANGES FAULT; WRANGELLIA COMPOSITE TERRANE; NEAR-TRENCH PLUTONISM; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; ISLAND-ARC; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; EVOLUTION; RECORD; METAMORPHISM; MOUNTAINS AB The Jurassic Talkeetna volcanic are of south-central Alaska is an oceanic island arc that formed far from the North American margin. Geochronological, geochemical, and structural data indicate that the arc formed above a north-dipping subduction zone after ca. 201 Ma. Magmatism migrated northward into the region of the Talkeetna Mountains ca. 180 Ma. We interpret this magmatism as the product of removal of the original forearc while the arc was active, mainly by tectonic erosion. Rapid exhumation of the arc after ca. 160 Ma coincided with the sedimentation of the coarse elastic Naknek Formation. This exhumation event is interpreted to reflect collision of the Talkeetna arc with either the active margin of North America or the Wrangellia composite terrane to the north along a second north-dipping subduction zone. The juxtaposition of accreted trench sedimentary rocks (Chugach terrane) against the base of the Talkeetna arc sequence requires a change from a state of tectonic erosion to accretion, probably during the Late Jurassic (before 150 Ma), and definitely before the Early Cretaceous (ca. 125 Ma). The change from erosion to accretion probably reflects increasing sediment flux to the trench due to collision ca. 160 Ma. C1 Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Clift, PD (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. RI Rioux, Matthew/I-2500-2012; Kelemen, Peter/D-6813-2013; OI Kelemen, Peter/0000-0003-4757-0855; East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 NR 33 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 17 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD NOV PY 2005 VL 33 IS 11 BP 881 EP 884 DI 10.1130/G21822.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 981AI UT WOS:000233059000011 ER PT J AU Burr, D AF Burr, D TI Clustered streamlined forms in Athabasca Valles, Mars: Evidence for sediment deposition during floodwater ponding (vol 71, pg 441, 2005) SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Astrvgeol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Burr, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrvgeol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dburr@seti.org NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3-4 BP 441 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.003 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 985CI UT WOS:000233353300013 ER PT J AU Nabighian, MN Grauch, VJS Hansen, RO LaFehr, TR Li, Y Peirce, JW Phillips, JD Ruder, ME AF Nabighian, MN Grauch, VJS Hansen, RO LaFehr, TR Li, Y Peirce, JW Phillips, JD Ruder, ME TI 75th Anniversary - The historical development of the magnetic method in exploration SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID POTENTIAL-FIELD DATA; GEOMAGNETIC REFERENCE FIELD; GENERALIZED HILBERT-TRANSFORMS; CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM; POLYGONAL CROSS-SECTION; CEMENT OIL-FIELD; TO-THE-POLE; EULER DECONVOLUTION; AEROMAGNETIC DATA; WERNER DECONVOLUTION AB The magnetic method, perhaps the oldest of geophysical exploration techniques, blossomed after the advent of airborne surveys in World War II. With improvements in instrumentation, navigation, and platform compensation, it is now possible to map the entire crustal section at a variety of scales, from strongly magnetic basement at regional scale to weakly magnetic sedimentary contacts at local scale. Methods of data filtering, display, and interpretation have also advanced, especially with the availability of low-cost, high-performance personal computers and color raster graphics. The magnetic method is the primary exploration tool in the search for minerals. In other arenas, the magnetic method has evolved from its sole use for mapping basement structure to include a wide range of new applications, such as locating intrasedimentary faults, defining subtle lithologic contacts, mapping salt domes in weakly magnetic sediments, and better defining targets through 3D inversion. These new applications have increased the method's utility in all realms of exploration - in the search for minerals, oil and gas, geothermal resources, and groundwater, and for a variety of other purposes such as natural hazards assessment, mapping impact structures, and engineering and environmental studies. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. PRJ Inc, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. GEDCO, Calgary, AB T2P 3E2, Canada. Wintermoon Geotechnol Inc, Denver, CO 80206 USA. RP Colorado Sch Mines, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mnabighi@mines.edu; tien@usgs.gov; rohansen@prj.com; lafehr@bresnan.net; ygli@mines.edu; jwpeirce@gedco.com; jeff@usgs.gov; meruder@wintermoon.com NR 364 TC 82 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 5 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 70 IS 6 BP 33ND EP 61ND DI 10.1190/1.2133784 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 989VR UT WOS:000233702600004 ER PT J AU Nabighian, MN Ander, ME Grauch, VJS Hansen, RO LaFehr, TR Li, Y Pearson, WC Peirce, JW Phillips, JD Ruder, ME AF Nabighian, MN Ander, ME Grauch, VJS Hansen, RO LaFehr, TR Li, Y Pearson, WC Peirce, JW Phillips, JD Ruder, ME TI 75th Anniversary - Historical development of the gravity method in exploration SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID POTENTIAL-FIELD DATA; 2-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETIC BODIES; POLYGONAL CROSS-SECTION; TOTAL BOUGUER REDUCTION; MEAN SEA-SURFACE; RIO-GRANDE RIFT; ANALYTIC SIGNAL; ALTIMETER DATA; CONSTRAINED INVERSION; HORIZONTAL-GRADIENT AB The gravity method was the first geophysical technique to be used in oil and gas exploration. Despite being eclipsed by seismology, it has continued to be an important and sometimes crucial constraint in a number of exploration areas. In oil exploration the gravity method is particularly applicable in salt provinces, overthrust and foothills belts, underexplored basins, and targets of interest that underlie high-velocity zones. The gravity method is used frequently in mining applications to map subsurface geology and to directly calculate ore reserves for some massive sulfide ore-bodies. There is also a modest increase in the use of gravity techniques in specialized investigations for shallow targets. Gravimeters have undergone continuous improvement during the past 25 years, particularly in their ability to function in a dynamic environment. This and the advent of global positioning systems (GPS) have led to a marked improvement in the quality of marine gravity and have transformed airborne gravity from a regional technique to a prospect-level exploration tool that is particularly applicable in remote areas or transition zones that are otherwise inaccessible. Recently, moving-platform gravity gradiometers have become available and promise to play an important role in future exploration. Data reduction, filtering, and visualization, together with low-cost, powerful personal computers and color graphics, have transformed the interpretation of gravity data. The state of the art is illustrated with three case histories: 3D modeling of gravity data to map aquifers in the Albuquerque Basin, the use of marine gravity gradiometry combined with 3D seismic data to map salt keels in the Gulf of Mexico, and the use of airborne gravity gradiometry in exploration for kimberlites in Canada. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Ander Lab LLC, Austin, TX 78749 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. PRJ Inc, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. Pearson Technol Inc, Denver, CO 80202 USA. GEDCO, Calgary, AB T2P 3E2, Canada. Wintermoon Geotechnol Inc, Denver, CO 80206 USA. RP Colorado Sch Mines, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mnabighi@mines.edu; mark@anderlab.com; tien@usgs.gov; rohansen@prj.com; lafehr@bresnan.net; ygli@mines.edu; bpearson@pearsontechnologies.com; jwpeirce@gedco.com; jeff@usgs.gov; meruder@wintermoon.com NR 283 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 7 U2 38 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 70 IS 6 BP 63ND EP 89ND DI 10.1190/1.2133785 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 989VR UT WOS:000233702600005 ER PT J AU Wilson, R Pike, R AF Wilson, R Pike, R TI Watching for landslide weather in California SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wilson, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD NOV PY 2005 VL 50 IS 11 BP 28 EP 31 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 983FX UT WOS:000233217800019 ER PT J AU Bekins, BA Cozzarelli, IM Curtis, GP AF Bekins, BA Cozzarelli, IM Curtis, GP TI A simple method for calculating growth rates of petroleum hydrocarbon plumes SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID OIL SPILL SITE; NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES; CRUDE-OIL; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; GRAVEL AQUIFER; SHALLOW SAND; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BIODEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER; OXIDATION AB Consumption of aquifer Fe(III) during biodegradation of ground water contaminants may result in expansion of a contaminant plume, changing the outlook for monitored natural attenuation. Data from two research sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons show that toluene and xylenes degrade under methanogenic conditions, but the benzene and ethylbenzene plumes grow as aquifer Fe(III) supplies are depleted. By considering a one-dimensional reaction front in a constant unidirectional flow field, it is possible to derive a simple expression for the growth rate of a benzene plume. The method balances the mass flux of benzene with the Fe(III) content of the aquifer, assuming that the biodegradation reaction is instantaneous. The resulting expression shows that the benzene front migration is retarded relative to the ground water velocity by a factor that depends on the concentrations of hydrocarbon and bioavailable Fe(III). The method provides good agreement with benzene plumes at a crude oil study site in Minnesota and a gasoline site in South Carolina. Compared to the South Carolina site, the Minnesota site has 25% higher benzene flux but eight times the Fe(III), leading to about one-sixth the expansion rate. Although it was developed for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes, the growth-rate estimation method may have applications to contaminant plumes from other persistent contaminant sources. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Bekins, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 43 IS 6 BP 817 EP 826 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00093.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 984SE UT WOS:000233323800010 PM 16324003 ER PT J AU Fisher, TG Loope, WL AF Fisher, TG Loope, WL TI Aeolian sand preserved in Silver Lake: a new signal of Holocene high stands of Lake Michigan SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE aeolian sand; Silver Lake; Lake Michigan; niveo-aeolian processes; sand dunes; lake-level variations; high stands; proxy records; Nipissing; Holocene ID BEACH-RIDGE DEVELOPMENT; DUNE DEVELOPMENT; AGE CALIBRATION; EOLIAN ACTIVITY; NORTH-AMERICA; LEVEL; SUPERIOR; RECORD; HISTORY; SHORE AB Aeolian sand within lake sediment from Silver Lake, Michigan can be used as a proxy for the timing of high lake levels of Lake Michigan. We demonstrate that the sand record from Silver Lake plotted as percent weight is in-phase with the elevation curve of Lake Michigan since the mid-Holocene Nipissing Phase. Because fluctuations in Lake Michigan's lake level are recorded in beach ridges, and are a response to climate change, the aeolian sand record within Silver Lake is also a proxy for climate change. It appears that increases in dune activity and lake sand are controlled by similar climatic shifts that drive fluctuations in lake level of Lake Michigan. High lake levels destabilize coastal bluffs that drive dune sand instability, and along with greater wintertime storminess, increase niveo-aeolian transport of sand across lake ice. The sand is introduced into the lake each spring as the ice cover melts. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. US Geol Survey, Munising, MI 49862 USA. RP Fisher, TG (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, MS 604, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM Timothy.Fisher@UToledo.edu RI Fisher, Timothy/C-2609-2011 NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU HODDER ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD NOV PY 2005 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1072 EP 1078 DI 10.1191/0959683605hl879rr PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 982CK UT WOS:000233135300013 ER PT J AU Burr, DA Soare, RJ Tseung, JMWB Emery, JP AF Burr, DA Soare, RJ Tseung, JMWB Emery, JP TI Young (late Amazonian), near-surface, ground ice features near the equator, Athabasca Valles, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN-ARCTIC-COAST; LIQUID WATER; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; CERBERUS FOSSAE; RING STRUCTURES; SUBSURFACE ICE; PINGO GROWTH; FLOOD LAVAS; CANADA; ANTARCTICA AB A suite of four feature types in a similar to 20 km(2) area near 10 degrees N, 204'degrees W in Athabasca Valles is interpreted to have resulted from near-surface,around ice. These features include mounds, conical forms with rimmed summit depressions, flatter irregularly-shaped forms with raised rims, and polygonal terrain. Based on morphology, size, and analogy to terrestrial,round ice forms, these Athabascan features are interpreted as pingos, collapsing pingos, pingo scars. and thermal contraction polygons, respectively. Thermal Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (THEMIS) data and geological features in the area are consistent with a sedimentary Substrate underlying these features. These observations lead us to favor a ground ice interpretation, although we do not rule out volcanic and especially glaciofluvial hypotheses. The hypothesized ground ice that formed the mounds and rimmed features may have been emplaced via the deposition of Saturated sediment during flooding; an alternative scenario invokes magmatically cycled groundwater. The ground ice implicit in the hypothesized thermal contraction polygons may have derived either from this flooding/ground water, or from atmospheric water vapor. The lack of obvious flood modification of the Mounds and rimmed features indicates that they formed after the most recent flood inundated the area. Analogy with terrestrial pingos suggests that,round ice may be still extant within the positive relief Mounds. As the water that flooded down Athabasca Valles emerged via a volcanotectonic fissure from a deep aquifer, any extant pingo ice may contain evidence of a deep subsurface biosphere. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Concordia Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Burr, DA (reprint author), SETI Inst, 515 N Whisman Dr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM dburr@pirl.lpl.arizona.edu NR 89 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 178 IS 1 BP 56 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.04.012 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 977ZA UT WOS:000232840800006 ER PT J AU Todd, AS Sattelberg, RM AF Todd, Andrew S. Sattelberg, R. Mark TI Actinides in Deer Tissues at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Actinides; Tissue concentrations; Refuge management; Ungulates; Human risk AB Limited hunting of deer at the future Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge has been proposed in U.S. Fish and Wildlife planning documents as a compatible wildlife-dependent public use. Historically, Rocky Flats site activities resulted in the contamination of surface environmental media with actinides, including isotopes of americium, plutonium, and uranium. In this study, measurements of actinides [Americium-241 (Am-241); Plutonium-238 (Pu-238); Plutonium-239,240 (Pu-239,Pu-240); uranium-233,244 (U-233,U-234); uranium-235,236 (U-235,U-236); and uranium-238 (U-238)] were completed on select liver, muscle, lung, bone, and kidney tissue samples harvested from resident Rocky Flats deer (N = 26) and control deer (N = 1). In total, only 17 of the more than 450 individual isotopic analyses conducted on Rocky Flats deer tissue samples measured actinide concentrations above method detection limits. Of these 17 detects, only 2 analyses, with analytical uncertainty values added, exceeded threshold values calculated around a 1 x 10(-6) risk level (isotopic americium, 0.01 pCi/g; isotopic plutonium, 0.02 pCi/g; isotopic uranium, 0.2 pCi/g). Subsequent, conservative risk calculations suggest minimal human risk associated with ingestion of these edible deer tissues. The maximum calculated risk level in this study (4.73 x 10(-6)) is at the low end of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's acceptable risk range. C1 [Todd, Andrew S.; Sattelberg, R. Mark] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rocky Mt Arsenal NWR, Bldg 111, Commerce City, CO 80022 USA. RP Sattelberg, RM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rocky Mt Arsenal NWR, Bldg 111, Commerce City, CO 80022 USA. EM mark_sattelberg@fws.gov FU USDOE [DE-AI34-02RFO2046] FX Support for this work was provided through an interagency agreement (DE-AI34-02RFO2046) with the USDOE. We would like to thank Ward Whicker for his insight and comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We are also grateful to Michael Wedermyer and the Colorado Division of Wildlife for their support in the collection of tissue samples. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 1 IS 4 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630010408 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WS UT WOS:000209712100009 PM 16639905 ER PT J AU Puckett, LJ Hughes, WB AF Puckett, LJ Hughes, WB TI Transport and fate of nitrate and pesticides: Hydrogeology and riparian zone processes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID IN-GROUND WATER; OUTWASH AQUIFER; DEGRADATION; DENITRIFICATION; HERBICIDES; NITROGEN; ATRAZINE; METOLACHLOR; METABOLITES; RETENTION AB There is continuing concern over potential impacts of widespread application of nutrients and pesticides on ground- and surface-water quality. Transport and fate of nitrate and pesticides were investigated in a shallow aquifer and adjacent stream, Cow Castle Creek, in Orangeburg County, South Carolina. Pesticide and pesticide degradate concentrations were detected in ground water with greatest frequency and largest concentrations directly beneath and downgradient from the corn (Zea mays L.) field where they were applied. In almost all samples in which they were detected, concentrations of pesticide degradates greatly exceeded those of parent compounds, and were still present in ground waters that were recharged during the previous 18 yr. The absence of both parent and degradate compounds in samples collected from deeper in the aquifer suggests that this persistence is limited or that the ground water had recharged before use of the pesticide. Concentrations of NO3- in ground water decreased with increasing depth and age, but denitrification was not a dominant controlling factor. Hydrologic and chemical data indicated that ground water discharges to the creek and chemical exchange takes place within the upper 0.7 m of the streambed. Ground water had its greatest influence on surface-water chemistry during low-flow periods, causing a decrease in concentrations of Cl-, NO3-, pesticides, and pesticide degradates. Conversely, shallow subsurface drainage dominates stream chemistry during high-flow periods, increasing stream concentrations of Cl-, NOT, pesticides, and pesticide degradates. These results point out the importance of understanding the hydrogeologic setting when investigating transport and fate of contaminants in ground water and surface water. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Norcross, GA 30360 USA. RP Puckett, LJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 413 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lpuckett@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2278 EP 2292 DI 10.1234/jeq2005.0109 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984NL UT WOS:000233311500041 PM 16275729 ER PT J AU Roff, DA Remes, V Martin, TE AF Roff, DA Remes, V Martin, TE TI The evolution of fledging age in songbirds SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age at maturity; evolution; fledging age; logistic growth; nest mortality; optimality; passerines ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; NEST PREDATION; EUROPEAN BIRDS; JUVENILE SURVIVAL; BODY-WEIGHT; EGG SIZE; COVARIATION; FITNESS; GROWTH; RATES AB In birds with altricial young an important stage in the life history is the age at fledging. In this paper we use an approach proven successful in the prediction of the optimal age at maturity in fish and reptiles to predict the optimal age of fledging in passerines. Integrating the effects of growth on future fecundity and survival leads to the prediction that the optimal age at fledging is given by a function that comprises survival to maturity, the exponent of the fecundity-body size relationship and nestling growth. Growth is described by the logistic equation with parameters, A, K and t(i). Assuming that the transitional mortality curve can be approximated by the nestling mortality, M-n, the optimal fledging age, t(f), is given by a simple formula involving the three growth parameters, nestling mortality (M-n) and the exponent (d) of the fecundity-body size relationship. Predictions of this equation underestimate the true values by 11-16%, which is expected as a consequence of the transitional mortality function approximation. A transitional mortality function in which mortality is approximately 0.3-0.4 of nesting mortality (i.e. mortality declines rapidly after fledging) produces predictions which, on average, equal the observed values. Data are presented showing that mortality does indeed decline rapidly upon fledging. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Ornithol Lab, CR-77147 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Roff, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM Derek.roff@ucr.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; Remes, Vladimir/B-6842-2016 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867; NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-061X J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1425 EP 1433 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00958.x PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 982GL UT WOS:000233146000006 PM 16313455 ER PT J AU Zawada, DG Zaneveld, JRV Boss, E Gardner, WD Richardson, MJ Mishonov, AV AF Zawada, DG Zaneveld, JRV Boss, E Gardner, WD Richardson, MJ Mishonov, AV TI A comparison of hydrographically and optically derived mixed layer depths SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID UPPER-OCEAN RESPONSE; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ARABIAN SEA; CHLOROPHYLL; SURFACE; VARIABILITY AB Efforts to understand and model the dynamics of the upper ocean would be significantly advanced given the ability to rapidly determine mixed layer depths (MLDs) over large regions. Remote sensing technologies are an ideal choice for achieving this goal. This study addresses the feasibility of estimating MLDs from optical properties. These properties are strongly influenced by suspended particle concentrations, which generally reach a maximum at pycnoclines. The premise therefore is to use a gradient in beam attenuation at 660 nm (c660) as a proxy for the depth of a particle-scattering layer. Using a global data set collected during World Ocean Circulation Experiment cruises from 1988-1997, six algorithms were employed to compute MLDs from either density or temperature profiles. Given the absence of published optically based MLD algorithms, two new methods were developed that use c660 profiles to estimate the MLD. Intercomparison of the six hydrographically based algorithms revealed some significant disparities among the resulting MLD values. Comparisons between the hydrographical and optical approaches indicated a first-order agreement between the MLDs based on the depths of gradient maxima for density and c660. When comparing various hydrographically based algorithms, other investigators reported that inherent fluctuations of the mixed layer depth limit the accuracy of its determination to 20 m. Using this benchmark, we found a similar to 70% agreement between the best hydrographical-optical algorithm pairings. C1 WET Labs Inc, Philomath, OR 97370 USA. Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zawada, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM dzawada@usgs.gov RI Zawada, David/C-5209-2008; Mishonov, Alexey/F-3211-2011; Boss, Emmanuel/C-5765-2009; Gardner, Wilford/E-2579-2012 OI Mishonov, Alexey/0000-0002-2958-8747; Boss, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8334-9595; NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C11 AR C11001 DI 10.1029/2004JC002417 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 982MH UT WOS:000233162000001 ER PT J AU Dean, W Fritz, S Whitlock, C Watts, W AF Dean, W Fritz, S Whitlock, C Watts, W TI In memoriam: John Platt Bradbury (1936-2005) SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Bot, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Dean, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM dean@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP III EP IV DI 10.1007/s10933-005-2506-1 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 966CL UT WOS:000231997100001 ER PT J AU Witter, JB Kress, VC Newhall, CG AF Witter, JB Kress, VC Newhall, CG TI Volcan Popocatepetl, Mexico. Petrology, magma mixing, and immediate sources of volatiles for the 1994 - Present eruption SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Review DE glass inclusions; igneous petrology; Mexico; Popocatepetl; volatiles ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; SATSUMA-IWOJIMA VOLCANO; CALC-ALKALINE MAGMAS; EL-CHICHON VOLCANO; MOUNT-ST-HELENS; SILICIC MAGMAS; WAVELENGTH SHIFTS; ANDESITE MELTS; EXSOLVED GAS; TI OXIDES AB Volcan Popocatepetl has been the site of voluminous degassing accompanied by minor eruptive activity from late 1994 until the time of writing (August 2002). This contribution presents petrological investigations of magma erupted in 1997 and 1998, including major-element and volatile (S, Cl, F, and H2O) data from glass inclusions and matrix glasses. Magma erupted from Popocatepetl is a mixture of dacite (65 wt % SiO2, two-pyroxenes + plagioclase + Fe-Ti oxides + apatite, similar to 3 wt % H2O, P = 1.5 kbar, f(O2) = Delta NNO + 0.5 log units) and basaltic andesite (53 wt % SiO2, olivine + two-pyroxenes, similar to 3 wt % H2O, P = 1-4 kbar). Magma mixed at 4-6 km depth in proportions between 45:55 and 85:15 wt % silicic:mafic magma. The pre-eruptive volatile content of the basaltic andesite is 1980 ppm S, 1060 ppm Cl, 950 ppm F, and 3.3 wt % H2O. The pre-eruptive volatile content of the dacite is 130 +/- 50 ppm S, 880 +/- 70 ppm Cl, 570 +/- 100 ppm F, and 2.9 +/- 0.2 wt % H2O. Degassing from 0.031 km(3) of erupted magma accounts for only 0.7 wt % of the observed SO2 emission. Circulation of magma in the volcanic conduit in the presence of a modest bubble phase is a possible mechanism to explain the high rates of degassing and limited magma production at Popocatepetl. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, USGS, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Witter, JB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, USGS, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM witt_98103@yahoo.com NR 117 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 46 IS 11 BP 2337 EP 2366 DI 10.1093/petrology/egi058 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 976RI UT WOS:000232750500007 ER PT J AU Boydston, EE Kapheim, KM Van Horn, RC Smale, L Holekamp, KE AF Boydston, EE Kapheim, KM Van Horn, RC Smale, L Holekamp, KE TI Sexually dimorphic patterns of space use throughout ontogeny in the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dispersal; emigration; sex differences; space use ID JUVENILE RANK RELATIONS; TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; COMMUTING SYSTEM; MIGRATORY PREY; PREDATOR COPES; DISPERSAL; HYAENAS; LIONS; CLAN AB Observational and telemetry data were used in a geographic information system database to document the ontogenetic development of sexually dimorphic patterns of space use among free-living spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta in Kenya. No measures of space use were sexually dimorphic among den-dwelling cubs, nor were sex differences apparent among hyenas that had ceased using dens for shelter until these animals were c. 30 months of age. Significant sex differences emerged late in the third year of life, and persisted throughout the remainder of the life span; males were found farther from the geographic centre of the natal territory than were females, and the mean size of individual 95 % utility distributions was larger for males than females. Most dispersal events by radio-collared males were preceded by a series of exploratory excursions Outside the natal territory. All collared males dispersed, but no collared females did so. Most dispersing males moved only one or two home ranges away at dispersal, roughly 8-10 km distant from the natal territory, before settling in a new social group. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Boydston, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM eboydston@usgs.gov RI Holekamp, Kay/G-6054-2010 NR 58 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-8369 EI 1469-7998 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 267 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.1017/S0952836905007478 PN 3 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 982TE UT WOS:000233183700004 ER PT J AU Nipper, M Carr, RS Biedenbach, JM Hooten, RL Miller, K AF Nipper, M Carr, RS Biedenbach, JM Hooten, RL Miller, K TI Fate and effects of picric acid and 2,6-DNT in marine environments: Toxicity of degradation products SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ordnance compound; pore water; toxicity; picric acid; 2,6-dinitrotoluene; degradation ID SEDIMENTS; WATERS AB The toxicity of transformation products of 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) were assessed in spiked sandy and fine-grained marine sediments and in seawater. Toxicity of pore water from sediments spiked with 2,6-DNT decreased for the macro-alga, Ulva fasciata, zoospores as biotransformation proceeded, but increased For the copepod, Schizopera knabeni, nauplii. The primary biotransformation product of 2,6-DNT, 2-amino-6-nitrotoluene, was also more toxic than the parent Compound to copepod nauplii, but not to alga zoospores, in spiked seawater tests. Two biotransformation products of picric acid, picramic acid and 2,4-DNP, were more toxic than their parent Compound. Porewater toxicity from picric acid-spiked sediments decreased significantly at the end of six-months incubation. Fine-grained sediment spiked with either ordnance compound had lower toxicity than its sandy counterpart after six months, suggesting faster microbial transformation in the former and production of less toxic products. Photo-transformation of 2,6-DNT in seawater resulted in a reduction in toxicity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Coastal Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Coll Environm Res Ctr, Marine Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Restorat Dev Branch, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Coastal Studies, 6300 Ocean Dr,NRC Suite 3200,Unit 5866, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM mnipper@falcon.tamucc.edu NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1205 EP 1217 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.04.019 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 995KC UT WOS:000234098200016 PM 15913666 ER PT J AU Schwarzbach, SE Stephenson, M Ruhlen, T Abbott, S Page, GW Adams, D AF Schwarzbach, SE Stephenson, M Ruhlen, T Abbott, S Page, GW Adams, D TI Elevated mercury concentrations in failed eggs of Snowy Plovers at Point Reyes National Seashore SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID METHYLMERCURY; POPULATION C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Point Reyes Bird Obser, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Suite 3006,3020 State Univ Dr E, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM steven_schwarzbach@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1444 EP 1447 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.09.003 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 995KC UT WOS:000234098200041 PM 16253287 ER PT J AU Lukacs, PM Burnham, KP AF Lukacs, PM Burnham, KP TI Review of capture-recapture methods applicable to noninvasive genetic sampling SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE abundance; capture-recapture; individual identification; mark-recapture; microsatellites; sampling; survival ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; ESTIMATING ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; MARK-RECAPTURE; ROBUST DESIGN; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; PROBABILITIES VARY; ERROR RATES; MODELS; DNA AB The use of noninvasive genetic sampling to identify individual animals for capture-recapture studies has become widespread in the past decade. Strong emphasis has been placed on the field protocols and genetic analyses with fruitful results. Little attention has been paid to the capture-recapture application for this specific type of data beyond stating the effects of assumption violations. Here, we review the broad class of capture-recapture methods that are available for use with DNA-based capture-recapture data, noting the array of biologically interesting parameters such as survival, emigration rates, state transition rates and the finite rate of population change that can be estimated from such data. We highlight recent developments in capture-recapture theory specifically designed for noninvasive genetic sampling data. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lukacs, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1201 Oakridge Dr,Suite 250, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM paul_lukacs@partner.nps.gov NR 77 TC 117 Z9 120 U1 6 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 13 BP 3909 EP 3919 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02717.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 977AE UT WOS:000232774000001 PM 16262847 ER PT J AU McHugh, P Budy, P AF McHugh, P Budy, P TI A comparison of visual and measurement-based techniques for quantifying cobble embeddedness and fine-sediment levels in salmonid-bearing streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; HABITAT; SUMMER; GROWTH; IDAHO; RIVER AB Excess fine-sediment loading can strongly affect the performance of salmonids rearing in fluvial habitats. Consequently, there are multiple techniques for quantifying the biologically relevant aspects of streambed material quality. While similar methods should provide similar measurements for a given attribute, little information is available that validates this assumption. Nevertheless, there are ongoing efforts toward assembling and analyzing large-scale habitat databases using existing information collected Via multiple techniques. For these reasons, we used regression to compare visual and measurement-based approaches for two commonly assessed substrate variables (cobble embeddedness and percent surface fines). For both embeddedness and percent fines, we found moderate to strong linear relationships (R-2 = 0.46-0.83) between estimates obtained by Visual and measurement-based approaches. However, the fitted line differed significantly from a null 1:1 expectation for the percent fines and embeddedness analyses, indicating that there is a differential bias between Visual and measurement-based techniques relative to the true, but unknown. value. The observed deviation between embeddedness methods, which is primarily due to differences in measurement strategy, is probably of considerable practical significance. Conversely, the difference between techniques for percent fines appears to be negligible considering published information on observer variability for this attribute. In summary, our study provides a means for understanding and accounting for differences in substrate methods of direct relevance to large-scale habitat assessment efforts. C1 Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources,Coll Nat R, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP McHugh, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources,Coll Nat R, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM pam@cc.usu.edu RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1208 EP 1214 DI 10.1577/M04-209.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800002 ER PT J AU Hughes, TC Lowie, CE Haynes, JM AF Hughes, TC Lowie, CE Haynes, JM TI Age, growth, relative abundance, and scuba capture of a new or recovering spawning population of lake sturgeon in the lower Niagara River, New York SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISHES AB The objective of our study was to collect age, growth, and catch-per-unit-effort information from a new or recovering population of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in the lower Niagara River, New York. From July 1998 through August 2000, we captured 67 lake sturgeon by use of gill nets, baited setlines, and scuba diving. Active capture by scuba (livers (1.50 fish/ h) was much more effective than passive capture with gill nets (0.07 fish/h) and setlines (0.06 fish/h). Eggs of Chinook salmon Oncorhyrichus tshawytscha were more effective as setline bait than were alewives Alosa pseudoharengus, but neither bait differed in effectiveness from rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax. Ages of captured lake sturgeon ranged from 1 to 23 years 47 of the 61 aged fish were younger than age 10. Strong relationships were found between weight, W, and length, L (W = .0000005 center dot L-3.5564; R-2 = 0.977) and between L and age (L = 394.05 center dot log(e)[age] + 249.77; R-2 = 0.878). The lake sturgeon Population in the lower Niagara River is probably small relative to its historic abundance. This naturally reproducing population should remain listed as threatened by New York State, and commercial and recreational fisheries should remain closed so that the population can rebuild adult numbers and reproductive potential. C1 SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Environm Sci & Biol, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Great Lakes Fishery Resources Off, Amherst, NY 14228 USA. RP Haynes, JM (reprint author), SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Environm Sci & Biol, 350 New Campus Dr, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. EM jhaynes@brockport.edu NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1263 EP 1272 DI 10.1577/M05-039.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800007 ER PT J AU Bettinger, JM Tomasso, JR Isely, JJ AF Bettinger, JM Tomasso, JR Isely, JJ TI Hooking mortality and physiological responses of striped bass angled in freshwater and held in live-release tubes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID EXERCISE; STRESS AB Mortality and physiological responses of adult striped bass Morone saxatilis angled from Lake Murray, South Carolina, and held in live-release tubes were evaluated during the spring and summer of 2003. To estimate mortality, we attached external ultrasonic transmitters to 59 striped bass (mean total length [TL] = 585 mm). Striped bass were caught with angling gear, tagged, and immediately released or held in live-release tubes for 2, 4, or 6 h prior to release. No mortality of striped bass was observed during spring. Overall mortality during summer was 83%. Mortality of summer-caught striped bass was not related to tube residence time, fish TL, depth of capture, or Surface water temperature. To characterize physiological stress, we measured the plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate, and osmolality levels of 62 additional striped bass (mean TL = 563 mm) that were angled and immediately released or angled and held in live-release tubes. Plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate, and osmolality were positively related to tube residence time. When the hematological characteristics were considered only in relation to tube residence time, responses indicative of physiological stress continued for about 150 min, after which blood chemistry began to return to normal. Live-release tubes appear to be useful for keeping striped bass alive when they are angled from cool water, but they are not effective for striped bass angled from warm water. The high summer mortality of striped bass suggests a need for restrictive fishing regulations during the summer for the Lake Murray striped bass fishery. C1 S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Eastover, SC 29044 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Bettinger, JM (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, 1921 Vanboklen Rd, Eastover, SC 29044 USA. EM bettingerj@dnr.sc.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1273 EP 1280 DI 10.1577/M04-156.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800008 ER PT J AU Ketola, HG Chiotti, TL Rathman, RS Fitzsimons, JD Honeyfield, DC Van Dusen, PJ Lewis, GE AF Ketola, HG Chiotti, TL Rathman, RS Fitzsimons, JD Honeyfield, DC Van Dusen, PJ Lewis, GE TI Thiamine status of Cayuga Lake rainbow trout and its influence on spawning migration SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON; M74 SYNDROME; DEFICIENCY AB Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in Cayuga Lake, New York, appear to be suffering from a thiamine deficiency because their progeny develop general weakness, loss of equilibrium, and increased mortality, which are prevented by treatment with thiamine. Thiamine status and its effect on adults are unknown. In 2000 and 2002, we captured, tagged, and released 64 and 189 prespawning rainbow trout, respectively, in Cayuga Inlet at a collection weir to evaluate their thiamine status and the effect of thiamine injection (150 nmol/g) on instream migration. Half of the rainbow trout in each year (32 in 2000 and 95 in 2002) were injected with thiamine and half were uninjected; all rainbow trout were released above the weir to continue their upstream migration. By means of electrofishing in 2000, we recaptured significantly more thiamine-injected (N = 7) than uninjected (N = 0) rainbow trout approximately 7.0-9.3 river kilometers upstream from the weir. In 2002, the concentration of thiamine in the muscle of rainbow trout collected above a 1.8-m cascade was significantly higher (mean +/- SD = 5.47 +/- 5.04 nmol/g; range = 1.0 +/- 13.8 nmol/g; N = 8) than that of rainbow trout collected either above a 1.0-m cascade (1.36 +/- 0.71 nmol/g; range = 0.6-3.3 nmol/g; N = 16) or below the cascades (1.20 +/- 0.46 nmol/g; range = 0.7-1.9 ntiiol/g; N = 5). The lowest concentration of thiamine observed in the muscle of rainbow trout collected upstream of the 1.8-m cascade was 1.0 nmol/g, suggesting that the threshold concentration required for rainbow trout to ascend the cascade was no more than that. Analyses of thiamine in the muscle of 26 untagged rainbow trout captured in Cayuga Inlet in 2002 showed that 16 fish (62%) had at least 1.0 nmol/g, which was apparently sufficient to support vigorous migration. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. Bayfield Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Ketola, HG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM gketola@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1281 EP 1287 DI 10.1577/M04-173.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800009 ER PT J AU Gerow, KG Anderson-Sprecher, RC Hubert, WA AF Gerow, KG Anderson-Sprecher, RC Hubert, WA TI A new method to compute standard-weight equations that reduces length-related bias SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; CATEGORIZATION STANDARDS; WS EQUATION AB We propose a new method for developing standard-weight (W-s) equations for use in the computation of relative weight (W-r) because the regression line-percentile (RLP) method often leads to length-related biases in W-s equations. We studied the structural properties of W-s equations developed by the RLP method through simulations, identified reasons for biases, and compared W-s equations computed by the RLP method and the new method. The new method is similar to the RLP method but is based on means of measured weights rather than on means of weights predicted front regression models. The new method also models curvilinear W-s relationships not accounted for by the RLP method. For some length-classes in some species, the relative weights computed from W-s equations developed by the new method were more than 20 W-s units different from those using W-s equations developed by the RLP method. We recommend assessment of published W, equations developed by the RLP method for length-related bias and use of the new method for computing new W-s equations when bias is identified. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Gerow, KG (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM gerow@uwyo.edu NR 20 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1288 EP 1300 DI 10.1577/M04-196.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800010 ER PT J AU Rhea, DT Hubert, WA Gangl, RS Whaley, RA AF Rhea, DT Hubert, WA Gangl, RS Whaley, RA TI Temporal and spatial variation in relative abundance and length structure of salmonids in reservoirs: Implications for monitoring SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; VERTICAL MOVEMENTS; LAKE WASHINGTON; NEW-ZEALAND; TEMPERATURE; GAIRDNERI; GRADIENTS; CLARKI AB Spatial and temporal variations in salmonid catch per unit effort (Clf) may affect monitoring efforts in lakes and reservoirs. This study evaluated the spatial and temporal variation in gill-net C/f and length structure of captured salmonids in nearshore (<= 7.6-m bottom depth) and offshore (> 7.6-m bottom depth) areas of two Wyoming reservoirs. Floating experimental gill nets were set as nearshore and offshore pairs at 24 locations in both reservoirs during each of four sampling periods (spring, early summer, late Summer, and fall). Salmonid Clf was significantly higher in nearshore areas than in offshore areas during all periods in one reservoir and during all periods except spring in the other reservoir. Mean Clf of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss wits not significantly different between nearshore and offshore areas when water temperatures were 10-13 degrees C in both reservoirs. Length Structure of salmonids differed Significantly between nearshore and offshore locations and among periods in both reservoirs. These patterns should be considered in both the design and analysis phases of monitoring efforts that use floating experimental gill nets and other sampling gears. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Casper, WY 82604 USA. RP Rhea, DT (reprint author), Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, POB 67, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. EM darren.rhea@wgf.state.wy.us NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1301 EP 1309 DI 10.1577/M04-140.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800011 ER PT J AU Benson, AC Sutton, TM Elliott, RF Meronek, TG AF Benson, AC Sutton, TM Elliott, RF Meronek, TG TI Evaluation of sampling techniques for age-0 lake sturgeon in a Lake Michigan tributary SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; SUWANNEE RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; MOVEMENT; HABITAT; FLORIDA; SYSTEM; USA AB Rehabilitation of lake sturgeon Acipenser falvescens in the Great Lakes would benefit from a greater understanding of early life stage attributes. The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of active and passive sampling gears for capturing age-0 lake sturgeon and evaluate whether the most effective gear types were size selective. Fish were collected by means of active (i.e., wading, haul-seine, backpack electrofishing, snorkeling surveys, and bottom trawls) and passive (i.e., gill nets, set lines, and tyke nets) sampling gears from June to November of 2002 and 2003 in the lower Peslitigo River, Wisconsin, and nearshore waters of Green Bay. Mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) was greatest for day wading (0.036 fish/mm), followed by day haul-seine Surveys (0.029 fish/min), night wading (0.020 fish/min), and night haul-seine surveys (0.015 fish/min). Night wading surveys captured the greatest number of fish (N = 118). Day and night electrofishing (CPUE = 0.008 and 0.013 fish/min, respectively), snorkeling (CPUE = 0.010 fish/ min), and gill nets (CPUE = 0.026 fish/d) were less effective gear types, while bottom trawls, set lines, and tyke nets did not capture fish. Smaller fish were captured during day wading and haul-seine Surveys (median = 71 and 68 min, respectively) than during night wading and haul-seine surveys (median = 120 and 133 min, respectively). Based on these results, we recommend the use of wading and haul-seine Surveys to collect age-0 lake sturgeon in shallow lotic and lentic systems, such as the lower Peshtigo River and Green Bay, that are characterized by low Current velocity and high water clarity. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Peshtigo, WI 54157 USA. RP Sutton, TM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tsutton@purdue.edu RI Sutton, Trent/E-9281-2010 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1378 EP 1385 DI 10.1577/M04-172.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800019 ER PT J AU Schade, CB Bonar, SA AF Schade, CB Bonar, SA TI Distribution and abundance of nonnative fishes in streams of the Western United States SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; FRESH-WATER; CALIFORNIA AB This report presents data from one of the largest standardized stream surveys conducted in the western United States, which shows that one of every four individual fish in streams of 12 western states are normative. The states surveyed included Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. The most widely distributed and abundant normative fishes in the western USA were brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, brown trout Salmo trutta, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, common carp Cyprinus carpio, srnallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, largemouth bass M. salmoides, green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, yellow perch Perca flavescens, yellow bullhead Ameiurus natalis, cutthroat trout O. clarkii, western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis, golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and red shiner Cyprinella lutrensis. The greatest abundance and distribution of normative fishes was in interior states, and the most common nonnatives were introduced for angling. Normative fishes were widespread in pristine to highly disturbed streams influenced by all types of land use practices. We present ranges in water temperature, flow, stream order, riparian cover, human disturbance, and other environmental conditions where the 10 most common introduced species were found. Of the total western U.S. stream length bearing fish, 50.1% contained normative fishes while 17.9% contained physical environment that was ranked highly or moderately disturbed by humans. Introduced fishes can adversely affect stream communities, and they are Much more widespread in western U.S. streams than habitat destruction. The widespread distribution and high relative abundance of nonnative fishes and their documented negative effects suggest their management and control should elicit at least as much attention as habitat preservation in the protection of native western U.S. stream biota. C1 US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu NR 33 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 46 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1386 EP 1394 DI 10.1577/M05-037.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800020 ER PT J AU Sprankle, K AF Sprankle, K TI Interdam movements and passage attraction of American shad in the lower Merrimack River main stem SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID POPULATION AB In May and June of 2002, 72 adult American shad Alosa sapidissima were internally radio-tagged on four dates and were monitored in the Merrimack River, Massachusetts, between Essex Dam (first main-stem dam above the Atlantic Ocean) and Pawtucket Dam (second mainstem dam), a distance of 22 kilometers. From 1989 to 2001, the number of American shad that passed Pawtucket Dam via the Boott Station fish lift and fish ladder averaged 17% of the number that passed Essex Dam. The objectives of the study were to (I) determine the number of tagged American shad that pass Essex Dam and reach the Boott Station tailrace and (2) monitor American shad movements between Essex and Pawtucket dams. Three stationary receivers and one mobile receiver were used to track fish over a 2-month period. Sixty-five tagged fish were deemed healthy after release from the Essex Darn fish lift. From this group, 43 fish (66%) reached the pool immediately downstream of the Boott Station tailrace and 36 fish (55%) entered the tailrace. The median travel time for tagged fish that reached the tailrace was 41.5 h (range = 14.5-365.0 h). Four radio-tagged American shad (6% of 65 fish) versus an estimated 5,283 untagged American shad (10% of 54,450 fish that passed Essex Dam) passed through the Boott Station fish lift in 2002. These results indicate that American shad passage efficiency at the Boott Station fish lift needs improvement to achieve full American shad restoration upstream of the Pawtucket Dam. The extent of structural or operational measures necessary to improve American shad passage rates should be examined and evaluated. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cent New England Fisheries Resources Off, Nashua, NH 03063 USA. RP Sprankle, K (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cent New England Fisheries Resources Off, 151 Broad St, Nashua, NH 03063 USA. EM ken_sprankle@fws.gov NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1456 EP 1466 DI 10.1577/M04-049.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800026 ER PT J AU Strakosh, TR Eitzmann, JL Gido, KB Guy, CS AF Strakosh, TR Eitzmann, JL Gido, KB Guy, CS TI The response of water willow Justicia americana to different water inundation and desiccation regimes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LAKE; WISCONSIN AB American water willow Justicia americana has been planted in reservoirs to provide important littoral habitat for fish because of its ability to form dense stands, spread along shorelines, grow in water up to 1.2 in deep, and withstand harsh conditions. The response of water willow to periods of inundation or desiccation has not previously been quantified and is critical for evaluating its potential success in reservoirs. We tested the inundation response of plants at depths of 0.75, 1.50, and 2.25 in for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Response to desiccation was investigated using drying durations of 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. In addition, 2- and 4-week drying periods were tested separately in June, July, and August. Number of leaves, total height, and total dry weight were measured as indicators of plant condition. Condition rapidly declined after inundation for 4 weeks at all experimental depths and plants did not recover by the end of the experiment. A significant decrease in height and increase in leaf number was observed after 8 weeks of desiccation. Condition also declined from June to August during the second desiccation experiment. Overall, water willow appeared to be more resistant to desiccation than to inundation. A 5% overall mortality was observed for the desiccation trials versus a 69% overall mortality from the inundation trials. Even the shortest inundation duration in this study (2 weeks) resulted in mortality of 40% or more across all depth treatments and was probably due to light limitation. Our findings provide information that can be used to select candidate reservoirs for water willow establishment based on expected water-level fluctuations. Additionally, this information could be used to manage water levels in reservoirs where water willow currently provides important habitat for fish. C1 Kansas State Univ, Biol Resources Discipline, Div Biol,US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Strakosh, TR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Biol Resources Discipline, Div Biol,US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM strakosh@ksu.edu RI Gido, Keith/B-5151-2013 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1476 EP 1485 DI 10.1577/M05-051.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800028 ER PT J AU Al-Chokhachy, R Budy, P Schaller, H AF Al-Chokhachy, R Budy, P Schaller, H TI Understanding the significance of redd counts: a comparison between two methods for estimating the abundance of and monitoring bull trout populations SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; TEMPERATURE; FISHES AB For salmonids that exhibit multiple life history forms within a single population, it may be necessary to evaluate the inconsistencies associated with population monitoring techniques. We compared mark-resight population estimates with those based on annual redd counts for bull trout Salvelinus confluentus in eastern Oregon. Our data suggest that across years, the trends in population estimates based on expanded redd count data and those based on the mark-resight metho may be similar within basins. Across basins, however, there appear to be inconsistencies between mark-resight population estimates for different size-classes of bull trout and the expanded redd count data. In some systems, only the larger, potentially migratory fish are represented in redd counts, whereas in others some combination of small resident and large, potentially migratory fish is represented. The disparity between redd counts and population estimates for the reproductive population suggests that caution be invoked when choosing the monitoring techniques used to set recovery or monitoring goals for bull trout populations. C1 Utah State Univ, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Al-Chokhachy, R (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM robertal@cc.usu.edu RI Al-Chokhachy, Robert/F-2894-2010; Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1505 EP 1512 DI 10.1577/M05-006.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800031 ER PT J AU Hoffman, KJ Bettoli, PW AF Hoffman, KJ Bettoli, PW TI Growth, dispersal, mortality, and contribution of largemouth bass stocked into Chickamauga Lake, Tennessee SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID OXYTETRACYCLINE MARKING; YELLOW PERCH; SURVIVAL; FLORIDA; NORTHERN; RESERVOIR; EFFICACY; SUCCESS AB Marked fingerling largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (both northern M. s. salmoides and Florida subspecies M. s. floridanus and their hybrid) were stocked into Chickamauga Lake, Tennessee, to enhance angling and introgress the Florida subspecies into the local gene pool. We evaluated mass marking and stocking success by sampling the stocked fish for I year poststocking. More than 128,000 fingerlings (35-64 mm total length) were immersed in a solution of 500 mg/L oxytetracycline (OTC) for 6 h and stocked into four embayments in the lake in spring 2002; two additional embayments served as controls and were not stocked (these embayments contained only wild, indigenous fish). In a blind test, 97% of sagittal otoliths were correctly scored as marked or unmarked. In a subsequent test, the OTC marks were clearly visible on every otolith removed from 240 OTC-treated bass held for 30 d. Age-0 largemouth bass were sampled with DC electrofishing gear at 7-19, 44-61, and 119-139 d after stocking, and sampling was conducted along 100-m transects within 1 km of the stocking sites in each embayment. Of all recaptures in the first sample, 31% occurred more than 600 in from the nearest stocking site, indicating rapid dispersal by some fish. Survival of stocked and wild age-0 largemouth bass was similar and low (4.5-6.9%) in two embayments; in the other two embayments, stocked fish survived at lower rates (0-4.3%) than wild fish (33.7-49.9%). Mean catches of all age-0 largemouth bass in the first sample were positively related to the number of fish stocked. By October 2002, the mean catch of all age-0 largemouth bass was similar among embayments. Contribution of stocked fish declined to approximately 2% (2 of 91 fish) the following spring. Cost per fingerling increased from US$0.35 at stocking to $12.00 at 140 d poststocking. Increasing the abundance of largemouth bass was not the primary objective of this stocking effort, but stocked fish will have to survive much better if managers hope to introgress Florida largemouth bass genes into the resident population genome. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Hoffman, KJ (reprint author), So Fisheries Res, Indiana Dept Nat Resources, POB 16, Avoca, IN 47420 USA. EM khoffman@dnr.in.gov NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1518 EP 1527 DI 10.1577/M04-164.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800033 ER PT J AU Millard, MJ Mohler, JW Kahnle, A Cosman, A AF Millard, MJ Mohler, JW Kahnle, A Cosman, A TI Mortality associated with catch-and-release angling of striped bass in the Hudson River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Catch-and-release fishing commonly occurs in recreational fisheries, including those for the striped bass Morone saxatilis of the Atlantic coast. The contribution of catch-and-release practices to overall fishing mortality is often not estimated. We estimated the catch-and-release mortality for the Hudson River spawning stock of striped bass in 2001. Volunteer anglers caught striped bass between April 30 and May 16, 2001. Fish were transferred to transport boats in live wells and placed in one of nine 15,000-L land-based holding tanks. Control fish were collected by electrofishing and otherwise handled similarly. Treatment and control fish were uniquely tagged and held together for 5 d. Hooking mortality was estimated via conditional rate and additive rates. These two estimation technique.,; partitioned total observed mortality into hooking mortality and handling mortality, the latter being estimated from control fish. Catch-and-release mortality for striped bass averaged 16% for traditional J hooks and 5% for circle hooks over the entire period. Hook location and the occurrence of bleeding were the most influential variables in determining the probability of death. Mortality rate increased when water temperatures reached 16 degrees C. This mortality rate is significant and should be considered when accounting for Hudson River striped bass removals from their spawning population. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. NY State Dept Environm Conservat, Hudson River Fisheries Unit, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. New England Interstate Water Pollut Control Commi, Lowell, MA 01852 USA. RP Millard, MJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, 308 Washington Ave, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM mike_millard@fws.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1533 EP 1541 DI 10.1577/M04-175.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800035 ER PT J AU Jaeger, ME Zale, AV McMahon, TE Schmitz, BJ AF Jaeger, ME Zale, AV McMahon, TE Schmitz, BJ TI Seasonal movements, habitat use, aggregation, exploitation, and entrainment of saugers in the Lower Yellowstone River: An empirical assessment of factors affecting population recovery SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTERS; FISH AB Migratory barriers, habitat loss, entrainment in irrigation canals, and overexploitation, especially at times of aggregation, have been suggested to explain the failure of Yellowstone River saugers Sander canadensis to return to historical abundances after a late-1980s decline that was attributed to drought. These factors are thought to affect saugers throughout their range and migratory large-river fishes in general. We characterized the seasonal movement patterns, habitat use, and aggregation of saugers and estimated movement, exploitation, and irrigation canal entrainment rates to test these hypotheses. Saugers aggregated near spawning areas in spring and subsequently dispersed 5-350 km to upstream home locations, where they remained for the rest of the year. Upstream movement was not overtly restricted by low-head diversion dams. During the spawning period, terrace and bluff pools, which are unique geomorphic units associated with bedrock and boulder substrate, were positively selected, while all other habitat types were avoided. Tributary spawning was rare. After moving to home locations, saugers used most habitat types in proportion to their availability but selected reaches in specific geologic types that allowed formation of deep, long pools. Exploitation occurred primarily in early spring and late autumn. was low annually (18.6%), and was not related to aggregation. Annual survival was high (70.4%). Entrainment in one irrigation diversion accounted for more than half of all nonfishing mortality. Therefore, habitat loss and overexploitation probably did not prevent sauger recovery, as the absence of migratory barriers allowed adult saugers unrestricted access to widely separated and diverse habitats and did not induce artificial aggregation. In other systems, population declines attributed to overexploitation during periods of aggregation may therefore have been caused fundamentally by migration barriers that created artificial aggregations. C1 Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fish & Wildlife Management Program,Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Jaeger, ME (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fish & Wildlife Management Program,Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM matthew_jaeger@yahoo.com NR 70 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1550 EP 1568 DI 10.1577/M04-158.1 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994FH UT WOS:000234015800037 ER PT J AU Long, ES Sweitzer, RA Diefenbach, DR Ben-David, M AF Long, ES Sweitzer, RA Diefenbach, DR Ben-David, M TI Controlling for anthropogenically induced atmospheric variation in stable carbon isotope studies SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE C-13; carbon dioxide; correction factor; isotopic baseline; Puma concolor ID TREE-RING CELLULOSE; TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; C-13/C-12 RATIOS; TROPHIC POSITION; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; BONE-COLLAGEN; FOOD WEBS; RECORD; C-13 AB Increased use of stable isotope analysis to examine food-web dynamics, migration, transfer of nutrients, and behavior will likely result in expansion of stable isotope studies investigating human-induced global changes. Recent elevation of atmospheric CO2 concentration, related primarily to fossil fuel combustion, has reduced atmospheric CO2 delta C-13 (C-13/C-12), and this change in isotopic baseline has, in turn, reduced plant and animal tissue delta C-13 of terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Such depletion in CO2 delta C-13 and its effects on tissue delta C-13 may introduce bias into delta C-13 investigations, and if this variation is not controlled, may confound interpretation of results obtained from tissue samples collected over a temporal span. To control for this source of variation, we used a high-precision record of atmospheric CO2 delta C-13 from ice cores and direct atmospheric measurements to model modern change in CO2 delta C-13. From this model, we estimated a correction factor that controls for atmospheric change; this correction reduces bias associated with changes in atmospheric isotopic baseline and facilitates comparison of tissue delta C-13 collected over multiple years. To exemplify the importance of accounting for atmospheric CO2 delta C-13 depletion, we applied the correction to a dataset of collagen delta C-13 obtained from mountain lion (Puma concolor) bone samples collected in California between 1893 and 1995. Before correction, in three of four ecoregions collagen delta C-13 decreased significantly concurrent with depletion of atmospheric CO2 delta C-13 (n >= 32, P <= 0.01). Application of the correction to collagen delta C-13 data removed trends from regions demonstrating significant declines, and measurement error associated with the correction did not add substantial variation to adjusted estimates. Controlling for long-term atmospheric variation and correcting tissue samples for changes in isotopic baseline facilitate analysis of samples that span a large temporal range. C1 Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Long, ES (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ESL140@psu.edu NR 62 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 2005 VL 146 IS 1 BP 148 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0181-6 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 977HZ UT WOS:000232795400015 PM 16082561 ER PT J AU Legates, DR McCabe, GJ AF Legates, David R. McCabe, Gregory J., Jr. TI A re-evaluation of the average annual global water balance SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE water-balance climatology; potential evapotranspiration; potential evapotranspiration; JR Mather; CW Thornthwaite ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY AB Legates and Mather (1992) used the Thornthwaite/Mather water balance and mean monthly air temperature and precipitation data on a 0.5 degrees of latitude by 0.5 degrees of longitude grid to refine spatial estimates of annual evapotranspiration and runoff on a global scale. Because Legates and Mather used the Thornthwaite potential evapotranspiration equation, they were unable to apply bias-adjustments to their precipitation estimates because, as Legates and Mather discovered, the Thornthwaite equation implicitly accounts for gage measurement biases by underestimating potential evapotranspiration. Here, we re-evaluate the results of Legates and Mather using bias-adjusted precipitation estimates and an alternative method of estimating potential evapotranspiration (i.e., the Hamon, 1963, method). These new results are compared with those from previous studies and are considered to be an improvement over the Legates and Mather values, as they are based on bias-adjusted precipitation estimates. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Newark, DE 19716 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Legates, DR (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 467 EP 479 DI 10.2747/0272-3646.26.6.467 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 071CL UT WOS:000239575200005 ER PT J AU Lins, HF Slack, JR AF Lins, Harry F. Slack, James R. TI Seasonal and regional characteristics of US streamflow trends in the United States from 1940 to 1999 SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE streamflow; trends; seasonal changes; regional patterns ID SNOWMELT RUNOFF; FREQUENCY AB J. R. Mather (1981) observed that runoff (streamflow) constitutes a significant phase of the hydrologic cycle. He also noted that it takes at least 15-25 years of systematic observations to characterize statistically the spatial and temporal patterns in streamflow. With this in mind, a recent assessment of temporal trends in streamflow (Lins and Slack, 1999) is updated to encompass the 60-year period 1940-1999, using data from 435 climate-sensitive stream-gauging stations and expanded to include regional and seasonal characteristics. The previously documented pattern of increasing discharge in the low to moderate range of flows is corroborated, with this pattern being most pronounced in the central two-thirds of the U.S. and to a lesser extent in the eastern coastal regions and in the Great Basin. Relatively few trends are observed in the annual maximum flow. No systematic shift in the timing of the annual minimum, median, or maximum flow is detected in any region on a monthly time scale. The observed increases in low to moderate streamflows, typical of the warm and transitional seasons, are consistent with documented trends in warm and transition season precipitation, and indicate that natural U.S. surface water supply has increased without a concomitant increase in flooding. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 415, Reston, VA USA. RP Lins, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 415, Reston, VA USA. NR 19 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 20 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 489 EP 501 DI 10.2747/0272-3646.26.6.489 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 071CL UT WOS:000239575200007 ER PT J AU Schwinning, S Starr, BI Wojcik, NJ Miller, ME Ehleringer, JE Sanford, RL AF Schwinning, S Starr, BI Wojcik, NJ Miller, ME Ehleringer, JE Sanford, RL TI Effects of nitrogen deposition on an arid grassland in the Colorado plateau cold desert SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE native grasses; biological crust; invasion; timing of nitrogen input ID SOIL-NITROGEN; C4 PLANTS; PRECIPITATION; RESPONSES; SUMMER; CONSEQUENCES; ADAPTATION; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB Historically, ecosystems in the southwestern United States derived much of their nitrogen (N) from N-fixation in biological soil crusts. Today, these regions have highly reduced crust cover, and atmospheric deposition may be the dominant source of N. This study investigates the effects of increased nitrogen deposition on nitrogen uptake, photosynthesis, and growth of the two main forage grasses on the Colorado Plateau, galleta (Hilaria jamesii [Torr.] Benth.) and Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides, [Roemer & J.S. Schultes] Ricker ex Piper). Plots were fertilized for 2 years with 0, 10, 20, and 40 kg nitrogen ha(-1) annually, up to 4X the estimated current annual deposition rate, in 2 applications per year (spring and summer). Half-plots were fertilized with either (NH4)(2)SO4 in KCl solution or with KNO3 Solution to determine possible differences in the effects of NH4+ and NO3- in this system. Neither grass increased leaf photosynthesis or tiller size due to supplemental N. Galleta also did not increase tiller density, while estimated live tiller density in Indian ricegrass increased LIP to 50% in the second year. Nitrogen applications accelerated the onset of water stress in both species presumably through Stimulating ecosystem transpiration. Nitrogen form did nor significantly affect any aspect of grass physiological performance or growth. However, leaf nitrogen in NH4+-fertilized plants was significantly more isotopically enriched than in NO3--fertilized plants, suggesting that both species incorporated NH4-N only after it had been enriched by soil turnover. Seedlings of Russian Thistle (Salsola iberica, Sennen & Pau), a noxious annual invasive weed on western rangelands, grew rapidly in the first summer on plots with 40 kg nitrogen ha(-1) per annum, and more so oil plots fertilized with NO3_- than with NH4+. The study suggests that changes in the timing and amount of nitrogen input may alter community composition through facilitating the invasions of sumer-active noxious weeds. C1 Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. US Geol Serv, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Schwinning, S (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM schwinn@txstate.edu RI Schwinning, Susanne/G-6412-2015; OI Schwinning, Susanne/0000-0002-9740-0291; Sanford, Robert/0000-0003-2391-9231 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 35 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.2111/03-126.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 990QM UT WOS:000233758300001 ER PT J AU Baker, BW Peinetti, HR Coughenour, MB AF Baker, BW Peinetti, HR Coughenour, MB TI Resilience of willow stems after release from intense elk browsing SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE alternative stable states; Cervus elaphus; herbivory; Rocky Mountain National Park; Salix; stem morphology ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SALIX-MONTICOLA; PREDATION RISK; WILD UNGULATE; STABLE STATES; WINTER RANGE; BEAVER; HERBIVORY; ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS AB The resilience of willow (Salix monticola Bebb, Salix geyeriana Anderss., Salix planifolia Pursh) stems released from intense elk (Cervus elaphus) browsing in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, was quantified in 1998 with a retrospective study that compared biomass, number, and length of segments on willow stems located inside (protected) and outside (browsed) elk exclosures. Segment biomass increased each year after protection by about 3-12 g year(-1) on browsed stems and 10-27 g year(-1) on protected stems. The number of segments on stems was similar for browsed and protected stems in the first 2 years after exclusion but differed in the next 3 years, when they increased exponentially on protected stems. Nearly 80% of segments on browsed stems were < 5 cm in length in 1994-1997, which caused stems to develop a short-hedged morphology. Protected steins had more long segments and fewer short segments than browsed stems for the first 3 years, but then increased their number of short segments as stems became tall and bushy. Thus, evidence suggests short-hedged willow stems are highly resilient and can rapidly recover height and vigor after protection from intense elk browsing. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Nacl La Pampa, Fac Agron, RA-3600 Santa Rosa, Argentina. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Baker, BW (reprint author), USGS FORT, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM bruce_baker@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 575 EP 581 DI 10.2111/05-043R.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 990QM UT WOS:000233758300002 ER PT J AU Gard, M AF Gard, M TI Variability in flow-habitat relationships as a function of transect number for PHABSIM modelling SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM); rainbow trout; Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM); bootstrap analysis; hydropower relicensing AB A bootstrap analysis was used to assess the variability in flow-habitat relationships for juvenile and adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Cache La Poudre River as a function of the number of Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM) transects. The bootstrap analysis was conducted by selecting without replacement different numbers of transects, ranging from six to 40, from a pool of 107 transects. The variability in flow-habitat relationships, as quantified by the 95% confidence interval for the flow with the peak habitat, decreased with increasing numbers of transects, and was greater for juveniles than for adults. The 95% confidence limits ranged from 9% for adult trout with 40 transects to 73% for juvenile trout with six transects. The results of this study can be used in negotiations for the number of transects selected during scoping of instream flow studies, as well as in assessing the relative confidence that should be placed in flow-habitat relationships for different species and life stages. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Gard, M (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2800 Cottage Way,Room W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. EM mark_gard@fws.gov NR 7 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1013 EP 1019 DI 10.1002/rra.862 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 986VV UT WOS:000233478700006 ER PT J AU Schmitt, CJ Hinck, JE Blazer, VS Denslow, ND Dethloff, GM Bartish, TM Coyle, JJ Tillitt, DE AF Schmitt, CJ Hinck, JE Blazer, VS Denslow, ND Dethloff, GM Bartish, TM Coyle, JJ Tillitt, DE TI Environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the Rio Grande and its US tributaries: Spatial and temporal trends SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE arsenic; selenium; mercury; pesticides; organochlorine chemicals; ethoxyresonifin O-deethylase (EROD) activity; health assessment index (HAI); biomarkers; ovotestis; vitellogenin ID CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; BLUEGILLS LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; BASS MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; HEALTH ASSESSMENT INDEX; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; LARGEMOUTH BASS; PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA AB We collected, examined, and analyzed 368 fish of seven species from 10 sites on rivers of the Rio Grande Basin (RGB) during late 1997 and early 1998 to document temporal and geographic trends in the concentrations of accumulative contaminants and to assess contaminant effects on the fish. Sites were located on the mainstem of the Rio Grande and on the Arroyo Colorado and Pecos River in Texas (TX), New Mexico (NM), and Colorado. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were the targeted species. Fish were examined in the field for internal and external visible gross lesions, selected organs were weighed to compute ponderal and organosomatic indices, and samples of tissues and fluids were obtained and preserved for analysis of fish health and reproductive biomarkers. Whole fish from each station were composited by species and gender and analyzed for organochlorine chemical residues and elemental contaminants using instrumental methods, and for 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin-like activity (TCDD-EQ) using the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay. Overall, fish from lower RGB stations contained greater concentrations of organochlorine pesticide residues and appeared to be less healthy than those from sites in the central and upper parts of the basin, as indicated by a general gradient of residue concentrations and biomarker responses. A minimal number of altered biomarkers and few or no elevated contaminant concentrations were noted in fish from the upper RGB. The exception was elevated concentrations [up to 0.46 mu g/g wet-weight (ww)] of total mercury (Hg) in predatory species from the Rio Grande at Elephant Butte Reservoir, NM, a condition documented in previous studies. Arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) concentrations were greatest in fish from sites in the central RGB; Se concentrations in fish from the Pecos River at Red Bluff Lake, TX and from the Rio Grande at Langtry, TX and Amistad International Reservoir, TX exceeded published fish and wildlife toxicity thresholds. In the lower RGB, residues of p,p'-DDT metabolites (<= 1.69 mu g/g ww), chlordane-related compounds (<= 0.21 mu g/g ww), dieldrin (< 0.0.05 mu g/g ww), and toxaphene (<= 2.4 mu g/g ww) were detected in fish from most sites; maximum concentrations were in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) from the Arroyo Colorado at Harlingen, TX. Concentrations of one or more residues exceeded toxicity thresholds for fish and wildlife in fish from this site and from the Rio Grande at Mission, TX and Brownsville, TX; however, concentrations were lower than those reported by previous studies. In addition, the proportional concentrations of p,p'-DDT at all sites were low, indicating weathered DDT rather than the influx of new material. Concentrations of total PCBs (< 0.05 mu g/g ww) and TCDD-EQ (<= 6 mu g/g ww) were comparatively low in all samples. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in some fish was elevated relative to reference rates at most sites, but was generally lower than previously reported activity in fish from heavily contaminated locations. The comparatively low PCB and TCDD-EQ concentrations together with elevated EROD activity may reflect exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Reproductive biomarkers were consistent with chronic contaminant exposure at lower RGB sites; comparatively large percentages of intersex male largemouth bass, relatively low gonadosomatic indices, and elevated plasma vitellogenin concentrations in male fish were noted at three of the four stations. Large percentages of atreti eggs were also observed in the ovaries of female common carp from the Rio Grande at Brownsville, TX. Although many of the conditions noted may have other causes in addition to contaminant exposure, the biomarker results for the lower RGB sites are consistent with subtle responses of fish to contaminants, an interpretation supported by the chemical data of this and other investigations. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 CERC, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV USA. Univ Florida, Prot Chem & Mol Biomarkers Lab, Ctr Hlth, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. CERC, USGS, AScI, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. USGS, Off Chief Sci Biologist, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Schmitt, CJ (reprint author), CERC, US Geol Survey, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM cjschmitt@usgs.gov NR 127 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 350 IS 1-3 BP 161 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.038 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 983IQ UT WOS:000233225300014 PM 16227080 ER PT J AU Olson, SM Green, RA Obermeier, SF AF Olson, SM Green, RA Obermeier, SF TI Revised magnitude-bound relation for the Wabash Valley seismic zone of the central United States SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITIES; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GROUND-MOTION; GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; LIQUEFACTION; EARTHQUAKES; CHARLESTON; LOCATIONS; FEATURES AB Seismic hazard assessment in the central United States, and in particular the Wabash Valley seismic zone of Indiana-Illinois, frequently relies on empirical estimates of paleoearthquake magnitudes (M). In large part these estimates have been made using the magnitude-bound method. Existing region-specific magnitude-bound relations rely heavily on only a few historical earthquakes in the central United States and eastern Canada that induced reported liquefaction features. Recent seismological studies have suggested smaller magnitudes than previously presumed for some of these earthquakes, however, and other studies have reinterpreted site-to-source distances to liquefaction features associated with some of these earthquakes. In this paper, we re-examine historical earthquakes (M > similar to 5) that occurred in the central and eastern United States and eastern Canada; some of these earthquakes triggered liquefaction and others did not. Based on our findings, we reinterpret the region-specific magnitude-bound relation for the Wabash Valley. Using this revised magnitude-bound relation, we present magnitude estimates for four prehistoric earthquakes that occurred in the Wabash Valley seismic zone during Holocene time. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newmark Civil Engn Lab 2230d, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EqLiq Consulting, Rockport, IN 47635 USA. RP Olson, SM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newmark Civil Engn Lab 2230d, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM olsons@uiuc.edu; rugreen@engin.umich.edu; sobermei@yahoo.com RI Green, Russell/B-2792-2013 NR 82 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 BP 756 EP 771 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 995VT UT WOS:000234133200010 ER PT J AU Weiss, JV Emerson, D Megonigal, JP AF Weiss, JV Emerson, D Megonigal, JP TI Rhizosphere iron(III) deposition and reduction in a Juncus effusus L.-dominated wetland SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FE(III) OXIDE REDUCTION; IRON-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; FRESH-WATER; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; SALT-MARSH; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; CARBON OXIDATION; FERRIC IRON; PLANT-ROOTS; FE-PLAQUE AB Iron (III) plaque forms on the roots of wetland plants from the reaction of Fe(II) with O-2 released by roots. Recent laboratory studies have shown that Fe plaque is more rapidly reduced than non-rhizosphere Fe(III) oxides. The goals of the current study were to determine in situ rates of: (i) Fe(III) reduction of root plaque and soil Fe(III) oxides, (ii) root Fe(III) deposition, and (iii) root and soil organic matter decomposition. Iron (III) reduction was investigated using a novel buried-bag technique in which roots and soil were buried in heat-sealed membrane bags (Versapor 200 membrane, pore size = 0.2 mu m) in late fall following plant senescence. Bags were retrieved at monthly intervals for 1 yr to assess changes in total C and Fe mass, Fe mineralogy, Fe(II)[Fe(III) ratio, and the abundances of Fe(II)oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (FeRB). The soil C and Fe pools did not change significantly throughout the year, but root C and total root Fe mass decreased by 40 and 70%, respectively. When total Fe losses were adjusted for changes in the ratio of Fe(II)[Fe(III), over 95% of the Fe(III) in the plaque was reduced during the 12-mo study, at a peak rate of 0.6 mg Fe(III) g dry weight(-1) d(-1) (gdw(-1) d(-1)). These estimates exceed the crude estimate of Fe(III) accumulation [0.3 mg Fe(III) g dry weight(-1) d(-1)] on bare-root plants that were transplanted into the wetland for a growing season. We concluded that root plaque has the potential to be reduced as rapidly as it is deposited under field conditions. C1 George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Amer Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Weiss, JV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. EM jweiss@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 38 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1861 EP 1870 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0002 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 983HZ UT WOS:000233223500022 ER PT J AU Elskus, AA AF Elskus, AA TI The implications of low-affinity AhR for TCDD insensitivity in frogs SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Parkinson's disease; rotenone; MPTP; paraquat; dopamine transporter; complex I ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; KILLIFISH FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; RESISTANCE; INDUCTION; DIOXIN; MICE C1 Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Elskus, AA (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi321 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 972BH UT WOS:000232428300001 PM 16270410 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE AF Miranda, LE TI Fish assemblages in oxbow lakes relative to connectivity with the Mississippi River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FLOODPLAIN LAKES; MISSOURI RIVER; COMMUNITIES; WETLANDS; VALLEY; OXYGEN AB The alluvial valley of the lower Mississippi River contains hundreds of fluvial lakes that are periodically connected to the river during high water, although the frequency, duration, and timing of the connections vary. To help design plans to restore and preserve fish assemblages in these alluvial lakes, this investigation tested whether predictable patterns in lake fish assemblages were linked to the level of connectivity with the river. Results suggested that connectivity played an important role in structuring fish assemblages and that it was correlated with variables such as lake size, depth, distance from the river, and age, which exhibit a continuum of predictable features as the river migrates away from abandoned channels. Annual floods homogenize the floodplain and promote connectivity to various degrees, allowing for fish exchanges between river and floodplain that directly affect fish assemblages. The major physical changes linked to reduced connectivity are loss of depth and area, which in turn affect a multiplicity of abiotic and biotic features that indirectly affect community structure. In advanced stages of disconnection, fish assemblages in oxbow lakes are expected to include largely species that thrive in turbid, shallow systems with few predators and low oxygen content. When the river flowed without artificial restraint, oxbow lakes were created at the rate of 13-15 per century. At present, no or few oxbow lakes are being formed, and as existing lakes age, they are becoming shallower, smaller, and progressively more disconnected from the river. Given that modifications to the Mississippi River appear to be irreversible, conservation of this resource requires maintenance of existing lakes at a wide range of aging phases that provide diverse habitats and harbor distinct species assemblages. C1 US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 134 IS 6 BP 1480 EP 1489 DI 10.1577/TOS-057.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994EJ UT WOS:000234013100007 ER PT J AU Campton, DE AF Campton, DE TI Sperm competition in salmon hatcheries - The need to institutionalize genetically benign spawning protocols: Response to comment SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID WILD C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Campton, DE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM don_campton@fws.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 134 IS 6 BP 1495 EP 1498 DI 10.1577/T05-071.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994EJ UT WOS:000234013100009 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Congleton, JL AF Welker, TL Congleton, JL TI Oxidative stress in migrating spring Chinook salmon smolts of hatchery origin: Changes in vitamin E and lipid peroxidation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA WALBAUM; ATLANTIC SALMON; DOWNSTREAM MIGRATION; GAS SUPERSATURATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; COLUMBIA RIVERS; PLASMA-CORTISOL; RAINBOW-TROUT; FREE-RADICALS; FATTY-ACIDS AB Polar lipid peroxidation (LPO), a measure of oxidative damage to membrane lipids, and concentrations of the antioxidant vitamin E were determined for kidney and liver tissues of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha sampled before release from three hatcheries in the Snake River basin, Idaho, and from juvenile fish bypass systems at several dams in the Columbia-Snake River federal hydropower system. Oxidative stress, as indicated by LPO, significantly increased in migrating juveniles after they left the hatchery in each of the study years (1999 and 2000). The largest increase in liver LPO occurred between the hatcheries and Lower Granite Dam (the first dam encountered by migrating fish) with little or no additional change as the fish migrated through the hydropower system. Kidney LPO, on the other hand, continued to increase as the fish migrated to lower Columbia River dams 348-461 km downstream. Levels of vitamin E were inversely correlated with LPO. Postrelease decreases in vitamin E were significant for kidney tissue in 1999 and for liver tissue in 2000. Liver and kidney LPO indices were higher and vitamin E concentrations were lower in 1999 than in 2000, possibly because river flows, spill levels at the dams, and dissolved gas levels in the river were higher in 1999. Liver vitamin E was significantly lower in fish exposed to juvenile fish bypass systems at two or more dams (including the dam where they were sampled) than in fish bypassed only at the sampling location; however, greater exposure to bypasses did not increase liver or kidney LPO indices. Increased polar LPO could have adverse effects on a range of physiological processes in migrating smolts. The significance of oxidative stress in migrating smolts will, however, remain uncertain until research is done to relate oxidative stress indices to biological function and fitness. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM twelker@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 134 IS 6 BP 1499 EP 1508 DI 10.1577/TO4-157.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994EJ UT WOS:000234013100010 ER PT J AU Ourso, RT Moran, EH AF Ourso, RT Moran, EH TI Photographic techniques for characterizing streambed particle sizes: Response to comment SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Ourso, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rtourso@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 134 IS 6 BP 1604 EP 1604 DI 10.1577/T04-228.1 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994EJ UT WOS:000234013100017 ER PT J AU Yuan, Y Bingner, RL Theurer, ED Rebich, RA Moore, PA AF Yuan, Y Bingner, RL Theurer, ED Rebich, RA Moore, PA TI Phosphorus component in AnnAGNPS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AnnAGNPS; model calibration and validation; phosphorus simulation; sensitivity analysis; watershed modeling ID EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; DRY-MATTER; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; MODEL; NITROGEN; COTTON; WATERSHEDS; LOSSES; AGNPS AB The USDA Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution model (AnnAGNPS) has been developed to aid in evaluation of watershed response to agricultural management practices. Previous studies have demonstrated the capability of the model to simulate runoff and sediment, but not phosphorus (P). The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the performance of AnnAGNPS on P simulation using comparisons with measurements from the Deep Hollow watershed of the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Area (MDMSEA) project. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify input parameters whose impact is the greatest on P yields. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that the most sensitive variables of those selected are initial soil P contents, P application rate, and plant P uptake. AnnAGNPS simulations of dissolved P yield do not agree well with observed dissolved P yield (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency of 0.34, R-2 of 0.51, and slope of 0.24); however AnnAGNPS simulations of total P yield agree well with observed total P yield (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency of 0.85, R-2 of 0.88, and slope of 0.83). The difference in dissolved P yield may be attributed to limitations in model simulation of P processes. Uncertainties in input parameter selections also affect the model's peformance. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. USDA, NRCS, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USGS, Div Water Resources, Pearl, MS USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Yuan, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM yyuan@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2145 EP 2154 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 007FC UT WOS:000234953000012 ER PT J AU Mayers, CJ Andraski, BJ Cooper, CA Wheatcraft, SW Stonestrom, DA Michel, RL AF Mayers, CJ Andraski, BJ Cooper, CA Wheatcraft, SW Stonestrom, DA Michel, RL TI Modeling tritium transport through a deep unsaturated zone in an arid environment SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; POROUS-MEDIA; DIFFUSION; SOIL; WATER; DESERT; SITE AB Reproduced from Vadose Zone Journal. Published by Soil Science Society of America. All copyrights reserved. Understanding transport of tritium (H-3) in unsaturated zones is critical to evaluating options for waste isolation. Tritium typically is a large component of low-level radioactive waste (LLRW). Studies at the U. S. Geological Survey's Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS) in Nevada investigate H-3 transport from a closed LLRW facility. Two boreholes are 100 and 160 m from the nearest waste trench and extend to the water table at 110 m. Soil-water vapor from the deep boreholes show elevated levels of H-3 at all depths. The objectives of this study were to (i) test source thermal and gas-advection mechanisms driving H-3 transport and (ii) evaluate model sensitivity to these mechanisms and to selected physical and hydraulic properties including porosity, tortuosity, and anisotropy. A two-dimensional numerical model incorporated a non-isothermal, heterogeneous domain of the unsaturated zone and instantaneous isotopic equilibrium. The TOUGH2 code was used; however, it required modification to account for temperature dependence of both the Henry's law equilibrium constant and isotopic fractionation with respect to tritiated water. Increases in source temperature, pressure, and porosity enhanced H-3 migration, but failed to match measured H-3 distributions. All anisotropic simulations with a source pressure component resembled, in shape, the upper portion of the H-3 distribubution of the nearest borehole. Isotopic equilibrium limited migration of H-3, while effects of radioactive decay were negligible. A 500 Pa pressure increase above ambient pressure in conjunction with a high degree of anisotropy (1:100) was necessary for simulated H-3 transport to reach the nearest borehole. C1 US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mayers, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD 333 W Nye Lane, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. EM cjmayers@usgs.gov RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 967 EP 976 DI 10.2136/vzj2004.0179 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 000OS UT WOS:000234472300010 ER PT J AU Stearns, M Tindall, J Cronin, G Friedel, M Bergquist, E AF Stearns, M Tindall, J Cronin, G Friedel, M Bergquist, E TI Effects of coal-bed methane discharge waters on the vegetation and soil ecosystem in Powder River Basin, Wyoming SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE atmospheric methane; aquifer contamination; coal bed methane; reservoirs; water quality AB Coal-bed methane (CBM) co-produced discharge waters in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming, resulting from extraction of methane from coal seams, have become a priority for chemical, hydrological and biological research during the last few years. Soil and vegetation samples were taken from affected and reference sites (upland elevations and wetted gully) in Juniper Draw to investigate the effects of CBM discharge waters on soil physical and chemical properties and on native and introduced vegetation density and diversity. Results indicate an increase of salinity and sodicity within local soil ecosystems at sites directly exposed to CBM discharge waters. Elevated concentrations of sodium in the soil are correlated with consistent exposure to CBM waters. Clay-loam soils in the study area have a much larger specific surface area than the sandy soils and facilitate a greater sodium adsorption. However, there was no significant relation between increasing water sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values and increasing sediment SAR values downstream; however, soils exposed to the CBM water ranged from the moderate to severe SAR hazard index. Native vegetation species density was highest at the reference (upland and gully) and CBM affected upland sites. The affected gully had the greatest percent composition of introduced vegetation species. Salt-tolerant species had the greatest richness at the affected gully, implying a potential threat of invasion and competition to established native vegetation. These findings suggest that CBM waters could affect agricultural production operations and long-term water quality. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Stearns, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Fed Ctr, MS 413,Box 25064, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM maria_stearns@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 168 IS 1-4 BP 33 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-0588-z PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 983WA UT WOS:000233261800004 ER PT J AU Tindall, JA Friedel, MJ Szmajter, RJ Cuffin, SM AF Tindall, JA Friedel, MJ Szmajter, RJ Cuffin, SM TI Part 1: Vadose-zone column studies of toluene (enhanced bioremediation) in a shallow unconfined aquifer SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; transport; remediation; toluene ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; HYDROCARBON BIODEGRADATION; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; NITROUS-OXIDE; GAS-TRANSPORT; CLAY SOILS; RATES; WATER AB The objectives of the laboratory study described in this paper were (1) to determine the effectiveness of four nutrient solutions and a control in stimulating the microbial degradation of toluene in the unsaturated zone as an alternative to bioremediation methodologies such as air sparging, in situ vitrification, or others (Part I), and (2) to compare the effectiveness of the addition of the most effective nutrient solution from Part I (modified Hoagland type, nitrate-rich) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on microbial degradation of toluene for repeated, simulated spills in the unsaturated zone (Part II). For Part 1, fifteen columns (30-cm diameter by 150-cm height), packed with air-dried, 0.25-mm, medium-fine sand, were prepared to simulate shallow unconfined aquifer conditions. Toluene (10 mL) was added to the surface of each column, and soil solution and soil gas samples were collected from the columns every third day for 21 days. On day 21, a second application of toluene (10 mL) was made, and the experiment was run for another 21 days. Solution 4 was the most effective for microbial degradation in Part I. For Part II, three columns were designated nutrient-rich 3-day toluene columns and received toluene injections every 3 days; three columns were designated as nutrient-rich 7-day columns and received toluene injections every 7 days; and two columns were used as controls to which no nutrient was added. As measured by CO2 respiration, the initial benefits for aerobic organisms from the O-2 enhancement were sustained by the bacteria for only a short period of time (about 8 days). Degradation benefits from the nutrient solution were sustained throughout the experiment. The O-2 and nutrient-enhanced columns degraded significantly more toluene than the control columns when simulating repeated spills onto the unsaturated zone, and demonstrated a potentially effective in situ bioremediation technology when used immediately or within days after a spill. The combined usage of H2O2 and nitrate-rich nutrients served to effectively maximize natural aerobic and anaerobic metabolic processes that biodegrade hydrocarbons in petroleum-contaminated media. Applications of this technology in the field may offer economical advantages to other, more intrusive abatement technologies. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA. CH2M Hill Inc, Denver, CO 80231 USA. GIS Dept, Durango, CO 81301 USA. RP Tindall, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 413,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jtindall@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 168 IS 1-4 BP 325 EP 357 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-1486-0 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 983WA UT WOS:000233261800020 ER PT J AU Tindall, JA Weeks, EP Friedel, M AF Tindall, JA Weeks, EP Friedel, M TI Part 2: A field study of enhanced remediation of toluene in the vadose zone using a nutrient solution SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; SOILS; BIORESTORATION; BIODEGRADATION; DIFFUSION; FUMARATE; GAS AB The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of a nitrate-rich nutrient solution and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to enhance in-situ microbial remediation of toluene in the unsaturated zone. Three sand-filled plots were tested in three phases (each phase lasting approximately 2 weeks). During the control phase, toluene was applied uniformly via sprinkler irrigation. Passive remediation was allowed to occur during this phase. A modified Hoagland nutrient solution, concentrated in 150 L of water, was tested during the second phase. The final phase involved addition of 230 moles of H2O2 in 150 L of water to increase the available oxygen needed for aerobic biodegradation. During the first phase, measured toluene concentrations in soil gas were reduced from 120 ppm to 25 ppm in 14 days. After the addition of nutrients during the second phase, concentrations were reduced from 90 ppm to about 8 ppm within 14 days, and for the third phase (H2O2), toluene concentrations were about 1 ppm after only 5 days. Initial results suggest that this method could be an effective means of remediating a contaminated site, directly after a BTEX spill, without the intrusiveness and high cost of other abatement technologies such as bioventing or soil-vapor extraction. However, further tests need to be completed to determine the effect of each of the BTEX components. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Fed Ctr, Geol Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Tindall, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Fed Ctr, MS 413,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jtindall@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 168 IS 1-4 BP 359 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-3584-4 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 983WA UT WOS:000233261800021 ER PT J AU Schwartz, JJ John, BE Cheadle, MJ Miranda, EA Grimes, CB Wooden, JL Dick, HJB AF Schwartz, JJ John, BE Cheadle, MJ Miranda, EA Grimes, CB Wooden, JL Dick, HJB TI Dating the growth of oceanic crust at a slow-spreading ridge SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SOUTHWEST INDIAN RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; DIFFUSION; ZIRCON; PB AB Nineteen uranium-lead zircon ages of lower crustal gabbros from Atlantis Bank, Southwest Indian Ridge, constrain the growth and construction of oceanic crust at this stow-spreading midocean ridge. Approximately 75% of the gabbros accreted within error of the predicted seafloor magnetic age, whereas similar to 25% are significantly older. These anomalously old samples suggest either spatially varying stochastic intrusion at the ridge axis or, more likely, crystallization of older gabbros at depths of similar to 5 to 18 kilometers below the base of crust in the cold, axial lithosphere, which were uplifted and intruded by shallow-level magmas during the creation of Atlantis Bank. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Schwartz, JJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 30 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 28 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5748 BP 654 EP 657 DI 10.1126/science.1116349 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 980ET UT WOS:000232997700035 PM 16254183 ER PT J AU Chapin, FS Sturm, M Serreze, MC McFadden, JP Key, JR Lloyd, AH McGuire, AD Rupp, TS Lynch, AH Schimel, JP Beringer, J Chapman, WL Epstein, HE Euskirchen, ES Hinzman, LD Jia, G Ping, CL Tape, KD Thompson, CDC Walker, DA Welker, JM AF Chapin, FS Sturm, M Serreze, MC McFadden, JP Key, JR Lloyd, AH McGuire, AD Rupp, TS Lynch, AH Schimel, JP Beringer, J Chapman, WL Epstein, HE Euskirchen, ES Hinzman, LD Jia, G Ping, CL Tape, KD Thompson, CDC Walker, DA Welker, JM TI Role of land-surface changes in Arctic summer warming SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; SEWARD PENINSULA; NORTHERN ALASKA; CARBON STORAGE; TUNDRA SOILS; VEGETATION; TRENDS; TEMPERATURE; TREELINE AB A major challenge in predicting Earth's future climate state is to understand feedbacks that alter greenhouse-gas forcing. Here we synthesize field data from arctic Alaska, showing that terrestrial changes in summer albedo contribute substantially to recent high-latitude warming trends. Pronounced terrestrial summer warming in. arctic Alaska correlates with a lengthening of the snow-free season that has increased atmospheric heating locally by about 3 watts per square meter per decade (similar in magnitude to the regional heating expected over multiple decades from a doubling of atmospheric CO2). The continuation of current trends in shrub and tree expansion could further amplify this atmospheric heating by two to seven times. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst No Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Middlebury Coll, Dept Biol, Middlebury, VT 05443 USA. Monash Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res Stn, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Chapin, FS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM terry.chapin@uaf.edu RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010; Hinzman, Larry/B-3309-2013; Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013; Beringer, Jason/B-8528-2008; Lynch, Amanda/B-4278-2011 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050; Hinzman, Larry/0000-0002-5878-6814; Beringer, Jason/0000-0002-4619-8361; Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910; Lynch, Amanda/0000-0003-2990-1016 NR 48 TC 618 Z9 646 U1 25 U2 286 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 28 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5748 BP 657 EP 660 DI 10.1126/science.1117368 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 980ET UT WOS:000232997700036 PM 16179434 ER PT J AU Hammond, WC Thatcher, W AF Hammond, WC Thatcher, W TI Northwest basin and range tectonic deformation observed with the global positioning system, 1999-2003 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; NEVADA SEISMIC BELT; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; FAULT SYSTEM; PLATE MOTION; FORE-ARC; GPS DATA; ROTATION AB We use geodetic velocities obtained with the Global Positioning System (GPS) to quantify tectonic deformation of the northwest Basin and Range province of the western United States. The results are based on GPS data collected in 1999 and 2003 across five new quasi-linear networks in northern Nevada, northeast California, and southeast Oregon. The velocities show similar to 3 mm/yr westward movement of northern Nevada with respect to stable North America. West of longitude 119 degrees W the velocities increase and turn northwest, parallel to Sierra Nevada/Great Valley microplate motion, and similar to velocities previously obtained to the south. The observations are explained by a kinematic model with three domains that rotate around Euler poles in eastern Oregon and western Idaho. Northeast California experiences internal dextral shear deformation (11.2 +/- 3.6 nstrain/yr) subparallel to Pacific/North America motion. Relative motions of the domains imply 2-5 mm/yr approximately east-west extension in northwest Nevada and 1-4 mm/yr approximately north-south contraction near the California/Oregon border. The northward decreasing approximately east-west extension in northwest Nevada is consistent with the northern termination of Basin and Range deformation, faulting and characteristic topography. No significant extension is detected in the Oregon Basin and Range. The Oregon Cascade arc moves north at similar to 3.5 mm/yr and is possibly influenced by the approximately eastward motion of the Juan de Fuca plate. These results disagree with secular northwest trenchward motion of the Oregon forearc inferred from paleomagnetic rotations. South of latitude 43 degrees, however, trenchward motion exists and is consistent with block rotations, approximately east-west Basin and Range extension, and northwest Sierra Nevada translation. C1 US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hammond, WC (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM whammond@unr.edu NR 40 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 27 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B10 AR B10405 DI 10.1029/2005JB003678 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 981SW UT WOS:000233109300001 ER PT J AU Anders, R Chrysikopoulos, CV AF Anders, R Chrysikopoulos, CV TI Virus fate and transport during artificial recharge with recycled water SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; ANALYTICAL-MODELS; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; BACTERIOPHAGE PRD1; COLLOID TRANSPORT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; BED FILTRATION; SANDY SOILS; WASTE-WATER; AQUIFER AB A field-scale experiment was conducted at a research site using bacterial viruses (bacteriophage) MS2 and PRD1 as surrogates for human viruses, bromide as a conservative tracer, and tertiary-treated municipal wastewater (recycled water) to investigate the fate and transport of viruses during artificial recharge. Observed virus concentrations were fitted using a mathematical model that simulates virus transport in one-dimensional, homogeneous, water-saturated porous media accounting for virus sorption (or filtration), virus inactivation, and time-dependent source concentration. The fitted time-dependent clogging rate constants were used to estimate the collision efficiencies for bacteriophage MS2 and PRD1 during vertical fully saturated flow. Furthermore, the corresponding time-dependent collision efficiencies for both bacteriophage asymptotically reached similar values at the various sampling locations. These results can be used to develop an optimal management scenario to maximize the amount of recycled water that can be applied to the spreading grounds while still maintaining favorable attachment conditions for virus removal. C1 US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Patras, Dept Civil Engn, GR-26110 Patras, Greece. RP Anders, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5735 Kearny Villa Rd,Suite O, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM randers@usgs.gov; costas@eng.uci.edu RI Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos/F-1783-2013 OI Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos/0000-0003-4722-8697 NR 65 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 25 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 10 AR W10415 DI 10.1029/2004WR003419 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 981UI UT WOS:000233113100001 ER PT J AU Green, CT Stonestrom, DA Bekins, BA Akstin, KC Schulz, MS AF Green, CT Stonestrom, DA Bekins, BA Akstin, KC Schulz, MS TI Percolation and transport in a sandy soil under a natural hydraulic gradient SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; IMMOBILE WATER-CONTENT; HEAVY CLAY SOIL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; ANION EXCLUSION; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; MODEL PARAMETERS; MASS-TRANSFER; CHLORIDE AB [1] Unsaturated flow and transport under a natural hydraulic gradient in a Mediterranean climate were investigated with a field tracer experiment combined with laboratory analyses and numerical modeling. Bromide was applied to the surface of a sandy soil during the dry season. During the subsequent rainy season, repeated sediment sampling tracked the movement of bromide through the profile. Analysis of data on moisture content, matric pressure, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, and soil texture and structure provides insights into parameterization and use of the advective-dispersive modeling approach. Capturing the gross features of tracer and moisture movement with model simulations required an order-of-magnitude increase in laboratory- measured hydraulic conductivity. Wetting curve characteristics better represented field results, calling into question the routine estimation of hydraulic characteristics based only on drying conditions. Measured increases in profile moisture exceeded cumulative precipitation in early winter, indicating that gains from dew drip can exceed losses from evapotranspiration during periods of heavy ("Tule'') fog. A single-continuum advective-dispersive modeling approach could not reproduce a peak of bromide that was retained near the soil surface for over 3 years. Modeling of this feature required slow exchange of solute at a transfer rate of 0.5 - 1 x 10(-4) d(-1) with an immobile volume approaching the residual moisture content. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 95025 USA. RP Green, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 95025 USA. EM ctgreen@usgs.gov RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385 NR 70 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 22 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 10 AR W10414 DI 10.1029/2005WR004061 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 978DM UT WOS:000232852700003 ER PT J AU Geist, EL Parsons, T AF Geist, EL Parsons, T TI Triggering of tsunamigenic aftershocks from large strike-slip earthquakes: Analysis of the November 2000 New Ireland earthquake sequence SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE aftershocks; Coulomb failure stress; strike-slip; tsunami; mathematical geophysics : wave propagation oceanography : physical : tsunamis and storm surges; seismology : transform faults ID NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; TENSILE FAULTS; LOCAL TSUNAMIS; HALF-SPACE; BATHS LAW; PLATE; ZONE; DEFORMATION AB [1] The November 2000 New Ireland earthquake sequence started with a M-w = 8.0 left-lateral main shock on 16 November and was followed by a series of aftershocks with primarily thrust mechanisms. The earthquake sequence was associated with a locally damaging tsunami on the islands of New Ireland and nearby New Britain, Bougainville, and Buka. Results from numerical tsunami-propagation models of the main shock and two of the largest thrust aftershocks (M-w > 7.0) indicate that the largest tsunami was caused by an aftershock located near the southeastern termination of the main shock, off the southern tip of New Ireland ( Aftershock 1). Numerical modeling and tide gauge records at regional and far-field distances indicate that the main shock also generated tsunami waves. Large horizontal displacements associated with the main shock in regions of steep bathymetry accentuated tsunami generation for this event. Most of the damage on Bougainville and Buka Islands was caused by focusing and amplification of tsunami energy from a ridge wave between the source region and these islands. Modeling of changes in the Coulomb failure stress field caused by the main shock indicate that Aftershock 1 was likely triggered by static stress changes, provided the fault was on or synthetic to the New Britain interplate thrust as specified by the Harvard CMT mechanism. For other possible focal mechanisms of Aftershock 1 and the regional occurrence of thrust aftershocks in general, evidence for static stress change triggering is not as clear. Other triggering mechanisms such as changes in dynamic stress may also have been important. The 2000 New Ireland earthquake sequence provides evidence that tsunamis caused by thrust aftershocks can be triggered by large strike-slip earthquakes. Similar tectonic regimes that include offshore accommodation structures near large strike-slip faults are found in southern California, the Sea of Marmara, Turkey, along the Queen Charlotte fault in British Columbia, and near the Alpine fault of New Zealand. Results from this study and previous stress modeling studies suggest that the likelihood of local tsunamis in these regions may significantly increase after a great strike-slip earthquake. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008 NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD OCT 21 PY 2005 VL 6 AR Q10005 DI 10.1029/2005GC000935 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 977UF UT WOS:000232828000001 ER PT J AU Griffith, CA Penteado, P Baines, K Drossart, P Barnes, J Bellucci, G Bibring, J Brown, R Buratti, B Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Clark, R Combes, M Coradini, A Cruikshank, D Formisano, V Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, D McCord, T Mennella, V Nelson, R Nicholson, P Sicardy, B Sotin, C Soderblom, LA Kursinski, R AF Griffith, CA Penteado, P Baines, K Drossart, P Barnes, J Bellucci, G Bibring, J Brown, R Buratti, B Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Clark, R Combes, M Coradini, A Cruikshank, D Formisano, V Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, D McCord, T Mennella, V Nelson, R Nicholson, P Sicardy, B Sotin, C Soderblom, LA Kursinski, R TI The evolution of Titan's mid-latitude clouds SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC CLOUDS; ATMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURES; DYNAMICS; WINDS AB Spectra from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer reveal that the horizontal structure, height, and optical depth of Titan's clouds are highly dynamic. Vigorous cloud centers are seen to rise from the middle to the upper troposphere within 30 minutes and dissipate within the next hour. Their development indicates that Titan's clouds evolve convectively; dissipate through rain; and, over the next several hours, waft downwind to achieve their great longitude extents. These and other characteristics suggest that temperate clouds originate from circulation-induced convergence, in addition to a forcing at the surface associated with Saturn's tides, geology, and/or surface composition. C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Observ Paris, Meudon, France. CNR, Inst Fis Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. CNR, Inst Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Rome, Italy. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44035 Nantes, France. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Griffith, CA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Penteado, Paulo/F-9081-2012; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Penteado, Paulo/0000-0001-6759-2037; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314 NR 30 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 21 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5747 BP 474 EP 477 DI 10.1126/science.1117702 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977EU UT WOS:000232786000041 PM 16239472 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, WB Sumner, DM Castillo, A AF Shoemaker, WB Sumner, DM Castillo, A TI Estimating changes in heat energy stored within a column of wetland surface water and factors controlling their importance in the surface energy budget SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MODEL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; INFILTRATION; RECHARGE; TEMPERATURES; EVAPORATION; FLUX; FLOW AB Changes in heat energy stored within a column of wetland surface water can be a considerable component of the surface energy budget, an attribute that is demonstrated by comparing changes in stored heat energy to net radiation at seven sites in the wetland areas of southern Florida, including the Everglades. The magnitude of changes in stored heat energy approached the magnitude of net radiation more often during the winter dry season than during the summer wet season. Furthermore, the magnitude of changes in stored heat energy in wetland surface water generally decreased as surface energy budgets were upscaled temporally. A new method was developed to estimate changes in stored heat energy that overcomes an important data limitation, namely, the limited spatial and temporal availability of water temperature measurements. The new method is instead based on readily available air temperature measurements and relies on the convolution of air temperature changes with a regression-defined transfer function to estimate changes in water temperature. The convolution-computed water temperature changes are used with water depths and heat capacity to estimate changes in stored heat energy within the Everglades wetland areas. These results likely can be adapted to other humid subtropical wetlands characterized by open water, saw grass, and rush vegetation type communities. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33178 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714 USA. RP Shoemaker, WB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 9100 NW 36th St,Suite 107, Miami, FL 33178 USA. EM bshoemak@usgs.gov; dmsumner@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 21 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 10 AR W10411 DI 10.1029/2005WR004037 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 978DL UT WOS:000232852600001 ER PT J AU Paulson, AJ AF Paulson, AJ TI Tracing water and suspended matter in Raritan and Lower New York Bays using dissolved and particulate elemental concentrations SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dissolved metals; particulate metals; elemental composition; tracers; Raritan Bay; Upper and Lower New York Bays; Hudson River Estuary ID HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; METALS; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; MN AB Geochemical tracers were used to examine the mixing of water and particles in Lower New York and Raritan Bays in August 1999 during low-flow conditions. Four brackish water masses (20:! S:! 28) originating in the Raritan and Shrewsbury Rivers, Arthur Kill, and Upper New York Bay were characterized by their dissolved metals concentrations. The mixing lines of dissolved Cu, Ni, and Pb in Lower New York Bay were similar to those in Upper New York Bay, the source of most of the freshwater to the system. Dissolved Cd and Mn seemed to have been removed by particles in several regions of the study. Dissolved Cu, Ni and Ph in the Raritan River fell below the mixing lines of the Lower New York Bay. In contrast, the concentrations of dissolved Co and Mn in the Raritan River were distinctly higher than those in the Lower New York Bay, while dissolved Cu and Ni were elevated in the Arthur Kill. A plot of dissolved Co versus dissolved Ni clearly differentiated among three water masses: (1) Upper and Lower New York Bays and Sandy Hood Bay, (2) the Raritan River, and (3) Arthur Kill-Raritan Bay-Shrewsbury River. The concentrations of 22 elements also were measured in the suspended matter of Raritan and Lower New York Bays and brackish water sources. The elemental composition of the suspended matter in surface and bottom waters was correlated with Fe concentrations, which ranged between 50 and 900 mu mol g(-1). Statistical differences among the geographical regions were detected in the relationships of Ti, Ni, Co, As, and U with Fe, with particulate As being an especially strong geochemical indicator of Raritan River particles. The geochemical signatures of Lower New York Bay particles were similar to those of Upper New York Bay. The geochemical signatures of Raritan River particles were distinctly different than those of the Upper New York Bay, but the influence of Raritan River particles appeared to be limited to only inner Raritan Bay. This study illustrates the utility of trace elements for characterization of physical processes in complex estuaries. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USGS, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Environm Hydrol & Geochem Sect, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. NOAA Fisheries, James J Howard Lab, Highlands, NJ USA. RP Paulson, AJ (reprint author), USGS, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Environm Hydrol & Geochem Sect, 1201 Pacific Ave,Suite 600, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM apaulson@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD OCT 20 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 60 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2005.01.007 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 978ZP UT WOS:000232912100006 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM Thunell, R Dwyer, GS Saenger, C Mann, ME Vann, C Seal, RR AF Cronin, TM Thunell, R Dwyer, GS Saenger, C Mann, ME Vann, C Seal, RR TI Multiproxy evidence of Holocene climate variability from estuarine sediments, eastern North America SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE BAY SEDIMENTS; EL-NINO; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; UNITED-STATES; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; LOXOCONCHA-MATAGORDENSIS; TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE; SUSQUEHANNA RIVER; SHELL CHEMISTRY AB [1] We reconstructed paleoclimate patterns from oxygen and carbon isotope records from the fossil estuarine benthic foraminifera Elphidium and Mg/Ca ratios from the ostracode Loxoconcha from sediment cores from Chesapeake Bay to examine the Holocene evolution of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-type climate variability. Precipitation-driven river discharge and regional temperature variability are the primary influences on Chesapeake Bay salinity and water temperature, respectively. We first calibrated modern delta(18)O(water) to salinity and applied this relationship to calculate trends in paleosalinity from the delta(18)O(foram), correcting for changes in water temperature estimated from ostracode Mg/Ca ratios. The results indicate a much drier early Holocene in which mean paleosalinity was similar to 28 ppt in the northern bay, falling similar to 25% to similar to 20 ppt during the late Holocene. Early Holocene Mg/Ca-derived temperatures varied in a relatively narrow range of 13 degrees to 16 degrees C with a mean temperature of 14.2 degrees C and excursions above 16 degrees C; the late Holocene was on average cooler ( mean temperature of 12.8 degrees C). In addition to the large contrast between early and late Holocene regional climate conditions, multidecadal ( 20 - 40 years) salinity and temperature variability is an inherent part of the region's climate during both the early and late Holocene, including the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age. These patterns are similar to those observed during the twentieth century caused by NAO-related processes. Comparison of the midlatitude Chesapeake Bay salinity record with tropical climate records of Intertropical Convergence Zone fluctuations inferred from the Cariaco Basin titanium record suggests an anticorrelation between precipitation in the two regions at both millennial and centennial timescales. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A, Reston, VA USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov RI Mann, Michael/B-8472-2017 OI Mann, Michael/0000-0003-3067-296X NR 87 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD OCT 19 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 AR PA4006 DI 10.1029/2005PA001145 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 978DD UT WOS:000232851600001 ER PT J AU Breshears, DD Cobb, NS Rich, PM Price, KP Allen, CD Balice, RG Romme, WH Kastens, JH Floyd, ML Belnap, J Anderson, JJ Myers, OB Meyer, CW AF Breshears, DD Cobb, NS Rich, PM Price, KP Allen, CD Balice, RG Romme, WH Kastens, JH Floyd, ML Belnap, J Anderson, JJ Myers, OB Meyer, CW TI Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE tree mortality; vegetation dynamics; climate change impacts; woodlands; Pinus edulis ID PINUS-EDULIS; JUNIPERUS-MONOSPERMA; SOIL-MOISTURE; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; DISTURBANCE; SOUTHWEST; WOODLAND; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS AB Future drought is projected to occur under warmer temperature conditions as climate change progresses, referred to here as global-change-type drought, yet quantitative assessments of the triggers and potential extent of drought-induced vegetation die-off remain pivotal uncertainties in assessing climate-change impacts. Of particular concern is regional-scale mortality of overstory trees, which rapidly alters ecosystem type, associated ecosystem properties, and land surface conditions for decades. Here, we quantify regional-scale vegetation die-off across southwestern North American woodlands in 2002-2003 in response to drought and associated bark beetle infestations. At an intensively studied site within the region, we quantified that after 15 months of depleted soil water content, >90% of the dominant, overstory tree species (Pinus edulis, a pinon) died. The die-off was reflected in changes in a remotely sensed index of vegetation greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation index), not only at the intensively studied site but also across the region, extending over 12,000 km(2) or more; aerial and field surveys confirmed the general extent of the die-off. Notably, the recent drought was warmer than the previous subcontinental drought of the 1950s. The limited, available observations suggest that die-off from the recent drought was more extensive than that from the previous drought, extending into wetter sites within the tree species' distribution. Our results quantify a trigger leading to rapid, drought-induced die-off of overstory woody plants at subcontinental scale and highlight the potential for such die-off to be more severe and extensive for future global-change-type drought under warmer conditions. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Inst Study Plant Earth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Stewardship Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Math, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansan Appl Remote Sensing Program, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Colorado State Univ, Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Prescott Coll, Environm Studies Program, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ New Mexico, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Breshears, DD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Inst Study Plant Earth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM daveb@email.arizona.edu RI Myers, Orrin/F-1130-2010; Breshears, David/B-9318-2009; Romme, William/C-7317-2016 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058; FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES012072, P30ES012072] NR 28 TC 838 Z9 867 U1 30 U2 348 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 18 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 42 BP 15144 EP 15148 DI 10.1073/pnas.0505734102 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977NZ UT WOS:000232811800038 PM 16217022 ER PT J AU Helsel, DR AF Helsel, DR TI More than obvious: Better methods for interpreting nondetect data SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DETECTION LIMIT OBSERVATIONS; WATER-QUALITY DATA; CENSORED-DATA; ENVIRONMENTAL DATA C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Helsel, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 27 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 20 BP 419A EP 423A DI 10.1021/es053368a PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976UH UT WOS:000232758400004 PM 16295833 ER PT J AU Slowey, AJ Johnson, SB Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE AF Slowey, AJ Johnson, SB Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE TI Role of organic acids in promoting colloidal transport of mercury from mine tailings SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL POROUS-MEDIA; AQUIFER SAND; SULFUR-BANK; SPECIATION; RELEASE; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; WATER; SOIL; SPECTROSCOPY AB A number of factors affect the transport of dissolved and particulate mercury (Hg) from inoperative Hg mines, including the presence of organic acids in the rooting zone of vegetated mine waste. We examined the role of the two most common organic acids in soils (oxalic and citric acid) on Hg transport from such waste by pumping a mixed organic acid solution (pH 5.7) at 1 mL/min through Hg mine tailings columns. For the two total organic acid concentrations investigated (20 mu M and 1 mM), particle-associated Hg was mobilized, with the onset of particulate Hg transport occurring later for the lower organic acid concentration. Chemical analyses of column effluent indicate that 98 wt % of Hg mobilized from the column was particulate. Hg speciation was determined using extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, showing that HgS minerals are dominant in the mobilized particles. Hg adsorbed to colloids is another likely mode of transport due to the abundance of Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides, Fe-sulfides, alunite, and jarosite in the tailings to which Hg(II) adsorbs. Organic acids produced by plants are likely to enhance the transport of colloid-associated Hg from vegetated Hg mine tailings by dissolving cements to enable colloid release. C1 Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Slowey, AJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM aslowey@pangea.stanford.edu NR 39 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 20 BP 7869 EP 7874 DI 10.1021/es0504643 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976UH UT WOS:000232758400020 PM 16295849 ER PT J AU Ericksen, JA Gustin, MS Lindberg, SE Olund, SD Krabbenhoft, DP AF Ericksen, JA Gustin, MS Lindberg, SE Olund, SD Krabbenhoft, DP TI Assessing the potential for re-emission of mercury deposited in precipitation from arid soils using a stable isotope SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GASEOUS MERCURY; EMISSIONS; METHYLATION; MOBILITY; BEHAVIOR; NEVADA AB A solution containing Hg-198 in the form of HgCl2 was added to a 4 m(2) area of desert soils in Nevada, and soil Hg fluxes were measured using three dynamic flux chambers. There was an immediate release of Hg-198 after it was applied, and then emissions decreased exponentially. Within the first 6 h after the isotope was added to the soil, similar to 12 ng m(-2) of Hg-198 was emitted to the atmosphere, followed by a relatively steady flux of the isotope at 0.2 +/- 0.2 ng m(-2) h(-1) for the remainder of the experiment (62 days). Over this time, similar to 200 ng m(-2) or 2% of the Hg-198 isotope was emitted from the soil, and we estimate that similar to 6% of the isotope would be re-emitted in a year's time. During the experiment, dry deposition of elemental Hg from the atmosphere was measured with an average deposition rate of 0.2 +/- 0.1 ng m(-2) h(-1). Emission of ambient Hg from the soil was observed after soil wetting with the isotope solution and after a storm event. However,the added moisture from the storm event did not affect 198Hg flux. Results suggest that in this desert environment, where there is limited precipitation, Hg deposited by wet processes is not readily re-emitted and that dry deposition of elemental Hg may be an important process. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gustin, MS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, 1664 N Virginia St,MS 370, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM msg@unr.nevada.edu NR 36 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 20 BP 8001 EP 8007 DI 10.1021/es0505651 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976UH UT WOS:000232758400038 PM 16295867 ER PT J AU Booth, AL Kolodny, Y Chamberlain, CP McWilliams, M Schmitt, AK Wooden, J AF Booth, AL Kolodny, Y Chamberlain, CP McWilliams, M Schmitt, AK Wooden, J TI Oxygen isotopic composition and U-Pb discordance in zircon SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ION MICROPROBE; LOW-DELTA-O-18 RHYOLITES; METAMORPHIC ROCKS; RATIOS; FRACTIONATION; EVOLUTION; MINERALS; AGES; RECRYSTALLIZATION; GEOCHEMISTRY AB We have investigated U-Pb discordance and oxygen isotopic composition of zircon using high-spatial resolution delta(18)O measurement by ion microprobe. delta(18)O in both concordant and discordant zircon grains provides an indication of the relationship between fluid interaction and discordance. Our results suggest that three characteristics of zircon are interrelated: (1) U-Pb systematics and concomitant age discordance, (2) delta(18)O and the water-rock interactions implied therein, and (3) zircon texture, as revealed by cathodoluminescence and BSE imaging. A key observation is that U-Pb-disturbed zircons are often also variably depleted in (18)O, but the relationship between discordance and delta(18)O is not systematic. delta(18)O values of discordant zircons are generally lighter but irregular in their distribution. Textural differences between zircon grains can be correlated with both U-Pb discordance and delta(18)O. Discordant grains exhibit either a recrystallized, fractured, or strongly zoned CL texture, and are characteristic of (18)O depletion. We interpret this to be a result of metamictization, leading to destruction of the zircon lattice and an increased susceptibility to lead loss. Conversely, grains that are concordant have less-expressed zoning and a smoother CL texture and are enriched in (18)O. From this it is apparent that various stages of water-rock interaction, as evidenced by systematic variations in delta(18)O, leave their imprint on both the texture and U-Pb systematics of zircon. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Booth, AL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM mbooth@pangea.stanford.edu RI Schmitt, Axel/A-1279-2010; McWilliams, Michael/A-9548-2011; UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011; OI McWilliams, Michael/0000-0002-4107-7069; Schmitt, Axel/0000-0002-9029-4211 NR 42 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 20 BP 4895 EP 4905 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2005.05.013 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 983YE UT WOS:000233267500013 ER PT J AU Nakano, M Kumagai, H AF Nakano, M Kumagai, H TI Response of a hydrothermal system to magmatic heat inferred from temporal variations in the complex frequencies of long-period events at Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, Japan SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE long-period (LP) events; complex frequency; temporal variation; fluid-filled crack; hydrothermal system ID WAVE-FORM INVERSION; LINEAR DYNAMIC-SYSTEM; STROMBOLI VOLCANO; POPOCATEPETL VOLCANO; ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES; BENEATH VOLCANOS; SOURCE MECHANISM; SEISMIC SIGNALS; EXPLOSIONS; CRACK AB We investigate temporal variations in the complex frequencies (frequency and quality factor Q) of long-period (LP) events that occurred at Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, central Japan. We analyze LP waveforms observed at this volcano in the period between 1988 and 1995, which covers a seismically active period between 1989 and 1993. Systematic temporal variations in the complex frequencies are observed in October-November 1989, July-October 1991, and September 1992-January 1993. We use acoustic properties of a crack filled with hydrothermal fluids to interpret the observed temporal variations in the complex frequencies. The temporal variations in October-November 1989 can be divided into two periods, which are explained by a gradual decrease and increase of a gas-volume fraction in a water-steam mixture in a crack, respectively. The temporal variations in July-October 1991 can be also divided into two periods. These variations in the first and second periods are similar to those observed in November 1989 and in September-November 1992, respectively, and are interpreted as drying of a water-steam mixture and misty gas in a crack, respectively. The repeated nature of the temporal variations observed in similar seasons between July and November suggests the existence of seasonality in the occurrence of LP events. This may be caused by a seasonally variable meteoritic water supply to a hydrothermal system, which may have been heated by the flux of volcanic gases from magma beneath this volcano. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Nakano, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mnakano@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2005 VL 147 IS 3-4 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.04.003 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 980GG UT WOS:000233001900002 ER PT J AU Vaughan, RG Hook, SJ Ramsey, MS Realmuto, VJ Schneider, DJ AF Vaughan, RG Hook, SJ Ramsey, MS Realmuto, VJ Schneider, DJ TI Monitoring eruptive activity at mount St. Helens with TIR image data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EMISSION; VOLCANOS AB Thermal infrared (TIR) data from the MASTER airborne imaging spectrometer were acquired over Mount St. Helens in Sept and Oct, 2004, before and after the onset of recent eruptive activity. Pre-eruption data showed no measurable increase in surface temperatures before the first phreatic eruption on Oct 1. MASTER data acquired during the initial eruptive episode on Oct 14 showed maximum temperatures of similar to 330 degrees C and TIR data acquired concurrently from a Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera showed maximum temperatures similar to 675 degrees C, in narrow (similar to 1-m) fractures of molten rock on a new resurgent dome. MASTER and FLIR thermal flux calculations indicated a radiative cooling rate of similar to 714 J/m(2)/s over the new dome, corresponding to a radiant power of similar to 24 MW. MASTER data indicated the new dome was dacitic in composition, and digital elevation data derived from LIDAR acquired concurrently with MASTER showed that the dome growth correlated with the areas of elevated temperatures. Low SO2 concentrations in the plume combined with sub-optimal viewing conditions prohibited quantitative measurement of plume SO2. The results demonstrate that airborne TIR data can provide information on the temperature of both the surface and plume and the composition of new lava during eruptive episodes. Given sufficient resources, the airborne instrumentation could be deployed rapidly to a newly-awakening volcano and provide a means for remote volcano monitoring. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Vaughan, RG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-501,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM greg.vaughan@jpl.nasa.gov; simon.j.hook@jpl.nasa.gov; ramsey@ivis.eps.pitt.edu; vincent.j.realmuto@jpl.nasa.gov; djschneider@usgs.gov RI Ramsey, Michael/D-9183-2013 NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 14 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 19 AR L19305 DI 10.1029/2005GL024112 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 975TR UT WOS:000232686000003 ER PT J AU Bakun, WH Aagaard, B Dost, B Ellsworth, WL Hardebeck, JL Harris, RA Ji, C Johnston, MJS Langbein, J Lienkaemper, JJ Michael, AJ Murray, JR Nadeau, RM Reasenberg, PA Reichle, MS Roeloffs, EA Shakal, A Simpson, RW Waldhauser, F AF Bakun, WH Aagaard, B Dost, B Ellsworth, WL Hardebeck, JL Harris, RA Ji, C Johnston, MJS Langbein, J Lienkaemper, JJ Michael, AJ Murray, JR Nadeau, RM Reasenberg, PA Reichle, MS Roeloffs, EA Shakal, A Simpson, RW Waldhauser, F TI Implications for prediction and hazard assessment from the 2004 Parkfield earthquake SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE; RECURRENCE; SLIP; BEHAVIOR; RUPTURE; MICROEARTHQUAKES; SEISMICITY; SEGMENT; MODELS AB Obtaining high-quality measurements close to a large earthquake is not easy: one has to be in the right place at the right time with the right instruments. Such a convergence happened, for the first time, when the 28 September 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake occurred on the San Andreas fault in the middle of a dense network of instruments designed to record it. The resulting data reveal aspects of the earthquake process never before seen. Here we show what these data, when combined with data from earlier Parkfield earthquakes, tell us about earthquake physics and earthquake prediction. The 2004 Parkfield earthquake, with its lack of obvious precursors, demonstrates that reliable short-term earthquake prediction still is not achievable. To reduce the societal impact of earthquakes now, we should focus on developing the next generation of models that can provide better predictions of the strength and location of damaging ground shaking. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Seismol Div, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bakun@usgs.gov RI Michael, Andrew/A-5059-2010; Dost, Bernard/B-9268-2012; Harris, Ruth/C-4184-2013; OI Michael, Andrew/0000-0002-2403-5019; Harris, Ruth/0000-0002-9247-0768; Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833; Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 NR 51 TC 176 Z9 186 U1 5 U2 49 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 13 PY 2005 VL 437 IS 7061 BP 969 EP 974 DI 10.1038/nature04067 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 973AU UT WOS:000232496100034 PM 16222291 ER PT J AU Tanaka, KL AF Tanaka, KL TI Geology and insolation-driven climatic history of Amazonian north polar materials on Mars SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LAYERED DEPOSITS; GROUND ICE; SURFACE; EVOLUTION; MORPHOLOGY; ORIGIN AB Mariner 9 and Viking spacecraft images revealed that the polar regions of Mars, like those of Earth, record the planet's climate history. However, fundamental uncertainties regarding the materials, features, ages and processes constituting the geologic record remained(1-6). Recently acquired Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data(7) and Mars Orbiter Camera high-resolution images(8) from the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft and moderately high-resolution Thermal Emission Imaging System visible images(9) from the Mars Odyssey spacecraft permit more comprehensive geologic and climatic analyses(10-17). Here I map and show the history of geologic materials and features in the north polar region that span the Amazonian period (similar to 3.0 Gyr ago to present) (18,19). Erosion and redeposition of putative circumpolar mud volcano deposits(15) ( formed by eruption of liquefied, fine-grained material) led to the formation of an Early Amazonian polar plateau consisting of dark layered materials. Crater ejecta superposed on pedestals indicate that a thin mantle was present during most of the Amazonian, suggesting generally higher obliquity and insolation conditions at the poles than at present. Brighter polar layered deposits rest unconformably on the dark layers and formed mainly during lower obliquity over the past 4 - 5Myr (ref. 20). Finally, the uppermost layers post-date the latest downtrend in obliquity < 20,000 years ago(20). C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Tanaka, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM ktanaka@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 13 PY 2005 VL 437 IS 7061 BP 991 EP 994 DI 10.1038/nature04065 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 973AU UT WOS:000232496100038 PM 16222294 ER PT J AU Freifeld, BM Trautz, RC Kharaka, YK Phelps, TJ Myer, LR Hovorka, SD Collins, DJ AF Freifeld, BM Trautz, RC Kharaka, YK Phelps, TJ Myer, LR Hovorka, SD Collins, DJ TI The U-tube: A novel system for acquiring borehole fluid samples from a deep geologic CO2 sequestration experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID AQUIFER DISPOSAL AB [1] A novel system has been deployed to obtain geochemical samples of water and gas, at in situ pressure, during a geologic CO2 sequestration experiment conducted in the Frio brine aquifer in Liberty County, Texas. Project goals required high-frequency recovery of representative and uncontaminated aliquots of a rapidly changing two-phase fluid (supercritical CO2 and brine) fluid from 1.5 km depth. The data sets collected, using both the liquid and gas portions of the downhole samples, provide insights into the coupled hydrogeochemical issues affecting CO2 sequestration in brine-filled formations. While the basic premise underlying the U-tube sampler is not new, the system is unique because careful consideration was given to the processing of the recovered two-phase fluids. In particular, strain gauges mounted beneath the high-pressure surface sample cylinders measured the ratio of recovered brine to supercritical CO2. A quadrupole mass spectrometer provided real-time gas analysis for perfluorocarbon and noble gas tracers that were injected along with the CO2. The U-tube successfully acquired frequent samples, facilitating accurate delineation of the arrival of the CO2 plume, and on-site analysis revealed rapid changes in geochemical conditions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94035 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. Sandia Technol LLC, Houston, TX 77066 USA. RP Freifeld, BM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bmfreifeld@lbl.gov RI Freifeld, Barry/F-3173-2010; phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011 NR 9 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 11 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B10 AR B10203 DI 10.1029/2005JB003735 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 975UO UT WOS:000232688900002 ER PT J AU Friedel, MJ AF Friedel, MJ TI Coupled inverse modeling of vadose zone water, heat, and solute transport: calibration constraints, parameter nonuniqueness, and predictive uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vadose zone; mass and energy transport; coupled inverse modeling; model calibration; parameter nonuniqueness; predictive uncertainty ID SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; UNSATURATED ZONE; CONFIDENCE; INTERVALS AB In this study, an inverse methodology is presented and used to evaluate the effect that calibration of a synthetic artificial recharge model, constrained by different combinations of measurements (pressure head, temperature, and concentration), has on estimated vadose zone model parameter-value nonuniqueness and predictive water, heat, and solute transport uncertainty. Several findings are arrived at following model calibration and predictive analysis. First, composite scaled sensitivities revealed that all calibration measurement combinations contributed to the estimation of 30 water, beat, and solute transport parameters by inverting a set of vadose zone transport equations that were coupled explicitly through dependent variables and implicitly through parameters and fluid properties. Second, despite excellent model quality and perfect match of simulated-to-measured dependent field variables, the limitations in information content of field measurements used to constrain the calibration process promoted correlation among parameters; correlation among parameters promoted parameter nonuniqueness; and parameter nonuniqueness promoted predictive uncertainty. Consequently, simulations by transport models calibrated against field information represent a single realization associated with some quantifiable range of predictive uncertainty. Third, a primary reduction in uncertainty was achieved by increasing the number of calibration-constraint measurements, but reductions in uncertainty appeared restricted implying a practical limit to parameterization detail. Fourth, for a fixed number of measurements, a less prominent reduction in the range of predictive uncertainty could be realized through selective use of measurement types to constrain the calibration process. Therefore, field measurement types used to constrain the calibration process should be matched to target predictions. Fifth, because correlation among parameters contributes to predictive uncertainty, it may be possible to further reduce predictive uncertainty by estimating parameters that also minimize the largest eigenvalue in the normalized eigenvector matrix. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Friedel, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC, Box 25046,MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mfriedel@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 10 PY 2005 VL 312 IS 1-4 BP 148 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.02.013 PG 28 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 975OT UT WOS:000232672500011 ER PT J AU Hough, SE AF Hough, SE TI A crack in the edge of the world - The Great American Earthquake of 1906 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 7 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5745 BP 55 EP 56 DI 10.1126/science.1118551 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 972TV UT WOS:000232477000027 ER PT J AU Hough, SE AF Hough, SE TI A crack in the edge of the world - America and the Great California Earthquake of 1906 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 7 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5745 BP 55 EP 56 DI 10.1126/science.1118551 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 972TV UT WOS:000232477000026 ER PT J AU Barnes, JW Brown, RH Turtle, EP McEwen, AS Lorenz, RD Janssen, M Schaller, EL Brown, ME Buratti, BJ Sotin, C Griffith, C Clark, R Perry, J Fussner, S Barbara, J West, R Elachi, C Bouchez, AH Roe, HG Baines, KH Bellucci, G Bibring, JP Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Combes, M Coradini, A Cruikshank, DP Drossart, P Formisano, V Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, DL McCord, TB Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B AF Barnes, JW Brown, RH Turtle, EP McEwen, AS Lorenz, RD Janssen, M Schaller, EL Brown, ME Buratti, BJ Sotin, C Griffith, C Clark, R Perry, J Fussner, S Barbara, J West, R Elachi, C Bouchez, AH Roe, HG Baines, KH Bellucci, G Bibring, JP Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Combes, M Coradini, A Cruikshank, DP Drossart, P Formisano, V Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, DL McCord, TB Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B TI A 5-micron-bright spot on Titan: Evidence for surface diversity SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CASSINI RADAR AB Observations from the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer show an anomalously bright spot on Titan located at 80 degrees W and 20 degrees S. This area is bright in reflected tight at all. observed wavelengths, but is most noticeable at 5 microns. The spot is associated with a surface albedo feature identified in images taken by the Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem. We discuss various hypotheses about the source of the spot, reaching the conclusion that the spot is probably due to variation in surface composition, perhaps associated with recent geophysical phenomena. C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44035 Nantes, France. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Rome, Italy. Observ Paris, Meudon, France. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Barnes, JW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jbarnes@lpl.arizona.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314 NR 14 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 7 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5745 BP 92 EP 95 DI 10.1126/science.1117075 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 972TV UT WOS:000232477000044 PM 16210535 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J Johnson, P AF Gomberg, J Johnson, P TI Seismology - Dynamic triggering of earthquakes SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEFORMATIONS C1 US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp EES11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gomberg, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Suite 2, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM gomberg@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 6 PY 2005 VL 437 IS 7060 BP 830 EP 830 DI 10.1038/nature04167 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 970VB UT WOS:000232338600034 PM 16208360 ER PT J AU Sauber, J Molnia, B Carabajal, C Luthcke, S Muskett, R AF Sauber, J Molnia, B Carabajal, C Luthcke, S Muskett, R TI Ice elevations and surface change on the Malaspina Glacier, Alaska SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Here we use Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat)-derived elevations and surface characteristics to investigate the Malaspina Glacier of southern Alaska. Although there is significant elevation variability between ICESat tracks on this glacier, we were able to discern general patterns in surface elevation change by using a regional digital elevation model (DEM) as a reference surface. Specifically, we report elevation differences between ICESat Laser 1 - 3 observations ( February 2003 November 2004) and a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)-derived DEM from February 2000. Elevation decreases of up to 20 - 25 m over a 3 - 4 year time period were observed across the folded loop moraine on the southern portion of the Malaspina Glacier. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sauber, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jeanne.m.sauber-rosenberg@nasa.gov RI Luthcke, Scott/D-6283-2012; Sauber, Jeanne/D-7684-2012 NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 23 AR L23S01 DI 10.1029/2005GL023943 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 973WH UT WOS:000232552800001 ER PT J AU Kling, GW Evans, WC Tanyileke, G Kusakabe, M Ohba, T Yoshida, Y Hell, JV AF Kling, GW Evans, WC Tanyileke, G Kusakabe, M Ohba, T Yoshida, Y Hell, JV TI Degassing Lakes Nyos and Monoun: Defusing certain disaster SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE gas disaster; limnology; natural hazard ID WEST-AFRICA; GAS DISASTER; KILLER LAKE; CAMEROON; CO2; CHEMISTRY; BEGIN; WATER AB Since the catastrophic releases of CO2 in the 1980s, Lakes Nyos and Monoun in Cameroon experienced CO2 recharge at alarming rates of up to 80 mol/m(2) per yr. Total gas pressures reached 8.3 and 15.6 bar in Monoun (2003) and Nyos (2001), respectively, resulting in gas saturation levels up to 97%. These natural hazards are distinguished by the potential for mitigation to prevent future disasters. Controlled degassing was initiated at Nyos (2001) and Monoun (2003) amid speculation it could inadvertently destabilize the lakes and trigger another gas burst. Our measurements indicate that water column structure has not been compromised by the degassing and local stability is increasing in the zones of degassing. Furthermore, gas content has been reduced in the lakes approximate to 12-14%. However, as gas is removed, the pressure at pipe inlets is reduced, and the removal rate will decrease over time. Based on 12 years of limnological measurements we developed a model of future removal rates and gas inventory, which predicts that in Monoun the current pipe will remove approximate to 30% of the gas remaining before the natural gas recharge balances the removal rate. In Nyos the single pipe will remove approximate to 25% of the gas remaining by 2015; this slow removal extends the present risk to local populations. More pipes and continued vigilance are required to reduce the risk of repeat disasters. Our model indicates that 75-99% of the gas remaining would be removed by 2010 with two pipes in Monoun and five pipes in Nyos, substantially reducing the risks. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Inst Geol & Min Res, Yaounde, Cameroon. Okayama Univ, Inst Study Earths Interior, Misasa, Tottori 6820193, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Volcan Fluid Res Ctr, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Yoshida Consulting Engineer Off, Morioka, Iwate 0200121, Japan. RP Kling, GW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM gwk@umich.edu RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012; Kling, George/C-7867-2015 OI Kling, George/0000-0002-6349-8227 NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 34 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 4 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 40 BP 14185 EP 14190 DI 10.1073/pnas.0502274102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 971OD UT WOS:000232392900014 PM 16186504 ER PT J AU Espinar, JL Thompson, K Garcia, LV AF Espinar, JL Thompson, K Garcia, LV TI Timing of seed dispersal generates a bimodal seed bank depth distribution SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Donana; helophytes; Juncus; Mediterranean wetland; Scirpus; seed buoyancy; seed rain; soil cracks ID MEDITERRANEAN SALT-MARSH; GERMINATION; EMERGENCE; MARITIMUS; SOIL AB The density of soil seed banks is normally highest at the soil surface and declines monotonically with depth. Sometimes. for a variety of reasons, peak density occurs below the surface but, except in severely disturbed soils, it is generally true that deeper seeds are older. In seasonally dry habitats that develop deep soil cracks during the dry season, it is possible that some seeds fall down cracks and rapidly become deeply buried. We investigated this possibility for three dominant clonal perennials (Scirpus maritimus, S. litoralis, and Juncus subulatus) in the Donana salt marsh, it nontidal marsh with a Mediterranean climate located in southwest Spain. Two species, which shed most of their seed during the dry season and have seeds with low buoyancy, had bimodal viable seed depth distributions, with peak densities at the surface and at 16-20 cm. A third species, which shed most seeds after soil cracks had closed and had seeds with high buoyancy, had viable seeds only in surface soil. Bimodal seed bank depth distributions may be relatively common in seasonally dry habitats with fine-textured soils, but their ecological significance has not been investigated. C1 CSIC, Dept Geoecol, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla, E-41080 Seville, Spain. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Espinar, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM jespinar@usgs.gov OI Garcia, Luis V./0000-0002-5514-2941 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 92 IS 10 BP 1759 EP 1763 DI 10.3732/ajb.92.10.1759 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 971BT UT WOS:000232356800017 PM 21646093 ER PT J AU Flinders, CA Magoulick, DD AF Flinders, CA Magoulick, DD TI Distribution, habitat use and life history of stream-dwelling crayfish in the spring river drainage of Arkansas and Missouri with a focus on the imperiled Mammoth Spring Crayfish (Orconectes marchandi) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; SPECIES REPLACEMENTS; RUSTICUS GIRARD; FISH PREDATION; COMMUNITY; DECAPODA; VIRILIS; ONTARIO; MACROINVERTEBRATES; DISPLACEMENT AB The Mammoth Spring crayfish (Orconectes marchandi) is listed as endangered by the American Fisheries Society's Endangered Species Committee and globally impaired by the Missouri Natural Heritage Database. Recorded at only three locations in the Spring River watershed (southern Missouri and northern Arkansas), little information exists on its range, associations with other crayfish and habitat selection. We sampled stream-dwelling crayfish with kicknets and quadrat samplers during spring-summer over 2 y in the Spring River drainage to determine distribution, relative density habitat use, species associations, and life history characteristics of O. marchandi and other associated crayfish species. Nine crayfish species were collected in the Spring River watershed including a previously unrecorded invasive species, O. neglectus chaenodactylus, that appears to have replaced the native O. eupunctus from a portion of the watershed where it was previously abundant. The known distribution of O. marchandi was expanded from three streams in three sub-watersheds to 20 streams in eight sub-watersheds. Orconectes marchandi was found mainly in smaller streams (order 1-3) in habitats consisting of slower moving, shallow water with gravel, pebble and cobble substrates. Oronectes marchandi was not significantly associated with any crayfish species by site. Orconectes eupunctus was found exclusively in the main-channel South Fork and Spring rivers. Current velocity, water depth and substrate were related to crayfish densities, but were crayfish species- and size-dependent. Growth rates differed among species with O. punctimanus showing the greatest growth in carapace length from winter to summer and O. marchandi showing the greatest increase in weight with carapace length. Sex ratios differed among crayfish species and by season. Additional research is needed to gain a better understanding of factors affecting habitat selection by crayfish species and to determine potential impacts of O. neglectus chaenodactylus on native populations. C1 Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 54 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 154 IS 2 BP 358 EP 374 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0358:DHUALH]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 975OD UT WOS:000232670900008 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Corn, PS Pilliod, DS AF Hossack, BR Corn, PS Pilliod, DS TI Lack of significant changes in the herpetofauna of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota, since the 1920s SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HISTORICAL CHANGES; AMPHIBIANS; ASSEMBLAGE AB We surveyed 88 upland wetlands and 12 1-km river sections for amphibians in Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota, during 2001-2002 to gather baseline data for future monitoring efforts and to evaluate changes in the distribution of species. We compared our results to collections of herpetofauna made during 1920-1922, 1954 and 1978-1979. The boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata) was the most common amphibian in upland wetlands, followed by the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum), Woodhouse's toad (Bufo woodhousii), northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens), plains spadefoot (Spea bombifrons) and the Great Plains toad (B. cognatus). Bufo woodhousii was the only species that bred in the river. Our records for reptiles are less complete than for amphibians but no losses from the community are evident. The herpetofauna in Theodore Roosevelt National Park seems unchanged during at least the last half-century and likely since 1920-1922. C1 US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 154 IS 2 BP 423 EP 432 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0423:LOSCIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 975OD UT WOS:000232670900013 ER PT J AU Aldega, L Eberl, DD AF Aldega, L Eberl, DD TI Detrital illite crystals identified from crystallite thickness measurements in siliciclastic sediments SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID BEARING ROCKS; SMECTITE; ORIGIN; TRANSFORMATION; METAMORPHISM; CHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; EVOLUTION; PVP-10; GROWTH AB Illite crystals in siliciclastic sediments are heterogeneous assemblages of detrital material coming from various source rocks and, at paleotemperatures > 70 degrees C, of superimposed diagenetic modification in the parent sediment. We distinguished the relative proportions of 2M(t) detrital illite and possible diagenetic 1M(d) + 1M illite by a combined analysis of crystal-size distribution and illite polytype quantification. We found that the proportions of 1M(d) + 1M and 2M(1) illite could be determined from crystallite thickness measurements (BWA method, using the MudMaster program) by unmixing measured crystallite thickness distributions using theoretical and calculated log-normal and/or asymptotic distributions. The end-member components that we used to unmix the measured distributions were three asymptotic-shaped distributions (assumed to be the diagenetic component of the mixture, the 1M(d) + 1M polytypes) calculated using the Galoper program (Phase A was simulated using 500 crystals per cycle of nucleation and growth, Phase B = 333/cycle, and Phase C = 250/cycle), and one theoretical log-normal distribution (Phase D, assumed to approximate the detrital 2M(1) component of the mixture). In addition, quantitative polytype analysis was carried out using the RockJock software for comparison. The two techniques gave comparable results (r(2) = 0.93), which indicates that the unmixing method permits one to calculate the proportion of illite polytypes and, therefore, the proportion of 2M(1) detrital illite, from crystallite thickness measurements. The overall illite crystallite thicknesses in the samples were found to be a function of the relative proportions of thick 2M(1) and thin 1M(d) + 1M illite. The percentage of illite layers in I-S mixed layers correlates with the mean crystallite thickness of the 1M(d) + 1M polytypes, indicating that these polytypes, rather than the 2M(1) polytype, participate in I-S mixed layering. C1 Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Sci Geol, I-00146 Rome, Italy. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Aldega, L (reprint author), Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Sci Geol, Largo SL Murialdo 1, I-00146 Rome, Italy. EM aldega@uniroma3.it NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 90 IS 10 BP 1587 EP 1596 DI 10.2138/am.2005.1823 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 973EE UT WOS:000232504900011 ER PT J AU Fogarty, LR Voytek, MA AF Fogarty, LR Voytek, MA TI Comparison of Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers for fecal samples from different animal species SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE PATTERNS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INDICATOR BACTERIA; WATER-QUALITY; HUMAN FECES; POLLUTION; DNA; COMMUNITIES; PCR AB To effectively manage surface and ground waters it is necessary to improve our ability to detect and identify sources of fecal contamination. We evaluated the use of the anaerobic bacterial group Bacteroides-Prevotella as a potential fecal indicator. Terminal restriction length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of the 16S rRNA genes from this group was used to determine differences in populations and to identify any unique populations in chickens, cows, deer, dogs, geese, horses, humans, pigs, and seagulls. The group appears to be a good potential fecal indicator in all groups tested except for avians. Cluster analysis of Bacteroides-Prevotella community T-RFLP profiles indicates that Bacteroides-Prevotella populations from samples of the same host species are much more similar to each other than to samples from different source species. We were unable to identify unique peaks that were exclusive to any source species; however, for most host species, at least one T-RFLP peak was identified to be more commonly found in that species, and a combination of peaks could be used to identify the source. T-RFLP profiles obtained from water spiked with known-source feces contained the expected diagnostic peaks from the source. These results indicate that the approach of identifying Bacteroides-Prevotella molecular markers associated with host species might be useful in identifying sources of fecal contamination in the environment. C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Voytek, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Natl Res Program, MS430,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mavoytek@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 5999 EP 6007 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.10.5999-6007.2005 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 973DV UT WOS:000232504000041 PM 16204514 ER PT J AU Anesio, AM Graneli, W Aiken, GR Kieber, DJ Mopper, K AF Anesio, AM Graneli, W Aiken, GR Kieber, DJ Mopper, K TI Effect of humic substance photodegradation on bacterial growth and respiration in lake water SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; AQUATIC FULVIC-ACIDS; NATURAL-WATERS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CARBON-CYCLE; UV-RADIATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION; INORGANIC CARBON; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; SOLAR-RADIATION AB This study addresses how humic substance (HS) chemical composition and photoreactivity affect bacterial growth, respiration, and growth efficiency (BGE) in lake water. Aqueous solutions of HSs from diverse aquatic environments representing different dissolved organic matter sources (autochthonous and allochthonous) were exposed to artificial solar UV radiation. These solutions were added to lake water passed through a 0.7-mu m-pore-size filter (containing grazer-free lake bacteria) followed by dark incubation for 5, 43, and 65 h. For the 5-h incubation, several irradiated HSs inhibited bacterial carbon production (BCP) and this inhibition was highly correlated with H2O2 photoproduction. The H2O2 decayed in the dark, and after 43 h, nearly all irradiated HSs enhanced BCP (average 39% increase relative to nonirradiated controls, standard error = 7.5%, n = 16). UV exposure of HSs also increased bacterial respiration (by similar to 18%, standard error = 5%, n = 4), but less than BCP, resulting in an average increase in BGE of 32% (standard error = 10%, n = 4). Photoenhancement of BCP did not correlate to HS bulk properties (i.e., elemental and chemical composition). However, when the photoenhancement of BCP was normalized to absorbance, several trends with HS origin and extraction method emerged. Absorbance-normalized hydrophilic acid and humic acid samples showed greater enhancement of BCP than hydrophobic acid and fulvic acid samples. Furthermore, absorbance-normalized autochthonous samples showed similar to 10-fold greater enhancement of BCP than allochthonous-dominated samples, indicating that the former are more efficient photoproducers of biological substrates. C1 Univ Wales, Inst Biol Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Dyfed, Wales. Lund Univ, Dept Ecol Limnol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Mopper, K (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Old Domin Univ,Rm 110 Alfriend Bldg,4541 Hampton, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM kmopper@odu.edu RI Anesio, Alexandre/A-7597-2008 OI Anesio, Alexandre/0000-0003-2990-4014 NR 66 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 6267 EP 6275 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.10.6267-6275.2005 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 973DV UT WOS:000232504000075 PM 16204548 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Richmond, S Chapelle, FH AF Bradley, PM Richmond, S Chapelle, FH TI Chloroethene biodegradation in sediments at 4 degrees C SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARTHROBACTER-CHLOROPHENOLICUS A6; LOW-TEMPERATURE; BIOREMEDIATION; DEGRADATION AB Microbial reductive dechlorination of [1,2-C-14]trichloroethene to [C-14]cis-dichloroethene and [C-14] vinyl chloride was observed at 4 degrees C in anoxic microcosms prepared with cold temperature-adapted aquifer and river sediments from Alaska. Microbial anaerobic oxidation of [1,2-C-14]cis-dichloroethene and [1,2-C-14] vinyl chloride to (CO2)-C-14 also was observed under these conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. Alaska Dept Environm Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 6414 EP 6417 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.10.6416-6417.2005 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 973DV UT WOS:000232504000097 PM 16204570 ER PT J AU Zhang, CS Manheim, FT Hinde, J Grossman, JN AF Zhang, CS Manheim, FT Hinde, J Grossman, JN TI Statistical characterization of a large geochemical database and effect of sample size SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY; FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTIONS; NORMALITY AB The authors investigated statistical distributions for concentrations of chemical elements from the National Geochemical Survey (NGS) database of the U.S. Geological Survey. At the time of this study, the NGS data set encompasses 48,544 stream sediment and soil samples from the conterminous United States analyzed by ICP-AES following a 4-acid near-total digestion. This report includes 27 elements: Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Ti, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, La, Li, Mn, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Sc, Sr, Th, V, Y and Zn. The goal and challenge for the statistical overview was to delineate chemical distributions in a complex, heterogeneous data set spanning a large geographic range (the conterminous United States), and many different geological provinces and rock types. After declustering to create a uniform spatial sample distribution with 16,511 samples, histograms and quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots were employed to delineate subpopulations that have coherent chemical and mineral affinities. Probability groupings are discerned by changes in slope (kinks) on the plots. Major rock-forming elements, e.g., Al, Ca, K and Na, tend to display linear segments on normal Q-Q plots. These segments can commonly be linked to petrologic or mineralogical associations. For example, linear segments on K and Na plots reflect dilution of clay minerals by quartz sand (low in K and Na). Minor and trace element relationships are best displayed on lognormal Q-Q plots. These sensitively reflect discrete relationships in subpopulations within the wide range of the data. For example, small but distinctly log-linear subpopulations for Pb, Cu, Zn and Ag are interpreted to represent ore-grade enrichment of naturally occurring minerals such as sulfides. None of the 27 chemical elements could pass the test for either normal or lognormal distribution on the declustered data set. Part of the reasons relate to the presence of mixtures of subpopulations and outliers. Random samples of the data set with successively smaller numbers of data points showed that few elements passed standard statistical tests for normality or log-normality until sample size decreased to a few hundred data points. Large sample size enhances the power of statistical tests, and leads to rejection of most statistical hypotheses for real data sets. For large sample sizes (e.g., n > 1000), graphical methods such as histogram, stem-and-leaf, and probability plots are recommended for rough judgement of probability distribution if needed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Geog, Galway, Ireland. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Math, Galway, Ireland. RP Zhang, CS (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Geog, Galway, Ireland. EM Chaosheng.Zhang@nuigalway.ie NR 38 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1857 EP 1874 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.06.006 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 979HS UT WOS:000232933600003 ER PT J AU Kirby, CS Cravotta, CA AF Kirby, CS Cravotta, CA TI Net alkalinity and net acidity 1: Theoretical considerations SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MINE WATERS; SULFATE; IRON AB Net acidity and net alkalinity are widely used, poorly defined, and commonly misunderstood parameters for the characterization of mine drainage. The authors explain theoretical expressions of 3 types of alkalinity (caustic, phenolphthalein, and total) and acidity (mineral, CO2, and total). Except for rarely-invoked negative alkalinity, theoretically defined total alkalinity is closely analogous to measured alkalinity and presents few practical interpretation problems. Theoretically defined "CO2-acidity" is closely related to most standard titration methods with an endpoint pH of 8.3 used for determining acidity in mine drainage, but it is unfortunately named because CO2 is intentionally driven off during titration of mine-drainage samples. Using the proton condition/mass-action approach and employing graphs to illustrate speciation with changes in pH, the authors explore the concept of principal components and how to assign acidity contributions to aqueous species commonly present in mine drainage. Acidity is defined in mine drainage based on aqueous speciation at the sample pH and on the capacity of these species to undergo hydrolysis to pH 8.3. Application of this definition shows that the computed acidity in mg L-1 as CaCO3 (based on pH and analytical concentrations of dissolved Fe-II, Fe-III, Mn, and Al in mg L-1): acidity(calculated) =50{1000(10(-pH)) + [2(Fe-II) + 3(Fe-III)]/56 + 2(Mn)/55 + 3(Al)/27} underestimates contributions from HSO4- and H+, but overestimates the acidity due to Fe3+ and Al3+. However, these errors tend to approximately cancel each other. It is demonstrated that "net alkalinity" is a valid mathematical construction based on theoretical definitions of alkalinity and acidity. Further, it is shown that, for most mine-drainage solutions, a useful net alkalinity value can be derived from: (1) alkalinity and acidity values based on aqueous speciation, (2) measured alkalinity minus calculated acidity, or (3) taking the negative of the value obtained in a standard method "hot peroxide" acidity titration, provided that labs report negative values. The authors recommend the third approach; i.e., net alkalinity = -Hot Acidity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Bucknell Univ, Dept Geol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Kirby, CS (reprint author), Bucknell Univ, Dept Geol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. EM kirby@bucknell.edu; cravotta@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1920 EP 1940 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.07.002 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 979HS UT WOS:000232933600007 ER PT J AU Kirby, CS Cravotta, CA AF Kirby, CS Cravotta, CA TI Net alkalinity and net acidity 2: Practical considerations SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MINE DRAINAGE; WATERS; SCHWERTMANNITE AB The pH, alkalinity, and acidity of mine drainage and associated waters can be misinterpreted because of the chemical instability of samples and possible misunderstandings of standard analytical method results. Synthetic and field samples of mine drainage having various initial pH values and concentrations of dissolved metals and alkalinity were titrated by several methods, and the results were compared to alkalinity and acidity calculated based on dissolved solutes. The pH, alkalinity, and acidity were compared between fresh, unoxidized and aged, oxidized samples. Data for Pennsylvania coal mine drainage indicates that the pH of fresh samples was predominantly acidic (pH 2.5-4) or near neutral (pH 6-7); approximate to 25% of the samples had pH values between 5 and 6. Following oxidation, no samples had pH values between 5 and 6. The Standard Method Alkalinity titration is constrained to yield values > 0. Most calculated and measured alkalinities for samples with positive alkalinities were in close agreement. However, for low-pH samples, the calculated alkalinity can be negative due to negative contributions by dissolved metals that may oxidize and hydrolyze. The Standard Method hot peroxide treatment titration for acidity determination (Hot Acidity) accurately indicates the potential for pH to decrease to acidic values after complete degassing Of CO2 and oxidation of Fe and Mn, and it indicates either the excess alkalinity or that required for neutralization of the sample. The Hot Acidity directly measures net acidity (=-net alkalinity). Samples that had near-neutral pH after oxidation had negative Hot Acidity; samples that had pH < 6.3 after oxidation had positive Hot Acidity. Samples with similar pH values before oxidation had dissimilar Hot Acidities due to variations in their alkalinities and dissolved Fe, Mn, and Al concentrations. Hot Acidity was approximately equal to net acidity calculated based on initial pH and dissolved concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Al minus the initial alkalinity. Acidity calculated from the pH and dissolved metals concentrations, assuming equivalents of 2 per mole of Fe and Mn and 3 per mole of Al, was equivalent to that calculated based on complete aqueous speciation of Fe-II/Fe-III. Despite changes in the pH, alkalinity, and metals concentrations, the Hot Acidities were comparable for fresh and most aged samples. A meaningful "net" acidity can be determined from a measured Hot Acidity or by calculation from the pH, alkalinity, and dissolved metals concentrations. The use of net alkalinity = (Alkalinity(measured) - Hot Acidity(measured)) to design mine drainage treatment can lead to systems with insufficient Alkalinity to neutralize metal and H+ acidity and is not recommended. The use of net alkalinity = -Hot Acidity titration is recommended for the planning of mine drainage treatment. The use of net alkalinity = (Alkalinity(measured) - Acidity(calculated)) is recommended with some cautions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Bucknell Univ, Dept Geol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Kirby, CS (reprint author), Bucknell Univ, Dept Geol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. EM kirby@bucknell.edu; cravotta@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1941 EP 1964 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.07.003 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 979HS UT WOS:000232933600008 ER PT J AU Ebeling, JM Rishel, KL Sibrell, PL AF Ebeling, JM Rishel, KL Sibrell, PL TI Screening and evaluation of polymers as flocculation aids for the treatment of aquacultural effluents SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE waste management; polymers; flocculant aids ID SUSPENDED-SOLIDS; REMOVAL; PHOSPHORUS; DISCHARGE; SYSTEMS AB As environmental regulations become more stringent, environmentally sound waste management and disposal are becoming increasingly more important in all aquaculture operations. One of the primary water quality parameters of concern is the suspended solids concentration in the discharged effluent. For example, EPA initially considered the establishment of numerical limitations for only one single pollutant: total suspended solids (TSS). For recirculation systems, the proposed TSS limitations would have applied to solids polishing or secondary solids removal technology. The new rules and regulations from EPA (August 23, 2004) require only qualitative TSS limits, in the form of solids control best management practices (BMP), allowing individual regional and site specific conditions to be addressed by existing state or regional programs through NPDES permits. In recirculation systems, microscreen filters are commonly used to remove the suspended solids from the process water. Further concentration of suspended solids from the backwash water of the microscreen filter could significantly reduce quantity of discharge water. And in some cases, the backwash water from microscreen filters needs to be further concentrated to minimize storage volume during over wintering for land disposal or other final disposal options. In addition, this may be required to meet local, state, and regional discharge water quality. The objective of this research was an initial screening of several commercially available polymers routinely used as coagulation-flocculation aids in the drinking and wastewater treatment industry and determination of their effectiveness for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater. Based on the results of the initial screening, a further evaluation of six polymers was conducted to estimate the optimum polymer dosage for flocculation of aquaculture microscreen effluent and overall solids removal efficiency. Results of these evaluations show TSS removal was close to 99%r via settling, with final TSS values ranging from as low as 10-17 mg/L. Although not intended to be used for reactive phosphorus (RP) removal, RP was reduced by 92-95% by removing most of the TSS in the wastewater to approximately 1 mg/ L-P. Dosage requirements were fairly uniform, requiring between 15 and 20 mg/L of polymer. Using these dosages, estimated costs range from $4.38 to $13.08 per metric tonne of feed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Ebeling, JM (reprint author), Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, 1098 Turner Rd, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. EM j.ebeling@freshwaterinstitute.org OI Sibrell, Philip/0000-0001-5666-1228 NR 13 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 235 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.02.001 PG 15 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 961SY UT WOS:000231683300001 ER PT J AU Fairchild, JF Allert, AL Sappington, LC Waddell, B AF Fairchild, JF Allert, AL Sappington, LC Waddell, B TI Chronic toxicity of un-ionized ammonia to early life-stages of endangered colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) and razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) compared to the surrogate fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINANT SENSITIVITY; PH; COPPER; FISHES; RIVER AB Ammonia-contaminated groundwater enters the Upper Colorado River from beneath the abandoned Moab Uranium Mill Tailings Pile near Moab, Utah. This reach of the Upper Colorado River was designated as critical habitat for four endangered fish species because it is one of the few existing areas with known spawning and rearing habitats. Un-ionized ammonia (NH3) concentrations frequently exceed 1.00 mg/L in backwaters adjacent to the tailings pile, which exceeds the Utah 30-d average chronic water quality criterion for un-ionized ammonia (0.07 mg/L NH3; temperature 20 degrees C; pH 8.2) by a factor of more than 10. However, there is little published information regarding the sensitivity of endangered fishes to ammonia. We conducted 28-d static renewal studies with post-swim-up larvae to determine the relative sensitivity of Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus), and the standard surrogate fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to NH3. Chronic values (ChVs) for mortality and growth were determined as the geometric mean of the no observed effect concentration and the lowest observed effect concentration based on analysis of variance. The ChVs for growth of fathead minnow, Colorado pikeminnow, and razorback sucker were 0.43, 0.40, and 0.67 mg/L NH3, respectively. The ChVs for mortality of fathead minnow, Colorado pikeminnow, and razorback sucker were 0.43, 0.70, and 0.67 mg/L NH3, respectively. Therefore, the ChVs for mortality and growth were similar for fathead minnow and razorback sucker; however, the ChV for growth was lower than the ChV for mortality for Colorado pikeminnow. Maximum likelihood regression was used to calculate 28-d lethal concentrations (LCx) for each species. The 28-d LC50, LC20, and LC1 values for fathead minnow were 0.69, 0.42, and 0.13 mg/L NH3, respectively. The 28-d LC50, LC20, and LC1 values for Colorado pikeminnow were 0.76, 0.61, and 0.38 mg/L NH3, respectively. The 28-d LC50, LC20, and LC1 values for razorback sucker were 0.54, 0.38, and 0.25 mg/L NH3, respectively. The fathead minnow, Colorado pikeminnow, and razorback sucker are relatively similar in sensitivity and rank at the 35th, 49th, and 31st percentiles, respectively, of the theoretical chronic fish sensitivity distributions for NH3. The existing water quality criteria for NH3, if met by remediation activities at the Moab site, would be protective of these endangered fishes even if fish sensitivity is based on the conservative LC1 value. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA. RP Fairchild, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jfairchild@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 49 IS 3 BP 378 EP 384 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-0223-9 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 966WJ UT WOS:000232053200012 PM 16132417 ER PT J AU Rhymer, JM McAuley, DG Ziel, HL AF Rhymer, JM McAuley, DG Ziel, HL TI Phylogeography of the American woodcock (Scolopax minor): Are management units based on band recovery data reflected in genetically based management units? SO AUK LA English DT Article DE American Woodcock; gene flow; migration flyways; mitochondrial; DNA; mtDNA; phylogeography; population expansion; Scolopax minor ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; WARBLER WILSONIA-PUSILLA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONTROL-REGION; COALESCENT APPROACH; SEQUENCE DATA; MIGRATION; CONNECTIVITY; POPULATIONS; STATES AB Information on population connectivity throughout the annual cycle has become more crucial, because populations of many migratory birds are in decline. One such species is the American Woodcock (Scolopax minor), which inhabits early-successional forests in eastern North America. Although band recoveries have proved useful for dividing populations of this game bird species into an Eastern Region and Central Region for management purposes, these data do not provide enough detail to determine the breeding population of origin of birds recovered on stopover and wintering areas. To obtain more fine-scale data, we undertook a phylogeographic study of American Woodcock populations throughout their primary breeding range in the eastern United States and Canada using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from the hypervariable control region I (CRI) and ND6 gene. Despite high haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity was low and there was no phylogeographic structure among American Woodcock populations across the species range, with birds from many states and provinces in both management regions sharing identical haplotypes. Results suggest recent or ongoing gene flow among populations, with asymmetric movement of birds between migration flyways. As has been demonstrated for several other avian species in North America, American Woodcock appear to have undergone a rapid population expansion following the late Pleistocene glacial retreat. Thus, a combination of historical demographic factors and recent or ongoing gene flow mask any population structure based on mtDNA that might accrue from philopatry to breeding areas observed in studies of marked birds. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Rhymer, JM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM judith.rhymer@umit.maine.edu NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2005 VL 122 IS 4 BP 1149 EP 1160 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1149:POTAWS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 987HO UT WOS:000233509200011 ER PT J AU Owen, JC Sogge, MK Kern, MD AF Owen, JC Sogge, MK Kern, MD TI Habitat and sex differences in physiological condition of breeding Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE diet; Empidonax traillii extimus; physiology; saltcedar; Southwestern Willow Flycatcher; tamarisk ID LYMPHOCYTE RATIOS; GREAT TITS; BODY-MASS; HETEROPHIL; STRESS; BIRDS; CORTICOSTERONE; METABOLITES; RESPONSES; HEALTH AB The Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus; hereafter "flycatcher") is a federally listed endangered species that breeds in densely vegetated riparian habitats dominated by native and exotic plants, including introduced monotypic saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima). Some workers have theorized that saltcedar is unsuitable habitat for the flycatcher, primarily because it generally supports a smaller and less diverse invertebrate community (the flycatcher's food base) than native habitats (e.g. Salix spp.). However, differences in insect communities between native and saltcedar habitats are not proof that saltcedar habitats are inferior. The only way to evaluate whether the habitats differ in dietary or energetic quality is to document actual food limitation or its manifestations. Measurements of an individual's body condition and metabolic state can serve as indicators of environmental stressors, such as food limitation and environmental extremes. We captured 130 flycatchers breeding in native and saltcedar habitats in Arizona and New Mexico and measured 12 variables of physiological condition. These variables included body mass, fat level, body condition index, hematocrit, plasma triglycerides, plasma free fatty acids and glycerol, plasma glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate, plasma uric acid, total leukocyte count, and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. We found substantial sex-based differences in the condition of male and female flycatchers. Ten of the 12 measures of physiological condition differed significantly between the sexes. In all cases where male and female condition differed (except mass), the differences suggest that males were in poorer condition than females. We found few habitat-based differences in flycatcher condition. Only 3 of the 12 physiological condition indices differed significantly between habitats. Our data show that, at least in some parts of the flycatcher's range, there is no evidence that flycatchers breeding in saitcedar habitats exhibit poorer nutritional condition or are suffering negative physiological affects. C1 No Arizona Univ, SW Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Coll Wooster, Dept Biol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Owen, JC (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM jennifer.owen@usm.edu RI Owen, Jen/B-3148-2013 OI Owen, Jen/0000-0003-1383-4816 NR 43 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2005 VL 122 IS 4 BP 1261 EP 1270 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1261:HASDIP]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 987HO UT WOS:000233509200020 ER PT J AU Mehlman, DW Mabey, SE Ewert, DN Duncan, C Abel, B Cimprich, D Sutter, RD Woodrey, M AF Mehlman, DW Mabey, SE Ewert, DN Duncan, C Abel, B Cimprich, D Sutter, RD Woodrey, M TI Conserving stopover sites for forest-dwelling migratory landbirds SO AUK LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIRD MIGRATION; UNITED-STATES; MASS CHANGE; CONSERVATION; CONSEQUENCES; CONNECTIVITY; MIGRANT; RADAR; POPULATION; PRIORITIES C1 Nature Conservancy, Migratory Bird Program, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Nature Conservancy, Great Lakes Program, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Nature Conservancy, Migratory Bird Program, Portland, ME 04102 USA. Nature Conservancy, Migratory Bird Program, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Nat Conservancy So US Reg, Durham, NC 27713 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, MS 39213 USA. RP Mehlman, DW (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Migratory Bird Program, 1303 Rio Grande Blvd NW,Suite 5, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. EM dmehlman@tnc.org NR 60 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2005 VL 122 IS 4 BP 1281 EP 1290 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1281:CSSFFM]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 987HO UT WOS:000233509200022 ER PT J AU Shanley, JB Mayer, B Mitchell, MJ Michel, RL Bailey, SW Kendall, C AF Shanley, JB Mayer, B Mitchell, MJ Michel, RL Bailey, SW Kendall, C TI Tracing sources of streamwater sulfate during snowmelt using S and O isotope ratios of sulfate and S-35 activity SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE isotopic tracers; oxygen-18; sulfate; sulfur-34; sulfur-35; Vermont; Sleepers River ID BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; STABLE SULFUR ISOTOPES; NEW-YORK-STATE; HUBBARD-BROOK; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; SURFACE WATERS; NEW-ENGLAND; RUNOFF AB The biogeochemical cycling of sulfur (S) was studied during the 2000 snowmelt at Sleepers River Research Watershed in northeastern Vermont, USA using a hydrochemical and multi-isotope approach. The snowpack and 10 streams of varying size and land use were sampled for analysis of anions, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), S-35 activity, and delta(34)S and delta(18)O values of sulfate. At one of the streams, delta(18)O values of water also were measured. Apportionment of sulfur derived from atmospheric and mineral sources based on their distinct delta(34)S values was possible for 7 of the 10 streams. Although mineral S generally dominated, atmospheric-derived S contributions exceeded 50% in several of the streams at peak snowmelt and averaged 41% overall. However, most of this atmospheric sulfur was not from the melting snowpack; the direct contribution of atmospheric sulfate to streamwater sulfate was constrained by S-35 mass balance to a maximum of 7%. Rather, the main source of atmospheric sulfur in streamwater was atmospheric sulfate deposited months to years earlier that had microbially cycled through the soil organic sulfur pool. This atmospheric/pedospheric sulfate (pedogenic sulfate formed from atmospheric sulfate) source is revealed by delta(18)O values of streamwater sulfate that remained constant and significantly lower than those of atmospheric sulfate throughout the melt period, as well as streamwater S-35 ages of hundreds of days. Our results indicate that the response of streamwater sulfate to changes in atmospheric deposition will be mediated by sulfate retention in the soil. C1 US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Campton, NH 03223 USA. RP Shanley, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. EM jshanley@usgs.gov RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012; OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 59 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD OCT PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 BP 161 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s10533-005-2856-9 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 983OP UT WOS:000233242300008 ER PT J AU Shafroth, P AF Shafroth, P TI Tamarisk tensions SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Shafroth, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 55 IS 10 BP 821 EP 821 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 973HV UT WOS:000232514400004 ER PT J AU Tear, TH Kareiva, P Angermeier, PL Comer, P Czech, B Kautz, R Landon, L Mehlman, D Murphy, K Ruckelshaus, M Scott, JM Wilhere, G AF Tear, TH Kareiva, P Angermeier, PL Comer, P Czech, B Kautz, R Landon, L Mehlman, D Murphy, K Ruckelshaus, M Scott, JM Wilhere, G TI How much is enough? The recurrent problem of setting measurable objectives in conservation SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE conservation; objectives; goals; biodiversity; planning ID ENDANGERED-SPECIES-ACT; POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; CAPE FLORISTIC REGION; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; RECOVERY PLANS; PROTECTED AREAS; PACIFIC SALMON; SOUTH-AFRICA; SCIENCE; GOALS AB International agreements, environmental laws, resource management agencies, and environmental nongovernmental organizations all establish objectives that define what they hope to accomplish. Unfortunately, quantitative objectives in conservation are typically set without consistency and scientific rigor. As a result, conservationists are failing to provide credible answers to the question "How much is enough?" This is a serious problem because objectives profoundly shape where and how limited conservation resources are spent, and help to create a shared vision for the future. In this article we develop guidelines to help steer conservation biologists and practitioners through the process of objective setting. We provide three case studies to highlight the practical challenges of objective setting in different social, political, and legal contexts. We also identify crucial gaps in our science, including limited knowledge of species distributions and of large-scale, long-term ecosystem dynamics, that must be filled if we hope to do better than setting conservation objectives through intuition and best guesses. C1 Nature Conservancy, Eastern New York Chapter, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NatureServe, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Breedlove Dennis & Associates Inc, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. Nature Conservancy, Global Conservat Approach Team, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Nature Conservancy, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Tear, TH (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Eastern New York Chapter, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM ttear@tnc.org NR 66 TC 129 Z9 134 U1 8 U2 66 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 55 IS 10 BP 835 EP 849 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0835:HMIETR]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 973HV UT WOS:000232514400010 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Millett, BV Gilmanov, T Voldseth, RA Guntenspergen, GR Naugle, DE AF Johnson, WC Millett, BV Gilmanov, T Voldseth, RA Guntenspergen, GR Naugle, DE TI Vulnerability of northern prairie wetlands to climate change SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE prairie wetlands; climate change; potholes; waterfowl; wetland restoration ID UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; DROUGHT; PERSPECTIVE; DYNAMICS; DUCKS AB The prairie pothole region (PPR) lies in the heart of North America and contains millions of glacially formed, depressional wetlands embedded in a landscape matrix of natural grassland and agriculture. These wetlands provide valuable ecosystem services and produce 50% to 80% of the continent's ducks. We explored the broad spatial and temporal patterns across the PPR between climate and wetland water levels and vegetation by applying a wetland simulation model (WETSIM) to 18 stations with 95-year weather records. Simulations suggest that the most productive habitat for breeding waterfowl would shift under a drier climate from the center of the PPR (the Dakotas and southeastern Saskatchewan) to the wetter eastern and northern fringes, areas currently less productive or where most wetlands have been drained. Unless these wetlands are protected and restored, there is little insurance for waterfowl against future climate warming. WETSIM can assist wetland managers in allocating restoration dollars in an uncertain climate future. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry Landscape & Pk, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55774 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry Landscape & Pk, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 26 TC 155 Z9 164 U1 13 U2 102 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 55 IS 10 BP 863 EP 872 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0863:VONPWT]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 973HV UT WOS:000232514400012 ER PT J AU Antonious, GF Patterson, MA Snyder, JC AF Antonious, GF Patterson, MA Snyder, JC TI Impact of soil amendments on broccoli quality and napropamide movement under field conditions SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; INFILTRATION WATER; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; COMPOST; SORPTION; INSECTICIDES; ADSORPTION; FERTILIZER; HERBICIDES; ATRAZINE C1 Kentucky State Univ, Land Grant Program, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, White Sulphur Springs, WV 24986 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Hort, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Antonious, GF (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Land Grant Program, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 218 Atwood Res Facil, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 75 IS 4 BP 797 EP 804 DI 10.1007/s00128-005-0821-x PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 981VY UT WOS:000233117300025 PM 16400563 ER PT J AU Michael, AJ AF Michael, AJ TI Viscoelasticity, postseismic slip, fault interactions, and the recurrence of large earthquakes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; MODEL; CALIFORNIA; PARKFIELD; STRESS; CYCLE AB The Brownian Passage Time (BPT) model for earthquake recurrence is modified to include transient deformation due to either viscoelasticity or deep post-seismic slip. Both of these processes act to increase the rate of loading on the seismogenic fault for some time after a large event. To approximate these effects, a decaying exponential term is added to the BPT model's uniform loading term. The resulting interevent time distributions remain approximately lognormal, but the balance between the level of noise (e.g., unknown fault interactions) and the coefficient of variability of the interevent time distribution changes depending on the shape of the loading function. For a given level of noise in the loading process, transient deformation has the effect of increasing the coefficient of variability of earthquake interevent times. Conversely, the level of noise needed to achieve a given level of variability is reduced when transient deformation is included. Using less noise would then increase the effect of known fault interactions modeled as stress or strain steps because they would be larger with respect to the noise. If we only seek to estimate the shape of the interevent time distribution from observed earthquake occurrences, then the use of a transient deformation model will not dramatically change the results of a probability study because a similar shaped distribution can be achieved with either uniform or transient loading functions. However, if the goal is to estimate earthquake probabilities based on our increasing understanding of the seismogenic process, including earthquake interactions, then including transient deformation is important to obtain accurate results. For example, a loading curve based on the 1906 earthquake, paleoseismic observations of prior events, and observations of recent deformation in the San Francisco Bay region produces a 40% greater variability in earthquake recurrence than a uniform loading model with the same noise level. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Michael, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM michael@usgs.gov RI Michael, Andrew/A-5059-2010 OI Michael, Andrew/0000-0002-2403-5019 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1594 EP 1603 DI 10.1785/1020030208 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 978IY UT WOS:000232868000002 ER PT J AU Baher, S Fuis, G Sliter, R Normark, WR AF Baher, S Fuis, G Sliter, R Normark, WR TI Upper-crustal structure of the vilner continental borderland near Long Beach, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PALOS-VERDES FAULT; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CORE COMPLEX; MODEL; EARTHQUAKE; ROTATIONS; EVOLUTION AB A new P-wave velocity/structural model for the inner Continental Borderland (ICB) region was developed for the area near Long Beach, California. It combines controlled-source seismic reflection and refraction data collected during the 1994 Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), multichannel seismic reflection data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (1998-2000), and nearshore borehole stratigraphy. Based on lateral velocity contrasts and stratigraphic variation determined from borehole data, we are able to locate major faults such as the Cabrillo, Palos Verdes, THUMS-Huntington Beach, and Newport Inglewood fault zones, along with minor faults such as the slope fault, Avalon knoll, and several other yet unnamed faults. Catalog seismicity (1975-2002) plotted on our preferred velocity/structural model shows recent seismicity is located on 16 out of our 24 faults, providing evidence for continuing concern with respect to the existing seismic-hazard estimates. Forward modeling of P-wave arrival times on the LARSE line 1 resulted in a four-layer model that better resolves the stratigraphy and geologic structures of the ICB and also provides tighter constraints on the upper-crustal velocity structure than previous modeling of the LARSE data. There is a correlation between the structural horizons identified in the reflection data with the velocity interfaces determined from forward modeling of refraction data. The strongest correlation is between the base of velocity layer 1 of the refraction model and the base of the planar sediment beneath the shelf and slope determined by the reflection model. Layers 2 and 3 of the velocity model loosely correlate with the diffractive crust layer, locally interpreted as Catalina Schist. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USAF, Tech Applicat Ctr, Cocoa, FL USA. RP Baher, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sbaher@aftac.gov OI Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1957 EP 1969 DI 10.1785/0120040051 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 978IY UT WOS:000232868000028 ER PT J AU Bufe, CG AF Bufe, CG TI Stress distribution along the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte transform fault system SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE; DENALI FAULT; SEISMIC ZONE; ALASKA; EARTHQUAKES; TECTONICS; MOTION AB Tectonic loading and Coulomb stress transfer are modeled along the right-lateral Fairweather-Queen Charlotte transform fault system using a three-dimensional boundary element program. The loading model includes slip below 12 km along the transform as well as motion of the Pacific plate, and it is consistent with most available Global Positioning System (GPS) displacement rate data. Coulomb stress transfer is shown to have been a weak contributing factor in the failure of the southeastern (Sitka) segment of the Fairweather fault in 1972, hastening the occurrence of the earthquake by only about 8 months. Failure of the Sitka segment was enhanced by a combination of cumulative loading from below (95%) by slip of about 5 cm/yr since 1848, by stress transfer (about 1%) from major earthquakes on straddling segments of the Queen Charlotte fault (M 8.1 in 1949) and the Fairweather fault (M 7.8 in 1958), and by viscoelastic relaxation (about 4%) following the great 1964 Alaska earthquake, modeled by Pollitz et al. (1998). Cumulative stress increases in excess of 7 MPa at a depth of 8 km are projected prior to the M 7.6 earthquake. Coulomb stress transferred by the rupture of the great M 9.2 Alaska earthquake in 1964 (Bufe, 2004a) also hastened the occurrence of the 1972 event, but only by a month or two. Continued tectonic loadin- over the last half century and stress transfer from the M 7.6 Sitka event has resulted in restressing of the adjacent segments by about 3 MPa at 8 km depth. The occurrence of a M 6.8 earthquake on the northwestern part of the Queen Charlotte fault on 28 June 2004, the largest since 1949, also suggests increased stress. The Cape St. James segment of the fault immediately southeast of the 1949 Queen Charlotte rupture has accumulated about 6 MPa at 8 km through loading since 1900 and stress transfer in 1949. A continued rise in earthquake hazard is indicated for the Alaska panhandle and Queen Charlotte Islands region in the decades ahead as the potential for damaging earthquakes increases. C1 US Geol Survey, Cent Reg Geol Hazards Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bufe, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cent Reg Geol Hazards Team, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cbufe@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2001 EP 2008 DI 10.1785/0120040171 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 978IY UT WOS:000232868000032 ER PT J AU Cramer, CH AF Cramer, CH TI Site-specific seismic-hazard analysis that is completely probabilistic (vol 93, pg 1841, 2003) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Cramer, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3876 Cent Ave,Ste 2, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM cramer@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2026 EP 2026 DI 10.1785/0120050093 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 978IY UT WOS:000232868000035 ER PT J AU Dinsmore, SJ Knopf, FL AF Dinsmore, Stephen J. Knopf, Fritz L. TI Differential parental care by adult mountain plovers, Charadrius montanus SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Mountain Plover; Charadrius montanus; chick survival; Montana ID SURVIVAL AB We studied chick survival of the Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) in Montana and found that chicks tended by females had higher survival rates than chicks tended by males, and that chick survival generally increased during the nesting season. Differences in chick survival were most pronounced early in the nesting season, and may be related to a larger sample of nests during this period. When compared to information about the nest survival of male- and female-tended plover nests, our chick data suggest a trade-off for adult plovers between the egg and chick phases of reproduction. Because Mountain Plover pairs have clutches at two nests at two different locations and show differential success between the sexes during the egg and chick phases, we offer that the Mountain Plover breeding system favours optimizing annual recruitment in a dynamic ecologic setting driven by annually unpredictable drought, grazing, and predation pressures. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dinsmore, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 119 IS 4 BP 532 EP 536 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167MH UT WOS:000246455300007 ER PT J AU Roy, AH Faust, CL Freeman, MC Meyer, JL AF Roy, AH Faust, CL Freeman, MC Meyer, JL TI Reach-scale effects of riparian forest cover on urban stream ecosystems SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; LAND-USE; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; WATER-QUALITY; URBANIZATION; USA; COMMUNITIES; PERIPHYTON AB We compared habitat and biota between paired open and forested reaches within five small streams (basin area 10-20 km(2)) in suburban catchments (9%-49% urban land cover) in the Piedmont of Georgia, USA. Stream reaches with open canopies were narrower than forested reaches (4.1 versus 5.0 m, respectively). There were no differences in habitat diversity (variation in velocity, depth, or bed particle size) between open and forested reaches. However, absence of local forest cover corresponded to decreased large wood and increased algal chlorophyll a standing crop biomass. These differences in basal food resources translated into higher densities of fishes in open (9.0 individuals center dot m(-2)) versus forested (4.9 individuals center dot m(-2)) reaches, primarily attributed to higher densities of the herbivore Campostoma oligolepis. Densities of terrestrial invertebrate inputs were higher in open reaches; however, trends suggested higher biomass of terrestrial inputs in forested reaches and a corresponding higher density of terrestrial prey consumed by water column feeding fishes. Reach-scale biotic integrity (macroinvertebrates, salamanders, and fishes) was largely unaffected by differences in canopy cover. In urbanizing areas where catchment land cover drives habitat and biotic quality, management practices that rely exclusively on forested riparian areas for stream protection are unlikely to be effective at maintaining ecosystem integrity. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Cedar Shoals High Sch, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Roy, AH (reprint author), US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Environm Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 498, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM roy.allison@epa.gov OI Faust, Christina L./0000-0002-8824-7424 NR 60 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 40 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 62 IS 10 BP 2312 EP 2329 DI 10.1139/F05-135 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 978EJ UT WOS:000232856100014 ER PT J AU Miller, MR Takekawa, JY Fleskes, JP Orthmeyer, DL Casazza, ML Perry, WM AF Miller, MR Takekawa, JY Fleskes, JP Orthmeyer, DL Casazza, ML Perry, WM TI Spring migration of Northern Pintails from California's Central Valley wintering area tracked with satellite telemetry: routes, timing, and destinations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; SACRAMENTO-VALLEY; WILD MALLARDS; CANADA GEESE; BODY DRAG; BEHAVIOR; ALASKA; FLIGHT; PERFORMANCE AB We used satellite transmitters to track the 2000-2003 spring migrations of adult female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta L., 1758) from California's Central Valley, USA. PTT-tagged Pintails departed during late February to mid-March, and 77%-87% stopped first in the region of south-central Oregon, extreme northwestern Nevada, and northeastern California (SONEC). Subsequently, most Pintails used migration strategies characterized by the length of stay in SONEC and subsequent destinations: (i) extended stay in SONEC, migrated late April to early May directly to Alaska over the Pacific Ocean (7%-23% annually); (ii) same timing as in i, but flew to Alaska along the Pacific Coast using stopovers (0%-28% annually); (iii) moderate period in SONEC, migrated late March to mid-April directly primarily to southern Alberta in Prairie Canada (17%-39% annually), with many moving to northern Canada or Alaska; or (iv) short period in SONEC, migrated early to late March to Prairie Canada via stopovers primarily in southern Idaho and western Montana (32%-50% annually), with some moving to northern Canada or Alaska. Pintails that bypassed SONEC used these same strategies or moved easterly. Pintails modified migration strategies relative to record cold temperatures and wetland abundance in the mid-continent prairie region. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Miller, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn,6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM michael_r_miller@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X NR 88 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 6 U2 28 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1314 EP 1332 DI 10.1139/Z05-125 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 991OW UT WOS:000233824300007 ER PT J AU Mukhi, S Pan, XP Cobb, GP Patino, R AF Mukhi, S Pan, XP Cobb, GP Patino, R TI Toxicity of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine to larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE acute toxicity; EC50; LC50; RDX; zebrafish ID RDX; DEFORMITIES; SALMON; FISH AB Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, a cyclonitramine commonly known as RDX, is used in the production of military munitions. Contamination of soil, sediment, and ground and surface waters with RDX has been reported in different places around the world. Acute and subacute toxicities of RDX have been relatively well documented in terrestrial vertebrates, but among aquatic vertebrates the information available is limited. The objective of this study was to characterize the acute toxicity of RDX to larval zebrafish. Mortality (LC50) and incidence of vertebral column deformities (EC50) were two of the end points measured in this study. The 96-h LC50 was estimated at 22.98 and 25.64 mg l(-1) in two different tests. The estimated no-observed-effective-concentration (NOEC) values of RDX on lethality were 13.27 +/- 0.05 and 15.32 +/- 0.30 mg l(-1); and the lowest-observed-effective-concentration (LOEC) values were 16.52 +/- 0.05 and 19.09 +/- 0.23 mg l(-1) in these two tests, respectively. The 96-h EC50 for vertebral deformities on survivors from one of the acute lethality tests was estimated at 20.84 mg l(-1) with NOEC and LOEC of 9.75 +/- 0.34 and 12.84 +/- 0.34 mg l(-1), respectively. Behavioral aberrations were also noted in this acute toxicity study, including the occurrence of whirling movement and lethargic behavior. The acute effects of RDX on survival, incidence of deformities, and behavior of larval zebrafish occurred at the high end of the most frequently reported concentrations of RDX in aquatic environments. The chronic effects of RDX in aquatic vertebrates need to be determined for an adequate assessment of the ecological risk of environmental RDX. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Mukhi, S (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Box 41163, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM sandeep.mukhi@tiehh.ttu.edu; reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu NR 34 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.067 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 973BU UT WOS:000232498700004 PM 16168740 ER PT J AU Dietz, RW Czech, B AF Dietz, RW Czech, B TI Conservation deficits for the continental United States: an ecosystem gap analysis SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coarse-filter conservation; ecological systems; ecosystem deficits; GIS ID BIODIVERSITY; VEGETATION; ECOREGION; HABITAT; SYSTEM; AREAS AB Few attempts have been made to analyze the status of conservation efforts at a continental scale, mainly because of the lack of high-quality data sets at this scale. Given that land management agencies want to prioritize conservation efforts and spend limited resources wisely, we recognized the need to undertake a national gap analysis. We developed the most detailed national vegetation cover map feasible to analyze the degree of representation of ecosystem analysis units (an initial representation of ecosystem types) in the network of conservation lands for the continental United States. We combined The Nature Conservancy's ecoregions with the natural land-cover types of the National Land Cover Data Set and examined the conservation status Of each combination. The majority of ecosystem analysis units have a small percentage of their total area residing in lands that are managed to support biodiversity. The median percentage of area conserved on status I and 2 lands (highest of four levels of protection) as designated by the Gap Analysis Program for the 554 ecosystem analysis units is 4.0% (SD 18.1%). This finding, which highlights our national conservation deficits, points to the need to address the size and diversity of the conservation estate. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Dietz, RW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Room 4021,500 Gold Ave SW, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. EM rob_dietz@fws.gov NR 40 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1478 EP 1487 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00114.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968BW UT WOS:000232137900017 ER PT J AU Bradley, EH Pletscher, DH Bangs, EE Kunkel, KE Smith, DW Mack, CM Meier, TJ Fontaine, JA Niemeyer, CC Jimenez, MD AF Bradley, EH Pletscher, DH Bangs, EE Kunkel, KE Smith, DW Mack, CM Meier, TJ Fontaine, JA Niemeyer, CC Jimenez, MD TI Evaluating wolf translocation as a nonlethal method to reduce livestock conflicts in the northwestern United States SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; depredation; livestock; relocation; translocation ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; CENTRAL IDAHO; GRAY WOLF; MANAGEMENT; WOLVES; DEPREDATION; MOVEMENTS; CONSERVATION; CARNIVORES; PREDATION AB Successful nonlethal management of livestock predation is important for conserving rare or endangered carnivores. In the northwestern United States, wolves (Canis lupus) have been translocated away from livestock to mitigate conflicts while promoting wolf restoration. We assessed predation on livestock, pack establishment, survival, and homing behavior of 88 translocated wolves with radiotelemetry to determine the effectiveness of translocation in our region and consider how it may be improved. More than one-quarter of translocated wolves preyed on livestock after release. Most translocated wolves (67%) never established or joined a pack, although eight new packs resulted from translocations. Translocated wolves had lower annual survival (0.60) than other radio-collared wolves (0.73), with government removal the primary source of mortality. In northwestern Montana, where most wolves have settled in human-populated areas with livestock, survival of translocated wolves was lowest (0.41) and more wolves Proportionally failed to establish packs (83%) after release. Annual survival of translocated wolves was highest in central Idaho (0.71) and more wolves proportionally established packs (44%) there than in the other two recovery areas. Translocated wolves showed a strong homing tendency; most of those that failed to home still showed directional movement toward capture sites. Wolves that successfully returned to capture sites were more likely to be adults, hard (immediately) rather than soft (temporarily held in enclosure) released, and translocated shorter distances than other wolves that did not return home. Success of translocations varied and was most affected by the area in which wolves were released. We suggest managers translocating wolves or other large carnivores consider soft releasing individuals (in family groups, if social) when feasible because this may decrease homing behavior and increase release-site fidelity. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. Univ Montana, Turner Endangered Species Fund, Gallatin Gateway, MT 59730 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. Nez Perce Tribe, Mccall, ID 83638 USA. Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Boise, ID 83709 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lander, WY 82520 USA. RP Bradley, EH (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, 730 N Montana St, Dillon, MT 59725 USA. EM liz_bradley@7pks.com NR 59 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 14 U2 81 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1498 EP 1508 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00102.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968BW UT WOS:000232137900019 ER PT J AU Lee, TG Hein, JR Lee, K Moon, JW Ko, YT AF Lee, TG Hein, JR Lee, K Moon, JW Ko, YT TI Sub-seafloor acoustic characterization of seamounts near the Ogasawara Fracture Zone in the western Pacific using chirp (3-7 kHz) subbottom profiles SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE western Pacific; seamounts; subbottom profiling; fracture zones; seafloor mapping; mass wasting ID MAGNETIC ANOMALY LINEATIONS; VOLCANIC OCEAN ISLANDS; CANARY-ISLANDS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; ECHO CHARACTER; DEBRIS FLOW; EAST SEA; DEEP-SEA; SEDIMENTATION; FLANKS AB A detailed analysis of chirp (3-7 kHz) subbottom profiles and bathymetry was performed on data collected from seamounts near the Ogasawara Fracture Zone (OFZ) in the western Pacific. The OFZ, which is a 150 km wide rift zone showing 600 km of right-lateral movement in a NW-SE direction, is unique among the fracture zones of the Pacific in that it includes many old seamounts (e.g., Magellan Seamounts and seamounts on Dutton Ridge). Sub-seafloor acoustic echoes on the seamounts are classified into nine specific types based on the nature and continuity of the echoes, subbottom structure, and morphology of the seafloor: (1) distinct echoes (types I-1, I-2, I-3), (2) indistinct echoes (types II-1, II-2, II-3), and (3) hyperbolic echoes (types III-1,III-2,III-3). Type I-2 pelagic sediments, characterized by thin and intermittent coverage, were probably deposited in topographically sheltered areas when bottom currents were strong, whereas type I-1 pelagic sediments accumulated during continuous and widespread sedimentation. Development of seamount flank rift zones in the OFZ may have been influenced by preexisting structures in the transform fracture zone at the time of volcanism, whereas those on Ita Mai Tai seamount in the Pigafetta Basin originated solely by edifice-building processes. Flank rift zones that formed by dike intrusions and eruptions played an important role in mass wasting. Mass-wasting processes included block faulting or block slides around the summit margin, sliding/slumping, debris flows, and turbidites, which may have been triggered by faulting, volcanism, dike injection, and weathering during various stages in the evolution of the seamounts. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Marine Geoenvironm & Resources Res Div, Ansan 425600, South Korea. Korea Natl Oil Corp, Overseas E&P, Anyang, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. RP Lee, TG (reprint author), Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Marine Geoenvironm & Resources Res Div, POB 29, Ansan 425600, South Korea. EM tglee@knoc.co.kr NR 42 TC 6 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1932 EP 1956 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2005.04.009 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 969CY UT WOS:000232212200009 ER PT J AU Lloyd, P Martin, TE Redmond, RL Langner, U Hart, MM AF Lloyd, P Martin, TE Redmond, RL Langner, U Hart, MM TI Linking demographic effects of habitat fragmentation across landscapes to continental source-sink dynamics SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE brood parasitism; edge effects; forest fragmentation; Hylocichla mustelina; landscape; nest predation; population dynamics; Seiurus aurocapilla; source-sink dynamics ID OVENBIRD SEIURUS-AUROCAPILLUS; PAIRING SUCCESS; WOOD-THRUSH; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FOREST FRAGMENTS; BREEDING BIRDS; NEST SUCCESS; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; VIABILITY AB Forest fragmentation may cause increased brood parasitism and nest predation of breeding birds. In North America, nest parasitism and predation are expected to increase closer to forest edges because the brood-parasitic Brown-headed Cowbird(Molothrus ater) and generalist nest predators often enter the forest from adjoining developed (largely agricultural) habitats. Yet the abundance of brood parasites and nest predators at the patch scale may be strongly constrained by the total area of developed habitat at landscape scales. The scale and extent of landscape effects are unclear, however, because past studies were mostly conducted within local landscapes rather than across independent landscapes. We report replicated studies from 30 independent landscapes across 17 states of the United States that show that nest parasitism is strongly affected by fragmentation at a 20 km radius scale, equivalent to the maximum foraging range of cowbirds. Nest predation is influenced by both edge and landscape effects, and increases with fragmentation at a 10 km radius scale. Predation is additive to parasitism mortality, and the two together yield decreased population growth potential with increasing forest fragmentation at a 10 km radius scale for 20 of 22 bird species. Mapping of population growth potential across continental landscapes displays broad impacts of fragmentation on population viability and allows geographic prioritization for conservation. C1 Univ Montana, USGS Biol Resources Discipline, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Lloyd, P (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, DST NRF Ctr Excellence Birds Keys Biodivers Conse, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. EM plloyd@botzoo.uct.ac.za RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 50 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 36 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1504 EP 1514 DI 10.1890/04-1243 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 970PR UT WOS:000232322600003 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Fotheringham, CJ Baer-Keeley, M AF Keeley, JE Fotheringham, CJ Baer-Keeley, M TI Determinants of postfire recovery and succession in Mediterranean-climate shrublands of California SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE annuals; chaparral; environmental filters; fire interval; fire severity; nitrogen; obligate seeders; precipitation; residual species; resprouters; sage scrub ID COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; FIRE INTENSITY; LIFE-HISTORY; VEGETATION; SOIL; ESTABLISHMENT; FLAMMABILITY; COMMUNITIES; MECHANISMS AB Evergreen chaparral and semideciduous sage scrub shrublands were studied for five years after fires in order to evaluate hypothesized determinants of postfire recovery and succession. Residual species present in the immediate postfire environment dominated early succession. By the fifth year postfire, roughly half of the species were colonizers not present in the first year, but they comprised only 7-14% cover. Successional changes were evaluated in the context of four,hypotheses: (1) event-dependent, (2) fire interval, (3) self-regulatory, and (4) environmental filter hypotheses. Characteristics specific to the fire event, for example, fire severity and annual fluctuations in precipitation, were important determinants of patterns of change in cover and density, supporting the "event-dependent" hypothesis. The "fire interval" hypothesis is also supported, primarily through the impact of short intervals on reproductive failure in obligate seeding shrubs and the impact of long intervals on fuel accumulation and resultant fire severity. Successional changes in woody cover were correlated with decreases in herb cover, indicating support for "self-regulatory" effects. Across this landscape there were strong "environmental filter" effects that resulted in complex patterns of postfire recovery and succession between coastal and interior associations of both vegetation types. Of relevance to fire managers is the finding that postfire recovery patterns are substantially slower in the interior sage scrub formations, and thus require different management strategies than coastal formations. Also, in sage scrub (but not chaparral), prefire stand age is positively correlated with fire severity, and negatively correlated with postfire cover. Differential responses to fire severity Suggest that landscapes with combinations of high and low severity may lead to enhanced biodiversity. Predicting postfire management needs is complicated by the fact that vegetation recovery is significantly controlled by patterns of precipitation. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM Jon_Keeley@usgs.gov NR 66 TC 92 Z9 100 U1 5 U2 58 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1515 EP 1534 DI 10.1890/04-1005 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 970PR UT WOS:000232322600004 ER PT J AU Henny, CJ Kaiser, JL Packard, HA Grove, RA Taft, MR AF Henny, CJ Kaiser, JL Packard, HA Grove, RA Taft, MR TI Assessing mercury exposure and effects to American dippers in headwater streams near mining sites SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mercury; American dipper; mining; feathers; eggs; production rates; macroinvertebrates; biomagnification ID EGGS; CONTAMINATION; METHYLMERCURY; POLLUTANTS; CINCLUS; OREGON; BIRDS; RIVER AB To evaluate mercury (Hg) exposure and possible adverse effects of Hg on American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) reproduction, we collected eggs and nestling feathers and the larval/nymph form of three Orders of aquatic macroinvertebrates (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera = EPT) important in their diet from three major headwater tributaries of the upper Willamette River, Oregon in 2002. The Coast Fork Willamette River is contaminated with Hg due to historical cinnabar (HgS) mining at the Black Butte Mine; the Row River is affected by past gold-mining operations located within the Bohemia Mining District, where Hg was used in the amalgamation process to recover gold; and the Middle Fork Willamette River is the reference area with no known mining. Methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations (geometric mean) in composite EPT larvae (111.9 ng/g dry weight [dw] or 19.8 ng/g wet weight [ww]), dipper eggs (38.5 ng/g ww) and nestling feathers (1158 ng/g ww) collected from the Coast Fork Willamette were significantly higher than MeHg concentrations in EPT and dipper samples from other streams. Total mercury (THg) concentrations in surface sediments along the same Hg-impacted streams were investigated by others in 1999 (Row River tributaries) and 2002 (Coast Fork). The reported sediment THg concentrations paralleled our biological findings. Dipper breeding territories at higher elevations had fewer second clutches; however, dipper reproductive success along all streams (including the lower elevation and most Hg-contaminated Coast Fork), was judged excellent compared to other studies reviewed. Furthermore, MeHg concentrations in EPT samples from this study were well below dietary concentrations in other aquatic bird species, such as loons and ducks, reported to cause Hg-related reproductive problems. Our data suggest that either dipper feathers or EPT composites used to project MeHg concentrations in dipper feathers (with biomagnification factor of 10-20x) may be used, but with caution, to screen headwater streams for potential Hg-related effects on dippers. When actual feather concentrations or projected feather concentrations are equal to or lower than concentrations reported for the Coast Fork, dippers are expected to reproduce well (assuming adequate prey and suitable nest sites). When Hg concentrations are substantially higher, more detailed investigations may be required. Birds feeding almost exclusively on fish (e.g., osprey [Pandion haliaetus]) and usually found further downstream from the headwaters would not be adequately represented by dippers given the higher MeHg concentrations in fish resulting from biomagnification, compared to lower trophic level invertebrates. C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Henny, CJ (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM charles_j_henny@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 14 IS 7 BP 709 EP 725 DI 10.1007/s10646-005-0023-7 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 971RI UT WOS:000232401300004 PM 16160750 ER PT J AU Zheng, BS Wang, BB Ding, ZH Zhou, DX Zhou, YS Zhou, C Chen, CC Finkelman, RB AF Zheng, BS Wang, BB Ding, ZH Zhou, DX Zhou, YS Zhou, C Chen, CC Finkelman, RB TI Endemic arsenosis caused by indoor combustion of high-As coal in Guizhou Province, PR China SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE arsenosis; high-As coal; indoor combustion of coal AB The arsenic (As) content of coal relating with mineralization of gold in Southwest Guizhou Province, China is up to 35,000 ppm. The coal is burned indoors in open pits for daily cooking and crop drying. As a result, arsenic is precipitated and concentrated in corn (5-20 ppm), chili (100-800 ppm) and other foods. Arsenic concentrations in the drinking water of high-As coal areas are lower than 50 ppb. The estimated main sources of As exposure in this area are from polluted food. Approximately, 3000 arsenosis patients were found by 1998, and more than 100,000 people from six counties were under the threat in China. This paper presents the major ingestion pathway of this type arsenosis and relative geochemistry of high-As coal. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, Peoples R China. Sanitat & Anti Epidem Stn Qianxinan Autonomous Pr, Xingyi 562400, Guizhou, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Zheng, BS (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, Peoples R China. EM zhengbs@public.gz.cn NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD OCT PY 2005 VL 27 IS 5-6 BP 521 EP 528 DI 10.1007/s10653-005-8624-x PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 976GO UT WOS:000232721200015 ER PT J AU Heltsley, RM Cope, WG Shea, D Bringolf, RB Kwak, TJ Malindzak, EG AF Heltsley, RM Cope, WG Shea, D Bringolf, RB Kwak, TJ Malindzak, EG TI Assessing organic contaminants in fish: Comparison of a nonlethal tissue sampling technique to mobile and stationary passive sampling devices SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ADIPOSE FIN; GLOBAL ASSESSMENT; UPTAKE KINETICS; SALMO-TRUTTA; BROWN TROUT; MONO-ORTHO; FOOD-WEB AB As concerns mount over the human health risks associated with consumption of fish contaminated with persistent organic pollutants, there exists a need to better evaluate fish body burdens without lethally sampling many of the important commercial and sport species of interest. The aim of this study was to investigate two novel methods for estimating organic Contaminants in fish that are a concern for both fish and human health. The removal of fish adipose fins, commonly done in mark-recapture studies with salmonid species,was evaluated as a nonlethal sampling technique to estimate concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), relative to those found in muscle fillets of the same fish. We also assessed the efficacy of using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) as a mobile passive sampling device (PSD) attached directly to wild flathead catfish for assessing location-specific exposure of the fish to waterborne contaminants. The results of this study have demonstrated for the first time that organic contaminant concentrations in adipose fin were highly correlated (R-2 = 0.87) with muscle fillet concentrations, indicating that the adipose fin of certain fishes may be used to accurately estimate tissue concentrations without the need for lethal sampling. Moreover, mobile PSDs attached directly to fish and used here for the first time accurately estimated ultratrace concentrations of waterborne PCBs and UPS without any apparent harm to the fish, indicating that there are no practical or physical barriers to the use of mobile passive samplers attached to aquatic organisms. Among the many practical implications of this research, two potential priority items include the analysis of organic contaminants in farm-raised and sport fish intended for human consumption, without the economic and population C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cope, WG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM greg_cope@ncsu.edu NR 46 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 19 BP 7601 EP 7608 DI 10.1021/es051037s PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 971UJ UT WOS:000232410000043 PM 16245833 ER PT J AU Jooste, AM Du Preez, LH Carr, JA Giesy, JP Gross, TS Kendall, RJ Smith, EE Van Der Kraak, GJ Solomon, KR AF Jooste, AM Du Preez, LH Carr, JA Giesy, JP Gross, TS Kendall, RJ Smith, EE Van Der Kraak, GJ Solomon, KR TI Gonadal development of larval male Xenopus laevis exposed to atrazine in outdoor microcosms - Response SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID SEX STEROID CONCENTRATIONS; AROMATASE-ACTIVITY; SOUTH-AFRICA; FROGS; DIFFERENTIATION C1 NW Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Dev, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. USGS BRD, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Toxicol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Jooste, AM (reprint author), NW Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Dev, Potchefstroom Campus Private Bag X6001, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 19 BP 7759 EP 7760 DI 10.1021/es0515349 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 971UJ UT WOS:000232410000066 ER PT J AU Nilsen, EB Delaney, ML AF Nilsen, EB Delaney, ML TI Factors influencing the biogeochemistry of sedimentary carbon and phosphorus in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY ESTUARY; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; STABLE-CARBON; AMAZON RIVER; FOOD WEBS; WATER; FLOW; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS AB This study characterizes organic carbon (C-organic) and phosphorus (P) geochemistry in surface sediments of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California. Sediment cores were collected from five sites on a sample transect from the edge of the San Francisco Bay eastward to the freshwater Consumnes River. The top 8 cm of each core were analyzed (in 1-cm intervals) for C-organic, four P fractions, and redox-sensitive trace metals (uranium and manganese). Sedimentary C-organic concentrations and C-organic : P ratios decreased, while reactive P concentrations increased moving inland in the Delta. The fraction of total P represented by organic P increased inland, while that of authigenic P was higher bayward than inland reflecting increased diagenetic alteration of organic matter toward the bayward end of the transect. The redox indicator metals are consistent with decreasing sedimentary suboxia inland. The distribution of P fractions and C : P ratios reflect the presence of relatively labile organic matter in upstream surface sediments. Sediment C and P geochemistry is influenced by site-specific particulate organic matter sources, the sorptive power of the sedimentary material present, physical forcing, and early diagenetic transformations presumably driven by C-organic oxidation. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Nilsen, EB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Div, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM enilsen@usgs.gov RI Nilsen, Elena/I-3579-2016 OI Nilsen, Elena/0000-0002-0104-6321 NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD OCT PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 BP 653 EP 663 DI 10.1007/BF02732904 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 985ZT UT WOS:000233418600002 ER PT J AU Brooks, RA Sulak, KJ AF Brooks, RA Sulak, KJ TI Quantitative assessment of benthic food resources for juvenile Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi in the Suwannee River estuary, Florida, USA SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AB Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, forage extensively in the Suwannee River estuary following emigration out of the Suwannee River, Florida. While in, the estuary, juvenile Gulf sturgeon primarily feed on benthic infauna. In June-July 2002 and February-April 2003, random sites within the estuary were sampled for benthic macrofauna (2002 n = 156; 2003 n = 103). A mean abundance of 2,562 ind m(-2) (SE +/- 204) was found in the summer, with significantly reduced macrofaunal abundance in the winter (mean density of 1,044 ind m(-2), SE +/- 117). Benthic biomass was significantly higher in the summer with an average summer sample dry weight of 5.92 g m(-2) (SE +/- 0.82) compared to 3.91 g m(-2) (SE +/- 0.67) in the winter. Amphipods and polychaetes were the dominant taxa collected during both sampling periods. Three different estimates of food availability were examined taking into account principal food item information and biomass estimates. All three estimates provided a slightly different view of potential resources but were consistent in indicating that food resource values for juvenile Gulf sturgeon are spatially heterogeneous within the Suwannee River estuary. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Coastal Ecol & Conservat Res Grp, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Brooks, RA (reprint author), ENSR Int, 9700 16th St N, St Petersburg, FL 33716 USA. EM rbrooks@ensr.com NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD OCT PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 BP 767 EP 775 DI 10.1007/BF02732914 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 985ZT UT WOS:000233418600012 ER PT J AU Rosenbauer, RJ Koksalan, T Palandri, JL AF Rosenbauer, RJ Koksalan, T Palandri, JL TI Experimental investigation of CO2-brine-rock interactions at elevated temperature and pressure: Implications for CO2 sequestration in deep-saline aquifers SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration held at 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE carbon dioxide; sequestration; saline aquifer; experimental; limestone; sandstone ID WELL INJECTION; PARADOX VALLEY; BRINE; MINERALS; COLORADO; CLIMATE; GASES AB Deep-saline aquifers are potential repositories for excess CO2, currently being emitted to the atmosphere from anthropogenic activities, but the reactivity of supercritical CO2 with host aquifer fluids and formation minerals needs to be understood. Experiments reacting supercritical CO2 With natural and synthetic brines in the presence and absence of limestone and plagioclase-rich arkosic sandstone showed that the reaction Of CO2-saturated brine with limestone results in compositional, mineralogical, and porosity changes in the aquifer fluid and rock that are dependent on initial brine composition, especially dissolved calcium and sulfate. Experiments reacting CO2-saturated, low-sulfate brine with limestone dissolved 10% of the original calcite and increased rock porosity by 2.6%. Experiments reacting high-sulfate brine with limestone, both in the presence and absence of supercritical CO2, were characterized by the precipitation of anhydrite, dolornitization of the limestone, and a final decrease in porosity of 4.5%. However, based on favorable initial porosity changes of about 15% due to the dissolution of calcite, the combination Of CO2 CO-injection with other mitigation strategies might help alleviate some of the well-bore scale and formation-plugging problems near the injection zone of a brine disposal well in Paradox Valley, Colorado, as well as provide a repository for CO2, Experiments showed that the solubility Of CO2 is enhanced in brine in the presence of limestone by 9% at 25 degrees C and 6% at 120 degrees C and 200 bar relative to the brine itself The solubility Of CO2 is enhanced also in brine in the presence of arkosic sandstone by 5% at 120 T and 300 bar. The storage Of CO2 in limestone aquifers is limited to only ionic and hydraulic trapping. However, brine reacted with supercritical CO2 and arkose yielded fixation and sequestration Of CO2 in carbonate mineral phases. Brine desiccation was observed in all experiments containing a discrete CO2 phase, promoting porosity-reducing precipitation reactions in aquifers near saturation with mineral phases. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rosenbauer, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM brosenbauer@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 86 IS 14-15 BP 1581 EP 1597 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2005.01.011 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 956MM UT WOS:000231304000013 ER PT J AU Crumpler, LS Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Bell, JF Blaney, D Cabrol, NA Christensen, PR DesMarais, DJ Farmer, JD Fergason, R Golombek, MP Grant, FD Grant, JA Greeley, R Hahn, B Herkenhoff, KE Hurowitz, JA Knudson, AT Landis, GA Li, R Maki, J McSween, HY Ming, DW Moersch, JE Payne, MC Rice, JW Richter, L Ruff, SW Sims, M Thompson, SD Tosca, N Wang, A Whelley, P Wright, SP Wyatt, MB AF Crumpler, LS Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Bell, JF Blaney, D Cabrol, NA Christensen, PR DesMarais, DJ Farmer, JD Fergason, R Golombek, MP Grant, FD Grant, JA Greeley, R Hahn, B Herkenhoff, KE Hurowitz, JA Knudson, AT Landis, GA Li, R Maki, J McSween, HY Ming, DW Moersch, JE Payne, MC Rice, JW Richter, L Ruff, SW Sims, M Thompson, SD Tosca, N Wang, A Whelley, P Wright, SP Wyatt, MB TI Mars Exploration Rover Geologic traverse by the Spirit rover in the Plains of Gusev Crater, Mars SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mars; planetary geology; rover; geotraverse; field geology ID SPECTROMETER; ROCKS AB The Spirit rover completed a 2.5 km traverse across gently sloping plains on the floor of Gusev crater from its location on the outer rim of Bonneville crater to the lower slopes of the Columbia Hills, Mars. Using the Athena suite of instruments in a transect approach, a systematic series of overlapping panoramic mosaics, remote sensing observations, surface analyses, and trenching operations documented the lateral variations in landforms, geologic materials, and chemistry of the surface throughout the traverse, demonstrating the ability to apply the techniques of field geology by remote rover operations. Textures and shapes of rocks within the plains are consistent with derivation from impact excavation and mixing of the upper few meters of basaltic lavas. The contact between surrounding plains and crater ejecta is generally abrupt and marked by increases in clast abundance and decimeter-scale steps in relief. Basaltic materials of the plains overlie less indurated and more altered rock types at a time-stratigraphic contact between the plains and Columbia Hills that occurs over a distance of one to two meters. This implies that regional geologic contacts are well preserved and that Earth-like field geologic mapping will be possible on Mars despite eons of overturn by small impacts. C1 New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, SETI, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Inst Space Simulat, DLR, Cologne, Germany. RP Crumpler, LS (reprint author), New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. RI Hurowitz, Joel/A-8862-2008; Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010; Whelley, Patrick/B-9560-2012 OI Whelley, Patrick/0000-0003-3266-9772 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 33 IS 10 BP 809 EP 812 DI 10.1130/G21673.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 969RM UT WOS:000232252400013 ER PT J AU Ziegler, K Chadwick, OA White, AF Brzezinski, MA AF Ziegler, K Chadwick, OA White, AF Brzezinski, MA TI (DSi)-Si-30 systematics in a granitic saprolite, Puerto Rico SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tropical soil; river chemistry; clay minerals; Si isotopes ID LUQUILLO EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SILICON; MOUNTAINS; BIOTITE; FLUXES; RATES AB Granite weathering and clay mineral formation impart distinct and interpretable stable Si isotope (delta(30)Si) signatures to their solid and aqueous products. Within a saprolite, clay minerals have delta(30)Si values similar to 2.0 parts per thousand more negative than their parent mineral and the delta(30)Si signature of the bulk solid is determined by the ratio of primary to secondary minerals. Mineral-specific weathering reactions predominate at different depths, driving changes in differing delta(30)Si pore water values. At the bedrock-saprolite interface, dissolution of plagioclase and hornblende creates delta(30)Si pore water signatures more positive than granite by up to 1.2 parts per thousand; these reactions are the main contributor of Si to stream water and determine its delta(30)Si value. Throughout the saprolite, biotite weathering releases Si to pore waters but kaolinite overgrowth formation modulates its contribution to pore-water Si. The influence of biotite on delta(30)Si pore water is greatest near the bedrock where biotite-derived Si mixes with bulk pore water prior to kaolinite formation. Higher in the saprolite, biotite grains have become more isolated by kaolinite overgrowth, which consumes biotite-derived Si that would otherwise influence delta(30)Si(pore water). Because of this isolation, which shifts the dominant source of pore-water Si from biotite to quartz, delta(30)Si pore water values are more negative than granite by up to 1.3 parts per thousand near the top of the saprolite. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Ziegler, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 19 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 30 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 33 IS 10 BP 817 EP 820 DI 10.1130/G21707.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 969RM UT WOS:000232252400015 ER PT J AU Scanlon, BR Reedy, RC Stonestrom, DA Prudic, DE Dennehy, KF AF Scanlon, BR Reedy, RC Stonestrom, DA Prudic, DE Dennehy, KF TI Impact of land use and land cover change on groundwater recharge and quality in the southwestern US SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; dryland; ecohydrology; global change; groundwater contamination; groundwater recharge; irrigation; land cover; land use; nitrate; nitrogen; water resources ID UNITED-STATES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; DESERT SOILS; CLIMATE; SALINIZATION; TEMPERATURE; BENEATH; PLAINS; REGION; BASIN AB Humans have exerted large-scale changes on the terrestrial biosphere, primarily through agriculture; however, the impacts of such changes on the hydrologic cycle are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the conversion of natural rangeland ecosystems to agricultural ecosystems impacts the subsurface portion of the hydrologic cycle by changing groundwater recharge and flushing salts to underlying aquifers. The hypothesis was examined through point and areal studies investigating the effects of land use/land cover (LU/LC) changes on groundwater recharge and solute transport in the Amargosa Desert (AD) in Nevada and in the High Plains (HP) in Texas, US. Studies use the fact that matric (pore-water-pressure) potential and environmental-tracer profiles in thick unsaturated zones archive past changes in recharging fluxes. Results show that recharge is related to LU/LC as follows: discharge through evapotranspiration (i.e., no recharge; upward fluxes < 0.1 mm yr(-1)) in natural rangeland ecosystems (low matric potentials; high chloride and nitrate concentrations); moderate-to-high recharge in irrigated agricultural ecosystems (high matric potentials; low-to-moderate chloride and nitrate concentrations) (AD recharge: similar to 130-640 mm yr(-1)); and moderate recharge in nonirrigated (dryland) agricultural ecosystems (high matric potentials; low chloride and nitrate concentrations, and increasing groundwater levels) (HP recharge: similar to 9-32 mm yr(-1)). Replacement of rangeland with agriculture changed flow directions from upward (discharge) to downward (recharge). Recent replacement of rangeland with irrigated ecosystems was documented through downward displacement of chloride and nitrate fronts. Thick unsaturated zones contain a reservoir of salts that are readily mobilized under increased recharge related to LU/LC changes, potentially degrading groundwater quality. Sustainable land use requires quantitative knowledge of the linkages between ecosystem change, recharge, and groundwater quality. C1 Univ Texas, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78758 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Scanlon, BR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, 10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM bridget.scanlon@beg.utexas.edu RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011; Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385; Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199 NR 61 TC 182 Z9 191 U1 13 U2 131 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1577 EP 1593 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01026.x PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 971ND UT WOS:000232390200003 ER PT J AU Schloesser, DW AF Schloesser, DW TI Distribution and seasonal abundance of trematode parasites (Trematoda : Allocreadiidae : Crepidostomum spp.) in burrowing-mayfly nymphs (Ephemeroptera : Ephemeridae : Hexagenia spp.) from connecting rivers of the Laurentian Great Lakes SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE mayfly; trematode parasite; Crepidostomum spp.; Hexagenia spp. Great Lakes; rivers ID ST-MARYS RIVER; POPULATION BIOLOGY; LIMBATA EPHEMEROPTERA; AQUATIC INSECTS; ERIE; MICHIGAN; COOPERI; INFECTION; SEDIMENTS; HELMINTHS AB Burrowing-mayfly nymphs such as Hexagenia spp. have been used extensively in North America and Europe as a biomonitoring tool to indicate mesotrophic water quality, yet infestation by associated parasites has not been well documented. We performed laboratory analysis of archived samples of Hexagenia spp. nymphs collected in 1985 and 1986 to provide base-line data on the distribution (1985) and seasonal infestation (1986) of the trematode parasite Crepidostomum spp. in Hexagenia spp. nymphs in connecting rivers between Lakes Superior and Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes. In May and June 1985, frequency of occurrence of metacercariae was widely distributed throughout the connecting rivers (63% of 203 stations with nymphs), except in areas where nymph densities were relatively low (i.e., <= 69 nymphs/m(2)). Distribution was probably underestimated in the present study because of low probability (mean = 31%, range 0-57%) of detecting infestation in a small number of collected nymphs (<= 10) at nymph densities <= 69/m(2). In 1986, seasonal infestation between April and October occurred in 3.3% (627) of 18696 nymphs. Overall prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance of parasites at one station in the St. Marys River indicate parasite transmission occurred between June and September. This period of transmission is dependent on the life-cycle of the parasite. In addition, the life-cycle of Hexagenia spp. determines which annual cohort of nymphs is infested and therefore, the duration of infestation. Although, no impacts of infestation on Hexagenia spp. nymphs were observed in the present study, infestation intensities were high enough (>= 25 metacercariae per nymph) at one station in the St. Marys River to potentially cause tissue damage in a high proportion (53%) of infested nymphs. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Schloesser, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dschloesser@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 548 BP 177 EP 189 DI 10.1007/s10750-005-4755-4 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 976VF UT WOS:000232760900016 ER PT J AU Dalton, JB Prieto-Ballesteros, O Kargel, JS Jamieson, CS Jolivet, J Quinn, R AF Dalton, JB Prieto-Ballesteros, O Kargel, JS Jamieson, CS Jolivet, J Quinn, R TI Spectral comparison of heavily hydrated salts with disrupted terrains on Europa SO ICARUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Europas Icy Shell CY FEB 06-08, 2004 CL Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX HO Lunar & Planetary Inst DE Europa; experimental techniques; surfaces; satellite; spectroscopy ID ORIENTATIONALLY DISORDERED CRYSTALS; INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; ICY GALILEAN SATELLITES; 0.65-2.5 MU-M; WATER ICE; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; SUBSURFACE OCEAN; ABSORPTION-BAND; OPTICAL SPECTRA AB Hydrated magnesium sulfate salts have been proposed as major components of the disrupted, reddish terrains on the surface of Europa. This is based on near-infrared reflectance spectra which contain distorted and asymmetric water absorption features typical of moderately hydrated materials such as hexahydrite (MgSO4 center dot 6H(2)O) and epsomite (MgSO4 center dot 7H(2)O). Hydrated magnesium sulfates having many waters of hydration could produce improved spectral matches. Here we present cryogenic laboratory spectra of highly hydrated sulfur-bearing salts, including hexahydrite, epsomite, bloedite (Na2Mg(SO4)(2)center dot 4H(2)O), mirabilite (Na2SO4 center dot 10H(2)O), sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na2S center dot 9H(2)O), supersaturated MgSO4, NaHCO3, and Na2SO4 brines, and magnesium sulfate dodecahydrate (MgSO4 center dot 12H(2)O). All have been measured under conditions of pressure and temperature appropriate to the surface environment of Europa. Novel methods for preparation, verification and analysis of MgSO4 center dot 12H(2)O, which is not stable at standard temperature and pressure (STP), are described. At 100 K, all of these materials exhibit distorted and asymmetric absorption features similar to those in the Europa observations, as well as several weaker, narrow absorptions having widths ranging from 15 to 80 nm. While the agreement with Galileo NIMS observations of dark terrains on Europa is indeed better for highly hydrated salts than for salts of lower hydration states, we conclude that none of these materials alone can account for all of the observed spectral character. As previously suggested, Europa's reddish material appears to be a complex mixture of sulfate hydrates and other materials. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. CSIC, Ctr Astrobiol, INTA, Madrid, Spain. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Branch, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Texas So Univ, Houston, TX 77004 USA. SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Dalton, JB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM dalton@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 129 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD OCT PY 2005 VL 177 IS 2 BP 472 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.02.023 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 974FQ UT WOS:000232577100014 ER PT J AU Prieto-Ballesteros, O Kargel, JS Fernandez-Sampedro, M Selsis, F Martinez, ES Hogenboom, DL AF Prieto-Ballesteros, O Kargel, JS Fernandez-Sampedro, M Selsis, F Martinez, ES Hogenboom, DL TI Evaluation of the possible presence of clathrate hydrates in Europa's icy shell or seafloor SO ICARUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Europas Icy Shell CY FEB 06-08, 2004 CL Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX HO Lunar & Planetary Inst DE ices; Europa; geological processes; satellite surfaces; mineralogy ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM; METHANE HYDRATE; GALILEAN SATELLITES; SUBSURFACE OCEAN; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; EARTHS MANTLE; SOLAR-SYSTEM; HEAT-FLOW; TETRAHYDROFURAN HYDRATE AB Several substances besides water ice have been detected on the Surface of Europa by spectroscopic sensors, including CO(2), SO(2), and H(2)S. These substances might occur as pure crystalline ices, as vitreous mixtures, or as clathrate hydrate phases, depending on the system conditions and the history of the material. Clathrate hydrates are crystalline compounds in which an expanded water ice lattice forms cages that contain gas molecules. The molecular gases that may constitute Europan clathrate hydrates may have two possible ultimate origins: they might be primordial condensates from the interstellar medium, solar nebula, or jovian subnebula, or they might be secondary products generated as a consequence of the geological evolution and complex chemical processing of the satellite. Primordial ices and volatile-bearing compounds would be difficult to preserve in pristine form in Europa without further processing because of its active geological history. But dissociated volatiles derived from differentiation of a chondritic rock or cometary precursor may have produced secondary clathrates that may be present now. We have evaluated the current stability of several types of clathrate hydrates in the crust and the ocean of Europa. The depth at which the clathrates Of SO(2), CO(2), H(2)S, and CH(4) are stable have been obtained using both the temperatures observed in the Surface [Spencer, J.R., Tamppari, L.K., Martin, T.Z., Travis, L.D., 1999. Temperatures on Europa from Galileo photopolarimeter-radiometer: Nighttime thermal anomalies. Science 284, 15 14-1516] and thermal models for the crust. In addition, their densities have been calculated in order to determine their buoyancy in the ocean, obtaining different results depending upon the salinity of the ocean and type of clathrate. For instance, assuming a eutectic composition of the system MgSO(4)-H(2)O for the ocean, CO(2), H(2)S, and CH4 clathrates would float but SO(2) clathrate would sink to the seafloor; an ocean of much lower salinity would allow all these clathrates to sink, except that CH4 clathrate would still float. Many geological processes may be driven or affected by the formation, presence, and destruction of clathrates in Europa such as explosive cryomagmatic activity [Stevenson, D.J., 1982. Volcanism and igneous processes in small icy satellites. Nature 298, 142-144], partial differentiation of the crust driven by its clathration, or the local retention of heat within or beneath clathrate-rich layers because of the low thermal conductivity of clathrate hydrates [Ross, R.G., Kai-gel, J.S., 1998. Thermal conductivity of Solar System ices, with special reference to martian polar caps. In: Schmitt, B., De Berg, C., Festou, M. (Eds.), Solar Systern Tees. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, pp. 33-62]. On the surface, destabilization of these minerals and compounds, triggered by fracture decompression or heating could result in formation of chaotic terrain morphologies, a mechanism that also has been proposed for some martian chaotic terrains [Tanaka, K.L., Kargel, J.S., MacKinnon, D.J., Hare, T.M., Hoffman, N., 2002. Catastrophic erosion of Hellas basin rim on Mars induced by magmatic intrusion into volatile-rich rocks. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 (8); Kargel, J.S., Prieto-Ballesteros, 0., Tanaka K.L., 2003. Is clathrate hydrate dissociation responsible for chaotic terrains on Earth, Mars, Europa, and Triton? Geophys. Res. 5. Abstract 14252]. Models of the evolution of the ice shell o Europa might take into account the presence of clathrate hydrates because if gases are vented from the silicate interior to the water ocean, they first would dissolve in the ocean and then, if the gas concentrations are sufficient, may crystallize. If any methane releases occur in Europa by hydrothermal or biological activity, they also might form clathrates. Then, from both geological and astrobiological perspectives, future missions to Europa should carry instrumentation capable of clathrate hydrate detection. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Madrid 28850, Spain. USGS, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Lafayette Coll, Easton, PA 18042 USA. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Ctr Rech Astron Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. RP Prieto-Ballesteros, O (reprint author), CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Carretera Ajalvir Km 4,Torrjon Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain. EM prietobo@inta.es RI Fernandez Sampedro, Maite/K-5879-2014 OI Fernandez Sampedro, Maite/0000-0003-1932-7591 NR 119 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD OCT PY 2005 VL 177 IS 2 BP 491 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.02.021 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 974FQ UT WOS:000232577100015 ER PT J AU Gallant, AL Brown, DD Hoffer, RM AF Gallant, AL Brown, DD Hoffer, RM TI Automated mapping of Hammond's landforms SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE classification; digital elevation model (DEM); geographic information system (GIS); Hammond; landform; mapping terrain AB We automated a method for mapping Hammond's landforms over large landscapes using digital elevation data. We compared our results against Hammond's published landform maps, derived using manual interpretation procedures. We found general agreement in landform patterns mapped by the manual and the automated approaches, and very close agreement in characterization of local topographic relief. The two approaches produced different interpretations of intermediate landforms, which relied upon quantification of the proportion of landscape having gently sloping terrain. This type of computation is more efficiently and consistently applied by computer than human. Today's ready access to digital data and computerized geospatial technology provides a good foundation for mapping terrain features, but the mapping criteria guiding manual techniques in the past may not be appropriate for automated approaches. We suggest that future efforts center on the advantages offered by digital advancements in refining an approach to better characterize complex landforms. C1 Colorado State Univ, Remote Sensing & GIS Program, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Gallant, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gallant@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 384 EP 388 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2005.848529 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 978TY UT WOS:000232897100003 ER PT J AU Baek, S Kwoun, OI Braun, A Lu, Z Shum, CK AF Baek, S Kwoun, OI Braun, A Lu, Z Shum, CK TI Digital elevation model of King Edward VII Peninsula, West Antarctica, from SAR interferometry and ICESat laser altimetry SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE glaciology; Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat); snow and ice; space geodetic surveys; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADARS; SHEET; TOPOGRAPHY; SYSTEM AB We present a digital elevation model (DEM) of King Edward VII Peninsula, Sulzberger Bay, West Antarctica, developed using 12 European Remote Sensing (ERS) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scenes and 24 Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimetry profiles. We employ differential interfer-ograms from the ERS tandem mission SAR scenes acquired in the austral fall of 1996, and four selected ICESat laser altimetry profiles acquired in the austral fall of 2004, as ground control points (GCPs) to construct an improved geocentric 60-m resolution DEM over the grounded ice region. We then extend the DEM to include two ice shelves using ICESat profiles via Kriging. Twenty additional ICESat profiles acquired in 2003-2004 are used to assess the accuracy of the DEM. After accounting for radar penetration depth and predicted surface changes, including effects due to ice mass balance, solid Earth tides, and glacial isostatic adjustment, in part to account for the eight-year data acquisition discrepancy, the resulting difference between the DEM and ICESat profiles is -0.57 +/- 5.88 m. After removing the discrepancy between the DEM and ICESat profiles for a final combined DEM using a bicubic spline, the overall difference is 0.05 +/- 1.35 m. C1 Ohio State Univ, Lab Space Geodesy & Remote Sensing, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Geol Survey Natl Ctr, Earth Resources Observat Syst Data Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Geomat Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Baek, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Lab Space Geodesy & Remote Sensing, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ckshum@osu.edu NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 413 EP 417 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2005.853623 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 978TY UT WOS:000232897100009 ER PT J AU Tsujimori, T Liou, JG Wooden, J Miyamoto, T AF Tsujimori, T Liou, JG Wooden, J Miyamoto, T TI U-pb dating of large zircons in low-temperature jadeitite from the Osayama serpentinite melange, Southwest Japan: Insights into the timing of serpentinization SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID FACIES METAMORPHISM; CHUGOKU MOUNTAINS; SW JAPAN; ZONE; ROCKS; GEOCHRONOLOGY; AMPHIBOLITE; BLUESCHIST; GUATEMALA; ALBITITES AB Crystals of zircon up to 3 mm in length occur in jadeitite veins in the Osayama serpentinite melange, Southwest Japan. The zircon porphyroblasts show pronounced zoning, and are characterized by both low Th/U ratios (0.2-0.8) and low Th and U abundances (Th = 1-81 ppm; U = 6-149 ppm). They contain inclusions of high-pressure minerals, including jadeite and rutile; such an occurrence indicates that the zircon crystallized during subduction-zone metamorphism. Phase equilibria and the existing fluid-inclusion data constrain P-T conditions to P > 1.2 GPa at T < 350 degrees C for formation of the jadeitite. Most U/Pb ages obtained by SHRIMP-RG are concordant, with a weighted mean (206)Pb/(238)U age of 472 +/- 8.5 Ma (MSWD = 2.7, n = 25). Because zircon porphyroblasts contain inclusions of high-pressure minerals, the SHRIMP U-Pb age represents the timing of jadeitite formation, i.e., the timing of interaction between alkaline fluid and ultramafic rocks in a subduction zone. Although this dating does not provide a direct time constraint for serpentinization, U-Pb ages of zircon in jadeitite associated with serpentinite result in new insights into the timing of fluid-rock interaction of ultramafic rocks at a subduction zone and the minimum age for serpentinization. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Tsujimori, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Tsujimori, Tatsuki/D-2677-2009 OI Tsujimori, Tatsuki/0000-0001-9202-7312 NR 39 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1048 EP 1057 DI 10.2747/0020-6814.47.10.1048 PG 10 WC Geology SC Geology GA 966FX UT WOS:000232006600004 ER PT J AU Baesman, SM Miller, LG AF Baesman, SM Miller, LG TI Laboratory determination of the carbon kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) for reactions of methyl halides with various nucleophiles in solution SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE abiotic fractionation; kinetic isotope effects; methyl halides ID AGRICULTURAL SOIL FUMIGATIONS; BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION; BACTERIAL OXIDATION; ATMOSPHERIC CH3BR; COASTAL SEAWATER; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; BROMIDE; CHLORIDE; FRACTIONATION AB Large carbon kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) were measured for reactions of methyl bromide (MeBr), methyl chloride (MeCl), and methyl iodide (MeI) with various nucleophiles at 287 and 306 K in aqueous solutions. Rates of reaction of MeBr and MeI with H2O (neutral hydrolysis) or Cl- (halide substitution) were consistent with previous measurements. Hydrolysis rates increased with increasing temperature or pH ( base hydrolysis). KIEs for hydrolysis were 51 +/- 6 parts per thousand for MeBr and 38 +/- 8 parts per thousand for MeI. Rates of halide substitution increased with increasing temperature and greater reactivity of the attacking nucleophile, with the fastest reaction being that of MeI with Br-. KIEs for halide substitution were independent of temperature but varied with the reactant methyl halide and the attacking nucleophile. KIEs were similar for MeBr substitution with Cl- and MeCl substitution with Br- (57 +/- 5 and 60 +/- 9 parts per thousand, respectively). The KIE for halide exchange of MeI was lower overall (33 +/- 8 parts per thousand) and was greater for substitution with Br- (46 +/- 6 parts per thousand) than with Cl- (29 +/- 6 parts per thousand). C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Baesman, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lgmiller@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 52 IS 2 BP 203 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s10874-005-1904-0 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 983QS UT WOS:000233247800006 ER PT J AU Sexton, OJ Bramble, JE Heisler, IL Phillips, CA Cox, DL AF Sexton, OJ Bramble, JE Heisler, IL Phillips, CA Cox, DL TI Eggshell composition of squamate reptiles: Relationship between eggshell permeability and amino acid distribution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amino acid analysis; eggshells; squamate reptiles; proline; water relations; water-soil relations ID WATER RELATIONS; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; ANOLINE LIZARDS; PROLINE; ELASTIN; POPULATIONS; METABOLISM; DROSOPHILA; EVOLUTION; STRESS AB Most snakes and lizards produce eggs with flexible shells that interact with the environment to maintain water balance. Geckos produce rigid eggshells that are independent of an external source of water and can be oviposited in more open, dryer locations. In this study, we analyzed and compared the amino acid composition of 24 lizard species, six snake species, and four outgroups (including avian and reptilian elastin and chicken eggshell). Rigid Gecko eggshells had significantly lower levels of seven of the 17 amino acids evaluated. Multivariate analysis showed that proline was the most important amino acid in distinguishing between these two groups of eggshells, occurring at significantly higher levels in flexible eggshells. High levels of proline have also been observed in the eggshells of other species. Proline and other amino acids are associated with the alleviation of water and salt stress in plants. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Eureka, MO 63025 USA. Washington Univ, Tyson Res Ctr, Eureka, MO 63025 USA. De Paul Univ, Environm Sci Program, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, S Florida Ecol Serv Off, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Biodivers, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Sexton, OJ (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, POB 258, Eureka, MO 63025 USA. EM sexton@biology.wustl.edu NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2391 EP 2401 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-7108-x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 969XK UT WOS:000232269000010 PM 16195850 ER PT J AU Smith, JA Miller, AJ Baeck, ML Nelson, PA Fisher, GT Meierdiercks, KL AF Smith, JA Miller, AJ Baeck, ML Nelson, PA Fisher, GT Meierdiercks, KL TI Extraordinary flood response of a small urban watershed to short-duration convective rainfall SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRAINAGE-BASIN; PRECIPITATION; WSR-88D; ALGORITHM AB The 9.1 km(2) Moores Run watershed in Baltimore, Maryland, experiences floods with unit discharge peaks exceeding 1 m(3) s(-1) km(-2) 12 times yr(-1), on average. Few, if any, drainage basins in the continental United States have a higher frequency. A thunderstorm system on 13 June 2003 produced the record flood peak (13.2 m(3) s(-1) km(-2)) during the 6-yr stream gauging record of Moores Run. In this paper, the hydrometeorology, hydrology, and hydraulics of extreme floods in Moores Run are examined through analyses of the 13 June 2003 storm and flood, as well as other major storm and flood events during the 2000-03 time period. The 13 June 2003 flood, like most floods in Moores Run, was produced by an organized system of thunderstorms. Analyses of the 13 June 2003 storm, which are based on volume scan reflectivity observations from the Sterling, Virginia, WSR-88D radar, are used to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of flash flood producing rainfall. Hydrology of flood response in Moores Run is characterized by highly efficient concentration of runoff through the storm drain network and relatively low runoff ratios. A detailed survey of high-water marks for the 13 June 2003 flood is used, in combination with analyses based on a 2D, depth-averaged open channel flow model (TELEMAC 2D) to examine hydraulics of the 13 June 2003 flood. Hydraulic analyses are used to examine peak discharge estimates for the 13 June flood peak, propagation of flood waves in the Moores Run channel, and 2D flow features associated with channel and floodplain geometry. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM jsmith@princeton.edu RI Nelson, Peter/C-9538-2017 OI Nelson, Peter/0000-0002-8679-3982 NR 26 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 6 IS 5 BP 599 EP 617 DI 10.1175/JHM426.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 984FV UT WOS:000233288800002 ER PT J AU Bonaccorso, FJ Winkelmann, JR Byrnes, DGP AF Bonaccorso, FJ Winkelmann, JR Byrnes, DGP TI Home range, territoriality, and flight time budgets in the black-bellied fruit bat, Melonycteris melanops (Pteropodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE banana; core-use area; New Britain; Papua New Guinea; radiotelemetry; rainforest ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; SYCONYCTERIS-AUSTRALIS; BLOSSOM BAT AB Based oil 1,362 radiotelemetry positions, mean home range for 10 adult black-bellied fruit bats, Melonycteris melanops (Pteropodidae), in lowland rainforest at Mount Garbuna, West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, was 2.3 ha +/- 1.2 SD. Mean core-use area of adults was 0.5 ha +/- 0.4 SD, and mean long axis of home range was 370 m +/- 90 SD. Core-use areas were associated with day-roost shelters or flowering bananas. Means of home range, core-use area, and long axis across home range were significantly larger in subadults than in adults. During the day, M. melanops roosted Singly Under banana leaves or in subcanopy foliage, often showing extended fidelity to day-roost sites. Adults excluded other same-sex adults from feeding territories around bananas, but mixed-sex pairs overlapped strongly. During the first 2 h of the night, individual bats made 69-99 flights of 2- to 139-s duration. Cumulative flight represented 24-36% of the 2-h sampling periods. C1 Gettysburg Coll, Dept Biol, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Museum & Art Gallery, Dept Nat Hist, Boroko, Papua N Guinea. RP Bonaccorso, FJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM fbonaccorso@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 86 IS 5 BP 931 EP 936 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[931:HRTAFT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 978LS UT WOS:000232875400010 ER PT J AU Wasserberg, G Abramsky, Z Valdivia, N Kotler, B AF Wasserberg, G Abramsky, Z Valdivia, N Kotler, B TI The role of vegetation characteristics and foraging substrate in organizing a centrifugal gerbil community SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE centrifugal Comunity organization; ecological gradients; foraging efficiency; foraging substrate; Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi; Gerbillus pyramidum; giving-up density; habitat selection; seed tray ID HABITAT SELECTION; PATCH USE; COMPETITION; PREDATION; BEHAVIOR; COEXISTENCE; PREFERENCE; RODENTS; SNAKES; RATES AB The centrifugal community organization model describes the habitat-use pattern of competing species that share a primary habitat preference but differ in their secondary habitat preferences. Our goal was to study the gradients underlying centrifugal organization in a community of 2 gerbil species, Gerbillus pyramidum (the greater Egyptian sand gerbil) and G. andersoni allenbyi (Allenby's gerbil), in the Southern coastal plain of Israel. Theory suggests that the ideal combination of food and safety should occur in the semistabilized-sand habitat. However, our measurements showed that this combination actually occurs at the stabilized-sand habitat. Yet, both species prefer the semistabilized-sand habitat. By using artificial seed patches, we show that foraging at the stabilized- sand substrate is at least twice as costly as foraging at the nonstabilized substrate. This, together with potential differences in resource renewal rates and predation risk may underlie the shared-preference for the semistabilized-sand habitat and thus affect the community organization. C1 Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol,Russell Lab 218, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Edgewood Coll, Dept Psychol, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Mitrani Dept Desert Ecol, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. RP Wasserberg, G (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol,Russell Lab 218, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM wasserberg@wisc.edu RI Kotler, Burt/F-1381-2012; ABRAMSKY, ZVIKA/F-1123-2012 OI Kotler, Burt/0000-0003-2693-8788; NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1009 EP 1014 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[1009:TROVCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 978LS UT WOS:000232875400020 ER PT J AU McDonald, JE Fuller, TK AF McDonald, JE Fuller, TK TI Effects of spring acorn availability on black bear diet, milk composition, and cub survival SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE black bear; cubs; fat; hard mast; Massachusetts; milk; Quercus; skunk cabbage; Symplocarpus foetidus; Ursus americanus ID SNOWSHOE HARE DECLINE; URSUS-AMERICANUS; LACTATION; ALBERTA; WINTER; REPRODUCTION; PHYSIOLOGY; DEMOGRAPHY; MINNESOTA; NUTRITION AB We investigated the role of changing abundance of spring foods on female American black bear (Ursus americanus) diet, milk composition, and cub survival in western Massachusetts. We hypothesized that diets would change, percentage milk fat would be higher, and cub survival would be higher in a year when overwintered hard mast was more abundant. We obtained paired samples of milk from 7 adult female bears across consecutive reproductive cycles during which spring diets differed; I year followed a bumper acorn (Quercus rubra) crop and estimated spring diets were > 25% acorns; the other year followed an extremely poor acorn crop and spring diets were estimated to be 99% skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus). Postdenning milk was higher in fat (26.7% versus 18.2%; P = 0.0557) during the spring when acorns were abundant, but we did not identify any carryover affect to Cub Survival. We suggest that adult female black bears compensate for changes in food availability by eating greater Volumes of alternative foods, and perhaps allocate resources primarily to milk production; the bears appear to be able to produce milk of adequate quality to sustain cubs, regardless of spring diet. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP McDonald, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Westgate Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM john_e_mcdonald@fws.gov NR 46 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 23 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1022 EP 1028 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[1022:EOSAAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 978LS UT WOS:000232875400022 ER PT J AU Brongo, LL Mitchell, MS Grand, JB AF Brongo, LL Mitchell, MS Grand, JB TI Long-term analysis of survival, fertility, and population growth rate of black bears in North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE black bears; deniographic analysis; fertility; North Carolina; population growth rate; program MARK; southern Appalachians; survival; temporal symmetry; Ursus americanus ID CAPTURE-MARK-RECAPTURE; LOCAL RECRUITMENT; REPRODUCTION; MOUNTAINS; ECOLOGY; WINTER AB We estimated survival, fertility, and realized and asymptotic population growth rates from 1981 to 2002 for a protected population of black bears (Ursus americanus) in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. We used Akaike's information criterion to assess the time interval for averaging observations that was best for estimating vital rates for our study, given Our yearly sample sizes. The temporal symmetry approach allowed us to directly assess Population growth and to address all losses and gains to the population by using only capture data, offering an alternative to the logistically intensive collection of reproductive data. Models that averaged survival and fertility across 5- and 7-year time intervals were best supported by our data. Studies of black bear populations with annual sample sizes similar to ours should be of at least 5 years in duration to estimate vital rates reliably, and at least 10 years in duration to evaluate changes in Population growth rate (lambda). We also hypothesized that survival would not track changes in, because lambda is influenced by both survival and fertility. The 5-year model our hypothesis, but the 7-year model did not. Where long-term dynamics of large, relatively stable bear populations are of interest, monitoring survival is likely to be sufficient for evaluating trends in lambda. For rapidly changing, small populations, however, failure to incorporate fertility into assessments of lambda could be misleading. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Brongo, LL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 108 M White Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM llbrongo@yahoo.com RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1029 EP 1035 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[1029:LAOSFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 978LS UT WOS:000232875400023 ER PT J AU Woodman, N Morgan, JJP AF Woodman, N Morgan, JJP TI Skeletal morphology of the forefoot in shrews (Mammalia : Soricidae) of the genus Cryptotis, as revealed by digital x-rays SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carpals; digits; Insectivora; manus; skeleton; Soricinae; Soricomorpha ID SMALL-EARED SHREW; EVOLUTION; SORICOMORPHA; PATTERNS AB Variation in the forefoot skeleton of small-eared shrews (family Soricidae, genus Cryptotis) has been previously documented, but the paucity of available skeletons for most taxa makes assessment of the degrees of intraspecific and interspecific variation difficult. We used a digital X-ray system to extract images of the forefoot skeleton from 101 dried skins of eight taxa (seven species, including two subspecies of one species) of these shrews. Lengths and widths of each of the four bones of digit III were measured directly from the digital images, and we used these data to quantify variation within and among taxa. Analysis of the images and measurements showed that interspecific variation exceeds intraspecific variation. In fact, most taxa could be distinguished in multivariate and some bivariate plots. Our quantitative data helped us define a number of specific forefoot characters that we subsequently used to hypothesize evolutionary relationships among the taxa using the exhaustive search option in PAUP, a computer program for phylogenetic analysis. The resulting trees generally concur with previously published evolutionary hypotheses for small-eared shrews. Cryptotis meridensis, a taxon not previously examined in recent phylogenies, is rooted at the base of the branch leading to the C. mexicana group of species. The position of this species suggests that the mostly South American C. thomasi group shares an early ancestor with the C. mexicana group. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC 111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmanN@si.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 266 IS 1 BP 60 EP 73 DI 10.1002/jmor.10367 PG 14 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 969RV UT WOS:000232253300005 PM 16121402 ER PT J AU Sherfy, MH Kirkpatrick, RL Webb, KE AF Sherfy, MH Kirkpatrick, RL Webb, KE TI Does choice of estimators influence conclusions from true metabolizable energy feeding trials? SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anas discors; avian dietary quality; energy loss; feeding trial; true metabolizable energy ID AMINO-ACID DIGESTIBILITY; ADULT COCKERELS; BODY-WEIGHT; DUCKS; VALUES; SEEDS; AVAILABILITY; VARIABILITY; FEEDSTUFFS; WATERFOWL AB True metabolizable energy (TME) is a measure of avian dietary quality that accounts for metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary energy losses (EL) of non-dietary origin. The TME is calculated using a bird fed the test diet and an estimate of EL derived from another bird (Paired Bird Correction), the same bird (Self Correction), or several other birds (Group Mean Correction). We evaluated precision of these estimators by using each to calculate TME of three seed diets in blue-winged teal (Anas discors). The TME varied by < 2% among estimators for all three diets, and Self Correction produced the least variable TMEs for each. The TME did not differ between estimators in nine paired comparisons within diets, but variation between estimators within individual birds was sufficient to be of practical consequence. Although differences in precision among methods were slight, Self Correction required the lowest sample size to achieve a given precision. Feeding trial methods that minimize variation among individuals have several desirable properties, including higher precision of TME estimates and more rigorous experimental control. Consequently, we believe that Self Correction is most likely to accurately represent nutritional value of food items and should be considered the standard method for TME feeding trials. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Sherfy, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM msherfy@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 146 IS 4 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s10336-005-0094-5 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 974TR UT WOS:000232614800012 ER PT J AU Jordan, CN Kaur, T Koenen, K DeStefano, S Zajac, AM Lindsay, DS AF Jordan, CN Kaur, T Koenen, K DeStefano, S Zajac, AM Lindsay, DS TI Prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona in beavers (Castor canadensis) from Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OPOSSUMS DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; SPECIES SPOROCYSTS; PROCYON-LOTOR; IMMUNOASSAY; SURVIVAL; RACCOONS; OOCYSTS; KANSAS AB The present study examined the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona in a population of beavers (Castor canadensis) from Massachusetts. Sixty-two blood samples were collected during the field seasons over 3 consecutive years from different animals. Blood was collected onto filter paper and shipped to the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, for parasite testing. The samples were tested at dilutions of 1:25. 1:50, and]:100 against each parasite antigen by modified agglutination tests to determine whether antibodies to either parasite were present in the blood. Six of 62 samples (10%) were positive for T. gondii, with 2 samples having titers of 1:25 and 4 having titers of 1:50. Four of 62 samples (6%) were positive for S. neurona, with 2 samples having titers of 1:25 and 2 having titers of 1:50. C1 Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01355 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lindsayd@vt.edu RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1228 EP 1229 DI 10.1645/GE-543R.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 987SF UT WOS:000233536900041 PM 16419776 ER PT J AU Zulkosky, AM Ruggieri, JP Terracciano, SA Brownawell, BJ McElroy, AE AF Zulkosky, AM Ruggieri, JP Terracciano, SA Brownawell, BJ McElroy, AE TI Acute toxicity of resmethrin, malathion and methoprene to larval and juvenile American lobsters (Homarus americanus) and analysis of pesticide levels in surface waters after Scourge (TM), Anvil (TM) and Altosid (TM) application SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Homarus americanus; American lobster; resmethrin; malathion; methoprene; toxicity; immune response; LC-TOF-MS ID PRAWN MACROBRACHIUM-ROSENBERGII; CARCINUS-MAENAS; LACTOCOCCUS-GARVIEAE; MYSIDOPSIS-BAHIA; CRANGON-CRANGON; COMMON SHRIMP; SHORE CRAB; EXPOSURE; STRESS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Acute toxicity and immune response, combined with temperature stress effects, were evaluated in larval and juvenile American lobsters (Homarus americanus) exposed to malathion, resmethrin and methoprene. These pesticides were used to control West Nile virus in New York in 1999, the same year the American lobster population collapsed in western Long Island Sound (LIS). Whereas the suite of pesticides used for mosquito control changed in subsequent years, a field study was also conducted to determine pesticide concentrations in surface waters on Long Island and in LIS after operational applications. The commercial formulations used in 2002 and 2003-Scourge, Anvil and Altosid-contain the active ingredients resmethrin, sumithrin and methoprene, respectively. Concentrations of the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) were also measured as a proxy for pesticide exposure. Acute mortality ill Stage I-II larval lobsters demonstrated that they are extremely sensitive to continuous resmethrin exposure. Resmethrin LC50s for larval lobsters determined under flow-through conditions varied from 0.26-0.95 mu g L-1 in 48- and 96-h experiments at 16 degrees C, respectively. Increased temperature (24 degrees C) did not significantly alter resmethrin toxicity, Malathion and methoprene were less toxic than resmethrin. The 48-h LC50 for malathion was 3.7 mu g L-1 and methoprene showed no toxicity at the highest (10 mu g L-1) concentration tested. Phenoloxidase activity was used as a measure of immune response for juvenile lobsters exposed to sublethal pesticide concentrations. In continuous exposures to sublethal doses of resmethrin (0.03 mu g L-1) or malathion (1 mu g L-1) for 7 d at 16 or 22 degrees C. temperature had a significant effect on phenoloxidase activity (P <= 0.006) whereas pesticide exposure did not (P = 0.880). The analytical methods developed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (LCTOF-MS) provided high sensitivity with mass detection limits of 0.1-0.3 ng L-1. Pesticide levels were often detected in the ng L-1 range in Long Island surface waters and western LIS (except in open waters), but rarely at concentrations found to be toxic in flow-through laboratory exposures, even immediately after spray events. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. United States Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Coram, NY 11727 USA. RP McElroy, AE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM Anne.McElroy@Stonybrook.edu NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 16 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 795 EP 804 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 977DP UT WOS:000232782900016 ER PT J AU Draxler, AFJ Sherrell, RM Wieczorek, D Lavigne, MG Paulson, AJ AF Draxler, AFJ Sherrell, RM Wieczorek, D Lavigne, MG Paulson, AJ TI Manganese concentration in lobster (Homarus americanus) gills as an index of exposure to reducing conditions in western Long Island Sound SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lobster; Homarus americanus; manganese; hypoxia ID NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS L.; NORWAY LOBSTER; ACCUMULATION; DEPLETION; KINETICS; HYPOXIA; TISSUES AB We examined the accumulation of manganese (Mn) in gill tissues of chemically naive lobsters held in situ at six sites in Long Island Sound (LIS) for up to six weeks to evaluate the possible contribution of eutrophication-driven habitat quality factors to the 1999 mass mortality of American lobsters (Homarus americanus). These western LIS lobster habitats experience seasonal hypoxia, which results in redox-mobilized Mn being transferred to and deposited on the tissues of the lobsters. Manganese accumulated in gill tissue of lobsters throughout the study, but rates were highest at western and southern LIS sites, ranging from 3.4-0.8 mu g/g/d (similar to 16 mu g/g initial). The Baden-Eriksson observation that Mn accumulation in Norway lobsters (Nephrops norvegicus) is associated with ecosystem hypoxia is confirmed and extended to H. ainericanus. It seems likely that, after accounting for molting frequency, certain critical values may be applied to other lobster habitats of the NE US shelf. If a high proportion of lobsters in autumn have gill Mn concentrations exceeding 30 mu g/g, then the habitats are likely experiencing some reduced oxygen levels. Manganese concentrations above 100 mu g/g suggest exposure to conditions with the potential for lobster mortality should the temperatures of bottom waters become elevated. and gill concentrations above some higher level (perhaps 300 mu g/g) indicate the most severe habitat conditions with a strong potential for hypoxia stress. C1 Howard Marine Lab, NOAA Fisheries, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USGS, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Draxler, AFJ (reprint author), Howard Marine Lab, NOAA Fisheries, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM andrew.draxler@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHAMPTON, NY 11968 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 815 EP 819 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 977DP UT WOS:000232782900018 ER PT J AU Kent, R Belitz, K Burton, CA AF Kent, R Belitz, K Burton, CA TI Algal productivity and nitrate assimilation in an effluent dominated concrete lined stream SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE aquatic ecosystems; algae; effluent dominated streams; nutrient assimilation; productivity; periphyton; wastewater; water quality ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; NITROGEN REMOVAL; PERIPHYTON BIOMASS; PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; TREATMENT SYSTEM; DESERT STREAM; POND SYSTEMS; CLADOPHORA; WETLANDS AB This study examined algal productivity and nitrate assimilation in a 2.85 km. reach of Cucamonga Creek, California, a concrete lined channel receiving treated municipal wastewater. Stream nitrate concentrations observed at two stations indicated nearly continuous loss throughout the diel study. Nitrate loss in the reach was approximately 11 mg/L/d or 1.0 g/m(2)/d as N, most of which occurred during daylight. The peak rate of nitrate loss (1.13 mg/l/hr) occurred just prior to an afternoon total CO2 depletion. Gross primary productivity, as estimated by a model using the observed differences in dissolved oxygen between the two stations, was 228 mg/L/d, or 21 g/m(2)/d as O-2. The observed diel variations in productivity, nitrate loss, pH, dissolved oxygen, and CO2 indicate that nitrate loss was primarily due to algal assimilation. The observed levels of productivity and nitrate assimilation were exceptionally high on a mass per volume basis compared to studies on other streams; these rates occurred because of the shallow stream depth. This study suggests that concrete-lined channels can provide an important environmental service: lowering of nitrate concentrations similar to rates observed in biological treatment systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Kent, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, 5735 Kearny Villa Rd,Suite O, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM rhkent@usgs.gov NR 115 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1109 EP 1128 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03788.x PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 972JT UT WOS:000232450800007 ER PT J AU Leicht, SA Silander, JA Greenwood, K AF Leicht, SA Silander, JA Greenwood, K TI Assessing the competitive ability of Japanese stilt grass, Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE annual rye grass; competition; invasive species; Japanese stilt grass; Lolium perenne ssp multiflorum; Microstegium vimineum; Muhlenbergia mexicana ID WEED-CROP COMPETITION; C-4 GRASS; SHADE-TOLERANT; POACEAE; ENVIRONMENTS; RESPONSES; GROWTH; MODELS; PLANTS; STATES AB Microstegium vimineum (Japanese stilt grass) is an invasive grass in the eastern half of the United States which can form dense monocultures in forest understories, displacing native species. Although the loss of native species has been observed in the field, the actual competitive ability of this grass has not been examined. Microstegium vimineum was grown under controlled environment, greenhouse conditions in competition with Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum (annual rye grass) and Muhlenbergia mexicana (Mexican muhly) in varying density ratios in full and low light treatments. Microstegium vimineum had a greater aboveground biomass, relative growth rate, and reproductive output than both competitors in both light treatments. The high competitive ability of Microstegium vimineum, especially in low light conditions, reflects its highly aggressive nature in forested or other landscapes of eastern North America. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Leicht, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM sleicht@alumni.nd.edu NR 25 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 13 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 132 IS 4 BP 573 EP 580 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2005)132[573:ATCAOJ]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 013HG UT WOS:000235399800004 ER PT J AU Sanford, SH Wimsatt, JH Green, DE AF Sanford, SH Wimsatt, JH Green, DE TI Phylogenetic classification of the frog pathogen Amphibiothecum (dermosporidium) penneri based on small ribosomal subunit sequencing SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Amphibiothecum; dermocystida; Dermosporidium; frog diseases; mesomycetozoea ID ANIMAL-FUNGAL DIVERGENCE; PROTISTAN PARASITES; CLADE; MESOMYCETOZOEA; MEMBERS; NOV; SP. AB We determined 1,600 base pairs of DNA sequence in the 18S small ribosomal sub-unit from two geographically distinct isolates of Dermosporidium penneri. Maximum likelihood and parsimony analysis of these sequences place D. penneri in the order Dermocystida of the class Mesomycetozoea. The 18S rRNA sequence from these two isolates only differ within a single region of 16 contiguous nucleotides. Based on the distant phylogenetic relationship of these organisms to Amphibiocystidium. ranae and similarity to Sphaerothecum. destruens we propose the organism be renamed Amphibiothecum penneri. C1 Univ Virginia, Ctr Comparat Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Sanford, SH (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Ctr Comparat Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM shf2b@virginia.edu NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 701 EP 706 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 013AB UT WOS:000235380900004 PM 16456158 ER PT J AU Meteyer, CU Rideout, BA Gilbert, M Shivaprasad, HL Oaks, JL AF Meteyer, CU Rideout, BA Gilbert, M Shivaprasad, HL Oaks, JL TI Pathology and proposed pathophysiology of diclofenac poisoning in free-living and experimentally exposed oriental white-backed vultures (Gyps bengalensis) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE diclofenac; Gyps bengalensis; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; oriental white-backed vulture; pharmaceutical residues; renal portal system; renal tubule necrosis; visceral gout ID MORTALITY; PHARMACOKINETICS; TOXICITY; PAKISTAN; DISEASE; CELLS AB Oriental white-backed vultures (Gyps bengalensis; OWBVs) died of renal failure when they ingested diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), in tissues of domestic livestock. Acute necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules ill these vultures was severe. Glomeruli, distal convoluted tubules, and collecting, tubules were relatively spared in the vultures that had early lesions. In most vultures, however, lesions became extensive with large Urate aggregates obscuring renal architecture. Inflammation was minimal. Extensive urate precipitation oil the surface and within organ parenchyma (visceral gout) was consistently found in vultures with renal failure. Very little is known about the physiologic effect of NSAIDs in birds. Research in mammals has shown that diclofenac inhibits formation of prostaglandins. We propose that the mechanism by which diclofenac induces renal failure in the OWBV is through the inhibition of the modulating effect of prostaglandin oil angiotensin II-mediated adrenergic stimulation. Renal portal valves open ill response to adrenergic stimulation, redirecting portal blood to the caudal vena cava and bypassing the kidney. If diclofenac removes a modulating effect of prostaglandins oil the renal portal valves, indiscriminant activation of these valves would redirect the primary nutrient blood supply away from the renal cortex. Resulting ischemic necrosis of the cortical proximal convoluted tubules would be consisteut with our histologic findings in these OWBVs. C1 USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Zool Soc San Diego, Ctr Reprod Endangered Species, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID 83709 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, Fresno Branch, Fresno, CA 93725 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Meteyer, CU (reprint author), USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM carol_meteyer@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 707 EP 716 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 013AB UT WOS:000235380900005 PM 16456159 ER PT J AU Sauer, JR Link, WA Nichols, JD Royle, JA AF Sauer, JR Link, WA Nichols, JD Royle, JA TI Using the North American Breeding Bird Survey as a tool for conservation: A critique of BART et al. (2004) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bias; birds; monitoring; North American Bird Conservation Initiative; North American Breeding Bird Survey; surveys; trends ID ESTIMATING POPULATION TRENDS; LINEAR-MODEL; ABUNDANCE AB Bart et al. (2004) develop methods for predicting needed samples for estimation of long-term trends from Count survey data, and they apply these methods to the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). They recommend adding approximately 40% more survey routes ill the BBS to allow for estimation of long-term (i.e., 20 year) trends For a collection of species. We critique several aspects of their analysis and Suggest that their focus Oil long-term trends and expansion of the present Survey design will provide limited benefits for conservation because it fails to either enhance the credibility of the survey or better tic the survey to regional management activities. A primary innovation claimed by Bart et al. (2004) is the incorporation of bias in estimation ill Study planning. We question the value of this approach, is it. requires reliable estimates of range of future bias. We show that estimates of bias used by Bart et al. (2004) are speculative. Failure to obtain better estimates of this bias is likely to compromise the credibility of future analyses of the survey. We also note that the generic analysis of population trends that they provide is of questionable validity and is unlikely to be relevant for regions and species of management concern. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Sauer, JR (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM John_R_Sauer@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1321 EP 1326 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1321:UTNABB]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 028HV UT WOS:000236478700002 ER PT J AU Francis, CM Bart, J Dunn, EH Burnham, KP Ralph, CJ AF Francis, CM Bart, J Dunn, EH Burnham, KP Ralph, CJ TI Enhancing the value of the Breeding Bird Survey: Reply to Sauer et al. (2005) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bias; bird surveys; monitoring; North American Breeding Bird Survey; population trends; trend estimation ID CERULEAN WARBLERS; POPULATION TRENDS; LINEAR-MODEL; ABUNDANCE AB Bart. et al (2004a) proposed several approaches for enhancing the considerable value of the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). Sauer et al. (2005) critiqued some of these approaches, and emphasized alternative goals the Survey. We agree with many of the suggestions of Sauer et al. (2005); notably that multispecies, large-scale Surveys such as the BBS are most valuable for bird conservation if they achieve Multiple objectives. Nevertheless, we strongly assert that estimation of long-term trends is of fundamental importance for identifying important, conservation issues and determining which species represent priorities for conservation efforts, as has been repeatedly demonstrated in the past. We are confident that our recommendations for enhancing the ability of the BBS to detect trends-reducing bias, explicitly recognizing that. all bias cannot be eliminated, and increasing sample size in poorly covered areas-can only enhance, and not detract from, the value of the BBS for other purposes. C1 Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Francis, CM (reprint author), Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. EM Charles.Francis@ec.gc.ca NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1327 EP 1332 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1327:ETVOTB]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 028HV UT WOS:000236478700003 ER PT J AU Sheaffer, SE Kendall, WL Bowers, EF AF Sheaffer, SE Kendall, WL Bowers, EF TI Impact of special early harvest seasons on subarctic-nesting and temperate-nesting Canada geese SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Branta canadensis; Canada geese; Mississippi flyway; September harvest season; subarctic-nesting; temperate-nesting ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; SURVIVAL AB Dramatic changes in wintering distributions of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) have occurred over the past 50 years in eastern North America. Declines in numbers of subarctic-nesting geese wintering in southern states, and increases in numbers wintering in northern regions, have resulted in a northern shift in winter distributions. In contrast, numbers of temperate-nesting geese have increased throughout eastern North America. Management efforts to control overabundant temper-ate-nesting flocks have included the establishment of special early harvest seasons in September. However, the effect of early seasons on survival and harvest of subarctic-nesting populations has not been documented. Understanding the timing of migration movements and the fidelity of subarctic-nesting flocks to terminal winter refuges in the Southeast also is necessary to design early harvest seasons that target temperate-nesting flocks and protect subarctic-nesting populations. We used recoveries of marked geese to estimate survival and harvest rates before and after implementation of early harvest seasons within the Mississippi Flyway during 1976-1999. In addition, we used observations of neck-banded geese from the Southern James Bay Population (SJBP) to evaluate the hypothesis that subarctic-nesting geese arriving prior to mid-December on several key terminal winter refuges in the Southeast (early arriving migrants) were more likely to return to those refuges in subsequent years than were migrants, arriving after mid-December (late arriving migrants). September seasons during 1987-1994 were a minor Source of mortality for subarctic-nesting populations and accounted for < 10% of their annual harvest mortality. The effectiveness of early seasons for increasing mortality of temperate-nesting flocks varied among the states we examined and was tempered by concurrent changes in state-specific harvest regulations during the regular harvest season. For SJBP Canada geese, annual fidelity to southeastern refuges was 10% higher for early arrivers than for late arriving geese. However, in any given year only 47-57% of the Surviving geese were expected to return to the refuges the following year. Although early arriving migrants had higher survival and higher return probabilities than did late arriving migrants or geese that failed to return, numbers of geese wintering on southeastern refuges likely declined because < 60% of the surviving geese affiliated With the refuges Would return in a given year and because of lower survival for geese that did not return to the refuges. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. RP Sheaffer, SE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ses11@cornell.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1494 EP 1507 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1494:IOSEHS]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 028HV UT WOS:000236478700016 ER PT J AU Boal, CW Andersen, DE Kennedy, PL AF Boal, CW Andersen, DE Kennedy, PL TI Foraging and nesting habitat of breeding male northern goshawks in the Laurentian mixed forest province, Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Accipiter gentilis; foraging habitat; forest management; Minnesota; nesting habitat; northern goshawk; radiotelemetry ID ACCIPITER-GENTILIS-ATRICAPILLUS; TAMIASCIURUS-HUDSONICUS; RED SQUIRRELS; AVAILABILITY; OREGON; POPULATION; SELECTION; RANGE; AREAS; MODEL AB We used radiotelemetry to examine foraging habitat preferences of 17 breeding, male northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) in Minnesota from 1998-2000. We assessed habitat preference using radio relocation points and 50-m radius buffers of radio relocation points. Our data Suggested that foraging male goshawks used early-successional upland conifer stands (>= 25 yrs old), early-successional upland deciduous stands (>= 50 yrs old), late-successional upland conifer stands (>= 50 yrs old), and late-successional upland deciduous stands (>= 50 yrs old) more frequently than expected based on the abundance of these vegetation types in the landscape. The 2 most available stand types, early-successional upland deciduous (< 25 yrs old) and all ages of late-successional lowland conifer stands, were used less than expected by foraging goshawks. Late-successional lowland deciduous stands (>= 50 yrs old) were used in proportion to availability. Although analysis of relocation points suggested early-successional upland deciduous stands (25-49 yrs old) and late-successional upland conifer stands (>= 50 yrs old) were used in proportion to availability, analysis of buffers around relocation points indicated that these stand types were also used more than expected by foraging goshawks. Regardless of vegetation community type, stands used by goshawks were structurally similar with high canopy and understory stem densities, high canopy closure, substantial shrub cover, and large amounts of woody debris. Nest stands consisted of taller and larger diameter canopy trees and fewer understory trees than foraging stands, but stands were otherwise similar in structural features, Suggesting goshawks used similar stands for nesting and foraging but that they tended to select the most mature stands for nesting. A commonality among nesting and foraging stands was the presence of open spaces between the canopy and understory foliage, and between understory and shrub layer foliage. In our study area, these spaces may have served as relatively unobstructed flight paths where foraging and nesting stands possessed stem densities at the tipper end of that reported for goshawk habitat. C1 Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu RI Kennedy, Patricia/I-4902-2015 OI Kennedy, Patricia/0000-0002-2090-1821 NR 59 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1516 EP 1527 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1516:FANHOB]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 028HV UT WOS:000236478700018 ER PT J AU White, CG Schweitzer, SH Moore, CT Parnell, IB Lewis-Weis, LA AF White, CG Schweitzer, SH Moore, CT Parnell, IB Lewis-Weis, LA TI Evaluation of the landscape surrounding northern bobwhite nest sites: A multiscale analysis SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Colinus virginianus; Conservation Reserve Program; Georgia; habitat; land-cover; landscape; multiscale analysis; nest; northern bobwhite ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; WILDLIFE HABITAT; QUAIL ABUNDANCE; IMPACT; TEXAS AB Implementation of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) altered the interspersion and abundance of patches of different land-cover types in landscapes of the southeastern United States. Because northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) are experiencing significant population declines throughout most of their range, including the Southeast, it is critical to understand the impacts of landscape-scale changes in habitat on their reproductive rates. Our objective was to identify components of landscape structure important in predicting nest site selection by bobwhites at different spatial scales in the Upper Coastal Plain of Georgia. We used a Geographic Information System (GIS) and spatial analysis software to calculate metrics of landscape structure near bobwhite nest sites. Logistic regression was used to model the relationship of nest sites to structure within the surrounding landscape at 4 spatial scales. We found that patch density and open-canopy planted pine were consistently important predictor variables at multiple scales, and other variables were important at various scales. The density of different patch types Could be increased by thinning rows of pines in large monotypic stands of closed-canopy planted pine stands. Thinning and creating openings in CRP pine plantations should provide increased nesting opportunities for bobwhites. We interpret the support for other variables in our analysis as an indication that various patch configuration lead to different combinations of landscape structure that provide an acceptable range of habitat conditions for bobwhites. C1 Univ Georgia, USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP White, CG (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 3101 S Powerline Rd, Nampa, ID 83686 USA. EM cwhite@idfg.idaho.gov NR 49 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1528 EP 1537 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1528:EOTLSN]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 028HV UT WOS:000236478700019 ER PT J AU Brown, SC Schulte, S Harrington, B Winn, B Howe, M AF Brown, SC Schulte, S Harrington, B Winn, B Howe, M TI Population size and winter distribution of eastern American oystercatchers SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aerial survey; American oystercatcher; Atlantic Coast; Gulf Coast; Haematopus palliatus palliatus; US Shorebird Conservation Plan; shorebird survey ID ABUNDANCE; CAROLINA AB Conservation of the eastern subspecies of the American oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus palliatus) is a high priority in the U.S. Shorebird Conservation Plan, but previous population estimates were unreliable, information on distribution and habitat associations during winter was incomplete, and methods for long-term monitoring had not been developed prior to this survey. We completed the aerial survey proposed in the U.S. Shorebird Conservation Plan to determine population size, winter distribution, and habitat associations. We conducted coastal aerial surveys from New Jersey to Texas during November 2002 to February 2003. This area comprised the entire wintering range of the eastern American oystercatcher within the United States. Surveys covered all suitable habitat in the United States for the Subspecies, partitioned into 3 survey strata: known roost sites, high-use habitat, and intercoastal tidal habitat. We determined known roost sites from extensive consultation with biologists and local experts in each state. High-use habitat included sand islands, sand spits at inlets, shell rakes, and oyster reefs. Partner organizations conducted ground counts in most states. We used high resolution still photography to determine detection rates for estimates of the number of birds in particular flocks, and we used ground counts to determine detection rates of flocks. Using a combination of ground and aerial counts, we estimated the population of eastern American oystercatchers to be 10,971 +/- 298. Aerial surveys can serve an important management function for shorebirds and possibly other coastal waterbirds by providing population status and trend information across a wide geographic scale. C1 Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Brown, SC (reprint author), Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, POB 1770, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. EM sbrown@manomet.org NR 10 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1538 EP 1545 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1538:PSAWDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 028HV UT WOS:000236478700020 ER PT J AU Dinsmore, SJ White, GC Knopf, FL AF Dinsmore, SJ White, GC Knopf, FL TI Mountain plover population responses to black-tailed prairie dogs in Montana SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Charadrius montanus; Cynomys ludovicianus; Montana; mountain plover; population trend; prairie dog; status ID MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL; SELECTION AB We studied a local population of mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) in southern Phillips County, Montana, USA, from 1995 to 2000 to estimate annual rates of recruitment rate (f) and population change (lambda). We used Pradel models, and we modeled lambda as a constant across years, as a linear time trend, as year-specific, and with an additive effect of area occupied by prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). We modeled recruitment rate (f) as a function of area occupied by prairie dogs with the remaining model structure identical to the best model used to estimate lambda. Our results indicated a strong negative effect of area occupied by prairie dogs on both lambda (slope coefficient on a log scale was -0.11; 95% Cl was -0.17, -0.05) and f (slope coefficient on a logit scale was -0.23; 95% Cl was -0.36, -0.10). We also found good evidence for a negative time trend on lambda; this model had substantial weight (w(i) = 0.31), and the slope coefficient on the linear trend on a log scale was -0.10 (95% Cl was -0.15, -0.05). Yearly estimates of lambda were > 1 in all years except 1999, indicating that the population initially increased and then stabilized in the last year of the study. We found weak evidence for year-specific estimates of lambda; the best model with year-specific estimates had a low weight (w(i) = 0.02), although the pattern of yearly estimates of lambda closely matched those estimated with a linear time trend. In southern Phillips County, the Population trend of mountain plovers closely matched the trend in the area occupied by black-tailed prairie dogs. Black-tailed prairie dogs declined sharply in the mid-1990s in response to an outbreak of sylvatic plague, but their numbers have steadily increased since 1996 in concert with increases in plovers. The results of this study (1) increase Our understanding of the dynamics of this population and how they relate to the area occupied by prairie dogs, and (2) will be useful for planning plover conservation in a prairie dog ecosystem. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Dinsmore, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cootjr@iastate.edu NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1546 EP 1553 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1546:MPPRTB]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 028HV UT WOS:000236478700021 ER PT J AU McAuley, DG Longcore Jr Clugston, DA Allen, RB Weik, A Williamson, S Dunn, J Palmer, B Evans, K Staats, W Sepik, GF Halteman, W AF McAuley, DG Longcore, JR Clugston, DA Allen, RB Weik, A Williamson, S Dunn, J Palmer, B Evans, K Staats, W Sepik, GF Halteman, W TI Effects of hunting on survival of American woodcock in the Northeast SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American woodcock; hunting; Maine; mortality; New Hampshire; Northeast; Pennsylvania; predation; radiotelemetry; survival; Scolopax minor; Vermont ID UNITED-STATES; RATES; TELEMETRY; HABITAT; MAINE AB Numbers of American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) males counted on the annual singing ground survey (SGS) have declined Over the last 35 years at an average rate of 2.3% per year in the Eastern Region and 1.8% per year in the Central Region. Although hunting was not thought to be a cause of these declines, mortality caused by hunters can be controlled. Furthermore, there has been no research on effects of hunting mortality on woodcock Populations at local and regional levels on the breeding grounds. We used radiotelemetry to determine survival rates and causes of mortality for 913 woodcock captured during fall 1997-2000 on 7 areas in Maine, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, and Vermont, USA. Three of 7 sites were closed to hunting. For all sites and all years combined, 176 woodcock died, and 130 were censored, of which 39 were censored mortalities. Predation Was the Major (n = 134, 76%) cause of mortality. Mammals accounted for 56% of the predation, raptors accounted for 25%, and 19% was attributed to unknown predators. On hunted sites, 36% of the total mortality (n = 102) was caused by hunting, 63% by predation, and I bird starved. Kaplan-Meier survival curves did not differ between hunted and non-hunted sites among years (P = 0.46). Overall, point estimates Of survival did not differ (P = 0.217) between hunted (SR = 0.636, SE = 0.04) and nonhunted sites (SR = 0.661, SE = 0.08). We modeled hazard rates from hunting and natural mortality events using program MARK Akaike's Information Criterion supported using a model with common constant hazards from both hunting and natural causes for groups of sites. Groupings of sites for hazard rates from natural causes were not influenced by whether a site Was hunted or not. Models detected no effects of woodcock age and sex (P = 0.52) on survival. Proportional hazards models comparing hunted and nonhunted sites found no effects of age and sex (P = 0.45), interactions of age, sex, capture Weight, and bill length (P >= 0.269). Our data suggest that current hunting regulations are not causing lower survival of woodcock. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. Wildlife Management Inst, N Stratford, NH 03590 USA. Penn Game Comm, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Berlin, NH 03570 USA. New Hampshire Fish & Game Dept, Lancaster, NH 03584 USA. USFWS, Moosehorn NWR, Baring, ME 04694 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Math & Stat, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP McAuley, DG (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 5768 S Annex A, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM dan_mcauley@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1565 EP 1577 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1565:EOHOSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 028HV UT WOS:000236478700023 ER PT J AU Clark, JD van Manen, FT Pelton, MR AF Clark, JD van Manen, FT Pelton, MR TI Bait stations, hard mast, and black bear population growth in Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; bait-station index; black bear; mast; population monitoring; Pradel; southern Appalachian region; trends; Ursus americanus ID MARK-RECAPTURE; RECRUITMENT; MODEL AB Bait station Surveys are used by wildlife managers as an index to American black bear (Ursus americanus) population abundance, but the relationship is not well established. Hard mast surveys are similarly used to assess annual black bear food availability, which may affect mortality and natality rates. We used data collected in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) from 1989 to 2003 to determine whether changes in the bait-station index (Delta BSI) were associated with estimated rates of bear population growth (lambda) and whether hard mast production was related to bear visitation to baits. We also evaluated whether hard mast production from previous years was related to lambda. Estimates of lambda were based on analysis of capture-recapture data with the Pradel temporal symmetry estimator. Using the Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), our analysis revealed no direct relationship between Delta BSI and lambda. A simulation analysis indicated that our data were adequate to detect a relationship had one existed. Model fit was marginally improved when we added total oak mast production of the previous year as an interaction term Suggesting that the BSI was confounded with environmental variables. Consequently, the utility of the bait-station survey its a population monitoring technique is questionable at the spatial and temporal scales we studied. Mast survey data, however, were valuable covariates of lambda. Population growth for a given year was negatively related to oak mast production 4 and 5 years prior. That finding supported our hypothesis that mast failures call trigger reproductive synchrony, which may not be evident front the trapped sample until years later. C1 Univ Tennessee, So Appalachian Field Branch, US Geol Survey, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Clark, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, So Appalachian Field Branch, US Geol Survey, 275 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jclark1@utk.edu NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1633 EP 1640 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1633:BSHMAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 028HV UT WOS:000236478700029 ER PT J AU Lee, DJ Vaughan, MR AF Lee, DJ Vaughan, MR TI Yearling and subadult black bear survival in a hunted Virginia population SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black bear; Cormack-Jolly-Seber; harvest; known fate; MARK; mark-recapture; mortality; subadult; survival; Ursus americanus; yearling ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; MARKED ANIMALS; REPORTING RATES; MODEL SELECTION; TELEMETRY; BIRDS AB Reported survival rates for yearling and subadult bears in hunted black bear (Ursus americanus) populations in North America are scarce. We estimated survival rates Of yearling Mid subadult black bears from a hunted population in western Virginia during 1999-2002. We captured 307 individual yearling and subadult bears oil 2 study sites, and we attached radiotransmitters to 54 (34M:20F) 1-year-old, 52 (23M:29F) 2-year-old, and 35 (8M:27F) 3-year-old black bears. We used the known fate model in program MARK to estimate annual, nonhunting, and hunting season survival for radiomarked bears of each age and sex class. Additionally, we used mark-recapture data in the recaptures only, dead recoveries, and Burnham's combined models within program MARK to estimate survival for each age and sex class. One-, 2-, and 3-year-old female survivorship was 0.87 (95% CI 0.78-0.92), 1-year-old male survivorship was 0.32 (95% CI 0.20-0.47), and 2- and 3-year-old male survivorship was 0.59 (95% Cl 0.47 - 0.71) from the Burnham's combined model. Survival rates for 1-year-old females (chi(2) = 6.20, P = 0.01) and 2-year-old females (chi(2) = 7.74, P = 0.01) were higher than males in each age category, respectively. Hunter harvest accounted for 98% of all subadult bear mortality during our Study. Low yearling and subadult male survival is not likely a cause for alarm due to the importance of adult female survival to population growth and the promiscuous mating system in black bear populations. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Biol Resources Div, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lee, DJ (reprint author), Huntsville Independent Sch Dist, 441 FM 2821 E, Huntsville, TX 77320 USA. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1641 EP 1651 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1641:YASBBS]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 028HV UT WOS:000236478700030 ER PT J AU Gomez, DM Anthony, RG Hayes, JP AF Gomez, DM Anthony, RG Hayes, JP TI Influence of thinning of Douglas-fir forests on population parameters and diet of northern flying squirrels SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; commercial thinning; diets; Glaucomys sabrinus; hypogeous fungi; movements; northern flying squirrels; survival ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; HYPOGEOUS FUNGI; WESTERN OREGON; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; MARKED ANIMALS; SPOROCARPS; PLANTATIONS; STANDS AB We investigated the effects of thinning young (35- to 45-yr-old) Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests on density, survival, body mass, movements, and diets of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) in the northern coast range Of Oregon. We used a repeated measures, randomized block design with 3 treatments (control, moderate thinning, and heavy thinning) and 4 replicates to study diets and population characteristics from 1994-1997. Densities of flying squirrels were variable in space and time, but they were positively correlated to biomass and frequency of fungal sporocarps, Suggesting they were responding to food resources rather than forest structure. Fungal sporocarps comprised a major portion of the squirrel's diet, and Other vegetative material made up the remainder of the diet. Several fungal genera including Gautieria, Geopora, Hymenogaster Hysterangium, Melanogaster, and Rhizopogon were found more frequently in diets than on the trapping g-rids and therefore appeared to be selected by the squirrels. Flying squirrel movements were negatively correlated with the frequency of occurrence of fungal sporocarps at trap Stations, suggesting that squirrels traveled greater distances to find fungal sporocarps where these food items were more sparsely distributed. We hypothesized that flying squirrel densities would be relatively low in these Young, structurally simple forests; however, densities on some of the grids were > 1.5 squirrels/ha, which was comparable to densities described for the species in late-successional forests. Our results indicated that commercial thinning did not have measurable short-term effects on density, survival, or body mass of flying squirrels. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP 1987 SW Prestwick Pl, Bend, OR 97702 USA. EM robert.anthony@oregonstate.edu RI Hayes, John/C-7967-2016 OI Hayes, John/0000-0002-6462-6876 NR 58 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1670 EP 1682 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1670:IOTODF]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 028HV UT WOS:000236478700033 ER PT J AU Gogan, PJP Podruzny, KM Olexa, EM Pac, HI Frey, KL AF Gogan, PJP Podruzny, KM Olexa, EM Pac, HI Frey, KL TI Yellowstone bison fetal development and phenology of parturition SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE bison; Bison bison; Brucella abortus; brucellosis; fetal development; Greater Yellowstone Area; Montana; parturition; synchrony of parturition; Wyoming; Yellowstone National Park ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NATIONAL-PARK; ALASKAN MOOSE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS; AMERICAN BISON; LAMBING PERIOD; LATE PREGNANCY; DALLS SHEEP; BEEF-CATTLE AB Knowledge of Yellowstone bison (Bison bison) parturition patterns allows managers to refine risk assessments and manage to reduce the potential for transmission of brucellosis between bison and cattle. We used historical (1941) and contemporary (1989-2002) weights and morphometric measurements of Yellowstone bison fetuses to describe fetal growth and to predict timing and synchrony of parturition. Our method was supported by agreement between our predicted parturition pattern and observed birth dates for bison that were taken in to captivity while pregnant. The distribution of parturition dates in Yellowstone bison is generally right-skewed with a majority of births in April and May and few births in the following months. Predicted timing of parturition was consistently earlier for bison of Yellowstone's northern herd than central herd. The predicted median parturition date for northern herd bison ill the historical period was 3 to 12 days earlier than for 2 years in the contemporary period, respectively. Median predicted birth dates and birthing synchrony differed within herds and years in the contemporary period. For a single year of paired data, the predicted median birth date for northern herd bison was 14 days earlier than for central herd bison. This difference is coincident with an earlier onset of spring plant growth on the northern range. Our findings permit refinement of the timing of separation between Yellowstone bison and cattle intended to reduce the probability of transmission of brucellosis from bison to cattle. C1 Montana State Univ, USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Gogan, PJP (reprint author), Montana State Univ, USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM peter_gogan@usgs.gov NR 117 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1716 EP 1730 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1716:YBFDAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 028HV UT WOS:000236478700037 ER PT J AU Fraser, JD Keane, SE Buckley, PA AF Fraser, JD Keane, SE Buckley, PA TI Prenesting use of intertidal habitats by piping plovers on South Monomoy Island, Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE beach; Charadrius melodus; foraging; habitat; intertidal; Massachusetts; management; migration; nesting; piping plover; stabilization; tide ID SURVIVAL; ZONATION; ECOLOGY C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Fraser, JD (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM fraser@vt.edu NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1731 EP 1736 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1731:PUOIHB]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 028HV UT WOS:000236478700038 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, KA Elder, NE Hershberger, PK Trainer, VL Stehr, CM Scholz, NL AF Lefebvre, KA Elder, NE Hershberger, PK Trainer, VL Stehr, CM Scholz, NL TI Dissolved saxitoxin causes transient inhibition of sensorimotor function in larval Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRAB ATERGATIS-FLORIDUS; SHELLFISH POISONING TOXINS; SENSITIVE SODIUM-CHANNELS; DOMOIC ACID; DINOFLAGELLATE TOXINS; ZEBRAFISH EMBRYO; FISH; BLOOM; INSENSITIVITY; TETRODOTOXIN AB Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) spawning sites in Puget Sound, Washington overlap spatially and temporally with blooms of Alexandrium catenella, a toxic dinoflagellate species responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning. Consequently, newly hatched herring larvae may be regularly exposed to the suite of dissolved paralytic shellfish toxins that are released into the water column from toxic cells during blooms. To date, virtually nothing is known about the impacts of these neurotoxins on early developmental stages of marine fish. In the present study, herring larvae at three ages, 0 days post hatch (dph), 4 dph, and 11 dph, were exposed to dissolved saxitoxin (STX) in 24-h and multiday exposures. All larvae were examined for sensorimotor function (i.e. spontaneous swimming behavior and touch response). Significant reductions in spontaneous and touch-activated swimming behavior occurred within 1 h of exposure. EC(50)s at 1 h of exposure were 1,500, 840, and 700 mu g STX equiv. l(-1) for larvae introduced to STX at 0, 4, and 11 dph, respectively. This progressive age-specific increase in STX-induced paralysis suggests that older larvae were more sensitive to the toxin than younger larvae. Interestingly, herring larvae at all ages exhibited a significant degree of neurobehavioral recovery within 4-24 h of continuous exposure relative to the 1-h time point. This recovery of normal motor behaviors was not observed in previous studies with freshwater zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae under the same continuous exposure conditions, suggesting that an adaptive detoxification or toxin sequestration mechanism may have evolved in some species of marine fish larvae. Our data reveal that (1) dissolved STX is bioavailable to marine finfish larvae, (2) the toxin is a paralytic agent with potencies that differ between developmental stages, and (3) STX-induced sensorimotor inhibition occurs rapidly but is transient in marine larvae. Collectively, these results suggest that dissolved algal toxins may have important sublethal effects on marine fish populations. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. USGS, Biol Resources Discipline, Marrowstone Marine Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. RP Lefebvre, KA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Kathi.Lefebvre@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 NR 66 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 147 IS 6 BP 1393 EP 1402 DI 10.1007/s00227-005-0048-8 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 988BC UT WOS:000233565400011 ER PT J AU Ost, M Vitikainen, E Waldeck, P Sundstrom, L Lindstrom, K Hollmen, T Franson, JC Kilpi, M AF Ost, M Vitikainen, E Waldeck, P Sundstrom, L Lindstrom, K Hollmen, T Franson, JC Kilpi, M TI Eider females form non-kin brood-rearing coalitions SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body condition; brood amalgamation; direct fitness; kin selection; partner choice; Somateria mollissima ID SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; COMMON EIDER; PARENTAL CARE; RECIPROCAL ALTRUISM; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; KIN SELECTION; GROUP-SIZE; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; COOPERATION AB Kin selection is a powerful tool for understanding cooperation among individuals, yet its role as the sole explanation of cooperative societies has recently been challenged on empirical grounds. These studies suggest that direct benefits of cooperation are often overlooked, and that partner choice may be a widespread mechanism of cooperation. Female eider ducks (Somateria mollissima) may rear broods alone, or they may pool their broods and share brood-rearing. Females are philopatric, and it has been suggested that colonies may largely consist of related females, which could promote interactions among relatives. Alternatively, shared brood care could be random with respect to relatedness, either because brood amalgamations are accidental and nonadaptive, or through group augmentation, assuming that the fitness of all group members increases with group size. We tested these alternatives by measuring the relatedness of co-tending eider females in enduring coalitions with microsatellite markers. Females formed enduring brood-rearing coalitions with each other at random with respect to relatedness. However, based on previous data, partner choice is nonrandom and dependent on female body condition. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying eider communal brood-rearing decisions, which may be driven by the specific ecological conditions under which sociality has evolved in this species. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Dept Zool, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Sealife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Abo Akad Univ, Aronia Res Ctr, FI-10600 Ekenas, Finland. Sydvast Polytech, FI-10600 Ekenas, Finland. RP Ost, M (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, POB 65,Bioctr 3,Viikinkaari 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM markus.ost@helsinki.fi RI Lindstrom, Kai/B-5479-2008; Ost, Markus/C-7376-2008; Sundstrom, Liselotte/G-5080-2010; Vitikainen, Emma/F-2099-2010; OI Lindstrom, Kai/0000-0002-8356-5538; Vitikainen, Emma/0000-0003-3718-0941; Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Sundstrom, Liselotte Bjornsdotter/0000-0002-6176-8940 NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 14 IS 12 BP 3903 EP 3908 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02694.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 968ED UT WOS:000232143800020 PM 16202104 ER PT J AU van Manen, FT Young, JA Thatcher, CA Cass, WB Ulrey, C AF van Manen, FT Young, JA Thatcher, CA Cass, WB Ulrey, C TI Habitat models to assist plant protection efforts in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE habitat analysis; illegal harvest; Mahalanobis distance; medicinal herbs; plant protection ID AMERICAN GINSENG; PRODUCTIVITY; ARALIACEAE; MOUNTAINS; ECOLOGY; INDEX AB During 2002, the National Park Service initiated a demonstration project to develop science-based law enforcement strategies for the protection of at-risk natural resources, including American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.), bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L.), and black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. [syn. Actaea racemosa L.]). Harvest pressure on these species is increasing because of the growing herbal remedy market. We developed habitat models for Shenandoah National Park and the northern portion of the Blue Ridge Parkway to determine the distribution of favorable habitats of these three plant species and to demonstrate the use of that information to support plant protection activities. We compiled locations for the three plant species to delineate favorable habitats with a geographic information system (GIS). We mapped potential habitat quality for each species by calculating a multivariate statistic, Mahalanobis distance, based on GIS layers that characterized the topography, land cover, and geology of the plant locations (10-m resolution). We tested model performance with an independent dataset of plant locations, which indicated a significant relationship between Mahalanobis distance values and species occurrence. We also generated null models by examining the distribution of the Mahalanobis distance values had plants been distributed randomly. For all species, the habitat models performed markedly better than their respective null models. We used our models to direct field searches to the most favorable habitats, resulting in a sizeable number of new plant locations (82 ginseng, 73 bloodroot, and 139 black cohosh locations). The odds of finding new plant locations based on the habitat models were 4.5 (black cohosh) to 12.3 (American ginseng) times greater than random searches; thus, the habitat models can be used to improve the efficiency of plant protection efforts, (e.g., marking of plants, law enforcement activities). The field searches also indicated that the level of occupancy of the most favorable habitats ranged from 49.4% for ginseng to 84.8% for black cohosh. Given the potential threats to these species from illegal harvesting, that information may serve as an important benchmark for future habitat and population assessments. C1 Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Field Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Geol Survey, Aquat Ecol Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Luray, VA 22835 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. RP van Manen, FT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Field Branch, 274 Ellington Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM vanmanen@utk.edu NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 20 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 339 EP 350 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 979KE UT WOS:000232940000004 ER PT J AU Murphy, RK Grant, TA AF Murphy, RK Grant, TA TI Land management history and floristics in mixed-grass prairie, North Dakota, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Bromus inermis Leyss.; invasive species; mixed-grass prairie; Poa pratensis L.; restoration ID BROMUS-INERMIS LEYSS; SMOOTH BROME; GREAT-PLAINS; FESCUE PRAIRIE; POA-PRATENSIS; CONSERVATION; FUTURE; GROWTH; PLANT AB Opportunities for conserving native plant diversity in the northern Great Plains should be found on National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs), but floristics of these areas are largely undocumented. During 1998-2002, we used 25-m belt transects; (n=713) to measure the general floristic makeup of a northern mixed-grass prairie on 4300 ha of glacial drift plain soils at Des Lacs NWR and J. Clark Salyer NWR in North Dakota. These prairies had been managed mainly by rest since the 1930s. For comparative purposes, we also measured about 1200 ha of nearby, privately owned prairies (n=154 transects), which had been annually grazed since at least the mid-1900s. Vegetation dominated by low (< 1.5 m) native shrubs were common on both NWR prairies and on grazed prairies near Des Lacs NWR, occurring roughly in a 1:3 ratio with herbaceous-dominated vegetation. Nearly all prairies were moderately to severely invaded by introduced plant species, mainly smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) on NWRs, and Kentucky bluegrass, almost exclusively, on adjacent grazed prairies. Plant assemblages composed of native species were encountered rarely (3-6%), except they occurred fairly often (16%) on grazed prairie next to J. Clark Salyer NWR. Our study demonstrates pitfalls of managing disturbance-dependent grasslands as relatively static, late-succession systems for many decades, without basic inventory and monitoring to comprehend and address associated ecological changes. A consequence of this course of action on NWR prairies we studied was a hastened invasion by introduced grass species, especially smooth brome. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upham, ND 58789 USA. RP Murphy, RK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. EM bob_murphy@fws.gov NR 45 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 41 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 351 EP 358 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 979KE UT WOS:000232940000005 ER PT J AU Grant, TA Murphy, RK AF Grant, TA Murphy, RK TI Changes in woodland cover on prairie refuges in North Dakota, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aspen parkland; fire suppression; mixed-grass prairie; plant succession; restoration; woodlands ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; FIRE FREQUENCY; GREAT-PLAINS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; PONDEROSA PINE; OAK SAVANNA; INVASION; AMERICA; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION AB Detailed case histories of long-term successional changes in vegetation are crucial for assessing ecological integrity and developing restoration objectives on prairie preserves in North America's northern Great Plains. Such documentation generally is lacking, however. We used aerial photo measurements plus records from land surveyors and other sources to document change in extent of woodland across four National Wildlife Refuges in northern North Dakota during the 1800s and 1900s. Woodlands were rare when Europeans settled the region in the early 1900s, except green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.)-American elm (Ulmus americana L.) woodland occurred within the floodplain of the Souris River, and stunted copses of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)-bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) occurred along fire-protected scarps of sandhills prairie in north central North Dakota. Ash-elm woodland expanded in the Des Lacs and Souris River valleys especially along adjoining, intermittent tributaries (coulees) of the Souris River, mainly during the early- to mid-1900s. During the mid- to late- 1900s, aspen woodland expanded in sandhills of the Souris Lake Plain and in the Missouri Coteau, changing much of the mixed-grass prairie to parkland. With settlement by people of European descent, large herbivores were extirpated from the region and natural and anthropogenic fires were suppressed. These changes are implicated in expansion of woodland into native prairies. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upham, ND 58789 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. RP Grant, TA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upham, ND 58789 USA. EM todd_grant@fws.gov NR 56 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 359 EP 368 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 979KE UT WOS:000232940000006 ER PT J AU Rach, JJ Schreier, T Gaikowski, MP Schleis, SM AF Rach, JJ Schreier, T Gaikowski, MP Schleis, SM TI Efficacy of formalin and hydrogen peroxide to increase survival of channel catfish infected with saprolegniasis SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID WINTER SAPROLEGNIOSIS; FISH; TOXICITY AB The efficacy of formalin and hydrogen peroxide to increase survival associated with external saprolegniasis on fingerlings of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus was evaluated in four laboratory trials. Fungal epizootics were initiated according to procedures developed in a fungal-disease model. Fish were abraded with a dremel tool and then placed in an aerated static infection tank containing fungal-infected hemp seeds held in teaballs that were suspended in 100 L of water for 24 h (trials 1-3) or 6 h (trial 4). In the formalin trials, treatment regimens of 0, 82, and 166 mg/L (trial 1) or 0 and 83 mg/L (trial 2) were administered to channel catfish for 60 min once every other day for a total of three treatments (trial 1) or once daily for a total of seven treatments (trial 2). In the hydrogen peroxide trials, treatment regimens of 0, 75, and 102 mg/L (trial 3) or 0 and 75 mg/L (trial 4) were administered to channel catfish for 60 min once every other day for a total of three treatments. Each treatment regimen was tested in triplicate, with 10 fish per replicate. Formalin exposures of 83 (seven treatments; 33% survival) and 166 mg/L (three treatments; 63% survival) for 60 min significantly (P <= 0.01) increased channel catfish survival in comparison with controls (of which 3% and 13%, respectively, survived). In trial 4, hydrogen peroxide exposure of 75 mg/L (63% survival) for 60 min significantly (P <= 0.01) increased channel catfish survival in comparison with the untreated controls (13% survival). Formalin and hydrogen peroxide treatments were effective in increasing survival in channel catfish infected with fungus. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Rach, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jrach@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 67 IS 4 BP 312 EP 318 DI 10.1577/A04-069.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 982AE UT WOS:000233128300005 ER PT J AU Byerly, MT Fat-Halla, SI Betsill, RK Patino, R AF Byerly, MT Fat-Halla, SI Betsill, RK Patino, R TI Evaluation of short-term exposure to high temperature as a tool to suppress the reproductive development of channel catfish for aquaculture SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID GERM-CELL APOPTOSIS; ODONTESTHES-BONARIENSIS; SEX-DIFFERENTIATION; HEAT-STRESS; CRYPTORCHIDISM; DEFICIENCY; GROWTH; TESTIS; FISHES; WATER AB Short-term exposures to elevated temperatures reduce germ cell numbers in the gonads of some fishes, Suggesting that heat treatment may be a viable method for delaying or suppressing reproductive development in cultured fishes. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of high temperatures on early gonadal development in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Twenty-three-day-old (after hatching) channel catfish were exposed to temperatures of 27 degrees C (control), 34 degrees C, and 36 degrees C for 4 weeks. Groups of 250 fry were placed in individual 152-L glass aquaria with external biofilters. and four replicated aquaria were used per temperature treatment. Water temperature was regulated with submersible heaters. At the end of treatment, body weight and standard length were measured in 30 individuals per aquarium and gonads were examined histologically in 10 individuals of each sex per aquarium. For statistical analysis, the unit of replication was the aquarium, and differences between treatments were considered significant at alpha < 0.05 by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple-range test. Exposure to 34 degrees C reduced oocyte size in ovaries and testicular size (cross-sectional area) and slightly decreased body weight but not standard length. Exposure to 36 degrees C significantly reduced ovarian and testicular size, and 52% of females seemed to lack germ cells and may have been sterilized. However, exposure to 36 degrees C also greatly reduced body growth and caused spinal curvatures and kidney abnormalities, suggesting that 36 degrees C impairs the general health and growth of catfish fry. The results of this study are consistent with the concept that heat treatment can be used to manipulate reproductive development in channel catfish. Further research is needed to establish the appropriate combination of temperature level and treatment duration so as to reduce or eliminate germ cells without adversely affecting somatic growth during the period of treatment. C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Meofyia Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol, Sadat City, Menofyia, Egypt. Heart Hills Res Stn, Inland Fisheries, Texas Pks & Wildlife, Ingram, TX 78025 USA. RP Patino, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 67 IS 4 BP 331 EP 339 DI 10.1577/A05-008.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 982AE UT WOS:000233128300008 ER PT J AU Buchroithner, MF Gruendemann, T Kirk, RL Habermann, K AF Buchroithner, MF Gruendemann, T Kirk, RL Habermann, K TI Three in one: Multiscale hardcopy depiction of the mars surface in true-3D SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; MICROSCOPIC IMAGER; WATER C1 Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Cartog, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Cartog, Helmholtzstr 10, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. EM Manfred.Buchroithner@tu-dresden.de; Thomas.Gruendemann@tu-dresden.de; rkirk@usgs.gov; Klaus.Habermann@tu-dresden.de NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 EI 2374-8079 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1105 EP 1108 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 972TL UT WOS:000232476000001 ER PT J AU Kirk, RL AF Kirk, RL TI Mars SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Kirk, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1111 EP + PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 972TL UT WOS:000232476000002 ER PT J AU Li, RX Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Archinal, BA Bell, J Cheng, Y Crumpler, L Marais, DJD Di, K Ely, TA Golombek, M Graat, E Grant, J Guinn, J Johnson, A Greeley, R Kirk, RL Maimone, M Matthies, LH Malin, M Parker, T Sims, M Soderblom, LA Thompson, S Wang, J Whelley, P Xu, FL AF Li, RX Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Archinal, BA Bell, J Cheng, Y Crumpler, L Marais, DJD Di, K Ely, TA Golombek, M Graat, E Grant, J Guinn, J Johnson, A Greeley, R Kirk, RL Maimone, M Matthies, LH Malin, M Parker, T Sims, M Soderblom, LA Thompson, S Wang, J Whelley, P Xu, FL TI Initial results of rover localization and topographic mapping for the 2003 mars exploration rover mission SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID GUSEV CRATER; ORBITER CAMERA; LANDING SITES; SPIRIT ROVER AB This paper presents the initial results of lander and rover localization and topographic mapping of the MER 2003 mission (by Sol 225 for Spirit and Sol 206 for Opportunity). The Spirit rover has traversed a distance of 3.2 km (actual distance traveled instead of odometry) and Opportunity ut 1.2 km. We localized the landers in the Gusev Crater and on the Meridiani Planum using two-way Doppler radio positioning technology and cartographic triangulations through landmarks visible in both orbital and ground images. Additional high-resolution orbital images were taken to verify the determined lander positions. Visual odometry and bundle-adjustment technologies were applied to overcome wheel slippages, azimuthal angle drift and other navigation errors (as large as 21 percent). We generated timely topographic products including 68 orthophoto mops and 3D Digital Terrain Models, eight horizontal rover traverse maps, vertical traverse profiles up to Sol 214 for Spirit and Sol 62 for Opportunity, and five 3D crater models. A web-based landing-site Geographic Information System (GIS) has been set up at The Ohio State University to update and disseminate the daily localization and topographic information to support tactical and strategic operations of the mission. Also described in this paper are applications of the data for science operations planning, geological traverse survey, survey of wind-related features, and other science applications. The majority of the instruments onboard both rovers are healthy at this moment, and they will continue to explore the two landing sites on the Martian surface. We expect to report further localization and topographic mapping results to be achieved in the rest of the mission period and in post-mission data processing. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. New Mexico Museum Atural Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA USA. RP Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM li282@osu.edu RI Wang, Jue/C-9215-2009; Whelley, Patrick/B-9560-2012 OI Wang, Jue/0000-0002-9901-9996; Whelley, Patrick/0000-0003-3266-9772 NR 34 TC 33 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 EI 2374-8079 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1129 EP 1142 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 972TL UT WOS:000232476000004 ER PT J AU Albertz, J Attwenger, M Barrett, J Casley, S Dorninger, P Dorrer, E Ebner, H Gehrke, S Giese, B Gwinner, K Heipke, C Howington-Kraus, E Kirk, RL Lehmann, H Mayer, H Muller, JP Oberst, J Ostrovskly, A Renter, J Reznik, S Schmidt, R Scholten, F Spiegel, M Stilla, U Wahlisch, M Neukum, G AF Albertz, J Attwenger, M Barrett, J Casley, S Dorninger, P Dorrer, E Ebner, H Gehrke, S Giese, B Gwinner, K Heipke, C Howington-Kraus, E Kirk, RL Lehmann, H Mayer, H Muller, JP Oberst, J Ostrovskly, A Renter, J Reznik, S Schmidt, R Scholten, F Spiegel, M Stilla, U Wahlisch, M Neukum, G CA HRSC Col-Team TI HRSC on Mars Express - Photogrammetric and cartographic research SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MODELS; SHAPE AB The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on the European spacecraft Mars Express is the first camera on a planetary mission especially designed for photogrammetric and cartographic purposes. Since January 2004 the camera has been taking image data from the Martian surface, characterized by high-resolution, stereo capability and color. These data provide an enormous potential for the generation of 3D surface models, color orthoimages, topographic and thematic maps, and additional products. The image data acquired undergo calibration and systematic processing to orthoimages and 3D data products. Within the international HBSC Science Team the members of the Photogrammetric/Cartographic Working Group are concerned with further refinements in order to achieve highest quality data products. These activities comprise improvements of the exterior orientation of the camera, various approaches to enhance DTM quality, and the generation of maps in the standard scale of 1:200 000 and larger scales as well. The paper reports on these activities and the results achieved so far. C1 Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Geodesy & Geoinformat, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. Veinna Univ Technol, Inst Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. UCL, Dept Geomat Engn, London WC1E 6BT, England. Munich Bundeswehr Univ, Inst Photogrammetry & Cartog, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany. Tech Univ Munich, D-80333 Munich, Germany. German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Photogrammetry & GeoInformat, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci Planetol, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. RP Albertz, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Geodesy & Geoinformat, H 12,Str 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. EM albertz@fpk.tu-berlin.de; kk@ipf.tuwien.ac.at; egon.dorrer@unibw-muenchen.de; heipke@ipi.uni-hannover.de; rkirk@usgs.gov; jpmuller@ge.ucl.ac.uk; juergen.oberst@dlr.de; stilla@bv.tum.de; gneukum@zedat.fu-berlin.de RI Stilla, Uwe/H-1534-2011 OI Stilla, Uwe/0000-0002-1184-0924 NR 42 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1153 EP 1166 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 972TL UT WOS:000232476000006 ER PT J AU Kirk, RL Soderblom, LA Cushing, G Tituus, TA AF Kirk, RL Soderblom, LA Cushing, G Tituus, TA TI Joint analysis of visible and infrared images: A "magic airbrush" for qualitative and quantitative topography SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MARS ORBITER CAMERA; MER LANDING SITES; PHOTOCLINOMETRY AB Analysis of data combining daytime visible reflected, daytime IR emitted, and nighttime IR emitted images allows us to isolate the physical effects of topography, albedo, and thermal inertia. To a good approximation, these physical influences interact linearly so that maps showing topographic shading, albedo, and relative thermal inertia can be produced by simple algebraic manipulation of the co-registered images. The shading map resembles an airbrush, shaded relief portrayal of the surface, and can be used as the input for quantitative reconstruction of topography by photoclinometry (shape-from-shading). We demonstrate the method with imagery from the NASA 2001 Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEWS), a dataset that could support mapping most of Mars in this way at 100 m resolution. C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Kirk, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Program, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rkirk@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1167 EP 1178 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 972TL UT WOS:000232476000007 ER PT J AU Rosiek, MR Kirk, RL Archinal, BA Howington-Kraus, E Hare, T Galuszka, D Redding, B AF Rosiek, MR Kirk, RL Archinal, BA Howington-Kraus, E Hare, T Galuszka, D Redding, B TI Utility of Viking Orbiter images and products for Mars mapping SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CAMERA; NETWORK AB This paper reports on mapping procedures developed by the U.S. Geological Survey that use Viking Orbiter imagery and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) derived radii to produce topographic data. The use of Mosaiced Digital Image Models (MDIMs), created from Viking Orbiter images, and MOLA data to provide horizontal and vertical control is reviewed. We describe procedures to adapt a commercial digital photogrammetric workstation to work with planetary data. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. RP Rosiek, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. EM mrosiek@usgs.gov OI Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X NR 51 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1187 EP 1195 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 972TL UT WOS:000232476000009 ER PT J AU Gibson, CA Meyer, JL Poff, NL Hay, LE Georgakakos, A AF Gibson, CA Meyer, JL Poff, NL Hay, LE Georgakakos, A TI Flow regime alterations under changing climate in two river basins: Implications for freshwater ecosystems SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate change; freshwater ecosystems; flow regimes; river; ecological integrity; Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration ID UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CHANGE SCENARIOS; NEURAL-NETWORK; MODEL; GCM; MOUNTAINS; IMPACTS; STREAMS; OUTPUT AB We examined impacts of future climate scenarios on flow regimes and how predicted changes might affect river ecosystems. We examined two case studies: Cle Elum River, Washington, and Chattahoochee-Apalachicola River Basin, Georgia and Florida. These rivers had available downscaled global circulation model (GCM) data and allowed us to analyse the effects of future climate scenarios on rivers with (1) different hydrographs, (2) high future water demands, and (3) a river-floodplain system. We compared observed flow regimes to those predicted under future climate scenarios to describe the extent and type of changes predicted to occur. Daily stream flow under future climate scenarios was created by either statistically downscaling GCMs (Cle Elum) or creating a regression model between climatological parameters predicted from GCMs and stream flow (Chattahoochee-Apalachicola). Flow regimes were examined for changes from current conditions with respect to ecologically relevant features including the magnitude and timing of minimum and maximum flows. The Cie Elum's hydrograph under future climate scenarios showed a dramatic shift in the timing of peak flows and lower low flow of a longer duration. These changes could mean higher summer water temperatures, lower summer dissolved oxygen, and reduced survival of larval fishes. The Chattahoochee-Apalachicola basin is heavily impacted by dams and water withdrawals for human consumption; therefore, we made comparisons between pre-large dam conditions, current conditions, current conditions with future demand, and future climate scenarios with future demand to separate climate change effects and other anthropogenic impacts. Dam construction, future climate, and future demand decreased the flow variability of the river. In addition, minimum flows were lower under future climate scenarios. These changes could decrease the connectivity of the channel and the floodplain, decrease habitat availability, and potentially lower the ability of the river to assimilate wastewater treatment plant effluent. Our study illustrates the types of changes that river ecosystems might experience under future climates. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Gibson, CA (reprint author), Darrin Freshwater Inst, 5060 Lake Shore Dr, Bolton Landing, NY 12814 USA. EM gibson.cathy@gmail.com RI Poff, Nathan/C-1239-2009 NR 48 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 11 U2 52 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 21 IS 8 BP 849 EP 864 DI 10.1002/rra.855 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 977FK UT WOS:000232787900001 ER PT J AU Stromberg, JC Bagstad, KJ Leenhouts, JM Lite, SJ Makings, E AF Stromberg, JC Bagstad, KJ Leenhouts, JM Lite, SJ Makings, E TI Effects of stream flow intermittency on riparian vegetation of a semiarid region river (San Pedro River, Arizona) SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Cynodon dactylon; ground water; herbaceous vegetation; intermittent stream; instream flow; introduced species; riparian; riverine marsh; semiarid; temporary stream ID EASTERN SIERRA-NEVADA; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; WATER; RESPONSES; REGIMES; ECOSYSTEMS; FLOODPLAIN; PATTERNS; DESERT AB The San Pedro River in the southwestern United States retains a natural flood regime and has several reaches with perennial stream flow and shallow ground water. However, much of the river flows intermittently. Urbanization-linked declines in regional ground-water levels have raised concerns over the future status of the riverine ecosystem in some parts of the river, while restoration-linked decreases in agricultural ground-water pumping are expected to increase stream flows in other parts. This study describes the response of the streamside herbaceous vegetation to changes in stream flow permanence. During the early summer dry season, streamside, herbaceous cover and species richness declined continuously across spatial gradients of flow permanence, and composition shifted from hydric to mesic species at sites with more intermittent flow. Hydrologic threshold values were evident for one plant functional group: Schoenoplectus acutus, Juncus torreyi, and other hydric riparian plants declined sharply in cover with loss of perennial stream flow. In contrast, cover of mesic riparian perennials (including Cynodon dactylon, an introduced species) increased at sites with intermittent flow. Patterns of hydric and mesic riparian annuals varied by season: in the early summer dry season their cover declined continuously as flow became more intermittent, while in the late summer wet season their cover increased as the flow became more intermittent. Periodic drought at the intermittent sites may increase opportunities for establishment of these annuals during the monsoonal flood season. During the late summer flood season. stream flow was present at most sites, and fewer vegetation traits were correlated with flow permanence; cover and richness were correlated with other environmental factors including site elevation and substrate nitrate level and particle size. Although perennial-flow and intermittent-flow sites support different streamside plant communities, all of the plant functional groups are abundant at perennial-flow sites when viewing the ecosystem at broader spatial and temporal scales: mesic riparian perennials are common in the floodplain zone adjacent to the river channel and late-summer hydric and mesic annuals are periodically abundant after large floods. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Montgomery Watson Harza, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Stromberg, JC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jstrom@asu.edu NR 60 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 21 IS 8 BP 925 EP 938 DI 10.1002/rra.858 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 977FK UT WOS:000232787900006 ER PT J AU Jackson, NL Nordstrom, KF Smith, DR AF Jackson, NL Nordstrom, KF Smith, DR TI Influence of waves and horseshoe crab spawning on beach morphology and sediment grain-size characteristics on a sandy estuarine beach SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioturbation; Delaware Bay; foreshore; gravel; horseshoe crab; sediment activation ID LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS; MIXING-DEPTHS; BEHAVIOR; ENERGY; WATER AB The effects of wave action and horseshoe crab spawning on the topography and grain-size characteristics on the foreshore of an estuarine sand beach in Delaware Bay, New Jersey, USA were evaluated using data collected over six consecutive high tides. Data were gathered inside and outside a 25 m long exclosure constructed to create a control area free of disturbance by crabs. The density of crabs in the swash zone outside the exclosure was 8.1 organisms m(-2). The maximum depth of sediment activation on the upper foreshore where spawning occurred was 0.103 m during periods characterized by low significant wave heights: < 0.08 m. This depth is greater than the depth of activation by waves alone during moderate significant wave heights of 0.16-0.18 m but less than the maximum depth (0.127 m) recorded when spawning occurred during periods of moderate wave heights. Spawning, combined with moderate wave heights, creates a concave upper foreshore that is similar to the type of profile change that occurs during storms, thus lowering the wave-energy threshold for morphological response. Spawning during low wave heights increases the mean grain size and sorting of surface sediments caused by the addition of gravel to the swash. Sedimentological differences are most pronounced on the upper foreshore, and data from this location may be most useful when using grain-size characteristics to interpret the effect of spawning in the sedimentary record. Depths of sediment reworking by horseshoe crabs can be greater than those by subsequent storm waves, so evidence of spawning can be preserved on non-eroding beaches. Greater depth of activation by horseshoe crab spawning than by waves alone, even during moderate-energy conditions, reveals the importance of crab burrowing in releasing eggs to the water column and making them available for shore birds. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08904 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Jackson, NL (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM jacksonn@njit.edu NR 38 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1097 EP 1108 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00725.x PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA 961QJ UT WOS:000231676600010 ER PT J AU Topping, DJ Rubin, DM Schmidt, JC AF Topping, DJ Rubin, DM Schmidt, JC TI Regulation of sand transport in the Colorado River by changes in the surface grain size of eddy sandbars over multi-year timescales SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colorado River; grain size; sand bars; sediment transport; suspended sediment ID GRAND-CANYON; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; RECIRCULATING FLOW; SUPPLY LIMITATION; EVOLUTION; ARIZONA AB In settings where the transport of sand is partially or fully supply limited, changes in the upstream supply of sand are coupled to changes in the grain size of sand on the bed. In this manner, the transport of sand under the supply-limited case is ' grain-size regulated '. Since the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, the downstream reach of the Colorado River in Marble and Grand Canyons has exhibited evidence of sand-supply limitation. Sand transport in the river is now approximately equally regulated by changes in the discharge of water and changes in the grain sizes of sand on the channel bed and eddy sandbars. Previous work has shown that changes in the grain size of sand on the bed of the channel (driven by changes in the upstream supply of sand owing to both tributary floods and high dam releases) are important in regulating sand transport over timescales of days to months. In this study, suspended-sand data are analysed in conjunction with bed grain-size data to determine whether changes in the grain size of sand on the bed of the channel or changes in the grain size of sand on the surface of eddy sandbars have been more important in regulating sand transport in the post-dam Colorado River over longer, multi-year timescales. The results of this study show that this combined theory- and field-based approach can be used to deduce which environments in a complicated setting are the most important environments for regulating sediment transport. In the case of the regulated Colorado River in Marble and Upper Grand Canyons, suspended-sand transport has been regulated mostly by changes in the surface grain size of eddy sandbars. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Eart Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Topping, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dtopping@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1133 EP 1153 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00738.x PG 21 WC Geology SC Geology GA 961QJ UT WOS:000231676600013 ER PT J AU Klemm, V Levasseur, S Frank, M Hein, JR Halliday, AN AF Klemm, V Levasseur, S Frank, M Hein, JR Halliday, AN TI Osmium isotope stratigraphy of a marine ferromanganese crust SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Fe-Mn crusts; osmium isotopes; stratigraphy; central Pacific ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PACIFIC SEAMOUNT AREAS; MANGANESE NODULES; DEEP-WATER; SEA-WATER; METALLIFEROUS CARBONATES; OS-187/OS-186 RATIO; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; GROWTH-RATES; SEAWATER AB Ferromanganese crusts provide records of long term change in ocean circulation and continental weathering. However, calibrating their age prior to 10 Ma has been entirely based on empirical growth rate models using Co concentrations, which have inherently large uncertainties and fail to detect hiatuses and erosional events. We present a new method for dating these crusts by measuring their osmium (Os) isotope record and matching it to the well-known marine Os isotope evolution of the past 80 Ma. The well-characterised crust CD29-2 from the central Pacific, was believed to define a record of paleooceanographic change from 50 Ma. Previous growth rate estimates based on the Co method are consistent with the new Os isotope stratigraphy but the dating was grossly inaccurate due to long hiatuses that are now detectable. The new chronology shows that it in fact started growing prior to 70 Ma in the late Cretaceous and stopped growing or was eroded between 13.5 and 47 Ma. With this new technique it is now possible to exploit the full potential of the oceanographic and climatic records stored in Fe-Mn crusts. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ETH, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Isotope Geochem & Mineral Resources, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Klemm, V (reprint author), ETH, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Isotope Geochem & Mineral Resources, Sonneggstr 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM bolz@erdw.ethz.ch NR 45 TC 58 Z9 68 U1 6 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2005 VL 238 IS 1-2 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.07.016 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 975SA UT WOS:000232681000004 ER PT J AU Belchansky, GI Douglas, DC Platonov, NG AF Belchansky, GI Douglas, DC Platonov, NG TI Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of Arctic sea ice SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; MOTION AB Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of Arctic sea ice are investigated using a new reverse-chronology algorithm that tracks ice-covered pixels to their location and date of origin based on ice motion and concentration data. The Beaufort Gyre tends to harbor the oldest (>10 years old) sea ice in the western Arctic while direct ice advection pathways toward the Transpolar Drift Stream maintain relatively young (<= 5 years) ice in the eastern Arctic. Persistent net losses (-4.2% yr(-1)) in extent of ice >10 years old (10+ year age class) were observed during 1989-2003. Since the mid-1990s, losses to the 10+ year age class lacked compensation by recruitment due to a prior depletion of all mature (6-10 year) age classes. Survival of the 1994 and 1996-1998 sea ice generations reestablished most mature age classes, and thereby the potential to increase extent of the 10+ year age class during the mid-2000s. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol, Moscow 119071, Russia. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau Field Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. EM belchans@eimb.ru; david_douglas@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 18 AR L18504 DI 10.1029/2005GL023976 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 971PA UT WOS:000232395200006 ER PT J AU Chen, XX Vierling, L Deering, D AF Chen, XX Vierling, L Deering, D TI A simple and effective radiometric correction method to improve landscape change detection across sensors and across time SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE relative radiometric normalization; post-fire chronosequence; boreal forest; temporally invariant cluster; leaf area index; enhanced vegetation index; normalized difference vegetation index; reduced simple ratio; landscape detection ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; VEGETATION INDEXES; LAND-COVER; TM IMAGES; NORMALIZATION; FORESTS; MODIS; SENSITIVITY; REGRESSION; CANOPY AB Satellite data offer unrivaled utility in monitoring and quantifying large scale land cover change over time. Radiometric consistency among collocated multi-temporal imagery is difficult to maintain, however, due to variations in sensor characteristics, atmospheric conditions, solar angle, and sensor view angle that can obscure surface change detection. To detect accurate landscape change using multitemporal images, we developed a variation of the pseudoinvariant feature (PIF) normalization scheme: the temporally invariant cluster (TIC) method. Image data were acquired on June 9, 1990 (Landsat 4), June 20, 2000 (Landsat 7), and August 26, 2001 (Landsat 7) to analyze boreal forests near the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and reduced simple ratio (RSR). The temporally invariant cluster (TIC) centers were identified via a point density map of collocated pixel VIs from the base image and the target image, and a normalization regression line was created to intersect all TIC centers. Target image VI values were then recalculated using the regression function so that these two images could be compared using the resulting common radiometric scale. We found that EVI was very indicative of vegetation structure because of its sensitivity to shadowing effects and could thus be used to separate conifer forests from deciduous forests and grass/crop lands. Conversely, because NDVI reduced the radiometric influence of shadow, it did not allow for distinctions among these vegetation types. After normalization, correlations of NDVI and EVI with forest leaf area index (LAI) field measurements combined for 2000 and 2001 were significantly improved; the r(2) values in these regressions rose from 0.49 to 0.69 and from 0.46 to 0.61, respectively. An EVI "cancellation effect" where EVI was positively related to understory greenness but negatively related to forest canopy coverage was evident across a post fire chrono sequence with normalized data. These findings indicate that the TIC method provides a simple, effective and repeatable method to create radiometrically comparable data sets for remote detection of landscape change. Compared to some previous relative radiometric normalization methods, this new method does not require high level programming and statistical skills, yet remains sensitive to landscape changes occurring over seasonal and inter-annual time scales. In addition, the TIC method maintains sensitivity to subtle changes in vegetation phenology and enables normalization even when invariant features are rare. While this normalization method allowed detection of a range of land use, land cover, and phenological/biophysical changes in the Siberian boreal forest region studied here, it is necessary to further examine images representing a wide variety of ecoregions to thoroughly evaluate the TIC method against other normalization schemes. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Inst Atmospher Sci, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chen, XX (reprint author), USGS Natl Ctr Earth Observ & Sci, SAIC, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xtichen@usgs.gov; leev@uidaho.edu; Donald.W.Deering@nasa.gov RI Vierling, Lee/E-6428-2010 OI Vierling, Lee/0000-0001-5344-1983 NR 40 TC 86 Z9 101 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 30 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 BP 63 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.05.021 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 970SM UT WOS:000232329900005 ER PT J AU Wright, SA Schoellhamer, DH AF Wright, SA Schoellhamer, DH TI Estimating sediment budgets at the interface between rivers and estuaries with application to the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; SEINE ESTUARY; AUSTRALIA; WATER; BAY; EVOLUTION; MATTER AB [1] Where rivers encounter estuaries, a transition zone develops where riverine and tidal processes both affect sediment transport processes. One such transition zone is the Sacramento - San Joaquin River Delta, a large, complex system where several rivers meet to form an estuary ( San Francisco Bay). Herein we present the results of a detailed sediment budget for this river/estuary transitional system. The primary regional goal of the study was to measure sediment transport rates and pathways in the delta in support of ecosystem restoration efforts. In addition to achieving this regional goal, the study has produced general methods to collect, edit, and analyze ( including error analysis) sediment transport data at the interface of rivers and estuaries. Estimating sediment budgets for these systems is difficult because of the mixed nature of riverine versus tidal transport processes, the different timescales of transport in fluvial and tidal environments, and the sheer complexity and size of systems such as the Sacramento - San Joaquin River Delta. Sediment budgets also require error estimates in order to assess whether differences in inflows and outflows, which could be small compared to overall fluxes, are indeed distinguishable from zero. Over the 4 year period of this study, water years 1999 - 2002, 6.6 +/- 0.9 Mt of sediment entered the delta and 2.2 +/- 0.7 Mt exited, resulting in 4.4 +/- 1.1 Mt (67 +/- 17%) of deposition. The estimated deposition rate corresponding to this mass of sediment compares favorably with measured inorganic sediment accumulation on vegetated wetlands in the delta. C1 US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM sawright@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 29 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 9 AR W09428 DI 10.1029/2004WR003753 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 973HY UT WOS:000232514700002 ER PT J AU Fieberg, J Jenkins, KJ AF Fieberg, J Jenkins, KJ TI Assessing uncertainty in ecological systems using global sensitivity analyses: a case example of simulated wolf reintroduction effects on elk SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE compensatory mortality; density dependence; elk; Olympic National Park; predator-prey dynamics; Sobol' sensitivity index; sensitivity analysis; uncertainty; wolf ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; POPULATION VIABILITY; ELASTICITY ANALYSIS; MATRIX MODELS; PREDATION; PREY; WOLVES; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT AB Often landmark conservation decisions are made despite an incomplete knowledge of system behavior and inexact predictions of how complex ecosystems will respond to management actions. For example, predicting the feasibility and likely effects of restoring top-level carnivores such as the gray wolf (Canis lupus) to North American wilderness areas is hampered by incomplete knowledge of the predator-prey system processes and properties. In such cases, global sensitivity measures, such as Sobol' indices, allow one to quantify the effect of these uncertainties on model predictions. Sobol' indices are calculated by decomposing the variance in model predictions (due to parameter uncertainty) into main effects of model parameters and their higher order interactions. Model parameters with large sensitivity indices can then be identified for further study in order to improve predictive capabilities. Here, we illustrate the use of Sobol' sensitivity indices to examine the effect of parameter uncertainty on the predicted decline of elk (Cervus elaphus) population sizes following a hypothetical reintroduction of wolves to Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. The strength of density dependence acting on survival of adult elk and magnitude of predation were the most influential factors controlling elk population size following a simulated wolf reintroduction. In particular, the form of density dependence in natural survival rates and the per-capita predation rate together accounted for over 90% of variation in simulated elk population trends. Additional research on wolf predation rates on elk and natural compensations in prey populations is needed to reliably predict the outcome of predator-prey system behavior following wolf reintroductions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Biomath Grad Program, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Olymp Field Stn, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP Fieberg, J (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Res Unit, 5463-CW Broadway, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. EM john.Fieberg@dnr.state.mn.us NR 75 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 25 PY 2005 VL 187 IS 2-3 BP 259 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.042 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 969WR UT WOS:000232266900009 ER PT J AU Wiens, DA Pozgay, SH Shore, PJ Sauter, AW White, RA AF Wiens, DA Pozgay, SH Shore, PJ Sauter, AW White, RA TI Tilt recorded by a portable broadband seismograph: The 2003 eruption of Anatahan Volcano, Mariana Islands SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION; STROMBOLI AB The horizontal components of broadband seismographs are highly sensitive to tilt, suggesting that commonly deployed portable broadband seismic sensors may record important tilt information associated with volcanic eruptions. We report on a tilt episode that coincides with the first historical eruption of Anatahan volcano on May 10, 2003. The tilt was recorded by a Strekheisen STS-2 seismograph deployed in an underground insulated chamber 7 km west of the active vent. An ultra-long period signal with a dominant period of several hours was recorded on the E-W component beginning at 06:20 GMT on May 10, which coincides with the onset of continuous volcano-tectonic (VT) seismicity and is one hour prior to the eruption time estimated by the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center. The signal is much smaller on the N-S component and absent on the vertical component, suggesting it results from tilt that is approximately radial with respect to the active vent. An estimate of tilt as a function of time is recovered by deconvolving the record to acceleration and dividing by the acceleration of gravity. The record indicates an initial episode of tilt downward away from the volcanic center from 06:20-09:30 GMT, which we interpret as inflation of the shallow volcanic source. The tilt reverses, recording deflation, from 09:30 until 17:50, after which the tilt signal becomes insignificant. The inflation corresponds to a period of numerous VT events, whereas fewer events were recorded during the deflation episode, and the VT events subsequently resumed after the end of the deflationary tilt. The maximum tilt of 2 microradians can be used to estimate the volume of the source inflation (similar to 2 million m 3), assuming a simple Mogi source model. These calculations are consistent with other estimates of source volume if reasonable source depths are assumed. Examination of broadband records of other eruptions may disclose further previously unrecognized tilt signals. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wiens, DA (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM doug@seismo.wustl.edu NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 24 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 18 AR L18305 DI 10.1029/2005GL023369 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 968QR UT WOS:000232177700003 ER PT J AU Enzmann, PJ Kurath, G Fichtner, D Bergmann, SM AF Enzmann, PJ Kurath, G Fichtner, D Bergmann, SM TI Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus: monophyletic origin of European isolates from North American Genogroup M SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; European strains; molecular epidemiology; IHNV groups ID FISH RHABDOVIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN; AQUACULTURE; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE AB Infectious hematopoietic necrosis Virus (IHNV) was first detected in Europe in 1987 in France and Italy, and later, in 1992, in Germany. The source of the virus and the route of introduction are unknown. The present study investigates the molecular epidemiology of IHNV outbreaks in Germany since its first introduction. The complete nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein (G) and nonvirion (NV) genes from 9 IHNV isolates from Germany have been determined, and this has allowed the identification of characteristic differences between these isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of partial G gene sequences (mid-G, 303 nucleotides) from North American IHNV isolates (Kurath et al, 2003) has revealed 3 major genogroups, designated U, M and L. Using this gene region with 2 different North American IHNV data sets, it was possible to group the European IHNV strains within the M genogroup, but not in any previously defined subgroup. Analysis of the full length G gene sequences indicated that an independent evolution of IHN viruses had occurred in Europe. IHN viruses in Europe seem to be of a monophyletic origin, again most closely related to North American isolates in the M genogroup. Analysis of the NV gene sequences also showed the European isolates to be monophyletic, but resolution of the 3 genogroups was poor with this gene region. As a result of comparative sequence analyses, several different genotypes have been identified circulating in Europe. C1 Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Friedrich Loeffler Inst, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Friedrich Loeffler Inst, D-17493 Insel Riems, Germany. RP Enzmann, PJ (reprint author), Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Paul Ehrlich Str 28, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. EM peter-joachim.enzmann@fli.bund.de NR 21 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD SEP 23 PY 2005 VL 66 IS 3 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.3354/dao066187 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 990AY UT WOS:000233716800002 PM 16261933 ER PT J AU Durham, WB McKinnon, WB Stern, LA AF Durham, WB McKinnon, WB Stern, LA TI Cold compaction of water ice SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITES; MIXTURES; KINETICS; PHYSICS AB Hydrostatic compaction of granulated water ice was measured in laboratory experiments at temperatures 77 K to 120 K. We performed step-wise hydrostatic pressurization tests on 5 samples to maximum pressures P of 150 MPa, using relatively tight (0.18-0.25 mm) and broad (0.25-2.0 mm) starting grain-size distributions. Compaction change of volume is highly nonlinear in P, typical for brittle, granular materials. No time-dependent creep occurred on the lab time scale. Significant residual porosity (similar to 0.10) remains even at highest P. Examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals a random configuration of fractures and broad distribution of grain sizes, again consistent with brittle behavior. Residual porosity appears as smaller, well-supported micropores between ice fragments. Over the interior pressures found in smaller midsize icy satellites and Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs), substantial porosity can be sustained over solar system history in the absence of significant heating and resultant sintering. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Durham, WB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM durham1@llnl.gov NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 18 AR L18202 DI 10.1029/2005GL023484 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 968QO UT WOS:000232177400004 ER PT J AU O'Neel, S Pfeffer, WT Krimmel, R Meier, M AF O'Neel, S Pfeffer, WT Krimmel, R Meier, M TI Evolving force balance at Columbia Glacier, Alaska, during its rapid retreat SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID TIDEWATER GLACIERS; SUBGLACIAL WATER; ICE; FLOW; ANTARCTICA; VELOCITY; BUDGET; MODEL; USA AB Changes in driving and resistive stresses play an essential role in governing the buoyancy forces that are important controls on the speed and irreversibility of tidewater glacier retreats. We describe changes in geometry, velocity, and strain rate and present a top-down force balance analysis performed over the lower reach of Columbia Glacier. Our analysis uses new measurements and estimates of basal topography and photogrammetric surface velocity measurements made between 1977 and 2001, while assuming depth-independent strain. Sensitivity tests show that the method is robust and insensitive to small changes in the calculation parameters. Spatial distributions of ice speed show little correspondence with driving stress. Instead, spatial patterns of ice speed exhibit a nonlinear correspondence with basal drag. Primary resistance to flow comes from basal drag, but lateral drag becomes increasingly more important throughout the retreat, which may account for observed increases in speed. Maximum basal drag is always located in a prominent constriction located similar to 12 km upstream from the preretreat terminus. Once the terminus retreated into deep water off the terminal moraine marking the modern maximum extent, the upstream location of this maximum basal drag helped to promote thinning and decrease effective pressure in the lower region by limiting replenishing ice flow from upstream. An increase in both ice velocity and calving resulted, initiating what appears to be an irreversible retreat. C1 Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Krimmel, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, 1560 30th St,Camous Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM shad@colorado.edu NR 40 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD SEP 20 PY 2005 VL 110 IS F3 AR F03012 DI 10.1029/2005JF000292 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 968RN UT WOS:000232180000001 ER PT J AU Kaushal, SS Groffman, PM Likens, GE Belt, KT Stack, WP Kelly, VR Band, LE Fisher, GT AF Kaushal, SS Groffman, PM Likens, GE Belt, KT Stack, WP Kelly, VR Band, LE Fisher, GT TI Increased salinization of fresh water in the northeastern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE impervious surfaces; land use change ID ROAD-SALT; DEICING SALT; MOHAWK RIVER; NEW-YORK; LAKE; RESPONSES; SALINITY; CHLORIDE; SODIUM; BASIN AB Chloride concentrations are increasing at a rate that threatens the availability of fresh water in the northeastern United States. Increases in roadways and deicer use are now salinizing fresh waters, degrading habitat for aquatic organisms, and impacting large supplies of drinking water for humans throughout the region. We observed chloride concentrations of up to 25% of the concentration of seawater in streams of Maryland, New York, and New Hampshire during winters, and chloride concentrations remaining up to 100 times greater than unimpacted forest streams during summers. Mean annual chloride concentration increased as a function of impervious surface and exceeded tolerance for freshwater life in suburban and urban watersheds. our analysis shows that if salinity were to continue to increase at its present rate due to changes in impervious surface coverage and current management practices, many surface waters in the northeastern United States would not be potable for human consumption and would become toxic to freshwater life within the next century. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. Baltimore Dept Publ Works, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. RP Kaushal, SS (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB Route 44A, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM likensg@ecostudies.org RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013 OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189 NR 32 TC 270 Z9 285 U1 16 U2 144 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 20 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 38 BP 13517 EP 13520 DI 10.1073/pnas.0506414102 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 967TW UT WOS:000232115100031 PM 16157871 ER PT J AU Zhang, RY Yang, JS Wooden, JL Liou, JG Li, TF AF Zhang, RY Yang, JS Wooden, JL Liou, JG Li, TF TI U-PbSHRIMP geochronology of zircon in garnet peridotite from the Sulu UHP terrane, China: Implications for mantle metasomatism and subduction-zone UHP metamorphism SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE U-PbSHRIMP geochronology; garnet peridotite; UHP metamorphism; Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling project; mantle metasomatism ID ULTRAHIGH-PRESSURE METAMORPHISM; COESITE-BEARING ZIRCON; EASTERN CHINA; PHLOGOPITE-PERIDOTITE; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; MINERAL INCLUSIONS; DABIE MOUNTAINS; SOUTHERN ALPS; IVREA ZONE; CLINOPYROXENE AB We studied the Zhimafang ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHP) peridotite from pre-pilot drill hole PP-I of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling project in the Sulu UHP terrane, eastern China. The peridotite occurs as lens within quartofelds-pathic gneiss, and has an assemblage of Ol + Opx + Cpx + Phl + Ti-clinohumite (Ti-Chu) + Grt (or chromite) +/- magnesite (Mgs). Zircons were separated from cores at depths of 152 m (C24, garnet lhezolite), 160 m (C27, strongly retrograded phlogopite-rich peridotite) and 225 m (C50, banded peridotite), and were dated by SHRIMP mass spectrometer. Isometric zircons without inherited cores contain inclusions of olivine (Fo(91-92)), enstatite (En(91-92)), Ti-clinohumite, diopside, phlogopite and apatite. The enstatite inclusions have low Al(2)O(3) contents of only 0.04-0.13 wt.%, indicating a UHP metamorphic origin. The weighted mean (206)Pb/(238)U zircon age for garnet lherzolite (C24) is 221 +/- 3 Ma, and a discordia lower intercept age for peridotite (C50) is 220 +/- 2 Ma. These ages are Within error and represent the time of subduction-zone UHP metamorphism. A younger lower intercept age of 212 +/- 3 Ma for a foliated wehrlite (C27) was probably caused by Pb loss during retrograde metamorphism. The source of zirconium may be partially attributed to melt/fluid metasomatism within the mantle wedge. Geochronological and geochemical data confirm that the mantle-derived Zhimafang garnet peridotites (probably the most representative type of Sulu garnet peridotites) were tectonically inserted into a subducting crustal slab and subjected to in situ Triassic subduction-zone UHP metamorphism. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, New York, NY 10003 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Zhang, RY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zhang@pangea.stanford.edu NR 53 TC 94 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 237 IS 3-4 BP 729 EP 743 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.07.003 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 968IJ UT WOS:000232155200029 ER PT J AU Verplanck, PL Taylor, HE Nordstrom, DK Barber, LB AF Verplanck, PL Taylor, HE Nordstrom, DK Barber, LB TI Aqueous stability of gadolinium in surface waters receiving sewage treatment plant effluent, Boulder Creek, Colorado SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; ANTHROPOGENIC GD; IONIC-STRENGTH; ICP-MS; PHARMACEUTICALS; RIVER; STREAMS; COMPLEXATION; CONTAMINANTS; CONSTANTS AB In many surface waters, sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent is a substantial source of both regulated and unregulated contaminants, including a suite of complex organic compounds derived from household chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and industrial and medical byproducts. In addition, STP effluents in some urban areas have also been shown to have a positive gadolinium (Gd) anomaly in the rare earth element (REE) pattern, with the Gd derived from its use in medical facilities. REE concentrations are relatively easy to measure compared to many organic wastewater compounds and may provide a more widely utilized tracer of STP effluents. To evaluate whether sewage treatment plant-associated Gd is a useful tracer of treatment plant effluent, an investigation of the occurrence, fate, and transport of rare earth elements was undertaken. The rare earth element patterns of four of five STP effluents sampled display positive Gd anomalies. The one site that did not have a Gd anomaly serves a small community, population 1200, with no medical facilities. Biosolids from a large metropolitan STP are not enriched in Gd even though the effluent is, suggesting that a substantial fraction of Gd remains in the aqueous phase through routine treatment plant operation. To evaluate whether STP-derived Gd persists in the fluvial environment, a 14-km study reach downstream of an STP was sampled. Gadolinium anomalies were present at all five downstream sites, but the magnitude of the anomaly decreased. Effluent from STPs is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic constituents, and to better understand the chemical interactions and their effect on REES, the aqueous speciation was modeled using comprehensive chemical analyses of water samples collected downstream of STP input. These calculations suggest that the REES will likely remain dissolved because phosphate and carbonate complexes dominate over free REE ions. This study supports the application of Gd anomalies as a useful tracer of urban wastewater. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Verplanck, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM plv@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 18 BP 6923 EP 6929 DI 10.1021/es048456u PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965HR UT WOS:000231941700007 PM 16201612 ER PT J AU Missildine, BR Peters, RJ Chin-Leo, G Houck, D AF Missildine, BR Peters, RJ Chin-Leo, G Houck, D TI Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) returning to coastal and Puget Sound hatcheries of Washington State SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTUARY; RATIOS; WILD AB Identifying the source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is the first step to eliminating contamination within anadromous salmonids and other aquatic species. We evaluated PCB concentrations in the muscle tissue of 4-year old Puget Sound and coastal hatchery Chinook salmon in an effort to identify potential locations where contamination occurs. Ten muscle samples were taken from each of two Puget Sound hatcheries and two coastal hatcheries in Washington State to determine PCB concentrations. Two technical mixtures of PCBs, Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260, were measured in the tissue samples collected. Aroclor 1254 was detected in all samples, while Aroclor 1260 was detected in 16 of 40 samples. Generalized linear modeling (GLM) was used to evaluate the influence of region (Puget Sound and coast), hatchery, sex, fish length, and percent lipids on PCB concentrations. Twenty different GLMs representing multiple null hypotheses were ranked using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Six of the 20 models evaluated had substantial support for being the best model to describe PCB concentrations in Chinook salmon. The six models with substantial support were region and lipids; region; hatchery and lipid; region and sex; region, sex, and lipids; and region and length. Region appears to be the most influential variable explaining the variation in PCB concentrations in Chinook salmon in the Pacific Northwest. PCB concentrations in Chinook salmon muscle tissue from Puget Sound hatcheries were significantly greater (mean 49.26 mu g/kg wet weight and standard deviation 40.55 mu g/kg) than those from coastal hatcheries (mean 17.41 mu g/kg wet weight and standard deviation 6.8 mu g/kg). Our results suggest that some contamination likely occurs in the Pacific Ocean. However, a larger source likely exists within Puget Sound or along the migratory route of Puget Sound Chinook salmon. The observation of PCBs in Chinook salmon also has important implications for human health and salmon carcass supplementation. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. Evergreen State Coll, Masters Environm Studies Program, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. King Cty Dept Nat Resources & Pk, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Missildine, BR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 510 Desmond Dr, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. EM brian_missildine@fws.gov NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 18 BP 6944 EP 6951 DI 10.1021/es0506408 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965HR UT WOS:000231941700010 PM 16201615 ER PT J AU Burns, D Vitvar, T McDonnell, J Hassett, J Duncan, J Kendall, C AF Burns, D Vitvar, T McDonnell, J Hassett, J Duncan, J Kendall, C TI Effects of suburban development on runoff generation in the Croton River basin, New York, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrology; runoff; groundwater; suburban development; wetland ID AREA; URBANIZATION; WATERSHEDS; FOREST; TIMES AB The effects of impervious area, septic leach-field effluent, and a riparian wetland on runoff generation were studied in three small (0.38-0.56 km(2)) headwater catchments that represent a range of suburban development (high density residential, medium density residential, and undeveloped) within the Croton River basin, 70 km north of New York City. Precipitation, stream discharge, and groundwater levels were monitored at 10-30 min intervals for 1 year, and stream water and groundwater samples were collected biweekly for delta(18)O, NO3- and SO42- analysis for more than 2 years during an overlapping period in 2000-2002. Data from 27 storms confirmed that peak magnitudes increased and recession time decreased with increasing development, but lags in peak arrival and peak discharge/mean discharge were greatest in the medium density residential catchment, which contains a wetland in which storm runoff is retained before entering the stream. Baseflow during a dry period from Aug. 2001-Feb. 2002 was greatest in the high-density residential catchment, presumably from the discharge of septic effluent through the shallow groundwater system and into the stream. In contrast, moderate flows during a wet period from Mar.-Aug. 2002 were greatest in the undeveloped catchment, possibly as a result of greater subsurface storage or greater hydraulic conductivity at this site. The mean residence time of baseflow was about 30 weeks at all three catchments, indicating that human influence was insufficient to greatly affect the groundwater recharge and discharge properties that determine catchment residence time. These results suggest that while suburban development and its associated impervious surfaces and storm drains accelerate the transport of storm runoff into streams, the combined effects of remnant natural landscape features such as wetlands and human alterations such as deep groundwater supply and septic systems can change the expected effects of human development on storm runoff and groundwater recharge. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Burns, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM daburns@usgs.gov RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009 NR 36 TC 108 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 311 IS 1-4 BP 266 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.01.022 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 968PN UT WOS:000232174600020 ER PT J AU Cisternas, M Atwater, BF Torrejon, F Sawai, Y Machuca, G Lagos, M Eipert, A Youlton, C Salgado, I Kamataki, T Shishikura, M Rajendran, CP Malik, JK Rizal, Y Husni, M AF Cisternas, M Atwater, BF Torrejon, F Sawai, Y Machuca, G Lagos, M Eipert, A Youlton, C Salgado, I Kamataki, T Shishikura, M Rajendran, CP Malik, JK Rizal, Y Husni, M TI Predecessors of the giant 1960 Chile earthquake SO NATURE LA English DT Article AB It is commonly thought that the longer the time since last earthquake, the larger the next earthquake's slip will be. But this logical predictor of earthquake size(1), unsuccessful for large earthquakes on a strike-slip fault(2), fails also with the giant 1960 Chile earthquake of magnitude 9.5 (ref. 3). Although the time since the preceding earthquake spanned 123 years (refs 4, 5), the estimated slip in 1960, which occurred on a fault between the Nazca and South American tectonic plates, equalled 250 - 350 years' worth of the plate motion(3,6-10). Thus the average interval between such giant earthquakes on this fault should span several centuries(3,9,10). Here we present evidence that such long intervals were indeed typical of the last two millennia. We use buried soils and sand layers as records of tectonic subsidence and tsunami inundation at an estuary midway along the 1960 rupture. In these records, the 1960 earthquake ended a recurrence interval that had begun almost four centuries before, with an earthquake documented by Spanish conquistadors in 1575. Two later earthquakes, in 1737 and 1837, produced little if any subsidence or tsunami at the estuary and they therefore probably left the fault partly loaded with accumulated plate motion that the 1960 earthquake then expended. C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Fac Agron, Quillota, Chile. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Concepcion, Ctr EULA Chile, Concepcion, Chile. Univ Concepcion, Dept Ciencias Hist & Sociales, Concepcion, Chile. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Geol Survey Japan, Act Fault Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. Pontificia Univ Catolica Santiago, Inst Geog, Santiago, Chile. NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Ctr Earth Sci Studies, Thiruvananthapuram 69603, Kerala, India. Indian Inst Technol, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. Inst Technol, Dept Geol, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. Meteorol & Geophys Agcy Indonesia, Potential Geophys Div, Jakarta 10720, Indonesia. RP Cisternas, M (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Fac Agron, Casilla 4-D, Quillota, Chile. EM marco.cisternas@ucv.cl RI Rajendran, CP/F-4424-2012; Sawai, Yuki /D-3216-2013; OI Rajendran, CP/0000-0002-1477-7705; Sawai, Yuki /0000-0001-7015-4361; Youlton, Cristian/0000-0002-2369-6990 NR 22 TC 250 Z9 253 U1 17 U2 65 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 437 IS 7057 BP 404 EP 407 DI 10.1038/nature03943 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 964AS UT WOS:000231849100052 PM 16163355 ER PT J AU An, YJ Kampbell, DH Jeong, SW Jewell, KP Masoner, JR AF An, YJ Kampbell, DH Jeong, SW Jewell, KP Masoner, JR TI Impact of geochemical stressors on shallow groundwater quality SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; WATER AB Groundwater monitoring wells (about 70 wells) were extensively installed in 28 sites surrounding Lake Texoma, located on the border of Oklahoma and Texas, to assess the impact of geochemical stressors to shallow groundwater quality. The monitoring wells were classified into three groups (residential area, agricultural area, and oil field area) depending on their land uses. During a 2-year period from 1999 to 2001 the monitoring wells were sampled every 3 months on a seasonal basis. Water quality assay consisted of 25 parameters including field parameters, nutrients, major ions, and trace elements. Occurrence and level of inorganics in groundwater samples were related to the land use and temporal change. Groundwater of the agricultural area showed lower levels of ferrous iron and nitrate than the residential area. The summer season data revealed more distinct differences in inorganic profiles of the two land use groundwater samples. There is a possible trend that nitrate concentrations in groundwater increased as the proportions of cultivated area increased. Water-soluble ferrous iron occurred primarily in water samples with a low dissolved oxygen concentration and/or a negative redox potential. The presence of brine waste in shallow groundwater was detected by chloride and conductivity in oil field area. Dissolved trace metals and volatile organic carbons were not in a form of concentration to be stressors. This study showed that the quality of shallow ground water could be related to regional geochemical stressors surrounding the take. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Konkuk Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Seoul 143701, South Korea. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Kunsan Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Kunsan 573701, South Korea. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. RP An, YJ (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 1 Hwayang Dong, Seoul 143701, South Korea. EM anyjoo@konkuk.ac.kr NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 348 IS 1-3 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.072 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 972OE UT WOS:000232462300020 PM 16162329 ER PT J AU Murray, JR Segall, P AF Murray, JR Segall, P TI Spatiotemporal evolution of a transient slip event on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID 2-COLOR GEODIMETER MEASUREMENTS; SUBDUCTION ZONE; HALF-SPACE; REPEATING EARTHQUAKES; TENSILE FAULTS; GPS DATA; DEFORMATION; STRAIN; SHEAR; MICROEARTHQUAKES AB [1] In 1993 several baselines of the two-color electronic distance meter (EDM) network at Parkfield, California, deviated from their long-term rates, coincident with anomalous observations from nearby strain meters and a creep meter, as well as an increase in microseismicity. Between October 1992 and December 1994, three M similar to 4.5 earthquakes occurred beneath Middle Mountain, near the hypocenter of the 1934 and 1966 Parkfield M6 events. We analyzed the two-color EDM data using a Kalman-filtering based technique to image the spatiotemporal evolution of slip on the fault at Parkfield between the mid-1980s and 2003. This method accounts for localized random walk motion of the geodetic monuments and a prominent seasonal signal that affects many baselines. We find that a slip rate increase occurred between January 1993 and July 1996 on the upper 8 km of the fault near Middle Mountain. The peak estimated slip rate during this time was 49 mm/yr, which exceeds the long-term geologic rate of similar to 35 mm/yr. The slip rate evolution appears episodic, with an initial modest increase after the M4.3 earthquake and a much larger jump following the shallower M4.7 event in December 1994. This temporal correlation between inferred slip and seismicity suggests that the moderate earthquakes triggered the aseismic fault slip. The EDM data cannot resolve whether transient slip propagated across the nucleation zone of the 1934 and 1966 M6 Parkfield earthquakes. However, transient slip and its associated stress release in the hypocentral area of previous Parkfield events is consistent with the nucleation of the 2004 M6 Parkfield earthquake elsewhere on the fault. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrmurray@usgs.gov; segall@pangea.stanford.edu NR 42 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 14 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B9 AR B09407 DI 10.1029/2005JB003651 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 967SP UT WOS:000232111800003 ER PT J AU Hayes, MC Rubin, SP Hensleigh, JE Reisenbichler, RR Wetzel, LA AF Hayes, MC Rubin, SP Hensleigh, JE Reisenbichler, RR Wetzel, LA TI Performance of juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) produced from untreated and cryopreserved milt SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE cryopreservation; steelhead; Oncorhynchus mykiss; rearing performance ID CATFISH CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; DISEASE RESISTANCE; VIBRIO-ANGUILLARUM; STRESS RESPONSES; IMMUNE FUNCTION; NORTHERN PIKE; COHO SALMON; SPERM AB Despite the expanding use of milt cryopreservation in aquaculture, the performance of fish produced from this technique has not been fully explored beyond initial reariug stages. We compared the performance of juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss produced from untreated (UM) and cryopreserved milt (CM) and reared for 4-9 months. For the 1996 brood, CM alevins were heavier (similar to 1.7%, P < 0.01) than UM alevins and length was influenced by a significant milt-by-family interaction (P < 0.03) suggesting a greater treatment effect for some families. No significant differences were found in length or weight (P > 0.05) for 1997 brood alevins and percent yolk was similar for both broods (P > 0.34). In growth and survival experiment I (GSE-I, 1996), UM and CM juveniles reared in separate tanks and fed to satiation (130 days) showed no significant differences in survival, length or weight (P>0.05) between milt groups. In contrast, for UM and CM siblings reared in the same tank for 2 10 days on a low food ration (GSE-II), survival was similar (P>0.05), but length (UM 4%>CM, P<0.05) and possibly weight (UM 15%>CM, P=0.08), were influenced by cryopreservation. Fish from the 1997 brood (GSE-III) were reared for 313 days in a repeat of GSE-II and no differences were found in survival (P=0.47), length (P=0.75) or weight (P=0.76) suggesting considerable heterogeneity between broods. Performance of the 1996 brood was also tested for response to stress and a disease challenge. Cortisol responses of juveniles exposed to acute stress were not significantly different (P=0.19), but mean cortisol was consistently and significantly greater (P<0.01) for CM than UM fish exposed to a 48-h stress (increased density). After exposure to three dosages of the bacteria, Listonella anguillarum, we found similar mortality proportions (P=0.72) for UM and CM fish. Variable juvenile performance for the parameters tested indicated significant differences among broods and families and suggests a cautionary approach to the widespread use of cryopreservation for steelhead. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hayes, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mhayes@usgs.gov OI HAYES, MICHAEL/0000-0002-9060-0565 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 12 PY 2005 VL 249 IS 1-4 BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.035 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 962WW UT WOS:000231765000028 ER PT J AU Clark, RW Henderson-Arzapalo, A Sullivan, CV AF Clark, RW Henderson-Arzapalo, A Sullivan, CV TI Disparate effects of constant and annually-cycling daylength and water temperature on reproductive maturation of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE striped bass (Morone saxatilis); photoperiod; water temperature; reproduction ID FINAL OOCYTE MATURATION; ENDOCRINE REGULATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; VITELLOGENIN SYNTHESIS; PRIMARY CULTURES; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; SALMO-SALAR; WHITE BASS; IN-VITRO AB Adult striped bass (Morone saxatilis) were exposed to various combinations of constant or anually-cycling daylength and water temperature. Constant conditions (15 h days, 18 degrees C) were those normally experienced at spawning and cycling conditions simulated natural changes at Chesapeake Bay latitude. Females exposed to constant long (15 h) days and cycling water temperature (TEMPERATURE group) had blood plasma levels of sex steroids (testosterone [T] and estradiol-17 beta [E-2]) and vitellogernin (Vg), and profiles of oocyte growth, that were nearly identical to those of females held under a natural photothermal cycle (CONTROL group). Several fish from these two groups were induced to spawn fertile eggs. Females constantly exposed to warm water (18 degrees C), with or without a natural photoperiod cycle (PHOTOPERIOD and STATIC groups, respectively), had diminished circulating levels of gonadal steroid hormones and Vg, impaired deposition of yolk granules in their ooplasm, and decreased oocyte growth, and they underwent premature ovarian atresia. Males exposed to cycling water temperature (CONTROL and TEMPERATURE groups) spermiated synchronously during the natural breeding season, at which time they also had had high plasma androgen (T and 11-ketotestosterone [11-KTI) levels. The timing of spermiation was highly asynchronous among males in groups of fish held constantly at 18 degrees C (STATIC and PHOTOPERIOD groups) and this asynchrony was associated with diminished plasma androgen levels. Termination of spermiation by males exposed to cycling water temperature coincided with a sharp decline in levels of plasma androgens about a month after water temperature rose above 18 degrees C. In contrast, most males held constantly at 18 degrees C sustained intermediate levels of plasma androgens and spermiated until the end of the study in late July. The annual cycle of water temperature clearly plays a prominent role in the initiation, maintenance, and termination of the striped bass reproductive cycle. In females, a decrease in water temperature below values experienced at spawning appears to be required for vitellogenesis and oocyte growth to proceed normally. Constant exposure of males to spawning temperature disrupts synchronous spermiation but also delays testicular regression, which may be useful for spawning fish after the natural reproductive season. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Geol Survey, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Sullivan, CV (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM craig_sullivan@ncsu.edu RI Sullivan, Craig/B-3863-2014 OI Sullivan, Craig/0000-0002-3609-9458 NR 56 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 12 PY 2005 VL 249 IS 1-4 BP 497 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.200.04.001 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 962WW UT WOS:000231765000048 ER PT J AU Yue, YJ Graham, SA Ritts, BD Wooden, JL AF Yue, YJ Graham, SA Ritts, BD Wooden, JL TI Detrital zircon provenance evidence for large-scale extrusion along the Altyn Tagh fault SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Altyn Tagh fault; Northern Tibet; magnitude of displacement; lateral extrusion; cross-fault sediment/source match; detrital zircon geochronology ID LATE CENOZOIC DEFORMATION; WESTERN HAIYUAN FAULT; APATITE FISSION-TRACK; EASTERN QILIAN SHAN; TIBETAN PLATEAU; NORTHEASTERN MARGIN; NORTHWEST CHINA; AUTONOMOUS REGION; SLIP RATE; EVOLUTION AB The question of whether or not the Altyn Tagh fault is a large-scale extrusion boundary is critical for understanding the role of lateral extrusion in accommodating the Indo-Asian convergence and in building the Tibetan Plateau. Oligocene conglomerate clasts in the eastern Xorkol basin are low-grade slate, phyllite, sandstone, dacite and carbonate, and associated paleocurrent indicators evince sediment derivation from the opposing side of the Altyn Tagh fault. Matching these clasts with similar basement rocks in the North Qilian and Tuolainanshan terranes requires post-Oligocene left-lateral offset of 380 +/- 60 km on the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault, suggesting large-scale extrusion along the fault in the Cenozoic (Yue, Y.J., Ritts, B.D., Graham, S.A., 2001b. Initiation and long-term slip history of the Altyn Tagh fault. International Geological Review 43, 1087-1094.). In order to further define this piercing point, the detrital zircon pattern of Oligocene sandstone from the Xorkol basin and the zircon ages of basement on the southern side of the fault were established by ion microprobe dating. Characterized by strong peaks between 850 and 950 Ma and the absence of Paleozoic and Mesozoic ages, the detrital zircon age pattern of the Oligocene sandstone matches the age distribution of zircon-bearing rocks of the Tuolainanshan terrane. This match requires 360 +/- 40 km of post-Oligocene left-lateral displacement on the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault, supporting as well as refining the previously reported lithology-based cross-fault match. At least one of the following three extrusion scenarios must have existed to accommodate this large offset: (1) northeastward extrusion along the Altyn Tagh-Alxa-East Mongolia fault, (2) eastward extrusion along the Altyn Tagh-North Qilian-Haiyuan fault, and (3) northeastward extrusion of northern Tibet as a Himalaya-scale thrust sheet along the North Qilian-Haiyuan fault. We prefer the first scenario inasmuch as rapidly growing evidence for Cenozoic strike-slip activity on the Alxa-East Mongolia fault and mid-Miocene exhumation of northern Tibet supports it. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 90425 USA. RP Yue, YJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM yongjun@pangea.stanford.edu NR 57 TC 46 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD SEP 9 PY 2005 VL 406 IS 3-4 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2005.05.023 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 969ML UT WOS:000232238200002 ER PT J AU Smith-Vaniz, WF AF Smith-Vaniz, WF TI Petroscirtes pylei, a new saber-toothed blenny from the Fiji Islands (Teleostei : Blenniidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Blenniidae; taxonomy; new species; deep-reef; Indo-West Pacific; Fiji Islands ID FISHES AB Petroscirtes pylei is described from three specimens, 20.3-40.9 mm SL, obtained from a deep-water reef off Suva, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. It is distinguished from all other congeners by its color pattern, including the presence of two dark body stripes, the lower one broadly extending onto the anal fin, and the dorsal fin with a broad, dark basal stripe, superimposed by a conspicuous white spot centered on the 4th spine. Among Petroscirtes, only the new species and P. springeri typically have 12 dorsal-fin spines but they are not closely related. The holotype was collected in 104-110 m, the second deepest depth record for a species of Petroscirtes. Discovery of this new species, and an apparently second new deep-water Petroscrites (uncollected), at a different Fijian reef indicates that our knowledge of the biodiversity of this habitat and of the saber-toothed blennies is very incomplete. C1 US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Smith-Vaniz, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM bill_smith-vaniz@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 8 PY 2005 IS 1046 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 962ES UT WOS:000231714400003 ER PT J AU Pease, V Hillhouse, JW Wells, RE AF Pease, V Hillhouse, JW Wells, RE TI Paleomagnetic quantification of upper-plate deformation during Miocene detachment faulting in the Mohave Mountains, Arizona SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE detachment faults; extension; Mohave Mountains; paleomagnetism; tectonics.; general or miscellaneous; paleomagnetism applied to tectonics : regional; global; continental tectonics : extensional ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEXES; WEST-CENTRAL ARIZONA; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; RANGE PROVINCE; CENTRAL NEVADA; DATA BEARING; EVOLUTION; BASIN; EXTENSION; VOLCANISM AB Paleomagnetic data from Miocene (similar to 20 Ma) volcanic rocks and dikes of west central Arizona reveal the tilt history of Proterozoic crystalline rocks in the hanging wall of the Chemehuevi-Whipple Mountains detachment fault. We obtained magnetization data from dikes and flows in two structural blocks encompassing Crossman Peak and Standard Wash in the Mohave Mountains. In the Crossman block the dike swarm records two components of primary magnetization: (1) CNH, a normal polarity, high-unblocking-temperature or high-coercivity component (inclination, I = 48.5 degrees, declination, D = 6.4 degrees), and (2) CRHm, a reversed polarity, high-temperature or high-coercivity component (I = -33.6 degrees, D = 197.5 degrees). Argon age spectra imply that the dikes have not been reheated above 300 degrees C since their emplacement, and a baked-contact test suggests that the magnetization is likely to be Miocene in age. CRHm deviates from the expected direction of the Miocene axial dipole field and is best explained as a result of progressive tilting about the strike of the overlying andesite flows. These data suggest that the Crossman block was tilted 60 degrees to the southwest prior to intrusion of the vertical dike swarm, and the block continued to tilt during a magnetic field reversal to normal polarity (CNH). Miocene dikes in the Crossman block are roughly coplanar, so the younger dikes with normal polarity magnetization intruded along planes of weakness parallel to the earlier reversed polarity swarm. An alternative explanation involves CNH magnetization being acquired later during hydrothermal alteration associated with the final stages of dike emplacement. In the Standard Wash block, the primary component of magnetization is a dual-polarity, high-temperature or high-coercivity component (SWHl, I = 7.2 degrees, D = 0.7 degrees). To produce agreement between the expected Miocene magnetic direction and the SWH component requires (1) correcting for a 56 degrees tilt about the strike of flow bedding and (2) removing a counterclockwise vertical-axis rotation of 20 degrees. The two rotations restore the Standard Wash dikes to vertical, make parallel the dike layering in the Crossman and Standard Wash blocks, and align the strikes of bedding in both blocks. Geologic mapping, geochemical evidence, and paleomagnetic data are consistent with the upper plate of the Mohave Mountains having tilted in response to formation of the underlying detachment fault. C1 Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol & Geochem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pease, V (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol & Geochem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM vicky.pease@geo.su.se; jhillhouse@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD SEP 7 PY 2005 VL 6 AR Q09004 DI 10.1029/2005GC000972 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 963ST UT WOS:000231826900003 ER PT J AU Rogers, R Fricke, H Koenig, A Dwyer, C Harwood, C Williams, J AF Rogers, Raymond Fricke, Henry Koenig, Alan Dwyer, Christopher Harwood, Cara Williams, Josephine TI A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIAGENESIS IN FOSSIL BONES AND TEETH: A CASE STUDY FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS TWO MEDICINE AND JUDITH RIVER FORMATIONS OF MONTANA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rogers, Raymond; Dwyer, Christopher; Harwood, Cara; Williams, Josephine] Macalester Coll, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Fricke, Henry] Colorado Coll, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. [Koenig, Alan] Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 7 PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 106A EP 106A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V05MU UT WOS:000207130900409 ER PT J AU Burkhardt, MR Zaugg, SD Burbank, TL Olson, MC Iverson, JL AF Burkhardt, MR Zaugg, SD Burbank, TL Olson, MC Iverson, JL TI Pressurized liquid extraction using water/isopropanol coupled with solid-phase extraction cleanup for semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and alkylated PAH homolog groups in sediment SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; pressurized liquid extraction; solid-phase extraction; sediment ID SUBCRITICAL WATER EXTRACTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS; SOIL; POLLUTANTS; INDUSTRIAL; BEHAVIOR; SLUDGES AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are recognized as environmentally relevant for their potential adverse effects on human and ecosystem health. This paper describes a method to determine the distribution of PAH and alkylated homolog groups in sediment samples. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), coupled with solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup, was developed to decrease sample preparation time, to reduce solvent consumption, and to minimize background interferences for full-scan GC-MS analysis. Recoveries from spiked Ottawa sand, environmental stream sediment, and commercially available topsoil, fortified at 1.5-15 mu g per compound, averaged 94.6 +/- 7.8%, 90.7 +/- 5.8% and 92.8 +/- 12.8%, respectively. Initial method detection limits for single-component compounds ranged from 20 to 302 mu g/kg, based on 25 g samples. Results from 28 environmental sediment samples, excluding homologs, show 35 of 41 compounds (85.4%) were detected in at least one sample with concentrations ranging from 20 to 100,000 mu g/kg. The most frequently detected compound, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, was detected in 23 of the 28 (82%) environmental samples with a concentration ranging from 15 to 907 mu g/kg. The results from the 28 environmental sediment samples for the homolog series showed that 27 of 28 (96%) samples had at least one homolog series present at concentrations ranging from 20 to 89,000 mu g/kg. The most frequently detected homolog series, C-2-alkylated naphthalene, was detected in 26 of the 28 (93%) environmental samples with a concentration ranging from 25 to 3900 mu g/kg. Results for a standard reference material using dichloromethane Soxhlet-based extraction also are compared. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Burkhardt, MR (reprint author), Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Water Qual Lab, Methods Res & Dev, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mrburk@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD SEP 6 PY 2005 VL 549 IS 1-2 BP 104 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2005.06.032 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 960HU UT WOS:000231582000016 ER PT J AU Ikeya, N Kamiya, T Cronin, TM AF Ikeya, N Kamiya, T Cronin, TM TI Earth environments and dynamics of Ostracoda SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Shizuoka Univ, Dept Biol & Geosci, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. Kanazawa Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. USGS Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ikeya, N (reprint author), Shizuoka Univ, Dept Biol & Geosci, Ohya 836, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. EM ikeya@trust.ocn.ne.jp NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD SEP 5 PY 2005 VL 225 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.oalaeo.2005.03.056 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 965AU UT WOS:000231922900001 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM Kamiya, T Dwyer, GS Belkin, H Vann, CD Schwede, S Wagner, R AF Cronin, TM Kamiya, T Dwyer, GS Belkin, H Vann, CD Schwede, S Wagner, R TI Ecology and shell chemistry of Loxoconcha matagordensis SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Ostracoda (ISO 2001) CY 2001 CL Shizuoka, JAPAN DE ostracoda; shell chemistry; ecology ID WATER TEMPERATURE; LATE QUATERNARY; OSTRACODA; VARIABILITY; MAGNESIUM; PLIOCENE; BAY AB Studies of the seasonal ecology and shell chemistry of the ostracode Loxoconcha matagordensis and related species of Loxoconcha from regions off eastern North America reveal that shell size and trace elemental (Mg/Ca ratio) composition are useful in paleothermornetry using fossil populations. Seasonal sampling of populations from Chesapeake Bay, augmented by samples from Florida Bay, indicate that shell size is inversely proportional to water temperature and that Mg/Ca ratios are positively correlated with the water temperature in which the adult carapace was secreted. Microprobe analyses of sectioned valves reveal intra-shell variability in Mg/Ca ratios but this does not strongly influence the utility of whole shell Mg/Ca analyses for paleoclimate application. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Kanazawa Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920, Japan. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD SEP 5 PY 2005 VL 225 IS 1-4 BP 14 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.05.022 PG 54 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 965AU UT WOS:000231922900003 ER PT J AU Dinehart, RL Burau, JR AF Dinehart, RL Burau, JR TI Averaged indicators of secondary flow in repeated acoustic Doppler current profiler crossings of bends SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION; OPEN-CHANNEL FLOWS; SAND-BED RIVER; TURBULENT-FLOW; POINT-BAR; VELOCITY; DUNES; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; MEANDER AB [1] Cross-stream velocity was measured in a large river bend at high spatial resolution over three separate survey episodes. A suite of methods for resolving cross-stream velocity distributions was tested on data collected using acoustic Doppler current profilers ( ADCP) in the sand-bedded Sacramento River, California. The bend was surveyed with repeated ADCP crossings at eight cross sections during a rising limb of high discharge in February 2004 and twice on recession in March 2004. By translating and interpolating repeated ADCP crossings to planar grids, velocity ensembles at similar positions along irregular boat paths could be averaged. The averaging minimized turbulent fluctuations in streamwise velocities over 1 m/s, enabling the resolution of weaker cross-stream velocities ( similar to 15 - 30 cm/s). Secondary-flow influence on suspended sediment was inferred from a lateral region of acoustic backscatter intensity aligned with outward flow over the point bar. A near-bed decrease in backscatter intensity across the pool corresponded with inward cross-stream flow. These suspension indicators were used to orient averaged velocity grids for unambiguously defining the cross-stream velocity magnitudes. Additional field investigations could test whether the correlation between cross-stream velocity and backscatter intensity patterns results from helical recirculation of suspended sediment to the inside of the bend. These river measurements, consistent with classic and recent laboratory studies, show that ADCP surveys can provide refined views of secondary flow and sediment movement in large rivers. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Dinehart, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM rldine@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 3 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 9 AR W09405 DI 10.1029/2005WR004050 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 962KJ UT WOS:000231730100002 ER PT J AU Gotte, SW Wilson, LD AF Gotte, SW Wilson, LD TI Commentary on the type material of Tantilla gracilis Baird and Girard, 1853 and Tantilla nigriceps Kennicott, 1860 (Reptilia : Squamata), with a neotype designation for T-nigriceps SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate that USNM 2040 and not UMMZ 3781 (originally part of lot USNM 4500) was most likely the holotype of Tantilla gracilis. The type specimens of Tantilla nigriceps have been lost or destroyed. It is not possible to determine from the original description of Tantilla nigriceps if this name represents what is currently known as T. nigriceps or T. hobartsmithi. In order to attribute the name T. nigriceps firmly to the species as currently recognized, we designate a neotype. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Miami Dade Coll, Dept Biol, Miami, FL 33176 USA. RP Gotte, SW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Steve_Gotte@usgs.gov; lwilson@mdc.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD SEP 2 PY 2005 VL 118 IS 3 BP 596 EP 604 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2005)118[596:COTTMO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 962RO UT WOS:000231750100016 ER PT J AU Magoon, LB Hudson, TL Peters, KE AF Magoon, LB Hudson, TL Peters, KE TI Egret-Hibernia(!), a significant petroleum system, northern Grand Banks area, offshore eastern Canada SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID JEANNE-DARC-BASIN; OIL SOURCE-ROCK; EGRET MEMBER; NEWFOUNDLAND; HIBERNIA; GEOCHEMISTRY; GENERATION; MIGRATION; HISTORY; FIELD AB Egret-Hibernia(!) is a well-explored petroleum system (3.25 billion barrels oil equivalent [BOE]) located in the Jeanne d'Arc Basin on the Labrador-Newfoundland shelf. Rifting and sediment fill began in the Late Triassic. Egret source rock was deposited in the Late Jurassic at about 153 Ma. After this time, alternating reservoir rock and seal rock were deposited with some syndepositional faulting. By the end of the Early Cretaceous faults and folds had formed nu, merous structural traps. For the next 100 m.y., overburden rock thermally matured the source rock when it reached almost 4 km (2.5 mi) burial depth. For 2 km (1.25 mi) below this depth, oil and gas were expelled, until the source was depleted. The expelled petroleum migrated updip to nearby faulted, anticlinal traps, where much of it migrated across faults and upsection to the Hibernia Formation (44% recoverable oil) and Avalon Formation (28%). Accumulation size decreased, and gas content increased from west to cast, independent of trap size. These changes correspond to a decrease in source rock richness and quality from west to east. Almost all (96%) of the discovered petroleum resides in the Lower Cretaceous or older reservoir rock units All accumulations. found to date are normally pressured in structural traps. Fifty-two exploration wells found eighteen discoveries. Their size ranges from 1.2 to 0.01 billion BOE. Most discoveries were made between 1979 and 1991. The discovery cycle began with larger accumulations and progressed to smaller accumulations. The estimated sizes of the larger accumulations have grown since 1990. Estimated mean value for undiscovered hydrocarbons is 3.8 billion BOE, thereby raising the ultimate size of Egret-Hibernia(!) to 6.19 billion BOE. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Appl Geol Inc, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Magoon, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 969, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lmagoon@usgs.gov; ageology@olypen.com; kpeters@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 89 IS 9 BP 1203 EP 1237 DI 10.1306/05040504115 PG 35 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 963MT UT WOS:000231809100005 ER PT J AU Landa, ER Fairchild, MD AF Landa, ER Fairchild, MD TI Charting color from the eye of the beholder SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article AB A century ago, artist Albert Henry Munsell quantified colors based on how theyappear to people; specializations of his system are still in wide scientific use. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Munsell Color Sci Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Landa, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM erlanda@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 93 IS 5 BP 436 EP 443 DI 10.1511/2005.55.975 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 954OY UT WOS:000231165600027 ER PT J AU Waychunas, G Trainor, T Eng, P Catalano, J Brown, G Davis, J Rogers, J Bargar, J AF Waychunas, G Trainor, T Eng, P Catalano, J Brown, G Davis, J Rogers, J Bargar, J TI Surface complexation studied via combined grazing-incidence EXAFS and surface diffraction: arsenate an hematite (0001) and (10-12) SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE crystal truncation rod; GIXAFS; EXAFS; surface structure; hematite; arsenate ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; ROD; FERRIHYDRITE; ABSORPTION; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION; INTERFACE; ROUGHNESS; XANES AB X-ray diffraction [crystal-truncation-rod (CTR)] studies of the surface structure of moisture-equilibrated hematite reveal sites for complexation not present on the bulk oxygen-terminated surface, and impose constraints on the types of inner-sphere sorption topologies. We have used this improved model of the hematite surface to analyze grazing-incidence EXAFS results for arsenate sorption on the c (0001) and r (1012) surfaces measured in two electric vector polarizations. This work shows that the reconfiguration of the surface under moist conditions is responsible for an increased adsorption density of arsenate complexes on the (0001) surface relative to predicted ideal termination, and an abundance of "edge-sharing" bidentate complexes on both studied surfaces. We consider possible limitations on combining the methods due to differing surface sensitivities, and discuss further analysis possibilities using both methods. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, CARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60637 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Waychunas, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gawaychunas@lbl.gov RI Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013 OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X NR 30 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 383 IS 1 BP 12 EP 27 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-3393-z PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 979NR UT WOS:000232952600005 PM 16142422 ER PT J AU Kreger, MD Hatfield, JS Estevez, I Gee, GF Clugston, DA AF Kreger, MD Hatfield, JS Estevez, I Gee, GF Clugston, DA TI The effects of captive rearing on the behavior of newly-released whooping cranes (Grus americana) SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE whooping crane; Grus; hand rearing; parent rearing; foraging; vigilance ID POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL AB Rearing treatments used in captivity to prepare animals for reintroduction to the wild may have a profound effect on behavior and, possibly, affect their survival after reintroduction. This study examined the behaviors of captive-reared whooping cranes (Grus americana) upon their release in Florida to determine if rearing treatments may affect the behavior of the birds and how these affect their chances of survival in the wild. Individually tagged birds were observed at the rearing facility, the U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Maryland, from hatch to 20 weeks of age and at the release site in Central Florida for up to 6 weeks post release. The rearing treatments were parent reared (PR), hand reared (HR), and hand reared with exercise (ARE). Observations at the rearing facility are described in a previous paper. At the release site, each bird was observed for 5 min every morning (0700-1000 h) and late afternoon (1500-1800 h) during the 6-week study period. Our results indicated that most of the time, the n = 34 birds were foraging (46.03 +/- 1.48%), followed by nonvigilant (20.89 +/- 0.73%), vigilant (19.21 +/- 0.72%), or performing comfort behaviors (11.61 +/- 1.28%). Data were analyzed using mixed models repeated measures ANOVA. There were no significant behavioral differences between HR and HRE birds. PR birds were found in larger groups than HR birds during the first 2 weeks post release and greater than HR and HRE birds afterwards. This may be interpreted as an antipredator strategy,for birds that relied on parental guidance during rearing. HR and HRE birds foraged more than PR birds during the first 2 weeks post release and PR birds were more vigilant during the first 2 weeks post release. Across rearing treatments, the percentages of time spent foraging and engaged in vigilant behaviors during rearing were positively correlated with their behavior upon release. If any of these behaviors can be demonstrated to have relevance for the survival of the whooping cranes after release then it may be possible to establish behavioral interventions to increase the frequencies of such behavior, so that they are perpetuated after release. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Sci Author, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Kreger, MD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Sci Author, 4401 N Fairfax Dr,Room 750, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM michael_kreger@fws.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2004.12.004 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 961AA UT WOS:000231633100013 ER PT J AU Seiler, RL AF Seiler, RL TI Combined use of N-15 and O-18 of nitrate and B-11 to evaluate nitrate contamination in groundwater SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRACING SOURCES; BORON ISOTOPES; SEPTIC SYSTEMS; NITROGEN; WATER; OXYGEN; DENITRIFICATION; ORIGIN; IDENTIFICATION; COLLECTION AB isotopic composition of NO3 (delta(15) N-NO3 and delta(18)O(NO3)) and B (delta(11)B) were used to evaluate NO3 contamination and identify geochemical processes occurring in a hydrologically complex Basin and Range valley in northern Nevada with multiple potential sources of NO3. Combined use of these isotopes may be a useful tool in identifying NO3 sources because NO3 and B co-migrate in many environmental settings, their isotopes are fractionated by different environmental processes, and because wastewater and fertilizers may have distinct isotopic signatures for N and B. The principal cause of elevated NO3 concentrations in residential parts of the study area is wastewater and not natural NO3 or fertilizers. This is indicated by some samples with elevated NO3 concentrations plotting along delta(15)N(NO3) and NO3 mixing lines between natural NO3 from the study area and theoretical septic-system effluent. This conclusion is supported by the presence of caffeine in one sample and the absence of samples with elevated NO3 concentrations that fall along mixing lines between natural NO3 and theoretical percolate below fertilized lawns. Nitrogen isotopes alone could not be used to determine NO3 sources in several wells because denitrification blurred the original isotopic signatures. The range of delta(11)B values in native ground water in the study area (-8.2 parts per thousand. to +21.2 parts per thousand) is large. The samples with the low delta(11)B values have a geochemical signature characteristic of hydrothermal systems. Physical and chemical data suggest B is not being strongly fractionated by adsorption onto clays. 61113 values from local STP effluent (-2.7 parts per thousand.) and wash water from a domestic washing machine (-5.7 parts per thousand.) were used to plot mixing lines between wastewater and native ground water. In general, wells with elevated NO3 concentrations fell along mixing lines between wastewater and background water on plots of delta(11)B against 1/B and Cl/B. Combined use of delta(15)N and delta(11)B in the study area was generally successful in identifying contaminant sources and processes that are occurring, however, it is likely to be more successful in simpler settings with a well-characterized delta(11)B value for background wells. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. RP Seiler, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Room 203,333 W Nye Lane, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. EM rseiler@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1626 EP 1636 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.04.007 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 967KT UT WOS:000232090800002 ER PT J AU Chan, MA Moser, K Davis, JM Southam, G Hughes, K Graham, T AF Chan, MA Moser, K Davis, JM Southam, G Hughes, K Graham, T TI Desert potholes: Ephemeral aquatic microsystems SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE potholes; desert; Colorado Plateau; sandstone; Utah; microorganisms; redox; biofilm; cyanobacteria; limnology ID DRY VALLEYS; MICROORGANISMS; COMMUNITIES; SANDSTONE; COLONIZATION; SILICATES; ECOSYSTEM; BACTERIA; ECOLOGY; POOLS AB An enigma of the Colorado Plateau high desert is the "pothole", which ranges from shallow ephemeral puddles to deeply carved pools. The existence of prokaryotic to eukaryotic organisms within these pools is largely controlled by the presence of collected rainwater. Multivariate statistical analysis of physical and chemical limnologic data variables measured from potholes indicates spatial and temporal variations, particularly in water depth, manganese, iron, nitrate and sulfate concentrations and salinity. Variation in water depth and salinity are likely related to the amount of time since the last precipitation, whereas the other variables may be related to redox potential. The spatial and temporal variations in water chemistry affect the distribution of organisms, which must adapt to daily and seasonal extremes of fluctuating temperature (0-60 degrees C), pH changes of as much as 5 units over 12 days, and desiccation. For example, many species become dormant when potholes dry, in order to endure intense heat, UV radiation, desiccation and freezing, only to flourish again upon rehydration. But the pothole organisms also have a profound impact on the potholes. Through photosynthesis and respiration, pothole organisms affect redox potential, and indirectly alter the water chemistry. Laboratory examination of dried biofilm from the potholes revealed that within 2 weeks of hydration, the surface of the desiccated, black biofilm became green from cyanobacterial growth, which supported significant growth in heterotrophic bacterial populations. This complex biofilm is persumably responsible for dissolving the cement between the sandstone grains, allowing the potholes to enlarge, and for sealing the potholes, enabling them to retain water longer than the surrounding sandstone. Despite the remarkable ability of life in potholes to persist, desert potholes may be extremely sensitive to anthropogenic effects. The unique limnology and ecology of Utah potholes holds great scientific value for understanding water-rock-biological interactions with possible applications to life on other planetary bodies. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. US Geol Survey, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Chan, MA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM machan@mines.utah.edu RI Southam, Gordon/D-1983-2013 OI Southam, Gordon/0000-0002-8941-1249 NR 57 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 3 BP 279 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s10498-004-6274-8 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 990BK UT WOS:000233718000002 ER PT J AU Amstrup, SC Durner, GM Stirling, I McDonald, TL AF Amstrup, SC Durner, GM Stirling, I McDonald, TL TI Allocating harvests among polar bear stocks in the Beaufort Sea SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Beaufort Sea; boundaries; clustering; harvest allocation; kernel; management; polar bears; Ursus maritimus; population delineation; radiotelemetry; smoothing ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; URSUS-MARITIMUS; POPULATION; MOVEMENTS; TRENDS; SIZE; MARK AB Recognition that polar bears are shared by hunters in Canada and Alaska prompted development of the "Polar Bear Management Agreement for the Southern Beaufort Sea." Under this Agreement, the harvest of polar bears from the southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) is shared between Inupiat hunters of Alaska and Inuvialuit hunters of Canada. Quotas for each jurisdiction are to be reviewed annually in light of the best available scientific information. Ideal implementation of the Agreement has been hampered by the inability to quantify geographic overlap among bears from adjacent populations. We applied new analytical procedures to a more extensive radiotelemetry data set than has previously been available to quantify that overlap and thereby improve the efficacy of the Agreement. We constructed a grid over the eastern Chukchi Sea and Beaufort Sea and used two-dimensional kernel smoothing to assign probabilities to the distributions of all instrumented bears. A cluster analysis of radio relocation data identified three relatively discrete groups or "populations" of polar bears: the SBS, Chukchi Sea (CS), and northern Beaufort Sea (NBS) populations. With kernel smoothing, we calculated relative probabilities of occurrence for individual members of each population in each cell of our grid. We estimated the uncertainty in probabilities by bootstrapping. Availability of polar bears from each population varied geographically. Near Barrow, Alaska, 50% of harvested bears are from the CS population and 50% from the SBS population. Nearly 99% of the bears taken by Kaktovik hunters are from the SBS. At Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, Canada, 50% are from the SBS and 50% from the NBS population. We displayed the occurrence of bears from each population as probabilities for each cell in our grid and as maps with contour lines delineating changes in relative probability. This new analytical approach will greatly improve the accuracy of allocating harvest quotas among hunting communities and jurisdictions while assuring that harvests remain within the bounds of sustainable yield. C1 USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Amstrup, SC (reprint author), USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM steven_amstrup@usgs.gov RI McDonald, Trent/F-2885-2014 OI McDonald, Trent/0000-0001-7608-6988 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2005 VL 58 IS 3 BP 247 EP 259 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 964NI UT WOS:000231887400003 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, LD TI Decline and recovery of a high Arctic wolf-prey system SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Arctic hares; Canis lupus; climate change; Ellesmere island; high arctic; Lepus arcticus; muskoxen; ovibos moschatus; wolves ID WOLVES AB A long-existing system of wolves (Canis lupus), muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus), and arctic hares (Lepus arcticus) in a 2600 km(2) area of Canada's High Arctic (80 degrees N latitude) began collapsing in 1997 because of unusual adverse summer weather but recovered to a level at which all three species were reproducing by 2004. Recovery of wolf presence and reproduction appeared to be more dependent on muskox increase than on hare increase. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mechx002@tc.umn.edu NR 11 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 28 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2005 VL 58 IS 3 BP 305 EP 307 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 964NI UT WOS:000231887400009 ER PT J AU Barger, NN Belnap, J Ojima, DS Mosier, A AF Barger, NN Belnap, J Ojima, DS Mosier, A TI NO gas loss from biologically crusted soils in Canyonlands National Park, Utah SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biological soil crust; Canyonlands National Park; Colorado Plateau; nitrogen fixation; nitrogen gas loss; nitric oxide ID NITRIC-OXIDE EMISSIONS; DESERT SOILS; NITROGEN-CYCLE; DENITRIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM; N2O; NITRIFICATION; SAVANNA; FOREST; FIXATION AB In this study, we examined N gas loss as nitric oxide (NO) from N-fixing biologically crusted soils in Canyonlands National Park, Utah. We hypothesized that NO gas loss would increase with increasing N fixation potential of the biologically crusted soil. NO fluxes were measured from biologically crusted soils with three levels of N fixation potential (Scytonema-Nostoc-Collema spp. (dark) > Scytonema-Nostoc-Microcoleus spp. ( medium)> Microcoleus spp. ( light)) from soil cores and field chambers. In both cores and field chambers there was a significant effect of crust type on NO fluxes, but this was highly dependent on season. NO fluxes from field chambers increased with increasing N fixation potential of the biologically crusted soils ( dark > medium > light) in the summer months, with no differences in the spring and autumn. Soil chlorophyll a content ( an index of N fixation potential), percent N, and temperature explained 40% of the variability in NO fluxes from our field sites. Estimates of annual NO loss from dark and light crusts was 0.04 - 0.16 and 0.02 - 0.11 kg NO-N/ha/year. Overall, NO gas loss accounts for approximately 3 - 7% of the N inputs via N fixation in dark and light biologically crusted soils. Land use practices have drastically altered biological soil crusts communities over the past century. Livestock grazing and intensive recreational use of public lands has resulted in a large scale conversion of dark cyanolichen crusts to light cyanobacterial crusts. As a result, changes in biologically crusted soils in arid and semi-arid regions of the western US may subsequently impact regional NO loss. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USGS BRD Canyonlands Field Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Barger, NN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Nichole.Barger@colorado.edu RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 44 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD SEP PY 2005 VL 75 IS 3 BP 373 EP 391 DI 10.1007/s10533-005-1378-9 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 983OM UT WOS:000233242000001 ER PT J AU Goode, MJ Horrace, WC Sredl, MJ Howland, JM AF Goode, MJ Horrace, WC Sredl, MJ Howland, JM TI Habitat destruction by collectors associated with decreased abundance of rock-dwelling lizards SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE collecting methods; lizards; habitat destruction; rock outcrops; commercially valuable reptiles ID UNITED-STATES; HERPETOFAUNA; DISTURBANCE; CALIFORNIA; ARIZONA AB Declines in biodiversity caused by habitat loss have been well documented on large spatial scales, however, effects of habitat loss on small scales have received little attention. Some common methods of reptile collection, primarily for commercial harvest, result in destruction of cracks, crevices, and other cool, moist microhabitats in desert rock outcrops. We developed a method for identifying, habitat destruction associated with reptile collecting. We surveyed lightly and heavily disturbed areas near Phoenix, Arizona to determine if microhabitat loss caused by collectors was associated with decreased relative abundance of reptiles. Of four diurnal lizard species studied, relative abundance of two rock-dwelling species was negatively correlated with level of microhabitat destruction, whereas relative abundance of one ground-dwelling species and one habitat generalist species was not. Habitat destruction caused by collectors may have negative effects, not only at the individual level, but at the population and community levels as well. We recommend regulation of commercial trade in reptiles; disallowing collecting activities that cause habitat damage; increased law enforcement; and educational programs directed primarily at novice collectors. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Desert SW Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Econ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Nongame & Endangered Wildlife Program, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, St Marks Natl Wildlife Refuge, St Marks, FL 32355 USA. RP Goode, MJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Desert SW Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mgoode@ag.arizona.edu RI Horrace, William/I-6279-2015 OI Horrace, William/0000-0003-1325-5320 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 125 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.03.010 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 935WW UT WOS:000229815100005 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM Royle, JA AF Dorazio, RM Royle, JA TI The performance of mixture models in heterogeneous closed population capture-recapture - Reply SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SIZE; PROBABILITIES; VARY C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM bdorazio@usgs.gov; aroyle@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD SEP PY 2005 VL 61 IS 3 BP 874 EP 876 DI 10.1111/j.1541-020X.2005.00411_2.x PG 3 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 961VM UT WOS:000231689900028 ER PT J AU Negri, AJ Burkardt, N Golden, JH Halverson, JB Huffman, GJ Larsen, MC McGinley, JA Updike, RG Verdin, JP Wieczorek, GF AF Negri, AJ Burkardt, N Golden, JH Halverson, JB Huffman, GJ Larsen, MC McGinley, JA Updike, RG Verdin, JP Wieczorek, GF TI The hurricane-flood-landslide continuum SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; LAPS C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Geol Survey, Policy Anal & Sci Assistance Program, Ft Collins, CO USA. NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Catonsville, MD USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. US Geol Survey, Off Chief Sci Hydrol, Reston, VA 22092 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Negri, AJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Bldg 33,Room C408,Code 613-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM andrew.j.negri@nasa.gov RI Huffman, George/F-4494-2014 OI Huffman, George/0000-0003-3858-8308 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1241 EP 1247 DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-9-1241 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971DV UT WOS:000232362500020 ER PT J AU Savin, C Grasso, JR Bachelery, P AF Savin, C Grasso, JR Bachelery, P TI Seismic signature of a phreatic explosion: hydrofracturing damage at Karthala volcano, Grande Comore Island, Indian Ocean SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phreatic eruption; volcano seismicity; Karthala; hydrofracturing; Comore Island; basaltic explosion; shield volcano ID LA FOURNAISE VOLCANO; KILAUEA VOLCANO; SOMALI BASIN; ERUPTION; MADAGASCAR; PITON; LITHOSPHERE; ARCHIPELAGO; EARTHQUAKES; MECHANISM AB Karthala volcano is a basaltic shield volcano with an active hydrothermal system that forms the southern two-thirds of the Grande Comore Island, off the east coat of Africa, northwest of Madagascar. Since the start of volcano monitoring by the local volcano observatory in 1988, the July 11th, 1991 phreatic eruption was the first volcanic event seismically recorded on this volcano, and a rare example of a monitored basaltic shield. From 1991 to 1995 the VT locations, 0.5 < M-l< 4.3, show a crack shaped pattern (3 km long, 1 km wide) within the summit caldera extending at depth from -2 km to +2 km relative to sea level. This N-S elongated pattern coincides with the direction of the regional maximum horizontal stress as deduced from regional focal mechanism solutions. This brittle signature of the damage associated with the 1991 phreatic eruption is a typical pattern of the seismicity induced by controlled fluid injections such as those applied at geothermal fields, in oil and gas recovery, or for stress measurements. It suggests the 1991 phreatic eruption was driven by hydraulic fracturing induced by forced fluid flow. We propose that the extremely high LP and VT seismicity rates, relative to other effusive volcanoes, during the climax of the 1991 phreatic explosion, are due to the activation of the whole hydrothermal system, as roughly sized by the distribution of VT hypocenters. The seismicity rate in 1995 was still higher than the pre-eruption seismicity rate, and disagrees with the time pattern of thermo-elastic stress readjustment induced by single magma intrusions at basaltic volcanoes. We propose that it corresponds to the still ongoing relaxation of pressure heterogeneity within the hydrothermal system as suggested by the few LP events that still occurred in 1995. C1 Observ Grenoble, LGIT, Grenoble, France. Univ Reunion, St Denis, France. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Grasso, JR (reprint author), Observ Grenoble, LGIT, Grenoble, France. EM jean-robert.grasso@obs.ujf-grenble.fr RI grasso, jean-robert /I-8383-2012; OI BACHELERY, Patrick/0000-0002-0108-5486 NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 67 IS 8 BP 717 EP 731 DI 10.1007/s00445-005-0411-0 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 968KO UT WOS:000232161600002 ER PT J AU Fleskes, JP Gilmer, DS Jarvis, RL AF Fleskes, JP Gilmer, DS Jarvis, RL TI Pintail distribution and selection of marsh types at Mendota Wildlife Area during fall and winter SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID FEMALE NORTHERN PINTAILS; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; GRASSLAND ECOLOGICAL AREA; HABITAT USE; CALIFORNIA; SHOREBIRDS; WETLANDS; DUCKS AB To help guide management of Mendota Wildlife Area (MWA), we determined distribution patterns and use relative to availability (i.e., selection) of lake vs. shallow marsh, and shallow marsh by dominant understory vegetation and percentage of emergent cover during September through March, 1991-94 for 145 female northern pintails, Anas acuta. Pintails were radio tagged during August - early October at MWA (n = 116), other San Joaquin Valley areas (n = 27), or Suisun Marsh (n = 2). Before duck hunting season (i.e., Prehunt), pintail distribution at MWA generally tracked marsh flooding although distribution was more concentrated during the day than night. During duck hunting season (i.e., Hunt), pintails that had not left MWA sought sanctuary on units closed to shooting and at night dispersed throughout the area; most returned to sanctuary units on both shoot (Wednesdays and weekends) and nonshoot days. Pintails present during Posthunt (i.e., after Hunt ended) dispersed throughout MWA. Pintails avoided the central lake in favor of the more shallow marsh units throughout MWA. Among the marsh units, pintails selected open and avoided heavily vegetated units at night. Open marsh units Were also selected during the day during Posthunt and, except in 1993, during Prehunt. However, closed or hemi marshes were selected during day during Hunt. Marshes where swamp timothy, Heleochloa schoenoides, was the dominant or prominent understory plant were always selected and received more use by pintails than any other marsh type. Watergrass, Echinochloa crusgalli, marsh was avoided during the day but, along with timothy marsh, selected at night most years. Selection of marsh where alkali bulrush, Scirpus patudosus, or other non-timothy or non-watergrass plants were primary understory plants ranked in the middle during the day but were avoided at night. Our finding that foraging pintails selected swamp timothy is consistent with food habits and habitat use reported elsewhere, but the greater use of watergrass marsh at MWA than in the Grassland Ecological Area indicates regional differences in management or pintail ecology. Exodus of pintails coinciding with start of Hunt indicates that some aspect of the sanctuary or other habitats were lacking at MWA, and will need to be improved to maintain pintail use all winter. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Fleskes, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM joe_fleskes@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD FAL PY 2005 VL 91 IS 4 BP 270 EP 285 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 986BB UT WOS:000233422400003 ER PT J AU Newbrey, MG Bozek, MA Jennings, MJ Cook, JE AF Newbrey, MG Bozek, MA Jennings, MJ Cook, JE TI Branching complexity and morphological characteristics of coarse woody structure as lacustrine fish habitat SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SUBMERGED PULPWOOD LOGS; NORTH TEMPERATE LAKES; LITTORAL-ZONE; DEBRIS; PREDATION; PREY; ABUNDANCE; STREAMS; ASSEMBLAGES; WASHINGTON AB The objective of this study was to quantify the physical characteristics of coarse woody structure (CWS) as fish habitat in a north temperate lake. Sixteen species of fish were observed in submerged CWS habitat. Branching complexity, distance above the bole, area below the bole, distance to other CWS, and water depth around CWS were significantly related to abundance of schooling cyprinids (Cyprinidae), rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and walleye (Sander vitreus). Branching complexity was the most common characteristic of CWS related to richness, diversity, and total adult abundance of fish taxa, but was not correlated with the total lengths of fish found in submerged trees. Branching-complexity values ranged from 1 (simple) to 500 (moderately complex) in the littoral zone; for comparison, a living riparian conifer had a branching-complexity value of over 1000. Most CWS in the littoral zone was composed of simple trees without branching, but fish tended to inhabit CWS with branching-complexity values greater than 45. This study shows the importance of CWS with fine branching as littoral-zone fish habitat. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Spooner, WI 54801 USA. RP Newbrey, MG (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM michael.newbrey@ndsu.edu NR 37 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 62 IS 9 BP 2110 EP 2123 DI 10.1139/F05-125 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 964OG UT WOS:000231889800017 ER PT J AU Apps, M McGuire, AD AF Apps, M McGuire, AD TI Climate - Disturbance interactions in boreal forest ecosystems - International Boreal Forest Research Association 12th Annual Scientific Conference - Fairbanks Princess Riverside Lodge Fairbanks, Alaska, USA - 3-6 May 2004 - Foreword SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC, Canada. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Apps, M (reprint author), Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC, Canada. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 35 IS 9 BP V EP VI PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 991GL UT WOS:000233800300001 ER PT J AU Neff, JC Harden, JW Gleixner, G AF Neff, JC Harden, JW Gleixner, G TI Fire effects on soil organic matter content, composition, and nutrients in boreal interior Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference of the International-Boreal-Forest-Research-Association CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Fairbanks, AK SP Int Boreal Forest Res Assoc ID PYROLYSIS-GC-MS; SCOTS PINE FORESTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BLACK SPRUCE; VEGETATION FIRES; CARBON; STANDS; ACCUMULATION; FRACTIONS; EMISSION AB Boreal ecosystems contain a substantial fraction of the earth's soil carbon stores and are prone to frequent and severe wildfires. In this study, we examine changes in element and organic matter stocks due to a 1999 wildfire in Alaska. One year after the wildfire, burned soils contained between 1071 and 1420 g/m(2) less carbon than unburned soils. Burned soils had lower nitrogen than unburned soils, higher calcium, and nearly unchanged potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus stocks. Burned surface soils tended to have higher concentrations of noncombustible elements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus compared with unburned soils. Combustion losses of carbon were mostly limited to surface dead moss and fibric horizons, with no change in the underlying mineral horizons. Burning caused significant changes in soil organic matter structure, with a 12% higher ratio of carbon to combustible organic matter in surface burned horizons compared with unburned horizons. Pyrolysis gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy also shows preferential volatilization of polysaccharide-derived organic matter and enrichment of lignin- and lipid-derived compounds in surface soils. The chemistry of deeper soil layers in burned and unburned sites was similar, suggesting that immediate fire impacts were restricted to the surface soil horizon. C1 Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Neff, JC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CB 399, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM neffjc@colorado.edu OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 NR 49 TC 64 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 40 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2178 EP 2187 DI 10.1139/X05-154 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 991GL UT WOS:000233800300012 ER PT J AU Maier, JAK Hoef, JMV McGuire, AD Bowyer, RT Saperstein, L Maier, HA AF Maier, JAK Hoef, JMV McGuire, AD Bowyer, RT Saperstein, L Maier, HA TI Distribution and density of moose in relation to landscape characteristics: effects of scale SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference of the International-Boreal-Forest-Research-Association CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Fairbanks, AK SP Int Boreal Forest Res Assoc ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; INTERIOR ALASKA; ALCES-ALCES; HABITAT SELECTION; BEHAVIORAL DECISIONS; GENERALIST HERBIVORE; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; WOODLAND CARIBOU; BOREAL FOREST AB We analyzed the relation between early winter distribution and density of female moose (Alces alces L.) and habitat heterogeneity in interior Alaska. We tested for effects of vegetation type, topography, distance to rivers and towns, occurrence and timing of fire, and landscape metrics. A spatial linear model was used to analyze effects of independent variables organized at multiple scales. Because densities of moose vary widely as a result of differences in management and other factors, a spatial response surface of the log of moose density was fit to remove large-scale effects. The analysis revealed that the densest populations of moose occurred closer to towns, at moderate elevations, near rivers, and in areas where fire occurred between 11 and 30 years ago. Furthermore, moose tended to occur in areas with large compact patches of varied habitat and avoided variable terrain and nonvegetated areas. Relationships of most variables with moose density occurred at or below 34 km(2), suggesting that moose respond to environmental variables within a few kilometres of their location. The spatial model of density of moose developed in this study represents an important application for effective monitoring and management of moose in the boreal forest. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kanuti Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. AlaskaGIS, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Maier, JAK (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftjak@uaf.edu RI Maier, Hilmar/A-9000-2010; OI Maier, Hilmar/0000-0002-8442-0701; Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 NR 79 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 40 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2233 EP 2243 DI 10.1139/X05-123 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 991GL UT WOS:000233800300017 ER PT J AU Jenkins, KJ Barten, NL AF Jenkins, KJ Barten, NL TI Demography and decline of the Mentasta caribou herd in Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WOODLAND CARIBOU; ANTIPREDATOR TACTICS; NORTHEASTERN ALBERTA; FEMALE CARIBOU; PARTURITION; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; WOLVES; DISPERSION AB We evaluated population trends in the Mentasta caribou (Rangifer tarandus (L., 1758)) herd in Wrangell St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, from 1990 to 1997 and determined factors contributing to its decline. We postulated that predation-related mortality of adult females and juveniles was the proximate cause of the decline, and that survival of juvenile caribou reflected interactions with winter severity, calving distribution, timing of births, density of caribou, and physical condition of neonates at birth. The population declined at its greatest rate from 1990 to 1993 (r = -0.32) and at a lower rate from 1994 to 1997 (r = -0.09). Recruitment (number of calves/100 females during September) averaged 4/100 during the rapid population decline from 1990 to 1993 and 13/100 from 1994 to 1997. Parturition rate of adult females ranged from 65% to 97%. Survival of adult females and juveniles ranged from 0.77 to 0.86 and from 0.00 to 0.22, respectively. Approximately 43%, 59%, and 79% of all juvenile mortality occurred by 1, 2, and 4 weeks of age, respectively. We confirmed predation-related mortality as the primary proximate cause of population decline, with gray wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758), bears (species of the genus Ursus L., 1758), and other predators accounting for 57%, 38%, and 5%, respectively, of all juvenile mortality, and bears causing disproportionate mortality among 0- to 1-week-old neonates. We supported the hypotheses that timing of birth and habitat conditions at the birth site, particularly mottled snow patterns, affected vulnerability and survival of neonates, and birth mass affected survival of juveniles through summer. We speculate that the population will continue to decline before reaching a low-density equilibrium that is sustained by density-dependent changes in the functional responses of predators. C1 USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Wrangell St Elias Field Stn, Copper Ctr, AK 99573 USA. Wrangell St Elias Natl Pk & Preserve, Copper Ctr, AK 99573 USA. RP Jenkins, KJ (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1174 EP 1188 DI 10.1139/Z05-111 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 984KM UT WOS:000233303800004 ER PT J AU Pearce, JM Talbot, SL Petersen, MR Rearick, JR AF Pearce, JM Talbot, SL Petersen, MR Rearick, JR TI Limited genetic differentiation among breeding, molting, and wintering groups of the threatened Steller's eider: the role of historic and contemporary factors SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE microsatellites; mitochondrial DNA; Polysticta stelleri; population differentiation; sea duck; Steller's eider ID YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; POLYSTICTA-STELLERI; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; COLONIZATION HISTORY; CANADA GEESE; KING EIDERS; OIL-SPILL AB Due to declines in the Alaska breeding population, the Steller's eider (Polysticta stelleri) was listed as threatened in North America in 1997. Periodic non-breeding in Russia and Alaska has hampered field-based assessments of behavioral patterns critical to recovery plans, such as levels of breeding site fidelity and movements among three regional populations: Atlantic-Russia, Pacific-Russia and Alaska. Therefore, we analyzed samples from across the species range with seven nuclear microsatellite DNA loci and cytochrome b mitochondrial (mt)DNA sequence data to infer levels of interchange among sampling areas and patterns of site fidelity. Results demonstrated low levels of population differentiation within Atlantic and Pacific nesting areas, with higher levels observed between these regions, but only for mtDNA. Bayesian analysis of microsatellite data from wintering and molting birds showed no signs of sub-population structure, even though band-recovery data suggests multiple breeding areas are present. We observed higher estimates of F-statistics for female mtDNA data versus male data, suggesting female-biased natal site fidelity. Summary statistics for mtDNA were consistent with models of historic population expansion. Lack of spatial structure in Steller's eiders may result largely from insufficient time since historic population expansions for behaviors, such as natal site fidelity, to isolate breeding areas genetically. However, other behaviors such as the periodic non-breeding observed in Steller's eiders may also play a more contemporary role in genetic homogeneity, especially for microsatellite loci. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM John_Pearce@usgs.gov RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 NR 73 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 6 IS 5 BP 743 EP 757 DI 10.1007/s10592-005-9034-4 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 000FM UT WOS:000234446300007 ER PT J AU Ryan, HF Noble, MA AF Ryan, HF Noble, MA TI Comparison of shelf currents off central California prior to and during the 1997-1998 El Nino SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE shelf currents; El nino; USA; central California ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SUBTIDAL CURRENTS; MONTEREY BAY; SEA-LEVEL; WIND; SURFACE; SLOPE; COAST; UNDERCURRENT AB Moored current, temperature, salinity, and pressure data were collected at three sites that transect the narrow continental shelf offshore of Davenport, CA, starting in August 1996 and continuing to the spring of 1998. This data set allowed a comparison of oceanographic conditions prior to (8/96-3/97) and during (8/97-3/98) the last major El Nino. During this El Nino, mean temperatures over the 8-month time period were about 3 degrees C warmer than during the prior year at all of the sites. Correlations between near-surface and near-bottom temperatures, and between near-surface temperature and wind stress decreased during the El Nino compared to conditions the year before. The mean alongshore currents were more strongly poleward during El Nino at sites over the mid-shelf and near the shelf break. There was a general tendency for the energy in alongshore currents to move toward lower frequencies during the El Nino, particularly at the sites farther offshore. The processes that forced the shelf flows changed in relative importance throughout the study. The local alongshore wind stress was less important in driving shelf currents during the El Nino when much of the wind-induced upwelling was confined to less than 5 km of the coast. The observed strong poleward shelf currents on the mid- to outer-shelf were not clearly tied to local forcing, but were remotely driven, most likely by slope currents. The response of the Davenport shelf to an El Nino event may differ from other areas since the shelf is narrow, the wind forcing is weaker than areas to the north and south, and the shelf may be at times isolated by fronts that form at strong upwelling centers. In the winter, strong storm-related winds are important in driving currents at periods not only in the synoptic wind band, but also for periods on the order of 20d and longer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ryan, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hryan@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 25 IS 15 BP 1787 EP 1804 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2005.06.005 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 973EY UT WOS:000232506900001 ER PT J AU Stohlgren, TJ Barnett, D Flather, C Kartesz, J Peterjohn, B AF Stohlgren, TJ Barnett, D Flather, C Kartesz, J Peterjohn, B TI Plant species invasions along the latitudinal gradient in the United States SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE native plant species; non-indigenous plant species; patterns of invasion; species densities ID GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; RICHNESS; ENERGY; CONSERVATION; GRASSLANDS; LANDSCAPE; DENSITY; CLIMATE AB It has been long established that the richness of vascular plant species and many animal taxa decreases with increasing latitude, a pattern that very generally follows declines in actual and potential evapotranspiration, solar radiation, temperature, and thus, total productivity. Using county-level data on vascular plants from the United States (3000 counties in the conterminous 48 states), we used the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to evaluate competing models predicting native and nonnative plant species density (number of species per square kilometer in a county) from various combinations of biotic variables (e.g., native bird species density, vegetation carbon, normalized difference vegetation index), environmental/topographic variables (elevation, variation in elevation, the number of land cover classes in the county; radiation, mean precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, and potential evapotranspiration), and human variables (human population density, crop-land, and percentage of disturbed lands in a county). We found no evidence of a latitudinal gradient for the density of native plant species and a significant, slightly positive latitudinal gradient for the density of nonnative plant species. We found stronger evidence of a significant, positive productivity gradient (vegetation carbon) for the density of native plant species and nonnative plant species. We found much stronger significant relationships when biotic, environmental/topographic, and human variables were used to predict native plant species density and nonnative plant species density. Biotic variables generally had far greater influence in multivariate models than human or environmental/topographic variables. Later, we found that the best, single, positive predictor of the density of nonnative plant species in a county was the density of native plant species in a county. While further study is needed, it may be that, while humans facilitate the initial establishment invasions of nonnative plant species, the spread and subsequent distributions of nonnative species are controlled largely by biotic and environmental factors. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ N Carolina, Biota N Amer Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_stohlgren@USGS.gov RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 50 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 37 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 86 IS 9 BP 2298 EP 2309 DI 10.1890/04-1195 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 957MJ UT WOS:000231373600005 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Link, WA AF Royle, JA Link, WA TI A general class of multinomial mixture models for anuran calling survey data SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance index; amphibian monitoring; anurans; detection probability; frogs; latent class model; NAAMP; population index; site occupancy ID ABUNDANCE; DECLINES; CANADA; ISLAND AB We propose a general framework for modeling anuran abundance using data collected from commonly used calling surveys. The data generated from calling surveys are indices of calling intensity (vocalization of males) that do not have a precise link to actual population size and are sensitive to factors that influence anuran behavior. We formulate a model for calling-index data in terms of the maximum potential calling index that could be observed at a site (the "latent abundance class"), given its underlying breeding population, and we focus attention on estimating the distribution of this latent abundance class. A critical consideration in estimating the latent structure is imperfect detection, which causes the observed abundance index to be less than or equal to the latent abundance class. We specify a multinomial sampling model for the observed abundance index that is conditional on the latent abundance class. Estimation of the latent abundance class distribution is based on the marginal likelihood of the index data, having integrated over the latent class distribution. We apply the proposed modeling framework to data collected as part of the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP). C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM andy_royle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 21 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 86 IS 9 BP 2505 EP 2512 DI 10.1890/04-1802 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 957MJ UT WOS:000231373600025 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Doherty, PF Nichols, JD AF Conn, PB Doherty, PF Nichols, JD TI Comparative demography of new world populations of thrushes (Turdus spp.): Comment SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ESTIMATING SURVIVAL RATES; BIRD-BAND RETURNS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; LIFE-TABLES; WARBLERS; DISPERSAL; RECOVERY; MODEL C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Wagar Hall, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM pconn@cnr.colostate.edu NR 31 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 86 IS 9 BP 2536 EP 2541 DI 10.1890/04-1799 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 957MJ UT WOS:000231373600029 ER PT J AU Tormanen, TO Koski, RA AF Tormanen, TO Koski, RA TI Gold enrichment and the Bi-Au association in pyrrhotite-rich massive sulfide deposits, Escanaba trough, southern Gorda Ridge SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; GUAYMAS BASIN; HYDROTHERMAL SOLUTIONS; ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; BISMUTH TELLURIDES; SPREADING CENTER; VALLEY; GEOCHEMISTRY; MINERALOGY AB High gold contents (to 10.1 ppm, avg 1.4 ppm, n = 34) occur in pyrrhotite-rich massive sulfide samples from the sediment-covered floor of the Escanaba trough, the slow-spreading, southernmost segment of Gorda Ridge. These concentrations reflect the presence of primary gold, formed during high-temperature hydrothermal activity in mounds and chimneys, and secondary gold deposited during sea-floor weathering of massive sulfide. Primary gold occurs as fine-grained (< 2 mu m) gold, electrum, maldonite (Au2Bi), and a rare unnamed mineral (AuBi5S4) and is texturally and temporally associated with sulfarsenides (arsenopyrite, glaucodot, alloclastite, and cobaltite), arsenides (lollingite and safflorite), Bi minerals (native bismuth, Bi tellurides, Bi-Te sulfides, and bismuthinite), and galena. Larger (> 2 mu m) secondary gold grains have a porous, flaky morphology and occur in samples in which pyrrhotite is oxidized and replaced by Fe oxyhydroxides, Fe sulfate, and sulfur. Mounds and chimneys dominated by pyrrhotite and containing lesser amounts of isocubanite, chalcopyrite, and Fe-rich sphalerite were formed by high-temperature (estimated range 325 degrees-275 degrees C), reduced, low-sulfur vent fluids. The mineral and fluid compositions during this main stage of hydrothermal venting reflect subsurface interaction between circulating hydrothermal fluids and turbiditic sediment containing as much as 1.1 percent organic carbon. As the deposition of pyrrhotite, Cu-Fe sulfides, and sphalerite waned, a volumetrically minor suite of sulfarsenide, arsenide, Bi, and An minerals was deposited from highly reduced, late main-stage fluids diffusing through mounds and chimneys. The low solubility of An as a bisulfide complex and the absence of fluid mixing during this stage of hydrothermal activity apparently inhibited the precipitation of gold directly from solution. Instead, gold precipitation is thought to be linked to elevated concentrations of Bi in the late main-stage fluids. The textural relationships of An and Bi minerals in pyrrhotite-rich samples, low melting point of native bismuth (271.4 degrees C), and recent experimental results on An and Bi in hydrothermal fluids contribute to the hypothesis that gold was effectively scavenged from the Escanaba trough vent fluids by coexisting droplets of liquid bismuth. Additional phase relationships of alloys in the Au-Bi system indicate that deposition of native bismuth and maldonite occurred at temperatures as low as 241 degrees C. Bismuth droplets trapped in void space between main-stage mineral grains scavenged gold from ambient hydrothermal fluid to a greater extent than bismuth enclosed by late-forming pyrrhotite. The limited solid solution of An in Bi can explain the apparent exsolution texture in which gold blebs are hosted by native bismuth. The electrum, native bismuth (with gold inclusions), and galena represent the last traces of gold mineralization from late main-stage fluids. During sea-floor weathering and the oxidation of pyrrhotite in the mounds and chimneys, secondary gold formed as aggregates of colloidal particles along pH gradients between acidic pore waters and ambient seawater. Gold was mobilized from earlier formed primary gold minerals and transported as aqueous chloride complexes. The reduction of Au(III) by residual Fe2+ in partly altered pyrrhotite and adsorption of colloids by Fe oxyhydroxides in ay have influenced the location of secondary gold grains within the alteration front. Solubility differences between gold and silver chloride complexes at low temperature account for the low Ag content of secondary gold grains. The high concentrations of Bi, and thus the association of An and Bi minerals in pyrrhotite-rich massive sulfide, can be ascribed to the extensive interaction of hydrothermal fluids with sediment in the Escanaba trough. In contrast, the absence of the Au-Bi association in massive sulfides at other ridges, including other sediment-covered sites at Middle Valley and the Guaymas basin, reflects the predominantly basaltic source rocks. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Oulu, Dept Geol, Inst Geosci, Oulu 90570, Finland. RP Koski, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 901,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rkoski@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1135 EP 1150 DI 10.2113/100.6.1135 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 003ST UT WOS:000234702600004 ER PT J AU Hein, JR Koschinsky, A McIntyre, BR AF Hein, JR Koschinsky, A McIntyre, BR TI Mercury- and silver-rich ferromanganese oxides, southern California borderland: Deposit model and environmental implications SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; HYDROTHERMAL SOLUTIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; FRACTURE-ZONE; CRUSTS; MINERALIZATION; ELEMENTS; MANGANESE; MARGIN; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Mercury- and silver-enriched ferromanganese oxide crusts were recovered at water depths of 1,750 to 1,300 In from La Victoria knoll, located about 72 kin off the coast of northern Baja California. No other ferromanganese precipitate found so far in the modern ocean basins is similarly enriched in Hg and Ag. The precipitates consist of submetallic gray brecciated, Mn oxide lavers overlain by brown earthy, laminated Fe-Mn oxide crusts. Both oxide types are rich in Hg (to 10 ppm) and Ag (to 5.5 ppm). The Mn-rich layers are composed of delta MnO2, with lesser amounts of 10 angstrom and 7 angstrom manganates, whereas the Mn phase in the Fe-Mn crusts is solely delta MnO2. The Fe phase in both layers is X-ray amorphous. Established criteria for distinguishing hydrothermal versus hydrogenetic crusts indicate that the Mn-rich layers are predominantly of low-temperature hydrothermal origin, whereas the Fe-Mn crusts are hydrogenetic, although there is some overlap in the source of chemical components in both types. La Victoria knoll is uplifted continental basement rock with basalt, andesite, and schist cropping out at the surface; the knoll may have all intrusive core. The Hg and Ag were derived front leaching by hydrothermal fluids of organic matter-rich sediments in basins adjacent to La Victoria knoll and, to a lesser extent, front continental basement rocks underlying the knoll and adjacent basins. Both rock types are notably enriched in Ag and Fig. Faults were the main fluid transport pathway, and hydrothermal circulation was driven by high heat flow associated with thinned crust. Other elements derived front the hydrothermal fluids include Tl, Cd, Cr, and Li. The main host for Ha and Ag is FeOOH, although MnO2 likely hosts some of the Ag. Minor sulfide and barite also may contain small amounts of these metals. Possible analogs in the geologic record for this deposit type are found in the Basin and Range province of the western United States and Mexico. The discovery highlights the fact that fluids circulating along faults in the offshore California borderland are transporting potentially toxic metals (Hg, Ag, Tl, As. Cd, Cr, Ph, and Ni) and depositing them on and just below the ocean floor. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Int Univ Bremen, Sch Sci & Engn, Bremen, Germany. RP Hein, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhein@usgs.gov RI Koschinsky, Andrea /R-2927-2016 OI Koschinsky, Andrea /0000-0002-9224-0663 NR 81 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1168 DI 10.2113/100.6.1151 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 003ST UT WOS:000234702600005 ER PT J AU Landa, ER AF Landa, ER TI Radium-colored diamonds SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Landa, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM erlanda@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1811-5209 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD SEP PY 2005 VL 1 IS 4 BP 189 EP 190 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 010DG UT WOS:000235166500004 ER PT J AU Kynard, B Parker, E AF Kynard, B Parker, E TI Ontogenetic behavior and dispersal of Sacramento River white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, with a note on body color SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE fish behavior; habitat; larva behavior; migration; river alteration; Acipenseridae ID LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; SHORTNOSE STURGEON; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; MIGRATION; HABITAT; LARVAL; BREVIROSTRUM; OXYRINCHUS AB We studied Sacramento River white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, in the laboratory to develop a conceptual model of ontogenetic behavior and provide insight into probable behavior of wild sturgeon. After hatching, free embryos initiated a low intensity, brief downstream dispersal during which fish swam near the bottom and were photonegative. The weak, short dispersal style and behavior of white sturgeon free embryos contrasts greatly with the intense, long dispersal style and behavior (photopositive and swimming far above the bottom) of dispersing free embryos of other sturgeon species. If spawned eggs are concentrated within a few kilometers downstream of a spawning site, the adaptive significance of the free embryo dispersal is likely to move fish away from the egg deposition site to avoid predation and reduce fish density prior to feeding. Larvae foraged on the open bottom, swam < 1 m above the bottom, aggregated, but did not disperse. Early juveniles initiated a strong dispersal with fish strongly vigorously swimming downstream. Duration of the juvenile dispersal is unknown, but the strong swimming likely disperses fish many kilometers. Recruitment failure in white sturgeon populations may be a mis-match between the innate fish dispersal and post-dispersal rearing habitat, which is now highly altered by damming and reservoirs. Sacramento River white sturgeon has a two-step downstream dispersal by the free embryo and juvenile life intervals. Diel activity of all life intervals peaked at night, whether fish were dispersing or foraging. Nocturnal behavior is likely a response to predation, which occurs during both activities. An intense black-tail body color was present on foraging larvae, but was weak or absent on the two life intervals that disperse. Black-tail color may be an adaptation for avoiding predation, signaling among aggregated larvae, or both, but not for dispersal. C1 US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Kynard, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM kynard@forwild.umass.edu NR 30 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD SEP PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1007/s10641-005-2198-4 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 974VU UT WOS:000232620300003 ER PT J AU Watten, BJ Sibrell, PL Schwartz, MF AF Watten, BJ Sibrell, PL Schwartz, MF TI Acid neutralization within limestone sand reactors receiving coal mine drainage SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE acid mine drainage; treatment; fluidized bed; limestone; carbon dioxide ID RESPONSES; WATER AB Pulsed bed treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) uses CO2 to accelerate limestone dissolution and intermittent fluidization to abrade and carry away metal hydrolysis products. Tests conducted with a prototype of 60 L/min capacity showed effective removal of H+ acidity over the range 196-584 mg/L (CaCO3) While concurrently generating surplus acid neutralization capacity. Effluent alkalinity (mg/L CaCO3) rose with increases in CO2 (DC. mg/L) according to the model Alkalinity = 31.22 + 2.97(DC)(0.5), where DC was varied front 11-726 ing/L. Altering fluidization and contraction periods from 30 s/30 s to 10 s/50 s did not influence alkalinity but did increase energy dissipation and bed expansion ratios. Field trials with three AMD sources demonstrated the process is capable of raising AMD pH above that required for hydrolysis and precipitation of Fe3+ and Al3+ but not Fe2+ and Mn2+. Numerical modeling showed CO2 requirements are reduced as AMD acidity increases and when DC is recycled from system effluent. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Conservat Fund, Inst Freshwater, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Watten, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM barnaby_watten@usgs.gov; philip_sibrell@usgs.gov; m.schwartz@freshwaterinstitute.org OI Sibrell, Philip/0000-0001-5666-1228 NR 43 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 137 IS 2 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.01.026 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944QW UT WOS:000230444900012 PM 15963369 ER PT J AU Abudalo, RA Bogatsu, YG Ryan, JN Harvey, RW Metge, DW Elimelech, M AF Abudalo, RA Bogatsu, YG Ryan, JN Harvey, RW Metge, DW Elimelech, M TI Effect of ferric oxyhydroxide grain coatings on the transport of bacteriophage PRD1 and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in saturated porous media SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADHESION-DEFICIENT BACTERIA; CONTAMINATED SANDY AQUIFER; COLLOID FILTRATION THEORY; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; IONIC-STRENGTH; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; MINERAL SURFACES; ORGANIC-MATTER; QUARTZ SAND; VIRUS AB To test the effect of geochemical heterogeneity on microorganism transport in saturated porous media, we measured the removal of two microorganisms, the bacteriophage PRDI and oocysts of the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, in flow-through columns of quartz sand coated by different amounts of a ferric oxyhydroxide. The,experiments were conducted over ranges of ferric oxyhydroxide coating fraction of lambda = 0-0.12 for PRD1 and from lambda = 0-0.32 for the oocysts at pH 5.6-5.8 and 10(-4) M ionic strength. To determine the effect of pH on the transport of the oocysts, experiments were also conducted over a pH range of 5.7-10.0 at a coating fraction of lambda = 0.04. Collision (attachment) efficiencies increased as the fraction of ferric oxyhydroxide coated quartz sand increased, from alpha = 0.0071 to 0.13 over lambda = 0-0.12 for PRD1 and from alpha = 0.059 to 0.75 over lambda = 0-0.32 for the oocysts. Increasing the pH from 5.7 to 10.0 resulted in a decrease in the oocyst collision efficiency as the pH exceeded the expected point of zero charge of the ferric oxyhydroxide coatings. The collision efficiencies correlated very well with the fraction,of quartz sand coated by the ferric oxyhydroxide for PRD1 but not as well for the oocysts. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Ryan, JN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, 428 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM joseph.ryan@colorado.edu RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012; Elimelech, Menachem/E-7137-2012; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Elimelech, Menachem/0000-0003-4186-1563; Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 NR 52 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 17 BP 6412 EP 6419 DI 10.1021/es050159h PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 962ID UT WOS:000231723800022 PM 16190194 ER PT J AU Lin, YP Singer, PC Aiken, GR AF Lin, YP Singer, PC Aiken, GR TI Inhibition of calcite precipitation by natural organic material: Kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; FULVIC-ACID; SURFACE SPECIATION; ADSORPTION; SEAWATER; MATTER; MODEL; 25-DEGREES-C; GOETHITE AB The inhibition of calcite precipitation by natural organic material (NOM) in solutions seeded with calcite was investigated using a pH-stat system, Experiments were carried out using three NOMs with different physical/chemical properties. For each of the materials, inhibition was found to be more effective at lower carbonate/calcium ratios and lower pH values. The reduction in the precipitation rate could be explained by a Langmuir adsorption model using a conditional equilibrium constant. By identification of the type of site on the NOM molecules that is involved in the adsorption reaction, the "conditional" equilibrium constants obtained at different solution compositions converged to a single "nonconditional" value. The thermodynamic data determined at 25 degrees C and 1 atm suggest that the interaction between NOM molecules and the calcite surface is chemisorptive in nature and that adsorption is an endothermic reaction driven by the entropy change. The greatest degree of inhibition was observed for the NOM with the highest molecular weight and aromatic carbon content. For a given type of NOM, the degree of inhibition of calcite precipitation was dictated by the balance between the enthalpy change and the entropy change of the adsorption reaction. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Singer, PC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM phil_singer@unc.edu RI Lin, Yi-Pin/C-2467-2009 OI Lin, Yi-Pin/0000-0002-2656-300X NR 48 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 17 BP 6420 EP 6428 DI 10.1021/es050470z PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 962ID UT WOS:000231723800023 PM 16190195 ER PT J AU McClure, MF Bissonette, JA Conover, MR AF McClure, MF Bissonette, JA Conover, MR TI Migratory strategies, fawn recruitment, and winter habitat use by urban and rural mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE density; game theory; habitat selection; risk avoidance; Utah ID SELECTION; SURVIVAL; MOVEMENTS; RANGE AB We examined the migratory strategies of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) using adjacent urban and rural winter ranges in northern Utah in relation to deer demography and patterns of habitat use. Urban deer were more likely to be migratory than rural deer, even though migratory animals from the two herds intermixed on a common, high-elevation summer range. Urban deer exhibited lower fawn recruitment than rural deer; but within each herd, demographic characteristics of migratory and nonmigratory animals suggested that game theory explained the ratios of deer adopting each behavior. Estimates of animal numbers and available habitat did not reveal clearly whether deer densities differed on the two winter ranges. However, patterns of habitat use by urban deer were so clustered around areas of concealment vegetation that animals probably experienced higher local densities than rural animals. In addition, the clustered patterns of habitat use by urban deer resulted in incomplete use of available forage. This may have contributed to the relatively poor fawn recruitment by urban deer, a phenomenon that appeared to be perpetuated by their strong fidelity to winter range. C1 Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Range Wildlife & Forestry, USGS Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Range Wildlife & Forestry, Jack Berryman Inst, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP McClure, MF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM mmcclure@wsu.edu NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-4642 J9 EUR J WILDLIFE RES JI Eur. J. Wildl. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 51 IS 3 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s10344-005-0086-z PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 951BO UT WOS:000230904100005 ER PT J AU Mueller, GA AF Mueller, GA TI Predatory fish removal and native fish recovery in the Colorado River mainstem: What have we learned? SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID RAZORBACK SUCKER; LAKE-MOHAVE; CONSERVATION; ARIZONA; PROGRAM; BASIN AB Mechanical predator removal programs have gained popularity in the United States and have benefited the recovery of several native trout and spring fish. These successes have been limited to headwater streams and small, isolated ponds or springs. Nevertheless, these same approaches are being applied to large river systems on the belief that any degree of predator removal will somehow benefit natives. This attitude is prevalent in the Colorado River mainstem where recovery and conservation programs are struggling to reverse the decline of four endangered fish species. Predator removal and prevention are major thrusts of that work but unfortunately, after 10 years and the removal of > 1.5 million predators, we have yet to see a positive response from the native fish community. This leads to the obvious question: is mechanical removal or control in large (> 100 cfs base flow) western streams technically or politically feasible? If not, recovery for some mainstem fishes may not be practical in the conventional sense, but require innovative management strategies to prevent their extirpation or possible extinction. This article examines (1) what has been attempted, (2) what has worked, and (3) what has not worked in the Colorado River mainstem and provides recommendations for future efforts in this critical management area. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mueller, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM Gordon_A_Mueller@usgs.gov NR 83 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP PY 2005 VL 30 IS 9 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2005)30[10:PFRANF]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 963BL UT WOS:000231777700008 ER PT J AU Moffitt, CM AF Moffitt, CM TI Environmental, economic and social aspects of animal protein production and the opportunities for aquaculture SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID FISHERIES C1 Amer Fisheries Soc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Amer Fisheries Soc, 5410 Grosvenor Ln,Suite 110, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP PY 2005 VL 30 IS 9 BP 36 EP 38 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 963BL UT WOS:000231777700012 ER PT J AU Scott, JM Goble, DD Wiens, JA Wilcove, DS Bean, M Male, T AF Scott, JM Goble, DD Wiens, JA Wilcove, DS Bean, M Male, T TI Recovery of imperiled species under the Endangered Species Act: the need for a new approach SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SALMON AB The recovery (delisting) of a threatened or endangered species is often accompanied by the expectation that conservation management of the species will no longer be necessary. However, the magnitude and pace of human impacts on the environment make it unlikely that substantial progress will be made in delisting many species unless the definition of "recovery" includes some form of active management. Preventing delisted species from again being at risk of extinction may require continuing, species-specific management actions. We characterize such species as "conservation-reliant", and suggest that viewing "recovery" as a continuum of states rather than as a simple "recovered/not recovered" dichotomy may enhance our ability to manage such species within the framework of the Endangered Species Act. With ongoing loss of habitat, disruption of natural disturbance regimes, and the increasing impacts of non-native invasive species, it is probable that the number of conservation-reliant species will increase. We propose the development of "recovery management agreements", with legally and biologically defensible contracts that would provide for continuing conservation management following delisting. The use of such formalized agreements will facilitate shared management responsibilities between federal wildlife agencies and other federal agencies, and with state, local, and tribal governments, as well as with private entities that have demonstrated the capability to meet the needs of conservation-reliant species. C1 Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Law, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA USA. Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Environm Def Fund, Washington, DC USA. RP Scott, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM mscott@uidaho.edu NR 21 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 59 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 3 IS 7 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0383:ROISUT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 961PV UT WOS:000231675200018 ER PT J AU Pelletier, JD Mayer, L Pearthree, PA House, PK Demsey, KA Klawon, JE Vincent, KR AF Pelletier, JD Mayer, L Pearthree, PA House, PK Demsey, KA Klawon, JE Vincent, KR TI An integrated approach to flood hazard assessment on alluvial fans using numerical modeling, field mapping, and remote sensing SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE flood hazard; alluvial fan; surficial geology; remote sensing; numerical modeling ID RASTER-BASED MODEL; INUNDATION; CALIFORNIA; SIMULATION AB Millions of people in the western United States live near the dynamic, distributary channel networks of alluvial fans where flood behavior is complex and poorly constrained. Here we test a new comprehensive approach to alluvial-fan flood hazard assessment that uses four complementary methods: two-dimensional raster-based hydraulic modeling, satellite-image change detection, field-based mapping of recent flood inundation, and surficial geologic mapping. Each of these methods provides spatial detail lacking in the standard method and each provides critical information for a comprehensive assessment. Our numerical model simultaneously solves the continuity equation and Manning's equation (Chow, 1959) using an implicit numerical method. It provides a robust numerical tool for predicting flood flows using the large, high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) necessary to resolve the numerous small channels on the typical alluvial fan. Inundation extents and flow depths of historic floods can be reconstructed with the numerical model and validated against field- and satellite-based flood maps. A probabilistic flood hazard map can also be constructed by modeling multiple flood events with a range of specified discharges. This map can be used in conjunction with a surficial geologic map to further refine flood-plain delineation on fans. To test the accuracy of the numerical model, we compared model predictions of flood inundation and flow depths against field- and satellite-based flood maps for two recent extreme events on the southern Tortolita and Harquahala piedmonts in Arizona. Model predictions match the field- and satellite-based maps closely. Probabilistic flood hazard maps based on the 10 yr, 100 yr, and maximum floods were also constructed for the study areas using stream gage records and paleoflood deposits. The resulting maps predict spatially complex flood hazards that strongly reflect small-scale topography and are consistent with surficial geology. In contrast, FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) based on the FAN model predict uniformly high flood risk across the study areas without regard for small-scale topography and surficial geology. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Arizona Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Pelletier, JD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jon@geo.arizona.edu NR 54 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 28 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 117 IS 9-10 BP 1167 EP 1180 DI 10.1130/B255440.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 960JT UT WOS:000231587300005 ER PT J AU Kunk, MJ Wintsch, RP Naeser, CW Naeser, ND Southworth, CS Drake, AA Becker, JL AF Kunk, MJ Wintsch, RP Naeser, CW Naeser, ND Southworth, CS Drake, AA Becker, JL TI Contrasting tectonothermal domains and faulting in the Potomac terrane, Virginia-Maryland-discrimination by Ar-40/Ar-39 and fission-track thermochronology SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE potomac terrane; argon geochronology; muscovite; tectonic assemblage; Plummers Island fault ID AGE-SPECTRA; WHITE MICAS; METAMORPHISM; CONSTRAINTS; MUSCOVITE; PIEDMONT; ZIRCON; ARGON; GEOCHRONOLOGY; DEFORMATION AB New Ar-40/Ar-39 data reveal ages and thermal discontinuities that identify mapped and unmapped fault boundaries in the Potomac terrane in northern Virginia, thus confirming previous interpretations that it is a composite terrane. The rocks of the Potomac terrane were examined along the Potomac River, where it has been previously subdivided into three units: the Mather Gorge, Sykesville, and Laurel Formations. In the Mather Gorge Formation, at least two metamorphic thermal domains were identified, the Blockhouse Point and Bear Island domains, separated by a fault active in the late Devonian. Early Ordovician (ca. 475 Ma) cooling ages of amphibole in the Bear Island domain reflect cooling from Taconic metamorphism, whereas the Blockhouse Point domain was first metamorphosed in the Devonian. The Ar-40/Ar-39 data from muscovites in a third (eastern) domain within the Mather Gorge Formation, the Stubblefield Falls domain, record thrusting of the Sykesville Formation over the Mather Gorge Formation on the Plummers Island fault in the Devonian. The existence of two distinctly different thermal domains separated by a tectonic boundary within the Mather Gorge argues against its status as a formation. Hornblende cooling ages in the Sykesville Formation are Early Devonian (ca. 400 Ma), reflecting cooling from Taconic and Acadian metamorphism. The ages of retrograde and overprinting muscovite in phyllonites from domain-bounding faults are late Devonian (Acadian) and late Pennsylvanian (Alleghanian), marking the time of assembly of these domains and subsequent movement on the Plummers Island fault. Our data indicate that net vertical motion between the Bear Island domain of the Mather Gorge complex and the Sykesville Formation across the Plummers Island fault is east-side-up. Zircon fission-track cooling ages demonstrate thermal equilibrium across the Potomac terrane in the early Permian, and apatite fission-track cooling ages record tilting of the Potomac terrane in the Cretaceous or later with the west side up at least 1 km. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kunk, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 963, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mkunk@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 117 IS 9-10 BP 1347 EP 1366 DI 10.1130/B25599.1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 960JT UT WOS:000231587300015 ER PT J AU Cole, KL Arundel, ST AF Cole, KL Arundel, ST TI Carbon isotopes from fossil packrat pellets and elevational movements of Utah agave plants reveal the Younger Dryas cold period in Grand Canyon, Arizona SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Younger Dryas; Grand Canyon; C-13; packrat middens; Agave utahensis; Pleistocene-; Holocene transition ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; RADIOCARBON; CALIFORNIA; RESOLUTION; GREENLAND; HOLOCENE; MIDDENS; MODEL; WET AB Carbon isotopes in rodent fecal pellets were measured on packrat (Neotoma spp.) middens from the Grand Canyon, Arizona. The pellet samples reflect the abundance of cold-intolerant C4 and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant species relative to the predominant C3 vegetation in the packrat diet. The temporal sequence of isotopic results suggests a temperature decline followed by a sharp increase corresponding to the Boiling/ Allerod-Younger Dryas-early Holocene sequence. This pattern was then tested using the past distribution of Utah agave (Agave utahensis). Spatial analyses of the range of this temperature-sensitive CAM species demonstrate that its upper elevational limit is controlled by winter minimum temperature. Applying this paleotemperature proxy to the past ellevational limits of Utah agave suggests that minimum winter temperatures were similar to 8 degrees C below modern values during the Last Glacial Maximum, 4.5-6.5 degrees C below modern during the Bolling/Allerod, and 7.5-8.7 degrees C below modern during the early Younger Dryas. As the Younger Dryas terminated, temperatures warmed similar to 4 degrees C between ca. 11.8 ka and 11.5 ka. These extreme fluctuations in winter minimum temperature have not been generally accepted for terrestrial paleoecological records from the and southwestern United States, likely because of large statistical uncertainties of older radiocarbon results and reliance on proxies for summer temperatures, which were less affected. C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Geog Planning & Recreat, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Cole, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM ken-cole@usgs.gov; Samantha.Arundel@nau.edu NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 33 IS 9 BP 713 EP 716 DI 10.1130/G21769.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 960JF UT WOS:000231585800006 ER PT J AU Johnson, RH Poeter, EP AF Johnson, RH Poeter, EP TI Iterative use of the Bruggeman-Hanai-Sen mixing model to determine water saturations in sand SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The accuracy of the Bruggeman-Hanai-Sen (BHS) mixing model has been previously demonstrated for two-material mixtures during BHS model development. Using permittivities determined from modeling groundpenetrating radar (GPR) data, the BHS model has been iteratively applied to three-material mixtures of water, sand, and a dense, nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL). However, the accuracy of this application has not been verified. A 10-cm air-line system driven by a network analyzer is used to measure bulk permittivitities when the water saturations in a sand are varied (frequency range of 20 to 200 MHz). Through iterative use of the BHS mixing model, the measured permittivities are used to calculate water saturations, which are compared to known saturation values. An iterative BHS mixing model for an air/water/sand system must consider which two-material end member (air/sand or water/sand) represents the matrix term in the original two-material BHS model. An air/sand matrix provides the best accuracy for low water saturations, and a water/sand matrix provides the best accuracy for high water saturations; thus, a new weighted model is developed. For a given porosity and a measured bulk permittivity, water saturation is most accurately determined by proportionally weighting the water saturation values determined using air/sand as the matrix and water/sand as the matrix in the BHS model. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnson, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rhjohnso@usgs.gov; epoeter@mines.edu NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 70 IS 5 BP K33 EP K38 DI 10.1190/1.2049348 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 970HA UT WOS:000232294700014 ER PT J AU Foley, KM AF Foley, KM TI Antarctic coastal change and glaciology SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USGS, Denver, CO USA. RP Foley, KM (reprint author), USGS, Denver, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD SEP PY 2005 VL 50 IS 9 BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 962SI UT WOS:000231752200033 ER PT J AU Williams, DA Keszthelyi, LP Schenk, PM Milazzo, MP Lopes, RMC Rathbun, JA Greeley, R AF Williams, DA Keszthelyi, LP Schenk, PM Milazzo, MP Lopes, RMC Rathbun, JA Greeley, R TI The Zamama-Thor region of Io: Insights from a synthesis of mapping, topography, and Galileo spacecraft data SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE satellites of Jupiter Io; geological processes; volcanism; surfaces (satellite) ID JUPITERS MOON IO; SILICATE VOLCANISM; PHOTOPOLARIMETER-RADIOMETER; ACTIVE VOLCANISM; SATELLITE IO; IMAGING DATA; SULFUR FLOW; LAVA FLOWS; SO2 FROST; HOT-SPOTS AB We have studied data from the Galileo spacecraft's three remote sensing instruments (Solid-State Imager (SSI), Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS), and Photopolarimeter-Radiometer (PPR)) covering the Zamama-Thor region of Io's antijovian hemisphere, and produced a geomorphological map of this region. This is the third of three regional maps we are producing from the Galileo spacecraft data. Our goal is to assess the variety of volcanic and tectonic materials and their interrelationships on Io using planetary mapping techniques, supplemented with all available Galileo remote sensing data. Based on the Galileo data analysis and our mapping, we have determined that the most recent geologic activity in the Zamama-Thor region has been dominated by two sites of large-scale volcanic surface changes. The Zamama Eruptive Center is a site of both explosive and effusive eruptions, which emanate from two relatively steep edifices (Zamama Tholi A and B) that appear to be built by both silicate and sulfur volcanism. A similar to 100-km long flow field formed sometime after the 1979 Voyager flybys, which appears to be a site of promethean-style compound flows, flow-front SO2 plumes, and adjacent sulfur flows. Larger, possibly stealthy, plumes have on at least one occasion during the Galileo mission tapped a source that probably includes S and/or Cl to produce a red pyroclastic deposit from the same vent from which silicate lavas were erupted. The Thor Eruptive Center, which may have been active prior to Voyager, became active again during the Galileo mission between May and August 2001. A pillanian-style eruption at Thor included the tallest plume observed to date on to (at least 500 km high) and new dark lava flows. The plume produced a central dark pyroclastic deposit (probably silicate-rich) and an outlying white diffuse ring that is SO2-rich. Mapping shows that several of the new dark lava flows around the plume vent have reoccupied sites of earlier flows. Unlike most of the other pillanian eruptions observed during the Galileo mission, the 2001 Thor eruption did not produce a large red ring deposit, indicating a relative lack of S and/or Cl gases interacting with the magma during that eruption. Between these two eruptive centers are two paterae, Thomagata and Reshef. Thomagata Patera is located on a large shield-like mesa and shows no signs of activity. In contrast, Reshef Patera is located on a large, irregular mesa that is apparently undergoing degradation through erosion (perhaps from SO2-sapping or chemical decomposition of sulfur-rich material) from multiple secondary volcanic centers. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Redlands, Dept Phys, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. RP Williams, DA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM david.williams@asu.edu RI Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 76 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP PY 2005 VL 177 IS 1 BP 69 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.03.005 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 958XL UT WOS:000231481400005 ER PT J AU Zhou, GQ Chen, WR Kelmelis, JA Zhang, DY AF Zhou, GQ Chen, WR Kelmelis, JA Zhang, DY TI A comprehensive study on urban true orthorectification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE large-scale; mapping standard; national mapping; orthoimage; true orthorectification; urban ID ORTHOPHOTO GENERATION; DIGITAL ORTHOPHOTOS; IKONOS IMAGERY; AERIAL IMAGES; BUILDINGS; SHADOWS; PHOTOGRAPHS; AREAS; MAP AB To provide some advanced technical bases (algorithms and procedures) and experience needed for national large-scale digital orthophoto generation and revision of the Standards for National Large-Scale City Digital Orthophoto in the National Digital Orthophoto Program (NDOP), this paper presents a comprehensive study on theories, algorithms, and methods of large-scale urban orthoimage generation. The procedures of orthorectification for digital terrain model (DTM)-based and digital building model (DBM)-based orthoimage generation and their mergence for true orthoimage generation are discussed in detail. A method of compensating for building occlusions using photogrammetric geometry is developed. The data structure needed to model urban buildings for accurately generating urban orthoimages is presented. Shadow detection and removal, the optimization of seamline for automatic mosaic, and the radiometric balance of neighbor images are discussed. Street visibility analysis, including the relationship between flight height, building height, street width, and relative location of the street to the imaging center, is analyzed for complete true orthoimage generation. The experimental results demonstrated that our method can effectively and correctly orthorectify the displacements caused by terrain and buildings in urban large-scale aerial images. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Technol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. E China Inst Technol, Dept Surveying Engn, Jiangxi 344000, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, GQ (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Technol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM gzhou@odu.edu NR 36 TC 33 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2005 VL 43 IS 9 BP 2138 EP 2147 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.848417 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 959TM UT WOS:000231542200020 ER PT J AU Budowle, B Garofano, P Hellman, A Ketchum, M Kanthaswamy, S Parson, W van Haeringen, W Fain, S Broad, T AF Budowle, B Garofano, P Hellman, A Ketchum, M Kanthaswamy, S Parson, W van Haeringen, W Fain, S Broad, T TI Recommendations for animal DNA forensic and identity testing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE forensic science; guidelines; animal genetics; DNA typing ID INTERNATIONAL-SOCIETY; Y-CHROMOSOME; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; TANDEM REPEAT; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; DOG; COMMISSION; GENETICS; HAIR; LOCI AB Genetic analysis in animals has been used for many applications, such as kinship analysis, for determining the sire of an offspring when a female has been exposed to multiple males, determining parentage when an animal switches offspring with another dam, extended lineage reconstruction, estimating inbreeding, identification in breed registries, and speciation. It now also is being used increasingly to characterize animal materials in forensic cases. As such, it is important to operate under a set of minimum guidelines that assures that all service providers have a template to follow for quality practices. None have been delineated for animal genetic identity testing. Based on the model for human DNA forensic analyses, a basic discussion of the issues and guidelines is provided for animal testing to include analytical practices, data evaluation, nomenclature, allele designation, statistics, validation, proficiency testing, lineage markers, casework files, and reporting. These should provide a basis for professional societies and/or working groups to establish more formalized recommendations. C1 FBI Lab, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. UNIRELAB Srl, Forens Genet Div, I-20019 Milan, Italy. Bundeskriminalamt Kriminaltech Inst, D-65173 Wiesbaden, Germany. DNA Diagnost & Shelterwood Labs, Timpson, TX 75975 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Vet Genet Lab Forens, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Innsbruck Med Univ, Inst Legal Med, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Dr Van Haeringen Lab BV, NL-6708 Wageningen, Netherlands. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. Univ Queensland, Australian Equine Genet Res Ctr, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Budowle, B (reprint author), FBI Lab, 2501 Invest Pkwy, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. EM bruce.budowle@ic.fbi.gov NR 45 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0937-9827 J9 INT J LEGAL MED JI Int. J. Legal Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 119 IS 5 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s00414-005-0545-9 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 961GD UT WOS:000231649000007 PM 15834735 ER PT J AU McDonald, IR Kampfer, P Topp, E Warner, KL Cox, MJ Hancock, TLC Miller, LG Larkin, MJ Ducrocq, V Coulter, C Harper, DB Murrell, JC Oremland, RS AF McDonald, IR Kampfer, P Topp, E Warner, KL Cox, MJ Hancock, TLC Miller, LG Larkin, MJ Ducrocq, V Coulter, C Harper, DB Murrell, JC Oremland, RS TI Aminobacter ciceronei sp nov and Aminobacter lissarensis sp nov., isolated from various terrestrial environments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLOROMETHANE-UTILIZING BACTERIA; CHELATOBACTER-HEINTZII; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; METHYL-BROMIDE; GEN. NOV.; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION; SEQUENCE; ENZYME AB The bacterial strains IMB-1(T) and CC495(T), which are capable of growth on methyl chloride (CH3Cl, chloromethane) and methyl bromide (CH3Br, bromomethane), were isolated from agricultural soil in California fumigated with CH3Br, and woodland soil in Northern Ireland, respectively. Two pesticide-/herbicide-degrading bacteria, strains ER2 and C147, were isolated from agricultural soil in Canada. Strain ER2 degrades N-methyl carbamate insecticides, and Strain C147 degrades triazine herbicides widely used in agriculture. On the basis of their morphological, physiological and genotypic characteristics, these four strains are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Aminobacter, for which the names Aminobacter ciceronei sp. nov. (type strain IMB-1(T) =ATCC 202197(T)=CIP 108660(T)= CCUG 50580(T); strains ER2 and C147) and Aminobacter lissarensis sp. nov. (type strain CC495T =NCIMB 13798 T=CIP 108661(T)= CCUG 50579(T)) are proposed. C1 Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Giessen, Inst Angew Mikrobiol, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. Agr & Agri Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Questor Ctr, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Agr & Food Sci, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. RP McDonald, IR (reprint author), Univ Waikato, Dept Biol Sci, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand. EM i.mcdonald@waikato.ac.nz RI McDonald, Ian/A-4851-2008; Cox, Michael/A-6959-2010; Murrell, John/B-1443-2012; OI McDonald, Ian/0000-0002-4847-6492; Cox, Michael/0000-0002-4002-1506; Topp, Ed/0000-0002-8273-9372 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 55 BP 1827 EP 1832 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.63716-0 PN 5 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 969MZ UT WOS:000232239600014 PM 16166673 ER PT J AU Halos, D Hart, SA Hershberger, P Kocan, R AF Halos, D Hart, SA Hershberger, P Kocan, R TI Ichthyophonus in Puget Sound rockfish from the San Juan Islands archipelago and Puget Sound, Washington, USA SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEBASTES-EMPHAEUS STARKS; HOFERI; GROWTH AB In vitro explant cultures identified Ichthyophonus in 10.9% of 302 Puget Sound rockfish Sebastes emphaeus sampled from five sites in the San Juan Islands archipelago and Puget Sound, Washington, in 2003. None of the infected fish exhibited visible lesions and only a single fish was histologically positive. Significantly more females were infected (12.4%) than males (6.8%), and while infected males were only detected at two of the five sites, infected females were identified at all sites, with no significant differences in infection prevalence. Genomic sequences of Ichthyophonus isolates obtained from Puget Sound rockfish, Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, and Yukon River Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were identical in both the A and B regions of the small subunit 18S ribosomal DNA but were different from Ichthyophonus sequences previously isolated from four different species of rockfish from the northeastern Pacific Ocean Ichthyophonu.s in Puget Sound rockfish may not have been previously detected because the infection is subclinical in this species and earlier investigators did not utilize in vitro techniques for diagnosis of ichthyophoniasis. However, since clinical ichthyophoniasis has recently been identified in several other species of northeast Pacific rockfishes, it is hypothesized that this either is an emerging disease resulting from changing marine conditions or the result of introduction by infected southern species that appear during periodic El Nino events. C1 Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Marrowstone Isl Res Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kocan, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, 620 Univ Rd, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. EM kocan@u.washington.edu NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD SEP PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 BP 222 EP 227 DI 10.1577/H04-041.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 962CK UT WOS:000231708400003 ER PT J AU Facey, DE Blazer, VS Gasper, MM Turcotte, CL AF Facey, DE Blazer, VS Gasper, MM Turcotte, CL TI Using fish biomarkers to monitor improvements in environmental quality SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH MONITORS; AGE AB The percentage of splenic tissue occupied by macrophage aggregates and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were evaluated in rock bass Ambloplites rupestris from Burlington Harbor, Vermont. In 1992, fish collected from the inner Burlington Harbor area had a significantly greater percentage of splenic tissue occupied by macrophage aggregates and greater HSI than did fish from reference sites. These biomarkers often are correlated with exposure to various contaminants (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and some heavy metals, which were found in Burlington Harbor sediments during surveys in 1990 and 1991). Contaminants are believed to have entered Burlington Harbor through the city's main sewage treatment plant, which discharged effluent into the harbor for many years. In 1994, the city completed a significant upgrade of this treatment plant, which included an extension of the effluent pipe beyond the inner harbor area. In 1999, rock bass were again collected from Burlington Harbor as an index of whether there was any improvement in environmental quality. Our data showed a significantly lower percentage of splenic tissue occupied by macrophage aggregates and significantly lower HSI among nine age-4 rock bass in 1999 than among six age-4 rock bass in 1992. The significant changes in these biomarkers suggest decreased exposure to contaminants. Our study reinforces the value of macrophage aggregates and HSI as biomarkers of environmental contamination, and the correlation with remedial action shows their potential utility in documenting improvements in environmental conditions. C1 St Michaels Coll, Dept Biol, Colchester, VT 05439 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Facey, DE (reprint author), St Michaels Coll, Dept Biol, Colchester, VT 05439 USA. EM dfacey@smcvt.edu NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD SEP PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 BP 263 EP 266 DI 10.1577/H04-055.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 962CK UT WOS:000231708400008 ER PT J AU Cipriano, RC AF Cipriano, RC TI Intraovum infection caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum among eggs from captive Atlantic salmon broodfish SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COLD-WATER DISEASE; RAINBOW-TROUT; CYTOPHAGA-PSYCHROPHILA; COHO SALMON; SALAR L; TRANSMISSION; SARCOMA; AGENT; FISH AB This study indicated that the bacterium Flavobacterium psychophilum induced an infection within eggs of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar that were held at federal New England restoration facilities. The pathogen, which originated from the Connecticut, Penobscot, Machias, East Machias, Dennys, Narraguagus, and Sheepscot rivers, was obtained from these eggs at concentrations that ranged from 5.0 X 10(2) to 2.5 X 10(8) loft colony-forming units per grain of egg, despite successive treatments with povidone iodine (I-2). Treatments consisted of 50 mg/L of water for 30 min, then 100 mg/L for 10 min, followed at the eyed egg stage by 100 mg/L for 60 min. Collectively, 63% of the egg lots (77 of 122) obtained from paired coatings of these captive broodfish were infected; 39% of these lots contained 10 or fewer infected eggs (60 eggs sampled per lot), and less than 10% of the lots contained more than 20 positive eggs. Consequently, standard iodophor disinfection procedures were ineffective. Eggs were positive from each of the river-specific captive brood populations during both of the spawning cycles that were studied. I concluded that F. psychrophilum established an intraovum infection that was prevalent among captive brood lots from different New England watersheds. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Cipriano, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM rcipriano@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD SEP PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1577/H05-003.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 962CK UT WOS:000231708400010 ER PT J AU Cordes, JF Perkins, DL Kincaid, HL May, B AF Cordes, JF Perkins, DL Kincaid, HL May, B TI Genetic analysis of fish genomes and populations: allozyme variation within and among Atlantic salmon from Downeast rivers of Maine SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Genetic Protein Variation in the Atlantic Salmon CY JUN 12-15, 2002 CL FRS Marine Lab, Aberdeen, SCOTLAND SP Atlantic Salmon Trust, Eurpean Commiss HO FRS Marine Lab DE allozymes; genetic variation; northeastern US; population genetics; salmonidae; Salmo salar ID SALAR L; SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS; HATCHERY STOCKS; NORTH-AMERICAN; F-STATISTICS; POLYMORPHISM; DIVERSITY; PROTEIN; LOCI; PATTERNS AB Analysis of genetic variation within and among samples of naturally produced Atlantic salmon (n = 372) from 7 Maine (U.S.A.) and one Canadian river were conducted based on 54 allozyme loci. Eight of the 54 loci proved polymorphic, and estimated heterozygosities (H-S) based on all loci ranged from 0.012 to 0.026 (mean = 0.021, S.E. = 0.002). Only one of 56 tests revealed genotypic proportions that deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Genetic distances (D) between samples ranged from 0.002 to 0.022. No obvious association existed between genetic and geographic distances. Cluster analysis of genetic distances revealed the Dennys River sample as the most differentiated when all samples were included in the analysis, though bootstrap support of the cluster analysis was generally weak. G-tests revealed significant differences in allele frequencies among samples at five of the polymorphic loci, and the G-value summed over all loci also indicated significant differences among samples. F-ST values indicated that 3.4% of the total genetic diversity was due to variability among samples, while 96.6% was due to variability within samples. These results indicate that the Atlantic salmon analyzed in this study had levels of genetic variability and differentiation among samples comparable to native populations from other areas collected across a similar geographic range. (c) 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Genom Variat Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Genome Variat Anal Facil, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fishery R&D Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP May, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Genom Variat Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bpmay@ucdavis.edu NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 67 SU A BP 104 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00842.x PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 966HX UT WOS:000232011800006 ER PT J AU Tiemann, JS Gillette, DP Wildhaber, ML Edds, DR AF Tiemann, JS Gillette, DP Wildhaber, ML Edds, DR TI Effects of lowhead dams on the ephemeropterans, plecopterans, and trichopterans group in a North American river SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MACROINVERTEBRATES; IMPOUNDMENT; COMMUNITIES; DOWNSTREAM; FISH; REMOVAL AB We assessed the effects of lowhead dams on the EPT group (ephemeropterans, plecopterans, and trichopterans) by sampling habitat and macroinvertebrates monthly from November 2000 to October 2001 at eight gravel bars centered around two lowhead dams on the Neosho River, Lyon County, Kansas. Sites included a reference and treatment site upstream and downstream from each dam. Percent EPT was greater at reference sites than upstream treatment sites, and was positively correlated with stream velocity and %gravel in the substrate, but negatively correlated with substrate compaction and %boulder in the substrate. These results are similar to those for large dams and suggest that differences in habitat around these lowhead dams are unfavorable for EPT taxa, a finding important to the conservation and restoration of biotic integrity in riverine ecosystems. C1 Emporia State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Tiemann, JS (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Biodivers, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM jtiemann@inhs.uiuc.edu NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 519 EP 525 DI 10.1080/02705060.2005.9664812 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 954WC UT WOS:000231184900012 ER PT J AU Dieterman, DJ Galat, DL AF Dieterman, DJ Galat, DL TI Variation in body form, taste buds, and brain patterns of the sicklefin chub, Macrhybopsis meeki, in the Missouri River and lower Yellowstone River, USA SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; MORPHOLOGY; SALMON; EVOLUTIONARY; POPULATIONS; SHAPE AB The sicklefin chub (Macrhybopsis meeki) is a large river, turbid water, small-bodied fish whose range in the Missouri River system decreased following river channelization and construction of mainstem impoundments. We examined selected phenotypic traits that might be expected to vary in response to the increased velocity in the channelized, lower river and turbidity reduction in the upper river. Sicklefin chub body morphology differed among river areas with chubs in the higher velocity channelized area appearing more hydrodynamically streamlined with longer heads and shorter caudal regions. Sicklefin chubs in the more turbid waters had the highest numbers of compound taste buds on the pectoral and pelvic fins and the shortest optic brain lobes, whereas in the clearest waters chubs had the fewest taste. buds and shortest olfactory brain lobes. This indicates that sicklefin chubs in the Missouri River system are responding to increased water clarity by. reducing their dependency on phenotypic traits that promote food detection with senses of taste and smell. However, optic brain lobes were not longest in the clearest waters suggesting that chubs have not concomittently developed traits associated with visual senses. Sicklefin chubs may still be adapting to river modifications. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Dieterman, DJ (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Off, 1801 S Oak St, Lake City, MN 55041 USA. EM douglas.dieterman@dnr.state.mn.us NR 39 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 561 EP 573 DI 10.1080/02705060.2005.9664772 PG 13 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 954WC UT WOS:000231184900017 ER PT J AU Handley, LR Lockwood, CM Handley, N AF Handley, LR Lockwood, CM Handley, N TI Back to the basics: Birmingham, Alabama, measurement and scale SO JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Back to the Basics: Birmingham, Alabania is the fourth in a series of workshops that focus on teaching foundational map reading and spatial differentiation skills. It is the second published exercise from the Back to the Basics series developed by the Wetland Education through Maps and Aerial Photography (WETMAAP) Program (see Journal of Geography 103, 5: 226-230). Like its predecessor, the current exercise is modified from the Birmingham Back to the Basics workshop offered during the annual National Council for Geographic Education meeting. The focus of this exercise is on scale and measurement, foundational skills for spatial thinking and analysis. C1 US Geol Survey, NWRC, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Handley, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, NWRC, Lafayette, LA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL COUNCIL GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION PI INDIANA PA INDIANA UNIV PENNSYLVANIA, INDIANA, PA 15705 USA SN 0022-1341 J9 J GEOGR JI J. Geogr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 104 IS 5 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1080/00221340508978988 PG 6 WC Geography SC Geography GA 980NH UT WOS:000233024700006 ER PT J AU Boone, MD AF Boone, MD TI Juvenile frogs compensate for small metamorph size with terrestrial growth: Overcoming the effects of larval density and insecticide exposure SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN COMMUNITIES; FIELD ENCLOSURES; AMBYSTOMA-OPACUM; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; LEOPARD FROGS; PREDATION; COMPETITION; ECOLOGY; FITNESS; TOADS AB I reared four species of anurans (Rana sphenocephala [Southern Leopard Frog], Rana blairi [Plains Leopard Frog], Rana clamitans [Green Frog], and Bufo woodhousii [Woodhouse's Toad]) for seven to 12 months in small, outdoor terrestrial enclosures (1 x 2 m) to examine the consequences of larval competition (via density) and contaminant exposure (via the insecticide carbaryl). I added six Rana clamitans, eight Rana sphenocephala, eight Rana blairi, and 10 Bufo woodhousii to terrestrial enclosures shortly after metamorphosis and recaptured them during the following spring. All anurans from low-density ponds were significantly larger than those from high-density ponds, but these size differences did not significantly affect survival to or size at spring emergence. However, R. sphenocephata, R. blairi, and R. clamitans that survived to spring had been larger at metamorphosis on average than those that did not survive; in contrast, B. woodhousii that survived the winter were smaller at metamorphosis on average than those that did not survive. Carbaryl exposure affected mass at metamorphosis of R. clamitans and B. woodhousii that were added to enclosures, but this difference disappeared or did not increase by spring emergence. Overall, exposure to carbaryl during the larval period did not have any apparent effects on survival or growth during the terrestrial phase. In my study, anurans were able to offset small size at metamorphosis with terrestrial growth, although there was a trend of reduced overwinter survival for ranid species that metamorphosed at a smaller size. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Boone, MD (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Zool, 212 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM boonemd@muohio.edu NR 30 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 21 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 416 EP 423 DI 10.1670/187-04A.1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 967TT UT WOS:000232114800012 ER PT J AU Zielinski, BS Fredricks, K McDonald, R Zaidi, AU AF Zielinski, Barbara S. Fredricks, Kim McDonald, Rod Zaidi, Aliya U. TI Morphological and electrophysiological examination of olfactory sensory neurons during the early developmental prolarval stage of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus L SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCYTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOMERONASAL SYSTEM; FINE-STRUCTURE; EPITHELIUM; ULTRASTRUCTURE; EMBRYOS; LARVAL; FETUS; CELLS AB This study examined olfactory sensory neuron morphology and physiological responsiveness in newly hatched sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L. These prolarvae hatch shortly after neural tube formation, and stay within nests for approximately 18 days, before moving downstream to silty areas where they burrow, feed and pass to the larval stage. To explore the possibility that the olfactory system is functioning during this prolarval stage, morphological and physiological development of olfactory sensory neurons was examined. The nasal cavity contained an olfactory epithelium with ciliated olfactory sensory neurons. Axons formed aggregates in the basal portion of the olfactory epithelium and spanned the narrow distance between the olfactory epithelium and the brain. The presence of asymmetric synapses with agranular vesicles within fibers in the brain, adjacent to the olfactory epithelium suggests that there was synaptic connectivity between olfactory sensory axons and the brain. Neural recordings from the surface of the olfactory epithelium showed responses following the application of L-arginine, taurocholic acid, petromyzonol sulfate (a lamprey migratory pheromone), and water conditioned by conspecifics. These results suggest that lampreys may respond to olfactory sensory input during the prolarval stage. C1 Univ Windsor, Dept Biol Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. RP Zielinski, BS (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Dept Biol Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM Zielin1@uwindsor.ca NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-4864 J9 J NEUROCYTOL JI J. Neurocytol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3-5 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s11068-005-8354-0 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Neurosciences SC Cell Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063RK UT WOS:000239037100003 PM 16841164 ER PT J AU Rigby, JK Karl, SM Blodgett, RB Baichtal, JE AF Rigby, JK Karl, SM Blodgett, RB Baichtal, JE TI Ordovician "sphinctozoan" sponges from Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A faunule of silicified hypercalcified "sphinctozoan" sponges has been recovered from a clast of Upper Ordovician limestone out of the Early Devonian Karheen Formation on Prince of Wales Island in southeastern Alaska. Included in the faunule are abundant examples of the new genus Girtyocoeliana, represented by Girtyocoeliana epiporata (Rigby and Potter), and Corymbospongia adnata Rigby and Potter, along with rare Corymbospongia amplia n. sp., and Girtyocoelia(?) sp., plus common Amblysiphonella sp. I and rare Amblysiphonella(?) sp. 2. The assemblage is similar to that from Ordovician clasts from the eastern Klamath Mountains of northern California. This indicates that the Alexander terrane of southeastern Alaska is related paleogeographically to the lithologically and paleontologically similar terrane of the eastern Klamath Mountains. This lithology and fossil assemblage of the clast cannot be tied to any currently known local rock units on Prince of Wales Island. Other clasts in the conglomerate appear to have been locally derived, so it is inferred that the limestone clasts were also locally derived, indicating the presence of a previously undocumented Ordovician limestone unit on northern Prince of Wales Island. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Geol Survey, BR Alaskan Geol, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Thorne Bay, AK 99919 USA. RP Rigby, JK (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM rigbyjkeith@qwest.net; skarl@usgs.gov; blodgettr@bcc.orst.edu; jbaichtal@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 79 IS 5 BP 862 EP 870 DI 10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0862:OSSFPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 959KV UT WOS:000231517500003 ER PT J AU Pojeta, J Taylor, JE Darrough, G AF Pojeta, J Taylor, JE Darrough, G TI Matthevia (Polyplacophora) invades the Ordovician: The first reported post-Cambrian occurrence SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Indiana Univ Penn, Geosci Dept, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. RP Pojeta, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, US Geol Survey, MRC 137, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM pojetaj@si.edu NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1021 EP 1027 DI 10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[1021:MPITOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 959KV UT WOS:000231517500019 ER PT J AU Dreher, ST Eichelberger, JC Larsen, JF AF Dreher, ST Eichelberger, JC Larsen, JF TI The petrology and geochemistry of the Aniakchak caldera-forming ignimbrite, aleutian arc, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aniakchak; caldera-forming eruption; geochemistry; ignimbrite; silicic replenishment ID RETHINKING CHEMICAL ZONATION; FE-TI OXIDES; MAGMA CHAMBERS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; SILICIC MAGMAS; EVOLUTION; FRACTIONATION; RESERVOIRS; WITHDRAWAL; PENINSULA AB Aniakchak caldera, Alaska, produced a compositionally heterogeneous ignimbrite similar to 3400 years ago, which changes from rhyodacitic at the base to andesitic at the top of the eruptive sequence. Interpretations of compositionally heterogeneous ignimbrites typically include either in situ fractional crystallization of mafic magma and generation of a stratified magma body or replenishment of a silicic magma chamber by mafic inputs. Another possibility, silicic replenishment of a more mafic chamber, exists. Geochemical characteristics of the caldera-forming rhyodacite and several late pre-caldera rhyodacites indicate independent origins for each, within a maximum of similar to 5000 years prior to caldera formation. Isotopic considerations preclude derivation of the caldera-forming rhyodacite from the caldera-forming andesite. However, the caldera-forming rhyodacite can be explained as the residual liquid of a mostly crystallized basalt, with addition of crustal material. The Aniakchak andesite probably formed in a shallow chamber by successive mixing events involving small volumes of basalt and rhyodacite, together with contamination. The pre-caldera rhyodacites represent erupted portions of intruding silicic magma, whereas another portion homogenized with the resident mafic magma. The caldera-forming event reflects a large influx of rhyodacite, which erupted before significant mixing occurred and also triggered draining of much of the andesitic magma from the chamber. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Dreher, ST (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM s.t.dreher@durham.ac.uk RI Eichelberger, John/H-6199-2016 NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1747 EP 1768 DI 10.1093/petrology/egi032 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 957IA UT WOS:000231362300001 ER PT J AU Boal, CW AF Boal, CW TI Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Ecology and Management of Northern Goshawks - Preface SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM cboal@ttu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 985UF UT WOS:000233403500001 ER PT J AU Andersen, DE DeStefano, S Goldstein, MI Titus, K Crocker-Bedford, C Keane, JJ Anthony, RG Rosenfield, RN AF Andersen, DE DeStefano, S Goldstein, MI Titus, K Crocker-Bedford, C Keane, JJ Anthony, RG Rosenfield, RN TI Technical review of the status of Northern Goshawks in the western United States SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Northern Goshawks held in Conjunction with Annual Meeting of the Raptor-Research-Foundation CY SEP 04-05, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Raptor Res Fdn DE Northern Goshawk; Accipiter gentilis atricapillus; western US; status; review; population trend; genetic structure; habitat relations ID ACCIPITER-GENTILIS-ATRICAPILLUS; FOREST STRUCTURE; COEXISTING ACCIPITER; NESTING HABITAT; CROCKER-BEDFORD; PREY ABUNDANCE; COOPERS-HAWKS; AREAS; WASHINGTON; MANAGEMENT AB The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) was petitioned in 1997 to consider listing Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus) under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, west of the 1001 meridian of the contiguous United States. In their 12-mo finding issued in June 1998, the FWS determined that listing this population as threatened or endangered was not warranted and based that decision on review of existing population and habitat information. Because the status of goshawks in the western U.S. continues to be contentious and the FWS finding has been challenged, the Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. and The Wildlife Society jointly formed a committee to review information regarding the status of the goshawk population in the contiguous U.S. west of the 100(th), meridian. The committee was requested to: (1) determine if there is evidence of a population trend in goshawks in the western U.S., excluding Alaska; (2) determine if there is evidence that goshawks nesting in the eastern and western U.S. represent distinctive, genetically unique populations; and (3) evaluate evidence for goshawk-habitat relations, including any association with large, mostly-unbroken tracts of old growth and mature forests. Based on existing information, the committee concluded: (1) existing data are not adequate to assess population trend in goshawks west of the 100(th) meridian; (2) existing analyses of phylogeography have not provided evidence of genetic differences among recognized (atricapillus, laingi) or putative (apache) subspecies, and the genetic distinctness of atricapillus goshawks in western and eastern North America is not known; and (3) at present, assessing the status of goshawks solely using distribution of late-successional forests is not appropriate, based on the current understanding of goshawk-habitat relations, although goshawks clearly use and often select late-successional forests for nesting and foraging. We provide recommendations on information needs to assess status and population trend of goshawks in the western U.S. C1 US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. US Pk Serv, Grand Canyon Natl Pk, Grand Canyon, AZ 86023 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Andersen, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dea@umn.edu NR 92 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 14 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 192 EP 209 PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 985UF UT WOS:000233403500003 ER PT J AU Boal, CW Andersen, DE Kennedy, PL AF Boal, CW Andersen, DE Kennedy, PL TI Productivity and mortality of Northern Goshawks in Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Northern Goshawks held in Conjunction with Annual Meeting of the Raptor-Research-Foundation CY SEP 04-05, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Raptor Res Fdn DE Northern Goshawk; Accipiter gentilis; breeding; Minnesota; mortality; productivity ID ACCIPITER-GENTILIS-ATRICAPILLUS; SURVIVAL; FOOD AB Compared to other regions of North America, little information exists regarding Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) ecology and population dynamics in the western Great Lakes Region. We examined productivity and nesting habitat characteristics of goshawks in Minnesota from 1998-2001. Apparent nesting success varied annually from as low as 38% to as high as 83%. The Mayfield estimate of daily survival for nests was 0.992 +/- 0.002 (SE). The mean fledgling number across years was 1.85 +/- 0.14 for successful nests and 1.14 +/- 0.17 for all nesting attempts. Twenty-one percent of all nesting attempts failed, primarily due to predation or suspected predation (52%) and inclement weather (35%). Overall, productivity of goshawks in Minnesota was at the lower end of the range reported in other studies across western North America, which is not atypical for peripheral populations. During the 3-yr study, we recorded mortalities of nine (four males and five females; eight radio-marked and one unmarked) adult goshawks-causes of mortality were avian (33%) and mammalian (22%) predation, human persecution (22%), and unknown causes (22%). Fifty-six percent of mortalities occurred during the breeding season, and 44% occurred during the winter. Based on radiotelemetry data, we estimated adult annual survival to be 74 7.8%, which is similar to survival estimated using mark-recapture analysis in three western North America studies. C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Union, OR 97883 USA. RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM cboal@ttu.edu RI Kennedy, Patricia/I-4902-2015 OI Kennedy, Patricia/0000-0002-2090-1821 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 222 EP 228 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 985UF UT WOS:000233403500005 ER PT J AU Smithers, BL Boal, CW Andersen, DE AF Smithers, BL Boal, CW Andersen, DE TI Northern Goshawk diet in Minnesota: An analysis using video recording systems SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Northern Goshawks held in Conjunction with Annual Meeting of the Raptor-Research-Foundation CY SEP 04-05, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Raptor Res Fdn DE Northern Goshawk; Accipiter gentilis; diet; Minnesota; prey diversity; red squirrel; Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ID PREY; ACCIPITER; FOOD AB We used video-recording systems to collect diet information at 13 Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) nests in Minnesota during the 2000, 2001, and 2002 breeding seasons. We collected 4871 hr of video footage, from which 652 prey deliveries were recorded. The majority of prey deliveries identified were mammals (62%), whereas birds (38%) composed a smaller proportion of diet. Mammals accounted for 61% of biomass delivered, and avian prey items accounted for 39% of prey biomass. Sciurids and leporids accounted for 70% of the identified prey. Red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus), and snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) were the dominant mammals identified in the diet, while American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) were the dominant avian prey delivered to nests. On average, breeding goshawks delivered 2.12 prey items/d, and each delivery averaged 275 g for a total of 551 g delivered/d. However, daily (P < 0.001) and hourly (P = 0.01) delivery rates varied among nests. Delivery rates (P = 0.01) and biomass delivered (P = 0.038) increased with brood size. Diversity and equitability of prey used was similar among nests and was low throughout the study area, most likely due to the dominance of red squirrel in the diet. C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Smithers, BL (reprint author), POB 1363, Meeker, CO 81641 USA. EM brett_smithers@blm.gov NR 45 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 264 EP 273 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 985UF UT WOS:000233403500010 ER PT J AU Rogers, AS DeStefano, S Ingraldi, MF AF Rogers, AS DeStefano, S Ingraldi, MF TI Quantifying Northern Goshawk diets using remote cameras and observations from blinds SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Northern Goshawks held in Conjunction with Annual Meeting of the Raptor-Research-Foundation CY SEP 04-05, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Raptor Res Fdn DE Northern Goshawk; Accipiter gentilis; prey-delivery rate; diet; remote camera; video surveillance ID MONITORING RAPTOR NESTS; VIDEO-SURVEILLANCE; GOLDEN EAGLES; PREY REMAINS; SYSTEM; ENVIRONMENT; WILDLIFE; FOOD AB Raptor diet is Most commonly measured indirectly, by analyzing castings and prey remains, or directly, by observing prey deliveries from blinds. Indirect methods are not only time consuming, but there is evidence to Suggest these methods may overestimate certain prey taxa within raptor diet. Remote video surveillance systems have been developed to aid in monitoring and data collection, but their use in field Situations can be challenging and is often untested. To investigate diet and prey delivery rates of Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), we operated 10 remote camera systems at occupied nests during the breeding seasons of 1999 and 2000 in east-central Arizona. We collected 2458 hr of useable video and successfully identified 627 (93%) prey items at least to Class (Aves, Mammalia, or Reptilia). Of prey items identified to genus, we identified 344 (81%) mammals, 62 (15%) birds, and 16 (4%) reptiles. During camera operation, we also conducted observations from blinds at a Subset of five nests to compare the relative efficiency and precision of both methods. Limited observations from blinds yielded fewer prey deliveries, and therefore, lower delivery rates (0.16 items/hr) than simultaneous video footage (0.28 items/hr). Observations from blinds resulted in fewer prey identified to the genus and species levels, when compared to data collected by remote cameras. Cameras provided a detailed and close view of nests, allowed for simultaneous recording at multiple nests, decreased observer bias and fatigue, and provided a permanent archive of data. C1 Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Holdsworth Nat Resource Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. RP Rogers, AS (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, 3500 S Lake Mary Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM arogers@azfd.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 303 EP 309 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 985UF UT WOS:000233403500014 ER PT J AU Desimone, SM DeStefano, S AF Desimone, SM DeStefano, S TI Temporal patterns of Northern Goshawk nest area occupancy and habitat: A retrospective analysis SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Northern Goshawks held in Conjunction with Annual Meeting of the Raptor-Research-Foundation CY SEP 04-05, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Raptor Res Fdn DE Northern Goshawk; Accipiter gentilis; habitat; historical new areas; landscape change; Oregon ID ACCIPITER-GENTILIS-ATRICAPILLUS; FIDELITY; OREGON; WASHINGTON; NORTHWEST; DENSITY; KENNEDY; STANDS AB We studied occupancy and habitat associations of Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) at nest areas in south-central Oregon in 1992-94. We surveyed 51 pre-1992 nest areas (i.e., historical breeding areas first discovered during 1973-91) for goshawks and used aerial-photograph interpretation to document forest cover conditions and changes over time between areas that were occupied by goshawks and those where we did not defect goshawks (no-response sites). We also surveyed for new nests during 1992-94. Of 38 occupied nests first found in 1992-94 (i.e., post-1992 nest areas), 86% (33/38) were in mid-aged (mean stand DBH > 53cm) closed (> 50% canopy closure) structural-stage forest. Occupancy examined for habitat change, 15 were occupied by goshawks was 29% (15/51). Of 46 pre-1992 and had more mid-aged and late closed forest in 12-, 24-, 52-, 120-, and 170-ha circular areas centered on nest locations than did 31 no-response areas. There was no difference in the amount of late closed and mid-aged closed forest in pre-1992 nest areas compared with occupied pre-1992 nest areas. A logistic regression model for all occupied nest areas that had about 50% of mature and older closed-canopy forest within 52-ha scale. We recommend retaining exisiting late closed, late open, and mid closed structure within 52-ha scale of he nest site. Moreover, late closed and mid closed structure combined should not fall below 50% within the 52-ha scale and should not exceed 40% within the 170-ha scale surrounding the nest site. To optimize conditions for breeding goshawks, we recommend retaining large trees (> 53 cm DBH) to help preseve stand integrity, maintain closed canopies, and provide connectivity to alernative nest sites within nest areas. C1 Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Desimone, SM (reprint author), Washington Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM desimsmd@dfw.wa.gov NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 310 EP 323 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 985UF UT WOS:000233403500015 ER PT J AU DeStefano, S AF DeStefano, S TI A review of the status and distribution of Northern Goshawks in New England SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Northern Goshawks held in Conjunction with Annual Meeting of the Raptor-Research-Foundation CY SEP 04-05, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Raptor Res Fdn DE Northern Goshawk; Accipiter gentilis; Connecticut; distribution; Maine; Massachusetts; New Hampshire; New England; northeastern US; Rhode Island; Vermont; status ID ACCIPITER-GENTILIS-ATRICAPILLUS; EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES; UNITED-STATES; FORESTS; LANDSCAPE; HABITATS; HEMLOCK; CONSEQUENCES; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS AB The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is a resident breeder throughout much of the forested landscape of New England and a winter resident in most of New England, except possibly for extreme northern portions. Historically, goshawk numbers and distribution presumably declined as agriculture and logging grew to dominate the region in the 19(th) century when large parts of New England were cleared upwards of 75% of the forest cover. Goshawks likely responded to reforestation during the middle and latter decades of the 20(th) century. However, most biologists agree that although goshawk numbers may be stable or perhaps increasing slightly today, their true status and distribution in this six-state region is largely unknown. Goshawks in New England nest in mature regrown coniferous, deciduous, and mixed forest. From a landscape perspective, conservation, maintenance, and enhancement of mature forest, as well as early successional-stage cover, are both necessary for this species in New England. Restoration and management of these cover types would benefit not only goshawks and their prey, but also a significant portion of the region's biodiversity. Because of the extensive and intensive relationships humans have had with the New England landscape over the past three centuries, the region would make a valuable Subject area for long-term monitoring and research on a wide-ranging top-level predator such as the goshawk. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP DeStefano, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM sdestef@forwild.umass.edu NR 55 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 342 EP 350 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 985UF UT WOS:000233403500018 ER PT J AU Pooler, PS Smith, DR AF Pooler, PS Smith, DR TI Optimal sampling design for estimating spatial distribution and abundance of a freshwater mussel population SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE systematic sampling; quadrat sampling; freshwater mussels; spatial distribution; kriging; estimating abundance ID DISTANCE METHODS; PATTERNS; DENSITY AB We compared the ability of simple random sampling (SRS) and a variety of systematic sampling (SYS) designs to estimate abundance, quantify spatial clustering, and predict spatial distribution of freshwater mussels. Sampling simulations were conducted using data obtained from a census of freshwater mussels in a 40 x 33 m section of the Cacapon River near Capon Bridge, West Virginia, and from a simulated spatially random population generated to have the same abundance as the real population. Sampling units that were 0.25 m(2) gave more accurate and precise abundance estimates and generally better spatial predictions than 1-m(2) sampling units. Systematic sampling with >= 2 random starts was more efficient than SRS. Estimates of abundance based on SYS were more accurate when the distance between sampling units across the stream was less than or equal to the distance between sampling units along the stream. Three measures for quantifying spatial clustering were examined: Hopkins Statistic, the Clumping Index, and Morisita's Index. Morisita's Index was the most reliable, and the Hopkins Statistic was prone to false rejection of complete spatial randomness. SYS designs with units spaced equally across and up stream provided the most accurate predictions when estimating the spatial distribution by kriging. Our research indicates that SYS designs with sampling units equally spaced both across and along the stream would be appropriate for sampling freshwater mussels even if no information about the true underlying spatial distribution of the population were available to guide the design choice. C1 US Geol Survey, Aquat Ecol Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Pooler, PS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat, Mail Code 0439, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ppooler@vt.edu; drsmith@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 20 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 525 EP 537 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2005)024\[0525:OSDFES\]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 965NI UT WOS:000231956900006 ER PT J AU Houser, JN Mulholland, PJ Maloney, KO AF Houser, JN Mulholland, PJ Maloney, KO TI Catchment disturbance and stream metabolism: patterns in ecosystem respiration and gross primary production along a gradient of upland soil and vegetation disturbance SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem respiration; primary production; catchment disturbance; land use; seasonal patterns; military reservation ID RIVER CONTINUUM CONCEPT; LAND-USE; RIPARIAN; INTEGRITY; MACROINVERTEBRATES; HABITATS; EXCHANGE; QUALITY; WATER AB Catchment characteristics determine the inputs of sediments and nutrients to streams. As a result, natural or anthropogenic disturbance of upland soil and vegetation can affect instream processes. The Fort Benning Military Installation (near Columbus, Georgia) exhibits a wide range of upland disturbance levels because of spatial variability in the intensity of military training. This gradient of disturbance was used to investigate the effect of upland soil and vegetation disturbance on rates of stream metabolism (ecosystem respiration rate [ER] and gross primary production rate [GPP]). Stream metabolism was measured using an open-system, single-station approach. All streams were net heterotrophic during all seasons. ER was highest in winter and spring and lowest in summer and autumn. ER was negatively correlated with catchment disturbance level in winter, spring, and summer, but not in autumn. ER was positively correlated with abundance of coarse woody debris, but not significantly related to % benthic organic matter. GPP was low in all streams and generally not significantly correlated with disturbance level. Our results suggest that the generally intact riparian zones of these streams were not sufficient to protect them from the effect of upland disturbance, and they emphasize the role of the entire catchment in determining stream structure and function. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Houser, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jhouser@usgs.gov; mulhollandpj@ornl.gov; malonko@auburn.edu RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Silva, Fausto/I-1873-2014; OI Houser, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3295-3132 NR 42 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 44 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 538 EP 552 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2005)024\[0538:CDASMP\]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 965NI UT WOS:000231956900007 ER PT J AU Roy, AH Freeman, MC Freeman, BJ Wenger, SJ Ensign, WE Meyer, JL AF Roy, AH Freeman, MC Freeman, BJ Wenger, SJ Ensign, WE Meyer, JL TI Investigating hydrologic alteration as a mechanism of fish assemblage shifts in urbanizing streams SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Urbanization and Stream Ecology CY DEC, 2003 CL Univ Melboune, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Melboune DE fishes; impervious surface cover; urbanization; hydrology; stormflow; baseflow; sediment; stormwater management ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; RIVER-BASIN; AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY; IMPERVIOUS SURFACES; WATER-QUALITY; URBANIZATION; AREA; MITIGATION; USA; HOMOGENIZATION AB Stream biota in urban and suburban settings are thought to be impaired by altered hydrology, however, it is unknown what aspects of the hydrograph alter fish assemblage structure and which fishes are most vulnerable to hydrologic alterations in small streams. We quantified hydrologic variables and fish assemblages in 30 small streams and their subcatchments (area 8-20 km(2)) in the Etowah River Catchment (Georgia, USA). We stratified streams and their subcatchments into 3 landcover categories based on imperviousness (< 10%, 10-20%, > 20% of subcatchment), and then estimated the degree of hydrologic alteration based on synoptic measurements of baseflow yield. We derived hydrologic variables from stage gauges at each study site for 1 y (January 2003-2004). Increased imperviousness was positively correlated with the frequency of storm events and rates of the rising and falling limb of the hydrograph (i.e., storm "flashiness") during most seasons. Increased duration of low flows associated with imperviousness only occurred during the autumn low-flow period, and this measure corresponded with increased richness of lentic tolerant species. Altered storm flows in summer and autumn were related to decreased richness of endemic, cosmopolitan, and sensitive fish species, and decreased abundance of lentic tolerant species. Species predicted to be sensitive to urbanization, based on specific life-history or habitat requirements, also were related to stormflow variables and % fine bed sediment in riffles. Overall, hydrologic variables explained 22 to 66% of the variation in fish assemblage richness and abundance. Linkages between hydrologic alteration and fish assemblages were potentially complicated by contrasting effects of elevated flows on sediment delivery and scour and mediating effects of high stream gradient on sediment delivery from elevated flows. However, stormwater management practices promoting natural hydrologic regimes are likely to reduce the impacts of catchment imperviousness on stream fish assemblages. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. RP Roy, AH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM roy.allison@epa.gov; mary_freeman@usgs.gov; bud@ttrout.ecology.uga.edu; swenger@uga.edu; bensign@kennesaw.edu; jlmeyer@uga.edu RI Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011 NR 61 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 5 U2 57 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 656 EP 678 DI 10.1899/04-022.1 PG 23 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 965NI UT WOS:000231956900016 ER PT J AU Danley, ML Kenney, PB Mazik, PM Kiser, R Hankins, JA AF Danley, ML Kenney, PB Mazik, PM Kiser, R Hankins, JA TI Effects of carbon dioxide exposure on intensively cultured rainbow trout Oneorhynchus mykiss: Physiological responses and fillet attributes SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACID-BASE REGULATION; RICH FRESH-WATER; SALMO-SALAR L.; ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; STRESS-RESPONSE; WHITE STURGEON; HYPERCAPNIA; GAIRDNERI AB Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (261.6 +/- 24.7 g initial weight, mean +/- SEM) at 13.1 +/- 0.2 C were exposed for 94 d to one of three CO(2) treatments: control (22.1 +/- 2.8 mg/L), medium (34.5 +/- 3.8 mg/L), or high (48.7 +/- 4.4 mg/L). Trout were checked daily for survival, and fish were sampled at 0, 28, 56, and 84 d for physiological responses, growth, and fillet quality assessments. Trout were also challenged to a 15-min crowding stress at 93 d to assess their ability to initiate a stress response during hypercapnia. Chronically exposed trout showed nearly 100% survival through 84 d exposure (I of 1,500 fish died). Growth and physiological results showed that increasing elevated CO(2) concentrations result in corresponding decreased growth rates and CO(2)-specific physiological parameters: The medium and high CO 2 treatments had significantly slower growth and subsequently smaller fish by 84 d. Exposed trout also showed significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plasma chloride for medium and high CO(2) treatments compared to the control from 28 through 84 d. Decreased growth and smaller fish in the medium and high CO(2) treatments resulted in correspondingly smaller fresh and smoked fillet weights. Chronic CO(2) exposure did not result in notable changes in ultimate muscle pH. Exposure to 15-min crowding stress at 93 d resulted in significant changes in hematocrit, plasma cortisol, glucose, and chloride for all treatment groups. CO(2)-specific changes were detected in hematocrit, plasma cortisol, and plasma chloride responses following the 15-min crowding stress. C1 W Virginia Univ, USGS WV Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Vet Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Conservat Funds Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Mazik, PM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, USGS WV Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 249 EP 261 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 971MP UT WOS:000232388700002 ER PT J AU Hill, DP Prejean, S AF Hill, DP Prejean, S TI Magmatic unrest beneath Mammoth Mountain, California SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mammoth Mountain; volcanic unrest; earthquake swarms; carbon dioxide; volcanic earthquakes ID LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSION; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE; CO2; LANDERS; SYSTEM; SEISMICITY; RESERVOIR; HELIUM AB Mammoth Mountain, which stands on the southwest rim of Long Valley caldera in eastern California, last erupted similar to 57,000 years BP. Episodic volcanic unrest detected beneath the mountain since late 1979, however, emphasizes that the underlying volcanic system is still active and capable of producing future volcanic eruptions. The unrest symptoms include swarms of small (M <= 3) earthquakes, spasmodic bursts (rapid-fire sequences of brittle-failure earthquakes with overlapping coda), long-period (LP) and very-long-period (VLP) volcanic earthquakes, ground deformation, diffuse emission of magmatic CO(2), and fumarole gases with elevated (3)He/(4)He ratios. Spatial-temporal relations defined by the multi-parameter monitoring data together with earthquake source mechanisms suggest that this Mammoth Mountain unrest is driven by the episodic release of a volume of CO(2)-rich hydrous magmatic fluid derived from the upper reaches of a plexus of basaltic dikes and sills at mid-crustal depths (10-20 km). As the mobilized fluid ascends through the brittle-plastic transition zone and into overlying brittle crust, it triggers earthquake swarm activity and, in the case of the prolonged, 11-month-long earthquake swarm of 1989, crustal deformation and the onset of diffuse CO(2) emissions. Future volcanic activity from this system would most likely involve steam explosions or small-volume, basaltic, strombolian or Hawaiaan style eruptions. The impact of such an event would depend critically on vent location and season. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hill, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hill@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 146 IS 4 BP 257 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.03.002 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 968OY UT WOS:000232173000001 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JW Novilla, MN Hatfield, JS AF Carpenter, JW Novilla, MN Hatfield, JS TI Efficacy of selected coccidiostats in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) following challenge SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE sandhill crane; Gras canadensis; coccidiosis; coccidiostat; amprolium; clasuril; monensin ID DISSEMINATED VISCERAL COCCIDIOSIS; WHOOPING CRANES; MONENSIN AB The anticoccidial efficacy of amprolium, clazuril, and monensin were studied in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) infected with a mixture of Eimeria spp. oocysts. Five groups of four 1-day-old sandhill crane chicks were maintained on a crumbled ration containing no coccidiostat, amprolium at 2.2 ppm, clazuril at 1.1 ppm, clazuril at 5.5 ppm, or monensin at 99 ppm. After 2 wk on their respective feeding regimens, birds in each of the five groups were administered 25 X 10(3) pooled sporulated Eimeria spp. oocysts per os and observed for another 3 wk. A sixth group of four chicks served as nonmedicated, nonchallenged control during the study. Clinical signs and lesions consistent with disseminated visceral coccidiosis were observed in all challenged controls and birds fed amprolium and clazuril. Birds in these groups died 9-10 days after challenge. In contrast, only one monensin-medicated bird had clinical signs of disseminated visceral coccidiosis, and it died 13 days after challenge (DAC). This and an asymptomatic bird that were necropsied at study termination had less-severe gross and microscopic lesions of disseminated visceral coccidiosis. Two of three monensin-treated birds that survived challenge passed from 50 to 500 coccidial oocysts 11 to 18 DAC but were negative at study termination. Of the coccidiostats tested, monensin, at the dietary level of 99 ppm, was the only anticoccidial drug that provided protection against experimentally induced disseminated visceral coccidiosis in sandhill cranes. C1 Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66505 USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Lab, Dept Pathol, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Carpenter, JW (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66505 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 391 EP 400 DI 10.1638/02-051.1 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 995QG UT WOS:000234118300003 PM 17312756 ER PT J AU Dunbar, MR Gregg, MA Crawford, JA Giordano, MR Tornquist, SJ AF Dunbar, MR Gregg, MA Crawford, JA Giordano, MR Tornquist, SJ TI Normal hematologic and biochemical values for prelaying greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and their influence on chick survival SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; hematology; nutrition; sage grouse; serum ID LAGOPUS-LAGOPUS-SCOTICUS; RED GROUSE; NORTHEAST SCOTLAND; NUTRITION AB Declines in greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) productivity and population numbers throughout their range demand a better understanding of how nutrition influences sage grouse populations. During March and April 1999-2001, blood samples were collected from 158 female (73 adult, 85 yearling), free-ranging, prelaying, greater sage grouse from an area in northwestern Nevada, USA, and southeastern Oregon, USA. These blood samples were evaluated to establish normal blood values for sage grouse and ascertain if certain blood parameters, as indices of nutrition, are useful for predicting if sage grouse hens would raise at least one chick to 1 August. Results of logistic regression indicated that three of six blood parameters analyzed-glucose, total plasma protein, and calcium phosphorus ratio-affected the probability of a female sage grouse raising at least one chick to late summer. Ranking of the standardized estimates revealed that glucose and total plasma protein had the greatest impact on the likelihood of a female successfully raising chicks. Odds ratios indicated that a 1-unit increase in glucose (1 mg/dl) and plasma protein (0.1 g/dl) would result in a 4% and 113% positive increase, respectively, in the predicted odds of at least one chick surviving until 1 August. Odds ratios for calcium : phosphorus ratio revealed a 70% decline in the predicted odds of at least one chick surviving until 1 August if the level of this parameter increased one unit (e.g., 3:1 to 4:1). Based on these analyses, values of some blood parameters used as indices of nutrition, especially glucose, total plasma protein, and calcium : phosphorus ratio, can be successfully used to predict reproductive success of sage grouse. These parameters are not only indicative of the nutritional status of prelaying hens but may be associated with nutritional quality of the habitat and therefore have important management significance. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dunbar, MR (reprint author), USDA, APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 422 EP 429 DI 10.1638/04-065.1 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 995QG UT WOS:000234118300006 PM 17312759 ER PT J AU Hanley, CS Thomas, NJ Paul-Murphy, J Hartup, BK AF Hanley, CS Thomas, NJ Paul-Murphy, J Hartup, BK TI Exertional myopathy in whooping cranes (Grus americana) with prognostic guidelines SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE exertional myopathy; capture; stress; whooping crane; Grus americana ID CAPTURE MYOPATHY AB Exertional myopathy developed in three whooping cranes (Grus americana) secondary to routine capture, handling, and trauma. Presumptive diagnosis of exertional myopathy was based on history of recent capture or trauma, clinical signs, and elevation of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and serum potassium. Treatments were attempted in each case, but ultimately were not successful. Gross and microscopic lesions at necropsy confirmed the diagnosis in each case, with the leg musculature most severely affected. Guidelines for determining prognosis of exertional myopathy in cranes have been included based on the analysis of these cases and others in the literature. As treatment is largely unrewarding, prevention remains the key in controlling exertional myopathy. Identification of predisposing factors and proper handling, immobilization, and transportation techniques can help prevent development of exertional myopathy in cranes. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Surg Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Int Crane Fdn, Dept Vet Serv, Baraboo, WI 53913 USA. RP Hartup, BK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Surg Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 489 EP 497 DI 10.1638/04-047.1 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 995QG UT WOS:000234118300017 PM 17312770 ER PT J AU Bakal, RS Hickson, BH Gilger, BC Levy, MG Flowers, JR Khoo, L AF Bakal, RS Hickson, BH Gilger, BC Levy, MG Flowers, JR Khoo, L TI Surgical removal of cataracts due to Diplostomum species in Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus Desotoi) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi; cataract surgery; Diplostomum sp.; fish; Gulf sturgeon; trematode ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; RAINBOW-TROUT; EYE-FLUKE; SPATHACEUM; FISHES; CONTAMINANTS; INFECTIONS; LENSES; LEVEL; ZINC AB Twenty 6-yr-old (1995-yr-class) Gulf of Mexico sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) were diagnosed as having bilateral cataracts. Histopathologic assessment of the lenses of two of the fish revealed the presence of a diplostomid trematode. Pharmacological treatment of the trematodes may be effective for killing the parasites, but the damage to the lenses and resulting cataracts are nonreversible. Because these animals were to be used in a subsequent study as sentinels in the natural environment, it was necessary to return the animals' vision to as close to normal as possible. Electroretinograms were performed on each fish's eyes to ensure that retinal function was present. Cataracts then were surgically removed by phacoemulsification and aspiration. The animals tolerated the surgical procedures well. This report is the first known report of surgical correction of cataracts in sturgeon species. It also is the first known attempt to correct vision problems in fish being returned to the wild. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Hlth Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, New Bolton Ctr, Dept Clin Studies, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Bakal, RS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Hlth Ctr, 5308 Spring St, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 504 EP 508 DI 10.1638/04-044.1 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 995QG UT WOS:000234118300019 PM 17312772 ER PT J AU Greenblatt, RJ Work, TM Dutton, P Sutton, CA Spraker, TR Casey, RN Diez, CE Parker, D St Leger, J Balazs, GH Casey, JW AF Greenblatt, RJ Work, TM Dutton, P Sutton, CA Spraker, TR Casey, RN Diez, CE Parker, D St Leger, J Balazs, GH Casey, JW TI Geographic variation in marine turtle fibropapillomatosis SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; fibropapillomatosis; green turtle; herpesvirus ID GREEN TURTLES; CHELONIA-MYDAS AB We document three examples of fibropapillomatosis by histology, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and sequence analysis from three different geographic areas. Tumors compatible in morphology with fibropapillomatosis were seen in green turtles from Puerto Rico and San Diego (California) and in a hybrid loggerhead/ hawksbill turtle from Florida Bay (Florida). Tumors were confirmed as fibropapillomas on histology, although severity of disease varied between cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses revealed infection with the fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus (FPTHV) in all cases, albeit at highly variable copy numbers per cell. Alignment of a portion of the polymerase gene from each fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus isolate demonstrated geographic variation in sequence. These cases illustrate geographic variation in both the pathology and the virology of fibropapillomatosis. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. DRNA PR, Programa Especies Protegidas, San Juan, PR 00906 USA. Sea World San Diego, Vet Care Dept, San Diego, CA 92019 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Casey, JW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [2T32 ES07052-26] NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 527 EP 530 DI 10.1638/04-051.1 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 995QG UT WOS:000234118300025 PM 17312778 ER PT J AU Croteau, MN Luoma, SN Stewart, AR AF Croteau, MN Luoma, SN Stewart, AR TI Trophic transfer of metals along freshwater food webs: Evidence of cadmium biomagnification in nature SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CD ACCUMULATION; CARBON ISOTOPES; STABLE CARBON; TOXICITY; LAKE; COPPER AB We conducted a study with cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) in the delta of San Francisco Bay, using nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes to identify trophic position and food web structure. Cadmium is progressively enriched among trophic levels in discrete epiphyte-based food webs composed of macrophyte-dwelling invertebrates (the first link being epiphytic algae) and fishes (the first link being gobies). Cadmium concentrations were biomagnified 15 times within the scope of two trophic links in both food webs. Trophic enrichment in invertebrates was twice that of fishes. No tendency toward trophic-level enrichment was observed for Cu, regardless of whether organisms were sorted by food web or treated on a taxonomic basis within discrete food webs. The greatest toxic effects of Cd are likely to occur with increasing trophic positions, where animals are ingesting Cd-rich prey (or food). In Franks Tract this occurs within discrete food chains composed of macrophyte-dwelling invertebrates or fishes inhabiting submerged aquatic vegetation. Unraveling ecosystem complexity is necessary before species most exposed and at risk can be identified. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Croteau, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcroteau@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 93 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 59 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1511 EP 1519 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 965EK UT WOS:000231932800017 ER PT J AU Hill, RJ Schenk, CJ AF Hill, RJ Schenk, CJ TI Petroleum geochemistry of oil and gas from Barbados: Implications for distribution of Cretaceous source rocks and regional petroleum prospectivity SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRUDE OILS; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; DEPOSITIONAL-ENVIRONMENTS; TRICYCLIC TERPANES; ORGANIC FACIES; HEAVY OILS; BIODEGRADATION; BASIN; HYDROCARBONS; MATURATION AB Petroleum produced from the Barbados accretionary prism (at Woodbourne Field on Barbados) is interpreted as generated from Cretaceous marine shale deposited under normal salinity and dysoxic conditions rather than from a Tertiary source rock as previously proposed. Barbados oils correlate with some oils from eastern Venezuela and Trinidad that are positively correlated to extracts from Upper Cretaceous La Luna-like source rocks. Three distinct groups of Barbados oils are recognized based on thermal maturity, suggesting petroleum generation occurred at multiple levels within the Barbados accretionary prism. Biodegradation is the most significant process affecting Barbados oils resulting in increased sulfur content and decreased API gravity. Barbados gases are interpreted as thermogenic, having been co-generated with oil, and show mixing with biogenic gas is limited. Gas biodegradation occurred in two samples collected from shallow reservoirs at the Woodbourne Field. The presence of Cretaceous source rocks within the Barbados accretionary prism suggests that greater petroleum potential exists regionally, and perhaps further southeast along the passive margin of South America. Likewise, confirmation of a Cretaceous source rock indicates petroleum potential exists within the Barbados accretionary prism in reservoirs that are deeper than those from Woodboume Field. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hill, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ronhill@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 22 IS 8 BP 917 EP 943 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2005.05.003 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 983YQ UT WOS:000233268700002 ER PT J AU Garver, KA Conway, CM Elliott, DG Kurath, G AF Garver, KA Conway, CM Elliott, DG Kurath, G TI Analysis of DNA-vaccinated fish reveals viral antigen in muscle, kidney and thymus, and transient histopathologic changes SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish DNA vaccine; infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV); biodistribution; persistence; histopathologic effects; vaccine safety ID INFECTIOUS HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS; HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DIRECT GENE-TRANSFER; RAINBOW-TROUT; PLASMID DNA; INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; MALARIA VACCINE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE AB A highly efficacious DNA vaccine against a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), was used in a systematic study to analyze vaccine tissue distribution, persistence, expression patterns, and histopathologic effects. Vaccine plasmid pIHNw-G, containing the gene for the viral glycoprotein, was detected immediately after intramuscular injection in all tissues analyzed, including blood, but at later time points was found primarily in muscle tissue, where it persisted to 90 days. Glycoprotein expression was detected in muscle, kidney, and thymus tissues, with levels peaking at 14 days and becoming undetectable by 28 days. Histologic examination revealed no vaccine-specific pathologic changes at the standard effective dose of 0.1 mu g DNA per fish, but at a high dose of 50 mu g an increased inflammatory response was evident. Transient damage associated with needle injection was localized in muscle tissue, but by 90 days after vaccination no damage was detected in any tissue, indicating the vaccine to be safe and well tolerated. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Garver, KA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kagarver@u.washing-ton.edu NR 54 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-2228 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 7 IS 5 BP 540 EP 553 DI 10.1007/s10126-004-5129-z PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 978IF UT WOS:000232866100014 PM 16075347 ER PT J AU Grossman, JN Zolensky, ME Tonui, EK AF Grossman, JN Zolensky, ME Tonui, EK TI What are the petrologic types of thermally metamorphosed CM chondrites? SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY SEP 12-16, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Meteorit Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jgrossman@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP A61 EP A61 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 006BV UT WOS:000234871000102 ER PT J AU Morrow, JR Sandberg, CA AF Morrow, JR Sandberg, CA TI Revised dating of alamo and some other late Devonian impacts in relation to resulting mass extinction SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY SEP 12-16, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Meteorit Soc ID SOUTHERN NEVADA; ZIRCON AGES; BRECCIA; GERMANY C1 Univ No Colorado, Dept Earth Sci, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jared.morrow@unco.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP A106 EP A106 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 006BV UT WOS:000234871000192 ER PT J AU Russell, SS Zolensky, M Righter, K Folco, L Jones, R Connolly, HC Grady, MM Grossman, JN AF Russell, SS Zolensky, M Righter, K Folco, L Jones, R Connolly, HC Grady, MM Grossman, JN TI The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 89, 2005 September SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; METAMORPHISM AB This Bulletin lists 1768 meteorites, bringing the total known meteorites to over 30,000 at 30,907. Of these, 10 10 are from Antarctica, 569 from Africa, 92 from Asia (83 of which are from Oman), 85 from North America, one from South America and I I from Europe. The Bulletin reports seven falls (Benguerir, Bukhara, Kasauli, Maigatari-Danduma, Oum Dreyga, Rahimyar Khan, and San Michele). Noteworthy specimens include 20 lunar meteorites, Four Martian meteorites, two pallasites, three mesosiderites, and two Bencubbin-like meteorites. Additional information can be found at http://meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/database.html. C1 Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Museo Nazl Antartide, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. CUNY, Kingsborough Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. CUNY, Grad Sch, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 11024 USA. Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Russell, SS (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM sara.russell@nhm.ac.uk NR 19 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP A201 EP A263 PG 63 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 006BV UT WOS:000234871000335 ER PT J AU Walker, RJ Puchtel, IS James, OB AF Walker, RJ Puchtel, IS James, OB TI Highly siderophile element constraints on the late accretionary histories of the earth and moon SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY SEP 12-16, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Meteorit Soc ID LUNAR; MANTLE; IMPACT C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rjwalker@geol.umd.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP A164 EP A164 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 006BV UT WOS:000234871000309 ER PT J AU King, TL Eackles, MS Henderson, AP Bocetti, CI Currie, D Wunderle, JM AF King, TL Eackles, MS Henderson, AP Bocetti, CI Currie, D Wunderle, JM TI Microsatellite DNA markers for delineating population structure and kinship among the endangered Kirtland's warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Kirtland's warbler; microsatellite DNA; population structure; probability of identity ID IDENTIFICATION AB We document the isolation and characterization of 23 microsatellite DNA markers for the endangered Kirtland's warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii), a Nearctic/Neotropical migrant passerine. This suite of markers revealed moderate to high levels of allelic diversity (averaging 7.7 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 72%). Genotypic frequencies at 22 of 23 (95%) markers conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations, and no linkage disequilibrium was observed in blood samples taken from 14 warblers found on the wintering grounds in the Bahamas archipelago. Multilocus genotypes resulting from this suite of markers should reduce the amount of resources required for initiating new genetic studies assessing breeding structure, parentage, demographics, and individual-level ecological interactions for D. kirtlandii. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Calif Univ Penn, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, California, PA 15419 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Puerto Rico Conservat Fdn,Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tlking@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 569 EP 571 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00998.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 959PF UT WOS:000231529400036 ER PT J AU Dehaan, PW Ardren, WR AF Dehaan, PW Ardren, WR TI Characterization of 20 highly variable tetranucleotide microsatellite loci for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and cross-amplification in other Salvelinus species SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE bull trout; char; DNA; microsatellites; Salvelinus AB We describe the isolation and development of 20 polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite loci for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). In a sample of 76 fish, we observed between four and 23 alleles per locus. These loci show greater levels of genetic diversity than other loci previously examined in bull trout. Seventeen of these loci were also polymorphic in at least one of the following species: Salvelinus alpinus, Salvelinus malma, Salvelinus namaycush and Salvelinus fontinalis. These loci will aid in our understanding of the molecular ecology of bull trout and other char. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Dehaan, PW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM Patrick_dehaan@fws.gov NR 6 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 582 EP 585 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00997.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 959PF UT WOS:000231529400040 ER PT J AU Estes, JA Lindberg, DR Wray, C AF Estes, JA Lindberg, DR Wray, C TI Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): patterns and implications SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KELP EVOLUTION; SEA-URCHINS; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MARINE PLANTS; SOUTH-AFRICA; CORAL-REEF; BOTTOM-UP; FOOD WEBS; TOP-DOWN AB Kelps and other fleshy macroalgae-dominant reef-inhabiting organisms in cool seas-may have radiated extensively following late Cenozoic polar cooling, thus triggering a chain of evolutionary change in the trophic ecology of nearshore temperate ecosystems. We explore this hypothesis through an analysis of body size in the abalones (Gastropoda; Haliotidae), a widely distributed group in modern oceans that displays a broad range of body sizes and contains fossil representatives from the late Cretaceous (60-75 Ma). Geographic analysis of maximum shell length in living abalones showed that small-bodied species, while most common in the Tropics, have a cosmopolitan distribution, whereas large-bodied species occur exclusively in cold-water ecosystems dominated by kelps and other macroalgae. The phylogeography of body size evolution in extant abalones was assessed by constructing a molecular phylogeny in a mix of large and small species obtained from different regions of the world. This analysis demonstrates that small body size is the plesiomorphic state and largeness has likely arisen at least twice. Finally, we compiled data on shell length from the fossil record to determine how (slowly or suddenly) and when large body size arose in the abalones. These data indicate that large body size appears suddenly at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Our findings support the view that fleshy-algal dominated ecosystems radiated rapidly in the coastal oceans with the onset of the most recent glacial age. We conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of this change. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94610 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Paleontol, Berkeley, CA 94610 USA. Mt Desert Isl Biol Lab, Salsbury Cove, ME 04672 USA. RP Estes, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, US Geol Survey, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jestes@ucsc.edu RI Lindberg, David/D-8138-2011 NR 83 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 15 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0094-8373 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD FAL PY 2005 VL 31 IS 4 BP 591 EP 606 DI 10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0591:EOLBSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 973LP UT WOS:000232524500004 ER PT J AU Whitmore, J Gajewski, K Sawada, M Williams, JW Shuman, B Bartlein, PJ Minckley, T Viau, AE Webb, T Shafer, S Anderson, P Brubaker, L AF Whitmore, J Gajewski, K Sawada, M Williams, JW Shuman, B Bartlein, PJ Minckley, T Viau, AE Webb, T Shafer, S Anderson, P Brubaker, L TI Modern pollen data from North American and Greenland for multi-scale paleoenvironmental applications SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID KM AVHRR DATA; MODERN ANALOGS; UNITED-STATES; SOURCE AREA; 6 KA; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; PALEOECOLOGY; ASSEMBLAGES AB The modern pollen network in North America and Greenland is presented as a database for use in quantitative calibration studies and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The georeferenced database includes 4634 samples from all regions of the continent and 134 pollen taxa that range from ubiquitous to regionally diagnostic taxa. Climate data and vegetation characteristics were assigned to every site. Automated and manual procedures were used to verify the accuracy of geographic coordinates and identify duplicate records among datasets, incomplete pollen sums, and other potential errors. Data are currently available for almost all of North America, with variable density. Pollen taxonomic diversity, as measured by the Shannon-Weiner coefficient, varies as a function of location, as some vegetation regions are dominated by one or two major pollen producers, while other regions have a more even composition of pollen taxa. Squared-chord distances computed between samples show that most modern pollen samples find analogues within their own vegetation zone. Both temperature and precipitation inferred from best analogues are highly correlated with observed values but temperature exhibits the strongest relation. Maps of the contemporary distribution of several pollen types in relation to the range of the plant taxon illustrate the correspondence between plant and pollen ranges. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Univ Minnesota, Limnol Res Ctr, Dept Geol & Geophys Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Indiana State Univ, Dept Geo, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gajewski, K (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. EM gajewski@uottawa.ca RI Sawada, Michael/A-3912-2008; Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011; OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685; Minckley, Thomas/0000-0002-6483-013X; Sawada, Michael/0000-0001-5180-5325 NR 60 TC 126 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 24 IS 16-17 BP 1828 EP 1848 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.005 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 952ZD UT WOS:000231044100007 ER PT J AU Selbo, SM Snow, AA AF Selbo, SM Snow, AA TI Flowering phenology and genetic similarity among local and recently introduced populations of andropogon gerardii in Ohio SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Andropogon gerardii; Big bluestem; Conservation Reserve Program; gene flow; genetic diversity; flowering phenology; local genotypes ID PRAIRIE GRASS; DISTANCE; POACEAE AB In Ohio and elsewhere, recent grassland plantings in the federal Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) have become much more extensive than native prairie remnants. The seed source for CRP grasslands in Ohio often comes from as far away as Missouri or Texas, which may be undesirable from the standpoint of conservation genetics. The goal of this study was to examine the potential for gene flow from large, recently introduced populations of Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii, Poaceae) to small local populations of this outcrossing perennial species. We examined the potential for cross-pollination between three local populations and three introduced CRP populations by comparing flowering phenologies. Flowering times overlapped extensively, indicating that cross-pollination is possible where local and introduced genotypes co-occur. To compare genetic variation in local and CRP populations, we analyzed variation at 68 RAPD loci in six populations of each type. Somewhat surprisingly, we found no significant differences in the genetic diversity or composition between the two groups (local vs. CRP). In summary, we found that local and introduced populations of Big bluestem have the potential to interbreed, based on their flowering periods, but further research is needed to determine whether local genotypes harbor unique genetic variation that could be jeopardized by hybridization with introduced genotypes. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Selbo, SM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 6950 Americana Pkwy,Suite H, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. EM sarena_selbo@fws.gov NR 37 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00055.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 961PF UT WOS:000231673600003 ER PT J AU Burkett, VR Draugelis-Dale, RO Williams, HA Schoenholtz, SH AF Burkett, VR Draugelis-Dale, RO Williams, HA Schoenholtz, SH TI Effects of flooding regime and seedling treatment on early survival and growth of nuttall oak SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bareroot; container; flooding; inoculation; mycorrhizae; seedling ID PISOLITHUS-TINCTORIUS; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT; ROOT; RESTORATION; SUCCESS AB Effects of flooding on survival and growth of three different types of Nuttall oak (Quercus texana Buckl.) seedlings were observed at the end of third and fifth growing seasons at Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge, Mississippi, U.S.A. Three types of seedlings were planted in January 1995 in a split-plot design, with four replications at each of two elevations on floodprone, former cropland in Sharkey clay soil. The lower of the two planting elevations was inundated for 21 days during the first growing season, whereas the higher elevation did not flood during the 5-year period of this study. The three types of 1-0 seedlings were bareroot seedlings, seedlings grown in containers (3.8 X 21-cm plastic seedling cones), and container-grown seedlings inoculated with vegetative mycelia of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker. Survival of all the three seedling types was greatest at the lower, intermittently flooded elevation, indicating that drought and related effects on plant competition were more limiting to seedling survival than flooding. At the lower elevation, survival of mycorrhizal-inoculated container seedlings was greater than that of noninoculated container seedlings. Survival among bareroot seedlings and inoculated container seedlings was not significantly different at either elevation. At the higher, nonflooded elevation, however, bareroot seedling survival was greater than the survival of container seedlings without inoculation. Differences were significant among the inoculated and the noninoculated container seedlings, with higher survival of inoculated seedlings at both elevations, though differences were only significant in year 3. At the end of the fifth year, height of bareroot seedlings was significantly greater than the heights of both types of container-grown seedlings at both planting elevations. Because seedlings grown in the plastic seedlings cones did not survive better than the bareroot seedlings at either planting elevation, the bareroot stock appear to be the economically superior choice for regeneration in Sharkey soil. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Burkett, VR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM virginia_burkett@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 471 EP 479 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00059.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 961PF UT WOS:000231673600006 ER PT J AU Piazza, BP Banks, PD La Peyre, MK AF Piazza, BP Banks, PD La Peyre, MK TI The potential for created oyster shell reefs as a sustainable shoreline protection strategy in Louisiana SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crassostrea virginica; fish; Louisiana; oyster reefs; restoration; shoreline protection ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; EROSION CONTROL; MARSH-EDGE; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ESTUARY; HURRICANES; ENGINEERS; HABITATS; WETLAND AB Coastal protection remains a global priority. Protection and maintenance of shoreline integrity is often a goal of many coastal protection programs. Typically, shorelines are protected by armoring them with hard, non-native, and nonsustainable materials such as limestone. This study investigated the potential shoreline protection role of created, three-dimensional Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) shell reefs fringing eroding marsh shorelines in Louisiana. Experimental reefs (25 X 1.0 X 0.7 m; intertidal) were created in June 2002 at both high and low wave energy shorelines. Six 25-m study sites (three cultched and three control noncultched) were established at each shoreline in June 2002, for a total of 12 sites. Shoreline retreat was reduced in cultched low-energy shorelines as compared to the control low-energy shorelines (analysis of variance; p < 0.001) but was not significantly different between cultched and noncultched sites in high-energy environments. Spat set increased from 0.5 +/- 0.1 spat/shell in July 2002 to a peak of 9.5 +/- 0.4 spat/shell in October 2002. On average, oyster spat grew at a rate of 0.05 mm/day through the duration of the study. Recruitment and growth rates of oyster spat suggested potential reef sustainability over time. Small fringing reefs may be a useful tool in protecting shorelines in low-energy environments. However, their usefulness may be limited in high-energy environments. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey,Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Marine Fisheries Div, Baton Rouge, LA 70898 USA. RP La Peyre, MK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey,Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlapey@lsu.edu NR 52 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 51 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 499 EP 506 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00062.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 961PF UT WOS:000231673600009 ER PT J AU Owens, PN Batalla, RJ Collins, AJ Gomez, B Hicks, DM Horowitz, AJ Kondolf, GM Marden, M Page, MJ Peacock, DH Petticrew, EL Salomons, W Trustrum, NA AF Owens, PN Batalla, RJ Collins, AJ Gomez, B Hicks, DM Horowitz, AJ Kondolf, GM Marden, M Page, MJ Peacock, DH Petticrew, EL Salomons, W Trustrum, NA TI Fine-grained sediment in river systems: Environmental significance and management issues SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sediment Management River Systems CY FEB, 2003 CL Gisborne, NEW ZEALAND DE fine-grained sediment; river basins; sediment management; land use change; reservoirs; fish habitats; contaminated sediment; sustainable management ID FLUVIAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; TRACE-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; LAKE COEUR-DALENE; PARTICLE-SIZE CHARACTERISTICS; SMALL MOUNTAINOUS RIVERS; LAND-USE CHANGE; NEW-ZEALAND; WAIPAOA RIVER; NORTH-ISLAND; EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT AB Fine-grained sediment is a natural and essential component of river systems and plays a major role in the hydrological, geomorphological and ecological functioning of rivers. In many areas of the world, the level of anthropogenic activity is such that fine-grained sediment fluxes have been, or are being, modified at a magnitude and rate that cause profound, and sometimes irreversible, changes in the way that river systems function. This paper examines how anthropogenic activity has caused significant changes in the quantity and quality of fine-grained sediment within river systems, using examples of: land use change in New Zealand; the effects of reservoir construction and management in different countries; the interaction between sediment dynamics and fish habitats in British Columbia, Canada; and the management of contaminated sediment in USA rivers. The paper also evaluates present programmes and initiatives for the management of fine sediment in river systems and suggests changes that are needed if management strategies are to be effective and sustainable. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Cranfield Univ, NSRI, N Wyke Res Stn, Okehampton OX20 2SB, Devon, England. Univ Lleida, Dept Soil & Environm Sci, E-25198 Lleida, Spain. Cranfield Univ, NSRI, Bedford MK45 4DT, England. Indiana State Univ, Geomorphol Lab, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. US Geol Survey, Pearchtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Landscape Architecture & Environm Planning, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Landcare Res, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Gisborne Dist Council, Gisborne, New Zealand. Univ No British Columbia, Geog Program, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. Free Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Owens, PN (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, NSRI, N Wyke Res Stn, Okehampton OX20 2SB, Devon, England. EM Philip.owens@bbsrc.ac.uk RI Batalla, Ramon/L-5572-2014 OI Batalla, Ramon/0000-0001-8454-2314 NR 150 TC 186 Z9 190 U1 8 U2 85 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 7 BP 693 EP 717 DI 10.1002/rra.878 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 972VW UT WOS:000232482300002 ER PT J AU Field, EH Gupta, V Gupta, N Maechling, P Jordan, TH AF Field, EH Gupta, V Gupta, N Maechling, P Jordan, TH TI Hazard map calculations using grid computing SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; VELOCITY C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Univ So Calif, So Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Field, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM field@usgs.gov; vgupta@usc.edu; niting@usc.edu; maechlin@usc.edu; tjordan@usc.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 76 IS 5 BP 565 EP 573 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 968PQ UT WOS:000232174900005 ER PT J AU Maechling, P Gupta, V Gupta, N Field, EH Okaya, D Jordan, TH AF Maechling, P Gupta, V Gupta, N Field, EH Okaya, D Jordan, TH TI Grid computing in the SCEC community modeling environment SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EARTHQUAKE C1 Univ So Calif, So Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Maechling, P (reprint author), Univ So Calif, So Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM maechlin@usc.edu; vgupta@usc.edu; niting@usc.edu; field@usgs.gov; okaya@usc.edu; tjordan@usc.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 76 IS 5 BP 581 EP 587 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 968PQ UT WOS:000232174900008 ER PT J AU McKean, JR Johnson, DM Johnson, RL Taylor, RG AF McKean, JR Johnson, DM Johnson, RL Taylor, RG TI Can superior natural amenities create high-quality employment opportunities? The case of nonconsumptive river recreation in central Idaho SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE cumulative wage rate effects; economic impacts; employment quality; IMPLAN; input-output; nonmarket outputs; public land management; river recreation AB Central Idaho has superior environmental amenities, as evidenced by exceptionally high-value tourism, such as guided whitewater rafting. The focus of our study concerns the attainment of high-quality jobs in a high-quality natural environment. We estimate cumulative wage rate effects unique to nonconsumptive river recreation in central Idaho for comparison with other sectors. The cumulative effects are based on a detailed survey of recreation spending' and a modified synthesized input-output model. Cumulative wage rate effects support using the abundance of environmental amenities to expand and attract high-wage, environmentally sensitive firms, as opposed to expanded tourism to improve employment quality. C1 Agr Enterprises Inc, Masonville, CO USA. Quinnipiac Univ, Dept Econ, Hamden, CT USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP McKean, JR (reprint author), POB 120, Masonville, CO 80541 USA. EM ag_ent@msn.com NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 18 IS 8 BP 749 EP 758 DI 10.1080/08941920591005304 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 956JJ UT WOS:000231295700005 ER PT J AU Rudershausen, PJ Tuomikoski, JE Buckel, JA Hightower, JE AF Rudershausen, PJ Tuomikoski, JE Buckel, JA Hightower, JE TI Prey selectivity and diet of striped bass in western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; MORONE-SAXATILIS; YELLOW PERCH; FOOD-HABITS; MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; ONEIDA LAKE; NEW-YORK; SIZE AB We collected 1,399 striped bass Morone saxatilis from western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, during May through October of 2002 and 2003 to characterize diet, prey type selectivity, and prey size selectivity. Herrings Alosa spp., Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli, silversides Menidia spp., and yellow perch Perca flavescens dominated the diets of age-1 striped bass, while Atlantic menhaden dominated the diets of older striped bass. Selectivity was calculated for three categories of striped bass (ages 1, 2, and 3+ [3-7]) based on fish prey collections from a 61-m beach seine and a 76-m purse seine. Striped bass of all ages primarily consumed fish prey regardless of the month or year. Each age category of striped bass selected for one or more species of prey from the suborder Clupeoidei. Age-1 striped bass selectivity of Alosa spp. generally increased with the progression of each sampling season, whereas selectivity for Atlantic menhaden, Menidia spp., and yellow perch decreased over time within each season. Striped bass of all ages displayed strong selection for Atlantic menhaden and strong selection against spiny-rayed fish prey. Striped bass displayed selection for specific prey, although the mechanisms responsible for selection appear to vary through time and may differ for different prey types. Striped bass either displayed neutral size selectivity or selected for relatively small prey. The mean and maximum sizes of fish prey increased with increases in striped bass size, but the minimum prey size changed little. Our results of seasonal and age-specific changes in selectivity will be valuable for modeling the impact of striped bass predation on resource prey species. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Rudershausen, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, 303 Coll Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM pjruders@unity.ncsu.edu NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1059 EP 1074 DI 10.1577/T04-115.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 976MJ UT WOS:000232737300001 ER PT J AU Budy, P Haddix, T Schneidervin, R AF Budy, P Haddix, T Schneidervin, R TI Zooplankton size selection relative to gill raker spacing in rainbow trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FLAMING-GORGE RESERVOIR; MYSIS-RELICTA; PREY SIZE; LAKE; GROWTH; FISH; COMPETITION; KOKANEE; MORPHOLOGY; EFFICIENCY AB Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss are one of the most widely stocked salmonids worldwide, often based on the assumption that they will effectively utilize abundant invertebrate food resources. We evaluated the potential for feeding morphology to affect prey selection by rainbow trout using a combination of laboratory feeding experiments and field observations in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Utah-Wyoming. For rainbow trout collected from the reservoir, inter-gill raker spacing averaged 1.09 mm and there was low variation among fish overall (SD = 0.28). Ninety-seven percent of all zooplankton observed in the diets of rainbow trout collected in the reservoir were larger than the interraker spacing, while only 29% of the zooplankton found in the environment were larger than the interraker spacing. Over the size range of rainbow trout evaluated here (200-475 mm), interraker spacing increased moderately with increasing fish length; however, the size of zooplankton found in the diet did not increase with increasing fish length. In laboratory experiments, rainbow trout consumed the largest zooplankton available; the mean size of zooplankton observed in the diets was significantly larger than the mean size of zooplankton available. Electivity indices for both laboratory and field observations indicated strong selection for larger-sized zooplankton. The size threshold at which electivity switched from selection against smaller-sized zooplankton to selection for larger-sized zooplankton closely corresponded to the mean interraker spacing for both groups (similar to 1-1.2 mm). The combination of results observed here indicates that rainbow trout morphology limits the retention of different-sized zooplankton prey and reinforces the importance of understanding how effectively rainbow trout can utilize the type and sizes of different prey available in a given system. These considerations may improve our ability to predict the potential for growth and survival of rainbow trout within and among different systems. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84332 USA. Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Dutch John, UT 84023 USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84332 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1228 EP 1235 DI 10.1577/T04-159.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 976MJ UT WOS:000232737300013 ER PT J AU Sakaris, PC Jesien, RV Pinkney, AE AF Sakaris, PC Jesien, RV Pinkney, AE TI Brown bullhead as an indicator species: Seasonal movement patterns and home ranges within the Anacostia River, Washington, DC SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; ICTALURUS-NEBULOSUS; AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; GREAT-LAKES; HABITAT USE; STREAM; PARADIGM; FISH; TRANSMITTERS AB Elevated liver and skin tumor prevalence has been reported in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus from the tidal Anacostia River, Washington, D.C. Movement data are needed to effectively use tumor prevalence as an indicator of habitat quality. We used ultrasonic telemetry to verify the residency of 40 adult brown bullheads (250-310 mm total length) in the Anacostia River during summer 2000, spring 2001, and fall-winter 2001-2002. During summer (10 fish tagged), fish remained within 500 m of their capture-release location, and their mean 95% minimum area polygon (MAP) and linear home ranges were 4.5 ha and 0.50 km. During spring (12 fish tagged), most fish traveled upstream of the capture-release location as water temperatures increased; they were approximately 1 km upriver by the end of the season. Mean 95% MAP and linear home ranges in spring were 19.7 ha and 2.1 km. During fall-winter (IS fish tagged), fish released in the river remained within 4.2 km upstream and 3.1 km downstream of their capture-release location, and their mean 95% MAP and linear home ranges were 15.9 ha and 2.1 km. In comparison, the 95% MAP and linear home ranges of fish released in Lake Kingman (a tidal freshwater impoundment of the Anacostia) were 5.8 ha and 0.58 km. No fish were located outside of the Anacostia River. We conclude that adult brown bullheads were resident in the system throughout the year. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Sakaris, PC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM sakarpc@acesag.auburn.edu NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1262 EP 1270 DI 10.1577/T04-086.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 976MJ UT WOS:000232737300016 ER PT J AU Graziano, SL Brown, KH Nielsen, JL AF Graziano, SL Brown, KH Nielsen, JL TI Nomenclature of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes for Oncorhynchus mykiss SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONTROL-REGION; TROUT; POPULATIONS; STEELHEAD; SEQUENCE; RANGE AB Congruence of genetic data is critical for comparative and collaborative studies on natural fish populations. A comprehensive list of reported mitochrondrial DNA haplotypes for Oncorhynchus mykiss generated using the S-Phe/P2 primer set is presented as a resource for future investigations of this species. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Graziano, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM sgraziano@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1271 EP 1273 DI 10.1577/T05-008.1 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 976MJ UT WOS:000232737300017 ER PT J AU Scholten, GD Bettoli, PW AF Scholten, GD Bettoli, PW TI Population characteristics and assessment of overfishing for an exploited paddlefish population in the lower Tennessee River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYODON-SPATHULA; MORTALITY CAPS; ALABAMA RIVER; AGE STRUCTURE; HABITAT USE; RESERVOIR; HISTORY; ADULT; FISHERY; SYSTEM AB Paddlefish Polyodon spathula (n = 576) were collected from Kentucky Lake, Kentucky-Tennessee, with experimental gill nets in 2003-2004 to assess population characteristics and the potential for commercial overfishing. Additional data were collected from 1,039 paddlefish caught by commercial gillnetters in this impoundment. Since the most recent study in 1991, sire and age structure have been reduced and annual mortality has tripled. In the 1991 study, 37% of the fish collected were older than the maximum age we observed (age 11), and in 2003 annual mortality for paddlefish age 7 and older was high (A = 68%). Natural mortality is presumably low ( < 10%) for paddlefish; therefore, exploitation in recent years is high. Estimates of total annual mortality were negatively related to river discharge in the years preceding each estimate. The number of paddlefish harvested since 1999 was also negatively related to river discharge because gill nets cannot be easily deployed when discharge exceeds approximately 850 m(3)/s. Large females spawn annually because all females longer than 1,034 turn eye-fork length (EFL) were gravid. No mature females were protected by the current 864-mm minimum EFL limit. At a low natural mortality rate, higher size limits when exploitation was high (40-70%) increased simulated flesh yields by 10-20%. Even at low levels of exploitation (21%), spawning potential ratios (SPRs) under the current 864-mm minimum EFL size limit fell below 20%. If the size limit was raised to 1,016 mm EFL, the population could withstand up to 62% exploitation before the SPR falls below 20%. An analysis of annual mortality caps indicated that the best way to increase the average size of harvested fish is to increase the minimum size limit. Recruitment overfishing probably occurs during drought years; however, variation in river discharge has prevented the population from being exploited at unsustainable rates in the past. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Scholten, GD (reprint author), Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, POB 40747, Nashville, TN 37204 USA. EM george.scholten@state.tn.us NR 54 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1298 DI 10.1577/T04-161.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 976MJ UT WOS:000232737300019 ER PT J AU Moss, JH Beauchamp, DA Cross, AD Myers, KW Farley, EV Murphy, JM Helle, JH AF Moss, JH Beauchamp, DA Cross, AD Myers, KW Farley, EV Murphy, JM Helle, JH TI Evidence for size-selective mortality after the first summer of ocean growth by pink salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; COHO SALMON; HATCHERY PROGRAMS; CARRYING-CAPACITY; MARINE MORTALITY; BACK-CALCULATION; KODIAK ISLAND AB Pink salmon Onchorhynchus gorbuscha with identifiable thermal otolith marks from Prince William Sound hatchery release groups during 2001 were used to test the hypothesis that faster-growing fish during their first summer in the ocean had higher survival rates than slower-growing fish. Marked juvenile pink salmon were sampled monthly in Prince William Sound and the Gulf of Alaska, and adults that survived to maturity were recovered at hatchery release sites the following year. Surviving fish exhibited significantly wider circuli spacing on the region of the scale formed during early marine residence than did juveniles collected at sea during their first ocean summer, indicating that marine survival after the first growing season was related to increases in early marine growth. At the same circuli, a significantly larger average scale radius for returning adults than for juveniles from the same hatchery would suggest that larger, faster-growing juveniles had a higher survival rate and that significant size-selective mortality occurred after the juveniles were sampled. Growth patterns inferred from intercirculi spacing on scales varied among hatchery release groups, suggesting that density-dependent processes differed among release groups and occurred across Prince William Sound and the coastal Gulf of Alaska. These observations support other studies that have found that larger, faster-growing fish are more likely to survive until maturity. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, High Seas Salmon Res Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Moss, JH (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jamal.moss@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1313 EP 1322 DI 10.1577/T05-054.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 976MJ UT WOS:000232737300021 ER PT J AU Benson, AC Sutton, TM Elliott, RF Meronek, TG AF Benson, AC Sutton, TM Elliott, RF Meronek, TG TI Seasonal movement patterns and habitat preferences of age-0 lake sturgeon in the lower Peshtigo River, Wisconsin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; NORTHERN ONTARIO; SHORTNOSE STURGEON; SUWANNEE RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; SYSTEM; POPULATION; MICHIGAN; FLORIDA; USA AB Efforts to restore lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens to former population levels in the Great Lakes will benefit from a thorough understanding of the species' early life history. The rehabilitation of this species will be aided by identifying nursery habitats in riverine environments through characterizing the habitat use and movements of age-0 fish. The objectives of this study were to determine the habitat preferences and movement patterns of age-0 lake sturgeon in the lower Peshtigo River, Wisconsin, a tributary of Lake Michigan. Fish were captured from June through October 2002 and 2003 by means of wading, snorkeling, haul-seine, and backpack electrofishing surveys, and radio transmitters were attached to individuals larger than 74 g. For each capture and relocation site, habitat features were evaluated by measuring water depth, velocity, and temperature and by characterizing substrate type and macroinvertebrate assemblage. Age-0 lake sturgeon were collected and relocated at water depths less than 2 to over sand substrates and at current velocities less than 0.60 m/s. Capture and relocation sites were dominated by dipteran larvae, and the median macroinvertebrate density was lower at these sites than in the remainder of the study area. Macroinvertebrate diversity index values were also lower at capture sites than in the overall study area. Daily movements of age-0 lake sturgeon showed that fish exhibited greater activity after dark, whereas seasonal movement patterns were related to changes in water temperature, particularly during fall months as fish moved from the river to Green Bay. These results suggest that shallow, riverine areas with sand substrates, low current velocity, and a predominance of dipteran larvae should be protected as important nursery habitats in Great Lakes tributaries that support spawning populations of lake sturgeon. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Peshtigo, WI 54157 USA. RP Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tsutton@purdue.edu RI Sutton, Trent/E-9281-2010 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1400 EP 1409 DI 10.1577/T04-179.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 976MJ UT WOS:000232737300028 ER PT J AU Lloyd-Smith, JO Cross, PC Briggs, CJ Daugherty, M Getz, WM Latto, J Sanchez, MS Smith, AB Swei, A AF Lloyd-Smith, JO Cross, PC Briggs, CJ Daugherty, M Getz, WM Latto, J Sanchez, MS Smith, AB Swei, A TI Should we expect population thresholds for wildlife disease? SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID CRITICAL COMMUNITY SIZE; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; STOCHASTIC EPIDEMICS; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; POSSUM POPULATIONS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; CONTROL STRATEGIES; MEASLES EPIDEMICS; BRUSHTAIL POSSUMS; MOUTH-DISEASE AB Host population thresholds for the invasion or persistence of infectious disease are core concepts of disease ecology and underlie disease control policies based on culling and vaccination. However, empirical evidence for these thresholds in wildlife populations has been sparse, although recent studies have begun to address this gap. Here, we review the theoretical bases and empirical evidence for disease thresholds in wildlife. We see that, by their nature, these thresholds are rarely abrupt and always difficult to measure, and important facets of wildlife ecology are neglected by current theories. Empirical studies seeking to identify disease thresholds in wildlife encounter recurring obstacles of small sample sizes and confounding factors. Disease control policies based solely on threshold targets are rarely warranted, but management to reduce abundance of susceptible hosts can be effective. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lloyd-Smith, JO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jls@nature.berkeley.edu RI Lloyd-Smith, James/K-4080-2012; Briggs, Cheryl/F-7456-2013; Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012; OI Lloyd-Smith, James/0000-0001-7941-502X; Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Getz, Wayne/0000-0001-8784-9354 NR 70 TC 194 Z9 198 U1 6 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 9 BP 511 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.07.004 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 967YV UT WOS:000232128300011 PM 16701428 ER PT J AU Szczys, P Spendelow, JA Nisbet, ICT AF Szczys, P Spendelow, JA Nisbet, ICT TI Sex ratio and early growth patterns of roseate tern chicks during five breeding seasons at Falkner Island, Connecticut, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Connecticut; Falkner Island; growth; roseate tern; sex; sex ratio; Sterna dougallii; survival ID STERNA-DOUGALLII; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; LARUS-FUSCUS; BIRDS; BROOD; CONSEQUENCES; RECRUITMENT; HIRUNDO; MALES; GULLS AB Roseate Tern (Sterna dougallii) nests were monitored at Falkner Island, Connecticut, USA between 1998 and 2002. A total of 586 chicks were sexed and their growth measured during the first three days. These data were used to derive growth parameters and predict survival to fledging with high confidence. In contrast to a previous study in Massachusetts, we found no sex-ratio bias at hatching in any single year or in all years combined, nor was there a bias at fledging in all years combined, or in any single year. This difference is interesting because both colonies exhibit a female-biased sex ratio at breeding. After controlling for other factors, there was no difference in early growth or survival between male and female chicks, consistent with our previous studies and with the hypothesis that differences in growth and survival between males and females observed in other species are due to sexual size dimorphism. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. ICT Nisbet & Co, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA. RP Szczys, P (reprint author), Wayne State Coll, Dept Life Sci, 1111 Main St, Wayne, NE 68787 USA. EM paszczs1@wsc.edu NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 273 EP 279 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0273:SRAEGP]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 970SK UT WOS:000232329700002 ER PT J AU Lyons, DE Roby, DD Collis, K AF Lyons, DE Roby, DD Collis, K TI Foraging ecology of Caspian Terns in the Columbia River estuary, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Caspian Tern; Sterna caspia; salmonids; Oncorhynchus; Columbia River; radio telemetry ID JUVENILE SALMONIDS; GULLS LARUS; COLONY; PREDATION; PATTERNS; SUCCESS; SIZE; DIET AB Comparisons were made of the foraging ecology of Caspian Terns (Sterna caspia) nesting on two islands in the Columbia River estuary using radio telemetry and observations of prey fed to chicks and mates at each colony. Early in the chick-rearing period, radio-tagged terns nesting at Rice Island (river km 34) foraged mostly in the freshwater zone of the estuary close to the colony, while terns nesting on East Sand Island (river km 8) foraged in the marine or estuarine mixing zones close to that colony. Late in the chick-rearing period, Rice Island terns moved more of their foraging to the two zones lower in the estuary, while East Sand Island terns continued to forage in these areas. Tern diets at each colony corresponded to the primary foraging zone (freshwater vs. marine/mixing) of radio-tagged individuals: Early in chick-rearing, Rice Island terns relied heavily on juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp., 71% of identified prey), but this declined late in chick-rearing (46%). East Sand Island terns relied less on salmonids (42% and 16%, early and late in chick-rearing), and instead utilized marine fishes such as Anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and Herring (Clupea pallasi). Throughout chick-rearing, Rice Island terns foraged farther from their colony (median distance: 12.3 km during early chick-rearing and 16.9 km during late chick-rearing) than did East Sand Island terns (9.6 and 7.7 km, respectively). The study leads to the conclusion that Caspian Terns are generalist foragers and make use of the most proximate available forage fish resources when raising young. C1 USGS, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commiss, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Lyons, DE (reprint author), USGS, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM lyonsd@onid.orst.edu NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 280 EP 291 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0280:FEOCTI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 970SK UT WOS:000232329700003 ER PT J AU Murphy, MA Jones, NM Parker, MW AF Murphy, MA Jones, NM Parker, MW TI Common Murre egg recovery SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE behavior; Common Murre; egg recovery; microhabitat; Uria aalge ID SITE CHARACTERISTICS; BREEDING SUCCESS; URIA-AALGE AB Common Murre (Uria aalge) breeding success has been monitored in 1996-2004 at Devil's Slide Rock, California as part of a restoration project related to the Apex Houston oil spill. During the 2001 breeding season, two separate cases of egg recovery by parent murres were observed. During the first event an egg was secured and incubated 60 cm from the original nesting site, while in the second case an egg was retrieved after rolling 85 cm. The first egg was lost within 24 hours, and the second disappeared within a day of its expected hatching date. We describe the circumstances surrounding these events, including the behavior of the parent murres during the egg recovery attempts, the subsequent fate of the recovered eggs, the microhabitat features associated with egg loss and other factors affecting the egg recovery ability of adult murres. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Newark, CA 94560 USA. RP Murphy, MA (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM martinomurphy@hotmail.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 402 EP 403 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0402:CMER]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 970SK UT WOS:000232329700019 ER PT J AU Graham, SA Craft, CB McCormick, PV Aldous, A AF Graham, SA Craft, CB McCormick, PV Aldous, A TI Forms and accumulation of soil P in natural and recently restored peatlands - Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Upper Klamath Lake; eutrophication; wetland restoration; phosphorus; phosphorus fractionation; phosphorus accumulation; nutrient accumulation; peat accretion; peatland; radiometric dating; cesium-137; lead-210 ID NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION; SEDIMENT-CHEMISTRY; PHOSPHORUS; RATES; BOG; EVERGLADES; ACCRETION; MARSHES; FLORIDA; BASIN AB Forms, amounts, and accumulation of soil phosphorus (P) were measured in natural and recently restored marshes surrounding Upper Klamath Lake located in south-central Oregon, USA to determine rates of P accumulation in natural marshes and to assess changes in P pools caused by long-term drainage in recently restored marshes. Soil cores were collected from three natural marshes and radiometrically dated to determine recent (Cs-137-based) and long-term (Pb-210-based) rates of peat accretion and P accumulation. A second set of soil cores collected from the three natural marshes and from three recently restored marshes was analyzed using a modification of the Hedley procedure to determine the forms and amounts of soil P. Total P in the recently restored marshes (222 to 311 mu g cm(-3)) was 2-3 times greater than in the natural marshes (103 to 117 mu g cm(-3)), primarily due to greater bulk density caused by soil subsidence, a consequence of long-term marsh drainage. Occluded Fe- and Al-bound P-i, calcium-bound P-i and residual P were 4 times, 22 times, and 5 times greater, respectively, in the recently restored marshes. More than 67% of the P pool in both the natural and recently restored marshes was present in recalcitrant forms (humic-acid P-o and residual P) that provide long-term P storage in peat. Phosphorus accumulation in the natural marshes averaged 0.45 g m(-2) yr(-1) (Cs-137) and 0.40 g m(-2) yr(-1) (Pb-210), providing a benchmark for optimizing P sequestration in the recently restored marshes. Effective P sequestration in the recently restored marshes, however, will depend on re-establishing equilibrium between the P-enriched soils and the P concentration of floodwaters and a hydrologic regime similar to the natural marshes. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Graham, SA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM sgraham@lsu.edu NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 27 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 594 EP 606 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0594:FAAOSP]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 967ZM UT WOS:000232130300008 ER PT J AU Brennan, EK Smith, LM Haukos, DA LaGrange, TG AF Brennan, EK Smith, LM Haukos, DA LaGrange, TG TI Short-term response of wetland birds to prescribed burning in Rainwater Basin wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE avian community; burning; management; migration; Rainwater Basin ID MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; MARSH; CATTAIL; HABITAT; FIRE AB Prescribed burning is often used in wetlands to remove plant litter, decrease woody or invasive species, and increase use by wetland birds. However, little is known about the within-season, short-term response of wetland birds to prescribed burning, especially during spring migration. We surveyed use of 19 burned and 19 unburned (reference) wetlands by migratory birds in the Rainwater Basin region of Nebraska, USA during three spring migrations, 2002-2004. We calculated the change in avian abundance and species richness, as well as generating the Sorenson's similarity index for burned and reference wetlands in the weeks immediately before and after burning. We compared Sorenson's index values and percent change in abundance and species richness between burned and reference wetlands using an analysis of covariance with week and wetland area as covariates to account for migration chronology and differences in the area of experimental units. Following removal of effects due to wetland area and week, burning had no effect on the percent change in avian abundance and species richness. Sorenson's index also did not differ between burned and reference wetlands. Prescribed burning did not improve use of wetlands by migratory birds in the short term. Understanding the immediate and long-term effects of prescribed burning on migratory avian abundance, species richness, and community composition is imperative for management decisions. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP Brennan, EK (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, MS 2125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM e.brennan@ttu.edu NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 667 EP 674 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0667:SROWBT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 967ZM UT WOS:000232130300015 ER PT J AU Mayer, TD AF Mayer, TD TI Water-quality impacts of wetland management in the lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon and California, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE wetland water quality; seasonal wetlands; permanent wetlands; nutrient loads; nitrogen phosphorus ID PHOSPHORUS RETENTION; FRESH-WATER; DENITRIFICATION; NITROGEN; REMOVAL AB Insufficient water supply and poor water quality are major problems in the Klamath Basin of southern Oregon and northern California, USA. Various land-management practices and competing demands for water in much of the basin have led to degraded environmental conditions and poor water quality (excessive nutrients, warm temperatures, high pH, low dissolved oxygen). Of particular interest are the water-quality impacts of wetland management at Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge. Wetlands in the refuge are intensely managed through a system of canals, drains, and water-control structures, but the impacts of this management are not known. Data for inflows, outflows, field water-quality parameters, and nutrient concentrations were collected and analyzed in 1999 and 2000. Water budgets and nutrient loads were developed for the refuge. Water-quality impacts from wetland management include higher conductivity and water temperatures but lower turbidity. Outflow nutrient concentrations of N and P are generally increased relative to inflow concentrations, but nutrient loads are reduced. From 55 to 77% of the mass of N and 19 to 51% of the mass of P entering the refuge wetlands is retained. Seasonal wetlands retain less P than permanent wetlands or farmed units, possibly because of the annual drying cycle, the later drainage dates, and predominance of annual vegetation. For all refuge wetlands, dissolved inorganic N is retained more efficiently than particulate N, and particulate P is retained more efficiently than soluble reactive P. The ultimate effect of refuge wetland management is to decrease net N and P loads but increase the ratio of bioavailable P to bioavailable N in the refuge outflow. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Water Resources Branch, Portland, OR 97221 USA. RP Mayer, TD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Water Resources Branch, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97221 USA. EM tim_mayer@fws.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 697 EP 712 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0697:WIOWMI]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 967ZM UT WOS:000232130300018 ER PT J AU Hanson, MA Zimmer, KD Butler, MG Tangen, BA Herwig, BR Euliss, NH AF Hanson, MA Zimmer, KD Butler, MG Tangen, BA Herwig, BR Euliss, NH TI Biotic interactions as determinants of ecosystem structure in prairie wetlands: An example using fish SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE prairie wetlands; biotic interactions; abiotic influences; aquatic invertebrates; fathead minnows; predation; community structure ID FATHEAD MINNOWS; NORTH-DAKOTA; SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; POTHOLE WETLANDS; UNITED-STATES; LAKE; PATTERNS; DROUGHT; INVERTEBRATES AB Wetlands are abundant throughout the prairie pothole region (PPR), an area comprising over 700,000 km(2) in central North America. Prairie wetland communities are strongly influenced by regional physiography and climate, resulting in extreme spatial and temporal variability relative to other aquatic ecosystems. Given the strong influence of abiotic factors, PPR wetland communities have been viewed traditionally in the context of their responses to chemical and physical features of landscape and climate. Although useful, this physical-chemical paradigm may fail to account for ecosystem variability due to biotic influences, particularly those associated with presence of fish. Spatial and temporal variability in fish populations, in turn, may reflect anthropogenic activities, landscape characteristics, and climate-mediated effects on water levels, surface connectivity, and hydroperiods. We reviewed studies assessing influences of fish on prairie wetlands and examined precipitation patterns and biological data from PPR wetlands in east-central North Dakota and western Minnesota, USA. Our review and analysis indicated that native fish influence many characteristics of permanently flooded prairie wetlands, including water clarity and abundance of phytoplankton, submerged macrophytes, and aquatic invertebrates. We suggest that ecologists and managers will benefit from conceptual paradigms that better meld biotic interactions associated with fish, and perhaps other organisms, with chemical and physical influences on prairie wetland communities. C1 Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wetland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Hanson, MA (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wetland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, 102 23rd St NE, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. EM mark.hanson@dnr.state.mn.us NR 70 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 764 EP 775 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0764:BIADOE]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 967ZM UT WOS:000232130300024 ER PT J AU Rivera-Milan, FF Collazo, JA Stahala, C Moore, WJ Davis, A Herring, G Steinkamp, M Pagliaro, R Thompson, JL Bracey, W AF Rivera-Milan, FF Collazo, JA Stahala, C Moore, WJ Davis, A Herring, G Steinkamp, M Pagliaro, R Thompson, JL Bracey, W TI Estimation of density and population size and recommendations for monitoring trends of Bahama parrots on Great Abaco and Great Inagua SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Abaco; Amazona leucocephala bahamensis; Bahama parrot; density; Inagua; monitoring; point transect surveys; population size; trends ID ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITY; PUERTO-RICO; PLAIN PIGEONS; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; ISLANDS AB Once abundant and widely distributed, the Bahama parrot (Amazona leucocephala bahamensis) currently inhabits only the Great Abaco and Great Inagua Islands of the Bahamas. In January 2003 and May 2002-2004, we conducted Point-transect surveys (a type of distance sampling) to estimate density and population size and make recommendations for monitoring trends. Density ranged from 0.061 (SE=0.013) to 0.085 (SE= 0.018) parrots/ha and population size ranged from 1,600 (SE=354) to 2,386 (SE=508) parrots when extrapolated to the 26,154 ha and 28,162 ha covered by surveys on Abaco in May 2002 and 2003, respectively. Density was 0.183 (SE=0.049) and 0.153 (SE= 0.042) parrots/ha and population size was 5,344 (SE=1,431) and 4,450 (SE=1,435) parrots when extrapolated to the 29,1174 ha covered by surveys on Inagua in May 2003 and 2004, respectively. Because parrot distribution was clumped, we would need to survey 213-882 points on Abaco and 258-1,659 points on Inagua to obtain a CV of 10-20% for estimated density. Cluster size and its variability and clumping increased in wintertime, making surveys imprecise and cost-ineffective. Surveys were reasonably precise and cost-effective in springtime, and we recommend conducting them when parrots are pairing and selecting nesting sites. Survey data should be collected yearly as part of an integrated monitoring strategy to estimate density and other key demographic parameters and improve our understanding of the ecological dynamics of these geographically isolated parrot populations at risk of extinction. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Int Conservat, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Friends Environm, Hope Town, Abaco, Bahamas. Florida Atlantic Univ, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Rivera-Milan, FF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Int Conservat, 4401 N Fairfax Dr,Room 730 ARLSQ, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM frank_rivera@fws.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 823 EP 834 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[823:EODAPS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800005 ER PT J AU Dullum, JALD Foresman, KR Matchett, MR AF Dullum, JALD Foresman, KR Matchett, MR TI Efficacy of translocations for restoring populations of black-tailed prairie dogs SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE black-footed ferret; Cynomys ludovicianus; Montana; prairie dog; recapture; survival; translocation ID SURVIVAL; MONTANA; ECOLOGY AB We evaluated translocation as a method to promote recovery of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) after plague-induced population declines in colonies at the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge, Montana. We translocated prairie dogs in June of 1999 and evaluated the effects of translocation on colony area 1 year and 4 years later. We also assessed effects of release group size and estimated rates of population growth and survival. Initial size of experimental colonies was categorized as inactive (0 ha), small (0.1-2.0 ha), or large (2.0-6.6 ha); numbers of prairie dogs translocated to each colony size class were 0 (control), 60, and 120. Among inactive colonies, the control remained inactive and the colony receiving 60 prairie dogs grew to 1.5 ha by 2000 and after a second release in 2002 was 1.9 ha in 2003. The colony receiving 120 grew to 3.3 ha by 2000 and decreased to 2.6 ha by 2003. Patterns on small and large colonies after I year were less dramatic, but in each case the proportional increase in colony area was lowest on the control and highest on the colony receiving 120 prairie dogs. Patterns were more difficult to discern 4 years after translocations. It appears that as large colonies approach historic size, area growth decreases and is slower than on small colonies. Experimental colonies grew 24.6 ha (315%) by 2000 and 72.1 ha (924%) in 4 years compared to non-experimental colonies of similar size that grew 6.5 ha (23%) in 1 year and 26.5 ha (93%) by 2003. Monthly survival rates of prairie dogs during the first 3 months following translocation were higher on large colonies (0.79, 95% CI=0.75-0.82) than on small (0.67, 95% CI=0.62-0.72) or inactive colonies, (0.63, 95% CI=0.57-0.68). Monthly survival rates were relatively high (0.88-1.0) during subsequent intervals and did not vary among initial colony size classes. Recapture rates for all colonies were higher during the fall trapping session (0.83, 95% CI=0.76-0.90) than in the winter (0.59, 95% CI=0.49-0.69). Translocation was effective for restoration of prairie dog populations, particularly on inactive colonies. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Charles M Russell Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Dullum, JALD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Charles M Russell Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 110,333 Airport Rd, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. EM joann_dullum@fws.gov NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 24 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 842 EP 850 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[842:EOTFRP]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800007 ER PT J AU Wood, PB Duguay, JP Nichols, JV AF Wood, PB Duguay, JP Nichols, JV TI Cerulean warbler use of regenerated clearcut and two-age harvests SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE abundance; cerulean warbler; clearcut; silviculture; two-age cut ID DENDROICA-CERULEA AB We examined use of 2 silvicultural treatments (clearcut and two-age harvests), 15-18 years post-harvest by cerulean warblers (Dendroica cerulea) in mixed mesophytic and northern hardwood forests of the Allegheny Mountain region in West Virginia. Cerulean warbler abundance and occurrence were greater in 70-80-year-old mature forests than in 15-18-year-old clearcuts. Although abundance did not differ statistically between clearcut and two-age treatments, it was almost 5 times greater in the two-age treatments, likely because they provided a more complex canopy structure. Abundance of cerulean warblers in unharvested periphery stands adjacent to clearcut and two-age harvests was similar to that in unharvested control stands, suggesting that small harvests within mature forest do not negatively impact cerulean warbler abundance in the remaining forest, only within the clearcut harvests themselves. C1 W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Viginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Wood, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Viginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM pbwood@wvu.edu NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 851 EP 858 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[851:CWUORC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800008 ER PT J AU Harper, EK Paul, WJ Mech, LD AF Harper, EK Paul, WJ Mech, LD TI Causes of wolf depredation increase in Minnesota from 1979-1998 SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; cattle; control; depredations; endangered species; livestock; populations; sheep; wolf ID LIVESTOCK AB Wolf (Canis lupus) depredations on livestock in Minnesota have been increasing over the last 20 years. A major explanation cited for this increase is wolf range expansion, but no studies have tested this explanation. Additional reasons could include 1) wolf colonization of new areas within long-existing wolf range, 2) learning by wolves in established range, and 3) increased wolf density. We did not assess increasing wolf density as a factor because estimated wolf density in Minnesota has not increased. To assess how each of the other factors might have affected depredations, we created and analyzed a database of Minnesota's 923 verified depredations at 435 farms. We graphed the numbers of verified depredations and the number of farms with verified depredations to assess temporal trends and used ArcView GIS software to assess spatial relationships of the depredations. All 3 factors tested (colonization, range expansion, and learning) seemed to have contributed to wolf depredation increase. However, the proportion of depredations occurring due to wolf range expansion increased from 20% in 1989 to 48% in 1998. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, APHIS Wildlife Serv, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Harper, EK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM david_mech@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 888 EP 896 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[888:COWDIM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800012 ER PT J AU Cain, JW Krausman, PR Jansen, BD Morgart, JR AF Cain, JW Krausman, PR Jansen, BD Morgart, JR TI Influence of topography and GPS fix interval on GPS collar performance SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Arizona; fix rate; Global Positioning System; GPS telemetry; location error; success ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; ANIMAL LOCATION SYSTEM; HABITAT-SELECTION; DIFFERENTIAL CORRECTION; RADIOTELEMETRY ERROR; TRIANGULATION ERROR; WOODLAND CARIBOU; BOREAL FOREST; HOME-RANGE AB Topography, vegetation, and animal behavior may influence the performance of Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry collars, affecting fix success rates and location error. We reviewed the scientific literature published from 1995 to June 2004 to determine the fix intervals used and fix success rates obtained in studies using GPS telemetry. We also programmed GPS telemetry collars with 6 different fix intervals and placed them at fixed locations of varying topography in the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona from August 2003-May 2004. Fix interval affected fix success rates both in our field study (99, 98, 96, 94, 93, 92% fix success rate for 0.25, 0.5, 1, 4, 6, and 13-hour fix intervals, respectively) and in our analysis of data obtained from scientific literature (r(2)=0.531, P <= 0.001), with shorter fix intervals being associated with higher fix success rates. Topography affected the fix success rate (F-2,F- 77=12.017, P <= 0.001), location error (F-2,F- 77 =6.76, P=0.002), and proportion of 3-dimensional (3-D) fixes (F-2,F- 77=10.184, P <= 0.001), resulting in lower fix success rates and larger location errors in areas with more rugged topography. The influence of topography and fix interval on location error and fix success rates may bias GPS location data, resulting in misclassification of habitat use and under-sampling certain areas used by animals. Location error and missing data can increase type II error and may result in incorrect inferences in some studies. These biases need to be assessed and steps should be taken to minimize their influence on results of studies of habitat selection and other aspects of animal ecology. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Cabeza Prieta Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ajo, AZ 85321 USA. RP Cain, JW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, 325 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jwcain@ag.arizona.edu NR 47 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 926 EP 934 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[926:IOTAGF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800016 ER PT J AU Bender, LC Weisenberger, ME AF Bender, LC Weisenberger, ME TI Precipitation, density, and population dynamics of desert bighorn sheep on San Andres National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE carrying capacity; density-dependence; density-independence; desert bighorn sheep; Ovis canadensis mexicana; precipitation; population regulation ID MOUNTAIN LION PREDATION; LAMB SURVIVAL; MULE DEER; CALIFORNIA; ARIZONA; DEPENDENCE; COMPONENTS; DEMOGRAPHY; RAINFALL; WEATHER AB Understanding the determinants of population size and performance for desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) is critical to develop effective recovery and management strategies. In arid environments, plant communities and consequently herbivore populations are strongly dependent upon precipitation, which is highly variable seasonally and annually. We conducted a retrospective exploratory analysis of desert bighorn sheep population dynamics on San Andres National Wildlife Refuge (SANWR), New Mexico, 1941-1976, by modeling sheep population size as a function of previous population sizes and precipitation. Population size and trend of desert bighorn were best and well described (R-2=0.89) by a model that included only total annual precipitation as a covariate. Models incorporating density-dependence, delayed density-dependence, and combinations of density and precipitation were less informative than the model containing precipitation alone (Delta AICc=8.5-22.5). Lamb:female ratios were positively related to precipitation (current year: F-1,F-34=7.09, P=0.012; previous year: F-1,F-33=3.37, P=0.075) but were unrelated to population size (current year: F-1,F-34=0.04, P=0.843; previous year: F-1,F-33 =0.14, P=0.715). Instantaneous population rate of increase (r) was related to population size (F-1,F-33=5.55; P=0.025). Precipitation limited populations of desert bighorn sheep on SANWR primarily in a density-independent manner by affecting production or survival of lambs, likely through influences on forage quantity and quality. Habitat evaluations and recovery plans for desert bighorn sheep need to consider fundamental influences on desert bighorn populations such as precipitation and food, rather than focus solely on proximate issues such as security cover, predation, and disease. Moreover, the concept of carrying capacity for desert bighorn sheep may need re-evaluation in respect to highly variable (CV =35.6%) localized precipitation patterns. On SANWR carrying capacity for desert bighorn sheep was zero when total annual precipitation was < 28.2 cm. C1 US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Andres Natl Wildlife Refuge, Las Cruces, NM 88004 USA. RP Bender, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 30003 MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM lbender@nmsu.edu NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 956 EP 964 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[956:PDAPDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800019 ER PT J AU Manley, SW Kaminski, RM Reinecke, KJ Gerard, PD AF Manley, SW Kaminski, RM Reinecke, KJ Gerard, PD TI Agronomic implications of waterfowl management in Mississippi ricefields SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE agronomic benefits; habitat management; Mississippi Alluvial Valley; Oryza sativa; red rice; rice; straw disposal; wetlands; winter flooding; winter weeds ID RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CROP RESIDUES; WINTER; DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN; MALLARDS; CARBON; SOIL; MINERALIZATION AB Ricefields are important foraging habitat for waterfowl and other waterbirds in several North American wintering areas, including the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). Rice growers are likely to adopt management practices that provide habitat for waterfowl if agronomic benefits also occur. Therefore, we conducted a replicated field experiment during autumn through spring 1995-1997 to study effects of postharvest field treatment and winter-water management on agronomic variables including biomass of residual rice straw, cool-season grasses and forbs (i.e., winter weeds), and viability of red rice (oryza sativa var.). The treatment combination of postharvest disking and flooding until early March reduced straw 68%, from 9,938 kg/ha after harvest to 3,209 kg/ha in spring. Treatment combinations that included flooding until early March were most effective in suppressing winter weeds and decreased their biomass in spring by 83% when compared to the average of other treatment combinations. Effects of treatment combinations on spring viability of red rice differed between winters, but no significant effects were found within winters. Autumn disking followed by flooding until early March reduced rice straw and suppressed winter weeds the most, but with additional costs. To obtain the most agronomic benefits, we recommend that rice growers forgo autumn disking and flood fields until early March, which will provide moderate straw reduction, good weed suppression, and predicted savings of $22.24-62.93/ha (U.S.) ($9.00-25.47/ac). Maintenance of floods on ricefields until early March also benefits waterfowl and other waterbirds by providing foraging habitat throughout winter. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Ducks Unlimited Inc, Missouri Field Stn, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Manley, SW (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smanley@ducks.org NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 981 EP 992 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[981:AIOWMI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800022 ER PT J AU Szymanski, ML Afton, AD AF Szymanski, ML Afton, AD TI Effects of spinning-wing decoys on flock behavior and hunting vulnerability of mallards in Minnesota SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; crippling; duck hunting; flock behavior; hunting vulnerability; mallard; Minnesota; spinning-wing decoys ID DUCKS AB Waterfowl managers in Minnesota and other states are concerned that increased kill rates associated with the use of spinning-wing decoys (SWDs) may negatively affect local breeding populations of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Accordingly, we conducted 219 experimental hunts to evaluate hunting vulnerability of mallards to SWDs during the 2002 duck season in Minnesota. During each hunt, we tested 2 SWD treatments: 1) SWDs turned OFF (control), and 2) SWDs turned ON (experimental) during alternate 15-minute sampling periods that were separated by 5-minute buffer periods. We found that mallard flocks ( :l duck) were 2.91 times more likely to respond (i.e., approach within 40 m of hunters), and sizes of responding mallard flocks were 1.25 times larger, on average, when SWDs were turned ON than OFF. Mallards killed/hour/hunter/hunt averaged 4.71 times higher (P < 0.001) when SWDs were turned ON than OFF. More hatch-year (HY) and after-hatch-year (AHY) mallards were killed when SWDs were turned ON than OFF; however, AHYs were relatively less likely than were HYs to be killed with SWDs turned ON. We found no evidence that SWDs reduced crippling or allowed hunters to harvest relatively more drakes than hens. Using a worst-case scenario model, we predicted that if 47% and 79% of Minnesota hunters had used SWDs in 2000 and 2002, respectively, Minnesota mallard harvests would have increased by a factor of 2. However, increasing use of SWDs by northern hunters may result in a partial redistribution of annual mallard harvests if naive ducks are harvested upon initial exposures to SWDs, and those ducks that survive become habituated to SWDs, as suggested by our results. Our study was confined to a single hunting season in Minnesota and thus did not assess whether vulnerability of mallards to hunters using SWDs varied among years or geographically. A multi-year, flyway-wide study is needed to make stronger and more rigorous inferences regarding potential changes in harvest distribution and annual harvest rates of mallards due to increasing use of SWDs by hunters in North America. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Szymanski, ML (reprint author), N Dakota Game & Fish Dept, 100 N Bismarck Expressway, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM AAfton@lsu.edu NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 993 EP 1001 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[993:EOSDOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800023 ER PT J AU Merendino, MT Lobpries, DS Neaville, JE Ortego, JD Johnson, WP AF Merendino, MT Lobpries, DS Neaville, JE Ortego, JD Johnson, WP TI Regional differences and long-term trends in lead exposure in mottled ducks SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Anas fulvigula maculosa; lead exposure; lead shot ingestion; Louisiana; mottled ducks; Texas ID MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY; INGESTED SHOT; BLACK DUCKS; WATERFOWL AB We compared lead shot ingestion rates and bone lead levels in mottled ducks (Anas fulvigula maculosa) for regional differences and evaluated 16 years of lead shot ingestion data for evidence of decline. Gizzards (n=6,850) of hunter-killed mottled duck were collected from 1987-2002. The mean lead shot ingestion rate of mottled ducks from the Central Texas Coast and UpperTexas Coast was 7.32% +/- 1.13% (SE) and 1 8.09% +/- 1.55%, respectively. Lead shot ingestion rates declined gradually during the study period (P= 0.046). During the 1998-1999 hunting season, we examined lead concentrations in wing bones of 148 hunter-killed mottled ducks from the Central Texas, Upper Texas, and Southwest Louisiana coastal regions. Lead concentrations averaged 16.62 ppm +/- 1.83 (SE) and did not differ among regions or age groups. Both lead shot ingestion rates and bone lead concentrations in mottled ducks remain high. Studies evaluating the effects of lead levels on mottled duck survival are needed. C1 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Cent Coast Wetland Ecosyst Project, Bay City, TX 77414 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Cent Coast Wetland Ecosyst Project, Wharton, TX 77488 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Texas Chenier Plain Natl Wildlife Refuges, Anahuac, TX 77514 USA. Lamar Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Canyon, TX 79015 USA. RP Merendino, MT (reprint author), Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Cent Coast Wetland Ecosyst Project, 15 Janthina, Bay City, TX 77414 USA. EM bill.johnson@tpwd.state.tx.us NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1002 EP 1008 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1002:RDALTI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800024 ER PT J AU Anthony, NM Ribic, CA Bautz, R Garland, T AF Anthony, NM Ribic, CA Bautz, R Garland, T TI Comparative effectiveness of Longworth and Sherman live traps SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE diversity; grassland; Longworth trap; prairie; Sherman trap; small mammals ID SMALL MAMMALS; MICROTUS-TOWNSENDII; POTENTIAL BIAS; PITFALL; PEROMYSCUS; SHREWS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; FORESTS AB Despite the widespread use of Sherman (H. B. Sherman Inc., Tallahassee, Flor.) and Longworth (Penlon Ltd., Oxford, U.K.) live traps in small-mammal-community assessment, few studies have directly compared the effectiveness of these 2 popular models. This study compared the relative efficacy of both trap types in capturing small mammals in southern Wisconsin grasslands. As trap size may cause capture bias, we compared Longworth traps with equal numbers of small and large, folding Sherman traps. We also deployed a small number of pitfalls. We carried out trapping at 12 sites over a 2-year period (1996-1997). We observed a significant year effect, so we analyzed differences in capture success, species diversity indices, and percent community similarity between trap types separately for each year. Two-way contingency table analyses indicated that all 3 trap types exhibited species-specific differences in capture rates. We assessed standardized deviates for each cell within this two-way design, and we considered departures greater than 2 standard deviations (SE 1.96) from the mean to show an either significantly positive (>= + 1.96) or significantly negative (<=-1.96) association. In the first year, Longworth traps captured greater numbers of long-tailed shrews (Sorex spp.) whereas small Sherman traps captured more western harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis) and white-footed or prairie deer mice (Peromyscus spp.). In the second year, small Sherman captures were greater for long-tailed shrews and western harvest mice while large Sherman traps captured more meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and jumping mice (Zapus hudsonius). Although estimates of community diversity were similar between trap types, percent community similarity estimates were lowest for Longworth-Sherman trap comparisons. Mortality rates were highest for Longworth traps and small Sherman traps and lowest for large Sherman traps. Pitfalls caught proportionally more long-tailed shrews than conventional live traps in the first but not the second year of study. In general, body mass of the animal had little effect on trap capture rates. However, in the first year of this study, small Sherman traps caught lighter (P =0.028) long-tailed shrews than the large Sherman traps. Similarly, Longworth traps caught significantly lighter white-footed/prairie deer mice than either small (P=0.022) or large (P= 0.035) Shermans. When used in combination, both Longworth and Sherman traps can diminish overall sampling error and yield less biased estimates of species composition than either trap type alone. The use of new as opposed to used Sherman traps in the second year of this study might account for the greater capture efficacy of these traps and contribute to differences in relative trap type success between years. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Inst Environm Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Serv, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Anthony, NM (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM nanthony@uno.edu NR 41 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 39 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1018 EP 1026 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1018:CEOLAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800026 ER PT J AU Scribner, KT Green, BA Gorbics, C Bodkin, J AF Scribner, KT Green, BA Gorbics, C Bodkin, J TI Verification of sex from harvested sea otters using DNA testing SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Enhydra lutris; harvest statistics; molecular sex determination; sea otter ID POPULATION AB We used molecular genetic methods to determine the sex of 138 sea otters (Enhydra lutris) harvested from 3 regions of Alaska from 1994 to 1997, to assess the accuracy of post-harvest field-sexing. We also tested each of a series of factors associated with errors in field-sexing of sea otters, including male or female bias, age-class bias, regional bias, and bias associated with hunt characteristics. Blind control results indicated that sex was determined with 100% accuracy using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using primers that co-amplify the zinc finger-Y-X gene, located on both the mammalian Y- and X-chromosomes, and Testes Determining Factor (TDF), located on the mammalian Y-chromosome. DNA-based sexing revealed that 12.3% of the harvested sea otters were incorrectly sexed in the field, with most errors (13 of 17) occurring as males incorrectly reported as females. Thus, female harvest was overestimated. Using logistic regression analysis, we detected no statistical association of incorrect determination of sex in the field with age class, hunt region, or hunt type. The error in field-sexing appears to be random, at least with respect to the variables evaluated in this study. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. RP Scribner, KT (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM scribne3@msu.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1027 EP 1032 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1027:VOSFHS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800027 ER PT J AU Overton, CT Schmitz, RA Casazza, ML AF Overton, CT Schmitz, RA Casazza, ML TI Post-precipitation bias in band-tailed pigeon surveys conducted at mineral sites SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE accuracy; band-tailed pigeon; bias; counts; Pacific Northwest; Patagioenas fasciata; precipitation; rain; survey; weather AB Many animal surveys to estimate populations or index trends include protocol prohibiting counts during rain but fail to address effects of rainfall preceding the count. Prior research on Pacific Coast band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata monilis) documented declines in use of mineral sites during rainfall. We hypothesized that prior precipitation was associated with a short-term increase in use of mineral sites following rain. We conducted weekly counts of band-tailed pigeons at 19 Pacific Northwest mineral sites in 2001 and 20 sites in 2002. Results from regression analysis indicated higher counts <= 2 days after rain (11.31 +/- 5.00% [x +/- SE]) compared to >= 3 days. Individual index counts conducted <= 2 days after rain were biased high, resulting in reduced ability to accurately estimate population trends. Models of band-tailed pigeon visitation rates throughout the summer showed increased mineral-site counts during both June and August migration periods, relative to the July breeding period. Our research supported previous studies recommending that mineral-site counts used to index the band-tailed pigeon population be conducted during July. We further recommend conducting counts >3 days after rain to avoid weather-related bias in index estimation. The design of other population sampling strategies that rely on annual counts should consider the influence of aberrant weather not only coincident with but also preceding surveys if weather patterns are thought to influence behavior or detection probability of target species. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Overton, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM coverton@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1047 EP 1054 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1047:PBIBPS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800029 ER PT J AU Stoskopf, MK Beck, K Fazio, BB Fuller, TK Gese, EM Kelly, BT Knowlton, FF Murray, DL Waddell, W Waits, L AF Stoskopf, MK Beck, K Fazio, BB Fuller, TK Gese, EM Kelly, BT Knowlton, FF Murray, DL Waddell, W Waits, L TI From the field: Implementing recovery of the red wolf - integrating research scientists and managers SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE adaptive management; Canis rufus; endangered species; implementation; recovery; red wolf ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; CANIS-LATRANS; WOLVES; PLANS; RUFUS AB The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) developed guidelines for the composition and role of endangered species recovery implementation teams, but few teams have been established and their success has not been evaluated. Using the recovery program of the red wolf (Canis rufus) as a model, we describe the genesis, function, and success of the Red Wolf Recovery Implementation Team (RWRIT) in helping guide the establishment of a viable red wolf population in eastern North Carolina. In operation since 1999, the RWRIT meets bi-annually to review USFWS progress and provide recommendations aimed at maximizing success of species recovery. The team is comprised of 8 research scientists from disciplines including population genetics, canid ecology, population ecology, veterinary medicine, and captive management. Representation from each of these disciplines is deemed necessary for proper evaluation of recovery progress and assessment of future needs. Meeting attendance by the USFWS field management team ensures both proper reporting of past progress and future implementation of management recommendations. Over time, RWRIT members have assumed specific assignments for data analyses, further contributing to the recovery effort. Through the combined efforts of the USFWS field team and the RWRIT, the threat of introgression of coyote (Canis latrans) genes into the red wolf population has been substantially curtailed within the recovery area, and red wolf numbers and range have increased. The RWRIT serves as an example of a recovery implementation team that is successfully incorporating the principles of adaptive management and whose template could be adapted to other endangered species. C1 Alligator River Natl Wildlife Refuge, Red Wolf Recovery Program, Manteo, NC 27954 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, Tacoma, WA 98407 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Stoskopf, MK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 4000 Airport Pkwy, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. EM Michael_Stoskopf@ncsu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1145 EP 1152 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1145:FTFIRO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800040 ER PT J AU Koenen, K DeStefano, S Henner, C Beroldi, T AF Koenen, K DeStefano, S Henner, C Beroldi, T TI From the field: Capturing beavers in box traps SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID COYOTES; FOXES C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Field Headquarters, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Koenen, K (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM kiana@forwild.umass.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1153 EP 1159 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1153:FTFCBI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800041 ER PT J AU Faulhaber, CA Silvy, NJ Lopez, RR Porter, BA Frank, PA Peterson, MJ AF Faulhaber, CA Silvy, NJ Lopez, RR Porter, BA Frank, PA Peterson, MJ TI From the field: Use of drift fences to capture Lower Keys marsh rabbits SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE drift fence; Florida Keys; lagomorphs; live trap; Lower Keys marsh rabbit; Sylvilagus palustris hefneri; trapping ID FLORIDA-KEYS C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Keys Wildlife Refuges, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. RP Faulhaber, CA (reprint author), 3211 Orchard Way, Westlake, OH 44145 USA. EM n-silvy@tamu.edu RI Peterson, Markus/C-3303-2008 OI Peterson, Markus/0000-0001-6145-0134 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1160 EP 1163 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1160:FTFUOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800042 ER PT J AU Vyas, NB Spann, JW Hulse, CS Bauer, W Olson, S AF Vyas, NB Spann, JW Hulse, CS Bauer, W Olson, S TI From the field: Carbofuran detected on weathered raptor carcass feet SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE carbofuran; forensic science; insecticide; raptors; toxicology; wildlife law enforcement ID CANADA AB The cause of death for raptors poisoned at illegal carbofuran-laced predator baits is often not confirmed because the carcass matrices that are conventionally analyzed are not available due to decomposition and scavenging. However, many such carcasses retain intact feet that may have come into contact with carbofuran. Eastern screech owls (Otus asio) were exposed to carbofuran via simulated predator baits. Detection of carbofuran from owl feet weathered for 28 days demonstrated the temporal reliability of using feet during a forensic investigation. Raptor carcasses previously not submitted for residue analysis because of a lack of the conventional matrices may now be salvaged for their feet. C1 Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vyas, NB (reprint author), Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Beltsville Lab, BARC E Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Nimish_Vyas@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1178 EP 1182 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1178:FTFCDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800046 ER PT J AU Wightman, CS Fuller, MR AF Wightman, CS Fuller, MR TI Spacing and physical habitat selection patterns of Peregrine Falcons in central West Greenland SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BREEDING SUCCESS; NESTING HABITAT; PREY AB We examined nest-site spacing and selection of nesting cliffs by Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) in central West Greenland. Our sample included 67 nesting cliffs that were occupied at least once between 1972 and 1999 and 38 cliffs with no known history of Peregrine Falcon occupancy. We measured 29 eyrie, cliff, and topographical features at each occupied nesting cliff and unused cliff in 1998-1999 and used them to model the probability of peregrines occupying a cliff for a breeding attempt. Nearest-neighbor distance was significantly greater than both nearest-cliff distance and nearest-occupied distance (the distance between an occupied cliff and one occupied at least once, 1972-1999). Thus, spacing among occupied cliffs was probably the most important factor limiting nesting-cliff availability, and, ultimately, peregrine nesting densities. Although some unused cliffs were unavailable in a given year because of peregrine spacing behavior, physical characteristics apparently made some cliffs unsuitable, regardless of availability. We confirmed the importance of several features common to descriptions of peregrine nesting habitat and found that peregrines occupied tall nesting cliffs with open views. They chose nesting cliffs with eyrie ledges that provided a moderate degree of overhang protection and that were inaccessible to ground predators. Overall, we concluded that certain features of a cliff were important in determining its suitability as a nest site, but within a given breeding season there also must be sufficient spacing between neighboring falcon pairs. Our habitat model and information on spacing requirements may be applicable to other areas of Greenland and the Arctic, and can be used to test the generalities about features of Peregrine Falcon nesting cliffs throughout the species' widespread distribution. C1 Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Boise, ID 83725 USA. Boise State Univ, USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Wightman, CS (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, 2221 W Greenway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. EM ewightman@azgfd.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 117 IS 3 BP 226 EP 236 DI 10.1676/04-036.1 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 966BF UT WOS:000231993900002 ER PT J AU Andres, BA Browne, BT Brann, DL AF Andres, BA Browne, BT Brann, DL TI Composition, abundance, and timing of post-breeding migrant landbirds at Yakutat, Alaska SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID AGE RATIOS; PASSERINE MIGRANTS; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; STOPOVER SITES; MIGRATION; ISLAND; CALIFORNIA; PATTERNS; AUTUMN; BIRDS AB The eastern Gulf of Alaska coastline is suspected of providing an important pathway for birds migrating to and from Alaska. Because no intensive study of landbird migration has been conducted in this region, we used mist nets to study the post-breeding migration of landbirds along the coast from 1994 through 1999. Over six post-breeding periods, we netted for a total of 316 days (23,538 net-hr) and captured 13,490 individuals of 46 species (57.3 birds/100 net-hr). Six species constituted >65% of all captures (ordered by abundance): Orange-crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata), Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus), Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii), Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula), Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca), and Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia). Most birds captured (71%) were Nearctic-Neotropical migrants, and percentages of hatching-year (HY) birds varied from 51 to 90% among common species. Daily capture rates of all species were highest between mid-August and mid-September. Migration of HY individuals preceded that of afterhatching-year (AHY) birds in 70% of the Nearctic-Neotropical species. Masses of HY Nearctic-Neotropical migrants were significantly less than those of AHY individuals. High capture rates and consistent annual use indicate that the eastern Gulf of Alaska coast is an important pathway for many small landbird migrants, particularly Nearctic-Neotropical species, departing breeding grounds in southern Alaska. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Nongame Migrat Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Andres, BA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, POB 25486,DFC Parfet, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM Brad_Andres@fws.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 117 IS 3 BP 270 EP 279 DI 10.1676/04-039.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 966BF UT WOS:000231993900006 ER PT J AU Beringer, J Chapin, FS Thompson, CC McGuire, AD AF Beringer, J Chapin, FS Thompson, CC McGuire, AD TI Surface energy exchanges along a tundra-forest transition and feedbacks to climate SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE arctic; surface energy exchanges; eddy covariance; biotic feedbacks treeline; climate change ID BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; ARCTIC TREE LINE; BOREAL FOREST; EDDY-CORRELATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; VEGETATION; BALANCE; FLUXES; EVAPORATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Surface energy exchanges were measured in a sequence of five sites representing the major vegetation types in the transition from arctic tundra to forest. This is the major transition in vegetation structure in northern high latitudes. We examined the influence of vegetation structure on the rates of sensible heating and evapotranspiration to assess the potential feedbacks to climate if high-latitude warming were to change the distribution of these vegetation types. Measurements were made at Council on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, at representative tundra, low shrub, tall shrub, woodland (treeline), and boreal forest sites. Structural differences across the transition from tundra to forest included an increase in the leaf area index (LAI) from 0.52 to 2.76, an increase in canopy height from 0.1 to 6.1 m, and a general increase in canopy complexity. These changes in vegetation structure resulted in a decrease in albedo from 0.19 to 0.10 as well as changes to the partitioning of energy at the surface. Bulk surface resistance to water vapor flux remained virtually constant across sites, apparently because the combined soil and moss evaporation decreased while transpiration increased along the transect from tundra to forest. In general, sites became relatively warmer and drier along the transect with the convective fluxes being increasingly dominated by sensible heating, as evident by an increasing Bowen ratio from 0.94 to 1.22. The difference in growing season average daily sensible heating between tundra and forest was 21 W m(-2). Fluxes changed non-linearly along the transition, with both shrubs and trees substantially enhancing heat transfer to the atmosphere. These changes in vegetation structure that increase sensible heating could feed back to enhance warming at local to regional scales. The magnitude of these vegetation effects on potential high-latitude warming is two to three times greater than suggested by previous modeling studies. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Monash Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Beringer, J (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, POB 11A, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM Jason.beringer@arts.monash.edu.au RI Beringer, Jason/B-8528-2008; OI Beringer, Jason/0000-0002-4619-8361; Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 62 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD AUG 31 PY 2005 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 143 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.006 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 972EP UT WOS:000232437300002 ER PT J AU Yokose, H Lipman, PW Kanamatsu, T AF Yokose, H Lipman, PW Kanamatsu, T TI Physical and chemical properties of submarine basaltic rocks from the submarine flanks of the Hawaiian Islands SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE submarine basalt; landslide; sulfur content; Hawaiian Islands ID MAUNA-LOA-VOLCANO; KILAUEA VOLCANO; CANARY-ISLANDS; SULFUR-CONTENT; LAVAS; GLASSES; LANDSLIDES; VOLATILES; OXIDATION; ERUPTION AB To evaluate physical and chemical diversity in submarine basaltic rocks, approximately 280 deep submarine samples recovered by submersibles from the underwater flanks of the Hawaiian Islands were analyzed and compared. Based on observations from the submersibles and hand specimens, these samples were classified into three main occurrence types (lavas, coarse-grained volcaniclastic rocks, and fine-grained sediments), each with several subtypes. The whole-rock sulfur content and porosity in submarine basaltic rocks, recovered from depths greater than 2000 m, range from < 10 ppm and 2 vol.% to 2200 ppm and 47 vol.%, respectively. These wide variations cannot be due just to different ambient pressures at the collection depths, as inferred previously for submarine erupted lavas. The physical and chemical properties of the recovered samples, especially a combination of three whole-rock parameters (Fe-oxidation state, Sulfur content, and Porosity), are closely related to the occurrence type. The FSP triangular diagram is a valuable indicator of the source location of basaltic fragments deposited in deep submarine areas. This diagram can be applied to basaltic rocks such as clasts in debris-flow deposits, submarine-emplaced lava flows that may have crossed the shoreline, and slightly altered geological samples. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kumamoto Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. US Geol Survey, Volcan Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr, Deep Sea Res Dept, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. RP Yokose, H (reprint author), Kumamoto Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth Sci, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. EM yokose@sci.kumamoto-u.ac.jp; plipman@usgs.gov; toshiyak@jamstec.go.jp NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD AUG 30 PY 2005 VL 219 IS 2-3 BP 173 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.05.005 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 961FL UT WOS:000231647200007 ER PT J AU Foster, AL Breit, GN Yount, JC Whitney, JW Welch, AH Lamothe, PJ Sanzalone, RF Perkins, RB Uddin, MN Muneem, AA Alam, MM AF Foster, AL Breit, GN Yount, JC Whitney, JW Welch, AH Lamothe, PJ Sanzalone, RF Perkins, RB Uddin, MN Muneem, AA Alam, MM TI Spectromicroscopy and microdiffraction studies of arsenic-rich iron oxide bands in near-surface sediments of eastern Bangladesh SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM afoster@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 81-GEOC BP U1754 EP U1755 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303515 ER PT J AU Leenheer, JA AF Leenheer, JA TI Progression from model structures to molecular structures of natural organic matter components SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM leenheer@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 159-GEOC BP U1795 EP U1795 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303593 ER PT J AU Lusk, M AF Lusk, M TI Lessons learned from invasive species management in the National Wildlife Refuge System SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM Michael_Lusk@fws.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 87-AGRO BP U142 EP U142 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300268 ER PT J AU Rostad, C Leenheer, LA AF Rostad, C Leenheer, LA TI Factors that affect molecular weight distribution of fulvic acids as determined by ellectrospray ionization/mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Div Water Resources, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM cerostad@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 120-GEOC BP U1774 EP U1774 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303554 ER PT J AU Rostad, CE Hostettler, FD AF Rostad, CE Hostettler, FD TI Rapid differentiation of refined fuels using negative electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cerostad@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 7-PETR BP U2311 EP U2311 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797304621 ER PT J AU Schultz, MM Furlong, ET AF Schultz, MM Furlong, ET TI Determination of antidepressants in environmental matrices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mschultz@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 124-ENVR BP U1559 EP U1560 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303124 ER PT J AU Westbrooks, RG AF Westbrooks, RG TI Progress on development of a National Early Detection and Rapid Response System for Invasive Plants in the United States SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. EM rwestbrooks@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 96-AGRO BP U146 EP U147 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300277 ER PT J AU Westbrooks, RG AF Westbrooks, RG TI Overview of permitted and prohibited listing approaches for new and emerging invasive plants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. EM rwestbrooks@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 73-AGRO BP U134 EP U134 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300254 ER PT J AU Day-Lewis, FD Singha, K Binley, AM AF Day-Lewis, FD Singha, K Binley, AM TI Applying petrophysical models to radar travel time and electrical resistivity tomograms: Resolution-dependent limitations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE CALCULATION; CROSS-BOREHOLE RADAR; VADOSE ZONE; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; RESOLVING POWER; 3 DIMENSIONS; INVERSION; TRANSPORT; SITE; MIGRATION AB [1] Geophysical imaging has traditionally provided qualitative information about geologic structure; however, there is increasing interest in using petrophysical models to convert tomograms to quantitative estimates of hydrogeologic, mechanical, or geochemical parameters of interest ( e. g., permeability, porosity, water content, and salinity). Unfortunately, petrophysical estimation based on tomograms is complicated by limited and variable image resolution, which depends on ( 1) measurement physics ( e. g., electrical conduction or electromagnetic wave propagation), ( 2) parameterization and regularization, ( 3) measurement error, and ( 4) spatial variability. We present a framework to predict how core-scale relations between geophysical properties and hydrologic parameters are altered by the inversion, which produces smoothly varying pixel-scale estimates. We refer to this loss of information as "correlation loss.'' Our approach upscales the core-scale relation to the pixel scale using the model resolution matrix from the inversion, random field averaging, and spatial statistics of the geophysical property. Synthetic examples evaluate the utility of radar travel time tomography (RTT) and electrical-resistivity tomography (ERT) for estimating water content. This work provides ( 1) a framework to assess tomograms for geologic parameter estimation and ( 2) insights into the different patterns of correlation loss for ERT and RTT. Whereas ERT generally performs better near boreholes, RTT performs better in the interwell region. Application of petrophysical models to the tomograms in our examples would yield misleading estimates of water content. Although the examples presented illustrate the problem of correlation loss in the context of near-surface geophysical imaging, our results have clear implications for quantitative analysis of tomograms for diverse geoscience applications. C1 US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Lancaster, Inst Environm & Nat Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA 4YQ, England. Bucknell Univ, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Day-Lewis, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM daylewis@usgs.gov; ksingha@psu.edu; a.binley@lancaster.ac.uk RI Binley, Andrew/C-2487-2013; OI Binley, Andrew/0000-0002-0938-9070; Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X NR 53 TC 160 Z9 160 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 24 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B8 AR B08206 DI 10.1029/2004JB003569 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 960EC UT WOS:000231572000003 ER PT J AU Aubin-Horth, N Landry, CR Letcher, BH Hofmann, HA AF Aubin-Horth, N Landry, CR Letcher, BH Hofmann, HA TI Alternative life histories shape brain gene expression profiles in males of the same population SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE microarray; gene expression; plasticity; behaviour; reproduction; brain ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; MALE ATLANTIC SALMON; CDNA MICROARRAY; L PARR; EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; SEXUAL-MATURATION; GROWTH; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; HYBRIDIZATION AB Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) undergo spectacular marine migrations before homing to spawn in natal rivers. However, males that grow fastest early in life can adopt an alternative 'sneaker' tactic by maturing earlier at greatly reduced size without leaving freshwater. While the ultimate evolutionary causes have been well studied, virtually nothing is known about the molecular bases of this developmental plasticity. We investigate the nature and extent of coordinated molecular changes that accompany such a fundamental transformation by comparing the brain transcription profiles of wild mature sneaker males to age-matched immature males (future large anadromous males) and immature females. Of the ca. 3000 genes surveyed, 15% are differentially expressed in the brains of the two male types. These genes are involved in a wide range of processes, including growth, reproduction and neural plasticity. Interestingly, despite the potential for wide variation in gene expression profiles among individuals sampled in nature, consistent patterns of gene expression were found for individuals of the same reproductive tactic. Notably, gene expression patterns in immature males were different both from immature females and sneakers, indicating that delayed maturation and sea migration by immature males, the 'default' life cycle, may actually result from an active inhibition of development into a sneaker. C1 Harvard Univ, Bauer Ctr Genom Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolut Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Aubin-Horth, N (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Bauer Ctr Genom Res, 7 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM naubin-horth@cgr.harvard.edu RI Hofmann, Hans/A-1437-2008; Aubin-Horth, Nadia/F-3857-2011; Landry, Christian/F-3890-2011; OI Aubin-Horth, Nadia/0000-0002-9030-634X; Hofmann, Hans/0000-0002-3335-330X NR 51 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 5 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD AUG 22 PY 2005 VL 272 IS 1573 BP 1655 EP 1662 DI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3125 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 962AM UT WOS:000231703400004 PM 16087419 ER PT J AU Brownfield, ME Affolter, RH Cathcart, JD Johnson, SY Brownfield, IK Rice, CA AF Brownfield, ME Affolter, RH Cathcart, JD Johnson, SY Brownfield, IK Rice, CA TI Geologic setting and characterization of coals and the modes of occurrence of selected elements from the Franklin coal zone, Puget Group, John Henry No. 1 mine, King County, Washington, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Washington; coal; trace elements; mineralogy; mercury; modes of occurrence ID WESTERN WASHINGTON; LATE EOCENE; ORIGIN; BASIN; FAULT; KEY AB Upper middle and upper Eocene coal-bearing strata in the Green River coal district of Washington state are in the Franklin coal zone of the undivided Puget Group. Coal-bearing strata accumulated in intertidal and deltaic environments along a tidally influenced delta plain. Numerous shale and tonstein partings within the coals indicate that the coal formed in low-lying peat mires. To evaluate variations in element distribution within these coals, vertical bench channel samples from the Franklin No. 7-8-9 (it = 24) and the No. 10 (it = 11) coal beds were collected. Coal beds in the John Henry No. I mine of the Green River coal district have an apparent rank of high volatile B bituminous. No. 7-8-9 and No. 10 have a mean sulfur content of 0.67 wt.% and 0.9 wt.% respectively. When compared statistically to other western U.S. Tertiary coals, the Franklin coal zone in the John Henry No. I mine Franklin coal zone is significantly higher in contents of ash, Si, Al, Mg, K, Ti, Ag, As, Cu, F, Ga, Hg, Li, Nb, Ni, P, Sc, Sr, V, Y, Yb, and Zr, and has significantly lower contents of Ca, Na, B, Nd, and Se. Mean contents of several elements in the Franklin No. 7-8-9 and No. 10 coal beds are uncommonly high compared to western U.S. Tertiary coals. The No. 7-8-9 bed is higher in As (6.6X, 44 ppm), Cu (3.8X, 42 ppm), F (3X, 190 ppm), Hg (44X, 4.4 ppm), Mn (3.4X, 170 ppm), Nb (4.4X, 10 ppm), Ni (3.5X, 16 ppm), V (4X, 68 ppm), and Zr (4.9X, 88 ppm). The No. 10 bed is higher in As (11X, 81 ppm), Cu (3.2X, 35 ppm), Hg (75X, 7.5 ppm), Ni (3.3X, 15 ppm), P (5.4X, 1300 ppm), Sc (4.1X, 8 ppm), Sr (2.5X, 680 ppm), V (3.7X, 63 ppm), and Zr (2.7X, 48 ppm). X-ray diffraction analysis of the low-temperature ash from these coals reveals the predominance of quartz and clays (kaolinite, minor illite, smectite group, and mixed layer) and minor plagiociase feldspar (albite, disordered, and ordered Cabearing), carbonate (ankerite, calcite, kutnohorite, and siderite), pyrite, and clinoptilolite. Minor crandallite group minerals, zircon, and beta-form quartz phenocrysts were also found, indicating that volcanic ash was deposited within the peat-forming mires. The presence of augite, homblende, and smectite group clays in the tonsteins suggests a volcanic source that was intermediate in composition. The higher contents of Ba, F, P, Sr, and Zr in the Franklin coals result from the alteration of volcanic ash in the mires. Apatite contains major amounts of F and P, whereas feldspar contains Ba and Sr. Zircon is the primary Zr-bearing mineral. Crandallite group minerals are major Ba- and P- bearing minerals in the coals and can contain Ca and Sr. Higher As and Hg contents in the coals result from post-Eocene hydrothermal mineralization. Mines in the nearby Green River Gorge contain cinnabar, metacinnabar, realgar, and orpiment. Realgar and orpiment were found in fractured sandstone above the No. 10 coal bed. Kleinite and cinnabar, both mercury-containing minerals, were identified in coal samples and native mercury was found in one parting sample. Thermal and XANES studies on coal samples indicate that there are at least two modes of occurrence for Hg in the Franklin coals: (1) organic complexes containing Hg, and (2) Hg-bearing minerals within the coal and associated partings. Pyrite may also contain trace amounts of As, Hg, and Ni. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Brownfield, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, MS 939,DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mbrownfield@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD AUG 19 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2005.03.021 PG 29 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 959AS UT WOS:000231489900004 ER PT J AU Soule, SA Fornari, DJ Perfit, MR Tivey, MA Ridley, WI Schouten, H AF Soule, SA Fornari, DJ Perfit, MR Tivey, MA Ridley, WI Schouten, H TI Channelized lava flows at the East Pacific Rise crest 9 degrees-10 degrees N: The importance of off-axis lava transport in developing the architecture of young oceanic crust SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE channels; lava; lava morphology; ridge-crest; submarine; marine geology and geophysics : midocean ridge processes; marine geology and geophysics : ophiolites (8140); volcanology : effusive volcanism ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SPREADING MIDOCEAN RIDGES; DE-FUCA RIDGE; SEISMIC LAYER 2A; EMPLACEMENT PROCESSES; ANALOG EXPERIMENTS; SUBMERSIBLE OBSERVATIONS; TECTONIC SEGMENTATION; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS AB [1] Submarine lava flows are the building blocks of young oceanic crust. Lava erupted at the ridge axis is transported across the ridge crest in a manner dictated by the rheology of the lava, the characteristics of the eruption, and the topography it encounters. The resulting lava flows can vary dramatically in form and consequently in their impact on the physical characteristics of the seafloor and the architecture of the upper 50 - 500 m of the oceanic crust. We have mapped and measured numerous submarine channelized lava flows at the East Pacific Rise (EPR) crest 9 degrees - 10 degrees N that reflect the high-effusion-rate and high-flow-velocity end-member of lava eruption and transport at mid-ocean ridges. Channel systems composed of identifiable segments 50 - 1000 m in length extend up to 3 km from the axial summit trough (AST) and have widths of 10 - 50 m and depths of 2 - 3 m. Samples collected within the channels are N-MORB with Mg# indicating eruption from the AST. We produce detailed maps of lava surface morphology across the channel surface from mosaics of digital images that show lineated or flat sheets at the channel center bounded by brecciated lava at the channel margins. Modeled velocity profiles across the channel surface allow us to determine flux through the channels from 0.4 to 4.7 x 10(3) m(3)/ s, and modeled shear rates help explain the surface morphology variation. We suggest that channelized lava flows are a primary mechanism by which lava accumulates in the off-axis region ( 1 - 3 km) and produces the layer 2A thickening that is observed at fast and superfast spreading ridges. In addition, the rapid, high-volume-flux eruptions necessary to produce channelized flows may act as an indicator of the local magma budget along the EPR. We find that high concentrations of channelized lava flows correlate with local, across-axis ridge morphology indicative of an elevated magma budget. Additionally, in locations where channelized flows are located dominantly to the east or west of the AST, the ridge crest is asymmetric, and layer 2A appears to thicken over a greater distance from the AST toward the side of the ridge crest where the channels are located. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Soule, SA (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Clark S,272C,MS 24,286 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ssoule@whoi.edu RI Tivey, Maurice/E-9247-2015 OI Tivey, Maurice/0000-0003-0821-1155 NR 91 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG 18 PY 2005 VL 6 AR Q08005 DI 10.1029/2005GC000912 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 957WK UT WOS:000231403800001 ER PT J AU Donlan, J Berger, J Bock, CE Bock, JH Burney, DA Estes, JA Foreman, D Martin, PS Roemer, GW Smith, FA Soule, ME Greene, HW AF Donlan, J Berger, J Bock, CE Bock, JH Burney, DA Estes, JA Foreman, D Martin, PS Roemer, GW Smith, FA Soule, ME Greene, HW TI Re-wilding North America SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Teton Field Off, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fordham Univ, New York, NY 10023 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Rewilding Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Donlan, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 7 TC 126 Z9 131 U1 23 U2 209 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 18 PY 2005 VL 436 IS 7053 BP 913 EP 914 DI 10.1038/436913a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 955XQ UT WOS:000231263900020 PM 16107817 ER PT J AU Tan, ZX Liu, SG Johnston, CA Loveland, TR Tieszen, LL Liu, JX Kurtz, R AF Tan, ZX Liu, SG Johnston, CA Loveland, TR Tieszen, LL Liu, JX Kurtz, R TI Soil organic carbon dynamics as related to land use history in the northwestern Great Plains SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; C-13 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND; STORAGE; UNCERTAINTY; IMPACTS; CLIMATE; BIOMASS; REGION AB [1] Strategies for mitigating the global greenhouse effect must account for soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics at both spatial and temporal scales, which is usually challenging owing to limitations in data and approach. This study was conducted to characterize the SOC dynamics associated with land use change history in the northwestern Great Plains ecoregion. A sampling framework ( 40 sample blocks of 10 x 10 km(2) randomly located in the ecoregion) and the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System ( GEMS) were used to quantify the spatial and temporal variability in the SOC stock from 1972 to 2001. Results indicate that C source and sink areas coexisted within the ecoregion, and the SOC stock in the upper 20-cm depth increased by 3.93 Mg ha(-1) over the 29 years. About 17.5% of the area was evaluated as a C source at 122 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1). The spatial variability of SOC stock was attributed to the dynamics of both slow and passive fractions, while the temporal variation depended on the slow fraction only. The SOC change at the block scale was positively related to either grassland proportion or negatively related to cropland proportion. We concluded that the slow C pool determined whether soils behaved as sources or sinks of atmospheric CO(2), but the strength depended on antecedent SOC contents, land cover type, and land use change history in the ecoregion. C1 S Dakota Ctr Biocomplex Studies, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. US Geol Survey, Res Associateship Program, Natl Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Tan, ZX (reprint author), S Dakota Ctr Biocomplex Studies, Box 2202, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM ztan@usgs.gov; jxliu@usgs.gov; carol.johnston@sdstate.edu; loveland@usgs.gov; tieszen@usgs.gov; sliu@usgs.gov; rkurtz@usgs.gov RI El Husny, Chafic/G-5410-2012 NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG 17 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 AR GB3011 DI 10.1029/2005GB002536 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 957WR UT WOS:000231404500002 ER PT J AU Jaumann, R Reiss, D Frei, S Neukum, G Scholten, F Gwinner, K Roatsch, T Matz, KD Mertens, V Hauber, E Hoffmann, H Kohler, U Hiesinger, H Carr, MH AF Jaumann, R Reiss, D Frei, S Neukum, G Scholten, F Gwinner, K Roatsch, T Matz, KD Mertens, V Hauber, E Hoffmann, H Kohler, U Hiesinger, H Carr, MH TI Interior channels in Martian valleys: Constraints on fluvial erosion by measurements of the Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OUTFLOW CHANNELS; WATER FLOWS; SEDIMENT; SCALE AB In High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) images of the Mars Express Mission a 130 km long interior channel is identified within a 400 km long valley network system located in the Lybia Montes. Ages of the valley floor and the surroundings as derived from crater counts define a period of similar to 350 Myrs during which the valleymight have been formed. Based on HRSC stereo measurements the discharge of the interior channel is estimated at similar to 4800 m(3)/s, corresponding to a runoff production rate of similar to 1 cm/day. Mass balances indicate erosion rates of a few cm/year implying the erosion activity in the valley to a few thousand years for continuous flow, or one or more orders of magnitude longer time spans for more intermittent flows. Therefore, during the Hesperian, relatively brief but recurring episodes of erosion intervals are more likely than sustained flow. C1 German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geosci, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jaumann, R (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM ralf.jaumann@dlr.de RI Reiss, Dennis/B-6211-2008; OI Reiss, Dennis/0000-0002-1836-596X NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 16 AR L16203 DI 10.1029/2005GL023415 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 957WM UT WOS:000231404000005 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF AF Pollitz, FF TI Transient rheology of the upper mantle beneath central Alaska inferred from the crustal velocity field following the 2002 Denali earthquake SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID 1999 HECTOR MINE; M-W 7.1; POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION; LANDERS-EARTHQUAKE; MOJAVE-DESERT; CALIFORNIA; FLOW; GPS; RELAXATION; DEPTH AB The M7.9 2002 Denali earthquake, Alaska, is one of the largest strike- slip earthquakes ever recorded. The postseismic GPS velocity field around the 300- km- long rupture is characterized by very rapid horizontal velocity up to similar to 300 mm/ yr for the first 0.1 years and slower but still elevated horizontal velocity up to similar to 100 mm/ yr for the succeeding 1.5 years. I find that the spatial and temporal pattern of the displacement field may be explained by a transient mantle rheology. Representing the regional upper mantle as a Burghers body, I infer steady state and transient viscosities of eta(1) = 2.8 x 10(18) Pa s and eta(2) = 1.0 x 10(17) Pa s, respectively, corresponding to material relaxation times of 1.3 and 0.05 years. The lower crustal viscosity is poorly constrained by the considered horizontal velocity field, and the quoted mantle viscosities assume a steady state lower crust viscosity that is 7 eta(1). Systematic bias in predicted versus observed velocity vectors with respect to a fixed North America during the first 3 - 6 months following the earthquake is reduced when all velocity vectors are referred to a fixed site. This suggests that the post- Denali GPS time series for the first 1.63 years are shaped by a combination of a common mode noise source during the first 3 - 6 months plus viscoelastic relaxation controlled by a transient mantle rheology. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 16 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B8 AR B08407 DI 10.1029/2005JB003672 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 957XH UT WOS:000231406200010 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF Fletcher, JP AF Pollitz, FF Fletcher, JP TI Waveform tomography of crustal structure in the south San Francisco Bay region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID MULTIPARAMETER 2-DIMENSIONAL INVERSION; 1989 LOMA-PRIETA; SEISMIC SURFACE-WAVES; S-VELOCITY STRUCTURE; LATERAL HETEROGENEITY; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; STRONG-MOTION; CLARA VALLEY; TRAVEL-TIMES; NORMAL-MODES AB We utilize a scattering- based seismic tomography technique to constrain crustal structure around the southern San Francisco Bay region ( SFBR). This technique is based on coupled traveling wave scattering theory, which has usually been applied to the interpretation of surface waves in large regional- scale studies. Using fully threedimensional kernels, this technique is here applied to observed P, S, and surface waves of intermediate period ( 3 - 4 s dominant period) observed following eight selected regional events. We use a total of 73 seismograms recorded by a U. S. Geological Survey short-period seismic array in the western Santa Clara Valley, the Berkeley Digital Seismic Network, and the Northern California Seismic Network. Modifications of observed waveforms due to scattering from crustal structure include ( positive or negative) amplification, delay, and generation of coda waves. The derived crustal structure explains many of the observed signals which cannot be explained with a simple layered structure. There is sufficient sensitivity to both deep and shallow crustal structure that even with the few sources employed in the present study, we obtain shallow velocity structure which is reasonably consistent with previous P wave tomography results. We find a depth-dependent lateral velocity contrast across the San Andreas fault ( SAF), with higher velocities southwest of the SAF in the shallow crust and higher velocities northeast of the SAF in the midcrust. The method does not have the resolution to identify very slow sediment velocities in the upper approximately 3 km since the tomographic models are smooth at a vertical scale of about 5 km. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 16 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B8 AR B08308 DI 10.1029/2004JB003509 PG 37 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 957XH UT WOS:000231406200005 ER PT J AU Schmidt, DA Burgmann, R Nadeau, RM d'Alessio, M AF Schmidt, DA Burgmann, R Nadeau, RM d'Alessio, M TI Distribution of aseismic slip rate on the Hayward fault inferred from seismic and geodetic data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; 7.1 HECTOR MINE; REPEATING EARTHQUAKES; SUBDUCTION ZONE; CREEP RESPONSE; FRANCISCO BAY; HALF-SPACE; CALIFORNIA; PARKFIELD AB [1] We solve for the slip rate distribution on the Hayward fault by performing a least squares inversion of geodetic and seismic data sets. Our analysis focuses on the northern 60 km of the fault. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from 13 independent ERS interferograms are stacked to obtain range change rates from 1992 to 2000. Horizontal surface displacement rates at 141 bench marks are measured using GPS from 1994 to 2003. Surface creep observations and estimates of deep slip rates determined from characteristic repeating earthquake sequences are also incorporated in the inversion. The fault is discretized into 283 triangular dislocation elements that approximate the nonplanar attributes of the fault surface. South of the city of Hayward, a steeply, east dipping fault geometry accommodates the divergence of the surface trace and the microseismicity at depth. The inferred slip rate distribution is consistent with a fault that creeps aseismically at a rate of similar to 5 mm/yr to a depth of 4 - 6 km. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar ( InSAR) data require an aseismic slip rate that approaches the geologic slip rate on the northernmost fault segment beneath Point Pinole, although the InSAR data might be complicated by a small dip-slip component at this location. A low slip rate patch of < 1 mm/yr is inferred beneath San Leandro consistent with the source location of the 1868 earthquake. We calculate that the entire fault is accumulating a slip rate deficit equivalent to a M-w = 6.77 +/- 0.05 per century. However, this estimate of potential coseismic moment represents an upper bound because we do not know how much of the accumulated strain will be released through aseismic processes such as afterslip. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Univ Oregon 1272, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM das@uoregon.edu; burgmann@seismo.berkeley.edu; nadeau@seismo.berkeley.edu; dalessio@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 16 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B8 AR B08406 DI 10.1029/2004JB003397 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 957XH UT WOS:000231406200003 ER PT J AU Watkins, DK Self-Trail, JM AF Watkins, DK Self-Trail, JM TI Calcareous nannofossil evidence for the existence of the Gulf Stream during the late Maastrichtian SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC-OCEAN; BLAKE PLATEAU; COCCOLITHOPHORES; BIOGEOGRAPHY; STRATIGRAPHY; NORTHERN; PACIFIC; TRENDS; SEA AB [1] Upper Maastrichtian calcareous nannofossil assemblages, from eight cores on the South Carolina Coastal Plain ( onshore set) and three deep sea drilling sites from the continental slope and abyssal hills ( offshore set), were analyzed by correlation and principal component analysis to examine the ancient surface water thermal structure. In addition, a temperature index derived from independently published paleobiogeographic information was applied to the sample data. All three methods indicate a strong separation of the samples into onshore and offshore sets, with the offshore data set exhibiting significantly warmer paleotemperatures. The great disparity between these two sample sets indicates that there was a strong thermal contrast between the onshore and offshore surface water masses that persisted throughout the late Maastrichtian despite evident short-term changes in fertility, productivity, and community structure. This suggests the Gulf Stream was present as a major oceanographic feature during the late Maastrichtian. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA USA. RP Watkins, DK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jstrail@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD AUG 16 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 AR PA3006 DI 10.1029/2004PA001121 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 957XR UT WOS:000231407200001 ER PT J AU Hilton, DR Pallister, JS Pua, RM AF Hilton, DR Pallister, JS Pua, RM TI Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2003 Eruption of Anatahan Volcano, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. Emergency Management Off, Saipan, CM USA. RP Hilton, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM drhilton@ucsd.edu; jpallist@usgs.gov RI Hilton, David/B-7611-2008 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 146 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.01.015 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 962NC UT WOS:000231738500001 ER PT J AU Rowland, SK Lockwood, JP Trusdell, FA Moore, RB Sako, MK Koyanagi, RY Kojima, G AF Rowland, SK Lockwood, JP Trusdell, FA Moore, RB Sako, MK Koyanagi, RY Kojima, G TI Anatahan, Northern Mariana Islands: Reconnaissance geological observations during and after the volcanic crisis of spring 1990, and monitoring prior to the May 2003 eruption SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE Anatahan; Mariana; caldera; geothermal; stratovolcano; EDM ID SYSTEM AB Anatahan island is 9.5 km east-west by 3.5 kin north-south and truncated by an elongate caldera 5 kin east west by 2.5 km north-south. A steep-walled pit crater similar to 1 km across and similar to 200 in deep occupies the eastern part of the caldera. The island is the summit region of a mostly submarine stratovolcano. The oldest subaerial rocks (stage 1) are exposed low on the outer flanks and in the caldera walls. These include thick (similar to 10 m) and thin (2-3 in) lava flows, well-indurated tuffs, and scoria units that make up the bulk of the island. Rock compositions range from basaltic andesite to dacite, and most are plagioclase-phyric. On the steep north and south flanks of the volcano, these rocks are cut by numerous east-west-oriented, few-hundred-m-long lineaments of undetermined origin. Indurated breccias unconformably overlie scarps cut into stage I units low on the south flank. Intermediate-age eruptive units (stage 2) include caldera-filling lava flows and pyroclastic deposits and, on the outer flanks, vents and valley-filling lava flows. The youngest pre-2003 volcanic unit on Anatahan (stage 3) is a hydromagmatic surge and fall deposit rich in accretionary lapilli. Prior to 2003, this unit was found over almost the entire island, and in many places original depositional surfaces and outcrops could be found in high-energy environments along the coast, indicating a young (but undetermined) age. During reconnaissance visits in 1990, 1992, 1994, and 2001, geothermal activity (fumaroles as well as pits with boiling, sediment-laden pools) was observed in the southern part of the pit crater. In March and April 1990, increased local seismicity, a large regional earthquake, and reported increased fumarolic activity in the pit crater prompted evacuation of Anatahan village, at the west end of the island. Our first field investigation took place in late April 1990 to assess the level of volcanic unrest, conduct reconnaissance geological observations, collect rock and geothermal water samples, and set up a geophysical monitoring network. Results at this time were inconclusive with respect to determining whether the activity was anomalous. Water in some of the geothermal pits within the pit crater was boiling, and pH values as low as 0.7 were recorded in the field. An electronic distance measurement (EDM) network was installed, and over a similar to 1-week period, up to 9 cm of extension occurred across some lines but not others. Seismicity was characterized by intermittent local earthquakes but no sustained swarms or tremor. A brief visit in June 1990 revealed that the shallow lake near the boiling pits was gone, but activity in the pits themselves was similar to that of April 1990. Only minor extension had occurred along a single EDM line since the previous visit, and no earthquakes > M2.5 occurred during the visit. Subsequent 1- to 2-day visits occurred in October 1990, May 1992, May 1994, and June 2001. Activity within the geothermal pits was relatively constant during every visit, although during this I I-year period the level of the water in each pit decreased. In June 2001, a similar to 50-m-wide region of mud pots and steaming ground in the central part of the geothermal area had developed. No geologic evidence, however, suggested that an eruption would occur < 2 years afterward. Most of the EDM lines showed slight extension between late 1990 and 1992, followed by very gradual contraction from 1992 to 2001. A more extensive seismic-monitoring system was installed on the Northern Mariana Islands during these visits, and it recorded a small seismic swarm at Anatahan from May to July 1993. The telemetry component of the seismic equipment broke prior to 2001 and had not been repaired by the time of the May 2003 eruption, so no precursory seismic data were recorded to indicate preeruption unrest. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Rowland, SK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM scott@hawaii.edu NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 146 IS 1-3 BP 26 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.10.020 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 962NC UT WOS:000231738500003 ER PT J AU Pozgay, SH White, RA Wiens, DA Shore, PJ Sauter, AW Kaipat, JL AF Pozgay, SH White, RA Wiens, DA Shore, PJ Sauter, AW Kaipat, JL TI Seismicity and tilt associated with the 2003 Anatahan eruption sequence SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE Anatahan; Mariana Islands; volcano seismology; broadband; VLP; tilt ID BENEATH KILAUEA VOLCANO; SIGNALS; STROMBOLI; HAWAII; SYSTEM AB On May 10, 2003, the first historical eruption of Anatahan volcano in the western Pacific Mariana Islands was fortuitously recorded by a broadband seismograph installed on the island only 4 days prior to the eruption. This station, located 7 km WNW of the active crater, together with another broadband seismograph on Sarigan Island 45 km to the north, continued to operate throughout the 2-month period of major eruptive activity in May and June and throughout the majority of the following year. In June 2003, the Saipan Emergency Management Office and the US Geological Survey installed two telemetered high-gain short-period seismic stations to monitor the activity in real-time. The only earthquakes detected in the 4-day period from the initial seismograph installation until 6 h prior to the eruption occurred approximately 20 kin to the northeast of the island on May 8. The first volcano-tectonic (VT) event located near the volcano occurred at 01:53 GMT on May 10. The number of events per hour then increased dramatically and a period of about 80 discrete earthquakes per hour commenced at about 06:20 GMT, immediately prior to the estimated eruption time of 07:30 from the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center. A long-period tilt signal recorded on the horizontal components of the broadband seismograph, indicating upward movement of the crater region, also commenced at about 06:20. Inflation continued until 09:30, when the direction of tilt reversed. Deflation continued until 17:50, coinciding with a reduction in the number of VT events. The larger VT events were located with a linearized least-squares location algorithm. Magnitudes of located VT events on May 10 ranged from 2.0 to 3.2, but a period of larger VT events were recorded on May 11, with the largest M 4.2. After about 36 h of intense earthquake activity, the number of discrete VT events declined and was replaced by nearly continuous volcanic tremor for the next 6 weeks. Differing types of very long-period events may suggest complex non-destructive magmatic source mechanisms, persisting dominantly throughout the first 10 days of the initial eruption. Visual reports indicate that a small craggy dome extruded sometime between May 20 and June 5. From analogy with other volcanic dome extrusions, we believe the dome probably extruded just as the tremor amplitude decreased dramatically about May 24. This dome was then destroyed between June 13 and 14. Reduced displacement of the co-eruption tremor is estimated as approximately 40-80 cm, suggesting an eruption with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of about 3. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Emergency Management Off, Saipan, CM USA. RP Pozgay, SH (reprint author), Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. EM spozgay@wustl.edu NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 146 IS 1-3 BP 60 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.008 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 962NC UT WOS:000231738500004 ER PT J AU Wade, JA Plank, T Stern, RJ Tollstrup, DL Gill, JB O'Leary, JC Eiler, JM Moore, RB Woodhead, JD Trusdell, F Fischer, TP Hilton, DR AF Wade, JA Plank, T Stern, RJ Tollstrup, DL Gill, JB O'Leary, JC Eiler, JM Moore, RB Woodhead, JD Trusdell, F Fischer, TP Hilton, DR TI The May 2003 eruption of Anatahan volcano, Mariana Islands: Geochemical evolution of a silicic island-arc volcano SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE Anatahan volcano; Mariana Islands; geochemical evolution; island-arc volcano ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE RATIOS; WESTERN PACIFIC; MAGMA GENESIS; DEPLETED MANTLE; SUBDUCTION ZONES; NORTHERN MARIANA; LESSER ANTILLES; HAFNIUM ISOTOPE; ELEMENT; ORIGIN AB The first historical eruption of Anatahan volcano began on May 10, 2003. Samples of tephra from early in the eruption were analyzed for major and trace elements, and Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf, and 0 isotopic compositions. The compositions of these tephras are compared with those of prehistoric samples of basalt and andesite, also newly reported here. The May 2003 eruptives are medium-K andesites with 59-63 Wt-% SiO2, and are otherwise homogeneous (varying less than 3% 2 sigma about the mean for 45 elements). Small, but systematic, chemical differences exist between dark (scoria) and light (pumice) fragments, which indicate fewer mafic and oxide phenocrysts in, and less degassing for, the pumice than scoria. The May 2003 magmas are nearly identical to other prehistoric eruptives from Anatahan. Nonetheless, Anatahan has erupted a wide range of compositions in the past, from basalt to dacite (49-66 Wt-% SiO2). The large proportion of lavas with silicic compositions at Anatahan (> 59 wt.% SiO2) is unique within the active Mariana Islands, which otherwise erupt a narrow range of basalts and basaltic andesites. The silicic compositions raise the question of whether they formed via crystal fractionation or crustal assimilation. The lack of Sr-87/(86) Sr variation with silica content, the MORB-like delta O-18, and the incompatible behavior of Zr rule out assimilation of old crust, altered crust, or zircon-saturated crustal melts, respectively. Instead, the constancy of isotopic and trace element ratios, and the systematic variations in REE patterns are consistent with evolution by crystal fractionation of similar parental magmas. Thus, Anatahan is a type example of an island-arc volcano that erupts comagmatic basalts to dacites, with no evidence for crustal assimilation. The parental magmas to Anatahan lie at the low Nd-143/(144) Nd, Ba/La, and Sm/La end of the spectrum of magmas erupted in the Marianas arc, consistent with 1-3 wt.% addition of subducted sediment to the mantle source, or roughly one third of the sedimentary column. The high Th/La in Anatahan magmas is consistent with shallow loss of the top similar to 50 m of the sedimentary column during subduction. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geosci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 92215 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Fluids & Volatiles Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Wade, JA (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jwade@bu.edu RI Hilton, David/B-7611-2008; Woodhead, Jon/C-2227-2012; Plank, Terry/D-9542-2012; OI Woodhead, Jon/0000-0002-7614-0136 NR 83 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 146 IS 1-3 BP 139 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.11.035 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 962NC UT WOS:000231738500009 ER PT J AU Trusdell, FA Moore, RB Sako, M White, RA Koyanagi, SK Chong, R Camacho, JT AF Trusdell, FA Moore, RB Sako, M White, RA Koyanagi, SK Chong, R Camacho, JT TI The 2003 eruption of Anatahan volcano, Commonwealth of the Northem Mariana Islands: Chronology, volcanology, and deformation SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE Anatahan; chronology; deformation; eruption; volcanology; volume ID VOLUMES AB The first historical eruption on Anatahan Island occurred on 10 May 2003 from the east crater of the volcano. The eruption was preceded by several hours of seismicity. Two and a half hours before the outbreak, the number of earthquakes surged to more than 100 events per hour. At 0730 UTC, the Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center issued an ash advisory. Although the eruption lasted for 3 months, the majority of erupted material was expelled during the first 2 weeks. The opening episode of the eruption resulted in a deposit of juvenile scoria and lithic clasts, the latter derived from geothermally altered colluvial fill from the vent area. The opening episode was followed by crater enlargement and deepening, which produced deposits of coarse, reddish-brown ash containing a mixture of juvenile and lithic clasts. The third episode of the eruption produced coarse ash and lapilli comprised of juvenile scoria and minor amounts of lithics. Plume heights were 4500 to 13,000 m for the initial three phases. The fourth episode, from about May 18 through early August, was characterized by smaller plume heights of 900 to 2400 m, and steam was the dominant component. Minor amounts of coarse ash and accretionary-lapilli ash comprise most of the deposits of the fourth episode, although ballistic blocks and bombs of andesite lava are also locally present. These andesite blocks were emplaced by an explosion on 14 June, which destroyed a small lava dome extruded during the first week of June. Activity waned as the summer progressed, and subsequent ash deposits accumulated in July and early August, by which time the eruption had effectively ended. In September and October, degassing and geothermal activity continued, characterized by small geysers, boiling water, and jetting steam. Noteworthy deviations from this activity were a surge event in late May-early June and the destruction of the lava dome on 14 June. We calculated on-land tephra-fall deposits to have a bulk volume of about 27.5 X 10(6) m(3), covering an area of 40.6 km(2). We determined the juvenile to lithic content of the deposits and corrected the bulk volume to a juvenile volume of 24.0 X 10(6) m(3). We use a volume corrected density of 1.32 g/cm(3) to convert the juvenile volume of 24.0 x 106 m(3) to a magma volume of 13.2 x 10(6) m(3). Using the methods of Fierstein and Nathenson (1992) [Fierstein, J., Nathenson, M., 1992. Another look at the calculation of fallout tephra volumes. Bull. Volcanology. 54, 156-167], we computed the total eruption volume at 45.4 x 10(6) m(3). Deformation surveys recorded large changes surrounding the east crater. The modeled volumetric change based on the surveys was 0.82 x 10(6) m(3) of magma, which we estimate corresponds to a minimum intrusion of 10 X 10(6) m(3) of magma which is in good agreement with our calculated on-land magma volume. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Hawaii Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Emergency Management Off, Saipan, CM 96950 USA. RP Trusdell, FA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaii Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM trusdell@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 146 IS 1-3 BP 184 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.010 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 962NC UT WOS:000231738500011 ER PT J AU Pallister, JS Trusdell, FA Brownfield, IK Siems, DF Budahn, JR Sutley, SF AF Pallister, JS Trusdell, FA Brownfield, IK Siems, DF Budahn, JR Sutley, SF TI The 2003 phreatomagmatic eruptions of Anatahan volcano - textural and petrologic features of deposits at an emergent island volcano SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE volcanology; petrology; petrography; geochemistry; volatiles; phreatic; phreatomagmatic; Mariana Islands; Anatahan AB Stratigraphic and field data are used in conjunction with textural and chemical evidence (including data from scanning electron microscope, electron microprobe, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and instrumental neutron activation analysis) to establish that the 2003 eruption of Anatahan volcano was mainly phreatomagmatic, dominated by explosive interaction of homogeneous composition low-viscosity crystal-poor andesite magma with water. The hydromagmatic mode of eruption contributed to the significant height of initial eruptive columns and to the excavation and eruption of altered rock debris from the sub-volcanic hydrothermal system. Volatile contents of glass inclusions in equilibrium phenocrysts less abundances of these constituents in matrix glass times the estimated mass of juvenile magma indicate minimum emissions of 19 kt SO(2) and 13 kt Cl. This petrologic estimate Of SO(2) emission is an order-of-magnitude less than an estimate from TOMS. Similarly, inferred magma volumes from the petrologic data are an order of magnitude greater than those modeled from deformation data. Both discrepancies indicate additional sources of volatiles, likely derived from a separate fluid phase in the magma. The paucity of near-source volcanic-tectonic earthquakes preceding the eruption, and the dominance of sustained long-period tremor are attributed to the ease of ascent of the hot low-viscosity andesite, followed by a shallow phreatomagmatic mode of eruption. Phreatomagmatic eruptions are probably more common at emergent tropical island volcanoes, where shallow fresh-water lenses occur at near-sea-level vents. These relations suggest that phreatomagmatic explosions contributed to the formation of many of the near-sea-level craters and possibly even to the small calderas at the other Mariana islands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, David A Johnson Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Pallister, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David A Johnson Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jpallist@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 146 IS 1-3 BP 208 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.11.036 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 962NC UT WOS:000231738500012 ER PT J AU Guffanti, M Ewert, JW Gallina, GM Bluth, GJS Swanson, GL AF Guffanti, M Ewert, JW Gallina, GM Bluth, GJS Swanson, GL TI Volcanic-ash hazard to aviation during the 2003-2004 eruptive activity of Anatahan volcano, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE volcanic hazards; volcanic-ash clouds; aviation safety; remote-sensing surveillance; SO2 ID EMISSIONS AB Within the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Anatahan is one of nine active subaerial volcanoes that pose hazards to major air-traffic routes from airborne volcanic ash. The 2003-2004 eruptive activity of Anatahan volcano affected the region's aviation operations for 3 days in May 2003. On the first day of the eruption (10 May 2003), two international flights from Saipan to Japan were cancelled, and several flights implemented ash-avoidance procedures. On 13 May 2003, a high-altitude flight through volcanic gas was reported, with no perceptible damage to the aircraft. TOMS and MODIS analysis of satellite data strongly suggests that no significant ash and only minor amounts Of SO2 were involved in the incident, consistent with crew observations. On 23 May 2003, airport operations were disrupted when tropical-cyclone winds dispersed ash to the south, dusting Saipan with light ashfall and causing flight cancellations there and at Guam 320 kin south of the volcano. Operational (near-real-time) monitoring of ash clouds produced by Anatahan has been conducted since the first day of the eruption on 10 May 2003 by the Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC). The VAAC was among the first groups outside of the immediate area of the volcano to detect and report on the unexpected eruption of Anatahan. After being contacted about an unusual cloud by National Weather Service forecasters in Guam at 1235 UTC on 10 May 2003, the VAAC analyzed GOES 9 images, confirming Anatahan as the likely source of an ash cloud and estimating that the eruption began at about 0730 UTC. The VAAC issued its first Volcanic Ash Advisory for Anatahan at 1300 UTC on 10 May 2003 more than 5 h after the start of the eruption, the delay reflecting the difficulty of detecting and confirming a surprise eruption at a remote volcano with no in situ real-time geophysical monitoring. The initial eruption plume reached 10.7-13.4 kin (35,000-44,000 ft), well into jet cruise altitudes; thereafter, the maximum plume height decreased and during the rest of the eruption usually did not exceed similar to 5 kin (similar to 17,000 ft), which lessened the potential hazard to aircraft at higher cruise altitudes. Drifting ash clouds commonly extended hundreds of kilometers from the volcano, occasionally as far west as the Philippines. Over the course of the eruptive activity in 2003-2004, the VAAC issued 323 advisories (168 with graphical depictions of ash clouds) for Anatahan, serving as a reliable source of ash-cloud information for aviation-related meteorological offices and air carriers. With a record of frequent eruptions in the CNMI, continued satellite and in situ real-time geophysical monitoring is needed at Anatahan and other Marianas volcanoes so that potential hazards to aviation from any future eruptive activity can be quickly and correctly assessed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. NOAA, Satellite Anal Branch, Washington, DC 20233 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Guffanti, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM guffanti@usgs.gov; jwewert@usgs.gov; greg.gallina@noaa.gov; gbluth@mtu.edu; grace.swanson@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 146 IS 1-3 BP 241 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.011 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 962NC UT WOS:000231738500014 ER PT J AU Liu, JX Price, DT Chen, JA AF Liu, JX Price, DT Chen, JA TI Nitrogen controls on ecosystem carbon sequestration: a model implementation and application to Saskatchewan, Canada SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE nitrogen cycle; ecosystem; climate change; model; IBIS ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE MODEL; ELEVATED CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GENERAL-MODEL; FOREST; BALANCE; DYNAMICS AB A plant-soil nitrogen (N) cycling model was developed and incorporated into the Integrated Blosphere Simulator (IBIS) of Foley et al. [Foley, J.A., Prentice, I.C., Ramankutty, N., Levis, S., Pollard, D., Sitch, S., Haxeltine, A., 1996. An integrated biosphere model of land surface process, terrestrial carbon balance and vegetation dynamics. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 10, 603-628]. In the N-model, soil mineral N regulates ecosystem carbon (C) fluxes and ecosystem C:N ratios. Net primary productivity (NPP) is controlled by feedbacks from both leaf C:N and soil mineral N. Leaf C:N determines the foliar and canopy photosynthesis rates, while soil mineral N determines the N availability for plant growth and the efficiency of biomass construction. Nitrogen controls on the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) are implemented through N immobilization and mineralization separately. The model allows greater SOM mineralization at lower mineral N, and conversely, allows greater N immobilization at higher mineral N. The model's seasonal and inter-annual behaviours are demonstrated. A regional simulation for Saskatchewan, Canada, was performed for the period 1851-2000 at a 10 km x 10 km resolution. Simulated NPP was compared with high-resolution (I km x I km) NPP estimated from remote sensing data using the boreal ecosystem productivity simulator (BEPS) [Liu, J., Chen, J.M., Ciblar, J., Park, W.M., 1997. A process-based boreal ecosystem productivity simulator using remote sensing inputs. Remote Sens. Environ. 44, 81-87]. The agreement between IBIS and BEPS, particularly in NPP spatial variation, was considerably improved when the N controls were introduced into IBIS. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. Univ Toronto, Program Planning, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. RP Liu, JX (reprint author), NRC Res Associate, EROS Data Ctr, USGS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jxliu@usgs.gov NR 70 TC 44 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 10 PY 2005 VL 186 IS 2 BP 178 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.036 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 947IJ UT WOS:000230636400003 ER PT J AU Loehle, C Wigley, TB Rutzmoser, S Gerwin, JA Keyser, PD Lancia, RA Reynolds, CJ Thill, RE Weih, R White, D Wood, PB AF Loehle, C Wigley, TB Rutzmoser, S Gerwin, JA Keyser, PD Lancia, RA Reynolds, CJ Thill, RE Weih, R White, D Wood, PB TI Managed forest landscape structure and avian species richness in the southeastern US SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE avian diversity; landscape heterogeneity; forest management; species accumulation curves ID BREEDING BIRD POPULATIONS; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; RELATIVE INFLUENCE; INDUSTRIAL FOREST; BOREAL FOREST; HABITAT; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; LEVEL AB Forest structural features at the stand scale (e.g., snags, stern density, species composition) and habitat attributes at larger spatial scales (e.g., landscape pattern, road density) can influence biological diversity and have been proposed as indicators in sustainable forestry programs. This study investigated relationships between such factors and total richness of breeding birds based on data from four studies within highly forested landscapes in the southeastern United States (Arkansas, South Carolina, and West Virginia) that were managed for commercial forest products. Habitat attributes were developed from forest inventory data and other information at the stand level and in circular buffers with radii of 250, 500 m, and I km around each sample point. Species accumulation curves for all study sites indicated greater richness in the youngest stands, with greater landscape age heterogeneity, and with proximity of sample points to roads. However, bird richness was not related to distance to nearest water or stream density at any scale. Pine forests had the most species at two of three sites where pine forests occurred. Stand biomass and basal area were generally not predictive of avian richness. Watersheds within the Arkansas site under more intensive management showed greater bird diversity. Overall, forest management appeared to have a positive effect on total bird richness. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina State Museum Nat Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. MeadWestvaco Corp, Rupert, WV 25984 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Hot Springs, AR 71901 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Loehle, C (reprint author), Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, 552 S Washington St,Suite 224, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. EM cloehle@ncasi.org NR 74 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 3 PY 2005 VL 214 IS 1-3 BP 279 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.04.018 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 947ZJ UT WOS:000230685500022 ER PT J AU Klett, TP Gautier, DL Ahlbrandt, TS AF Klett, TP Gautier, DL Ahlbrandt, TS TI An evaluation of the US Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000 SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID OIL AB This study compares the additions to conventional crude oil and natural gas reserves as reported from January 1996 to December 2003 with the estimated undiscovered and reserve-growth volumes assessed in the U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000, which used data current through 1995. Approximately 28% of the estimated additions to oil reserves by reserve growth and approximately 11% of the estimated undiscovered oil volumes were realized in the 8 yr since the assessment (27% of the time frame for the assessment). Slightly more than half of the estimated additions to gas reserves by reserve growth and approximately 10% of the estimated undiscovered gas volumes were realized. Between 1995 and 2003, growth of oil reserves in previously discovered fields exceeded new-field discoveries as a source of global additions to reserves of conventional oil by a ratio of 3: 1. The greatest amount of reserve growth for crude oil occurred in the Middle East and North Africa, whereas the greatest contribution from new-field discoveries occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. The greatest amount of reserve growth for natural gas occurred in the Middle East and North Africa, whereas the greatest contribution from new-field discoveries occurred in the Asia Pacific region. On an energy-equivalent basis, volumes of new gas-field discoveries exceeded new oil-field discoveries. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Klett, TP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046 Denver Fed Ctr,Mail Stop 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tklett@usgs.gov; gautier@usgs.gov; ahlbrandt@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 18 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 89 IS 8 BP 1033 EP 1042 DI 10.1306/04060504105 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 949QI UT WOS:000230802800004 ER PT J AU Verma, MK Bird, KJ AF Verma, MK Bird, KJ TI Role of reservoir engineering in the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE; DENSITY AB The geology and reservoir-engineering data were integrated in the 2002 U.S. Geological Survey assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA). Whereas geology defined the analog pools and fields and provided the basic information on sizes and numbers of hypothesized petroleum accumulations, reservoir engineering helped develop necessary equations and correlations, which allowed the determination of reservoir parameters for better quantification of in-place petroleum volumes and recoverable reserves. Seismic- and sequence-stratigraphic study of the NPRA resulted in identification of 24 plays. Depth ranges in these 24 plays, however, were typically greater than depth ranges of analog plays for which there were available data, necessitating the need for establishing correlations. The basic parameters required were pressure, temperature, oil and gas formation volume factors, liquid/gas ratios for the associated and nonassociated gas, and recovery factors. Finally, the results of U.S. Geological Survey deposit simulation were used in carrying out an economic evaluation, which has been separately published. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Verma, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mverma@usgs.gov; kbird@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 89 IS 8 BP 1091 EP 1111 DI 10.1306/04040504055 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 949QI UT WOS:000230802800008 ER PT J AU Wisely, SM Santymire, RM Livieri, TM Marinari, PE Kreeger, JS Wildt, DE Howard, J AF Wisely, SM Santymire, RM Livieri, TM Marinari, PE Kreeger, JS Wildt, DE Howard, J TI Environment influences morphology and development for in situ and ex situ populations of the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID VISON; SIZE; RECOVERY; GROWTH AB For selected species, conservation breeding has become integrated into recovery plans, most often through the production of offspring for reintroduction into nature. As these programs increase in size and scope, it is imperative that conservation managers retain the biological integrity of the species. This study investigated the causes of morphological changes that are known to occur in black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) maintained ex situ. In a previous study, ferrets maintained in captivity were 5-10% smaller in body size than pre-captive, in situ animals. In the present study, the authors compared nine morphological characters among ex situ animals and their in situ descendants. Within the ex situ population, cage types were compared to determine whether housing influenced morphometry. Black-footed ferrets born to reintroduced individuals quickly returned to their pre-captive size suggesting that a diminutive morphology ex situ did not have a genetic basis. Furthermore, cage type affected overall body size and shape; ulnas and tibias were as much as 9% shorter for ex situ animals. The authors hypothesise that small cage size and environmental homogeneity inhibit the mechanical stimuli necessary for long bone development. These findings have ramifications for ex situ managers who need to create artificial captive settings that promote natural physical development. In the absence of such an environment, 'unnatural' morphologies can result that may contribute to poor fitness or perhaps even domestication. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Prairie Wildlife Res, Wall, SD 57790 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Black Footed Ferret Conservat Ctr, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Wisely, SM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, 232 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM wisely@ksu.edu NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 8 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1017/S1367943005002283 PN 3 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 970FG UT WOS:000232290000010 ER PT J AU Izbicki, JA Christensen, AH Newhouse, MW Aiken, GR AF Izbicki, JA Christensen, AH Newhouse, MW Aiken, GR TI Inorganic, isotopic, and organic composition of high-chloride water from wells in a coastal southern California aquifer SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLOWMETER AB Chloride concentrations were as high as 230 mg/L in water from the surface discharge of long-screened production wells in Pleasant Valley, Calif., about 100 km NW of Los Angeles. Wells with the higher Cl- concentrations were near faults that bound the valley. Depending on well construction, high-Cl-water from different sources may enter a well at different depths. For example, Cl- concentration in the upper part of some wells completed in overlying aquifers influenced by irrigation return were as high as 220 mg/L, and Cl- concentrations in water sampled within wells at depths greater than 450 m were as high as 500 mg/L. These high-Cl- waters mix within the well during pumping and produce the water sampled at the surface discharge. Changes in the major ion, minor ion, trace element, and delta(34)S and delta(13)C iso- topic composition of water in wells with depth were consistent with changes resulting from SO4 reduction, precipitation of calcite, and cation exchange. The chemical and isotopic composition of high-Cl- water from deep wells trends towards the composition of oil-field production water from the study area. Chloride concentrations in oil-field production water present at depths 150 m beneath freshwater aquifers were 2200 mg/L, and Cl- concentrations in underlying marine rock were as high as 4400 mg/L. High-Cl- concentrations in water from deeper parts of wells were associated with dissolved organic C composed primarily of hydrophobic neutral compounds believed to be similar to those associated with petroleum in underlying deposits. These compounds would not be apparent using traditional sampling techniques and would not be detected using analytical methods intended to measure contamination. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Izbicki, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 3735 Kearny Villa Rd,Suite 0, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM jaizbick@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1496 EP 1517 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.04.010 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 957JV UT WOS:000231367000005 ER PT J AU Lee, L Helsel, D AF Lee, L Helsel, D TI Baseline models of trace elements in major aquifers of the United States SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Trace-element concentrations in baseline samples from a survey of aquifers used as potable-water supplies in the United States are summarized using methods appropriate for data with multiple detection limits. The resulting statistical distribution models are used to develop summary statistics and estimate probabilities of exceeding water-quality standards. The models are based on data from the major aquifer studies of the USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. These data were produced with a nationally-consistent sampling and analytical framework specifically designed to determine the quality of the most important potable groundwater resources during the years 1991-2001. The analytical data for all elements surveyed contain values that were below several detection limits. Such datasets are referred to as multiply-censored data. To address this issue, a robust semi-parametric statistical method called regression on order statistics (ROS) is employed. Utilizing the 90th-95th percentile as an arbitrary range for the upper limits of expected baseline concentrations, the models show that baseline concentrations of dissolved Ba and Zn are below 500 mu g/L. For the same percentile range, dissolved As, Cu and Mo concentrations are below 10 mu g/L, and dissolved Ag, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb and Se are below 1-5 mu g/L. These models are also used to determine the probabilities that potable ground waters exceed drinking water standards. For dissolved Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Mo and Se, the likelihood of exceeding the US Environmental Protection Agency standards at the well-head is less than 1-1.5 %. A notable exception is As, which has approximately a 7 % chance of exceeding the maximum contaminant level (10 mu g/L) at the well head. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, CICT, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Lee, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CICT, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rclee@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1560 EP 1570 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.03.008 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 957JV UT WOS:000231367000009 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA Eisenreich, KM Golden, NH McKernan, MA Hothem, RL Custer, TW AF Rattner, BA Eisenreich, KM Golden, NH McKernan, MA Hothem, RL Custer, TW TI Retrospective ecotoxicological data and current information needs for terrestrial vertebrates residing in coastal habitat of the United States SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINANTS; ESTUARIES AB The Contaminant Exposure and Effects-Terrestrial Vertebrates (CEE-TV) database was developed to conduct simple searches for ecotoxicological information, examine exposure trends, and identify significant data gaps. The CEE-TV database contains 16,696 data records on free-ranging amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals residing in estuarine and coastal habitats of the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts, Alaska, Hawaii, and the Great Lakes. Information in the database was derived from over 1800 source documents, representing 483 unique species (about 252,000 individuals), with sample collection dates spanning from 1884 to 2003. The majority of the records contain exposure data (generally contaminant concentrations) on a limited number (n=209) of chlorinated and brominated compounds, cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides, economic poisons, metals, and petroleum hydrocarbons, whereas only 9.3% of the records contain biomarker or bioindicator effects data. Temporal examination of exposure data provides evidence of declining concentrations of certain organochlorine pesticides in some avian species (e.g., ospreys, Pandion haliaetus), and an apparent increase in the detection and possibly the incidence of avian die-offs related to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides. To identify spatial data gaps, 11,360 database records with specific sampling locations were combined with the boundaries of coastal watersheds, and National Wildlife Refuge and National Park units. Terrestrial vertebrate ecotoxicological data were lacking in 41.9% of 464 coastal watersheds in the continental United States. Recent (1990-2003) terrestrial vertebrate contaminant exposure or effects data were available for only about half of the National Wildlife Refuge and National Park units in the geographic area encompassed by the database. When these data gaps were overlaid on watersheds exhibiting serious water quality problems and/or high vulnerability to pollution, 72 coastal watersheds, and 76 National Wildlife Refuge and 59 National Park units in the continental United States were found to lack recent terrestrial vertebrate ecotoxicology data. Delineation of data gaps in watersheds of concern can help prioritize monitoring in areas with impaired water quality and emphasize the need for comprehensive monitoring to gain a more complete understanding of coastal ecosystem health. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Barnett_Rattner@USGS.gov OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-0193-y PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 965GK UT WOS:000231938400016 PM 16075359 ER PT J AU Densmore, RV AF Densmore, RV TI Succession on subalpine placer mine spoil: Effects of revegetation with Alnus viridis, Alaska, USA SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GLACIER BAY; INFECTIVE FRANKIA; HYBRID POPULUS; RED ALDER; NITROGEN; FLOODPLAIN; GROWTH; PLANTATION; GLUTINOSA; ABUNDANCE AB Alnus viridis seedlings were planted on placer mine spoil in an Alaskan subalpine watershed to bypass a seedling establishment bottleneck for A. viridis, and to evaluate the interaction between A. viridis and the dominant riparian woody plants, Salix alaxensis and Populus balsamifera. The study area was divided into I I replicate blocks, each on a homogeneous recontoured spoil pile. Blocks were divided into two 0.01 ha plots, and treatments without (control) and with 84 planted A. viridis seedlings were randomly assigned to plots. After 10 years, the Alnus treatment had a dense stand of A. viridis 1-2 m tall, while the control had fewer, smaller seedlings. Compared to the control, planted A. viridis had a neutral effect on S. alaxensis and inhibited P. balsamifera at the seedling establishment stage, but facilitated the growth of established plants of both species, with many plants overtopping the A. viridis canopy. Compared to the control, S. alaxensis plants in the Alnus treatment had higher levels of foliar N and delta(15)N values closer to those of A. viridis, indicating the importance of N fixation by A. viridis. Planting A. viridis accelerated the rate of succession by stimulating growth of woody dominants. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Densmore, RV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM roseann_densmore@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0297:SOSPMS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 964NC UT WOS:000231886800004 ER PT J AU Alonso, R Bytnerowicz, A Boarman, WI AF Alonso, R Bytnerowicz, A Boarman, WI TI Atmospheric dry deposition in the vicinity of the Salton Sea, California - I: Air pollution and deposition in a desert environment SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ozone; nitrogenous pollutants; major ions; surrogate surfaces; arid ecosystems ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION; CANOPY; POLLUTANTS; CHEMISTRY; FOREST AB Air pollutant concentrations and atmospheric dry deposition were monitored seasonally at the Salton Sea, southern California. Measurements of ozone (O-3), nitric acid vapor (HNO3), ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were performed using passive samplers. Deposition rates of NO3-, NH4+ , Cl- SO42-, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ to creosote bush branches and nylon filters as surrogate surfaces were determined for oneweek long exposure periods. Maximum O-3 values were recorded in spring with 24-h average values of 108.8 mu g m(-3). Concentrations of NO and NO2 were low and within ranges of the non-urban areas in California (0.4-5.6 and 3.3-16.2 mu g m(-3) ranges, respectively). Concentrations of HNO3 (2.0-6.7 mu g m(-3)) and NH3 (6.4-15.7 mu g m(-3)) were elevated and above the levels typical for remote locations in California. Deposition rates of Cl-, SO42-, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ were related to the influence of sea spray or to suspended soil particles, and no strong enrichments caused by ions originated by human activities were detected. Dry deposition rates of NO3- and NH4+ were similar to values registered in areas where symptoms of nitrogen saturation and changes in species composition have been described. Deposition of nitrogenous compounds might be contributing to eutrophication processes at the Salton Sea. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Alonso, R (reprint author), CIEMAT, Ed 70,Avda Complutense 22, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM rocio.alonso@ciemat.es RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Alonso, Rocio/G-1383-2016 OI Alonso, Rocio/0000-0003-3732-9347 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 39 IS 26 BP 4671 EP 4679 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.016 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964AR UT WOS:000231848900007 ER PT J AU Alonso, R Bytnerowicz, A Yee, JL Boarman, WI AF Alonso, R Bytnerowicz, A Yee, JL Boarman, WI TI Atmospheric dry deposition in the vicinity of the Salton Sea, California - II: Measurement and effects of an enhanced evaporation system SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE surrogate surfaces; leaf surfaces; arid ecosystems; major ions ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION; SURROGATE SURFACES; CANOPY; FOREST; FOLIAGE; THROUGHFALL; SELENIUM; SULFATE; IONS AB A study was conducted to determine the effects of salt spray drift from pilot technologies employed by the US Bureau of Reclamation on deposition rates of various air-born ions. An enhanced evaporation system (EES) was tested in the field at the Salton Sea, California. Dry deposition of NO3-, NH4+, SO42-, Cl-, Ca2+ , Na+, K+ and Se was assessed by using nylon filters and branches of natural vegetation exposed for one-week long periods. The simultaneous exposure of both lyophilized branches and branches of live plants offered important information highlighting the dynamics of deposited ions on vegetation. The EES significantly increased the deposition rates of Cl-, SO42- and Na+ in an area of about 639-1062 m surrounding the sprayers. Similarly, higher deposition of Ca2+ and K+ caused by the EES was detected only when deposition was assessed using nylon filters or lyophilized branches. Deposition fluxes of NO3-, NH4+ and Se were not affected by the spraying system. Techniques for measuring dry deposition and calculating landscape-level depositional loads in non-forested systems need further development. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Alonso, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, 208 Univ Lab Bldg, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM rocio.alonso@ciemat.es RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Alonso, Rocio/G-1383-2016 OI Alonso, Rocio/0000-0003-3732-9347 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 39 IS 26 BP 4681 EP 4689 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.017 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964AR UT WOS:000231848900008 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CS Macdonald, FA AF Shoemaker, CS Macdonald, FA TI The Shoemaker legacy to the Australian impact record SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 Harvard Univ, Div Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Macdonald, FA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM fmacdon@fas.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0812-0099 J9 AUST J EARTH SCI JI Aust. J. Earth Sci. PD AUG-OCT PY 2005 VL 52 IS 4-5 BP 477 EP 479 DI 10.1080/08120090500170492 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 977KJ UT WOS:000232802400002 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, EM Macdonald, FA Shoemaker, CS AF Shoemaker, EM Macdonald, FA Shoemaker, CS TI Geology of five small Australian impact craters SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Boxhole Meteorite Crater; Dalgaranga; Henbury Meteorite Craters; Liverpool; meteorite impact craters; oblique impact; Veevers Meteorite Crater; Wolfe Creek Meteorite Crater ID METEORITE CRATERS AB Here we present detailed geological maps and cross-sections of Liverpool, Wolfe Creek, Boxhole, Veevers and Dalgaranga craters. Liverpool crater and Wolfe Creek Meteorite Crater are classic bowl-shaped, Barringer-type craters. Liverpool was likely formed during the Neoproterozoic and was filled and covered with sediments soon thereafter. In the Cenozoic, this cover was exhumed exposing the crater's brecclated wall rocks, Wolfe Creek Meteorite Crater displays many striking features, including well-bedded ejecta units, crater-floor faults and sinkholes, a ringed aeromagnetic anomaly, rim-skirting dunes, and numerous iron-rich shale balls. Boxhole Meteorite Crater, Veevers Meteorite Crater and Dalgaranga crater are smaller, Odessa-type craters without fully developed, steep, overturned rims. Boxhole and Dalgaranga craters are developed in highly foliated Precambrian basement rocks with a veneer of Holocene colluvium. The pre-existing structure at these two sites complicates structural analyses of the craters, and may have influenced target deformation during impact. Veevers Meteorite Crater is formed in Cenozoic laterites, and is one of the best-preserved impact craters on Earth. The craters discussed herein were formed in different target materials, ranging from crystalline rocks to loosely consolidated sediments, containing evidence that the impactors struck at an array of angles and velocities. This facilitates a comparative study of the influence of these factors on the structural and topographic form of small impact craters. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. US Geol Survey, Shoemaker Astrogeol Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Macdonald, FA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM fmacdon@fas.harvard.edu NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0812-0099 J9 AUST J EARTH SCI JI Aust. J. Earth Sci. PD AUG-OCT PY 2005 VL 52 IS 4-5 BP 529 EP 544 DI 10.1080/08120090500180921 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 977KJ UT WOS:000232802400005 ER PT J AU Windham-Myers, L AF Windham-Myers, L TI Dissolved inorganic nitrogen pools and surface flux under different brackish marsh vegetation types, common reed (Phragmites australis) and salt hay (Spartina patens) SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ammonium; diffusion; estuary; invasion; macrophyte; National Estuarine Research Reserve; porewater ID TIDAL MARSH; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NEW-JERSEY; WATER; CHEMISTRY; EXPANSION; SEDIMENT; ESTUARY; NUTRIENTS; PATTERNS AB The current expansion of Phragmites australis into the high marsh shortgrass (Spartina patens, Distichlis spicata) communities of eastern U.S. salt marshes provided an opportunity to identify the influence of vegetation types on pools and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). Two brackish tidal marshes of the National Estuarine Research Reserve system were examined, Piermont Marsh of the Hudson River NERR in New York and Hog Island in the Jacques Coustaeu NERR of New Jersey. Pools of DIN in porewater and rates of DIN surface flux were compared in replicated pairs of recently-expanded P. australis and neighboring S. patens-dominated patches on the high marsh surface. Both marshes generally imported nitrate (NO3-) and exported ammonium (NH4+), such that overall DIN was exported. No differences in surface exchange of NO3- or NH4+ were observed between vegetation types. Depth-averaged porewater NH4+ concentrations over the entire growing season were 56% lower under P. australis than under S. patens (average 1.4 vs. 3.2 mg NH4+ L-1) with the most profound differences in November. Porewater profiles showed an accumulation of NH4+ at depth in S. patens and constant low concentrations in P. australis from the soil surface to 50 cm depth, with no significant differences in porewater salinity. Despite these profound differences in porewater, NH4+ diffusion from soils of P. australis and S. patens were not measurably different, were similar to other published rates, and were well below estimated rates based on passive diffusion alone. Rapid adsorption and uptake by litter and microbes in surface soils of both communities may buffer NH4+ loss to flooding tides in both communities, thereby reducing the impact of P. australis invasion on NH4+ flux to flooding waters. C1 US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Windham-Myers, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Mailstop 480,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lwindham@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD AUG PY 2005 VL 75 IS 2 BP 289 EP 304 DI 10.1007/s10533-004-7587-9 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 981PX UT WOS:000233101600006 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JB Wen, KL AF Fletcher, JB Wen, KL TI Strong ground motion in the Taipei basin from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CODA WAVES; CALIFORNIA; ATTENUATION; NETWORK AB The Taipei basin, located in northwest Taiwan about 160 km from the epicenter of the Chi-Chi earthquake, is a shallow, triangular-shaped basin filled with low-velocity fluvial deposits. There is a strong velocity contrast across the basement interface of about 600 m/sec at a depth of about 600-700 in in the deeper section of the basin, suggesting that ground motion should be amplified at sites in the basin. In this article, the ground-motion recordings are analyzed to determine the effect of the basin both in terms of amplifications expected from a ID model of the sediments in the basin and in terms of the 3D structure of the basin. Residuals determined for peak acceleration from attenuation curves are more positive (amplified) in the basin (average of 5.3 cm/sec(2) compared to -24.2 cm/sec(2) for those stations outside the basin and between 75 and 110 kin from the surface projection of the faulted area, a 40% increase in peak ground acceleration). Residuals for peak velocity are also significantly more positive at stations in the basin (31.8 cm/sec compared to 20.0 cm/sec out). The correlation of peak motion with depth to basement, while minor in peak acceleration, is stronger in the peak velocities. Record sections of ground motion from stations in and around the Taipei basin show that the largest long-period arrival, which is coherent across the region, is strongest on the vertical component and has a period of about 10-12 sec. This phase appears to be a Rayleigh wave, probably associated with rupture at the north end of the Chelungpu fault. Records of strong motion from stations in and near the basin have an additional, higher frequency signal: nearest the deepest point in the basin, the signal is characterized by frequencies of about 0.3 - 0.4 Hz. These frequencies are close to simple predictions using horizontal layers and the velocity structure of the basin. Polarizations of the S wave are mostly coherent across the array, although there are significant differences along the northwest edge that may indicate large strains across that edge of the basin. The length of each record after the main S wave are all longer at basin stations compared to those outside. This increase in duration of ground shaking is probably caused by amplification of ground motion at basin stations, although coda Q (0.67 - 1.30 Hz) is slightly larger inside the basin compared to those at local stations outside the basin. Durations correlate with depth to basement. These motions are in the range that can induce damage in buildings and may have contributed to the structural collapse of multistory buildings in the Taipei basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Inst Geophys, Chungli, Taiwan. RP Fletcher, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 95 IS 4 BP 1428 EP 1446 DI 10.1785/0120040022 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 960KB UT WOS:000231588300016 ER PT J AU Romero, N Gresswell, RE Li, JL AF Romero, N Gresswell, RE Li, JL TI Changing patterns in coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) diet and prey in a gradient of deciduous canopies SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID APPALACHIAN HEADWATER STREAM; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; LEAF LITTER; FOOD WEBS; DRIFT; TEMPERATURE; SELECTION; NITROGEN AB We examined the influence of riparian vegetation patterns on coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki clarki diet and prey from the summer of 2001 through the spring of 2002. Benthic and drifting invertebrates, allochthonous prey, and fish diet were collected from deciduous, conifer, and mixed sections of three Oregon coastal watersheds. The nine sites were best characterized as a continuum of deciduous cover, and shrub cover and proportion of deciduous canopy were positively correlated (r = 0.74). Most sources of prey (benthic invertebrate biomass, allochthonous invertebrate inputs, aquatic and total invertebrate drift) and aquatic prey ingested by coastal cutthroat trout were greater where shrub cover was more abundant. Only aquatic drift, total invertebrate drift, and allochthonous invertebrates were positively correlated with deciduous vegetation. Compared with coniferous sites, allochthonous invertebrates under deciduous and mixed canopies were almost 30% more abundant. Stream discharge likely influenced seasonal fluxes of aquatic invertebrate biomass in the benthos and drift. Aquatic insects dominated gut contents during this study; however, terrestrial prey were most common in the diet during the summer and fall. In the Pacific northwest, systematic removal of deciduous riparian vegetation to promote conifers may have unintended consequences on food resources of coastal cutthroat trout and aquatic food web interactions. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Gresswell, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 229 AJM Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bgresswell@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 62 IS 8 BP 1797 EP 1807 DI 10.1139/F05-099 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 964NU UT WOS:000231888600010 ER PT J AU Klein, E Berg, EE Dial, R AF Klein, E Berg, EE Dial, R TI Wetland drying and succession across the Kenai Peninsula Lowlands, south-central Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARKOV-MODELS; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS AB This study documents the scale and intensity of drying over the last half century in the Kenai Lowlands of south-central Alaska. Using historical aerial photos and field sampling of wetlands, including muskegs, kettle ponds, and closed and open basin lakes, we present data on drying and successional changes in woody vegetation between 1950 and 1996. The results of this study suggest that the Kenai Peninsula is becoming both woodier in its vegetation and drier. A regional analysis of 1113 random points indicated increased forest cover and decreased open and wet areas in both burned and unburned areas between 1950 and 1996. A census of water bodies in three subregions indicates that almost two-thirds of water bodies visited show some level of decrease in spatial area. Over 80% of field sites visited have experienced some level of drying, where vegetation transects indicate substantial invasion into former lake beds by facultative upland plants. These results are consistent with a regional change in climate that is both warming and drying as documented in Kenai and Anchorage weather records. C1 Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. RP Klein, E (reprint author), 1612 Bellevue Circle, Anchorage, AK 99515 USA. EM eklein@alaskapacific.edu NR 33 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 25 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1931 EP 1941 DI 10.1139/x05-129 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 978EM UT WOS:000232856400014 ER PT J AU Jamieson, HE Robinson, C Alpers, CN Nordstrom, DK Poustovetov, A Lowers, HA AF Jamieson, HE Robinson, C Alpers, CN Nordstrom, DK Poustovetov, A Lowers, HA TI The composition of coexisting jarosite-group minerals and water from the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, California SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Metals in the Environment Symposium/Environmental Studies of Mine Wastes Meeting held at the GAC/MAC/SEG Annual Meeting CY MAY 25-28, 2003 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP GAC, MAC, SEG DE jarosite; acid mine-drainage; aqueous speciation; solid solution; Richmond mine; California ID SYNTHETIC JAROSITE; HYDRONIUM JAROSITE; SOLID-SOLUTION; NEGATIVE PH; ALUNITE; SULFATE; THERMOCHEMISTRY; DRAINAGE AB Jarosite-group minerals accumulate in the form of stalactites and fine-grained mud on massive pyrite in the D drift of the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, California. Water samples were collected by placing beakers under the dripping stalactites and by extracting pore water from the mud using a centrifuge. The water is rich in Fell and SO42-, with a pH of approximately 2.1, which is significantly higher than the extremely acidic waters found elsewhere in the mine. Electron-microprobe analysis and X-ray mapping indicate that the small crystals (< 10 mu m in diameter) are compositionally zoned with respect to Na and K, and include hydronium jarosite corresponding to the formula (H3O)(0.6)K0.3Na0.1Fe33+(SO4)(2)(OH)(6). The proton-microprobe analyses indicate that the jarosite-group minerals contain significant amounts of As, Pb and Zn, and minor levels of Bi, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn and Sr. Speciation modeling indicates that the drip waters are supersaturated with respect to jarosite-group minerals. The expected range in composition of jarosite-group solid-solution in equilibrium with the pore water extracted from the mud was found to be consistent with the observed range in composition. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jamieson, HE (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM jamieson@geol.queensu.ca OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 54 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 43 BP 1225 EP 1242 DI 10.2113/gscanmin.43.4.1225 PN 4 PG 18 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 991EF UT WOS:000233794400009 ER PT J AU Hodgkins, GA Dudley, RW Huntington, TG AF Hodgkins, GA Dudley, RW Huntington, TG TI Changes in the number and timing of days of ice-affected flow on northern New England rivers, 1930-2000 SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRENDS; RUNOFF; VARIABILITY; STREAMFLOW; TIME; LAKE; USA AB Historical dates of ice-affected flows for 16 rural, unregulated rivers in northern New England, USA were analyzed. The total annual days of ice-affected flow decreased significantly (p < 0.1) over the 20th century at 12 of the 16 rivers. On average, for the nine longest-record rivers, the total annual days of ice-affected flow decreased by 20 days from 1936 to 2000, with most of the decrease occurring from the 1960s to 2000. Four of the 16 rivers had significantly later first dates of ice-affected flow in the fall. Twelve of the 16 rivers had significantly earlier last dates of ice-affected flow in the spring. On average, the last dates became earlier by 11 days from 1936 to 2000 with most of the change occurring from the 1960s to 2000. The total annual days of ice-affected flow were significantly correlated with November through April air temperatures (r = -0.70) and with November through April precipitation (r = -0.52). The last spring dates were significantly correlated with March through April air temperatures (r = -0.73) and with January through April precipitation (r = -0.37). March mean river flows increased significantly at 13 of the 16 rivers in this study. C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Hodgkins, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM gahodgki@usgs.gov; rwdudley@usgs.gov; thunting@usgs.gov OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 50 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 BP 319 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s10584-005-5926-z PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964LC UT WOS:000231881600004 ER PT J AU Xian, G Crane, M Steinwand, D AF Xian, G Crane, M Steinwand, D TI Dynamic modeling of Tampa Bay urban development using parallel computing SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE urban model; urban growth; parallel processing; landuse; land cover; Monte Carlo ID CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL; SAN-FRANCISCO; GROWTH; AREA; FORM AB Urban land use and land cover has changed significantly in the environs of Tampa Bay, Florida, over the past 50 years. Extensive urbanization has created substantial change to the region's landscape and ecosystems. This paper uses a dynamic urban-growth model, SLEUTH, which applies six geospatial data themes (slope, land use, exclusion, urban extent, transportation, hillside), to study the process of urbanization and associated land use and land cover change in the Tampa Bay area. To reduce processing time and complete the modeling process within an acceptable period, the model is recoded and ported to a Beowulf cluster. The parallel-processing computer system accomplishes the massive amount of computation the modeling simulation requires. SLEUTH calibration process for the Tampa Bay urban growth simulation spends only 10 h CPU time. The model predicts future land use/cover change trends for Tampa Bay from 1992 to 2025. Urban extent is predicted to double in the Tampa Bay watershed between 1992 and 2025. Results show an upward trend of urbanization at the expense of a decline of 58% and 80% in agriculture and forested lands, respectively. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr earth resources Observat & Sci, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), Natl Ctr earth resources Observat & Sci, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xian@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 31 IS 7 BP 920 EP 928 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2005.03.006 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 954PD UT WOS:000231166100012 ER PT J AU Steenhof, K Fuller, MR Kochert, MN Bates, KK AF Steenhof, K Fuller, MR Kochert, MN Bates, KK TI Long-range movements and breeding dispersal of Prairie Falcons from southwest Idaho SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE dispersal; Falco mexicanus; Idaho; migration; movements; Prairie Falcon; travel rates ID PEREGRINE FALCONS; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; MIGRATION; RAPTORS; ACCURACY; ROUTES AB From 1999-2003, we tracked movements of adult female Prairie Falcons (Falco mexicanus) using satellite telemetry to characterize long-range movement patterns and breeding dispersal. We radio marked 40 falcons from April-May on their nesting grounds in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area in southwest Idaho. All falcons with functioning transmitters left the Snake River Canyon from late June through mid-July. Most headed northeast across the Continental Divide to summering areas in Montana, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and the Dakotas. Prairie Falcons stayed at their northern summer areas for 1-4 months before heading to the southern Great Plains or to southwest Idaho. The Great Plains was a key migration pathway. Important wintering areas included the Texas Panhandle and southwest Idaho. Most falcons completed their seasonal migrations within 2 weeks. Use of widely separated nesting, summering, and wintering areas appears to be a strategy to exploit seasonally abundant prey resources. Most falcons had three or fewer use areas during the nonbreeding season, and falcons showed a high degree of fidelity to their use areas during each season. At least 21 falcons returned to nest within 2.5 km of where they nested in the previous year, but one falcon moved to a new nesting area 124 km south of her previous breeding area. Prairie Falcon movements suggest large-scale connectivity of grassland and shrubsteppe landscapes throughout western North America. Conservation of Prairie Falcons must be an international effort that considers habitats used during both nesting and non-nesting seasons. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Steenhof, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM Karen_Steenhof@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 26 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2005 VL 107 IS 3 BP 481 EP 496 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2005)107[0481:LMABDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 954ZP UT WOS:000231194500001 ER PT J AU Atkinson, CT Lease, JK Dusek, RJ Samuel, MD AF Atkinson, CT Lease, JK Dusek, RJ Samuel, MD TI Prevalence of pox-like lesions and malaria in forest bird communities on leeward Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE avian pox virus; Hawaii; honeycreeper; malaria; Plasmodium relictum; serology ID AVIAN MALARIA; PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM; SEROLOGICAL RESPONSES; PATHOGENICITY; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; AMAKIHI; APAPANE; IIWI AB Introduced avian pox virus and malaria have had devastating impacts on native Hawaiian forest birds, yet little has been published about their prevalence and distribution in forest bird communities outside of windward Hawaii Island. We surveyed native and non-native forest birds for these two diseases at three different elevations on leeward Mauna Loa Volcano at the Kona Forest Unit of Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge. Prevalence of malaria by both serology and microscopy varied by elevation and ranged from 28% at 710 m to 13% at 1830 m. Prevalence of pox-like lesions also varied by altitude, ranging in native species from 10% at 710 in to 2% at 1830 m. Native species at all elevations had the highest prevalence of malaria] antibody and pox-like lesions. By contrast, pox-like lesions were not detected in individuals of four non-native species and only 5% of Japanese White-eye (Zosterops japonicus) was positive for malaria. A significantly high proportion of birds with pox-like lesions also had serological evidence of concurrent, chronic malarial infections, suggesting an interaction between these diseases, dual transmission of both diseases by the primary mosquito vector (Culex quinquefasciatus) or complete recovery of some pox-infected birds without loss of toes. Results from this study document high prevalence of malaria and pox at this refuge. Development of effective disease control strategies will be important for restoration of remnant populations of the endangered 'Akiapola' au (Hemignathas munroi), Hawaii Creeper (Oreomystis mana), and Hawaii 'Akepa (Loxops coccineus coccineus) that still occur on the refuge. C1 US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Carter_Atkinson@usgs.gov OI Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 NR 28 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 27 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2005 VL 107 IS 3 BP 537 EP 546 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2005)107[0537:POPLAM]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 954ZP UT WOS:000231194500005 ER PT J AU Ruthrauff, DR McCaffery, BJ AF Ruthrauff, DR McCaffery, BJ TI Survival of western sandpiper broods on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alaska; brood movement; brood survival; Calidris mauri; chick growth; chick mass; Western Sandpiper ID SNOW GOOSE GOSLINGS; SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPERS; TEMPERATURE REGULATION; JUVENILE SURVIVAL; BODY-TEMPERATURE; EGG SIZE; CHICKS; GROWTH; BIRDS; SHOREBIRDS AB The rate of chick growth in high-latitude breeding shorebirds is rapid, but little is known about the effect of chick mass, growth, and brood movements on subsequent brood survival. To address these topics, we monitored chick growth patterns, daily brood movements, and survival of Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. We assessed the effect of chick age, mass, and hatch date on brood survival using Program MARK. We mapped brood locations daily, and compared brood movement patterns between successful and unsuccessful broods. Younger chicks survived at lower rates and moved shorter distances than older chicks. The overall probability of one or more chicks from a brood surviving to 15 days of age was 0.73 +/- 0.05 SE. Brood survival declined seasonally, and broods with heavier chicks survived at higher rates than those with lighter chicks. On average, successful broods fledged 1.7 +/- 0.1 SE chicks. Rate of chick growth was intermediate between those of high arctic and temperate-breeding shorebirds, and chick mass at hatching declined seasonally. Western Sandpiper brood survival was lowest when chicks were young, spatially clumped, and unable to maintain homeothermy, probably because young chicks were more vulnerable to both complete depredation events and extreme weather. Our data suggest that larger, older chicks are able to avoid predators by being spatially dispersed and highly mobile; thermal independence, achieved after approximately day five, enables chicks to better endure prolonged periods of cold and low food availability. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethal, AK 99559 USA. RP Ruthrauff, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM druthrauff@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2005 VL 107 IS 3 BP 597 EP 604 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2005)107[0597:SOWSBO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 954ZP UT WOS:000231194500010 ER PT J AU Peters, KA Otis, DL AF Peters, KA Otis, DL TI Using the risk-disturbance hypothesis to assess the relative effects of human disturbance and predation risk on foraging American oystercatchers SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; boats; disturbance; Haematopus palliatus; risk-disturbance hypothesis; vigilance ID HAEMATOPUS-OSTRALEGUS; CARRYING-CAPACITY; PREY INTERACTIONS; DECISION-MAKING; WILDLIFE REFUGE; HABITAT USE; BEHAVIOR; BIRDS; VIGILANCE; WATERBIRDS AB The risk-disturbance hypothesis asserts that animals perceive human disturbance similar to nonlethal predation stimuli, and exhibit comparable responses in the form of optimization tradeoffs. However, few studies have examined how natural predation risk factors interact with human-disturbance stimuli to elicit such responses. We observed American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) vigilance behavior from September-December 2002 on the Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina. A set of models was constructed based on 340 focal-animal samples and models revealed relationships between vigilance behavior, predator density, and boat activity. Oystercatchers increased vigilance in response to aerial predators, particularly late in the season when predator species composition was dominated by Northern Harriers (Circus cyaneus). At a broader temporal scale, oystercatchers exhibited the highest vigilance rates during simultaneous peaks in boating disturbance and Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) activity. Due to this temporal overlap of stimuli, it is difficult to interpret what may have been driving the observed increased in vigilance. Foraging rates appeared to be primarily driven by habitat and tidal stage indicating that time lost to vigilance did not effectively reduce intake. Taken together, these findings provide some support for the risk-disturbance hypothesis, underscore the sensitivity of disturbance studies to temporal scale, and draw attention to the potential confounding effects of natural predation risk. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, USGS S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USGS Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Peters, KA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, USGS S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM kapeter@clemson.edu NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 20 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2005 VL 107 IS 3 BP 716 EP 725 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2005)107[0716:UTRHTA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 954ZP UT WOS:000231194500023 ER PT J AU Parker, TH Stansberry, BM Becker, CD Gipson, PS AF Parker, TH Stansberry, BM Becker, CD Gipson, PS TI Edge and area effects on the occurrence of migrant forest songbirds SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE landscape; meta-analysis; Neotropical migrant ID BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE CONTEXT; CONSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SEIURUS-AUROCAPILLUS; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANTS; AVIAN COMMUNITIES; PUBLICATION BIAS; HARDWOOD FOREST; MIGRATORY BIRDS AB Concerns about forest fragmentation and its conservation implications have motivated numerous studies that investigate the influence of forest patch area and forest edge on songbird distribution patterns. The generalized effects of forest patch size and forest edge on animal distributions is still debatable because forest patch size and forest edge are often confounded and because of an incomplete synthesis of available data. To fill a portion of this gap, we incorporated all available published data (33 papers) in meta-analyses of forest edge and area effects on site occupancy patterns for 26 Neotropical migrant forest-nesting songbirds in eastern North America. All reported area effects are confounded or potentially confounded by edge effects, and we refer to these as "confounded" studies. The converse, however, is not true and most reported edge effects are independent of patch area. When considering only nonconfounded studies of edge effects, only 1 of 17 species showed significant edge avoidance and 3 had significant affinity for edges. In confounded studies, 12 of 22 species showed significant avoidance of small patches and edges, and 1 had an affinity for small patches and edges. Furthermore, average effect sizes averaged across studies or species tended to be higher for confounded studies than for edge studies. We discuss three possible reasons for differences in results between these two groups of studies. First, studies of edge effects tended to be carried out in landscapes with greater forest cover than studies of confounded effects; among confounded effects studies, as forest cover increased, we observed a nonsignificant trend towards decreasing strength of small patch or edge avoidance effects. Thus, the weaker effects in edge studies may be due to the fact that these studies were conducted in forest-dominated landscapes. Second, we may have detected strong effects only in confounded studies because area effects are much stronger than edge effects on bird occurrence, and area effects drive the results in confounded studies. Third, edge and area effects may interact in such a way that edge effects become more important as forest patch size decreases; thus, both edge and area effects are responsible for results in confounded studies. These three explanations cannot be adequately separated with existing data. Regardless, it is clear that fragmentation of forests into small patches is detrimental to many migrant songbird species. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst Field Ornithol, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. Kansas State Univ, Dept Geog, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Dept Hort Forestry & Recreat Resources, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Parker, TH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM tparker@ksu.edu RI Parker, Timothy/B-6895-2009 OI Parker, Timothy/0000-0003-2995-5284 NR 73 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 41 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1157 EP 1167 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00107.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953XL UT WOS:000231118600022 ER PT J AU Czech, B AF Czech, B TI The capacity of the national wildlife refuge system to conserve threatened and endangered animal species in the United States SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACT AB The US. Fish and Wildlife Service manages the 38-million-ha National Wildlife Refuge System, which is devoted primarily to wildlife conservation. I examined the capacity of the refuge system to conserve federally listed threatened and endangered animal species. Population viability data for a random sample of these species were analyzed and extrapolated. Three levels of population viability were distinguished: outbreeding, demographic, and evolutionary. One hundred eighty-six of the 514 federally listed animal species reside in whole or in part on the refuge system. Of these 186 species, approximately 81, 101, and 107 are supported by the system at evolutionary, demographic, and outbreeding viability levels, respectively. These figures correspond to 16%, 19%, and 21% of the 514 federally listed animal species, respectively. Various federal policies and programs facilitate the expansion of the refuge system, but other federal policies and programs facilitate economic growth, which tends to require the conversion of habitats faster than it provides for habitat conservation. Therefore the long-run effectiveness, extent, and endurance of the refuge system will depend largely on macroeconomic policy context. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Czech, B (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, 4401 N Fairfax Dr,MS570, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM brian_czech@fws.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1246 EP 1253 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00212.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953XL UT WOS:000231118600030 ER PT J AU Shi, H Singh, A Kant, S Zhu, ZL Waller, E AF Shi, H Singh, A Kant, S Zhu, ZL Waller, E TI Integrating habitat status, human population pressure, and protection status into biodiversity conservation priority setting SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity hotspots; GIS; habitat status; human pressure; megadiverse countries; protection status ID HOTSPOTS; EXTINCTION; EARTHS AB Priority setting is an essential component of biodiversity conservation. Existing methods to identify priority areas for conservation have focused almost entirely on biological factors. We suggest a new relative ranking method for identifying priority conservation areas that integrates both biological and social aspects. It is based on the following criteria: the habitat's status, human population pressure, human efforts to protect habitat, and number of endemic plant and vertebrate species. We used this method to rank 25 hotspots, 17 megadiverse countries, and the hotspots within each megadiverse country. We used consistent, comprehensive, georeferenced, and multiband data sets and analytical remote sensing and geographic information system tools to quantify habitat status, human population pressure, and protection status. The ranking suggests that the Philippines, Atlantic Forest, Mediterranean Basin, Caribbean Islands, Caucasus, and Indo-Burma are the hottest hotspots and that China, the Philippines, and India are the hottest megadiverse countries. The great variation in terms of habitat, protected areas, and population pressure among the hotspots, the megadiverse countries, and the hotspots within the same country suggests the need for hotspot- and country-specific conservation policies. C1 Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Div Early Warning & Assessment N Amer, UN Environm Programme, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Shi, H (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, 33 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada. EM h.shi@utoronto.ca NR 46 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1273 EP 1285 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00225.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953XL UT WOS:000231118600033 ER PT J AU Campton, DE Kaeding, LR AF Campton, DE Kaeding, LR TI Westslope cutthroat trout, hybridization, and the US Endangered Species Act SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; TOLERANCE C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Montana Fish & Wildlife Management Assistance Off, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Campton, DE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM don_campton@fws.gov NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1323 EP 1325 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00222.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953XL UT WOS:000231118600041 ER PT J AU Ratajeski, K Sisson, TW Glazner, AF AF Ratajeski, K Sisson, TW Glazner, AF TI Experimental and geochemical evidence for derivation of the El Capitan Granite, California, by partial melting of hydrous gabbroic lower crust SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Review ID SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; HIGH-SILICA RHYOLITE; LIQUID PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; TUOLUMNE INTRUSIVE SUITE; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; TRACE-ELEMENT; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; ION MICROPROBE; LAMARCK GRANODIORITE; PENINSULAR RANGES AB Partial melting of mafic intrusions recently emplaced into the lower crust can produce voluminous silicic magmas with isotopic ratios similar to their mafic sources. Low-temperature (825 and 850 degrees C) partial melts synthesized at 700 MPa in biotite-hornblende gabbros from the central Sierra Nevada batholith (Sisson et al. in Contrib Mineral Petrol 148:635-661, 2005) have major-element and modeled trace-element (REE, Rb, Ba, Sr, Th, U) compositions matching those of the Cretaceous El Capitan Granite, a prominent granite and silicic granodiorite pluton in the central part of the Sierra Nevada batholith (Yosemite, CA, USA) locally mingled with coeval, isotopically similar quartz diorite through gabbro intrusions (Ratajeski et al. in Geol Soc Am Bull 113:1486-1502, 2001). These results are evidence that the El Capitan Granite, and perhaps similar intrusions in the Sierra Nevada batholith with lithospheric-mantle-like isotopic values, were extracted from LILE-enriched, hydrous (hornblende-bearing) gabbroic rocks in the Sierran lower crust. Granitic partial melts derived by this process may also be silicic end members for mixing events leading to large-volume intermediate composition Sierran plutons such as the Cretaceous Lamarck Granodiorite. Voluminous gabbroic residues of partial melting may be lost to the mantle by their conversion to garnet-pyroxene assemblages during batholithic magmatic crustal thickening. C1 Univ W Georgia, Dept Geol Sci, Carrollton, GA 30138 USA. US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Ratajeski, K (reprint author), Univ W Georgia, Dept Geol Sci, Carrollton, GA 30138 USA. EM kratajes@westga.edu NR 119 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 EI 1432-0967 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 149 IS 6 BP 713 EP 734 DI 10.1007/s00410-005-0677-4 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 959LK UT WOS:000231519000007 ER PT J AU Bierman, PR Reuter, JM Pavich, K Gellis, AC Caffee, MW Larsen, J AF Bierman, PR Reuter, JM Pavich, K Gellis, AC Caffee, MW Larsen, J TI Using cosmogenic nuclides to contrast rates of erosion and sediment yield in a semi-arid, arroyo-dominated landscape, Rio Puerco Basin, New Mexico SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantifying Rates and Timescales of Geomorphic Processes CY DEC, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA DE denudation; sediment budget; sediment transport; landscape evolution; geomorphology; land management; fluvial; cosmogenic nuclide ID GREAT-SMOKY MOUNTAINS; SITU-PRODUCED BE-10; UNITED-STATES; DENUDATION RATES; RIVER SEDIMENTS; DRAINAGE BASINS; RECORD; AL-26; SURFACES; DELIVERY AB Analysis of in-situ-produced Be-10 and Al-26 in 52 fluvial sediment samples shows that millennial-scale rates of erosion vary widely (7 to 366 m Ma(-1)) through the lithologically and topographically complex Rio Puerco Basin of northern New Mexico. Using isotopic analysis of both headwater and downstream samples, we determined that the semi-arid, Rio Puerco Basin is eroding, on average, about 100 m Ma(-1). This rapid rate of erosion is consistent with estimates made using other techniques and is likely to result from a combination of easily eroded lithologies, sparse vegetation, and monsoon-dominated rainfall. Data from 331 stream water samples collected by the US Geological Survey between 1960 and 1995 are consistent with basin-wide, average chemical denudation rates of only about 1.4 m Ma(-1); thus, the erosion rates we calculate may be considered rates of sediment generation because physical weathering accounts for almost 99 per cent of mass loss. The isotopic data reveal that sediment is generally well mixed downstream with the area-weighted average sediment generation rate for 16 headwater samples (234 ton km(-2) a(-1) for basin area 170 to 1169 km(2)) matching well that estimated from a single sample collected far downstream (238 ton km(-2) a(-1), basin area = 14 225 km(2)). A series of 15 samples, collected from an arroyo wall and representing deposition through the late Holocene, indicates that Be-10 concentration in sediment delivered by the fluvial system has not changed appreciably over the last 1200 years despite at least two cycles of arroyo cutting and filling. Other samples (n = 21) were collected along the drainage network. Rio Puerco erosion rates scale directly with a variety of metrics describing vegetation, precipitation, and rock erodibility. Using the headwater basins for calibration, the erosion rates for both the downstream samples and also the data set as a whole, are best modelled by considering a combination of relief and vegetation metrics, both of which co-vary with precipitation and erodibility as inferred from lithology. On average, contemporary sediment yields, determined by monitoring suspended-sediment discharge, exceed cosmogenically determined millennial-scale erosion rates by nearly a factor of two. This discrepancy, between short-term rates of sediment yield and long-term rates of erosion, suggests that more sediment is currently being exported from the basin than is being produced. Because the failure of incised channel walls and the head cutting of arroyo complexes appear to be the main sources of channel sediment today, this incongruence between rates of sediment supply and sediment yield is likely to be transitory, reflecting the current status of the arroyo cycle and perhaps the influence of current or past land-use patterns. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bierman, PR (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM pbierman@uvm.edu RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 65 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 30 IS 8 BP 935 EP 953 DI 10.1002/esp.1255 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 960KK UT WOS:000231589200003 ER PT J AU Garvin, CD Hanks, TC Finkel, RC Heimsath, AM AF Garvin, CD Hanks, TC Finkel, RC Heimsath, AM TI Episodic incision of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon, Utah SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantifying Rates and Timescales of Geomorphic Processes CY DEC, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA DE Colorado river; Glen Canyon; Navajo Mountain; episodic quaternary incision ID GRAND-CANYON; CALIFORNIA; FREQUENCY; CARBONATE; SERIES; INSITU AB Incision rates of the Colorado River are integral to understanding the development of the Colorado Plateau. Here we calculate episodic incision rates of the Colorado River based on absolute ages of two levels of Quaternary deposits adjacent to Glen Canyon, Utah, along the north flank of Navajo Mountain. Minimum surface ages are determined by a combination of cosmogenic radionuclide surface exposure ages, uranium series and soil-development formation times. Bedrock incision rates of the Colorado River between c. 500 ka and c. 250 ka, and c. 250 ka to present are c. 0.4 m ka(-1) and c. 0.7 m ka(-1), respectively. These rates are more than double the rates reported in the Grand Canyon, suggesting that the Colorado River above Lees Ferry is out of equilibrium with the lower section of the river. We also determine incision rates of two tributaries to the Colorado River. Oak Creek and Bridge Creek flow off Navajo Mountain into Glen Canyon from the southeast. Oak Creek and Bridge Creek both have incision rates of c. 0.6 to ka(-1) over the past c. 100 ka at points about 9 km away from the main stem of the Colorado River. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Garvin, CD (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM CDGarvin@Alum.Dartmouth.org NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 30 IS 8 BP 973 EP 984 DI 10.1002/esp.1257 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 960KK UT WOS:000231589200005 ER PT J AU Friedman, JM Vincent, KR Shafroth, PB AF Friedman, JM Vincent, KR Shafroth, PB TI Dating floodplain sediments using tree-ring response to burial SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE burial; dendrochronology; Salix; stratigraphy; Tamarix ID RIO-PUERCO; NEW-MEXICO; RIVER; CHANNEL; COTTONWOOD; VEGETATION; ACCRETION; CS-137; PLAIN AB Floodplain sediments can be dated precisely based on the change in anatomy of tree rings upon burial. When a stem of tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima) or sandbar willow (Salix exigua) is buried, subsequent annual rings in the buried section resemble the rings of roots: rings become narrower, vessels within the rings become larger, and transitions between rings become less distinct. We combined observations of these changes with tree-ring counts to determine the year of deposition of sedimentary beds exposed in a 150-m-long trench across the floodplain of the Rio Puerco, a rapidly filling arroyo in New Mexico. This method reliably dated most beds thicker than about 30 cm to within a year of deposition. Floodplain aggradation rates varied dramatically through time and space. Sediment deposition was mostly limited to brief overbank flows occurring every few years. The most rapid deposition occurred on channel-margin levees, which migrated laterally during channel narrowing. At the decadal timescale, the cross-section-average sediment deposition rate was steady, but there was a shift in the spatial pattern of deposition in the 1980s. From 1936 to 1986, sediment deposition occurred by channel narrowing, with little change in elevation of the thalweg. After 1986 sediment deposition occurred by vertical aggradation. From 1936 to 2000 about 27 per cent of the arroyo cross-section filled with sediment. The rate of filling from 1962 to 2000 was 0(.)8 vertical m/decade or 85 m(2)/decade. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Friedman, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jonathan_friedman@usgs.gov OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663 NR 42 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1077 EP 1091 DI 10.1002/esp.1263 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 963DU UT WOS:000231784300001 ER PT J AU Kohler, MD Davis, PM Safak, E AF Kohler, MD Davis, PM Safak, E TI Earthquake and ambient vibration monitoring of the steel-frame UCLA Factor building SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION AB Dynamic property measurements of the moment-resisting steel-frame University of California, Los Angeles, Factor building are being made to assess how forces are distributed over the building. Fourier amplitude spectra have been calculated from several intervals of ambient vibrations, a 24-hour period of strong winds, and from the 28 March 2003 Encino, California (ME = 2.9), the 3 September 2002 Yorba Linda, California (M-L = 4.7), and the 3 November 2002 Central Alaska (M-W = 7.9) earthquakes. Measurements made from the ambient vibration records show that the first-mode frequency of horizontal vibration is between 0.55 and 0.6 Hz. The second horizontal mode has a frequency between 1.6 and 1.9 Hz. In contrast, the first-mode frequencies measured from earthquake data are about 0.05 to 0.1 Hz lower than those corresponding to ambient vibration recordings indicating softening of the soil-structure system as amplitudes become larger. The frequencies revert to pre-earthquake levels within five minutes of the Yorba Linda earthquake. Shaking due to strong winds that occurred during the Encino earthquake dominates the frequency decrease, which correlates in time with the duration of the strong winds. The first shear wave recorded from the Encino and Yorba Linda earthquakes takes about 0.4 sec to travel up the 17-story building. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Embedded Networked Sensing, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Kohler, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Embedded Networked Sensing, 3563 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Davis, Paul/E-7151-2012 NR 9 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 715 EP 736 DI 10.1193/1.1946707 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 956CT UT WOS:000231277200005 ER PT J AU Noe, GB Hupp, CR AF Noe, GB Hupp, CR TI Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus accumulation in floodplains of Atlantic Coastal Plain rivers, USA SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon; coastal plain; connectivity; floodplain; geomorphology; land use; nitrogen; phosphorus; sediment ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; PALUSTRINE FORESTED WETLANDS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ORGANIC-MATTER; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; HYDROLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY; SEDIMENT RETENTION; BLACKWATER RIVER; SYSTEM; VEGETATION AB Net nutrient accumulation rates were measured in riverine floodplains of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware, USA. The floodplains were located in watersheds with different land use and included two sites on the Chickahominy River (urban), one site on the Mattaponi River (forested), and five sites on the Pocomoke River (agricultural). The Pocomoke River floodplains lie along reaches with natural hydrogeomorphology and on reaches with restricted flooding due to channelization and levees. A network of feldspar clay marker horizons was placed on the sediment surface of each floodplain Site 3-6 years prior to sampling. Sediment cores were collected from the material deposited over the feldspar clay pads. This overlying sediment was separated from the clay layer and then dried, weighed, and analyzed for its total carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) content. Mean C accumulation rates ranged from 61 to 212 g.m(-2).yr(-1), N accumulation rates ranged from 3.5 to 13.4 g.m(-2).yr(-1), and P accumulation rates ranged from 0.2 to 4.1 g.m(-2).yr(-1) among the eight floodplains. Patterns of intersite variation in mineral sediment and P accumulation rates were similar to each other, as was variation in organic sediment and C and N accumulation rates. The greatest sediment and C, N, and P accumulation rates were observed on Chickahominy River floodplains downstream from the growing metropolitan area of Richmond, Virginia. Nutrient accumulation rates were lowest on Pocomoke River floodplains that have been hydraulically disconnected from the main channel by channelization and levees. Sediment P concentrations and P accumulation rates were much greater on the hydraulically connected floodplain immediately downstream of the limit of channelization and dense chicken agriculture of the upper Pocomoke River watershed. These findings indicate that (1) watershed land use has a large effect on sediment and nutrient retention in floodplains, and (2) limiting the hydraulic connectivity between river channels and floodplains minimizes material retention by floodplains in fluvial hydroscapes. C1 USGS, Reston, VA USA. RP Noe, GB (reprint author), USGS, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM gnoe@usgs.gov RI Noe, Gregory/A-1365-2010; OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 NR 64 TC 83 Z9 89 U1 10 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1178 EP 1190 DI 10.1890/04-1677 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950SE UT WOS:000230876900008 ER PT J AU Kaye, MW Binkley, D Stohlgren, TJ AF Kaye, MW Binkley, D Stohlgren, TJ TI Effects of conifers and elk browsing on quaking aspen forests in the central Rocky Mountains, USA SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conifers; elk browsing; forest succession; quaking aspen; tree rings ID POPULUS-TREMULOIDES MICHX.; NATIONAL-PARK; PLANT DIVERSITY; AGE STRUCTURE; GROWTH-RATES; COLORADO; LANDSCAPE; SPRUCE; PERSISTENCE; FIRE AB Elk browsing and conifer species mixing with aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) present current challenges to aspen forest management in the western United States. We evaluated the effects of conifers and elk browsing on quaking aspen stands in and near Rocky Mountain National Park using tree rings to reconstruct patterns of aspen establishment, growth, and mortality over the past 120 years High conifer encroachment and elk browse were both associated with decreased aspen recruitment, with mean recruitment dropping over 30% from pure aspen to mixed stands and over 50% from low-browse to high-browse stands. Maximum aspen recruitment was lower in mixed stands than in pure stands with the same tree basal area. High-levels of elk browsing were also associated with a 30% decrease in stand-level growth of aspens Neither high conifer abundance nor elk browse affected the growth of individual trees or aspen mortality. Aspen establishment was negatively. influenced by conifers and elk browsing; however, aspen growth and mortality appeared to be resilient to these two external influences. Overall, these results suggest that long-term preservation of aspen forests could be achieved by enhancing aspen recruitment. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USGS, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kaye, MW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, 204A Ferguson Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mwk12@psu.edu NR 55 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1284 EP 1295 DI 10.1890/03-5395 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950SE UT WOS:000230876900017 ER PT J AU Horn, DJ Phillips, ML Koford, RR Clark, WR Sovada, MA Greenwood, RJ AF Horn, DJ Phillips, ML Koford, RR Clark, WR Sovada, MA Greenwood, RJ TI Landscape composition, patch size, and distance to edges: Interactions affecting duck reproductive success SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ducks; edge effects; field size; habitat fragmentation; landscape compostion; nest success; North Dakota; patch size; Prairie Pothole Region ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; NEST SUCCESS; SITE SELECTION; UNITED-STATES; RED FOXES; PREDATION; FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT; WATERFOWL AB Prairies and other North American grasslands, although highly fragmented, provide breeding habitat for a diverse array of species, including species of tremendous economic and ecological importance. Conservation and management of these species requires some understanding of how reproductive success is affected by edge effects, patch size, and characteristics of the landscape. We examined how differences in the percentage of grassland in the landscape influenced the relationships between the success of nests of upland-nesting ducks and (1) field size and (2) distance to nearest field and wetland edges. We collected data on study areas composed of 15-20% grassland and areas composed of 45-55% grassland in central North Dakota, USA during the 1996 and 1997 nesting seasons. Daily survival rates (DSRs) of duck nests were greater in study areas with 45-55% grassland than with 15-20% grassland. Within study areas, we detected a curvilinear relationship between DSR and field size: DSRs were highest in small and large fields and lowest in moderately sized fields. In study areas with 15-20% grassland, there was no relationship between probability of hatching and distance to nearest field edge, whereas in study areas with 45-55% grassland, there was a positive relationship between these two variables. Results of this study support the conclusion that both landscape composition and configuration affect reproductive success of ground-nesting birds. We are prompted to question conservation strategies that favor clustering moderately sized patches of nesting habitat within agricultural landscapes because our results show that such patches would have low nest success, most likely caused by predation. Understanding the pattern of nest success, and the predator-prey mechanism's that produce the pattern, will enable design of patch configurations that are most conducive to meeting conservation goals. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Grad Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Horn, DJ (reprint author), Milliken Univ, Dept Biol, 1184 W Main St, Decatur, IL 62522 USA. EM drhorn@wildbird.com NR 71 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1367 EP 1376 DI 10.1890/03-5254 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950SE UT WOS:000230876900024 ER PT J AU Gerber, LR McCallum, H Lafferty, KD Sabo, JL Dobson, A AF Gerber, LR McCallum, H Lafferty, KD Sabo, JL Dobson, A TI Exposing extinction risk analysis to pathogens: Is disease just another form of density dependence? SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE density dependence; diffusion approximation; disease; epidemic; epidemiology; extinction risk; host-pathogen interactions; parasite; pathogen; population viability analysis; PVA; reservoir host ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; CANINE-DISTEMPER; NATIONAL-PARK; MORTALITY; PERSISTENCE; SERENGETI; BIOLOGY; THREATS; MODELS AB In the United States and several other countries., the development of population viability analyses (PVA) is a legal requirement of any species survival plan developed for threatened and endangered species. Despite the importance of pathogens in natural populations, little attention has been given to host-pathogen dynamics in PVA. To study the effect of infectious pathogens on extinction risk estimates generated from PVA, we review and synthesize the relevance of host-pathogen dynamics in analyses of extinction risk. We then develop a stochastic, density-dependent host-parasite model to investigate the effects of disease on the persistence of endangered populations. We show that this model converges on a Ricker model of density dependence under a suite of limiting assumptions, including. a high probability that epidemics will arrive and occur. Using this modeling framework, we then quantify: (1) dynamic differences between time series generated by disease and Ricker processes with the same parameters; (2) observed probabilities of quasi-extinction for populations exposed to disease or self-limitation; and (3) bias in probabilities of quasi-extinction estimated by density-independent PVAs when populations experience either form of density dependence. Our results suggest two generalities about the relationships among disease, PVA, and the management of endangered species. First, disease more strongly increases variability in host abundance and, thus, the probability of quasi-extinction, than does self-limitation. This result stems from the fact that the effects and the probability of occurrence of disease are both density dependent. Second, estimates of quasi-extinction are more often overly optimistic for populations experiencing disease than for those subject to self-limitation. Thus, although the results of density-independent PVAs may be relatively robust to some particular assumptions about density dependence, they are less robust when endangered populations are known to be susceptible to disease. If potential management actions involve manipulating pathogens, then it may be useful to. model disease explicitly. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Zool & Entomol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, USGS, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Gerber, LR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Box 871501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM leah.gerber@asu.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; McCallum, Hamish/E-1638-2013 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; McCallum, Hamish/0000-0002-3493-0412 NR 56 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1402 EP 1414 DI 10.1890/04-0880 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950SE UT WOS:000230876900027 ER PT J AU Zabel, RW Wagner, T Congleton, JL Smith, SG Williams, JG AF Zabel, RW Wagner, T Congleton, JL Smith, SG Williams, JG TI Survival and selection of migrating salmon from capture-recapture models with individual traits SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE behavioral variability; capture-recapture; chinook salmon; individual covariates; mark-recapture; model averaging; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; PIT tag; selection; steelhead; survival ID JUVENILE SALMONIDS; MARKED ANIMALS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; POPULATIONS; SIZE; MORTALITY; EVOLUTION; ABUNDANCE AB Capture-recapture studies are powerful tools for studying animal population dynamics, providing information on population abundance, survival rates, population growth rates, and selection for phenotypic traits. In these studies, the probability of observing a tagged individual reflects both the probability of the individual surviving to the time of recapture and,the probability of recapturing an animal, given that it is alive. If both of these probabilities are related to the same phenotypic trait, it can be difficult to distinguish effects, on survival probabilities from effects on recapture probabilities. However, when animals are individually tagged and have multiple opportunities for recapture, we can properly partition observed trait-related variability into survival and recapture components. We present an overview of capture-recapture models that incorporate individual variability and develop methods to incorporate results from these models into estimates of population survival and selection for phenotypic traits. We conducted a series of simulations to understand the performance of these estimators and to assess the consequences of ignoring individual variability when it exists. In addition, we analyzed a large data set of >153 000 juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) of known length that were PIT-tagged during their seaward migration. Both our simulations and the case study indicated that the ability to precisely estimate selection for phenotypic' traits was greatly compromised when differential recapture probabilities were ignored. Estimates of population survival, however, were far more robust. In the chinook salmon and steelhead study, we consistently found that smaller fish had a greater probability of recapture. We also uncovered length-related survival relationships in over half of the release group/river segment combinations that we observed, but we found both. positive and negative relationships between length and survival probability. These results have important implications for the management of salmonid populations. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Zabel, RW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM rich.zabel@noaa.gov RI Zabel, Richard/F-7277-2015 OI Zabel, Richard/0000-0003-2315-0629 NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1427 EP 1439 DI 10.1890/04-0940 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950SE UT WOS:000230876900029 ER PT J AU Kery, M Royle, JA Schmid, H AF Kery, M Royle, JA Schmid, H TI Modeling avian abundance from replicated counts using binomial mixture models SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; binomical mixture model; breeding bird surveys; count data; delectability; index of abundance; monitoring; random effect; replicated counts; Switzerland ID DETECTION PROBABILITIES; SPECIES DETECTABILITY; BASICS; TRENDS; RATES; TIME; NEED AB Abundance estimation in ecology is usually accomplished by capture-recapture, removal, or distance sampling methods. These may be hard to implement at large spatial scales. In contrast, binomial mixture models enable abundance estimation without individual identification, based simply on temporally and spatially replicated counts. Here, we evaluate mixture models using data from the national breeding bird monitoring program in Switzerland, where some 250 1-km(2) quadrats are surveyed using the territory mapping method three times during each breeding season. We chose eight species with contrasting distribution (wide-narrow), abundance (high-low), and detectability (easy-difficult). Abundance was modeled as a random effect with a Poisson or negative binomial distribution, with mean affected by forest cover, elevation, and route length. Detectability was a logit-linear function of survey date, survey date-by-elevation, and sampling effort (time per transect unit). Resulting covariate effects and parameter estimates were consistent with expectations. Detectability per territory (for three surveys) ranged from 0.66 to 0.94 (mean 0.84) for easy species, and from 0.16 to 0.83 (mean 0.53) for difficult species, depended on survey effort for two easy and all four difficult species, and changed seasonally for three easy and three difficult species. Abundance was positively related to route length in three high-abundance and one low-abundance (one easy and three difficult) species, and increased with forest cover in five forest species, decreased for two nonforest species, and was unaffected for a generalist species. Abundance estimates under the most parsimonious mixture models were between 1.1 and 8.9 (median 1.8) times greater than estimates based on territory mapping; hence, three surveys were insufficient to detect all territories for each species. We conclude that binomial mixture models are an important new approach for estimating abundance corrected for detectability when only repeated-count data are available. Future developments envisioned include estimation of trend, occupancy, and total regional abundance. C1 Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kery, M (reprint author), Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. EM marc.kery@vogelwarte.ch OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 38 TC 133 Z9 141 U1 11 U2 89 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1450 EP 1461 DI 10.1890/04-1120 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950SE UT WOS:000230876900031 ER PT J AU Trenham, PC Diamond, SA AF Trenham, PC Diamond, SA TI Coordinated studies of ultraviolet radiation and amphibians in lentic wetland habitats SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material ID UV-B RADIATION; FROG RANA-PIPIENS; LEOPARD FROG; POPULATION DECLINES; CAUSES MORTALITY; BOREAL TOADS; HYLA-REGILLA; AMBIENT; CALIFORNIA; EXPOSURE C1 US EPA, Off Res Dev, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. USGS Biol Resources Discipline, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Diamond, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res Dev, Natl Hlth Environm Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM diamond.steve@epa.gov NR 51 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2005 VL 8 IS 5 BP 455 EP 461 DI 10.1007/s10021-003-0029-z PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965ZH UT WOS:000231988900001 ER PT J AU Diamond, SA Trenham, PC Adams, MJ Hossack, BR Knapp, RA Stark, SL Bradford, D Corn, PS Czarnowski, K Brooks, PD Fagre, D Breen, B Detenbeck, NE Tonnessen, K AF Diamond, SA Trenham, PC Adams, MJ Hossack, BR Knapp, RA Stark, SL Bradford, D Corn, PS Czarnowski, K Brooks, PD Fagre, D Breen, B Detenbeck, NE Tonnessen, K TI Estimated ultraviolet radiation doses in wetlands in six national parks SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ultraviolet radiation; DOC; UV-B; amphibians; national parks ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; UV-B RADIATION; POPULATION DECLINES; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; CAUSES MORTALITY; NATURAL-WATERS; RANA-PIPIENS; SOLAR; LAKES; ATTENUATION AB Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-320-nm wavelengths) doses were estimated for 1024 wetlands in six national parks: Acadia (Acadia), Glacier (Glacier), Great Smoky Mountains (Smoky), Olympic (Olympic), Rocky Mountain (Rocky), and Sequoia/Kings Canyon (Sequoia). Estimates were made using ground-based UV-B data (Brewer spectrophotometers), solar radiation models, GIS tools, field characterization of vegetative features, and quantification of DOC concentration and spectral absorbance. UV-B dose estimates were made for the summer solstice, at a depth of 1 cm in each wetland. The mean dose across all wetlands and parks was 19.3 W-h m(-2) (range of 3.4-32.1 W-h m(-2)). The mean dose was lowest in Acadia (13.7 W-h m(-2)) and highest in Rocky (24.4 W-h m(-2)). Doses were significantly different among all parks. These wetland doses correspond to UV-B flux of 125.0 mu W cm(-2) (range 21.4-194.7 mu W cm(-2)) based on a day length, averaged among all parks, of 15.5 h. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a key determinant of water-column UV-B flux, ranged from 0.6 (analytical detection limit) to 36.7 mg C L-1 over all wetlands and parks, and reduced potential maximal UV-B doses at 1-cm depth by 1%-87%. DOC concentration, as well as its effect on dose, was lowest in Sequoia and highest in Acadia (DOC was equivalent in Acadia, Glacier, and Rocky). Landscape reduction of potential maximal UV-B doses ranged from zero to 77% and was lowest in Sequoia. These regional differences in UV-B wetland dose illustrate the importance of considering all aspects of exposure in evaluating the potential impact of UV-B on aquatic organisms. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Hangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, Crowley Lake, CA 93546 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geog, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposo Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Rocky Mt Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Este Park, CO 80517 USA. Univ Arizona, Hydrol & Water Sources, Tucson, AZ USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. Acadia Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Rocky Mt Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Natl Pk Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, CESU, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Diamond, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM diamond.steve@epa.gov RI Knapp, Roland/B-1337-2009 OI Knapp, Roland/0000-0002-1954-2745 NR 65 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2005 VL 8 IS 5 BP 462 EP 477 DI 10.1007/s10021-003-00306 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965ZH UT WOS:000231988900002 ER PT J AU Brooks, PD O'Reilly, CM Diamond, SA Campbell, DH Knapp, R Bradford, D Corn, PS Hossack, B Tonnessen, K AF Brooks, PD O'Reilly, CM Diamond, SA Campbell, DH Knapp, R Bradford, D Corn, PS Hossack, B Tonnessen, K TI Spatial and temporal variability in the amount and source of dissolved organic carbon: Implications for ultraviolet exposure in amphibian habitats SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic carbon; ultraviolet radiation; ultraviolet-B; amphibians; national parks ID SOLAR UV-RADIATION; B RADIATION; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; POPULATION DECLINES; BOREAL LAKES; MATTER; ATTENUATION; CATCHMENTS; EMBRYOS; WATER AB The amount, chemical composition, and source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), together with in situ ultraviolet (UV-B) attenuation, were measured at 1-2 week intervals throughout the summers of 1999, 2000, and 2001 at four sites in Rocky Mountain National Park (Colorado). Eight additional sites, four in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park/John Muir Wilderness (California) and four in Glacier National Park (Montana), were sampled during the summer of 2000. Attenuation of UV-B was significantly related to DOC concentrations over the three years in Rocky Mountain (R-2 = 0.39, F = 25.71, P < 0.0001) and across all parks in 2000 (R-2 = 0.44, F = 38.25, P < 0.0001). The relatively low R-2 values, however, reflect significant temporal and spatial variability in the specific attenuation per unit DOC. Fluorescence analysis of the fulvic acid DOC fraction (roughly 600-2,000 Daltons) indicated that the source of DOC significantly affected the attenuation of UV-B. Sites in Sequoia-Kings Canyon were characterized by DOC derived primarily from algal sources and showed much deeper UV-B penetration, whereas sites in Glacier and Rocky Mountain contained a mix of algal and terrestrial DOC-dominated sites, with more terrestrially dominated sites characterized by greater UV-B attenuation per unit DOC. In general, site characteristics that promoted the accumulation of terrestrially derived DOC showed greater attenuation of UV-B per unit DOC; however, catchment vegetation and soil characteristics, precipitation, and local hydrology interacted to make it difficult to predict potential exposure from DOC concentrations. C1 Univ Arizona, Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Vassar Coll, Dept Biol, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Calif, HCR, Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, Crowley Lake, CA 93546 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Montana, Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Brooks, PD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM brooks@hwr.arizona.edu RI Knapp, Roland/B-1337-2009 OI Knapp, Roland/0000-0002-1954-2745 NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2005 VL 8 IS 5 BP 478 EP 487 DI 10.1007/s10021-003-0031-5 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965ZH UT WOS:000231988900003 ER PT J AU Adams, MJ Hossack, BR Knapp, RA Corn, PS Diamond, SA Trenham, PC Fagre, DB AF Adams, MJ Hossack, BR Knapp, RA Corn, PS Diamond, SA Trenham, PC Fagre, DB TI Distribution patterns of lentic-breeding amphibians in relation to ultraviolet radiation exposure in western North America SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE amphibian decline; ultraviolet-B radiation; global change; mountain ponds; national parks ID UV-B RADIATION; COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLES; HYLA-REGILLA; POPULATION DECLINES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; BOREAL TOADS; LEGGED FROG; CALIFORNIA; EMBRYOS AB An increase in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has been posited to be a potential factor in the decline of some amphibian population. This hypothesis has received support from laboratory and field experiments showing that current levels of UV-B can cause embryo mortality in some species, but little research has addressed whether UV-B is influencing the distribution of amphibian populations. We compared patterns of amphibian presence to site-specific estimates of UV-B dose at 683 ponds and lakes in Glacier, Olympic, and Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks. All three parks are located in western North America, a region with a concentration of documented amphibian declines. Site-specific daily UV-B dose was estimated using modeled and field-collected data to incorporate the effects of elevation, landscape, and water-column dissolved organic carbon. Of the eight species we examined (Ambystoma gracile, Ambystoma macro-dactylum, Bufo boreas, Pseudacris regilla, Rana cascadae, Rana leuteiventris, Rana muscosa, Taricha granulosa), two species (T. granulosa and A. macrodactylum) had quadratic relationships with UV-B that could have resulted from negative UV-B effects. Both species were most likely to occur at moderate UV-B levels. Ambystoma macrodactylum showed this pattern only in Glacier National Park. Occurrence of A. macrodactylum increased as UV-B increased in Olympic National Park despite UV-B levels similar to those recorded in Glacier. We also found marginal support for a negative association with UV-B for P. regilla in one of the two parks where it occurred. We did not find evidence of a negative UV-B effect for any other species. Much more work is still needed to determine whether UV-B, either alone or in concert with other factors, is causing widespread population losses in amphibians. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Univ Calif, HCR, Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, Crowley Lake, CA 93546 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Adams, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Michael_Adams@usgs.gov RI Knapp, Roland/B-1337-2009 OI Knapp, Roland/0000-0002-1954-2745 NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2005 VL 8 IS 5 BP 488 EP 500 DI 10.1007/s10021-003-0033-3 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965ZH UT WOS:000231988900004 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, SA Murphy, W Jibson, RW Petley, DN AF Sepulveda, SA Murphy, W Jibson, RW Petley, DN TI Seismically induced rock slope failures resulting from topographic amplification of strong ground motions: The case of Pacoima Canyon California SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE landslides; earthquakes; site effects; slope stability ID 1999 CHI-CHI; NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; WAVES; TAIWAN; DAM AB The 1994 Northridge earthquake (M-w = 6.7) triggered extensive rock slope failures in Pacoima Canyon, immediately north of Los Angeles, California. Pacoima Canyon is a narrow and steep canyon incised in gneissic and granitic rocks. Peak accelerations of nearly 1.6 g were recorded at a ridge that forms the left abutment of Pacoima Dam; peak accelerations at the bottom of the canyon were less than 0.5 g, suggesting the occurrence of topographic amplification. Topographic effects have been previously suggested to explain similarly high ground motions at the site during the 1971 (M-w = 6.7) San Fernando earthquake. Furthermore, high landslide concentrations observed in the area have been attributed to unusually strong ground motions rather than higher susceptibility to sliding compared with nearby zones. We conducted field investigations and slope stability back-analyses to confirm the impact of topographic amplification on the triggering of landslides during the 1994 earthquake. Our results suggest that the observed extensive rock sliding and falling would have not been possible under unamplified seismic conditions, which would have generated a significantly lower number of areas affected by landslides. In contrast, modelling slope stability using amplified ground shaking predicts slope failure distributions matching what occurred in 1994. This observation confirms a significant role for topographic amplification on the triggering of landslides at the site, and emphasises the need to select carefully the inputs for seismic slope stability analyses. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chile, Dept Geol, Santiago, Chile. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Sepulveda, SA (reprint author), Univ Chile, Dept Geol, Casilla 13518,Correo 21, Santiago, Chile. EM sesepulv@ing.uchile.cl RI Sepulveda, Sergio/A-9825-2008 OI Sepulveda, Sergio/0000-0001-6943-362X NR 29 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 80 IS 3-4 BP 336 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.07.004 PG 13 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 971DM UT WOS:000232361500012 ER PT J AU Seitz, AC Norcross, BL Wilson, D Nielsen, JL AF Seitz, AC Norcross, BL Wilson, D Nielsen, JL TI Identifying spawning behavior in Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis, using electronic tags SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE PSAT tag; PAT tag; archival tag; Pleuronectidae ID MATING SYSTEM; EYED FLOUNDER; TRANSPORT AB Identifying spawning behavior in Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis, is particularly challenging because they occupy a deep, remote environment during the spawning season. To identify spawning events, a method is needed in which direct observation by humans is not employed. Spawning behavior of seven other flatfish, species has been directly observed in their natural environment by investigators using SCUBA. All of these flatfish species display almost identical spawning behavior that follows a routine. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that this spawning behavior occurs in other flatfish species, including Pacific halibut. As part of a larger study, we recaptured two Pacific halibut on which Pop-up Archival Transmitting (PAT) tags had been attached during the winter spawning season. Because the tags were physically retrieved, we were able to collect minute-by-minute depth records for 135 and 155 days. We used these depth data to tentatively identify spawning events. On seven separate occasions between 20 January 2001 and 9 February 2001, one fish displayed a conspicuous routine only seen during the spawning season of Pacific halibut and the routine parallels the actions of other spawning flatfish directly observed by humans using SCUBA. Therefore, we propose this routine represents spawning behavior in Pacific halibut. The second tagged fish did not display the conspicuous routine, thus challenging the assumption that Pacific halibut are annual spawners. PAT tags may prove to be a useful tool for identifying spawning events of Pacific halibut, and that knowledge may be used for improved management in the future. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Seitz, AC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS 701, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM aseitz@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 4 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1007/s10641-005-3216-2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 945QC UT WOS:000230516200011 ER PT J AU Lowry, D Wintzer, AP Matott, MP Whitenack, LB Huber, DR Dean, M Motta, PJ AF Lowry, D Wintzer, AP Matott, MP Whitenack, LB Huber, DR Dean, M Motta, PJ TI Aerial and aquatic feeding in the silver arawana, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE leaping; kinematics; Osteoglossomorpha; feeding behaviour; feeding ecology ID PREY CAPTURE; ARCHER FISH; KINEMATICS; BEHAVIOR; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; METAMORPHOSIS; COMMUNITIES; HABITATS; ONTOGENY AB The silver arawana, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, hunts along shorelines and within flooded forests in the Amazon River basin and supplements its limited consumption of aquatic vertebrates by leaping from the water to obtain terrestrial and arboreal prey. We offered O. bicirrhosum prey both suspended above and submerged below the surface of the water. From high-speed digital recordings, we measured kinematic variables associated with the jaws, cranium, pectoral fins, and body during orientation and prey capture. Aquatic and aerial feeding events were kinematically distinct, with aerial events generally involving faster, larger movements and a distinct delay in the onset of lower jaw depression until the head had left the water. The comparatively large gape during leaping may facilitate prey capture by overcoming variability in the apparent position of the prey due to refraction, while the delayed onset of mouth opening may serve to reduce the effects of drag. This distinctive leaping behaviour allows exploitation of the terrestrial prey base, especially during seasonal inundation of the Amazon River basin when the aquatic food base is widely dispersed. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. Eckerd Coll, Coll Nat Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Lowry, D (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, SCA 110,4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Dean, Mason/C-8758-2014; OI Dean, Mason/0000-0002-5026-6216; Matott, Michael/0000-0002-7883-4473; Lowry, Dayv/0000-0003-1159-3828 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 4 BP 453 EP 462 DI 10.1007/s10641-005-3214-4 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 945QC UT WOS:000230516200012 ER PT J AU Neymark, LA Paces, JB Marshall, BD Peterman, ZE Whelan, JF AF Neymark, LA Paces, JB Marshall, BD Peterman, ZE Whelan, JF TI Geochemical and C, O, Sr, and U-series isotopic evidence for the meteoric origin of Calcrete at Solitario Wash, Crater Flat, Nevada, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcrete; C, O, Sr, and U-series isotopes; nuclear waste repository; Crater Flat; Yucca Mountain; Nevada ID YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; PEDOGENIC CARBONATE; CALCITE/OPAL DEPOSITS; SOUTHERN NEVADA; SOIL CARBONATE; UNITED-STATES; STRONTIUM; HYPOGENE; SITE; FRACTIONATION AB Calcite-rich soils (calcrete) in alluvium and colluvium at Solitario Wash, Crater Flat, Nevada, USA, contain pedogenic calcite and opaline silica similar to soils present elsewhere in the semi-arid southwestern United States. Nevertheless, a ground-water discharge origin for the Solitario Wash soil deposits was proposed in a series of publications proposing elevation-dependent variations of carbon and oxygen isotopes in calcrete samples. Discharge of ground water in the past would raise the possibility of future flooding in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, site of a proposed high-level nuclear waste repository. New geochemical and carbon, oxygen, strontium, and uranium-series isotopic data disprove the presence of systematic elevation-isotopic composition relations, which are the main justification given for a proposed groundwater discharge origin of the calcrete de,Posits at Solitario Wash. Values of delta C-13 (-4.1 to -7.8 per mil [parts per thousand]), delta O-18 (23.8-17.2 parts per thousand), Sr-87/Sr-86 (0.71270-0.71146), and initial U-234/U-238 activity ratios of about 1.6 in the new calcrete samples are within ranges previously observed in pedogenic carbonate deposits at Yucca Mountain and are incompatible with a ground-water origin for the calcrete. Variations in carbon and oxygen isotopes in Solitario Wash calcrete likely are caused by pedogenic deposition from meteoric water under varying Quaternary climatic conditions over hundreds of thousands of years. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80227 USA. RP Neymark, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 963, Denver, CO 80227 USA. EM lneymark@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4-5 BP 450 EP 465 DI 10.1007/s00254-005-1260-z PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 975BN UT WOS:000232636100005 ER PT J AU Huang, X Li, WH Attfield, MD Nadas, A Frenkel, K Finkelman, RB AF Huang, X Li, WH Attfield, MD Nadas, A Frenkel, K Finkelman, RB TI Mapping and prediction of coal workers' pneumoconiosis with bioavailable iron content in the bituminous coals SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE bioavailable iron; calcite; coal; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPD; pneumoconiosis ID LUNG EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DUST EXPOSURE; CROCIDOLITE ASBESTOS; FERRITIN SYNTHESIS; FERROUS SULFATE; PARTICLE-SIZE; MINERS; PREVALENCE; CALCIUM; INDUCTION AB Based on the first National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (CWP) and the U.S. Geological Survey database of coal quality, we show that the prevalence of CXXT in seven coal mine regions correlates with levels of bioavailable iron (BAI) in the coals from that particular region (correlation coefficient r = 0.94, p < 0.0015). CWP prevalence is also correlated with contents of pyritic sulfur (r = 0.91, p < 0.0048) or total iron (r = 0.85, p < 0.016) but not with coal rank (r = 0.59, p < 0.16) or silica (r = 0.28, p < 0.54). BAI was calculated using our model, taking into account chemical interactions of pyrite, sulfuric acid, calcite, and total iron. That is, iron present in coals can become bioavailable by pyrite oxidation, which produces ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid. Calcite is the major component in coals that neutralizes the available acid and inhibits iron's bioavailability. Therefore, levels of BAI in the coals are determined by the available amounts of acid after neutralization of calcite and the amount of total iron in the coals. Using the linear fit of CWP prevalence and the calculated BAI in the seven coal mine regions, we have derived and mapped the pneumoconiotic potencies of 7,000 coal samples. Our studies indicate that levels of BAI in the coals may be used to predict coal's toxicity, even before large-scale mining. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. NYU, Sch Med, NYU Canc Inst, New York, NY 10016 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Huang, X (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 550 1st Ave,PHL Room 802, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM xihuang@env.med.nyu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00260, P30 ES000260]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH003561, OH 03561] NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 113 IS 8 BP 964 EP 968 DI 10.1289/ehp.7679 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 951OV UT WOS:000230941100031 PM 16079064 ER PT J AU Clark, BT Burkardt, N King, MD AF Clark, BT Burkardt, N King, MD TI Watershed management and organizational dynamics: Nationwide findings and regional variation SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE watershed management; organizational characteristics; regional variation; collaborative decision-making; place-based conservation ID PARTICIPATION; RESOURCES AB Recent attention has focused on resource management initiatives at the watershed scale with emphasis on collaborative, locally driven, and decentralized institutional arrangements. Existing literature on limited selections of well-established watershed-based organizations has provided valuable insights. The current research extends this focus by including a broad survey of watershed organizations from across the United States as a means to estimate a national portrait. Organizational characteristics include year of formation, membership size and composition, budget, guiding principles, and mechanisms of decision-making. These characteristics and the issue concerns of organizations are expected to vary with respect to location. Because this research focuses on organizations that are place based and stakeholder driven, the forces driving them are expected to differ across regions of the country. On this basis of location, we suggest basic elements for a regional assessment of watershed organizations to channel future research and to better approximate the organizational dynamics, issue concerns, and information needs unique to organizations across the country. At the broadest level, the identification of regional patterns or organizational similarities may facilitate the linkage among organizations to coordinate their actions at the much broader river basin or ecosystem scale. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Burkardt, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Nina_Burkardt@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 297 EP 310 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-1039-0 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 956KL UT WOS:000231298500011 PM 15995892 ER PT J AU Smithwick, M Mabury, SA Solomon, KR Sonne, C Martin, JW Born, EW Dietz, R Derocher, AE Letcher, RJ Evans, TJ Gabrielsen, GW Nagy, J Stirling, I Taylor, MK Muir, DCG AF Smithwick, M Mabury, SA Solomon, KR Sonne, C Martin, JW Born, EW Dietz, R Derocher, AE Letcher, RJ Evans, TJ Gabrielsen, GW Nagy, J Stirling, I Taylor, MK Muir, DCG TI Circumpolar study of perfluoroalkyl contaminants in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE FOOD-CHAINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PERFLUORINATED ACIDS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; AGE-DETERMINATION; TEMPORAL TRENDS; GREENLAND; SVALBARD; LIVER AB Perfluoroalkyl substances were determined in liver tissues and blood of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from five locations in the North American Arctic and two locations in the European Arctic. Concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate, heptadecafluorooctane sulfonamide, and perfluoroalkyl carboxylates with C-8-C-15 perfluorinated carbon chains were determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. PFOS concentrations were significantly correlated with age at four of seven sampling locations, while gender was not correlated to concentration for any compound measured. Populations in South Hudson Bay (2000-2730 ng/g wet wt), East Greenland (911-2140 ng/g wet wt), and Svalbard (756-1290 ng/g wet wt) had significantly (P < 0.05) higher PFOS concentrations than western populations such as the Chukchi Sea (435-729 ng/g wet wt). Concentrations of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) with adjacent chain lengths li.e., C-9:C-10 and C-10:C-11) were significantly correlated (P < 0.05), suggesting PFCAs have a common source within a location, but there were differences in proportions of PFCAs between eastern and western location sources. Concentrations of PFOS in liver tissue at five locations were correlated with concentrations of four polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (180, 153, 138, and 99) in adipose tissue of bears in the same populations, suggesting similar transport pathways and source regions of PFOS or precursors. C1 Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6B 2X3, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. Natl Environm Res Inst Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Norwegian Polar Res Inst, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway. Greenland Inst Nat Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greeland, Denmark. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Govt Nunavut, Dept Sustainable Dev, Iqaluit, NU, Canada. Govt NW Terr, Dept Resources Wildlife & Econ Def, Inuvik, NT, Canada. Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Muir, DCG (reprint author), Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6B 2X3, Canada. EM derek.muir@ec.gc.ca RI Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012; Sonne, Christian/I-7532-2013; Martin, Jonathan/J-3824-2013; Dietz, Rune/L-4640-2013; Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015; OI Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774; Sonne, Christian/0000-0001-5723-5263; Martin, Jonathan/0000-0001-6265-4294; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776 NR 34 TC 107 Z9 117 U1 6 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 15 BP 5517 EP 5523 DI 10.1021/es048309w PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 951HI UT WOS:000230919800013 PM 16124282 ER PT J AU Mahler, BJ Van Metre, PC Bashara, TJ Wilson, JT Johns, DA AF Mahler, BJ Van Metre, PC Bashara, TJ Wilson, JT Johns, DA TI Parking lot sealcoat: An unrecognized source of urban polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SEDIMENTS; PAH; RUNOFF; INDICATORS; HARBOR; DUST AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a ubiquitous contaminant in urban environments. Although numerous sources of PAHs to urban runoff have been identified, their relative importance remains uncertain. We show that a previously unidentified source of urban PAHs, parking lot sea I coat, may dominate loading of PAHs to urban water bodies in the United States. Particles in runoff from parking lots with coal-tar emulsion sealcoat had mean concentrations of PAHs of 3500 mg/kg, 65 times higher than the mean concentration from unsealed asphalt and cement lots. Diagnostic ratios of individual PAHs indicating sources are similar for particles from coal-tar emulsion sealed lots and suspended sediment from four urban streams. Contaminant yields projected to the watershed scale for the four associated watersheds indicate that runoff from sealed parking lots could account for the majority of stream PAH loads. C1 City Austin Watershed Protect Dept, Austin, TX 78767 USA. RP Mahler, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8027 Exchange Dr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM bjmahler@usgs.gov OI Wilson, Jennifer/0000-0003-4481-6354; Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 38 TC 122 Z9 129 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 15 BP 5560 EP 5566 DI 10.1021/es0501565 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 951HI UT WOS:000230919800018 PM 16124287 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Mahler, BJ AF Van Metre, PC Mahler, BJ TI Trends in hydrophobic organic contaminants in urban and reference lake sediments across the United States, 1970-2001 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DEPOSIT-FEEDERS; ACCUMULATION; TRANSPORT; MICHIGAN; CORES; PAH; RESERVOIR; MERCURY; QUALITY AB A shift in national policy toward stronger environmental protection began in the United States in about 1970. Conversely, urban land use, population, energy consumption, and vehicle use have increased greatly since then. To assess the effects of these changes on water quality, the U.S. Geological Survey used sediment cores to reconstruct water-quality histories for 38 urban and reference lakes across the United States. Cores were age-dated, and concentration profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorinated hydrocarbons were tested statistically. Significant trends in total DDT, p,p'-DDE, and total PCBs were all downward. Trends in chlordane were split evenly between upward and downward, and trends in PAHs were mostly upward. Significant trends did not occur in about one-half of cases tested. Concentrations of p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, and PCBs were about one-half as likely to exceed the probable effect concentration (PEC), a sediment quality guideline, in sediments deposited in the 1990s as in 1965-1975, whereas PAHs were twice as likely to exceed the PEC in the more recently deposited sediments. Concentrations of all contaminants evaluated correlated strongly with urban land use. Upward trends in PAH concentrations, the strong association of PAH with urban settings, and rapid urbanization occurring in the United States suggest that PAHs could surpass chlorinated hydrocarbons in the threat they pose to aquatic biota in urban streams and lakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 8027 Exchange Dr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM pcvanmet@usgs.gov OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 50 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 15 BP 5567 EP 5574 DI 10.1021/es0503175 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 951HI UT WOS:000230919800019 PM 16124288 ER PT J AU Muller, JK Sepulveda, MS Borgert, CJ Gross, TS AF Muller, JK Sepulveda, MS Borgert, CJ Gross, TS TI Absorption of p,p '-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and dieldrin in largemouth bass from a 60-D slow-release pellet and detection using a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for blood plasma SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fish; exposure; p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; dieldrin; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay AB This work describes the uptake of two organochlorine pesticides from slow-release pellets by largemouth bass and the utility of a blood plasma enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for exposure verification. We measured blood and tissue levels by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and by a novel ELISA method, and present a critical comparison of the results. C1 Appl Pharmacol & Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Muller, JK (reprint author), Appl Pharmacol & Toxicol, 2250 NW 24th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. EM jkmuller@apt-pharmatox.com RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES07375] NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1979 EP 1983 DI 10.1897/04-492R.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 950QX UT WOS:000230873400019 PM 16152970 ER PT J AU James, SM Little, EE Semlitsch, RD AF James, SM Little, EE Semlitsch, RD TI Metamorphosis of two amphibian species after chronic cadmium exposure in outdoor aquatic mesocosms SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bufo americanus; cadmium; mesocosm; metamorphosis; Rana sphenocephala ID BUFO-AMERICANUS TADPOLES; VISION(R) HERBICIDE; POND COMMUNITIES; RANA-CATESBEIANA; FOREST WETLANDS; HEAVY-METALS; FOOD WEBS; GROWTH; DENSITY; PREDATION AB Amphibian larvae at contaminated sites may experience an alteration of metamorphic traits and survival compared to amphibians in uncontaminated conditions. Effects of chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure on the metamorphosis of American toads (Bufo americanus) and southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala) were determined. The two species were reared separately from shortly after hatching through metamorphosis in outdoor mesocosms (1,325-L polyethylene cattle tanks) that simulated natural ponds and enhanced environmental realism relative to the laboratory. Both species exhibited a decrease in survival with increasing initial nominal aqueous Cd concentration. Cadmium treatment did not influence mass at metamorphosis for either species when survival was included as a covariate, but increased the age at metamorphosis for the American toads. The whole body Cd content of metamorphs increased with aqueous Cd treatment level for both species, and the American toads tended to possess more elevated residues. Cadmium quickly partitioned out of the water column and accumulated in and altered the abundance of the tadpoles' diet. Cadmium-contaminated sites may produce fewer metamorphs, and those that survive will metamorphose later and contain Cd. Interspecific differences in the response variables illustrate the importance of testing multiple species when assessing risk. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP James, SM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Sci, 105 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM sjames@usgs.gov OI Semlitsch, Raymond/0000-0002-7999-5762 NR 39 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 12 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1994 EP 2001 DI 10.1897/04-568R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 950QX UT WOS:000230873400021 PM 16152972 ER PT J AU Johnson, CS Schwarzbach, SE Henderson, JD Wilson, BW Tjeerdema, RS AF Johnson, CS Schwarzbach, SE Henderson, JD Wilson, BW Tjeerdema, RS TI Influence of water temperature on acetylcholinesterase activity in the pacific tree frog (Hyla regilla) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acetylcholinesterase; frog; inhibition; temperature ID DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; SIERRA-NEVADA; BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; PESTICIDES; USA; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; PERSPECTIVE; BLUEGILLS; TRANSPORT AB This investigation evaluated whether acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Pacific tree frogs (Hyla regilla) from different geographical locations was influenced by different temperatures during early aquatic life stages, independent of pesticide exposure. Tadpoles were collected from both a California coastal pond and a Sierra Nevada mountain range pond, USA. Groups of frogs from each location were raised in temperatures representative of either the Sierra Nevada (8 degrees C) or the coastal (19 degrees C) location. Metamorphs from both locations raised as tadpoles at 19 degrees C had AChE activities of 42.3 and 38.7 nm/min/mg protein, while those raised as tadpoles at 8 degrees C had activities of 26.9 and 28.2 nm/min/mg protein. A two-way analysis of variance revealed temperature to be the significant factor in determining AChE activity (F = 22.3, p < 0.001), although origin was not important (F = 0.09, p = 0.75). Interpretations regarding the influence of pesticides upon AChE activity in Pacific tree frogs must consider the influence of environmental temperature to enable cross-population comparisons. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Contaminants Div, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Res Discipline, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Johnson, CS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Contaminants Div, 2800 Cottage Way W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. EM cathy_s_johnson@fws.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES05707] NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 8 BP 2074 EP 2077 DI 10.1897/04-508R.1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 950QX UT WOS:000230873400030 PM 16152981 ER PT J AU Wikle, CK Royle, JA AF Wikle, CK Royle, JA TI Dynamic design of ecological monitoring networks for non-Gaussian spatio-temporal data SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Environmental Statistics and Health CY JUL 16-18, 2003 CL Santiago de Compostela, SPAIN SP US Natl Sci Fdn, US EPA, US Natl Ctr Hlth Statist & Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Spanish Minist Ciecia Tecnol, Spanish Dept Sci Technol ID COX PROCESSES; MODELS; PREDICTION AB Many ecological processes exhibit spatial structure that changes over time in a coherent, dynamical fashion. This dynamical component is often ignored in the design of spatial monitoring networks. Furthermore, ecological variables related to processes such as habitat are often non-Gaussian (e.g. Poisson or log-normal). We demonstrate that a simulation-based design approach can be used in settings where the data distribution is from a spatio-temporal exponential family. The key random component in the conditional mean function from this distribution is then a spatio-temporal dynamic process. Given the computational burden of estimating the expected utility of various designs in this setting, we utilize an extended Kalman filter approximation to facilitate implementation. The approach is motivated by, and demonstrated on, the problem of selecting sampling locations to estimate July brood counts in the prairie pothole region of the U.S. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Wikle, CK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, 146 Middlebush, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wikle@stat.missouri.edu; aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1180-4009 EI 1099-095X J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD AUG PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 SI SI BP 507 EP 522 DI 10.1002/env.718 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 945OA UT WOS:000230510600008 ER PT J AU Misumi, I Vella, AT Leong, JAC Nakanishi, T Schreck, CB AF Misumi, I Vella, AT Leong, JAC Nakanishi, T Schreck, CB TI p,p '-DDE depresses the immune competence of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) leukocytes SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alamar Blue; apoptosis; cell proliferation; chinook salmon; DDE; flow cytometry; granulocytes; immune response; leukocytes; LPS; mitogenic response; seasonal change ID ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; COHO SALMON; APOPTOSIS; FISH; EXPOSURE; DDT; IMMUNOTOXICITY; SENSITIVITY; CORTISOL AB p,p'-DDE, the main metabolite of DDT, is still detected in aquatic environments throughout the world. Here, the effects and mechanisms by which pp'-DDE exposure might affect the immune system of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was studied. Isolated salmon splenic and pronephric leukocytes were incubated with different concentrations of pp'-DDE, and cell viability, induction of apoptosis, and mitogenic responses were measured by flow cytometry and Alamar Blue assay. p,p'-DDE significantly reduced cell viability and proliferation and increased apoptosis. The effect of p,p'-DDE on pronephric leukocytes was more severe than on splenic leukocytes, likely because pronephric leukocytes had a higher proportion of granulocytes, cells that appear more sensitive to p,p'-DDE. The effect of p,p'-DDE on leukocytes appeared to vary between developmental stages or seasonal differences. The mitogenic response of leukocytes of chinook salmon exposed to p,p'-DDE in vivo exhibited a biphasic dose-response relationship. Only leukocytes isolated from salmon treated with 59 ppm p,p'-DDE had a significantly lower percentage of Ig + blasting cells than controls, although the response was biphasic. These results support the theory that exposure to chemical contaminants could lead to an increase in disease susceptibility and mortality of fish due to immune suppression. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Nihon Univ, Dept Vet Med, Lab Fish Pathol, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 2528510, Japan. Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Biol Resources Div,Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Misumi, I (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM imisumi@hawaii.edu NR 60 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 97 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2004.11.005 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 907ZB UT WOS:000227755700001 PM 15752649 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Overstreet, RM Goodwin, AE Brandt, TM AF Mitchell, AJ Overstreet, RM Goodwin, AE Brandt, TM TI Spread of an exotic fish-gill trematode: A far-reaching and complex problem SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID MELANOIDES-TUBERCULATA MULLER; FRESH-WATER FISHES; CENTROCESTUS-FORMOSANUS; HETEROPHYID TREMATODE; UNITED-STATES; HONG-KONG; SNAIL; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; AQUACULTURE AB Centrocestus formosanus, the gill trematode, has caused serious losses among fish 0 raised by tropical fish producers since the early 1980s and is believed to be harmful to wild fish populations, including the federally listed endangered fountain darter (Etheostoma fonticola), in the Comal River near San Marcos, Texas. The parasite appears to infect in many fishes from Hawaii, Florida, Texas, and Utah. The gill trematode has a complex life cycle involving definitive hosts (aquatic birds and occasionally some mammals) and intermediate hosts (aquatic snails and several fish species). In the United States, the green heron (Butorides virescens) and the great egret (Ardea alba) serve as definitive hosts. The first intermediate host, the red-rim melania (Melanoides tuberculatus), an exotic snail, has been found in 15 southern and western states. This snail exhibits resistance to desiccation, molluscicides, and disinfectants and has been documented to out-compete established mollusks. Both the gill trematode and its exotic snail host continue to spread in the United States. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS USA. Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. EM dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG PY 2005 VL 30 IS 8 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2005)30[11:SOAEFT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 953IS UT WOS:000231070400005 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF AF Bromaghin, JF TI A versatile net selectivity model, with application to Pacific salmon and freshwater species of the Yukon River, Alaska SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE size selectivity; unequal probability sampling; gillnet; catch-per-unit-effort; maximum likelihood; SELECT ID ESTIMATING GILLNET SELECTIVITY; SPOTTED SEA-TROUT; NEBULOSUS; EXAMPLE; CURVES; HOOK AB Gillnet catch data from the lower Yukon River, AK, collected from 1990 to 2003 in conjunction with a sonar study to estimate the abundance of migrating fish, were assembled. The full dataset contained 92,029 records with complete species and length information. A subset of data for the eight most prevalent groups of fish was selected for the estimation of net selectivity. The reduced dataset contained 89,984 records for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), summer and fall runs of chum salmon (O. keta), coho salmon (O. kisutch), pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), humpback whitefish (Coregonus pidschian), broad whitefish (C nasus), and various cisco (Coregonus) species. A Pearson function was used as a net selectivity model for all eight groups of fish, though a parameter was added to accommodate the catch of fish that are relatively large for a particular mesh. Because most of these relatively large fish were probably not gilled, but rather caught by body parts other than the operculum, the extra parameter can be thought of as a tangling parameter. The parameters of the modified Pearson model were estimated using maximum likelihood, and variances were estimated through bootstrapping. Gillnets were found to be most efficient, for all eight groups of fish, when fish length is approximately twice as great as the perimeter of a mesh, and the corresponding location parameter of the Pearson model was estimated with high precision. As the Pearson function has apparently not been used previously as a net selectivity model, its suitability was compared to the normal, lognormal, gamma, inverse Gaussian, and bi-normal functions, which are commonly employed as net selectivity models. Model fit was evaluated on the basis of the value of the likelihood function obtained, Akaike's Information Criterion and scaled deviance statistics, and plots of estimated models and scaled catch data. The Pearson model was found to be quite flexible, and fit the data as well as or better than the other models for all eight groups of fish considered. Other researchers may wish to consider its use with their data. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fisheries & Habitat Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fisheries & Habitat Conservat, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jeffrey_bromaghin@fws.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-3 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2005.03.004 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 941XY UT WOS:000230248700014 ER PT J AU Ostrand, KG Siepker, MJ Cooke, SJ Bauer, WF Wahl, DH AF Ostrand, KG Siepker, MJ Cooke, SJ Bauer, WF Wahl, DH TI Largemouth bass catch rates and injury associated with non-offset and offset circle hook configurations SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE circle hooks; largemouth bass; angling injury ID MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; RELEASE FISHERIES; ROCK BASS; MORTALITY; EFFICIENCY; MARINE AB Although circle hooks are being viewed as a means to reduce injury and mortality of recreationally caught-and-released fish, subtle differences in hook configuration (such as the degree that the hook point is offset from the shank) could affect performance. We compared hooking and landing efficiency. anatomical hooking depth and location. case of hook removal. and amount of bleeding between largemouth bass angled on either non-offset (0) or slightly offset (2) circle hooks. Non-offset circle hooks were more efficient at hooking and landing largemouth bass than the offset design, Fish were hooked more deeply with non-offset hooks, non-offset hooks penetrated the corner of the mouth whereas the offset hooks penetrated the terminal tipper and lower lip. Overall, there were no differences in the frequency that fish were hooked in potentially lethal locations (e.g. gullet, eye). The design and hooking location of non-offset hooks led to greater difficulty in hook removal and slightly higher rates of bleeding. Offset circle hooks have been identified as more injurious in previous studies but We found little difference in injury that may lead to serious infection or mortality between hook types. Given that non-offset circle hooks have a higher capture efficiency for largemouth bass, anglers will likely adopt their use. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Aquat Ecol, Sam Parr Biol Stn, Kinmundy, IL 62854 USA. Univ British Columbia, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V6R 2J3, Canada. RP Ostrand, KG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98623 USA. EM kenneth_ostrand@fws.gov RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-3 BP 306 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2005.03.011 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 941XY UT WOS:000230248700027 ER PT J AU Gammons, CH Wood, SA Nimick, DA AF Gammons, CH Wood, SA Nimick, DA TI Diel behavior of rare earth elements in a mountain stream with acidic to neutral pH SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS; HYDROUS METAL-OXIDES; IRON PHOTOREDUCTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SUMMIT-COUNTY; TEMPERATURE; WATER; MINE; ADSORPTION; SORPTION AB Diel (24-h) changes in concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) were investigated in Fisher Creek, a mountain stream in Montana that receives acid mine drainage in its headwaters. Three simultaneous 24-h samplinas were conducted at an upstream station (pH = 3.3), an intermediate station (pH = 5.5), and a downstream station (pH = 6.8). The REE were found to behave conservatively at the two upstream stations. At the downstream station, REE partitioned into Suspended particles to a degree that varied with the time of day, and concentrations of dissolved REE were 2.9- to 9.4-fold (190% to 830%) higher in the early morning vs. the late afternoon. The decrease in dissolved REE concentrations during the day coincided with a corresponding increase in the concentration of REE in suspended particles, such that diel changes in the total REE concentrations were relatively minor (27% to 55% increase at night). Across the lanthanide series, the heavy REE partitioned into the suspended solid phase to a greater extent than the light REE. Filtered samples from the downstream station showed a decrease in shale-normalized REE concentration across the lanthanide series, with positive anomalies at La and Gd, and a negative Eu anomaly. As the temperature of the creek increased in the afternoon, the slope of the RFE profile steepened and the magnitude of the anomalies increased. The above observations are explained by cyclic adsorption of REE onto suspended particles of hydrous ferric and aluminum oxides (HFO, HAO). Conditional partition coefficients for each REE between the suspended solids and the aqueous phase reached a maximum at 1700 hours and a minimum at 0700 hours. This pattern is attributed to diel variations in stream temperature, possibly reinforced by kinetic factors (i.e., slower rates of reaction at night than during the day). Estimates of the enthalpy of adsorption of each REE onto Suspended particles based on the field results averaged +82 kJ/mol and are similar in magnitude to estimates in the literature for adsorption of divalent metal cations onto clays and hydrous metal oxides. The results of this study have important implications to the use of REE as hydrogeochemical tracers in streams. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID USA. US Geol Survey, Helena, MT USA. RP Gammons, CH (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. EM cgammons@mtech.edu RI Shope, Christopher/A-2931-2013; OI Shope, Christopher/0000-0003-3277-0811; Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 NR 62 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 15 BP 3747 EP 3758 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2005.03.019 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 950PW UT WOS:000230870500003 ER PT J AU Kulongoski, JT Hilton, DR Izbicki, JA AF Kulongoski, JT Hilton, DR Izbicki, JA TI Source and movement of helium in the eastern Morongo groundwater Basin: The influence of regional tectonics on crustal and mantle helium fluxes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID GREAT ARTESIAN BASIN; ANDREAS FAULT SYSTEM; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; TRANSVERSE RANGES; RADIOGENIC HELIUM; DEGASSING FLUX; INERT-GASES AB We assess the role of fracturing and seismicity on fluid-driven mass transport of helium using groundwaters from the eastern Morongo Basin (EMB), California, USA. The EMB, located similar to 200 km east of Los Angeles, lies within a tectonically active region known as the Eastern California Shear Zone that exhibits both strike-slip and extensional deformation. Helium concentrations from 27 groundwaters range from 0.97 to 253.7 X 10(-7) cm(3) STP g(-1)H(2)O, with corresponding He-3/He-4 ratios falling between 1.0 and 0.26 R-A (where R-A is the He-3/He-4 ratio of air). All groundwaters had helium isotope ratios significantly higher than the crustal production value of similar to 0.02 R-A. Dissolved helium concentrations were resolved into components associated with solubility equilibration, air entrainment, in situ production within the aquifer, and extraneous fluxes (both crustal and mantle derived). All samples contained a mantle helium-3 (He-3(m)) flux in the range of 4.5 to 1351 X 10(-14) cm(3) STP He-3 cm(-2) yr(-1) and a crustal flux (J(0)) between 0.03 and 300 X 10(-7) cm(3) STP He-4 cm(-2) yr(-1). Groundwaters from the eastern part of the basin contained significantly higher He-3(m) and deep crustal helium-4 (He-4(dc)) concentrations than other areas, suggesting a localized source for these components. He-4(dc) and He-3(m) are strongly correlated, and are associated with faults in the basin. A shallow thermal anomaly in a > 3,000 m deep graben in the eastern basin suggests upflow of fluids through active faults associated with extensional tectonics. Regional tectonics appears to drive large scale crustal fluid transport, whereas episodic hydrofracturing provides an effective mechanism for mantle-crust volatile transport identified by variability in the magnitude of degassing fluxes (He-3(m) and J(0)) across the basin. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Fluids & Volatiles Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Kulongoski, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Fluids & Volatiles Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kulongos@usgs.gov RI Hilton, David/B-7611-2008; OI Kulongoski, Justin/0000-0002-3498-4154; Zhu, Chen/0000-0001-5374-6787 NR 73 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 15 BP 3857 EP 3872 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2005.03.001 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 950PW UT WOS:000230870500011 ER PT J AU Sanford, WE AF Sanford, WE TI A simulation of the hydrothermal response to the Chesapeake Bay bolide impact SO GEOFLUIDS LA English DT Article DE crater; groundwater; hydrothermal; simulation ID MELT PRODUCTION; EVENT; GENERATION; SEAWATER; CRATER AB Groundwater more saline than seawater has been discovered in the tsunami breccia of the Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater. One hypothesis for the origin of this brine is that it may be a liquid residual following steam separation in a hydrothermal system that evolved following the impact. Initial scoping calculations have demonstrated that it is feasible such a residual brine could have remained in the crater for the 35 million years since impact. Numerical simulations have been conducted using the code HYDROTHERM to test whether or not conditions were suitable in the millennia following the impact for the development of a steam phase in the hydrothermal system. Hydraulic and thermal parameters were estimated for the bedrock underlying the crater and the tsunami breccia that fills the crater. Simulations at three different breccia permeabilities suggest that the type of hydrothermal system that might have developed would have been very sensitive to the permeability. A relatively low breccia permeability (1 x 10(-16) m(2)) results in a system partitioned into a shallow water phase and a deeper superheated steam phase. A moderate breccia permeability (1 x 10(-15) m(2)) results in a system with regionally extensive multiphase conditions. A relatively high breccia permeability (1 x 10(-14) m(2)) results in a system dominated by warm-water convection cells. The permeability of the crater breccia could have had any of these values at given depths and times during the hydrothermal system evolution as the sediments compacted. The simulations were not able to take into account transient permeability conditions, or equations of state that account for the salt content of seawater. Results suggest, however, that it is likely that steam conditions existed at some time in the system following impact, providing additional evidence that is consistent with a hydrothermal origin for the crater brine. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sanford, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wsanford@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-8115 J9 GEOFLUIDS JI Geofluids PD AUG PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 185 EP 201 DI 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2005.00110.x PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 950MI UT WOS:000230861000003 ER PT J AU McEwen, AS Preblich, BS Turtle, EP Artemieva, NA Golombek, MP Hurst, M Kirk, RL Burr, DM Christensen, PR AF McEwen, AS Preblich, BS Turtle, EP Artemieva, NA Golombek, MP Hurst, M Kirk, RL Burr, DM Christensen, PR TI The rayed crater Zunil and interpretations of small impact craters on Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Review DE Mars; cratering; regoliths; Moon; impact processes ID PATHFINDER LANDING SITE; NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; MARTIAN METEORITES; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; CERBERUS FOSSAE; ORBITER CAMERA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOLAR-SYSTEM; FLOOD LAVAS AB A 10-km diameter crater named Zunil in the Cerberus Plains of Mars created similar to 10(7) secondary craters 10 to 200 m in diameter. Many of these secondary craters are concentrated in radial streaks that extend up to 1600 kin front the primary crater, identical to lunar rays. Most of the larger Zunil secondaries are distinctive in both visible and thermal infrared imaging. MOC images of the secondary craters show sharp rims and bright ejecta and rays, but the craters are shallow and often noncircular, as expected for relatively low-velocity impacts. About 80% of the impact craters superimposed over the youngest surfaces in the Cerberus Plains, such as Athabasca Valles, have the distinctive characteristics of Zunil secondaries. We have not identified any other large (>= 10 km diameter) impact crater on Mars with such distinctive rays of young secondary craters, so the age of the crater may be less than a few Ma. Zunil formed in the apparently youngest (least cratered) large-scale lava plains on Mars, and may be an excellent example of how spallation of a competent surface layer can produce high-velocity ejecta. (Melosh, 1984, Impact ejection, spallation. and the origin of meteorites, Icarus 59, 234-260). It could be the source crater for some of the basaltic shergottites, consistent with their crystallization and ejection ages, composition, and the fact that Zunil produced abundant high-velocity ejecta fragments. A 3D hydrodynamic simulation of the impact event produced 10(10) rock fragments >= 10 cm diameter, leading to up to 109 secondary craters >= 10 m diameter. Nearly all of the simulated secondary craters larger than 50 m are within 800 km of the impact site but the more abundant smaller (10-50 m) craters extend out to 3500 kin. If Zunil is representative of large impact events on Mars, then secondaries should be more abundant than primaries at diameters a factor of similar to 1000 smaller than that of the largest primary crater that contributed secondaries. As a result, most small craters on Mars could be secondaries. Depth/diameter ratios of 1300 small craters (10-500 m diameter) in Isidis Planitia and Gusev crater have a mean value of 0.08; the freshest of these craters give a ratio of 0.11, identical to that of fresh secondary craters on the Moon (Pike and Wilhelms, 1978, Secondary-impact craters on the Moon: topographic form and geologic process, Lunar Planet. Sci. IX, 907-909) and significantly less than the value of similar to 0.2 or more expected for fresh primary craters of this size range. Several observations suggest that the production functions of Hartmann and Neukum (2001, Cratering chronology and the evolution of Mars, Space Sci. Rev. 96, 165-194) predict too many primary craters smaller than a few hundred meters in diameter. Fewer small, high-velocity impacts may explain why there appears to be little impact regolith over Amazonian terrains. Martian terrains dated by small craters could be older than reported in recent publications. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Dynam Geospheres, Moscow, Russia. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP McEwen, AS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mcewen@pirl.lpl.arizona.edu RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751 NR 136 TC 198 Z9 199 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2005 VL 176 IS 2 BP 351 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.02.009 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 946AA UT WOS:000230543000007 ER PT J AU Zhao, RX Liou, JG Zhang, RY Wooden, JL AF Zhao, RX Liou, JG Zhang, RY Wooden, JL TI SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircon from the Xugou UHP eclogite, Sulu terrane, eastern China SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ULTRAHIGH-PRESSURE METAMORPHISM; SM-ND; DABIE MOUNTAINS; NAPIER COMPLEX; WESTERN ALPS; GEOCHRONOLOGY; ISOTOPE; SHAN; ANTARCTICA; EXHUMATION AB Eclogites, together with garnet clinopyroxenites, occur as lenses within the Xugou garnet peridotite body in the southern Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane. Combined cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging and SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircon from two Xugou mafic eclogites provide added constraints on the timing of UHP metamorphism in this area. Zircons from both samples show subrounded to rounded shapes and patchy CL patterns without inherited igneous cores, indicating that they are metamorphic zircons. SHRIMP U-Pb analyses of these zircons yielded apparent U-Pb ages of 214-280 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 237 +/- 8 Ma, which is consistent with previous reported UHP metamorphic ages from eclogite pods and country-rock gneisses. The Xugou mafic lenses may have formed by partial melting of the enclosing peridotites in the mantle before subduction; then these eclogites, together with the host peridotites, were tectonically emplaced into the subduction zone and subjected to UHP metamorphism at 237 +/- 8 Ma. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Zhao, RX (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM rxzhao@stanford.edu NR 41 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 47 IS 8 BP 805 EP 814 DI 10.2747/0020-6814.47.8.805 PG 10 WC Geology SC Geology GA 951GC UT WOS:000230916400003 ER PT J AU Van Mantgem, PJ Stephenson, NL AF Van Mantgem, PJ Stephenson, NL TI The accuracy of matrix population model projections for coniferous trees in the Sierra Nevada, California SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth autocorrelation; matrix models; population projections; size structure; tree demography ID DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; EXTINCTION; DEMOGRAPHY; FOREST; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; PROBABILITY; MEANINGFUL; DYNAMICS AB We assess the use of simple, size-based matrix population models for projecting population trends for six coniferous tree species in the Sierra Nevada, California. We used demographic data from 16 673 trees in 15 permanent plots to create 17 separate time-invariant, density-independent population projection models, and determined differences between trends projected from initial surveys with a 5-year interval and observed data during two subsequent 5-year time steps. We detected departures from the assumptions of the matrix modelling approach in terms of strong growth autocorrelations. We also found evidence of observation errors for measurements of tree growth and, to a more limited degree, recruitment. Loglinear analysis provided evidence of significant temporal variation in demographic rates for only two of the 17 populations. Total population sizes were strongly predicted by model projections, although population dynamics were dominated by carryover from the previous 5-year time step (i.e. there were few cases of recruitment or death). Fractional changes to overall population sizes were less well predicted. Compared with a null model and a simple demographic model lacking size structure, matrix model projections were better able to predict total population sizes, although the differences were not statistically significant. Matrix model projections were also able to predict short-term rates of survival, growth and recruitment. Mortality frequencies were not well predicted. Our results suggest that simple size-structured models can accurately project future short-term changes for some tree populations. However, not all populations were well predicted and these simple models would probably become more inaccurate over longer projection intervals. The predictive ability of these models would also be limited by disturbance or other events that destabilize demographic rates. C1 USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Van Mantgem, PJ (reprint author), USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, 47050 Gen Highway, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 93 IS 4 BP 737 EP 747 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01007.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 943FL UT WOS:000230337900010 ER PT J AU Wintzer, AP Motta, PJ AF Wintzer, AP Motta, PJ TI A comparison of prey capture kinematics in hatchery and wild Micropterus salmoides floridanus: effects of ontogeny and experience SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Centrarchidae; fisheries; learning; ram-suction index; survival ID LARGEMOUTH BASS; FUNCTIONAL-MORPHOLOGY; FEEDING PERFORMANCE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; COTTID FISHES; SUCTION; GROWTH; ENVIRONMENT; SUCCESS; TROUT AB Analysis of high-speed videography demonstrated that juvenile wild Florida largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus captured live prey with very rapid movements and large excursions. Hatchery fish of the same age, raised on pelleted feed, however, used slower kinematics with smaller excursions, yielding strikes with a higher degree of 'suction'. Capture events of hatchery Florida largemouth bass fed live prey for the first time were characterized by movements that had smaller excursion measurements than wild fish and resulted in a decreased level of capture success. After five exposures to elusive mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki, hatchery Florida largemouth bass adapted their behaviour to capture prey at the kinematic level of wild fish. (c) 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Wintzer, AP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4001 N Wilson Way, Stockton, CA 92505 USA. EM alpa@wintzer.us NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 67 IS 2 BP 409 EP 427 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00748.x PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 960OT UT WOS:000231603700006 ER PT J AU Plant, WJ Keller, WC Hayes, K Spicer, K AF Plant, WJ Keller, WC Hayes, K Spicer, K TI Streamflow properties from time series of surface velocity and stage SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE microwaves; sensors; streamflow; velocity distribution; streambeds; time series analysis ID DISCHARGE AB Time series of surface velocity and stage have been collected simultaneously. Surface velocity was measured using an array of newly developed continuous-wave microwave sensors. Stage was obtained from the standard U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measurements. The depth of the river was measured several times during our experiments using sounding weights. The data clearly showed that the point of zero flow was not the bottom at the measurement site, indicating that a downstream control exists. Fathometer measurements confirmed this finding. A model of the surface velocity expected at a site having a downstream control was developed. The model showed that the standard form for the friction velocity does not apply to sites where a downstream control exists. This model fit our measured surface velocity versus stage plots very well with reasonable values of the parameters. Discharges computed using the surface velocities and measured depths matched the USGS rating curve for the site. Values of depth-weighted mean velocities derived from our data did not agree with those expected from Manning's equation due to the downstream control. These results suggest that if real-time surface velocities were available at a gauging station, unstable stream beds could be monitored. C1 Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Plant, WJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2005 VL 131 IS 8 BP 657 EP 664 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:8(657) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 949SO UT WOS:000230808600003 ER PT J AU Huh, SH Dickey, DA Meador, MR Ruhl, KE AF Huh, SH Dickey, DA Meador, MR Ruhl, KE TI Temporal analysis of the frequency and duration of low and high streamflow: years of record needed to characterize streamflow variability SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE time series analysis; streamflow; low flows; floods; trends ID AUTOREGRESSIVE TIME-SERIES; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; ECOSYSTEMS; ROOT AB A temporal analysis of the number and duration of exceedences of high- and low-flow thresholds was conducted to determine the number of years required to detect a level shift using data from Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Two methods were used-ordinary least squares assuming a known error variance and generalized least squares without a known error variance. Using ordinary least squares, the mean number of years required to detect a one standard deviation level shift in measures of low-flow variability was 57.2 (28.6 on either side of the break), compared to 40.0 years for measures of high-flow variability. These means become 57.6 and 41.6 when generalized least squares is used. No significant relations between years and elevation or drainage area were detected (P > 0.05). Cluster analysis did not suggest geographic patterns in years related to physiography or major hydrologic regions. Referring to the number of observations required to detect a one standard deviation shift as 'characterizing' the variability, it appears that at least 20 years of record on either side of a shift may be necessary to adequately characterize high-flow variability. A longer streamflow record (about 30 years on either side) may be required to characterize low-flow variability. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Dickey, DA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Box 8203, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dickey@stat.ncsu.edu NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 1-4 BP 78 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.12.008 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 944NQ UT WOS:000230436200005 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Clark, MP AF McCabe, GJ Clark, MP TI Trends and variability in snowmelt runoff in the western United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; SNOWPACK; STREAMFLOW; TELECONNECTIONS; PRECIPITATION; FLUCTUATIONS; MODEL AB The timing of snowmelt runoff (SMR) for 84 rivers in the western United States is examined to understand the character of SMR variability and the climate processes that may be driving changes in SMR timing. Results indicate that the timing of SMR for many rivers in the western United States has shifted to earlier in the snowmelt season. This shift occurred as a step change during the mid-1980s in conjunction with a step increase in spring and early-summer atmospheric pressures and temperatures over the western United States. The cause of the step change has not yet been determined. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov RI Clark, Martyn/A-5560-2015 OI Clark, Martyn/0000-0002-2186-2625 NR 21 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 6 IS 4 BP 476 EP 482 DI 10.1175/JHM428.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 970JR UT WOS:000232304500008 ER PT J AU LaPointe, DA Goff, ML Atkinson, CT AF LaPointe, DA Goff, ML Atkinson, CT TI Comparative susceptibility of introduced forest dwelling mosquitoes in Hawai'i to avian malaria, Plasmodium relictum SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS; REFRACTORY STRAIN; WILD TURKEY; BIRDS; CULEX; HOST; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; VIVAX; FALCIPARUM AB To identify potential vectors of avian malaria in Hawaiian native forests, the innate susceptibility of Aedes albopictus, Wyeomyia mitchellii, and Culex quinquefasciatus from 3 geographical sites along an altitudinal gradient was evaluated using local isolates of Plasmodium relictuni. Mosquitoes were dissected 5-8 and 9-13 days postinfective blood meal and microscopically examined for oocysts and salivary-gland sporozoites. Sporogony was completed in all 3 species, but prevalence between species varied significantly. Oocysts were detected in 1-2% and sporozoites in 1-7% of Aedes alhopictus that fed on infected ducklings. Wyeomyia mitchellii was slightly more susceptible, with 7-19% and 7% infected with oocysts and sporozoites, respectively. In both species, the median oocyst number was 5 or below. This is only the second Wyeomyia species reported to support development of a malarial parasite. Conversely, Cidex quinquefasciatus from all 3 sites proved very susceptible. Prevalence of oocysts and sporozoites consistently exceeded 70%, regardless of gametocytemia or origin of the P. relictum isolate. In trials for which a maximum 200 oocysts were recorded, the median number of oocysts ranged from 144 to 200. It was concluded that Culex quinquefasciatus is the primary vector of avian malaria in Hawai'i. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. RP LaPointe, DA (reprint author), Chaminade Univ, Forens Sci Program, 3140 Waialae Ave, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. EM dennis_lapointe@usgs.gov OI LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X NR 54 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 91 IS 4 BP 843 EP 849 DI 10.1645/GE-3431.1 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 963OS UT WOS:000231814200017 PM 17089752 ER PT J AU Work, TM Balazs, GH Schumacher, JL Marie, A AF Work, TM Balazs, GH Schumacher, JL Marie, A TI Epizootiology of spirorchiid infection in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; CARETTA-CARETTA; MARINE TURTLES; SEA-TURTLES; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; HERPESVIRUS; ANTIGENS; ELISA; IMMUNODIAGNOSIS; HAPALOTREMA AB We describe the epizootiology of spirorchiid trelnatode infections in Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas)by quantifying tissue egg burdens in turtles submitted for necropsy and by assessing antibody response to crude adult worm and egg antigens among a variety of age groups. Hapalotrema sp. and Laeredius sp. predominated in turtles infected with spirorchiids. Tissue egg burdens decreased with increasing size and increased with deteriorating body condition of turtles. No relationship was found between tissue egg burdens and sex or fibropapillomatosis status. Tissue egg burdens increased in turtles from southeast to northwest in the main Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii to Kauai). Hatchling and captive-reared turtles had significantly lower levels of antibodies against crude worm and egg antigens. Based on tissue egg burdens and antibody status, we hypothesize that immature turtles become infected with spirorchiids shortly after recruiting into coastal foraging pastures from the pelagic environment. that infection levels decrease with age, and that spirorchiids detrimentally affect the body condition of sea turtles independent of tumor burden. The low intensity of infection in turtles with the endemic trematode Carettacola hawaiiensis suggests either that turtles are less susceptible to infection with this parasite or that the parasite is outcompeted by species of Hapalotrema and Laeredius. Given that the 2 latter species are found in the Pacific and other oceans, they are not likely endemic and were probably introduced into Hawaii through an undetermined route. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Hawaii Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Hawaii Field Stn, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 5-231, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 91 IS 4 BP 871 EP 876 DI 10.1645/GE-454R.1 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 963OS UT WOS:000231814200022 PM 17089757 ER PT J AU van der Straaten, N Jacobson, A Halos, D Hershberger, P Kocan, AA Kocan, R AF van der Straaten, N Jacobson, A Halos, D Hershberger, P Kocan, AA Kocan, R TI Prevalence and spatial distribution of intraerythrocytic parasite(s) in Puget Sound Rockfish (Sebastes emphaeus) from the San Juan Archipelago, Washington (USA) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STARKS; FISHES AB Two morphologically distinct forms of an intracrythrocytic parasite(s) were detected by microscopic observation of Giemsa-stained blood films in 45.7% of 119 rockfish (Sebastes emphaeus) from the San Juan Archipelago (Washington State, U.S.A.). Infection prevalence for both forms was 53% in males, 44% in females, and 33% in fish of undetermined gender. A binucleate "ring-stage" was present at all 4 geographic sites, with a mean prevalence of 45.7%, while mean prevalence of a larger gamont-like form from the same sites was 5.1%. The relationship of the 2 forms to each other could not be determined. Neither schizogony nor binary fission was evident in any of the infected erythrocytes and the parasites contained no obvious pigment. The possibility of the 2 morphologic forms being 2 distinct species is supported by the observation that no difference in parasitemia was seen in the binucleate form among sites (1.6-1.9%), while parasitemia of the gamont-like form varied significantly among sites, ranging from a high of 4% to a low of 0.1%. Taxonomic status of either form could not be determined at this time based on limited existing morphologic data. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Isl Marine Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Kocan, AA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kocan@u.washington.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 91 IS 4 BP 980 EP 982 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 963OS UT WOS:000231814200049 PM 17089784 ER PT J AU Salinas-Flores, L Paniagua-Chavez, CG Jenkins, JA Tiersch, TR AF Salinas-Flores, L Paniagua-Chavez, CG Jenkins, JA Tiersch, TR TI Cryopreservation of sperm of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE red abalone; Haliotis rufescens; cryopreservation; sperm; flow cytometry; fertilization ID FLOW-CYTOMETRIC EVALUATION; MEMBRANE INTEGRITY; MITOCHONDRIAL; SPERMATOZOA; FRESH; FERTILIZATION; VIABILITY; OYSTER AB Abalone culture, a developing industry in Baja California, Mexico, would benefit from genetic improvement and controlled breeding. The use of cryopreserved sperm would allow germplasm availability, and this study was designed to develop sperm cryopreservation protocols for red abalone Haliotis rufescens. The acute toxic effects of the cryoprotectants dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), propylene glycol (PG), and glycerol (GLY) were assessed after suspending sperm in different concentrations, whereby cryoprotectant treatments of 10% DMSO and 10% GLY equilibrated for 10 min yielded the highest range of motile sperm in preliminary freezing trials and were used for cryopreservation studies. To determine effective cooling rates, three freezing chambers were tested. Replicate samples of sperm from 4 males were placed in 0.5-mL French straws and frozen using a commercial freezing chamber (CFC) used for bull sperm, a programmable rate chamber (PRC), and a manually controlled styrofoam chamber (MCC). For the CFC, the cooling rate was 16 degrees C/min, from 4 degrees C to -140 degrees C. For the PRC and MCC, it was 1 degrees C/min, from -20 degrees C to -30 degrees C. The samples were held at -30 degrees C for 5 min before being plunged into liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C) for storage, and each sample was thawed in a water bath at 45 degrees C for 8 s. The quality of thawed sperm was determined by estimating percent motility, evaluating membrane integrity using a dual-staining technique and flow cytometry, and estimating fertilization rate. Statistical analyses were performed using 2-way ANOVA where chamber and treatment were the independent variables. Sperm quality parameters were independent. For motilities, a significant interaction was noted between the cryoprotective treatment and the chamber type, whereby motilities for DMSO and GLY were higher (P = 0.0055) using MCC. Membrane integrities were significantly lower after using the PRC than the CFC or the MCC (P = 0.0167). The highest post-thaw motility (48 +/- 7%) was found using sperm suspended in 10% glycerol and frozen in the MCC. The highest percent of intact membranes (56 +/- 11%) was for sperm suspended in 10% glycerol and frozen in the CFC. The highest fertilization rate (29 +/- 10%) was with samples frozen with 10% glycerol in the CFC. The use of cryopreserved sperm from red abalone provides an alternative breeding option for culture and the protocols delineated are the first developed for this species. C1 Ctr Invest Cientifica & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Acuicultura, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Aquaculture Res Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Paniagua-Chavez, CG (reprint author), Ctr Invest Cientifica & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Acuicultura, Km 107 Carrt Tijuana,Apdo Postal 2732, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. EM cpaniagu@cicese.mx NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHAMPTON, NY 11968 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 957KE UT WOS:000231367900011 ER PT J AU Starliper, CE AF Starliper, CE TI Quarantine of Aeromonas salmonicida-harboring ebonyshell mussels (Fusconaia ebena) prevents transmission of the pathogen to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pathogen; transmission; vector; quarantine; depuration; freshwater mussels ID FRESH-WATER BIVALVES AB Furunculosis, caused by the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida, was artificially induced in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in an experimental tank. Ebonyshells (Fusconaia ebena) were placed to cohabit with these fish to acquire the pathogen through siphoning. After 2 wk of cohabitation, 10 of the mussels were assayed by bacterial culture and all were found to harbor A. salmonicida. The mean cell count from soft tissue homogenates was 1.84 x 10(5) cfu/g, which comprised an average 14.41% of the total bacteria isolated from tissues. From the fluids, a mean of 2.84 x 10(5) A. salmonicida cfu/mL was isolated, which comprised an average of 17.29% of the total bacterial flora. The mussels were removed from the cohabitation tank and distributed equally among five previously disinfected tanks, 35 per tank. The F. ebena in each tank were allowed to depurate A. salmonicida for various durations: 1, 5, 10, 15 or 30 days. After each group had depurated for their assigned time, 10 were assayed for bacteria, tank water was tested, and 20 pathogen-free bioindicator brook trout were added to cohabit with the remaining mussels. Deputation was considered successful if A. salmonicida was not isolated from tank water or the mussels, and there was no infection or mortality to bioindicator fish. After I day of deputation, A. salmonicida was not isolated from the soft tissues; however, it was isolated from one of the paired fluids (10% prevalence). The tank water tested positive, and the bioindicator fish became infected and died. From the 5-day depuration group, A. salmonicida was not isolated from soft tissues, but was isolated from three fluids (30%; mean = 1.56 x 10(2) cfu/mL). Tank water from the 5-day group was negative, and there was no mortality among the bioindicator fish. However, A. salmonicida was isolated from 2 of 20 fish at the end of the 14-day observation period. One F. ebena fluid sample was positive for A. salmonicida from the 10-day depuration group, but none of the soft tissue homogenates. The pathogen was not isolated from 10-day tank water, but there was a 30% cumulative mortality to the bioindicator fish. Aeromonas salmonicida was not isolated from any of the soft tissue homogenates, fluids or tank water from the 15 day or 30 day depuration groups, and the bioindicator fish remained pathogen- and disease-free. Study results showed that the F. ebena were harboring a high A. salmonicida cell load going into deputation, but at 15 days and beyond, the pathogen had been depurated to the extent that the mussels did not serve as pathogen vectors. C1 USGS, BRD, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Starliper, CE (reprint author), USGS, BRD, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cliff_starliper@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHAMPTON, NY 11968 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 573 EP 578 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 957KE UT WOS:000231367900031 ER PT J AU Gibson, DJ Middleton, BA Foster, K Honu, YAK Hoyer, EW Mathis, M AF Gibson, DJ Middleton, BA Foster, K Honu, YAK Hoyer, EW Mathis, M TI Species frequency dynamics in an old-field succession: Effects of disturbance, fertilization and scale SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE core-satellite species hypothesis; exotic species; seed bank; species frequency distribution; species richness; succession ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; DIVERSITY; RICHNESS; CORE; HYPOTHESIS; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; PLANTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; COMMUNITIES AB Question: Can patterns of species frequency in an old-field be explained within the context of a metapopulation model? Are the patterns observed related to time, spatial scale, disturbance, and nutrient availability? Location: Upland and lowland old-fields in Illinois, USA. Method: Species richness was recorded annually for seven years following plowing of an upland and lowland old-field subject to crossed fertilizer and disturbance treatments (mowing and rototilling). Species occupancy distributions were assessed with respect to the numbers of core and satellite species. Results: In both fields, species richness became higher in disturbed plots than in undisturbed plots over time, and decreased in fertilized plots irrespective of time. A bimodal pattern of species richness consistent with the Core-satellite species (CSS) hypothesis occurred in the initial seed bank and through the course of early succession. The identity of native and exotic core species (those present in > 90% of blocks) changed with time. Some core species from the seed bank became core species in the vegetation, albeit after several years. At the scale of individual plots, a bimodal fit consistent with the CSS hypothesis applied only in year I and rarely thereafter. Conclusions: The CSS hypothesis provides a metapopulation perspective for understanding patterns of species richness but requires the assessment of spatial and temporal scaling effects. Regional processes (e.g. propagule availability) at the largest scale have the greatest impact influencing community structure during early secondary succession. Local processes (e.g., disturbance and soil nutrients) are more important at smaller scales and place constraints on species establishment and community structure of both native and exotic species. Under the highest intensity of disturbance, exotic species may be able to use resources unavailable to, or unused by, native species. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USGS, Natl Wetland Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Howard Payne Univ, Dept Biol, Brownwood, TX 76801 USA. RP Gibson, DJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM dgibson@plant.siu.edu; beth_middleton@usgs.gov; kari_m_foster@hotmail.com; yakhonu@yahoo.com; ewhoyer@hotmail.com; mmathis@hputx.edu NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 33 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI GRANGARDE PA GAMLA VAGEN 40, S-770 13 GRANGARDE, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 16 IS 4 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1658/1100-9233(2005)016[0415:SFDIAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 972MD UT WOS:000232457000007 ER PT J AU King, SL Antrobus, TJ AF King, SL Antrobus, TJ TI Relationships between gap makers and gap fillers in an Arkansas floodplain forest SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE canopy gap; floodplain forest; forest succession; forested wetland; Markov transition probabilities ID BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FOREST; QUERCUS-MICHAUXII REGENERATION; CANOPY DISTURBANCE PATTERNS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; CACHE RIVER BASIN; UNITED-STATES; TEXAS FOREST; DYNAMICS; USA; VEGETATION AB Question: In floodplain forests, does frequent flooding allow for self-replacement of shade-intolerant tree species or do small canopy gap openings lead to replacement by shade-tolerant tree species? Location: Cache River, Arkansas, US; 55 m a.s.l. Methods: The species, diameter-at-breast height, and elevation of primary gap-maker trees were determined for new gaps from 1995-1998. The size and species of gap-filler trees were identified and placed into three classes: definitive, edge, or interior. Transition probabilities were determined. Results: The dominant shade-intolerant species Quercus texana is being replaced primarily by the more shadetolerant A. rubrum var. drunnnondii, Fraxinus spp. and Uhnus americana. Only 20 of 2767 gap fillers were Q. texana. Replacement probabilities are not constant across elevations. however, as the least shade-tolerant of the three most common species of definitive gap fillers, Fraxinus spp., occurred at lower elevations than A. rubrum? var. drunnnondii, and U. americana. Conclusions: The contention that frequent flooding would allow for self-replacement of shade-intolerant species was only partially supported. The small canopy gaps undoubtedly influenced canopy replacement processes. C1 USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP King, SL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, USGS Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM sking16@lsu.edu NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI GRANGARDE PA GAMLA VAGEN 40, S-770 13 GRANGARDE, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 16 IS 4 BP 471 EP 478 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02387.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 972MD UT WOS:000232457000013 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Bukry, D Dean, WE AF Barron, JA Bukry, D Dean, WE TI Paleoceanographic history of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, during the past 15,000 years based on diatoms, silicoflagellates, and biogenic sediments SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Holocene; El Nino; Gulf of California; upwelling; diatoms; silicoflagellates; opal ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; RECORD; PALEOCLIMATE; MIDHOLOCENE; CIRCULATION; PLANKTON AB High-resolution records of calcium carbonate, biogenic opal, diatoms, and silicoflagellates from western Guaymas Basin gravity core GGC55 and piston core JPC56 and eastern Guaymas Basin DSDP Site 480 reveal a complex paleoceanographic history of the central Gulf of California during the past 15,000 years. Prior to similar to 6.2 ka, the eastern and western Guaymas Basin proxy records were remarkably similar. After conditions similar to those of today during the Bolling-Allerod, the Younger Dryas (YD) saw a major drop in diatom production, coincident with increased calcium carbonate and tropical microfossils suggestive of El Nino-like conditions. Biosiliceous productivity began increasing during the latter part of the YD, but it was only daring the earliest Holocene (11.6 to 11.0 ka) that conditions similar to those of the Bolling-Allerod returned to the central Gulf Between around 11.0 and 6.2 ka, tropical diatoms and silicoflagellates were virtually absent from the central Gulf, as relatively cooler and fresher surface waters resembling those of the modem northern Gulf were present in the central Gulf. Beginning at about 6.2 ka, tropical diatoms and silicollagellates began increasing in the central Gulf, and coccoliths returned to western Gulf sediments. The onset of modem-day monsoon conditions in the American Southwest required the presence of warm SSTs in the northern Gulf, which probably did not occur until after about 5.4 ka, when tropical diatoms and silicoflagellates became relatively common in the central Gulf. Modem east-west contrasts, which arise from late winter-early spring coastal upwelling on the mainland side and lower diatom productivity on the western side of the Gulf, commenced between 6.2 and 5.4 ka, possibly due to a shift in the direction of late winter-early spring winds more towards the southeast, or down the axis of the Gulf This proposed wind shift might have ultimately been due to a late Holocene strengthening of ENSO-like conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Barron, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jbarron@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 56 IS 3-4 BP 81 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2005.04.001 PG 22 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 952XG UT WOS:000231038800001 ER PT J AU Abessa, DMS Carr, RS Rachid, BRF Sousa, ECPM Hortellani, MA Sarkis, JE AF Abessa, DMS Carr, RS Rachid, BRF Sousa, ECPM Hortellani, MA Sarkis, JE TI Influence of a Brazilian sewage outfall on the toxicity and contamination of adjacent sediments SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE sewage; sediments; toxicity; marine pollution; Santos; sewage outfall ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; WASTE-WATER; DIGESTION; SULFONATE; METALS; AGENTS AB The submarine sewage outfall of Santos (SSOS) is situated in the Santos Bay (Sao Paulo, Brazil) and is potentially a significant source of contaminants to the adjacent marine ecosystem. The present study aimed to assess the influence of SSOS on the sediment toxicity and contamination at Santos Bay. At the disposal site, sediments tended to be finer, organically richer and exhibited higher levels of surfactants and metals, sometimes exceeding the "Threshold Effect Level" values. The SSOS influence was more evident toward the East, where the sediments exhibited higher levels of TOC, total S and metals during the summer 2000 sampling campaign. Sediment toxicity to amphipods was consistently detected in four of the five stations studied. Amphipod survival tended to correlate negatively to Hg, total N and % mud. This work provides evidence that the SSOS discharge affects the quality of sediments from Santos Bay, and that control procedures are warranted. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Estadual Paulista, BR-01133090 Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. US Geol Survey, TAMU, CC, Ctr Coastal Studies,NRC, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. IPEN, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Litoral Paulista,Praca Infante Don Henriqu, BR-01133090 Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil. EM dmabessa@csv.unesp.br RI Sarkis, Jorge Eduardo/D-5266-2012; Hortellani, Marcos/E-2241-2012; de Sousa, Eduinetty /D-2831-2015; Abessa, Denis/D-6507-2014 OI Sarkis, Jorge Eduardo/0000-0002-6745-8185; Hortellani, Marcos/0000-0003-3364-0648; Abessa, Denis/0000-0003-4609-1668 NR 53 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 50 IS 8 BP 875 EP 885 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.02.034 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 965BF UT WOS:000231924000020 PM 16115504 ER PT J AU Hemming, JM Brown, JM Brim, M Jarvis, R AF Hemming, JM Brown, JM Brim, M Jarvis, R TI Sediment quality survey of the Choctawhatchee Bay system in the Florida panhandle SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; PHENOXY HERBICIDES; UNITED-STATES; LAKE-ONTARIO; AMBIENT AIR; EXPOSURE; HYDROCARBONS; COASTAL; RISK C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Ecol Serv, Panama City Field Off, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. Okaloosa Walton Community Coll, Choctawhatchee Basin Alliance, Niceville, FL 32578 USA. RP US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Ecol Serv, Panama City Field Off, 1601 Balboa Ave, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. EM jon_hemming@fws.gov NR 54 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 50 IS 8 BP 889 EP 898 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.05.005 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 965BF UT WOS:000231924000022 PM 15992831 ER PT J AU Jones, KL Krapu, GL Brandt, DA Ashley, MV AF Jones, KL Krapu, GL Brandt, DA Ashley, MV TI Population genetic structure in migratory sandhill cranes and the role of Pleistocene glaciations SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gruidae; isolation by distance; microsatellite DNA; Pleistocene glaciation; population genetics; satellite telemetry ID CONTINENTAL NORTH-AMERICA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; AVIAN POPULATIONS; GRUS-CANADENSIS; RARE ALLELES; ICE AGES; DIFFERENTIATION; SPECIATION; EVOLUTION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AB Previous studies of migratory sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) have made significant progress explaining evolution of this group at the species scale, but have been unsuccessful in explaining the geographically partitioned variation in morphology seen on the population scale. The objectives of this study were to assess the population structure and gene flow patterns among migratory sandhill cranes using microsatellite DNA genotypes and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of a large sample of individuals across three populations. In particular, we were interested in evaluating the roles of Pleistocene glaciation events and postglaciation gene flow in shaping the present-day population structure. Our results indicate substantial gene flow across regions of the Midcontinental population that are geographically adjacent, suggesting that gene flow for most of the region follows an isolation-by-distance model. Male-mediated gene flow and strong female philopatry may explain the differing patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial variation. Taken in context with precise geographical information on breeding locations, the morphologic and microsatellite DNA variation shows a gradation from the Arctic-nesting subspecies G. c. canadensis to the nonArctic subspecies G. c. tabida. Analogous to other Arctic-nesting birds, it is probable that the population structure seen in Midcontinental sandhill cranes reflects the result of postglacial secondary contact. Our data suggest that subspecies of migratory sandhills experience significant gene flow and therefore do not represent distinct and independent genetic entities. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci MC 066, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USGS, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Jones, KL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, 264 Chalmers Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM KenJones@ksu.edu NR 82 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 14 IS 9 BP 2645 EP 2657 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02622.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 946LL UT WOS:000230573600003 PM 16029467 ER PT J AU Sakaris, PC Jesien, RV AF Sakaris, PC Jesien, RV TI Retention of surgically implanted ultrasonic transmitters in the brown bullhead catfish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHANNEL CATFISH; TRANSINTESTINAL EXPULSION; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; DUMMY TRANSMITTERS; SURGERY PROCEDURES; HABITAT USE; MOVEMENT; BASS; LAKE AB Our objective was to compare the ability of brown bullheads Ameiurus nebulosus to tolerate the implantation of ultrasonic transmitters with different coatings. A total of 14 brown bullheads were surgically implanted with ultrasonic transmitters; 7 transmitters were coated with paraffin wax and 7 with Scotchcast, an inert epoxy resin. Six brown bullheads were held as controls with no surgical procedures. Fish were held for 75 d in a flow-through, gravity-filtered series of tanks and monitored for transmitter expulsion, growth (i.e., percent relative weight change), condition (i.e., relative weight), and mortality. All fish with paraffin-coated implants retained their transmitters for the duration of the experiment, whereas two fish with Scotchcast implants expelled their transmitters within 50 d. All fish in the experiment survived, and the implanted fish exhibited growth and condition similar to those of the controls. On the basis of these results, we conclude that brown bullheads tolerate implantation of paraffin-coated transmitters and this attachment method may be used for brown bullheads in telemetric field studies. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Sakaris, PC (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM sakarpe@auburn.edu NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 822 EP 826 DI 10.1577/M04-079.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 956YT UT WOS:000231336800008 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Spencer, AB AF Miranda, LE Spencer, AB TI Understanding the output of a Smith-Root GPP electrofisher SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material AB There is confusion among biologists about the use of the percent of range control in the GPP series of Smith-Root electrofishers. We evaluated the output of a GPP 7.5 electrotisher to examine how adjustments to the percent of range control affect voltage, pulse width, duty cycle, and waveform. We found that contrary to how most users interpret the labels on the GPP unit, adjustments to the percent of range control are linked only indirectly to changes in peak voltage. Suggestions for dealing with the restrictions of the GPP units are offered. C1 US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 848 EP 852 DI 10.1577/M04-155.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 956YT UT WOS:000231336800011 ER PT J AU Haeseker, SL Peterman, RM Su, ZM Wood, CC AF Haeseker, SL Peterman, RM Su, ZM Wood, CC TI Retrospective evaluation of preseason forecasting models for pink salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; SURVIVAL RATES; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; SPATIAL COVARIATION; BIAS CORRECTION; BRISTOL BAY; PRODUCTIVITY; PATTERNS; STOCKS AB Models for making preseason forecasts of adult abundance are an important component of the management of many stocks of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. Reliable forecasts could increase both the profits from fisheries and the probability of achieving conservation and other management targets. However, the predictive performance of salmon forecasting models is generally poor, in part because of the high variability in salmon survival rates. To improve the accuracy of forecasts, we retrospectively evaluated the performance of eight preseason forecasting models for 43 stocks of pink salmon O. gorbuscha over a total of 783 stock-years. The results indicate that no single forecasting model was consistently the most accurate. Nevertheless, across the 43 stocks we found that two naive time series models (i.e., those without explicitly modeled mechanisms) most frequently performed best based on mean raw error, mean absolute error, mean percent error, and root mean square error for forecasts of total adult recruits. In many cases, though, the best-performing model depended on the stock and performance measure used for ranking. In 21% of the stocks, a new multistock, mixed-effects stock-recruitment model that included early-summer sea surface temperature as an independent variable along with spawner abundance demonstrated the best performance based on root mean square error. The best-performing model for each pink salmon stock explained on average only 20% of the observed variation in recruitment. Owing to the uncertainty in forecasts, a strong precautionary approach should be taken to achieve conservation and management targets for pink salmon on the West Coast of North America. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. RP Haeseker, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fishery Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM steve_haeseker@fws.gov NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 897 EP 918 DI 10.1577/M04-085.1 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 956YT UT WOS:000231336800017 ER PT J AU Sigourney, DB Horton, GE Dubreuil, TL Varaday, AM Letcher, BH AF Sigourney, DB Horton, GE Dubreuil, TL Varaday, AM Letcher, BH TI Electroshocking and PIT tagging of juvenile Atlantic salmon: Are there interactive effects on growth and survival? SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BROWN TROUT; STREAM; FISH; MORTALITY; BROOK; SIZE; TAG AB Electroshocking and tagging of fish with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags are two commonly used methods for conducting mark-recapture studies in freshwater environments and are frequently used in combination. We conducted an experiment to test for the effects of electroshocking, tagging, and a combination of electroshocking plus tagging on the growth and survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr. We used five treatments that included the presence or absence of PIT tags and electroshocking at 300 or 500 V plus a control group. Fish were measured, weighed, and electroshocked on four occasions separated by approximately 2-month intervals. The average (+/- 1 SD) fork length was 62.1 +/- 1.9 mm and the average weight was 2.5 +/- 0.3 g at the start of the experiment; at the end of the experiment, length averaged 120.5 +/- 11.6 mm and weight averaged 20.9 +/- 6.1 g. We did not detect any significant effects of electroshocking on growth or survival over the course of the experiment. However, there was evidence that tagging negatively influenced survival over the first interval after initial tagging and that survival was positively correlated with fish size. In addition, tagged fish seemed to suffer a minor depression in growth over the first interval, although differences in size among tagged and untagged fish were nonsignificant throughout the course of the experiment. We suggest that the size at tagging may have a greater effect on survival and growth of small (< 80-mm) Atlantic salmon parr than the amount of exposure to electroshocking. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Sigourney, DB (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dsigourn@forwild.umass.edu NR 26 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 1016 EP 1021 DI 10.1577/M04-075.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 956YT UT WOS:000231336800026 ER PT J AU Barrineau, CE Hubert, WA Dey, PD Annear, TC AF Barrineau, CE Hubert, WA Dey, PD Annear, TC TI Winter ice processes and pool habitat associated with two types of constructed instream structures SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; CUTTHROAT TROUT; BROOK TROUT; BULL TROUT; STREAM; MOVEMENTS; FALL; RIVER; TEMPERATURE; ALBERTA AB There is little information on the winter features of salmonid habitats associated with constructed instream structures to provide guidance when planning habitat improvement projects. We assessed winter habitat features for trout of the genera Oncorhynchus and Salvelinus in pools associated with two types of instream structures constructed on a low-gradient reach of a mountain stream in western Wyoming with a mean wetted width of 6.4 in. Pool habitat was affected by temporal variability in ice formations from fall into winter. As surface ice and snow accumulated with the progression of winter, variation in ice formations was less frequent and winter habitat conditions became more stable. However, groundwater inflow that maintained water temperatures at 0.2-0.6 degrees C in a portion of the study reach appeared to contribute to incomplete surface ice cover and variation in ice formations in pools through most of the winter. Hanging dams and anchor ice dams were the primary ice features that affected winter habitat in pools associated with constructed instream structures. Trout were observed in these pools in the fall but tended to abandon pools with variation in ice formations as winter progressed. The potential impacts of groundwater inflow and winter ice processes on trout habitat in pools associated with instream structures should be considered when planning habitat improvement projects. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Cheyenne, WY 82006 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM whubert@uwyo.edu NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 1022 EP 1033 DI 10.1577/M04-122.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 956YT UT WOS:000231336800027 ER PT J AU Mullner, SA Hubert, WA AF Mullner, SA Hubert, WA TI Low summer water temperatures influence occurrence of naturalized salmonids across a mountain watershed SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID REDUCED INCUBATION TEMPERATURES; STREAM TEMPERATURES; TROUT EMBRYOS; BROWN TROUT; HABITAT; REQUIREMENTS; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL; SIZE AB We investigated relationships between the absence of salmonids and low summer water temperatures across a 150-km(2) Rocky Mountain watershed. A model predicting maximum July water temperature (MJT) from measurements of perennial stream length, wetted width, and midrange basin elevation was developed from temperature data obtained at 20 sites across the watershed. The model was used to predict MJT in 75 reaches across the watershed where salmonids were sampled. The lowest predicted MJT in reaches where age-0 and juvenile-adult brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis were observed was 9 degrees C. The lowest predicted MJT in reaches where age-0 progeny of the genus Oncorhynchus spp. (i.e., rainbow trout O. mykiss or cutthroat trout O. clarkii) were observed was 13 degrees C and where Oncorhynchus spp. adults where observed was 12 degrees C. The probability of occurrence of both age-0 and adult brook trout and Oncorhynchus spp. increased as MJT increased above these thresholds. Our results indicate that low MJT in some portions of a mountain watershed can be related to the absence of salmonids. Consequently, data on MJT may provide managers with a means of assessing where summer water temperatures are not suitable for establishment of naturalized salmonid populations. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM whubert@uwyo.edu NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 1034 EP 1040 DI 10.1577/M04-167.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 956YT UT WOS:000231336800028 ER PT J AU Haddix, T Budy, P AF Haddix, T Budy, P TI Factors that limit growth and abundance of rainbow trout across ecologically distinct areas of Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Utah-Wyoming SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; PREDATION RISK; CASTLE-LAKE; SIZE; FISH; FOOD; PREY; ZOOPLANKTON AB Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss stocked into Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Utah-Wyoming, are thought to be in poor condition and to rarely overwinter. In 2001-2002, we evaluated factors that affect the growth and abundance of rainbow trout, both temporally and spatially, based on a series of field measurements and growth experiments. Based on our field measurements, the growth and condition of rainbow trout in Flaming Gorge Reservoir actually parallel those of rainbow trout of various strains in other systems, and some rainbow trout overwinter as many as 3 years in the reservoir. Overall, rainbow trout appear to be spatially limited by physical factors (e.g., temperature) during only a few isolated times of the year and not in all areas of the reservoir. Although zooplankton were abundant throughout the reservoir, primary and secondary production vary spatially with concordant effects on fish growth and condition. Diet analysis indicated that rainbow trout consume primarily aquatic macroinvertebrates along with some zooplankton and demonstrate an extremely limited switch to piscivory at larger sizes. Rainbow trout reared in net-pens and limited to a diet of zooplankton lost weight in all three areas of the reservoir. In addition, the reservoir supports a large population of trophy lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, which probably affects the abundance of rainbow trout directly through consumption and the growth potential of rainbow trout indirectly through risk-averse behavior. The combination of spatial variation in reservoir productivity and habitat type, differing stocking strategies, and behavioral responses caused by predators appears to determine the varying success of stocked rainbow trout in the different areas of the reservoir. Our study suggests that stocking strategies may be most effective when specific characteristics of the prey and predator base, the suitability of different habitats, and the genetic strain are explicitly evaluated within the context of the targeted angler population. C1 Utah State Univ, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84332 USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, US Geol Survey, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84332 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 56 TC 14 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 1082 EP 1094 DI 10.1577/M04-157.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 956YT UT WOS:000231336800033 ER PT J AU Trexler, JC Loftus, WF Perry, S AF Trexler, JC Loftus, WF Perry, S TI Disturbance frequency and community structure in a twenty-five year intervention study SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BACI; community regulation; disturbance; hydroperiod; succession; wetland ID REJECTION RATES; FISHES; EVERGLADES; ASSEMBLAGES; PATTERNS; CONVERGENCE; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; HABITATS; DYNAMICS AB Models of community regulation commonly incorporate gradients of disturbance inversely related to the role of biotic interactions in regulating intermediate trophic levels. Higher trophic-level organisms are predicted to be more strongly limited by intermediate levels of disturbance than are the organisms they consume. We used a manipulation of the frequency of hydrological disturbance in an intervention analysis to examine its effects on small-fish communities in the Everglades, USA. From 1978 to 2002, we monitored fishes at one long-hydroperiod (average 350 days) and at one short-hydroperiod (average 259 days; monitoring started here in 1985) site. At a third site, managers intervened in 1985 to diminish the frequency and duration of marsh drying. By the late 1990s, the successional dynamics of density and relative abundance at the intervention site converged on those of the long-hydroperiod site. Community change was manifested over 3 to 5 years following a dry-down if a site remained inundated; the number of days since the most recent drying event and length of the preceding dry period were useful for predicting population dynamics. Community dissimilarity was positively correlated with the time since last dry. Community dynamics resulted from change in the relative abundance of three groups of species linked by life-history responses to drought. Drought frequency and intensity covaried in response to hydrological manipulation at the landscape scale; community-level successional dynamics converged on a relatively small range of species compositions when drought return-time extended beyond 4 years. The density of small fishes increased with diminution of drought frequency, consistent with disturbance-limited community structure; less-frequent drying than experienced in this study (i.e., longer return times) yields predator-dominated regulation of small-fish communities in some parts of the Everglades. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, Everglades Natl Pk Field Stn, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. S Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. RP Trexler, JC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM trexlerj@fiu.edu NR 53 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2005 VL 145 IS 1 BP 140 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0094-4 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 963CC UT WOS:000231779500014 PM 16025349 ER PT J AU Wunder, MB Kester, CL Knopf, FL Rye, RO AF Wunder, MB Kester, CL Knopf, FL Rye, RO TI A test of geographic assignment using isotope tracers in feathers of known origin SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE assignment test; feathers; migration; stable isotopes ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; MIGRATORY BIRDS; BREEDING ORIGINS; WINTERING RANGES; HYDROGEN; RATIOS; POPULATIONS; SONGBIRD; CARBON; CONNECTIVITY AB We used feathers of known origin collected from across the breeding range of a migratory shorebird to test the use of isotope tracers for assigning breeding origins. We analyzed delta D, delta C-13, and delta N-15 in feathers from 75 mountain plover (Charadrius montanus) chicks sampled in 2001 and from 119 chicks sampled in 2002. We estimated parameters for continuous-response inverse regression models and for discrete-response Bayesian probability models from data for each year independently. We evaluated model predictions with both the training data and by using the alternate year as an independent test dataset. Our results provide weak support for modeling latitude and isotope values as monotonic functions of one another, especially when data are pooled over known sources of variation such as sample year or location. We were unable to make even qualitative statements, such as north versus south, about the likely origin of birds using both delta D and delta C-13 in inverse regression models; results were no better than random assignment. Probability models provided better results and a more natural framework for the problem. Correct assignment rates were highest when considering all three isotopes in the probability framework, but the use of even a single isotope was better than random assignment. The method appears relatively robust to temporal effects and is most sensitive to the isotope discrimination gradients over which samples are taken. We offer that the problem of using isotope tracers to infer geographic origin is best framed as one of assignment, rather than prediction. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Stable Isotope Lab, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wunder, MB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM michael.wunder@colostate.edu NR 38 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2005 VL 144 IS 4 BP 607 EP 617 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0071-y PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 959SG UT WOS:000231539000011 PM 15891836 ER PT J AU Parsons, JL Hellgren, EC Jorgensen, EE Leslie, DM AF Parsons, JL Hellgren, EC Jorgensen, EE Leslie, DM TI Neonatal growth and survival of rodents in response to variation in maternal dietary nitrogen: life history strategy vs dietary niche SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID RATS SIGMODON-HISPIDUS; COTTON RATS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; REPRODUCTION; FOOD; REQUIREMENTS; ECOSYSTEM; ECOLOGY; PRAIRIE AB Nitrogen (N) enrichment of terrestrial ecosystems dramatically changes ecosystem diversity and structure of plant communities. Research designed to elucidate effects of nitrogen addition on mammalian assemblages is rare. We investigated nitrogen requirements of hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and fulvous harvest mice (Reithrodontomys fulvescens), small mammals native to the tallgrass prairie of the southern Great Plains, USA, to better understand population responses of these species to nitrogen enrichment. We studied reproductive requirements by measuring growth of offspring under varying levels of dietary nitrogen. We predicted that dietary niche would dictate nitrogen requirements, such that the larger herbivore (S. hispidus) would have a lower dietary need for nitrogen per unit mass than the small omnivore/granivore (R. fulvescens). Reproductive output (measured as mass gain of litters and offspring) was responsive to varying nitrogen in cotton rats but not in harvest mice. Nitrogen intake that supported 50% survival of juvenile harvest mice (1.34% dietary nitrogen) also was adequate for maximum growth (1.29%). Cotton rats potentially drew on maternal nutrient stores to support litter growth at low levels of dietary nitrogen (as low as 1.08%). Overall, nitrogen requirements for maximum reproduction were greater (2.31% dietary nitrogen) for cotton rats. We conclude that life history characteristics and body size constraints rather than dietary niche explain the differential species response to variation in dietary nitrogen. Our results imply that nitrogen enrichment in old-field succession in the southern Great Plains may lead to dominance by cotton rats and a reduction in diversity of the small-mammal assemblage. Consumers with similar abilities to take advantage of increased environmental nitrogen may likewise dominate other ecosystems. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Parsons, JL (reprint author), Memphis Zoo, Conservat & Res Dept, 2000 Prentiss Pl, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. EM jlp418@msstate.edu OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD AUG PY 2005 VL 110 IS 2 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13610.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 925VL UT WOS:000229081300009 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Nichols, JD Kery, M AF Royle, JA Nichols, JD Kery, M TI Modelling occurrence and abundance of species when detection is imperfect SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; POINT COUNTS; ABSENCE; RATES AB Relationships between species abundance and occupancy are of considerable interest in metapopulation biology and in macroecology. Such relationships may be described concisely using probability models that characterize variation in abundance of a species. However, estimation of the parameters of these models in most ecological problems is impaired by imperfect detection. When organisms are detected imperfectly, observed counts are biased estimates of true abundance, and this induces bias in stated occupancy or occurrence probability. In this paper we consider a class of models that enable estimation of abundance/occupancy relationships from counts of organisms that result from surveys in which detection is imperfect. Under such models, parameter estimation and inference are based on conventional likelihood methods. We provide an application of these models to geographically extensive breeding bird survey data in which alternative models of abundance are considered that include factors that influence variation in abundance and detectability. Using these models, we produce estimates of abundance and occupancy maps that honor important sources of spatial variation in avian abundance and provide clearly interpretable characterizations of abundance and occupancy adjusted for imperfect detection. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM andy_royle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 36 TC 151 Z9 157 U1 5 U2 86 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD AUG PY 2005 VL 110 IS 2 BP 353 EP 359 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13534.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 925VL UT WOS:000229081300015 ER PT J AU Gallo, K Reed, B Owen, T Adegoke, J AF Gallo, K Reed, B Owen, T Adegoke, J TI Characteristics of seasonal vegetation cover in the conterminous USA SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; LAND-SURFACE; MODEL; IMPACTS; CLIMATE AB A data set of the fractional green vegetation cover (FGREEN) for the Conterminous USA was evaluated for regional and seasonal variation. The value of FGREEN was derived monthly for the three most dominant land cover classes per 20 km by 20 km grid cell within the study area. At this grid cell resolution (comprised of 400 1-km pixels), 97 percent of the grid cells included three or fewer land cover classes. FGREEN was found to vary regionally due to local land cover and climate variation. FGREEN was found significantly different between one or more of the land cover classes, for one or more months.. in 58 percent of the grid cells included in the study. Monthly FGREEN values for the land cover classes vary sufficiently between the land cover classes to warrant monthly FGREEN data for each of the one to three most dominant land cover classes per grid cell. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geosci, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Gallo, K (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM kevin.p.gallo@noaa.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 8 BP 959 EP 966 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 954BS UT WOS:000231129700009 ER PT J AU Erdik, M Rashidov, T Safak, E Turdukulov, A AF Erdik, M Rashidov, T Safak, E Turdukulov, A TI Assessment of seismic risk in Tashkent, Uzbekistan and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering/3rd International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering CY JAN 07-09, 2004 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley DE Tashkent; Bishkek; earthquake; hazard; urban risk AB The impact of earthquakes in urban centers prone to disastrous earthquakes necessitates the analysis of associated risk for rational formulation of contingency plans and mitigation strategies. In urban centers the seismic risk is best quantified and portrayed through the preparation of 'Earthquake damage and Loss Scenarios'. The components of such scenarios are the assessment of the hazard, inventories and the vulnerabilities of elements at risk. For the development of earthquake risk scenario in Tashkent-Uzbekistan and Bishkek-Kyrgyzstan an approach based on spectral displacements is utilized. This paper will present the important features of a comprehensive study, highlight the methodology, discuss the results and provide insights to the future developments. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 Bogazici Univ, Kandilli Observ & Earthquake Res Inst, Dept Earthquake Engn, TR-81220 Istanbul, Turkey. IMSS, Acad Sci, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. USGS, Pasadena, CA USA. IOS, Acad Sci, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. RP Bogazici Univ, Kandilli Observ & Earthquake Res Inst, Dept Earthquake Engn, TR-81220 Istanbul, Turkey. EM erdik@boun.edu.tr NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-7261 EI 1879-341X J9 SOIL DYN EARTHQ ENG JI Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. PD AUG-OCT PY 2005 VL 25 IS 7-10 SI SI BP 473 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.solidyn.2004.11.002 PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 967CF UT WOS:000232068400002 ER PT J AU Tsai, LY Chen, CF Finkelman, RB AF Tsai, LY Chen, CF Finkelman, RB TI Composition and trace element content of coal in Taiwan SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE trace element; coal ash; petrographic analysis ID GEOCHEMISTRY AB To investigate the trace element contents of local coal, four coal samples were collected from operating mines in NW Taiwan. Detailed petrographic and chemical characterization analyses were then conducted. Analytical results indicate that (1) the samples were high volatile bituminous coal in rank with ash content ranging from 4.2 to 14.4% and with moisture content ranging from 2.7 to 4.6%; (2) the macerals were mostly composed of vitrinite with vitrinite reflectance less than 0.8%; (3) the sample of Wukeng mine has the highest Fe2O3 (29.5%), TI (54.8 ppm), Zn (140 ppm), and As (697 ppm) contents in ash and Hg (2.3 ppm) in the coal. If used properly, these coals should not present health hazards. C1 Natl Cent Univ, Inst Appl Geol, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Tsai, LY (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Appl Geol, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. EM Itsai@geo.ncu.edu.tw NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 641 EP 651 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 985OX UT WOS:000233388800007 ER PT J AU Rosen, DJ Miller, WL AF Rosen, DJ Miller, WL TI The vascular flora of an old-growth Columbia Bottomland forest remnant, Brazoria County, Texas SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A floristic survey of the Dance Bayou Unit, a 263 ha Columbia Bottomland forest stand within the San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, was conducted in order to, provide a checklist of the vascular flora of an old-growth Columbia Bottomland Forest remnant. Collecting trips were made to the refuge unit from November 2001 through September 2004, and resulted in a catalog of 356 species of vascular plants representing 83 families and 237 genera. The four largest families are Poaceae (54 sp.), Asteraccae (35 sp.), Cyperaceac (32 sp.), and Fabaceae (20 sp.). Non native species accounted for 15% (55 sp) of the total flora. Notes on physical and chemical soil properties, as well as forest ecological and physiognomic features are provided. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Victoria, TX 77901 USA. RP Rosen, DJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 17629 El Camino Real,Suite 211, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM david_rosen@fws.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI LUBBOCK PA BOX 43151, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-3151 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 57 IS 3 BP 223 EP 250 PG 28 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 972DY UT WOS:000232435400002 ER PT J AU Eljarah, AH Chandler, JE Chenevert, J Canal, AL Jenkins, JA AF Eljarah, AH Chandler, JE Chenevert, J Canal, AL Jenkins, JA TI Determining bull sperm concentration: A novel design for CASA SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Conference of the Society-for-Theriogenology CY AUG 09-13, 2005 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Theriogenol DE sperm; concentration; hemacytometer; flow cytometry; CASA C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Dairy Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD AUG PY 2005 VL 64 IS 3 SI SI BP 799 EP 799 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 952CZ UT WOS:000230980900056 ER PT J AU Valkiunas, G Anwar, AM Atkinson, CT Greiner, EC Paperna, I Peirce, MA AF Valkiunas, G Anwar, AM Atkinson, CT Greiner, EC Paperna, I Peirce, MA TI What distinguishes malaria parasites from other pigmented haemosporidians? SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID AVIAN MALARIA C1 Vilnius State Univ, Inst Ecol, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, Dept Anim Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. MP Int Consultancy, Bexhill On Sea TN39 3NZ, E Sussex, England. RP Valkiunas, G (reprint author), Vilnius State Univ, Inst Ecol, Akademijos 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM gedvalk@ekoi.lt NR 11 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 21 IS 8 BP 357 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2005.06.005 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 955GC UT WOS:000231212600005 PM 15967726 ER PT J AU Andraski, BJ Stonestrom, DA Michel, RL Halford, KJ Radyk, JC AF Andraski, BJ Stonestrom, DA Michel, RL Halford, KJ Radyk, JC TI Plant-based plume-scale mapping of tritium contamination in desert soils SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER; SITE; VARIABILITY; SYSTEMS; TREES AB Plant-based techniques were tested for field-scale evaluation of tritium contamination adjacent to a low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) facility in the Amargosa Desert, Nevada. Objectives were to (i) characterize and map the spatial variability of tritium in plant water, (ii) develop empirical relations to predict and map subsurface contamination from plant-water concentrations, and (iii) gain insight into tritium migration pathways and processes. Plant sampling [creosote bush, Larrea (Sesse & Moc. ex DC.) Coville] required one-fifth the time of soil water vapor sampling. Plant concentrations were spatially correlated to a separation distance of 380 m; measurement uncertainty accounted for <0.1% of the total variability in the data. Regression equations based on plant tritium explained 96 and 90% of the variation in root-zone and sub-root-zone soil water vapor concentrations, respectively. The equations were combined with kriged plant-water concentrations to map subsurface contamination. Mapping showed lateral movement of tritium through a dry, coarse-textured layer beneath the root zone, with concurrent upward movement the root zone. Analysis of subsurface fluxes along a transect perpendicular to the LLRW facility showed that upward diffusive-vapor transport dominates other transport modes beneath native vegetation. Downward advective-liquid transport dominates at one endpoint of the transect, beneath a devegetated road immediately adjacent to the facility. To our knowledge, this study is the first to document large-scale subsurface vapor-phase tritium migration from a LLRW facility. Plant-based methods provide a noninvasive, cost-effective approach to mapping subsurface tritium migration in desert areas. C1 US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Andraski, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 333 W Nye Lane,Suite 203, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. EM andraski@usgs.gov RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 819 EP 827 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0052 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 957GS UT WOS:000231358400024 ER PT J AU Castiglione, P Shouse, PJ Mohanty, B Hudson, D van Genuchten, MT AF Castiglione, P Shouse, PJ Mohanty, B Hudson, D van Genuchten, MT TI Improved tension infiltrometer for measuring low fluid flow rates in unsaturated fractured rock SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YUCCA MOUNTAIN; SOIL; MACROPOROSITY; INFILTRATION; WATER AB The search for a permanent storage facility for the geological disposal of high-level nuclear waste has motivated extensive research during the past several decades to characterize and predict fluid flow into and through unsaturated fractured rock. Tension infiltrometer experiments are extremely useful to investigate infiltration into fracture networks, but are difficult to perform using commercially available equipment developed mostly for soils. Our objective was to develop tension infiltrometer suited for accurate measurements of infiltration into fractured rock at very low flow rates and for long equilibration times. We constructed several prototype instruments from porous stainless-steel membrane, stainless-steel casing, acrylic tubing, several temperature-compensated pressure transducers, solenoid valves, and a data logger for automated control and data acquisition. An automated refill system was also developed to facilitate long unattended equilibration periods typical in infiltration experiments on unsaturated fractured rock. Results show that the improved design reduces temperature effects on the infiltration rate, allows for much longer periods of unattended operation (auto-refill), and reduces evaporation from the The estimated upper flow-rate limit of our new infiltrometer is about 1 mm d(-1), based on the conductance of the porous steel membrane (11 mm d(-1)). We were able to make measurements of the fluid flux as low as 10 mm yr(-1) at a pressure head of about -110 cm. C1 ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Montana State Univ, Land Resources & Environm Sci Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Geol Survey, Las Vegas, NV 89134 USA. RP Shouse, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM pshouse@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 885 EP 890 DI 10.2136/vzj2004.0135 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 957GS UT WOS:000231358400031 ER PT J AU Hagstrum, JT AF Hagstrum, JT TI Antipodal hotspots and bipolar catastrophes: Were oceanic large-body impacts the cause? SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hotspots; large igneous provinces; large-body impacts; antipodal focusing of seismic energy; global mass extinctions ID INDIAN-OCEAN; UPPER-MANTLE; MASS EXTINCTIONS; FLOOD VOLCANISM; PACIFIC; PLUMES; CONVECTION; RIDGE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; BOUNDARY AB One aspect of the hotspot distribution that has received little attention is its antipodal character. Of 45 'primary' hotspots found in most hotspot compilations 22 (49%) form antipodal pairs within observed hotspot drift limits (<= 20 mm/yr). In addition, the available ages, or possible age ranges, for both hotspots of an antipodal pair tend to be similar (<= 10 Myr difference) or overlap. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the antipodal primary hotspots' locations and ages are not due to chance at the > 99% confidence level (p < 0.01). All hotspot pairs include at least one oceanic hotspot, and these are consistently opposite those hotspots related to large igneous provinces (LIPs) and continental volcanism. A mechanism of formation is considered in which minor hotspot volcanism is induced at, and flood basalt volcanism is triggered by seismic energy focused antipodal to, oceanic large-body impact sites. Because continental impacts are expected to have lower seismic efficiencies, continents possibly acted as shields to the formation of antipodal hotspot pairs. Published numerical models indicate that large oceanic impacts (10-km-diameter bolide) generate megatsunami capable of altering coastal depositional environments on a global scale. Past impact-generated megatsunami, consequently, could have left widespread stratigraphic records, possibly misinterpreted as indicating large rapid changes in eustatic sea level, and widely disrupted continental and marine sediment reservoirs responsible for abrupt changes in the isotopic composition of seawater. Phanerozoic mass extinction events, therefore, might have resulted primarily from catastrophic megatsunami in a dominantly oceanic hemisphere and the near contemporaneous effusion of vast quantities of noxious gases from flood basalt eruptions in a dominantly continental one. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hagstrum, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhag@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2005 VL 236 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.020 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 958GM UT WOS:000231432700002 ER PT J AU Xian, G Crane, M AF Xian, G Crane, M TI Assessments of urban growth in the Tampa Bay watershed using remote sensing data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE urban; remote sensing; watershed; impervious surface; model ID CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL; LAND-USE CHANGE; METROPOLITAN-AREA; SAN-FRANCISCO; COVER CHANGES; SENSED DATA; URBANIZATION; SATELLITE; IMAGERY; PREDICTION AB Urban development has expanded rapidly in the Tampa Bay area of west-central Florida over the past century. A major effect associated with this population trend is transformation of the landscape from natural cover types to increasingly impervious urban land. This research utilizes an innovative approach for mapping urban extent and its changes through determining impervious surfaces from Landsat satellite remote sensing data. By 2002, areas with subpixel impervious surface greater than 10% accounted for approximately 1800 km(2), or 27 percent of the total watershed area. The impervious surface area increases approximately three-fold from 1991 to 2002. The resulting imperviousness data are used with a defined suite of geospatial data sets to simulate historical urban development and predict future urban and suburban extent, density, and growth patterns using SLEUTH model. Also examined is the increasingly important influence that urbanization and its associated imperviousness extent have on the individual drainage basins of the Tampa Bay watershed. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 SAIC, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. USGS, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), SAIC, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xian@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 127 Z9 157 U1 6 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL 30 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 203 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.04.017 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 955NM UT WOS:000231232700005 ER PT J AU Christensen, PR McSween, HY Bandfield, JL Ruff, SW Rogers, AD Hamilton, VE Gorelick, N Wyatt, MB Jakosky, BM Kieffer, HH Malin, MC Moersch, JE AF Christensen, PR McSween, HY Bandfield, JL Ruff, SW Rogers, AD Hamilton, VE Gorelick, N Wyatt, MB Jakosky, BM Kieffer, HH Malin, MC Moersch, JE TI Evidence for magmatic evolution and diversity on Mars from infrared observations SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; MINI-TES EXPERIMENT; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; GUSEV CRATER; MARTIAN SURFACE; SPIRIT ROVER; SPECTRAL EVIDENCE; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SNC METEORITES; MGS-TES AB Compositional mapping of Mars at the 100-metre scale with the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) has revealed a wide diversity of igneous materials. Volcanic evolution produced compositions from low-silica basalts to high-silica dacite in the Syrtis Major caldera. The existence of dacite demonstrates that highly evolved lavas have been produced, at least locally, by magma evolution through fractional crystallization. Olivine basalts are observed on crater floors and in layers exposed in canyon walls up to 4.5 km beneath the surface. This vertical distribution suggests that olivine-rich lavas were emplaced at various times throughout the formation of the upper crust, with their growing inventory suggesting that such ultramafic (picritic) basalts may be relatively common. Quartz-bearing granitoid rocks have also been discovered, demonstrating that extreme differentiation has occurred. These observations show that the martian crust, while dominated by basalt, contains a diversity of igneous materials whose range in composition from picritic basalts to granitoids rivals that found on the Earth. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89703 USA. Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92191 USA. RP Christensen, PR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM phil.christensen@asu.edu RI Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010; Rogers, Deanne/I-9737-2016 OI Rogers, Deanne/0000-0002-4671-2551 NR 49 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 6 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 28 PY 2005 VL 436 IS 7050 BP 504 EP 509 DI 10.1038/nature03639 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 949LE UT WOS:000230788800051 PM 16007077 ER PT J AU Cloern, JE Schraga, TS Lopez, CB Knowles, N Labiosa, RG Dugdale, R AF Cloern, JE Schraga, TS Lopez, CB Knowles, N Labiosa, RG Dugdale, R TI Climate anomalies generate an exceptional dinoflagellate bloom in San Francisco Bay SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPLANKTON; CALIFORNIA AB We describe a large dinoflagellate bloom, unprecedented in nearly three decades of observation, that developed in San Francisco Bay (SFB) during September 2004. SFB is highly enriched in nutrients but has low summer-autumn algal biomass because wind stress and tidally induced bottom stress produce a well mixed and light-limited pelagic habitat. The bloom coincided with calm winds and record high air temperatures that stratified the water column and suppressed mixing long enough for motile dinoflagellates to grow and accumulate in surface waters. This event-scale climate pattern, produced by an upper-atmosphere high-pressure anomaly off the U. S. west coast, followed a summer of weak coastal upwelling and high dinoflagellate biomass in coastal waters that apparently seeded the SFB bloom. This event suggests that some red tides are responses to changes in local physical dynamics that are driven by large-scale atmospheric processes and operate over both the event scale of biomass growth and the antecedent seasonal scale that shapes the bloom community. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Cloern, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jecloern@usgs.gov; tschraga@usgs.gov; cblopez@usgs.gov; nknowles@usgs.gov; jahajey@pangea.stanford.edu; rdugdale@sfsu.edu RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; OI Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 15 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 14 AR L14608 DI 10.1029/2005GL023321 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 951GE UT WOS:000230916600010 ER PT J AU Warwick, PD Ruppert, LF AF Warwick, PD Ruppert, LF TI TSOP Twentieth Anniversary Meeting, Washington DC area, 2003 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Warwick, PD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM pwarwick@usgs.gov; lruppert@usgs.gov OI Warwick, Peter/0000-0002-3152-7783; Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.001 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 950OS UT WOS:000230867400001 ER PT J AU Stanton, RW Warwick, PD Swanson, SA AF Stanton, RW Warwick, PD Swanson, SA TI Tar yields from low-temperature carbonization of coal facies from the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Organic-Petrology (TSOP) CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Arlington, VA SP Geol Survey, Energy Inst, Penn State Univ DE coal; tar yield; low-temperature carbonization; maceral; Powder River Basin ID LIQUEFACTION BEHAVIOR; PETROGRAPHIC COMPOSITION; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; FLUORESCENCE; DEPENDENCE; PYROLYSIS; RANK AB Tar yields from low-temperature carbonization correlate with the amount of crypto-eugelinite in samples selected to represent petrographically distinct coal facies of the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone. Tar yields from Fischer Assay range from < 1 to 11 wt.% on a dry basis and correspond (r=0.72) to crypto-eugelinite contents of the coal that range from 15 to 60 vol.%. Core and highwall samples were obtained from active surface mines in the Gillette field, Powder River Basin, Wyoming. Because the rank of the samples is essentially the same, differences in low-temperature carbonization yields are interpreted from compositional differences, particularly the crypto-eugelinite content. In the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone, crypto-eugelinite probably was derived from degraded humic matter which absorbed decomposition products from algae, fungi, bacteria, and liptinitic plant parts (materials possibly high in hydrogen). Previous modeling of the distribution of crypto-eugelinite in the discontinuous Wyodak-Anderson coal zone indicated that tar yields should be greater from coal composing the upper part and interior areas than from coal composing the lower parts and margins of the individual coal bodies. It is possible that hydrocarbon yields from natural coalification processes would be similar to yields obtained from laboratory pyrolysis. If so, the amount of crypto-eugelinite may also be an important characteristic when evaluating coal as source rock for migrated hydrocarbons. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 913, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Warwick, PD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM pwarwick@usgs.gov; smswanson@usgs.gov OI Warwick, Peter/0000-0002-3152-7783 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.002 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 950OS UT WOS:000230867400002 ER PT J AU Ruppert, LF Hower, JC Eble, CF AF Ruppert, LF Hower, JC Eble, CF TI Arsenic-bearing pyrite and marcasite in the Fire Clay coal bed, Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, eastern Kentucky SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Organic-Petrology (TSOP) CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Arlington, VA SP Geol Survey, Energy Inst, Penn State Univ DE arsenic; pyrite; marcasite; coal; Fire Clay coal zone; Appalachian Basin; Kentucky ID POND CREEK; FIELD; ASH AB Arsenic concentrations determined on I I lithotype samples from the Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Group Fire Clay coal bed, Leslie County, KY, range from I to 418 ppm (whole coal basis). The I I lithotype samples, which vary in thickness from 4 to 18 cm, were sampled from a continuous 1.38 m channel sample, and were selected based on megascopic appearance (vitrain-rich versus attrital-rich). A lithotype that contains 418 ppm As is located near the top of the coal bed and is composed of 10.5 cm of bright clarain bands containing fusain that, within short distances, grade laterally into Fe sulfide bands. To determine the mode of occurrence of As in this lithotype, the coal was examined with scanning electron microscopy and analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Massive, framboidal, cell filling, cell-wall replacement, and radiating forms of Fe sulfide were observed in the high As lithotype; many of the radiating Fe sulfide forms, and one of the cell-wall replacements contained As. Examination of the grains with optical light microscopy shows that the majority of radiating morphologies are pyrite, the remainder are marcasite. Selected Fe sulfide grains were also analyzed by electron microprobe microscopy. Arsenic concentrations within individual grains range from 0.0 wt.% to approximately 3.5 wt.%. On the basis of morphology, these Fe sulfides are presumed to be of syngenetic origin and would probably be removed from the coal during physical coal cleaning, thus eliminating a potential source of As from the coal combustion process. However, because the grains are radiating and have high surface area, dissolution and release of As could occur if the pyrite is oxidized in refuse ponds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. Kentucky Geol Surv, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Ruppert, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM lruppert@usgs.gov OI Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061 NR 36 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.003 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 950OS UT WOS:000230867400003 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC Warwick, PD Gonzalez, E AF Hackley, PC Warwick, PD Gonzalez, E TI Petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of mined coals, western Venezuela SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Organic-Petrology (TSOP) CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Arlington, VA SP Geol Survey, Energy Inst, Penn State Univ DE coal; Venezuela; petrography; geochemistry; mineralogy; macerals ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; PARAMETERS; COALFIELD; DISTRICT; DENSITY; SAMPLES; CHINA; SPAIN; BASIN; MODE AB Upper Paleocene to middle Miocene coal samples collected from active mines in the western Venezuelan States of Tachira, Merida and Zulia have been characterized through an integrated geochemical, mineralogical and petrographic investigation. Proximate, ultimate, calorific and forms of sulfur values, major and trace element. vitrinite reflectance. maceral concentrations and mineral matter content have been determined for 16 channel samples from 14 mines. Ash yield generally is low, ranging from < I to 17 wt.% (mean= 5 wt.%) on a dry basis (db). Total sulfur content is low to moderate, ranging from I to 6 wt.%, db (average= 1.7 wt.%). Calorific value ranges from 25.21 to 37.21 MJ/kg (10,840 16,000 Btu, lb) oil a moist, mineral-matter-free basis (average=33.25 MJ/kg, 14,300 Btu/lb), placing most of the coal samples in the apparent rank classification of high-volatile bituminous. Most of the coal samples exhibit favorable characteristics oil the various indices developed to predict combustion and coking behavior and concentrations of possible environmentally sensitive elements (As, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Th and U) generally are similar to the concentrations of these elements in most coals of the world, with one or two exceptions. Concentrations of the liptinite maceral group range from - 1% to 70 vol.%. Five samples contain > 20 vol.% liptinite, dominated by the macerals bituminite and sporinite. Collotelinite dominates the vitrinite groups telinite was observed in quantities of:! I vol.% despite efforts to better quantify this maceral by etching the sample pellets in potassium permanganate and also by exposure in an oxygen plasma chamber. Inertinite group macerals typically represent - 10 vol.%, of the coal samples and the highest concentrations of inertinite macerals are found in distantly spaced ( -400 km) upper Paleocene coal samples from opposite sides of Lago de Maracaibo, possibly indicating tectonic controls oil Subsidence related to construction of the Andean orogen. Values of maximum reflectance of vitrinite in oil (R-0 (max)) range between 0.42%. and 0.85% and generally are consistent with the high-volatile bituminous rank classification obtained through ASTM methods, X-ray diffraction analyses of low-temperature ash residues indicate that kaolinite, quartz. illite and pyrite dominate the inorganic fraction of most samples, plagioclase, potassium feldspar, calcite, siderite, ankerite, marcasite, rutile. anatase and apatite are present in minor or trace concentrations. Semiquantitative values of volume percent pyrite content show a strong correlation with pyritic sulfur and some sulfide-hosted trace element concentrations (As and Hg). This work provides a modern quality dataset for the western Venezuela coal deposits currently being exploited and will serve as the foundation for an ongoing coal quality research program in Venezuela. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551; Warwick, Peter/0000-0002-3152-7783 NR 77 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 68 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.006 PG 30 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 950OS UT WOS:000230867400006 ER PT J AU Holdgate, GR McLoughlin, S Drinnan, AN Finkelman, RB Willett, JC Chiehowsky, LA AF Holdgate, GR McLoughlin, S Drinnan, AN Finkelman, RB Willett, JC Chiehowsky, LA TI Inorganic chemistry, petrography and palaeobotany of Permian coals in the Prince Charles mountains, east antarctica SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Organic-Petrology (TSOP) CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Arlington, VA SP Geol Survey, Energy Inst, Penn State Univ DE Antarctica; Bainmedart Coal Measures; chemistry; petrography; vitrinite reflectance; Glossopteris ID REVISED STRATIGRAPHY; MACROBERTSON-LAND; AMERY GROUP; PRYDZ BAY; LAKE AREA; SEDIMENTOLOGY; PALEOSOLS; ORIGIN; SHELF AB Sampled outcrops of Permian coal seams of the Bainmedart Coal Measures in the Lambert Graben, eastern Antarctica, have been analysed for their proximates, ultimates, ash constituents and trace elements. A similar series of samples has been analysed for their principle maceral and microlithotype components and vitrinite reflectance, The coals are sub-bituminous to high volatile bituminous in rank; maturity increases markedly in southern exposures around Radok Lake where the oldest pan of the succession is exposed and some strata have been intruded by mafic dykes and ultramafic sills, The coal ash is mostly silica and aluminium oxides, indicating that the mineral ash component is mostly quartz and various clay minerals, The ratio of silica to aluminium oxides appears to increase in an upward stratigraphic direction, The coal macerals include a relatively high liptinite content (mainly sporinite) that is significantly higher than for typical Gondwana coals. Greater degrees of weathering within the floodbasin/peat mire environments associated with climatic drying towards the end of the Permian might account for both preferential sporopollenin preservation and increased silica:aluminium oxide ratios up-section. Correlation of the coat maceral components to adjacent peninsula India coals indicates the closest comparative coals of similar age and rank occur within the Godavari Basin, rather then the Mahanadi Basin, which is traditionally, interpreted to have been contiguous With the Lambert Graben before Gondwanan breakup. The petrological characteristics suggest that either previous interpretations of Palaeozoic basin alignments between Antarctica and India are incorrect, or that environmental settings and post-Permian burial histories of these basins were strongly independent of their tectonic juxtaposition. A permineralized peat bed Within file Succession reveals that the coals predominantly comprise wood- and leaf-rich debris derived From low-diversity forest-mire communities dominated by glossopterid and noeggerathiopsid gymnosperms. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20092 USA. RP Holdgate, GR (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM grh@unimelb.edu.au OI DRINNAN, ANDREW/0000-0003-0087-1714 NR 50 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 156 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.011 PG 22 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 950OS UT WOS:000230867400010 ER PT J AU Tewalt, SJ Willett, JC Finkelman, RB AF Tewalt, SJ Willett, JC Finkelman, RB TI The World Coal Quality Inventory: A status report SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Organic-Petrology (TSOP) CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Arlington, VA SP Geol Survey, Energy Inst, Penn State Univ DE coal; geochemistry; database; energy AB National and international policy makers and industry require accurate information oil coal, including coal quality data, to make informed decisions regarding international import needs and export opportunities, foreign policy, technology transfer policies, foreign investment prospects, environmental and health assessments, and byproduct use and disposal issues. Unfortunately, the information needed is generally proprietary and does not exist in the public domain. The U.S, Geological Survey (USGS), in conjunction with partners in about 60 countries, is developing a digital compilation of worldwide coal quality. The World Coal Quality Inventory (WoCQI) will contain coal quality information for samples obtained from major coal beds in countries having significant coal production, as well as from many countries producing smaller volumes of coal, with an emphasis on coals currently being burned. The information that will be incorporated includes, but is not limited to. proximate and ultimate analyses sulfur-form data; major, minor, and trace element analysis and semi-quantitative analyses of minerals, modes of occurrence, and petrography. The coal quality information will eventually be linked to a Geographic Information System (GIS) that shows the coal basins and sample locations along with geologic. land use, transportation, industrial, and cultural information. The WoCQI will be accessible on the USGS web page and new data added periodically. This multi-national collaboration is developing global coal quality data that contain a broad array of technologic, economic, and environmental parameters, which should help to ensure the efficient and environmentally compatible use of global Coal resources in the 21st century, Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Tewalt, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM stewalt@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 190 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.013 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 950OS UT WOS:000230867400012 ER PT J AU Bjerklie, DM Moller, D Smith, LC Dingman, SL AF Bjerklie, DM Moller, D Smith, LC Dingman, SL TI Estimating discharge in rivers using remotely sensed hydraulic information SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE remote sensing of river discharge; river channel hydraulics; synthetic aperture radar; discharge estimates from water-surface velocity; discharge estimates from channel width and slope ID IMAGERY AB A methodology to estimate in-bank river discharge exclusively from remotely sensed hydraulic data is developed. Water-surface width and maximum channel width measured from 26 aerial and digital orthophotos of 17 single channel rivers and 41 SAR images of three braided rivers were coupled with channel slope data obtained from topographic maps to estimate the discharge. The standard error of the discharge estimates were within a factor of 1.5-2 (50-100%) of the observed, with the mean estimate accuracy within 10%. This level of accuracy was achieved using calibration functions developed from observed discharge. The calibration functions use reach specific geomorphic variables, the maximum channel width and the channel slope, to predict a correction factor. The calibration functions are related to channel type. Surface velocity and width information, obtained from a single C-band image obtained by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL's) AirSAR was also used to estimate discharge for a reach of the Missouri River. Without using a calibration function, the estimate accuracy was +72% of the observed discharge, which is within the expected range of uncertainty for the method. However, using the observed velocity to calibrate the initial estimate improved the estimate accuracy to within +10% of the observed. Remotely sensed discharge estimates with accuracies reported in this paper could be useful for regional or continental scale hydrologic studies, or in regions where ground-based data is lacking. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH USA. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bjerklie, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 101 Pitkin St, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM dmbjerkl@usgs.gov; delwyn.k.moller@jpl.nasa.gov; lsmith@geog.ucla.edu; ldingman@cisunix.unh.edu RI Smith, Laurence/E-7785-2012 OI Smith, Laurence/0000-0001-6866-5904 NR 35 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 19 PY 2005 VL 309 IS 1-4 BP 191 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.11.022 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 938SR UT WOS:000230023700014 ER PT J AU Morin, RH Wilkens, RH AF Morin, RH Wilkens, RH TI Structure and stress state of Hawaiian island basalts penetrated by the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project deep core hole SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; RIFT-ZONE; GROWTH; TOPOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; FLOW AB As part of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project (HSDP), an exploratory hole was drilled in 1993 to a depth of 1056 meters below sea level (mbsl) and a deeper hole was drilled to 3098 mbsl in 1999. A set of geophysical well logs was obtained in the deeper hole that provides fundamental information regarding the structure and the state of stress that exist within a volcanic shield. The acoustic televiewer generates digital, magnetically oriented images of the borehole wall, and inspection of this log yields a continuous record of fracture orientation with depth and also with age to 540 ka. The data depict a clockwise rotation in fracture strike through the surficial Mauna Loa basalts that settles to a constant heading in the underlying Mauna Kea rocks. This behavior reflects the depositional slope directions of lavas and the locations of volcanic sources relative to the drill site. The deviation log delineates the trajectory of the well bore in three-dimensional space. This path closely follows changes in fracture orientation with depth as the drill bit is generally prodded perpendicular to fracture strike during the drilling process. Stress-induced breakouts observed in the televiewer log identify the orientations of the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stresses to be north-south and east-west, respectively. This stress state is attributed to the combination of a sharp break in onshore-offshore slope that reduces stress east-west and the emergence of Kilauea that increases stress north-south. Breakouts are extensive and appear over approximately 30% of the open hole. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Morin, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rhmorin@usgs.gov; rwilkens@hawaii.edu NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 16 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B7 AR B07404 DI 10.1029/2004JB003410 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 950DM UT WOS:000230837800001 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, S Mariner, RH Fehn, U Snyder, GT AF Hurwitz, S Mariner, RH Fehn, U Snyder, GT TI Systematics of halogen elements and their radioisotopes in thermal springs of the Cascade Range, Central Oregon, Western USA SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE halogens; Cascade Range; thermal springs; subduction cycling; magma degassing ID SATSUMA-IWOJIMA VOLCANO; SUBDUCTION-ZONE FLUIDS; SLAB-DERIVED FLUIDS; FORE-ARC; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; UNITED-STATES; MANTLE WEDGE; IODINE AB This study quantifies the cycling of halogen elements through the Cascadia subduction zone based on the chemistry of thermal springs in the Central Oregon Cascade Range and of a mineral spring in the forearc (Willamette Valley). Considerations based on mass balances, element ratios, and Cl-36/Cl and I-129/I ratios suggest that halogens discharged through the thermal springs in the Cascade Range are probably derived from magma degassing. Our results indicate that < 35% of the subducted Cl and < 20% of the subducted Br and I could be transported through arc volcanism and the thermal springs, a considerably lower percentage than estimated for other volcanic arcs along the Pacific Rim. A likely explanation for this difference is that a large fraction of the halogens is released from the slab at shallow depths into the serpentinized sub-forearc mantle because of the relatively high temperatures in the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. The small fraction of halogens subducted to depth probably also indicates a low rate of water transport, which is consistent with the observation that the Cascade Range sub-arc mantle is relatively dry and has a low degree of volcanic vigor, compared with other arcs. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey MS 439, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP US Geol Survey MS 439, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shaulh@usgs.gov; rmariner@usgs.gov; fehn@earth.rochester.edu; gsnyder@rice.edu RI Snyder, Glen/E-7873-2017 OI Snyder, Glen/0000-0001-5289-7903 NR 83 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 235 IS 3-4 BP 700 EP 714 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.029 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 946YO UT WOS:000230609400017 ER PT J AU Glassmeyer, ST Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Cahill, JD Zaugg, SD Werner, SL Meyer, MT Kryak, DD AF Glassmeyer, ST Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Cahill, JD Zaugg, SD Werner, SL Meyer, MT Kryak, DD TI Transport of chemical and microbial compounds from known wastewater discharges: Potential for use as indicators of human fecal contamination SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; SURFACE WATERS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; ANTHROPOGENIC MARKER AB The quality of drinking and recreational water is currently (2005) determined using indicator bacteria. However, the culture tests used to analyze for these bacteria require a long time to complete and do not discriminate between human and animal fecal material sources. One complementary approach is to use chemicals found in human wastewater, which would have the advantages of (1) potentially shorter analysis times than the bacterial culture tests and (2) being selected for human-source specificity. At 10 locations, water samples were collected upstream and at two successive points downstream from a wastewaster treatment plant (WWTP); a treated effluent sample was also collected at each WWTP. This sampling plan was used to determine the persistence of a chemically diverse suite of emerging contaminants in streams. Samples were also collected at two reference locations assumed to have minimal human impacts. Of the 110 chemical analytes investigated in this project, 78 were detected at least once. The number of compounds in a given sample ranged from 3 at a reference location to 50 in a WWTP effluent sample. The total analyte load at each location varied from 0.018 mu g/L at the reference location to 97.7 mu g/L in a separate WWTP effluent sample. Although most of the compound concentrations were in the range of 0.01-1.0 mu g/ L, in some samples, individual concentrations were in the range of 5-38 mu g/L. The concentrations of the majority of the chemicals present in the samples generally followed the expected trend: they were either nonexistent or at trace levels in the upstream samples, had their maximum concentrations in the WWTP effluent samples, and then declined in the two downstream samples. This research suggests that selected chemicals are useful as tracers of human wastewater discharge. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Nat Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Glassmeyer, ST (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 564, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM glassmeyer.susan@epa.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Glassmeyer, Susan/E-5004-2017; OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Glassmeyer, Susan/0000-0002-0538-5793; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 75 TC 312 Z9 329 U1 9 U2 137 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 14 BP 5157 EP 5169 DI 10.1021/es048120k PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 945XL UT WOS:000230536200011 PM 16082943 ER PT J AU Jooste, AM Du Preez, LH Carr, JA Giesy, JP Gross, TS Kendall, RJ Smith, EE Van der Kraak, GL Solomon, KR AF Jooste, AM Du Preez, LH Carr, JA Giesy, JP Gross, TS Kendall, RJ Smith, EE Van der Kraak, GL Solomon, KR TI Gonadal development of larval male Xenopus laevis exposed to atrazine in outdoor microcosms SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAIZE-GROWING AREAS; SEX-DIFFERENTIATION; SOUTH-AFRICA; HORMONAL REVERSAL; RANA-PIPIENS; BISPHENOL-A; GROWTH; FROGS; METAMORPHOSIS; DAUDIN AB The potential effects of atrazine on gonadal development in metamorphs and subadults of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) were studied under conditions of natural photoperiod and temperatures in outdoor microcosms from August 2002 to June 2003 in South Africa. Triplicate 1100 L microcosms for each nominal concentration of 0.0, 1, 10, and 25 mu g of atrazine/L were used. Measured atrazine concentrations varied < 25% throughout the study, and no atrazine was detected in the control microcosms. Tadpoles developed well at all concentrations. On the basis of histological examination of testes of recently metamorphosed stage 66 frogs, 57% of the individuals in the reference group exhibited testicular oocytes as compared with 57, 59, and 39% of the 1, 10, and 25 mu g/L atrazine groups, respectively. The average prevalence of testicular oocytes for all of the treatments including the controls was 54% in a single testis, while, in 35% of individuals, testicular oocytes were observed in both testes. The number of testicular oocytes per individual ranged from 0 to 58 with means of 9.5, 9.8, 8.5, and 11.1 for the 0.0, 1, 10, and 25 mu g of atrazine/L groups, respectively. Ten months after metamorphosis, another subset of juveniles was examined, and the maximum number of testicular oocytes observed was five in one animal. The presence of testicular oocytes was not related to exposure to atrazine and may be a natural phenomenon during ontogeny. C1 N W Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Dev, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. USGS BRD, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Guelph, Ctr Toxicol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Du Preez, LH (reprint author), N W Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Dev, Potchefstroom Campus,Private Bag X6001, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. EM drklhdp@puk.ac.za NR 31 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 14 BP 5255 EP 5261 DI 10.1021/es048134q PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 945XL UT WOS:000230536200024 PM 16082954 ER PT J AU Michaletz, PH Doisy, KE Rabeni, CF AF Michaletz, PH Doisy, KE Rabeni, CF TI Influences of productivity, vegetation, and fish on macroinvertebrate abundance and size in Midwestern USA impoundments SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE macroinvertebrates; impoundment productivity; benthivorous fish; macrophytes ID YELLOW PERCH; EMPIRICAL PREDICTION; ZOOBENTHIC BIOMASS; BENTHIC COMMUNITY; CHANNEL CATFISH; LAKES; PREY; INVERTEBRATES; MANAGEMENT; REDUCTION AB The influences of productivity, vegetation coverage, and benthivorous fish abundance on macroinvertebrate abundance and mean size were examined in Midwestern USA impoundments. While impoundment productivity was not strongly related to total abundance and mean size of macro invertebrates, it was related to specific taxa. As productivity increased, Ephemeroptera and Odonata abundance decreased and Diptera abundance increased. Despite the shift in taxonomic composition, mean individual size of the macroinvertebrate community varied little with changes in impoundment productivity. Relationships between macroinvertebrates and benthivorous fish were mixed. Macroinvertebrate abundance, especially Diptera, increased with increases in bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque abundance and decreased with increases in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) (which are stocked annually) abundance. Fish were not related to the mean size of macroinvertebrates. Macrophyte coverage was not related to macroinvertebrate abundance or mean size. Overall, macroinvertebrate abundance was mostly related to productivity and benthivorous fish in these impoundments. Mean size of macroinvertebrates did not differ with productivity, fish abundance, or macrophyte coverage. C1 Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Michaletz, PH (reprint author), Missouri Dept Conservat, 1110 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM Paul.Michaletz@mdc.mo.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 543 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s10750-004-6952-y PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 965NW UT WOS:000231958400012 ER PT J AU Caplan-Auerbach, J Petersen, T AF Caplan-Auerbach, J Petersen, T TI Repeating coupled earthquakes at Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Shishaldin Volcano; volcano seismology; long-period earthquake ID LONG-PERIOD SEISMICITY; STROMBOLIAN EXPLOSIONS; 1999 ERUPTION; ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS; REDOUBT-VOLCANO; KILAUEA VOLCANO; TREMOR; MONTSERRAT; DYNAMICS; EVENTS AB Since it last erupted in 1999, Shishaldin Volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, has produced also exhibited a hundreds to thousands of long-period (1-2 Hz; LP) earthquakes every day with no other sign of volcanic unrest. In 2002, the earthquakes short-period (4-7 Hz; SP) signal occurring between 3 and 15 s before the LP phase. Although the SP phase contains higher frequencies than the LP phase, its spectral content is still well below that expected of brittle failure events. The SP phase was never observed without the LP phase, although LP events continued to occur in the absence of the precursory signal. The two-phased events are termed "coupled events", reflecting a triggered relationship between two discrete event types. Both phases are highly repetitive in time series, suggestive of stable, non-destructive sources. Waveform cross-correlation and spectral coherence are used to extract waveforms from the continuous record and determine precise P-wave arrivals for the SP phase. Although depths are poorly constrained, the SP phase is believed to lie at shallow (< 4 km) depths just west of Shishaldin's summit. The variable timing between the SP and LP arrivals indicates that the trigger mechanism between the phases itself moves at variable speeds. A model is proposed in which the SP phase results from fluid moving within the conduit, possibly around an obstruction and the LP phase results from the coalescence of a shallow gas bubble. The variable timing is attributed to changes in gas content within the conduit. The destruction of the conduit obstacle on November 21, 2002 resulted in the abrupt disappearance of the SP phase. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Caplan-Auerbach, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jca@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.01.011 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 953CP UT WOS:000231054100009 ER PT J AU Schroeder, RE Parrish, JD AF Schroeder, RE Parrish, JD TI Resilience of predators to fishing pressure on coral patch reefs SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE experimental fishing; fish density; midway atoll; piscivores; reef fish; undisturbed coral reef communities ID LIFE-HISTORY; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; FISHES; COMMUNITIES; BIOMASS; POPULATIONS; SIZE; SURGEONFISHES; NORTHWESTERN; CONSEQUENCES AB Numbers and biomass of piscivorous fish and their predation on other fish may often be high in undisturbed coral reef communities. The effects of such predation have sometimes been studied by removal of piscivores (either experimentally or by fishermen). Such perturbations have usually involved removal of large, highly vulnerable, mobile piscivores that are often actively sought in fisheries. The effects of fishing on smaller, demersal, semi-resident piscivores have been little studied. We studied such effects on the fish communities of patch reefs at Midway atoll by experimentally removing major resident, demersal, piscivorous fishes. First, four control reefs and four experimental reefs were selected, their dimensions and habitats mapped, and their visible fish communities censused repeatedly over I year. Census of all control and experimental reefs was continued for the following 39 months, during which known piscivores were collected repeatedly by hand spearing. Records were kept of catch and effort to calculate CPUE as an index of predator density. Spearfishing on the experimental reefs removed 2504 piscivorous fish from 12 families and 43 taxa (mostly species). The species richness of the catch did not show an overall change over the duration of the experiment. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed some unexpected positive correlations for density in numbers and biomass of major fished piscivorous groups (especially lizardfish) over the experiment. Only two relatively minor fished piscivorous taxa declined in abundance over the experiment, while the overall abundance of piscivores increased. Visual censuses of fish on the experimental reefs also failed to show reduction of total piscivores over the full experimental period. No significant trend in the abundance of lizardfish censused over the full period was apparent on any of the control reefs. The high resilience of piscivores on these experimental reefs to relatively intense fishing pressure could result from their protracted recruitment seasons, high immigration rates, cryptic habits, or naturally high abundances. A major factor was the high immigration rates of lizardfish, replacing lizardfish and other less mobile piscivores removed from the reefs by spearing. On the fished reefs, the removed lizardfish population replaced itself > 20 times during the experiment; other piscivorous taxa replaced themselves only 5 times. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Parrish, JD (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 2538 The Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM parrishj@hawaii.edu NR 64 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUL 13 PY 2005 VL 321 IS 2 BP 93 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2005.01.007 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 943PZ UT WOS:000230367600001 ER PT J AU Konrad, CP Booth, DB Burges, SJ AF Konrad, CP Booth, DB Burges, SJ TI Effects of urban development in the Puget Lowland, Washington, on interannual streamflow patterns: Consequences for channel form and streambed disturbance SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; SURFACE TEXTURES; DESERT STREAM; NEW-YORK; URBANIZATION; COMMUNITIES; FLOW; STABILITY; REGIME; ENTRAINMENT AB [1] Recovery and protection of streams in urban areas depend on a comprehensive understanding of how human activities affect stream ecosystems. The hydrologic effects of urban development and the consequences for stream channel form and streambed stability were examined in 16 streams in the Puget Lowland, Washington, using three streamflow metrics that integrate storm-scale effects of urban development over annual to decadal timescales: the fraction of time that streamflow exceeds the mean streamflow (T-Qmean), the coefficient of variation of annual maximum streamflow (CVAMF), and the fraction of time that streamflow exceeds the 0.5-year flood (T-0.5). Urban streams had low interannual variability in annual maximum streamflow and brief duration of frequent high flows, as indicated by significant correlations between road density and both CVAMF and T-0.5. The broader distribution of streamflow indicated by T-Qmean may be affected by urban development, but differences in T-Qmean between streams are also likely a result of other physiographic factors. The increase in the magnitude of frequent high flows due to urban development but not their cumulative duration has important consequences for channel form and bed stability in gravel bed streams because geomorphic equilibrium depends on moderate duration streamflow (e.g., exceeded 10% of the time). Streams with low values of T-Qmean and T-0.5 are narrower than expected from hydraulic geometry. Dimensionless boundary shear stress (tau*) for the 0.5-year flood was inversely related to T-0.5 among the streams, indicating frequent and extensive bed disturbance in streams with low values of T-0.5. Although stream channels expand and the size of bed material increases in response to urban streamflow patterns, these adjustments may be insufficient to reestablish the disturbance regime in urban streams because of the differential increase in the magnitude of frequent high flows causing disturbance relative to any changes in longer duration, moderate flows that establish a stable channel. C1 US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Konrad, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1201 Pacific Ave,Suite 600, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM cpkonrad@usgs.gov RI Booth, Derek/B-6379-2014; OI Booth, Derek/0000-0002-5242-4089; Konrad, Christopher/0000-0002-7354-547X NR 81 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 13 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 7 AR W07009 DI 10.1029/2005WR004097 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 950EV UT WOS:000230841300005 ER PT J AU Qian, SS Reckhow, KH Zhai, J McMahon, G AF Qian, SS Reckhow, KH Zhai, J McMahon, G TI Nonlinear regression modeling of nutrient loads in streams: A Bayesian approach SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB [1] A Bayesian nonlinear regression modeling method is introduced and compared with the least squares method for modeling nutrient loads in stream networks. The objective of the study is to better model spatial correlation in river basin hydrology and land use for improving the model as a forecasting tool. The Bayesian modeling approach is introduced in three steps, each with a more complicated model and data error structure. The approach is illustrated using a data set from three large river basins in eastern North Carolina. Results indicate that the Bayesian model better accounts for model and data uncertainties than does the conventional least squares approach. Applications of the Bayesian models for ambient water quality standards compliance and TMDL assessment are discussed. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Inst Genome Sci & Policy, Durham, NC 27708 USA. US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Qian, SS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM song@duke.edu RI Qian, Song/A-3163-2008; Qian, Song/I-6544-2012 NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 13 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 7 AR W07012 DI 10.1029/2005WR003986 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 950EV UT WOS:000230841300004 ER PT J AU Sumner, DM Jacobs, JM AF Sumner, DM Jacobs, JM TI Utility of Penman-Monteith, Priestley-Taylor, reference evapotranspiration, and pan evaporation methods to estimate pasture evapotranspiration SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; reference evapotranspiration; pan evaporation; pasture ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; EDDY-CORRELATION; SURFACE CONDUCTANCE; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; PINE FOREST; BOWEN-RATIO; HEAT-FLUX; DATA SET; CLIMATE; TRANSPIRATION AB Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) was measured at 30-min resolution over a 19-month period (September 28, 2000-April 23, 2002) from a nonirrigated pasture site in Florida, USA, using eddy correlation methods. The relative magnitude of measured ETa (about 66% of long-term annual precipitation at the study site) indicates the importance of accurate ETa estimates for water resources planning. The time and cost associated with direct measurements of replying on more easily obtainable data desirable. Several such methods (Penman-Monteith (PM), modified Priestley-Taylor (PT), reference evapotranspiration (ET0), and pan evaporation (E-p)) were related to measured ETa using regression methods to estimate PM bulk surface conductance, PT a, ET0 vegetation coefficient, and E, pan coefficient. The PT method, where the PT a is a function of green-leaf area index (LAI) and solar radiation, provided the best relation with ETa (standard error (SE) for daily ETa of 0.11 mm). The PM method, in which the bulk surface conductance was a function of net radiation and vapor-pressure deficit, was slightly less effective (SE = 0. 15 mm) than the PT method. Vegetation coefficients for the ET0 method (SE=0.29 mm) were found to be a simple function of LAI. Pan coefficients for the ETa method (SE= 0.40 mm) were found to be a function of LAI and Ep. Historical or future meteorological, LAI, and pan evaporation data from the study site could be used, along with the relations developed within this study, to provide estimates of ETa in the absence of direct measurements of ETa. Additionally, relations among PM, PT, and ETO methods and ETa can provide estimates of ETa in other, environmentally similar, pasture settings for which meteorological and LAI data can be obtained or estimated. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 224 W Cent Pkwy,Suite 1006, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714 USA. EM dmsumner@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 116 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 12 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 1-4 BP 81 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.10.023 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 938HW UT WOS:000229991500006 ER PT J AU Morin, RH AF Morin, RH TI Hydrologic properties of coal beds in the Powder River Basin, Montana. I. Geophysical log analysis SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE coal bed; fractures; geophysical logs; transmissivity; crustal stress ID FRACTURED ROCK; FLUID-FLOW; STRESS; PLATEAU AB As part of a multidisciplinary investigation designed to assess the implications of coal-bed methane development on water resources for the Powder River Basin of southeastern Montana, six wells were drilled through Paleocene-age coal beds along a 31-km east-west transect within the Tongue River drainage basin. Analysis of geophysical logs obtained in these wells provides insight into the hydrostratigraphic characteristics of the coal and interbedded siliciclastic rocks and their possible interaction with the local stress field. Natural gamma and electrical resistivity logs were effective in distinguishing individual coal beds. Full-waveform sonic logs were used to determine elastic properties of the coal and an attendant estimate of aquifer storage is in reasonable agreement with that computed from a pumping test. Inspection of magnetically oriented images of the borehole walls generated from both acoustic and optical televiewers and comparison with coal cores infer a face cleat orientation of approximately N33 degrees E, in close agreement with regional lineament patterns and the northeast trend of the nearby Tongue River. The local tectonic stress field in this physiographic province as inferred from a nearby 1984 earthquake denotes an oblique strike-slip faulting regime with dominant east-west compression and north-south extension. These stress directions are coincident with those of the primary fracture sets identified from the televiewer logs and also with the principle axes of the drawdown ellipse produced from a complementary aquifer test, but oblique to apparent cleat orientation. Consequently, examination of these geophysical logs within the context of local hydrologic characteristics indicates that transverse transmissivity anisotropy in these coals is predominantly controlled by bedding configuration and perhaps a mechanical response to the contemporary stress field rather than solely by cleat structure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Morin, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rhmorin@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 12 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 1-4 BP 227 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.11.006 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 938HW UT WOS:000229991500014 ER PT J AU Weeks, EP AF Weeks, EP TI Hydrologic properties of coal-beds in the Powder River Basin, Montana. II. Aquifer test analysis SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE coal-bed; aquifer test; lateral anisotropy; fractured porous media ID ANISOTROPY AB A multiple well aquifer test to determine anisotropic transmissivity was conducted on a coal-bed in the Powder River Basin, southeastern Montana, as part of a multidisciplinary investigation to determine hydrologic conditions of coal-beds in the area. For the test, three wells were drilled equidistant from and at different angles to a production well tapping the Flowers-Goodale coal seam, a 7.6-m thick seam confined at a depth of about 110 m. The test was conducted by air-lift pumping for 9 h, and water levels were monitored in the three observation wells using pressure transducers. Drawdown data collected early in the test were affected by interporosity flow between the coal fracture network and the matrix, but later data were suitable to determine aquifer anisotropy, as the slopes of the late-time semilog time-drawdown curves are nearly identical, and the zero-drawdown intercepts are different. The maximum transmissivity, trending N87 degrees E, is 14.9 m(2)/d, and the minimum transmissivity 6.8 m(2)/d, giving an anisotropy ratio of 2.2: 1. Combined specific storage of the fractures and matrix is 2 x 10(-5)/m, and of the fracture network alone 5 x 10(-6)/m. The principal direction of the anisotropy tensor is not aligned with the face cleats, but instead is aligned with another fracture set and with dominant east-west tectonic compression. Results of the test indicate that the Flowers-Goodale coal-bed is more permeable than many coals in the Powder River Basin, but the anisotropy ratio and specific storage are similar to those found for other coal-beds in the basin. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Weeks, EP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM epweeks@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 12 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 1-4 BP 242 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.11.002 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 938HW UT WOS:000229991500015 ER PT J AU Koons, DN Grand, JB Zinner, B Rockwell, RE AF Koons, DN Grand, JB Zinner, B Rockwell, RE TI Transient population dynamics: Relations to life history and initial population state SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE age structure; demography; life history; sensitivity; transient dynamics ID MARKOVIAN VITAL RATES; AGE STRUCTURE; GROWTH-RATE; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; WANDERING ALBATROSS; REPRODUCTIVE VALUE; MATRIX MODEL; RED DEER; DEMOGRAPHY AB Most environments are variable and disturbances (e.g., hurricanes, fires) can lead to substantial changes in a population's state (i.e., age, stage, or size distribution). In these situations, the long-term (i.e., asymptotic) measure of population growth rate (lambda(1)) may inaccurately represent population growth in the short-term. Thus, we calculated the short-term (i.e., transient) population growth rate and its sensitivity to changes in the life-cycle parameters for three bird and three mammal species with widely varying life histories. Further, we performed these calculations for initial population states that spanned the entire range of possibilities. Variation in a population's initial net reproductive value largely explained the variation in transient growth rates and their sensitivities to changes in life-cycle parameters (all AIC(c) >= 6.67 units better than the null model, all R-2 >= 0.55). Additionally, the transient fertility and adult survival sensitivities tended to increase with the initial net reproductive value of the population, whereas the sub-adult survival sensitivity decreased. Transient population dynamics of long-lived, slow reproducing species were more variable and more different than asymptotic dynamics than they were for short-lived, fast reproducing species. Because lambda(1) can be a biased estimate of the actual growth rate in the short-term (e.g., 19% difference), conservation and wildlife biologists should consider transient dynamics when developing management plans that could affect a population's state, or whenever population state could be unstable. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USGS Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Discrete & Stat Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ornithol, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Koons, DN (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 108 M White Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM koonsdn@auburn.edu; grandjb@auburn.edu; zinnebe@auburn.edu; rfr@amnh.org NR 80 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 10 PY 2005 VL 185 IS 2-4 BP 283 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.12.011 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 929RJ UT WOS:000229363200010 ER PT J AU Michalski, G Bockheim, JG Kendall, C Thiemens, M AF Michalski, G Bockheim, JG Kendall, C Thiemens, M TI Isotopic composition of Antarctic Dry Valley nitrate: Implications for NO(y) sources and cycling in Antarctica SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE; SOIL-NITROGEN; DESERT SOILS; CHEMISTRY; ORIGIN; SNOW; FRACTIONATION; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; DEPOSITION AB Nitrates minerals from the Dry Valleys of Antarctica have been analyzed for their oxygen and nitrogen isotopic compositions. The (15)N was depleted with delta(15)N values ranging from - 9.5 to - 26.2 parts per thousand, whereas the (17)O and (18)O isotopes were highly enriched (with excess (17)O) with delta(18)O values spanning 62 - 76% and Delta(17)O values from 28.9 to 32.7%. These are the largest (17)O enrichments observed in any known mineral. The oxygen isotopes indicate that nitrate is from a combination of tropospheric transport of photochemically produced HNO(3) and HNO(3) formed in the stratosphere. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Michalski, G (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM gmichalski@ucsd.edu NR 38 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 13 AR L13817 DI 10.1029/2004GL022121 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 947JR UT WOS:000230640100001 ER PT J AU Brown, JJ Hildreth, R Ford, SE AF Brown, JJ Hildreth, R Ford, SE TI When the world is not your oyster SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Delaware River Fisheries Coordinators Off, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. Univ Oregon, Ocean & Coastal Law Ctr, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. RP Brown, JJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Delaware River Fisheries Coordinators Off, 2610 Whitehall Neck Rd, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. EM Jed_Brown@fws.gov; rghildre@law.uore-gon.edu; susan@hsrl.rutgers.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 8 PY 2005 VL 309 IS 5732 BP 244 EP 244 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 944SP UT WOS:000230449800017 PM 16002598 ER PT J AU Yen, AS Gellert, R Schroder, C Morris, RV Bell, JF Knudson, AT Clark, BC Ming, DW Crisp, JA Arvidson, RE Blaney, D Bruckner, J Christensen, PR DesMarais, DJ de Souza, PA Economou, TE Ghosh, A Hahn, BC Herkenhoff, KE Haskin, LA Hurowitz, JA Joliff, BL Johnson, JR Klingelhofer, G Madsen, MB McLennan, SM McSween, HY Richter, L Rieder, R Rodionov, D Soderblom, L Squyres, SW Tosca, NJ Wang, A Wyatt, M Zipfel, J AF Yen, AS Gellert, R Schroder, C Morris, RV Bell, JF Knudson, AT Clark, BC Ming, DW Crisp, JA Arvidson, RE Blaney, D Bruckner, J Christensen, PR DesMarais, DJ de Souza, PA Economou, TE Ghosh, A Hahn, BC Herkenhoff, KE Haskin, LA Hurowitz, JA Joliff, BL Johnson, JR Klingelhofer, G Madsen, MB McLennan, SM McSween, HY Richter, L Rieder, R Rodionov, D Soderblom, L Squyres, SW Tosca, NJ Wang, A Wyatt, M Zipfel, J TI An integrated view of the chemistry and mineralogy of martian soils SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; MINI-TES EXPERIMENT; GUSEV CRATER; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; MARS PATHFINDER; SPIRIT ROVER; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; OPPORTUNITY ROVER; MOSSBAUER SPECTROMETER AB The mineralogical and elemental compositions of the martian soil are indicators of chemical and physical weathering processes. Using data from the Mars Exploration Rovers, we show that bright dust deposits on opposite sides of the planet are part of a global unit and not dominated by the composition of local rocks. Dark soil deposits at both sites have similar basaltic mineralogies, and could reflect either a global component or the general similarity in the compositions of the rocks from which they were derived. Increased levels of bromine are consistent with mobilization of soluble salts by thin films of liquid water, but the presence of olivine in analysed soil samples indicates that the extent of aqueous alteration of soils has been limited. Nickel abundances are enhanced at the immediate surface and indicate that the upper few millimetres of soil could contain up to one per cent meteoritic material. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Co Vale Rio Doce, BR-29030900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DS-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. DLR, Inst Raumsimulat, D-51170 Cologne, Germany. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Albert.Yen@jpl.nasa.gov RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Hurowitz, Joel/A-8862-2008; Madsen, Morten/D-2082-2011; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Crisp, Joy/H-8287-2016 OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Madsen, Morten/0000-0001-8909-5111; Crisp, Joy/0000-0002-3202-4416 NR 47 TC 194 Z9 195 U1 12 U2 68 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 7 PY 2005 VL 436 IS 7047 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1038/nature03637 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 942QJ UT WOS:000230296600036 PM 16001059 ER PT J AU Sullivan, R Banfield, D Bell, JF Calvin, W Fike, D Golombek, M Greeley, R Grotzinger, J Herkenhoff, K Jerolmack, D Malin, M Ming, D Soderblom, LA Squyres, SW Thompson, S Watters, WA Weitz, CM Yen, A AF Sullivan, R Banfield, D Bell, JF Calvin, W Fike, D Golombek, M Greeley, R Grotzinger, J Herkenhoff, K Jerolmack, D Malin, M Ming, D Soderblom, LA Squyres, SW Thompson, S Watters, WA Weitz, CM Yen, A TI Aeolian processes at the Mars Exploration Rover Meridiani Planum landing site SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID WIND STREAKS; DUST; EARTH; SPECTROMETER; OPPORTUNITY; TRANSPORT; SURFACES; VENUS; SOILS AB The martian surface is a natural laboratory for testing our understanding of the physics of aeolian (wind-related) processes in an environment different from that of Earth. Martian surface markings and atmospheric opacity are time-variable, indicating that fine particles at the surface are mobilized regularly by wind(1-3). Regolith (unconsolidated surface material) at the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity's landing site has been affected greatly by wind, which has created and reoriented bedforms, sorted grains, and eroded bedrock. Aeolian features here preserve a unique record of changing wind direction and wind strength. Here we present an in situ examination of a martian bright wind streak, which provides evidence consistent with a previously proposed formational model(4,5) for such features. We also show that a widely used criterion for distinguishing between aeolian saltation- and suspension-dominated grain behaviour is different on Mars, and that estimated wind friction speeds between 2 and 3 ms(-1), most recently from the northwest, are associated with recent global dust storms, providing ground truth for climate model predictions. C1 Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 90119 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92191 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Sullivan, R (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rjs33@cornell.edu RI Fike, David/D-3634-2011; OI Fike, David/0000-0003-2848-0328; Banfield, Don/0000-0003-2664-0164 NR 27 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 3 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 7 PY 2005 VL 436 IS 7047 BP 58 EP 61 DI 10.1038/nature03641 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 942QJ UT WOS:000230296600038 PM 16001061 ER PT J AU Haskin, LA Wang, A Jolliff, BL McSween, HY Clark, BC Des Marais, DJ McLennan, SM Tosca, NJ Hurowitz, JA Farmer, JD Yen, A Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Klingelhofer, G Schroder, C de Souza, PA Ming, DW Gellert, R Zipfel, J Bruckner, J Bell, JF Herkenhoff, K Christensen, PR Ruff, S Blaney, D Gorevan, S Cabrol, NA Crumpler, L Grant, J Soderblom, L AF Haskin, LA Wang, A Jolliff, BL McSween, HY Clark, BC Des Marais, DJ McLennan, SM Tosca, NJ Hurowitz, JA Farmer, JD Yen, A Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Klingelhofer, G Schroder, C de Souza, PA Ming, DW Gellert, R Zipfel, J Bruckner, J Bell, JF Herkenhoff, K Christensen, PR Ruff, S Blaney, D Gorevan, S Cabrol, NA Crumpler, L Grant, J Soderblom, L TI Water alteration of rocks and soils on Mars at the Spirit rover site in Gusev crater SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MINERALOGY; SPECTROMETER; CHEMISTRY; DEPOSITS AB Gusev crater was selected as the landing site for the Spirit rover because of the possibility that it once held a lake. Thus one of the rover's tasks was to search for evidence of lake sediments(1). However, the plains at the landing site were found to be covered by a regolith composed of olivine-rich basaltic rock and windblown 'global' dust(2). The analyses of three rock interiors exposed by the rock abrasion tool showed that they are similar to one another, consistent with having originated from a common lava flow(3-8). Here we report the investigation of soils, rock coatings and rock interiors by the Spirit rover from sol (martian day) 1 to sol 156, from its landing site to the base of the Columbia hills. The physical and chemical characteristics of the materials analysed provide evidence for limited but unequivocal interaction between water and the volcanic rocks of the Gusev plains. This evidence includes the softness of rock interiors that contain anomalously high concentrations of sulphur, chlorine and bromine relative to terrestrial basalts and martian meteorites(9); sulphur, chlorine and ferric iron enrichments in multilayer coatings on the light-toned rock Mazatzal; high bromine concentration in filled vugs and veins within the plains basalts; positive correlations between magnesium, sulphur and other salt components in trench soils; and decoupling of sulphur, chlorine and bromine concentrations in trench soils compared to Gusev surface soils, indicating chemical mobility and separation. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Littleton, CO 80125 USA. NASA, Exobiol Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Co Vale Rio Doce, BR-20030900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, MC KR, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Abt Kosmochem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Honeybee Robot, New York, NY 10012 USA. NASA, SETI Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NASA, Div Space Sci, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM alianw@levee.wustl.edu RI Hurowitz, Joel/A-8862-2008; de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009 OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039 NR 27 TC 147 Z9 150 U1 3 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 7 PY 2005 VL 436 IS 7047 BP 66 EP 69 DI 10.1038/nature03640 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 942QJ UT WOS:000230296600040 PM 16001063 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JD Dettinger, MD Cayan, DR AF Lundquist, JD Dettinger, MD Cayan, DR TI Snow-fed streamflow timing at different basin scales: Case study of the Tuolumne River above Hetch Hetchy, Yosemite, California SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COVER; RUNOFF AB Diurnal cycles in snow-fed streams provide a useful technique for measuring the time it takes water to travel from the top of the snowpack, where snowmelt typically peaks in the afternoon, to the river gauge, where the daily maximum flows may arrive many hours later. Hourly stage measurements in nested subbasins (6-775 km(2)) of the Tuolumne River in Yosemite National Park illustrate travel time delays at different basin scales during the spring 2002 and 2003 melt seasons. Travel times increase with longer percolation times through deeper snowpacks, increase with longer travel times over land and along longer stream channels, and increase with slower in-stream flow velocities. In basins smaller than 30 km(2), travel times through the snowpack dominate streamflow timing. In particular, daily peak flows shift to earlier in the day as snowpacks thin and mean discharges increase. In basins larger than 200 km(2), snowpack heterogeneity causes the hour of peak flow to be highly consistent, with little or no variation as the snowpack thins. Basins with areas in between 30 and 200 km(2) exhibit different sequences of diurnal streamflow timing in different years, sometimes acting like small basins and other times like large basins. From the start of the melt season until the day of peak snowmelt discharge, increasing travel distances in channels as the snow line retreats to higher elevations do not cause long enough travel delays to offset the observed decrease in mean travel times through the snowpack. A model that couples porous medium flow through thinning snowpacks with free surface flow in stream channels can reproduce the observed patterns, provided that the model incorporates snowpack heterogeneity. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Lundquist, JD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jessica.lundquist@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 7 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 7 AR W07005 DI 10.1029/2004WR003933 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 947KS UT WOS:000230642900001 ER PT J AU Chapin, TP Wanty, RB AF Chapin, TP Wanty, RB TI Development of a solenoid pumped in situ zinc analyzer for environmental monitoring SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE zinc; in situ; environmental monitoring; acid mine drainage; near real-time ID SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; STREAMS AB A battery powered submersible chemical analyzer, the Zn-DigiScan (Zn Digital Submersible Chemical Analyzer), has been developed for near real-time. in situ monitoring of zinc in aquatic systems. Microprocessor controlled solenoid pumps propel sample and carrier through an anion exchange column to separate zinc from interferences, add colorimetric reagents, and propel the reaction complex through a simple photometric detector. The Zn-DigiScan is capable of self-calibration with periodic injections of standards and blanks. The detection limit with this approach was 30 mu Lg L-1. Precision was 5-10% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) below 100 mu g L-1, improving to 1% R.S.D. at 1000 mu g L-1. The linear range extended from 30 to 3000 mu g L-1. In situ field results were in agreement with samples analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). This pump technology is quite versatile and colorimetric methods with complex online manipulations such as column reduction, preconcentration, and dilution can be performed with the DigiScan. However, long-term field deployments in shallow high altitude streams were hampered by air bubble formation in the photometric detector. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Chapin, TP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tchapin@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUL 6 PY 2005 VL 543 IS 1-2 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2005.04.046 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 937VF UT WOS:000229953300028 ER PT J AU Chouet, B Dawson, P Arciniega-Ceballos, A AF Chouet, B Dawson, P Arciniega-Ceballos, A TI Source mechanism of Vulcanian degassing at Popocatepetl Volcano, Mexico, determined from waveform inversions of very long period signals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID BAND SEISMIC OBSERVATIONS; MOUNT EREBUS VOLCANO; STROMBOLI VOLCANO; SAKURAJIMA VOLCANO; ASO VOLCANO; JAPAN; EXPLOSIONS; ERUPTIONS; MAGMA; EARTHQUAKES AB [1] The source mechanism of very long period (VLP) signals accompanying volcanic degassing bursts at Popocatepetl is analyzed in the 15 - 70 s band by minimizing the residual error between data and synthetics calculated for a point source embedded in a homogeneous medium. The waveforms of two eruptions ( 23 April and 23 May 2000) representative of mild Vulcanian activity are well reproduced by our inversion, which takes into account volcano topography. The source centroid is positioned 1500 m below the western perimeter of the summit crater, and the modeled source is composed of a shallow dipping crack ( sill with easterly dip of 10 degrees) intersecting a steeply dipping crack ( northeast striking dike dipping 83 degrees northwest), whose surface extension bisects the vent. Both cracks undergo a similar sequence of inflation, deflation, and reinflation, reflecting a cycle of pressurization, depressurization, and repressurization within a time interval of 3 - 5 min. The largest moment release occurs in the sill, showing a maximum volume change of 500 - 1000 m(3), pressure drop of 3 - 5 MPa, and amplitude of recovered pressure equal to 1.2 times the amplitude of the pressure drop. In contrast, the maximum volume change in the dike is less ( 200 - 300 m 3), with a corresponding pressure drop of 1 - 2 MPa and pressure recovery equal to the pressure drop. Accompanying these volumetric sources are single-force components with magnitudes of 10(8) N, consistent with melt advection in response to pressure transients. The source time histories of the volumetric components of the source indicate that significant mass movement starts within the sill and triggers a mass movement response in the dike within a few seconds. Such source behavior is consistent with the opening of a pathway for escape of pent-up gases from slow pressurization of the sill driven by magma crystallization. The opening of this pathway and associated rapid evacuation of volcanic gases induces the pressure drop. Pressure recovery in the magma filling the sill is driven by diffusion of gases from the resulting supersaturated melt into bubbles. Assuming a penny-shaped crack at ambient pressure of 40 MPa, the observed pressure and volume variations can be modeled with the following attributes: crack radius ( 100 m), crack aperture ( 5 m), bubble number density (10(10) - 10(12) m(-3)), initial bubble radius (10(-6) m), final bubble radius (similar to 10(-5) m), and net decrease of gas concentration in the melt (0.01 wt %). C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Chouet, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM chouet@usgs.gov; dawson@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 6 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B7 AR B07301 DI 10.1029/2004JB003524 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 947KF UT WOS:000230641600003 ER PT J AU Cohn, TA AF Cohn, TA TI Estimating contaminant loads in rivers: An application of adjusted maximum likelihood to type 1 censored data SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LIMITED DEPENDENT-VARIABLES; CONSTITUENT LOADS; SEDIMENT; TRANSPORT; MODELS; BIAS AB [1] This paper presents an adjusted maximum likelihood estimator (AMLE) that can be used to estimate fluvial transport of contaminants, like phosphorus, that are subject to censoring because of analytical detection limits. The AMLE is a generalization of the widely accepted minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE), and Monte Carlo experiments confirm that it shares essentially all of the MVUE's desirable properties, including high efficiency and negligible bias. In particular, the AMLE exhibits substantially less bias than alternative censored-data estimators such as the MLE (Tobit) or the MLE followed by a jackknife. As with the MLE and the MVUE the AMLE comes close to achieving the theoretical Frechet-Cramer-Rao bounds on its variance. This paper also presents a statistical framework, applicable to both censored and complete data, for understanding and estimating the components of uncertainty associated with load estimates. This can serve to lower the cost and improve the efficiency of both traditional and real-time water quality monitoring. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Cohn, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 415, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tacohn@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 6 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 7 AR W07003 DI 10.1029/2004WR003833 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 947KR UT WOS:000230642800002 ER EF