FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Godinho, AL Kynard, B AF Godinho, AL Kynard, B TI Migration and spawning of radio-tagged zulega Prochilodus argenteus in a dammed Brazilian river SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS; TROUT AB It is difficult for agencies to evaluate the impacts of the many planned dams on Sao Francisco River. Brazil, migratory fishes because fish migrations are poorly known. We conducted it study on zulega Prochilodus argenteus, an important commercial and recreational fish in the Sao Francisco River, to identify migrations and spawning areas and to determine linear home range. During two spawning seasons (2001-2003). we radio-tagged fish in three main-stem reaches downstream of Tr (e) over caps Marias Dam (TMD), located at river kilometer (rkm) 2,109. We tagged 10 fish at Tr (e) over caps Marias (TM), which is 5 km downstream of TMD; 12 fish at Pontal, which is 28 km downstream of TMD and which includes the mouth of the Abaete River; and 10 fish at Cilga, which is 45 km downstream of TMD. Late-stage (ripe) adults tagged in each area during the spawning season remained at or near the tagging site, except for four Cilga fish that went to Pontal and probably spawned. The Pontal area at the Abaete River mouth was the most important spawning site we found. Prespawning fish moved back and forth between main-stem staging areas upstream of the Abaete River mouth and Portal for short visits. These multiple visits were probably needed as ripe fish waited for spawning cues from a flooding Abaete River. Some fish homed to prespawning staging areas, spawning areas, and nonspawning areas. The migratory style of zulega was dualistic, with resident and migratory fish. Total linear home range was also dualistic, with small (< 26-km) and large (53-127-km) ranges. The locations of spawning areas and home ranges suggest that the Pontal group (which includes Cilga fish) is one population that occupies about 110 km. The Pontal population overlaps a short distance with a population located downstream of Cilga. Movements of late-stage TM adults suggest that the TM group is a separate population, possibly with connections to populations upstream of TMD. C1 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fish Passage Ctr, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Univ Massachusetts, Wildlife & Fisheries Conservat Grad Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Godinho, AL (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fish Passage Ctr, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM agodinho@ufmg.br RI Godinho, Alexandre/G-5809-2012 NR 42 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 135 IS 3 BP 811 EP 824 DI 10.1577/T04-176.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 058PJ UT WOS:000238676600022 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD Cooper, RJ Slade, RM Haney, RL Arnold, JG AF Harmel, R. D. Cooper, R. J. Slade, R. M. Haney, R. L. Arnold, J. G. TI Cumulative uncertainty in measured streamflow and water quality data for small watersheds SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE error propagation; nonpoint-source pollution; nutrient transport; water quality monitoring ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; SAMPLE PRESERVATION; REACTIVE PHOSPHORUS; INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; STORAGE; NITROGEN; RUNOFF; FLOW; STRATEGIES; SORPTION AB The scientific community has not established an adequate understanding of the uncertainty inherent in measured water quality data, which is introduced by four procedural categories: streamflow measurement, sample collection, sample preservation/storage, and laboratory analysis. Although previous research has produced valuable information on relative differences in procedures within these categories, little information is available that compares the procedural categories or presents the cumulative uncertainty in resulting water quality data. As a result, quality control emphasis is often misdirected, and data uncertainty is typically either ignored or accounted for With an arbitrary margin of safety. Faced with the need for scientifically defensible estimates of data uncertainty to support water resource management. the objectives of this research were to: (1) compile selected published information on uncertainty related to measured streamflow and water quality data for small watersheds, (2) use a root mean square error propagation method to compare the uncertainty introduced by each procedural category, and (3) use the error propagation method to determine the cumulative probable uncertainty in measured streamflow, sediment, and nutrient data. Best case, typical, and worst case "data quality" scenarios were examined. Averaged across all constituents, the calculated cumulative probable uncertainty (+/-%) contributed under typical scenarios ranged from 6% to 19% for streamflow measurement, from 4% to 48% for sample collection, from 2% to 16% for sample preservation/storage, and from 5% to 21% for laboratory analysis. Under typical conditions, errors in storm loads ranged from 8% to 104% for dissolved nutrients, from 8% to 110% for total N and P and from 7% to 53% for TSS. Results indicated that uncertainty can increase substantially under poor measurement conditions and limited quality control effort. This research provides introductory scientific estimates of uncertainty in measured water quality data. The results and procedures presented should also assist modelers in quantifying the "quality" of calibration and evaluation data sets, determining model accuracy goals, and evaluating model performance. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Macaulay Inst, Aberdeen, Scotland. USGS, Austin, TX USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM dharmel@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 68 TC 200 Z9 203 U1 5 U2 63 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 689 EP 701 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 061GX UT WOS:000238860600012 ER PT J AU Winfield, KA Nimmo, JR Izbicki, JA Martin, PM AF Winfield, KA Nimmo, JR Izbicki, JA Martin, PM TI Resolving structural influences on water-retention properties of alluvial deposits SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; BULK-DENSITY; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; AIR ENCAPSULATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; TEXTURE; MODEL; INFILTRATION; SATURATION AB With the goal of improving property-transfer model (PTM) predictions of unsaturated hydraulic properties, we investigated the influence of sedimentary structure, defined as particle arrangement during deposition, on laboratory-measured water retention (water content vs. potential [theta(psi)]) of 10 undisturbed core samples from alluvial deposits in the western Mojave Desert, California. The samples were classified as having fluvial or debris-flow structure based on observed stratification and measured spread of particle-size distribution. The theta(psi) data were fit with the Rossi-Nimmo junction model, representing water retention with three parameters: the maximum water content (theta(max)), the psi-scaling parameter (psi(o)), and the shape parameter (lambda). We examined trends between these hydraulic parameters and bulk physical properties, both textural-geometric mean, M-g, and geometric standard deviation, sigma(g), of particle diameter - and structural - bulk density, rho(b), the fraction of unfilled pore space at natural saturation, A(e), and porosity-based randomness index, Phi(s), defined as the excess of total porosity over 0.3. Structural parameters Phi(s) and A(e) were greater for fluvial samples, indicating greater structural pore space and a possibly broader pore-size distribution associated with a more systematic arrangement of particles. Multiple linear regression analysis and Mallow's C-p statistic identified combinations of textural and structural parameters for the most useful predictive models: for theta(max), including A(e), Phi(s), and sigma(g), and for both psi(o) and lambda, including only textural parameters, although use of A(e) can somewhat improve psi(o) predictions. Textural properties can explain most of the sample-to-sample variation in theta(psi) independent of deposit type, but inclusion of the simple structural indicators A(e) and Phi(s) can improve PTM predictions, especially for the wettest part of the theta(psi) curve. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Nimmo, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 421, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrnimmo@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 706 EP 719 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0088 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 047ZF UT WOS:000237916500016 ER PT J AU Haynes, S Gragg, RD Johnson, E Robinson, L Orazio, CE AF Haynes, S Gragg, RD Johnson, E Robinson, L Orazio, CE TI An evaluation of a reagentless method for the determination of total mercury in aquatic life SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE biological samples; cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry; direct mercury analyzer (DMA-80); fish; homogenization; total mercury; wet weight analysis ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; GOLD AMALGAMATION; FISH; DIGESTION; HG AB Multiple treatment (i.e., drying, chemical digestion, and oxidation) steps are often required during preparation of biological matrices for quantitative analysis of mercury; these multiple steps could potentially lead to systematic errors and poor recovery of the analyte. In this study, the Direct Mercury Analyzer (Milestone Inc., Monroe, CT) was utilized to measure total mercury in fish tissue by integrating steps of drying, sample combustion and gold sequestration with successive identification using atomic absorption spectrometry. We also evaluated the differences between the mercury concentrations found in samples that were homogenized and samples with no preparation. These results were confirmed with cold vapor atomic absorbance and fluorescence spectrometric methods of analysis. Finally, total mercury in wild captured largemouth bass (n = 20) were assessed using the Direct Mercury Analyzer to examine internal variability between mercury concentrations in muscle, liver and brain organs. Direct analysis of total mercury measured in muscle tissue was strongly correlated with muscle tissue that was homogenized before analysis (r = 0.81, p < 0.0001). Additionally, results using this integrated method compared favorably (p < 0.05) with conventional cold vapor spectrometry with atomic absorbance and fluorescence detection methods. Mercury concentrations in brain were significantly lower than concentrations in muscle (p < 0.001) and liver (p < 0.05) tissues. This integrated method can measure a wide range of mercury concentrations (0-500 mu g) using small sample sizes. Total mercury measurements in this study are comparative to the methods (cold vapor) commonly used for total mercury analysis and are devoid of laborious sample preparation and expensive hazardous waste. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. Florida A&M Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Tallahassee, FL USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. RP Haynes, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. EM shaynes@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 172 IS 1-4 BP 359 EP 374 DI 10.1007/s11270-006-9101-6 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 037CQ UT WOS:000237124700020 ER PT J AU Burns, DA McHale, MR Driscoll, CT Roy, KM AF Burns, DA McHale, MR Driscoll, CT Roy, KM TI Response of surface water chemistry to reduced levels of acid precipitation: comparison of trends in two regions of New York, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE acid precipitation; surface water chemistry; trends; sulphate; nitrate; ANC; DOC; Catskills; adirondacks; New York ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; ADIRONDACK REGION; ACIDIFICATION TRENDS; TEMPORAL COHERENCE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; WET DEPOSITION; LAKES; PATTERNS AB In light of recent reductions in sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) emissions mandated by Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, temporal trends and trend coherence in precipitation (1984-2001 and 1992-2001) and surface water chemistry (1992-2001) were determined in two of the most acid-sensitive regions of North America, i.e. the Catskill and Adirondack Mountains of New York. Precipitation chemistry data from six sites located near these regions showed decreasing sulphate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), and base cation (CB) concentrations and increasing pH during 1984-2001, but few significant trends during 1992-2001. Data from five Catskill streams and 12 Adirondack lakes showed decreasing trends in SO42- concentrations at all sites, and decreasing trends in NO3-, C-B, and H+ concentrations and increasing trends in dissolved organic carbon at most sites. In contrast, acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) increased significantly at only about half the Adirondack lakes and in one of the Catskill streams. Flow correction prior to trend analysis did not change any trend directions and had little effect on SO42- trends, but it caused several significant non-flow-corrected trends in NO3- and ANC to become non-significant, suggesting that trend results for flow-sensitive constituents are affected by flow-related climate variation. SO42- concentrations showed high temporal coherence in precipitation, surface waters, and in precipitation-surface water comparisons, reflecting a strong link between S emissions, precipitation SO42- concentrations, and the processes that affect S cycling within these regions. NO3- and H+ concentrations and ANC generally showed weak coherence, especially in surface waters and in precipitation-surface water comparisons, indicating that variation in local-scale processes driven by factors such as climate are affecting trends in acid-base chemistry in these two regions. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Watersheds Res Stn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Ray Brook, NY 12977 USA. RP Burns, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Watersheds Res Stn, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM daburns@usgs.gov RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 63 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD APR 30 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1611 EP 1627 DI 10.1002/hyp.5961 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 038NW UT WOS:000237230500011 ER PT J AU Hunt, RJ Feinstein, DT Pint, CD Anderson, MP AF Hunt, RJ Feinstein, DT Pint, CD Anderson, MP TI The importance of diverse data types to calibrate a watershed model of the Trout Lake Basin, Northern Wisconsin, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE watershed; numerical model; parameter estimation; calibration; lakes ID ESTIMATING GROUNDWATER EXCHANGE; LINEAR-REGRESSION; TRANSPORT; FLOW AB As part of the USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets project and the NSF Long-Term Ecological Research work, a parameter estimation code was used to calibrate a deterministic groundwater flow model of the Trout Lake Basin in northern Wisconsin. Observations included traditional calibration targets (head, lake stage, and baseflow observations) as well as unconventional targets such as groundwater flows to and from lakes, depth of a lake water plume, and time of travel. The unconventional data types were important for parameter estimation convergence and allowed the development of a more detailed parameterization capable of resolving model objectives with well-constrained parameter values. Independent estimates of groundwater inflow to lakes were most important for constraining lakebed leakance and the depth of the lake water plume was important for determining hydraulic conductivity and conceptual aquifer layering. The most important target overall, however, was a conventional regional baseflow target that led to correct distribution of flow between sub-basins and the regional system during model calibration. The use of an automated parameter estimation code: (1) facilitated the calibration process by providing a quantitative assessment of the model's ability to match disparate observed data types; and (2) allowed assessment of the influence of observed targets on the calibration process. The model calibration required the use of a 'universal' parameter estimation code in order to include all types of observations in the objective function. The methods described in this paper help address issues of watershed complexity and non-uniqueness common to deterministic watershed models. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Milwaukee, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53362 USA. EM rjhunt@usgs.gov; dtfeinst@usgs.gov; cpint@barr.com; andy@geology.wisc.edu NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 30 PY 2006 VL 321 IS 1-4 BP 286 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.08.005 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 036TV UT WOS:000237099500019 ER PT J AU Meinertz, JR Greseth, SL Schreier, TM Bernardy, JA Gingerich, WH AF Meinertz, JR Greseth, SL Schreier, TM Bernardy, JA Gingerich, WH TI Isoeugenol concentrations in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skin-on fillet tissue after exposure to AQUI-S (TM) at different temperatures, durations, and concentrations SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE AQUI-S (TM); isoeugenol; aquaculture drug residue ID CLOVE OIL; GILLS; BENZOCAINE; EFFICACY; MODEL AB AQUI-S (TM) is a fish anesthetic/sedative approved for use in several countries including Australia, Chile, and New Zealand and is being pursued for use in the United States. Legal use of AQUI-S (TM) as an anesthetic in U.S. fish culture depends on approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To gain approval in the United States, a number of drug attributes must be characterized including (1) depletion of a drug's total residues from edible fillet tissue taken from exposed fish and (2) depletion of one primary drug residue (a markerresidue) from the fillet tissue. The markerresidue is selected on the basis of data generated during the total residue depletion study. Characterizing marker residue depletion allows the FDA to establish a withdrawal time for exposed fish ensuring total residue concentrations reach safe levels before fish are made available for human consumption in the U.S. Before an AQUI-S (TM) total residue depletion study could be conducted with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the exposure parameters (water temperature, isoeugenol concentration, and exposure duration) that generate the greatest total AQUI-S (TM) residues in fillet tissue need to be determined. Rainbow trout were exposed to AQUI-S (TM) in water temperatures of 7, 12, and 17 degrees C in one of two static exposure regimens: (1) AQUI-S (TM) concentrations of 14 mg/L (nominal concentration) with an exposure duration of 60 min or (2) AQUI-S (TM) concentrations of 34 mg/L (nominal concentration) with an exposure duration of 10 min (exposure conditions based on probable U.S. use regimens). Immediately after the end of an exposure, fish were rinsed, sacrificed, and skin-on fillets removed. The fillets were homogenized with dry ice, the homogenate extracted with acetonitrile, and extracts analyzed for isoeugenol (the active ingredient in AQUI-S (TM)) by liquid chromatography with absorbance detection. At common water temperatures, the tissue concentration of isoeugenol in fillet tissue from fish exposed to 14-mg/L AQUI-S (TM) for 60 min was significantly greater than the isoeugenol concentration in fillet tissue from fish exposed to 34-mg/L AQUI-S (TM) for 10 min (P < 0.01). The isoeugenol concentration (78.8 mu g/g) found in fillet tissue from fish exposed to 14-mg/L AQUI-S (TM) for 60 min at 17 degrees C was significantly greater than the isoeugenol tissue concentration (57.3 mu g/g) generated at 7 degrees C (P < 0.01), but was not significantly greater than the isoeugenol tissue concentration (70.7 mu g/g) generated at 12 degrees C (P = 0.22). AQUI-S (TM) exposure regimens and exposure temperatures can significantly impact drug residue concentrations in fillet tissue. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Meinertz, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jmeinertz@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 28 PY 2006 VL 254 IS 1-4 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.09.028 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 046VI UT WOS:000237838800038 ER PT J AU Scott, JM Goble, DD AF Scott, JM Goble, DD TI Ongoing threats to endemic species SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Law, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Scott, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 28 PY 2006 VL 312 IS 5773 BP 526 EP 526 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 039HN UT WOS:000237296700016 PM 16645074 ER PT J AU Circone, S Kirby, SH Stern, LA AF Circone, S Kirby, SH Stern, LA TI Thermodynamic calculations in the system CH4-H2O and methane hydrate phase equilibria SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID BRILLOUIN SPECTROSCOPY; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; ICE-IH; 2.8 KBAR; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; ETHANE AB Using the Gibbs function of reaction, equilibrium pressure, temperature conditions for the formation of methane clathrate hydrate have been calculated from the thermodynamic properties of phases in the system CH4-H2O. The thermodynamic model accurately reproduces the published phase-equilibria data to within 2 K of the observed equilibrium boundaries in the range 0.08-117 MPa and 190-307 K. The model also provides an estimate of the third-law entropy of methane hydrate at 273.15 K, 0. 1 MPa of 56.2 J mol(-1) K-1 for I In CH4 center dot H2O, where n is the hydrate number. Agreement between the calculated and published phase-equilibria data is optimized when the hydrate composition is fixed and independent of the pressure and temperature for the conditions modeled. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stern, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lstern@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 27 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 16 BP 8232 EP 8239 DI 10.1021/jp055422f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 037RD UT WOS:000237163700011 PM 16623501 ER PT J AU Gao, S Goldberg, S Herbel, MJ Chalmers, AT Fujii, R Tanji, KK AF Gao, S Goldberg, S Herbel, MJ Chalmers, AT Fujii, R Tanji, KK TI Sorption processes affecting arsenic solubility in oxidized surface sediments from Tulare Lake bed, California SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV 03, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Soil Sci Soc Amer DE arsenate; adsorption; surface complexation model; hysteresis ID CHROMATE RETENTION MECHANISMS; COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; OXIDE MINERALS; CLAY-MINERALS; GOETHITE; DESORPTION; COMPLEXATION; FERRIHYDRITE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) in shallow groundwater in Tulare Basin pose an environmental risk because of the carcinogenic properties of As and the potential for its migration to deep aquifers that could serve as a future drinking water source. Adsorption and desorption are hypothesized to be the major processes controlling As solubility in oxidized surface sediments where arsenate [As(V)] is dominant. This study examined the relationship between sorption processes and arsenic solubility in shallow sediments from the dry Tulare Lake bed by determining sorption isotherms, PH effect on solubility, and desorption-readsorption behavior (hysteresis), and by using a surface complexation model to describe sorption. The sediments showed a high capacity to adsorb As(V). Estimates of the maximum adsorption capacity were 92 mg As kg(-1) at PH 7.5 and 70 mg As kg(-1) at PH 8.5 obtained using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Soluble arsenic [> 97% As(V)] did not increase dramatically until above PH 10. In the native PH range (7.5-8.5), soluble As concentrations were close to the lowest, indicating that As was strongly retained on the sediment. A surface complexation model, the constant capacitance model, was able to provide a simultaneous fit to both adsorption isotherms (PH 7.5 and 8.5) and the adsorption envelope (PH effect on soluble As), although the data ranges are one order of magnitude different. A hysteresis phenomenon between As adsorbed on the sediment and As in solution phase was observed in the desorption-readsorption processes and differs from conventional hysteresis observed in adsorption-desorption processes. The cause is most likely due to modification of adsorbent surfaces in sediment samples upon extensive extractions (or desorption). The significance of the hysteresis phenomenon in affecting As solubility and mobility may be better understood by further microscopic studies of As interaction mechanisms with sediments subjected to extensive leaching in natural environments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gao, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM sgao@fresno.ars.usda.gov RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 16 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.017 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 035JT UT WOS:000236997800004 ER PT J AU Huff, GF AF Huff, GF TI Aquifer composition and the tendency toward scale-deposit formation during reverse osmosis desalination - examples from saline ground water in New Mexico, USA SO DESALINATION LA English DT Article DE desalination; hydrochemical modeling; reverse osmosis; scale deposits ID PREDICTION; SYSTEM AB Desalination is expected to make a substantial contribution to water supply in the United States by 2020. Currently, reverse osmosis is one of the most cost effective and widely used desalination technologies. The tendency to form scale deposits during reverse osmosis is an important factor in determining the suitability of input waters for use in desalination. The tendency toward scale formation of samples of saline ground water from selected geologic units in New Mexico was assessed using simulated evaporation. All saline water samples showed a strong tendency to form CaCO3 scale deposits. Saline ground water samples from the Yeso Formation and the San Andres Limestone showed relatively stronger tendencies to form CaSO(4)(.)2H(2)O scale deposits and relatively weaker tendencies to form SiO2(a) scale deposits than saline ground water samples from the Rio Grande alluvium. Tendencies toward scale formation in saline ground water samples from the Dockum Group were highly variable. The tendencies toward scale formation of saline waters from the Yeso Formation, San Andres Limestone, and Rio Grande alluvium appear to correlate with the mineralogical composition of the geologic units, suggesting that scale-forming tendencies are governed by aquifer composition and water-rock interaction. C1 New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept 3ARP, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. RP Huff, GF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept 3ARP, POB 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. EM gfhuff@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-9164 J9 DESALINATION JI Desalination PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 190 IS 1-3 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.desal.2005.09.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 037TK UT WOS:000237169800022 ER PT J AU Edmonds, M Gerlach, TM AF Edmonds, M Gerlach, TM TI The airborne lava-seawater interaction plume at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ocean entry; lava flows; hydrogen chloride; magnesium chloride; plume; aerosol; Kilauea ID NITROGEN; SEA AB Lava flows into the sea at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, and generates an airborne gas and aerosol plume. Water (H2O), hydrogen chloride (HCl), carbon dioxide (CO2) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) gases were quantified in the plume in 2004-2005, using Open Path Fourier Transform infra-red Spectroscopy. The molar abundances of these species and thermodynamic modelling are used to discuss their generation. The range in molar HCl/H2O confirms that HCl is generated when seawater is boiled dry and magnesium salts are hydrolysed (as proposed by [T.M. Gerlach, J.L. Krumhansl, R.O. Fournier, J. Kjargaard, Acid rain from the hearing and evaporation of seawater by molten lava: a new volcanic hazard, EOS (Trans. Am. Geophys. Un.) 70 (1989) 1421-1422]), in contrast to models of Na-metasomatism. Airborne droplets of boiled seawater brine form nucleii for subsequent H,O-2 and HCl condensation, which acidifies the droplets and liberates CO2 gas from bicarbonate and carbonate. NO, is derived from the thermal decomposition of nitrates in coastal seawater, which takes place as the lava heats droplets of boiled seawater brine to 350-400 degrees C. SO2 is derived from the degassing of subaerial lava flows on the coastal plain. The calculated mass flux of HCl from a moderate-sized ocean entry significantly increases the total HCl emission at Kilauea (including magmatic sources) and is comparable to industrial HCl emitters in the United States. For larger lava ocean entries, the flux of HC1 will cause intense local environmental hazards, such as high localised HCl concentrations and acid rain. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Edmonds, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, 51 Crater Rim Dr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM medmonds@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 244 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.005 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 035HL UT WOS:000236991300007 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, PJ Stephenson, NL Keeley, JE AF van Mantgem, PJ Stephenson, NL Keeley, JE TI Forest reproduction along a climatic gradient in the Sierra Nevada, California SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE elevational gradient; demography; fire effects; reproduction; seedlings; seeds ID MIXED-CONIFER; SEEDLING RECRUITMENT; TREE RECRUITMENT; PRESCRIBED FIRE; STEM DIAMETER; LIFE-STAGE; EL-NINO; PATTERNS; ESTABLISHMENT; TURNOVER AB To elucidate broad-scale environmental controls of coniferous forest reproduction in the Sierra Nevada, California, we monitored reproduction for 5 years in 47 plots arrayed across a steep elevational (climatic) gradient. We found that both absolute seedling densities (stems < 1.37 m) and seedling densities relative to overstory parent tree basal area declined sharply with elevation. Rates of seedling turnover (the average of birth and death rates) also declined with elevation. In contrast, seed production was not predicted by elevation and was highly variable from year to year. During a mast year of seed production, the intensity of masting was uneven among plots. Seedling densities were elevated only during the single year immediately following the mast year, suggesting reproduction in our forests may be primarily limited by abiotic factors such as the availability of suitable sites and weather. Disturbance also clearly affected reproduction; plots that had recently burned had significantly higher seedling to parent tree ratios for Abies species, suggesting that even though established Abies concolor may be relatively susceptible to fire, the species can recover rapidly through prolific reproduction. Since reproductive failures may be our earliest signal of changing forest conditions, seedling dynamics could provide a sensitive, if variable, indicator of environmental changes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP van Mantgem, PJ (reprint author), USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, 47050 Gen Highway 4, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 225 IS 1-3 BP 391 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.01.015 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 031BF UT WOS:000236678400040 ER PT J AU Esposito, RMM Horn, SL McKnight, DM Cox, MJ Grant, MC Spaulding, SA Doran, PT Cozzetto, KD AF Esposito, RMM Horn, SL McKnight, DM Cox, MJ Grant, MC Spaulding, SA Doran, PT Cozzetto, KD TI Antarctic climate cooling and response of diatoms in glacial meltwater streams SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECIES-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS; FRESH-WATER DIATOMS; EAST ANTARCTICA; TAYLOR VALLEY; DRY VALLEYS; ISLAND; LAKES; BIOGEOGRAPHY; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES AB To understand biotic responses to an Antarctic cooling trend, we analyzed diatom samples from glacial meltwater streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, the largest ice-free area in Antarctica. Diatoms are abundant in these streams, and 24 of 40 species have only been found in the Antarctic. The percentage of these Antarctic diatom species increased with decreasing annual stream flow and increasing harshness of the stream habitat. The species diversity of assemblages reached a maximum when the Antarctic species accounted for 40-60% of relative diatom abundance. Decreased solar radiation and air-temperatures reduce annual stream flow, raising the dominance of these Antarctic species to levels above 60%. Thus, cooling favors the Antarctic species, and lowers diatom species diversity in this region. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Esposito, RMM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, INSTAAR, Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rhea.esposito@colorado.edu OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 31 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 AR L07406 DI 10.1029/2006GL025903 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 039DL UT WOS:000237281300008 ER PT J AU Alfaro, EJ Gershunov, A Cayan, D AF Alfaro, EJ Gershunov, A Cayan, D TI Prediction of summer maximum and minimum temperature over the central and western United States: The roles of soil moisture and sea surface temperature SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX; AIR TEMPERATURES; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTABILITY; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE AB A statistical model based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to explore climatic associations and predictability of June-August (JJA) maximum and minimum surface air temperatures (Tmax and Tmin) as well as the frequency of Tmax daily extremes (Tmax90) in the central and western United States (west of 90 degrees W). Explanatory variables are monthly and seasonal Pacific Ocean SST (PSST) and the Climate Division Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) during 1950-2001. Although there is a positive correlation between Tmax and Tmin, the two variables exhibit somewhat different patterns and dynamics. Both exhibit their lowest levels of variability in summer, but that of Tmax is greater than Tmin. The predictability of Tmax is mainly associated with local effects related to previous soil moisture conditions at short range (one month to one season), with PSST providing a secondary influence. Predictability of Tmin is more strongly influenced by large-scale (PSST) patterns, with PDSI acting as a short-range predictive influence. For both predictand variables (Tmax and Tmin), the PDSI influence falls off markedly at time leads beyond a few months, but a PSST influence remains for at least two seasons. The maximum predictive skill for JJA Tmin, Tmax, and Tmax90 is from May PSST and PDSI. Importantly. skills evaluated for various seasons and time leads undergo a seasonal cycle that has maximum levels in summer. At the seasonal time frame, summer Tmax prediction skills are greatest in the Midwest, northern and central California, Arizona, and Utah. Similar results were found for Tmax90. In contrast, Tmin skill is spread over most of the western region, except for clusters of low skill in the northern Midwest and southern Montana, Idaho, and northern Arizona. C1 Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Fis, San Jose, Costa Rica. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Alfaro, EJ (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Fis, 2060 Ciudad Univ Rodrigo Facio, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM ejalfaro@cariari.ucr.ac.cr RI Dolk, Shaun/B-5656-2012; OI Alfaro, Eric/0000-0001-9278-5017 NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1407 EP 1421 DI 10.1175/JCLI3665.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 038MW UT WOS:000237227000003 ER PT J AU Schot, P Winter, T AF Schot, P Winter, T TI Groundwater-surface water interactions in wetlands for integrated water resources management - Preface SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. USGS Lakewood, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Schot, P (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, POB 80-115, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. EM p.schot@geog.uu.nl; tcwinter@usgs.gov RI Schot, Paul/M-4125-2013 OI Schot, Paul/0000-0002-0346-0737 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 320 IS 3-4 BP 261 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.021 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 030LU UT WOS:000236636900001 ER PT J AU Webb, RH Leake, SA AF Webb, RH Leake, SA TI Ground-water surface-water interactions and long-term change in riverine riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th INTECOL Conference CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS DE floods; riparian vegetation; surface water; ground water; geomorphology; channel change ID COLORADO PLATEAU; VELVET MESQUITE; USA; ARIZONA; DECLINE AB Riverine riparian vegetation has changed throughout the southwestern United States, prompting concern about losses of habitat and biodiversity. Woody riparian vegetation grows in a variety of geomorphic settings ranging from bedrock-lined channels to perennial streams crossing deep alluvium and is dependent on interaction between ground-water and surface-water resources. Historically, few reaches in Arizona, southern Utah, or eastern California below 1530 m elevation had closed gallery forests of cottonwood and willow; instead, many alluvial reaches that now support riparian gallery forests once had marshy grasslands and most bedrock canyons were essentially barren. Repeat photography using more than 3000 historical images of rivers indicates that riparian vegetation has increased over much of the region. These increases appear to be related to several factors, notably the reduction in beaver populations by trappers in the 19th century, downcutting of arroyos that drained alluvial aquifers between 1880 and 1910, the frequent recurrence of winter floods during discrete periods of the 20th century, an increased growing season, and stable ground-water levels. Reductions in riparian vegetation result from agricultural clearing, excessive ground-water use, complete flow diversion, and impoundment of reservoirs. Elimination of riparian vegetation occurs either where high ground-water use lowers the water table below the rooting depth of riparian species, where base flow is completely diverted, or both. We illustrate regional changes using case histories of the San Pedro and Santa Cruz Rivers, which are adjacent watersheds in southern Arizona with long histories of water development and different trajectories of change in riparian vegetation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Webb, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. EM rhwebb@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 320 IS 3-4 BP 302 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.022 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 030LU UT WOS:000236636900004 ER PT J AU Hunt, RJ Strand, M Walker, JF AF Hunt, RJ Strand, M Walker, JF TI Measuring groundwater-surface water interaction and its effect on wetland stream benthic productivity, Trout Lake watershed, northern Wisconsin, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th INTECOL Conference CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS DE groundwater-surface water interaction; wetland; upwelling; benthic invertebrates; periphyton respiration ID SANDY SILICATE AQUIFER; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; HYPORHEIC ZONE; SEEPAGE LAKE; MODEL; RIVER; EVOLUTION; EXCHANGE; BIOMASS; SUMMER AB Measurements of groundwater-surface water exchange at three wetland stream sites were related to patterns in benthic productivity as part of the US Geological Survey's Northern Temperate Lakes-Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets (NTL-WEBB) project. The three sites included one high groundwater discharge (HGD) site, one weak groundwater discharge (WGD) site, and one groundwater recharge (GR) site. Large upward vertical gradients at the HGD site were associated with smallest variation in head below the stream and fewest gradient reversals between the stream and the groundwater beneath the stream, and the stream and the adjacent streambank. The WGD site had the highest number of gradient reversals reflecting the average condition being closest to zero vertical gradient. The duration of groundwater discharge events was related to the amount of discharge, where the HGD site had the longest strong-gradient durations for both horizontal and vertical groundwater flow. Strong groundwater discharge also controlled transient temperature and chemical hyporheic conditions by limiting the infiltration of surface water. Groundwater-surface water interactions were related to highly significant patterns in benthic invertebrate abundance, taxonomic richness, and periphyton respiration. The HGD site abundance was 35% greater than in the WGD site and 53% greater than the GR site; richness and periphyton respiration were also significantly greater (P <= 0.001, 31 and 44%, respectively) in the HGD site than in the GR site. The WGD site had greater abundance (27%), richness (19%) and periphyton respiration (39%) than the GR site. This work suggests groundwater-surface water interactions can strongly influence benthic productivity, thus emphasizing the importance of quantitative hydrology for management of wetland-stream ecosystems in the northern temperate regions. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. No Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM rjhunt@usgs.gov; rostrand@nmu.edu; jfwalker@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 320 IS 3-4 BP 370 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.029 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 030LU UT WOS:000236636900008 ER PT J AU Harvey, JW Newlin, JT Krupa, SL AF Harvey, JW Newlin, JT Krupa, SL TI Modeling decadal timescale interactions between surface water and ground water in the central Everglades, Florida, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th INTECOL Conference CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS DE wetlands; ground water; isotopes; Everglades; hyporheic; OTIS ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; SOUTH FLORIDA; AQUIFER; EXCHANGE; WETLANDS; TRITIUM; HE-3; DISCHARGE; ISOTOPES; RECHARGE AB Surface-water and ground-water flow are coupled in the central Everglades, although the remoteness of this system has hindered many previous attempts to quantify interactions between surface water and ground water. We modeled flow through a 43,000 ha basin in the central Everglades called Water Conservation Area 2A. The purpose of the model was to quantify recharge and discharge in the basin's vast interior areas. The presence and distribution of tritium in ground water was the principal constraint on the modeling, based on measurements in 25 research wells ranging in depth from 2 to 37 m. In addition to average characteristics of surface-water flow, the model parameters included depth of the layer of 'interactive' ground water that is actively exchanged with surface water, average residence time of interactive ground water, and the associated recharge and discharge fluxes across the wetland ground surface. Results indicated that only a relatively thin (8 m) layer of the 60 m deep surfical aquifer actively exchanges surface water and ground water on a decadal timescale. The calculated storage depth of interactive ground water was 3.1 m after adjustment for the porosity of peat and sandy limestone. Modeling of the tritium data yielded an average residence time of 90 years in interactive ground water, with associated recharge and discharge fluxes equal to 0.01 cm d(-1).H-3/He-3 isotopic ratio measurements (which correct for effects of vertical mixing in the aquifer with deeper, tritium-dead water) were available from several wells, and these indicated an average residence time of 25 years, suggesting that residence time was overestimated using tritium measurements alone. Indeed, both residence time and storage depth would be expected to be overestimated due to vertical mixing. The estimate of recharge and discharge (0.01 cm d(-1)) that resulted from tritium modeling therefore is still considered reliable, because the ratio of residence time and storage depth (used to calculated recharge and discharge) is much less sensitive to vertical mixing compared with residence time alone. We conclude that a small but potentially significant component of flow through the Everglades is recharged to the aquifer and stored there for years to decades before discharged back to surface water. Long-term storage of water and solutes in the ground-water system beneath the wetlands has implications for restoration of Everglades water quality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA USA. S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33578 USA. RP Harvey, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA USA. EM jwharvey@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 32 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 320 IS 3-4 BP 400 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.024 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 030LU UT WOS:000236636900010 ER PT J AU Cohen, D Person, M Daannen, R Locke, S Dahlstrom, D Zabielski, V Winter, TC Rosenberry, DO Wright, H Ito, E Nieber, JL Gutowski, WJ AF Cohen, D Person, M Daannen, R Locke, S Dahlstrom, D Zabielski, V Winter, TC Rosenberry, DO Wright, H Ito, E Nieber, JL Gutowski, WJ TI Groundwater-supported evapotranspiration within glaciated watersheds under conditions of climate change SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th INTECOL Conference CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS DE groundwater flow; evapotranspiration; Richard's equation; climatic change; Crow Wing watershed ID UNSATURATED FLOW; CALIBRATION; EQUATION; MODELS; SOILS AB This paper analyzes the effects of geology and geomorphology on surface-water/-groundwater interactions, evapotranspiration, and recharge under conditions of long-term climatic change. Our analysis uses hydrologic data from the glaciated Crow Wing watershed in central Minnesota, USA, combined with a hydrologic model of transient coupled unsaturated/saturated flow (HYDRAT2D). Analysis of historical water-table (1970-1993) and lake-level (1924-2002) records indicates that larger amplitude and longer period fluctuations occur within the upland portions of watersheds due to the response of the aquifer system to relatively short-term climatic fluctuations. Under drought conditions, lake and water-table levels fell by as much as 2-4 m in the uplands but by 1 m in the lowlands. The same pattern can be seen on millennial time scales. Analysis of Holocene lake-core records indicates that Moody Lake, located near the outlet of the Crow Wing watershed, fell by as much as 4 m between about 4400 and 7000 yr BP. During the same time, water levels in Lake Mina, located near the upland watershed divide, fell by about 15 m. Reconstructed Holocene climate as represented by HYDRAT2D gives somewhat larger drops (6 and 24 m for Moody Lake and Lake Mina, respectively). The discrepancy is probably due to the effect of three-dimensional flow. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out to study how aquifer hydraulic conductivity and land-surface topography can influence water-table fluctuations, wetlands formation, and evapotranspiration. The models were run by recycling a wet year (1985, 87 cm annual precipitation) over a 10-year period followed by 20 years of drier and warmer climate (1976, 38 cm precipitation). Model results indicated that groundwater-supported evapotranspiration accounted for as much as 12% (10 cm) of evapotranspiration. The aquifers of highest hydraulic conductivity had the least amount of groundwater-supported evapotranspiration owing to a deep water table. Recharge was even more sensitive to aquifer hydraulic conductivity, especially in the lowland regions. These findings have important implications for paleoclimatic studies, because the hydrologic response of a surface-water body will vary across the watershed to a given climate signal. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. WHPA Inc, Bloomington, IN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ So Maine, Portland, ME 04103 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. RP Cohen, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dcohen@iastate.edu RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; Cohen, Denis/P-2015-2016; OI Cohen, Denis/0000-0002-8262-9798; Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641; Ito, Emi/0000-0001-9401-243X NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 320 IS 3-4 BP 484 EP 500 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.051 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 030LU UT WOS:000236636900014 ER PT J AU Wilcox, DA Sweat, MJ Carlson, ML Kowalski, KP AF Wilcox, DA Sweat, MJ Carlson, ML Kowalski, KP TI A water-budget approach to restoring a sedge fen affected by diking and ditching SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th INTECOL Conference CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS DE ground-water/surface-water interactions; water budget; wetland restoration; Seney National Wildlife Refuge ID COTTONWOOD LAKE AREA; DRAINAGE DITCHES; NORTH-DAKOTA; GROUND-WATER; VEGETATION; PEATLAND; WETLANDS; HYDROLOGY; EQUATIONS; MOORLAND AB A vast, ground-water-supported sedge fen in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA was ditched in the early 1900 s in a failed attempt to promote agriculture. Dikes were later constructed to impound seasonal sheet surface flows for waterfowl management. The US Fish and Wildlife Service, which now manages the wetland as part of Seney National Wildlife Refuge, sought to redirect water flows from impounded C-3 Pool to reduce erosion in downstream Walsh Ditch, reduce ground-water losses into the ditch, and restore sheet flows of surface water to the peatland. A water budget was developed for C-3 Pool, which serves as the central receiving and distribution body for water in the affected wetland. Surface-water inflows and outflows were measured in associated ditches and natural creeks, ground-water flows were estimated using a network of wells and piezometers, and precipitation and evaporation/evapotranspiration components were estimated using local meteorological data. Water budgets for the 1999 springtime peak flow period and the 1999 water year were used to estimate required releases of water from C-3 Pool via outlets other than Walsh Ditch and to guide other restoration activities. Refuge managers subsequently used these results to guide restoration efforts, including construction of earthen darns in Walsh Ditch upslope from the pool to stop surface flow, installation of new water-control structures to redirect surface water to sheet flow and natural creek channels, planning seasonal releases from C-3 Pool to avoid erosion in natural channels, stopping flow in downslope Walsh Ditch to reduce erosion, and using constructed earthen dams and natural beaver dams to flood the ditch channel below C-3 Pool. Interactions between ground water and surface water are critical for maintaining ecosystem processes in many wetlands, and management actions directed at restoring either ground- or surface-water flow patterns often affect both of these components of the water budget. This approach could thus prove useful in guiding restoration efforts in many hydrologically altered and managed wetlands worldwide. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Wilcox, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM douglas_wilcox@usgs.gov OI Kowalski, Kurt/0000-0002-8424-4701 NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 15 PY 2006 VL 320 IS 3-4 BP 501 EP 517 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.026 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 030LU UT WOS:000236636900015 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, WL AF Ellsworth, WL TI Earthquake anniversary - Halfway through Reid's cycle and counting SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ellsworth, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ellsworth@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 14 PY 2006 VL 312 IS 5771 BP 203 EP 204 DI 10.1126/science.1124890 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 032HK UT WOS:000236765300028 PM 16614202 ER PT J AU Savage, JC AF Savage, JC TI Dislocation pileup as a representation of strain accumulation on a strike-slip fault SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID VISCOELASTIC-COUPLING MODEL; FRANCISCO BAY AREA; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; KINEMATICS; RATES; ZONE AB [ 1] The conventional model of strain accumulation on a vertical transform fault is a discrete screw dislocation in an elastic half-space with the Burgers vector of the dislocation increasing at the rate of relative plate motion. It would be more realistic to replace that discrete dislocation by a dislocation distribution, presumably a pileup in which the individual dislocations are in equilibrium. The length of the pileup depends upon the applied stress and the amount of slip that has occurred at depth. I argue here that the dislocation pileup ( the transition on the fault from no slip to slip at the full plate rate) occupies a substantial portion of the lithosphere thickness. A discrete dislocation at an adjustable depth can reproduce the surface deformation profile predicted by a pileup so closely that it will be difficult to distinguish between the two models. The locking depth ( dislocation depth) of that discrete dislocation approximation is substantially ( similar to 30%) larger than that ( depth to top of the pileup) in the pileup model. Thus, in inverting surface deformation data using the discrete dislocation model, the locking depth in the model should not be interpreted as the true locking depth. Although dislocation pileup models should provide a good explanation of the surface deformation near the fault trace, that explanation may not be adequate at greater distances from the fault trace because approximating the expected horizontally distributed deformation at subcrustal depths by uniform slip concentrated on the fault is not justified. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jasavage@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 13 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B4 AR B04405 DI 10.1029/2005JB004021 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 039ED UT WOS:000237283600004 ER PT J AU Waite, GP Smith, RB Allen, RM AF Waite, GP Smith, RB Allen, RM TI V-P and V-S structure of the Yellowstone hot spot from teleseismic tomography: Evidence for an upper mantle plume SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Review ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE; SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; BENEATH ICELAND; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; TRANSITION ZONE; CONVECTION PLUMES; THERMAL STRUCTURE; VOLCANIC FIELD; LEAST-SQUARES AB [1] The movement of the lithosphere over a stationary mantle magmatic source, often thought to be a mantle plume, explains key features of the 16 Ma Yellowstone - Snake River Plain volcanic system. However, the seismic signature of a Yellowstone plume has remained elusive because of the lack of adequate data. We employ new teleseismic P and S wave traveltime data to develop tomographic images of the Yellowstone hot spot upper mantle. The teleseismic data were recorded with two temporary seismograph arrays deployed in a 500 km by 600 km area centered on Yellowstone. Additional data from nearby regional seismic networks were incorporated into the data set. The V-P and V-S models reveal a strong low-velocity anomaly from similar to 50 to 200 km directly beneath the Yellowstone caldera and eastern Snake River Plain, as has been imaged in previous studies. Peak anomalies are - 2.3% for V-P and - 5.5% for V-S. A weaker, anomaly with a velocity perturbation of up to - 1.0% V-P and - 2.5% V-S continues to at least 400 km depth. This anomaly dips 30 degrees from vertical, west-northwest to a location beneath the northern Rocky Mountains. We interpret the low-velocity body as a plume of upwelling hot, and possibly wet rock, from the mantle transition zone that promotes small-scale convection in the upper similar to 200 km of the mantle and long-lived volcanism. A high-velocity anomaly, 1.2% V-P and 1.9% V-S, is located at similar to 100 to 250 km depth southeast of Yellowstone and may represent a downwelling of colder, denser mantle material. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM gwaite@usgs.gov RI Waite, Gregory/B-7082-2009; OI Waite, Gregory/0000-0002-7092-8125 NR 108 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 13 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B4 AR B04303 DI 10.1029/2005JB003867 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 039ED UT WOS:000237283600002 ER PT J AU Hole, JA Ryberg, T Fuis, GS Bleibinhaus, F Sharma, AK AF Hole, JA Ryberg, T Fuis, GS Bleibinhaus, F Sharma, AK TI Structure of the San Andreas fault zone at SAFOD from a seismic refraction survey SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARKFIELD; CALIFORNIA; TOMOGRAPHY; STRESS AB Refraction traveltimes from a 46-km long seismic survey across the San Andreas Fault were inverted to obtain two-dimensional velocity structure of the upper crust near the SAFOD drilling project. The model contains strong vertical and lateral velocity variations from <2 km/s to similar to 6 km/s. The Salinian terrane west of the San Andreas Fault has much higher velocity than the Franciscan terrane east of the fault. Salinian basement deepens from 0.8 km subsurface at SAFOD to similar to 2.5 km subsurface 20 km to the southwest. A strong reflection and subtle velocity contrast suggest a steeply dipping fault separating the Franciscan terrane from the Great Valley Sequence. A low-velocity wedge of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks lies immediately southwest of the San Andreas Fault. This body is bounded by a steep fault just northeast of SAFOD and approaches the depth of the shallowest earthquakes. Multiple active and inactive fault strands complicate structure near SAFOD. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14471 Potsdam, Germany. RP Hole, JA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, 4044 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM hole@vt.edu; trond@gfz-potsdam.de; fuis@usgs.gov; bleibi@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de; arsharma@vt.edu RI Bleibinhaus, Florian/D-5612-2012; Ryberg, Trond/H-4329-2013; OI Ryberg, Trond/0000-0001-7129-5596; Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544; Hole, John/0000-0002-5349-9111 NR 23 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 AR L07312 DI 10.1029/2005GL025194 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 039DH UT WOS:000237280700003 ER PT J AU Worman, A Packman, AI Marklund, L Harvey, JW Stone, SH AF Worman, A Packman, AI Marklund, L Harvey, JW Stone, SH TI Exact three-dimensional spectral solution to surface-groundwater interactions with arbitrary surface topography SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; CATCHMENTS; STREAM; FLOW; EXCHANGE; SYSTEMS; STORAGE; ZONES AB It has been long known that land surface topography governs both groundwater flow patterns at the regional-to-continental scale and on smaller scales such as in the hyporheic zone of streams. Here we show that the surface topography can be separated in a Fourier-series spectrum that provides an exact solution of the underlying three-dimensional groundwater flows. The new spectral solution offers a practical tool for fast calculation of subsurface flows in different hydrological applications and provides a theoretical platform for advancing conceptual understanding of the effect of landscape topography on subsurface flows. We also show how the spectrum of surface topography influences the residence time distribution for subsurface flows. The study indicates that the subsurface head variation decays exponentially with depth faster than it would with equivalent two-dimensional features, resulting in a shallower flow interaction. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Biometry & Engn, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Worman, A (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Biometry & Engn, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM anders.worman@bt.slu.se RI Packman, Aaron/B-7085-2009; Stonedahl, Susa/B-6198-2011; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 17 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 AR L07402 DI 10.1029/2006GL025747 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 033VI UT WOS:000236878800008 ER PT J AU Curtis, GP Davis, JA Naftz, DL AF Curtis, GP Davis, JA Naftz, DL TI Simulation of reactive transport of uranium(VI) in groundwater with variable chemical conditions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; NATURAL ATTENUATION; MINERAL ASSEMBLAGES; ADSORPTION; AQUIFER; SITE; URANYL; WASTE; FERRIHYDRITE AB [1] The reactive transport of U( VI) in a shallow alluvial aquifer beneath a former U( VI) mill located near Naturita, CO, was simulated using a surface complexation model (SCM) to describe U( VI) adsorption. The groundwater had variable U( VI) concentrations (0.01 - 20 mu M), variable alkalinity (2.5 - 18 meq/L), and a nearly constant pH equal to 7.1. U( VI) K-D values decreased with increasing U( VI) and alkalinity, and these parameters were more important than sediment variability in controlling K-D values. Reactive transport simulations were fit to the observed U( VI) and alkalinity by varying the concentration of U( VI) and alkalinity in recharge at the source area. Simulated KD values varied temporally and spatially because of the differential transport of U( VI) and alkalinity and the nonlinearity of U( VI) adsorption. The model also simulated the observed U( VI) tailing, which would not be expected from a constant KD model. The simulated U( VI) concentrations were sensitive to the recharge flux because of the increased flux of U( VI) to the aquifer. The geochemical behavior of U( VI) was most sensitive to the alkalinity and was relatively insensitive to pH. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA. RP Curtis, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 409, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM gpcurtis@usgs.gov; jadavis@usgs.gov; dlnaftz@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 7 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 4 AR W04404 DI 10.1029/2005WR003979 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 033WV UT WOS:000236883900001 ER PT J AU De Angelis, S AF De Angelis, S TI Analyses of unusual long-period earthquakes with extended coda recorded at Katmai National Park, Alaska, USA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GALERAS VOLCANO COLOMBIA; 3-COMPONENT MEASUREMENTS; COMPLEX FREQUENCIES; SEISMIC EVENTS; TORNILLO; TREMOR AB A swarm of six long-period ( LP) events with slowly decaying coda wave amplitudes and durations up to 120 s, was recorded by seismic stations located in the proximity of Mt. Griggs, a fumarolically active volcano in the Katmai National Park, Alaska, during December 8 - 21, 2004. Spectral analyses reveal the quasi-monochromatic character of the waveforms, dominated by a 2.5 Hz mode frequently accompanied by a weaker high-frequency onset (6.0 - 9.0 Hz). Particle motion azimuths and inclination angles show a dominant WNW-ESE direction of polarization for all the signals, and suggest that seismic energy is radiated by a stable source at shallow depth. Damping coefficients between 0.0014 and 0.0063 are estimated by fitting an exponential decay model to the signal's coda; corresponding quality factors range from 78 to 351. The source of the waveforms is modelled as a resonant cavity filled with a fluid/ gas mixture. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP De Angelis, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM silvio@giseis.alaska.edu OI De Angelis, Silvio/0000-0003-2636-3056 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 5 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 AR L07306 DI 10.1029/2005GL025581 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 033VF UT WOS:000236878400007 ER PT J AU Saffer, DM Bekins, BA AF Saffer, DM Bekins, BA TI An evaluation of factors influencing pore pressure in accretionary complexes: Implications for taper angle and wedge mechanics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Review ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; BARBADOS RIDGE COMPLEX; SEISMIC-REFLECTION DATA; FORE-ARC BASIN; FLUID-FLOW; NORTHERN BARBADOS; TECTONIC EROSION; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; PLATE-BOUNDARY; UNDERTHRUST SEDIMENTS AB [1] At many subduction zones, accretionary complexes form as sediment is off-scraped from the subducting plate. Mechanical models that treat accretionary complexes as critically tapered wedges of sediment demonstrate that pore pressure controls their taper angle by modifying basal and internal shear strength. Here, we combine a numerical model of groundwater flow with critical taper theory to quantify the effects of sediment and decollement permeability, sediment thickness, sediment partitioning between accretion and underthrusting, and plate convergence rate on steady state pore pressure. Our results show that pore pressure in accretionary wedges can be viewed as a dynamically maintained response to factors which drive pore pressure ( source terms) and those that limit flow ( permeability and drainage path length). We find that sediment permeability and incoming sediment thickness are the most important factors, whereas fault permeability and the partitioning of sediment have a small effect. For our base case model scenario, as sediment permeability is increased, pore pressure decreases from near-lithostatic to hydrostatic values and allows stable taper angles to increase from similar to 2.5 degrees to 8 degrees - 12.5 degrees. With increased sediment thickness in our models ( from 100 to 8000 m), increased pore pressure drives a decrease in stable taper angle from 8.4 degrees - 12.5 degrees to < 2.5-5 degrees. In general, low-permeability and thick incoming sediment sustain high pore pressures consistent with shallowly tapered geometry, whereas high-permeability and thin incoming sediment should result in steep geometry. Our model results compare favorably with available data from active accretionary complexes. Active margins characterized by a significant proportion of fine-grained sediment within the incoming section, such as northern Antilles and eastern Nankai, exhibit thin taper angles, whereas those characterized by a higher proportion of sandy turbidites, such as Cascadia, Chile, and Mexico, have steep taper angles. Observations from active margins also indicate a strong trend of decreasing taper angle ( from > 15 degrees to < 4 degrees) with increased sediment thickness ( from < 1 to 7 km). One key implication is that hydrologic properties may strongly influence the strength of the crust in a wide range of geologic settings. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Saffer, DM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dsaffer@geosc.psu.edu NR 137 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 4 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B4 AR B04101 DI 10.1029/2005JB003990 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 033WH UT WOS:000236882000001 ER PT J AU Rabalais, MR Magoulick, DD AF Rabalais, MR Magoulick, DD TI Influence of an invasive crayfish species on diurnal habitat use and selection by a native crayfish species in an Ozark stream SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PACIFASTACUS-LENIUSCULUS; ASTACUS-ASTACUS; BODY-SIZE; ORCONECTES; COMPETITION; REPLACEMENT; PREDATION; DISPLACEMENT; MECHANISMS; CAMBARIDAE AB The crayfish Orconectes neglectus chaenodactylus has recently been introduced into the Spring River drainage in southern Missouri and northern Arkansas and appears to be displacing the native species O. eupunctus. To determine if O. eupunctus and O. neglectus chaenodactylus compete for habitat, we examined if either species shift habitat's when in the presence of one another. Habitat use of juvenile and adult crayfish was determined in six habitat types (backwater, pool, riffle, run, stream margin and vegetation) with a quadrat sampler during July/August 2003 at three sites: (1) an upstream site where O. neglectus chaenodactylus occurs, (2) a zone of overlap where both species occur and (3) a downstream site where O. eupunclus occurs. Habitat selection was determined by comparing habitat use to habitat availability. Redundancy Analyses were used to determine the relationship between crayfish densities and measured environmental variables (current velocity, water depth and percent boulder, cobble, pebble and sand). Orconectes eupunctus showed no shift in habitat use, habitat selection and species-environmental relationships between the downstream site and the zone of overlap. However, O. neglectus chaenodactylus did show a shift in habitat use and habitat selection between the upstream site and the zone of overlap, although no shift in species environmental relationships was found. Competition for habitat between O. eupunctus and O. neglectus chaenodactylus did not appear to cause the habitat shift by O. neglectus chaenodactylus since O. neglectus chaenodactylus shifted into habitat's used and selected by O. eupunctus. This study suggests that O. eupunclus and O. neglectus chaenodactylus may not compete for habitat. It is possible that habitat is not limiting in this system or that competition is taking place, but at a microhabitat level. Further study is needed to examine other potential mechanisms causing the displacement of O. eupunctus. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2006 VL 155 IS 2 BP 295 EP 306 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[295:IOAICS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036RF UT WOS:000237092000005 ER PT J AU Schloesser, DW Metcalfe-Smith, JL Kovalak, WP Longton, GD Smithee, RD AF Schloesser, DW Metcalfe-Smith, JL Kovalak, WP Longton, GD Smithee, RD TI Extirpation of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia : Unionidae) following the invasion of dreissenid mussels in an interconnecting river of the Laurentian Great Lakes SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID EXOTIC ZEBRA MUSSEL; ST-CLAIR; QUAGGA MUSSEL; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; HUDSON RIVER; POLYMORPHA; IMPACT; COLONIZATION; CONSERVATION AB Previous (1992-1994) surveys for native freshwater mussels (Unionidae) along main channels of the Detroit River showed that unionids had been extirpated from all but four sites in the upper reaches of the river due to impacts of dreissenid Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis). These four sites were surveyed again in 1998 using the same sampling method (timed-random searches) to determine if they may serve as "refugia" where unionids and dreissenids co-exist. Two additional sites were sampled using additional methods (excavated-quadrat and line-transect searches) for comparison with unpublished data collected in 1987 and 1990. A total of four individuals of four species (Actinonaias ligamentina, Cyclonaias tuberculata, Lasmigona complanata and Pleurobema sintoxia) were found by timed-random searches at four sites in 1998 compared to 720 individuals of 24 species in 1992 and 39 individuals of 13 species in 1994. Excavated-quadrat and line-transect searches at the two additional sites yielded only one live specimen of Ptychobranchus fasciolaris compared to 288 individuals of 18 species in 1987 and 1990. Results of this study suggest that remaining densities of unionids in channels of the Detroit River are too low to support viable reproducing populations of any species. Therefore, we conclude that unionids have been extirpated from main channels of the Detroit River due to dreissenid infestation. As the Detroit River was one of the first water bodies in North America to be invaded by dreissenids, it is likely that unionids will also be extirpated from many other rivers and lakes across eastern North America over the next few decades. Resource agencies should be encouraged to implement active management programs to protect remaining unionid populations from zebra mussels. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Natl Water Res Inst Branch, Aquat Ecosyst Impacts Res Branch, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Detroit Edison Co, Detroit, MI 48226 USA. RP Schloesser, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 56 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2006 VL 155 IS 2 BP 307 EP 320 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[307:EOFMBU]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036RF UT WOS:000237092000006 ER PT J AU Gunzburger, MS AF Gunzburger, MS TI Reproductive ecology of the green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) in northwestern Florida SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; BARKING TREEFROGS; GRATIOSA; SUCCESS; CHRYSOSCELIS; FROG AB Information on life-history traits is critical to understanding Population dynamics of anurans. The objective of this study was to examine aspects of the reproductive ecology of Hyla cinerea in northwestern Florida. Four breeding localities in Leon County, Florida, were sampled over three seasons (2001-2003), amplexed pairs were found as early as 12 April and as late as 12 August. Egg clutches were counted from 51 amplexed pairs and adult size was measured in 43 pairs. Average clutch size was 1214 +/- 528 eggs ((x) over bar +/- SE, range = 359-2658). Female H. cinerea were slightly larger than males ((x) over bar +/- SE tibiofibula length = 24.9 +/- 2.2 and 24 +/- 1.7 mm, respectively). Female size was significantly positively correlated with clutch size and weakly correlated with size of the paired male. Comparison of the results of this study with previous research indicates that the reproductive ecology of H. cinerea varies across its geographic range. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Gunzburger, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM margaret_gunzburger@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2006 VL 155 IS 2 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[321:REOTGT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036RF UT WOS:000237092000007 ER PT J AU Durblan, FE AF Durblan, FE TI Effects of mowing and summer burning on the massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Prescribed fire is used to reduce coverage of woody vegetation in early successional habitats, but burning may also result in direct and indirect mortality of reptiles inhabiting the burn site. Mowing prior to burning has been hypothesized to render grassland habitats unsuitable for the massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus), thereby reducing the number of individuals that may be affected in the management unit at the time of burning. I evaluated the impact of mowing prior to summer burning on massasaugas at Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge, in northwestern Missouri, during the summer of 2003 rising radiomarked snakes. Pre-burn mowing resulted in the direct mortality of three (43%) of seven radiomarked massasaugas present in the treatment area. Prescribed fire resulted in a mortality of one of two remaining individuals. Pre-burn mowing did not reduce mortalities as hypothesized and likely added to the overall snake mortality rate. Management alternatives other than mowing and prescribed fire when snakes are active Should be considered when managing massasauga habitat. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Squaw Creek Natl Wildlife Refuge, Mound City, MO 64470 USA. RP Durblan, FE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Squaw Creek Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 158, Mound City, MO 64470 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2006 VL 155 IS 2 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[329:EOMASB]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036RF UT WOS:000237092000008 ER PT J AU Nelson, ME Mech, LD AF Nelson, ME Mech, LD TI A 3-decade dearth of deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a wolf (Canis lupus)-dominated ecosystem SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; PREDATION; WOLVES; ALASKA; PREY AB Somc 30 y after wolves (Canis lupus) were implicated in decimating wintering white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a 3000-km(2) area of northeastern Minnesota, wintering deer still have not recolonized the area. From 1976 to 2004, we aerially radio-tracked wolves there during 250 h and recorded 2 deer (in 1985 and 2000) killed or eaten by wolves during February and March. We observed no other deer or deer sign, but regularly observed deer, deer sign and wolf-killed deer in adjacent wolf-pack territories. Although habitat in the study area generally remains poor, sonic regeneration has taken place, and deer have increased adjacent to the area. However, wolf numbers have persisted by preying oil moose (Alces alces). We could detect no reason other than wolf predation and deer migration traditions for why wintering deer have not recolonized the area. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Nelson, ME (reprint author), POB 598, Ely, MN 55731 USA. EM michael-nelson@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2006 VL 155 IS 2 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[373:ADDODO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036RF UT WOS:000237092000012 ER PT J AU Jackson, JC Horton, JW Chou, IM Belkin, HE AF Jackson, JC Horton, JW Chou, IM Belkin, HE TI A shock-induced polymorph of anatalse and rutile from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE phase transition; anatase; rutile; polymorph; shock metamorphism; Chesapeake; impact; crater ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; RIES CRATER; TIO2 AB A shock-induced polymorph (TiO2 II) of anatase and rutile has been identified in breccias from the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure. The breccia samples are from a recent, partially cored test hole in the central uplift at Cape Charles, Virginia. The drill cores from 744 to 823 m depth consist of suevitic crystalline-clast breccia and brecciated cataclastic gneiss in which the TiO2 phases anatase and rutile are common accessory minerals. Electron-microprobe imaging and laser Raman spectroscopy of TiO2 crystals, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) of mineral concentrates, confirm that a high-pressure, alpha-PbO2 structured polymorph of TiO2 (TiO2 II) coexists with anatase and rutile in matrix-hosted crystals and in inclusions within chlorite. Raman spectra of this polymorph include strong bands at wavenumbers (cm(-1)) 175, 281, 315, 342, 356,425, 531, 57 1, and 604; they appear with anatase bands at 397, 515, and 634 cm(-1), and rutile bands at 441 and 608 cm(-1). XRD patterns reveal 12 lines from the polymorph that do not significantly interfere with those of anatase or rutile, and are consistent with the TiO2 II that was first reported to occur naturally as a shock-induced phase in rutile from the Ries crater in Germany. The recognition here of a second natural shock-induced occurrence of TiO2 II suggests that its presence in rocks that have not been subjected to ultrahigh-pressure regional metamorphism can be a diagnostic indicator for confirmation of suspected impact structures. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Jackson, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jackson@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD APR PY 2006 VL 91 IS 4 BP 604 EP 608 DI 10.2138/am.2006.2061 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 036RP UT WOS:000237093000015 ER PT J AU Coplen, TB Brand, WA Gehre, M Groning, M Meijer, HAJ Toman, B Verkouteren, RM AF Coplen, TB Brand, WA Gehre, M Groning, M Meijer, HAJ Toman, B Verkouteren, RM TI New guidelines for delta C-13 measurements SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC REFERENCE MATERIALS; ISOTOPE MEASUREMENTS; CARBON AB Consistency of delta C-13 measurements can be improved 39-47% by anchoring the delta C-13 scale with two isotopic reference materials differing substantially in C-13/C-12. It is recommended that delta C-13 values of both organic and inorganic materials be measured and expressed relative to VPDB (Vienna Peedee belemnite) on a scale normalized by assigning consensus values of -46.6 parts per thousand to L-SVEC lithium carbonate and +1.95 parts per thousand to NBS 19 calcium carbonate. Uncertainties of other reference material values on this scale are improved by factors up to two or more, and the values of some have been notably shifted: the delta C-13 of NBS 22 oil is -30.03 parts per thousand. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Lab Stabile Isotope, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. IAEA, Isotope Hydrol Lab, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. Univ Groningen, CIO, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov RI Meijer, Harro/A-5787-2012; Brand, Willi/D-2043-2009 NR 19 TC 304 Z9 311 U1 6 U2 72 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 7 BP 2439 EP 2441 DI 10.1021/ac052027c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 031EJ UT WOS:000236686600053 PM 16579631 ER PT J AU Coady, AM Murray, AL Elliott, DG Rhodes, LD AF Coady, AM Murray, AL Elliott, DG Rhodes, LD TI Both msa genes in Renibacterium salmoninarum are needed for full virulence in bacterial kidney disease SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSERTION-DUPLICATION MUTAGENESIS; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY ELISA; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SURFACE PROTEIN; BROTH MEDIA; PATHOGEN; FISH; PREVALENCE; EXPRESSION AB Renibacterium salmoninarum, a gram-positive diplococcobacillus that causes bacterial kidney disease among salmon and trout, has two chromosomal loci encoding the major soluble antigen (msa) gene. Because the MSA protein is widely suspected to be an important virulence factor, we used insertion-duplication mutagenesis to generate disruptions of either the msa1 or msa2 gene. Surprisingly, expression of MSA protein in broth cultures appeared unaffected. However, the virulence of either mutant in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) by intraperitoneal challenge was severely attenuated, suggesting that disruption of the msa1 or msa2 gene affected in vivo expression. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rhodes, LD (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM linda.rhodes@noaa.gov OI Rhodes, Linda/0000-0003-4995-9426 NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 72 IS 4 BP 2672 EP 2678 DI 10.1128/AEM.72.4.2672-2678.2006 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 032BR UT WOS:000236749400051 PM 16597972 ER PT J AU Seiler, RL AF Seiler, RL TI Comment on "Elevated tungsten and cobalt in airborne particulates in Fallon, Nevada: Possible implications for the childhood leukemia cluster" by P.R. Sheppard, G. Ridenour, R.J. Speakman and M.L. Witten SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. RP Seiler, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 333 W Nye Lane,Room 203, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. EM rseiler@usgs.gov OI Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD APR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 713 EP 714 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.02.001 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 037KA UT WOS:000237144400011 ER PT J AU Morris, CC Simon, TP Newhouse, SA AF Morris, CC Simon, TP Newhouse, SA TI A local-scale in situ approach for stressor identification of biologically impaired aquatic systems SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCIOTO RIVER; URBANIZATION; IMPAIRMENTS; ASSEMBLAGES; STREAMS; STATE; OHIO; USA AB We propose a formal causal evaluation inference process that uses a local-scale in situ approach and provides statistically defensible correlative conclusions for the biological impairment in 303(d)-listed water bodies. Fish assemblage, water chemistry, and aquatic habitat data from 66 locations in the Limberlost watershed, Indiana, were collected in August 2003 to evaluate the condition of the watershed. Anthropogenic stressors were identified from a numerical classification analysis of fish assemblage data using a biological integrity response gradient. Physical and chemical stressors were evaluated relative to the biological integrity response gradient using the Kruskal Wallis analysis of variance by ranks test. Three water chemistry variables (sodium, chloride, and barium) were associated with biological integrity. The percent run habitat, channel morphology score, and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index score varied with the degree of dredging. We observed a negative response between the number of species and the biological integrity gradient and a positive response with the percent tolerant individuals. This local-scale in situ approach to physical and chemical data analysis, combined with concurrent biological data collection, provided correlative relations to the impaired condition with localized environmental stressors. C1 Indiana Dept Environm Management, Assessment Branch, Biol Studies Sect, Off Water Qual, Indianapolis, IN 46206 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington Field Off, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. RP Morris, CC (reprint author), Indiana Dept Environm Management, Assessment Branch, Biol Studies Sect, Off Water Qual, 2525 N Shadeland Ave,Suite 100, Indianapolis, IN 46206 USA. EM cmorris@idem.in.gov RI Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012; OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s00244-005-1066-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 018GW UT WOS:000235753400004 PM 16328617 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DJ Heinz, GH Audet, DJ AF Hoffman, DJ Heinz, GH Audet, DJ TI Phosphorus amendment reduces hematological effects of lead in mallards ingesting contaminated sediments SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DALENE RIVER-BASIN; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; AMERICAN KESTRELS; SMELTING COMPLEX; NORTHERN IDAHO; CANADA GEESE; TUNDRA SWANS; BIOAVAILABILITY; SOILS; ACID AB Lead poisoning of waterfowl has been reported for decades in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin (CDARB) in Idaho as a result of the ingestion of lead-contaminated sediments. This study was conducted to determine whether the addition of phosphoric acid to sediments would reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of lead to mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) as related to adverse hematological effects and altered plasma chemistries. Mallards received diets containing 12% clean sediment (controls) or 12% sediment from three different CDARB sites containing 4520, 5390, or 6990 mu g/g lead (dw) with or without phosphoric acid amendment. Blood lead concentrations were significantly higher in all CDARB treatment groups and ranged from geometric mean values of 5.0 mu g/g for the first two sites to 6.2 mu g/g for the third site. With amendments, all blood lead concentrations became 41% to 64% lower. Red blood cell ALAD activity was depressed by 90% or more with lead-contaminated sediment from all sites and did not differ with amended diets. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) concentrations were elevated by contaminated sediment from all sites. Amendment decreased the elevations in FEP by as much as 80%. Hematocrit values and hemoglobin concentrations were lower for all lead site sediments by as much as 30% for site 3. Plasma enzyme activities for ALT, CK, and LDH-L were elevated by as much as 2.2-fold, and plasma creatinine concentration was 1.7-fold higher for site 3 sediment. Amendments restored hematocrit, hemoglobin, and plasma enzyme activities so that they did not differ from controls. Although amendments of phosphorus substantially reduced the bioavailability of lead and alleviated many of the adverse hematological effects, lead concentrations in the blood of mallards fed the amended sediments were still above those believed to be harmful to waterfowl under the present conditions. C1 Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Beltsville Lab, BARC E,Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. RP Hoffman, DJ (reprint author), Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Beltsville Lab, BARC E,Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david_hoffman@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.1007/s00244-005-5009-1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 018GW UT WOS:000235753400014 PM 16446990 ER PT J AU Webb, MAH Feist, GW Fitzpatrick, MS Foster, EP Schreck, CB Plumlee, M Wong, C Gundersen, DT AF Webb, MAH Feist, GW Fitzpatrick, MS Foster, EP Schreck, CB Plumlee, M Wong, C Gundersen, DT TI Mercury concentrations in gonad, liver, and muscle of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus in the lower Columbia River SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; DIETARY METHYLMERCURY; FRESH-WATER; COHO SALMON; POTENTIAL PRODUCTION; FATHEAD MINNOWS; HEAVY-METALS; FISH; LAKE; ACCUMULATION AB This study determined the partitioning of total mercury in liver, gonad, and cheek muscle of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmonatus) in the lower Columbia River. The relationship between tissue mercury concentrations and various physiologic parameters was assessed. White sturgeon were captured in commercial fisheries in the estuary and Bonneville, The Dalles, and John Day Reservoirs. Condition factor (CF), relative weight (W-r), and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were determined for each fish (n = 57). Gonadal tissue was examined histologically to determine sex and stage of maturity. Liver (n = 49), gonad (n = 49), and cheek muscle (n = 57) were analyzed for total mercury using cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. Tissue protein concentrations were measured by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Plasma was analyzed for testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (KT), and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) using radioimmunoassay. Mean tissue mercury concentrations were higher in muscle compared with liver and gonad at all sampling locations, except Bonneville Reservoir where mean liver mercury content was the highest tissue concentration observed in the study. Significant negative correlations between plasma androgens (T and KT) and muscle mercury content and plasma E2 and liver mercury content were found. A significant positive linear relationship between white sturgeon age and liver mercury concentrations was evident. Significant negative correlations between CF and relative weight and gonad and liver mercury content were found. In addition, immature male sturgeon with increased gonad mercury content had decreased GSIs. These results suggest that mercury, in the form of methylmercury, may have an effect on the reproductive potential of white sturgeon. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon Dept Environm Qual, Water Qual Div, Portland, OR 97204 USA. Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey,Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. RP Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM molly.webb@oregonstate.edu NR 47 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-0159-0 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 018GW UT WOS:000235753400017 PM 16446999 ER PT J AU Skagen, SK AF Skagen, SK TI Migration stopovers and the conservation of arctic-breeding calidridine sandpipers SO AUK LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED WETLANDS; GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; UNITED-STATES; RED KNOTS; MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BODY STORES; FLEXIBILITY; EVOLUTION C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Skagen, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM susan_skagen@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2006 VL 123 IS 2 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[313:MSATCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 041GN UT WOS:000237442500002 ER PT J AU Krapu, GL Eldridge, JL Gratto-Trevor, CL Buhl, DA AF Krapu, GL Eldridge, JL Gratto-Trevor, CL Buhl, DA TI Fat dynamics of arctic-nesting sandpipers during spring in mid-continental North America SO AUK LA English DT Article DE arctic breeding grounds; baird's sandpiper; Calidris bairdii; C. fitscicollis; C. pusilla; Canada; fat storage; flight ranges; North Dakota; prairie pothole region; semipalmated sandpiper; white-rumped sandpiper ID SEXUAL SELECTION; ARRIVAL TIMES; SHOREBIRDS; MIGRATION; BIRDS AB We measured fresh body mass, total body fat, and fat-free dry mass (FFDM) of three species of Arctic-nesting calidrid sandpipers (Baird's Sandpiper [Calidris bairdii], hereafter "BASA"; Semipalmated Sandpiper [C. pusilla], hereafter "SESA"; and White-rumped Sandpiper [C. fuscicollis], hereafter "WRSA") during spring stopovers in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North Dakota, and evaluated the contribution of stored fat to (1) energy requirements for migration to their Arctic-breeding grounds and (2) nutrient needs for reproduction. All spring migrant WRSA (n = 1.24) and BASA (n = 111), and all but 2 of 99 SESA we collected were >= 2 years old. Male and female BASA migrated through North Dakota concurrently, male SESA averaged earlier than females, and WRSA males preceded females. Fat indices (ratio of fat to FFDM) of male and female SESA and WRSA averaged approximately twice those of male and female BASA. Total body fat of male and female BASA increased with date in spring 1980, but not in 1981; slopes were similar for both sexes each year. Male and female SESA arrived lean in 1980 and 1981, and total body fat increased with date in both years, with similar slopes for all combinations of sex and year. Male and female WRSA arrived lean in 1980-1981 and 1981, respectively, and total body fat increased with date, whereas females arrived with fat reserves already acquired in 1980. Interspecific and sex differences in migration schedules probably contributed to variation in fat storage patterns by affecting maintenance energy costs and food availability. Estimated flight ranges of BASA suggest that few could have met their energy needs for migration to the breeding grounds exclusively from fat stored by the time of departure from North Dakota. Estimated flight ranges of SESA and WRSA, along with fresh body masses of both species when live-trapped on or near their breeding grounds in northern Canada, suggest that major parts of both populations stored adequate fat by departure from temperate mid-continental North America to meet their energy requirements for migration and part of their nutrient needs for reproduction. C1 Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. RP Krapu, GL (reprint author), Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM gary_krapu@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2006 VL 123 IS 2 BP 323 EP 334 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[323:FDOASD]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 041GN UT WOS:000237442500003 ER PT J AU Jonsson, JE Afton, AD Alisauskas, RT Bluhm, CK El Halawani, ME AF Jonsson, Jon Einar Afton, Alan D. Alisauskas, Ray T. Bluhm, Cynthia K. El Halawani, Mohamed E. TI Ecological and physiological factors affecting brood patch area and prolactin levels in arctic-nesting Geese SO AUK LA English DT Article DE body condition; body size; brood patch; Geese; incubation; prolactin ID LESSER SNOW-GEESE; INCUBATION BEHAVIOR; NUTRIENT RESERVES; CLUTCH SIZE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; NORTHERN SHOVELERS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; SERUM LEVELS; ROSSS GEESE AB We investigated effects of ecological and physiological factors on brood patch area and prolactin levels in free-ranging Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter "Snow Geese") and Ross's Geese (C. rossii). On the basis of the body-size hypothesis, we predicted that the relationships between prolactin levels, brood patch area, and body condition would be stronger in Ross's Geese than in the larger Snow Geese. We found that brood patch area was positively related to clutch volume and inversely related to prolactin levels in Ross's Geese, but not in Snow Geese. Nest size, nest habitat, and first egg date did not affect brood patch area in either species. Prolactin levels increased as incubation progressed in female Snow Geese, but this relationship was not significant in Ross's Geese. Prolactin levels and body condition (as indexed by size-adjusted body mass) were inversely related in Ross's Geese, but not in Snow Geese. Our findings are consistent with the prediction that relationships between prolactin levels, brood patch area, and body condition are relatively stronger in Ross's Geese, because they mobilize endogenous reserves at faster rates than Snow Geese. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK 57N 0X4, Canada. Delta Waterfowl & Wetlands Res Stn, Portage Prairie, MB R1N 3A1, Canada. Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jonsson, JE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM joneinar@hive.is RI Jonsson, Jon Einar/K-7482-2015 OI Jonsson, Jon Einar/0000-0003-1198-786X NR 70 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2006 VL 123 IS 2 BP 405 EP 418 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[405:EAPFAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 041GN UT WOS:000237442500010 ER PT J AU Donovan, T Buzas, J Jones, P Gibbs, HL AF Donovan, T Buzas, J Jones, P Gibbs, HL TI Tracking dispersal in birds: Assessing the potential of elemental markers SO AUK LA English DT Article DE discriminant function; dispersal; Eastern Bluebird; element analysis; Sialia sialis; spatial autocorrelation; Tachycineta bicolor; Tree Swallow ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; LESSER SNOW GEESE; MIGRANT SONGBIRDS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; FEATHERS; IDENTIFICATION; AREAS AB Natal dispersal in vagile species Such as songbirds can shape a population's range and structure. Although effective conservation practices depend on knowledge of the scale and frequency of natal dispersal, these issues remain poorly understood because of methodological gaps. In this exploratory study, we assessed whether element signatures within natal feathers might be used to identify the geographic birth site of first-year breeders. We used two related techniques, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), to quantify element levels in natal feather samples from 7 species at 27 sites across the eastern United States. The techniques differed in the manner in which elements were quantified and in their detection limits. Our goal was to determine whether element analyses of feathers could discriminate (1) different species within a site and (2) different sites within a species. Additionally, because spatial autocorrelation of element levels is needed for element analysis to be an effective tool in assessing natal dispersal, we also evaluated the spatial autocorrelation of ICP-AES samples at 18 sites across the eastern United States. Both ICP-MS and ICP-AES analyses separated species within a site with fairly high accuracy, though the discriminating elements varied with site. However, within a species, natal feather locations were not identified with high accuracy on the basis of feather elements. We were not able to determine whether there is spatial correlation among individual elements or a principal component analysis (PCA) score that described the elemental makeup of a feather. A kriging model was fit to the semivariogram of PCA scores to produce a base-map of element signatures across the eastern United States. This map was ineffective at predicting feather-element values at sample sites. Whether elemental analyses can identify natal dispersal distances requires further study. We suggest that future studies evaluate elements with ICP-MS methodologies on a single, box-nesting species that is sampled more intensively at smaller geographic scale, or on species that occur in very discrete populations. Additionally, this methodology should be evaluated in concert with stable-isotope analyses of feathers and, potentially, genetic analyses. C1 Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Aiken Ctr 311, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Math & Stat, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Donovan, T (reprint author), Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Aiken Ctr 311, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM tdonovan@uvm.edu NR 23 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2006 VL 123 IS 2 BP 500 EP 511 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[500:TDIBAT]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 041GN UT WOS:000237442500018 ER PT J AU Mitchell, MJ Piatek, KB Christopher, S Mayer, B Kendall, C Mchale, P AF Mitchell, MJ Piatek, KB Christopher, S Mayer, B Kendall, C Mchale, P TI Solute sources in stream water during consecutive fall storms in a northern hardwood forest watershed: A combined hydrological, chemical and isotopic approach SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydrology; isotopes; nitrate; storms; sulfate; watershed ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-CENTRAL ONTARIO; NEW-YORK-STATE; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; SURFACE WATERS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; FRESH-WATER; TEMPERATE FORESTS AB Understanding the effects of climate change including precipitation patterns has important implications for evaluating the biogeochemical responses of watersheds. We focused on four storms in late summer and early fall that occurred after an exceptionally dry period in 2002. We analyzed not only the influence of these storms on episodic chemistry and the role of different water sources in affecting surface water chemistry, but also the relative contributions of these storms to annual biogeochemical mass balances. The study site was a well studied 135-ha watershed in the Adirondack Park of New York State ( USA). Our analyses integrated measurements on hydrology, solute chemistry and the isotopic composition of NO3- (delta N-15 and delta O-18) and SO42- (delta S-34 and delta O-18) to evaluate how these storms affected surface water chemistry. Precipitation amounts varied among the storms (Storm 1: Sept. 14-18, 18.5 mm; Storm 2: Sept. 21-24, 33 mm; Storm 3: Sept. 27-29, 42.9 mm; Storm 4: Oct. 16-21, 67.6 mm). Among the four storms, there was an increase in water yields from 2 to 14%. These water yields were much less than in studies of storms in previous years at this same watershed when antecedent moisture conditions were higher. In the current study, early storms resulted in relatively small changes in water chemistry. With progressive storms the changes in water chemistry became more marked with particularly major changes in C-b sum of base cations), Si, NO3-, and SO42- , DOC and pH. Analyses of the relationships between Si, DOC, discharge and water table height clearly indicated that there was a decrease in ground water contributions i.e., lower Si concentrations and higher DOC concentrations) as the watershed wetness increased with storm succession. The marked changes in chemistry were also reflected in changes in the isotopic composition of SO42- and NO3-. There was a strong inverse relationship between SO42- concentrations and delta S-34 values suggesting the importance of S biogeochemical redox processes in contributing to SO42- export. The isotopic composition of NO3- in stream water indicated that this N had been microbially processed. Linkages between SO42- and DOC concentrations suggest that wetlands were major sources of these solutes to drainage waters while the chemical and isotopic response of NO3- suggested that upland sources were more important. Although these late summer and fall storms did not play a major role in the overall annual mass balances of solutes for this watershed, these events had distinctive chemistry including depressed pH and therefore have important consequences to watershed processes such as episodic acidification, and the linkage of these processes to climate change. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. USGS, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mitchell, MJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM mitchell@syr.edu RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012 NR 82 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2006 VL 78 IS 2 BP 217 EP 246 DI 10.1007/s10533-005-4277-1 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 042ZI UT WOS:000237568700005 ER PT J AU Barrett, MA Stiling, P AF Barrett, MA Stiling, P TI Effects of key deer herbivory on forest communities in the lower Florida Keys SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Odocoileus virginianus clavium; forest regeneration; browsing pressure; endangered species; plant species composition ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; NATIONAL-PARK; NEW-ZEALAND; REGENERATION; POPULATIONS; IMPACTS; RECRUITMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLANDS AB Ungulate herbivory can have strong impacts on plant communities, but these impacts are rarely considered in recovery plans of endangered species. This study examined the effects of the endangered Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) on its environment in the lower Florida Keys. The Key deer population has increased to over 700 deer from approximately 50 deer in the 1950s; however, approximately 75% of the population resides on only a few islands (Big Pine, No Name, Big Munson) where Key deer herbivory on forest communities may be substantial. Effects of deer herbivory on plant densities were estimated on these islands using vegetation quadrats in hardwood hammock, buttonwood transition, and mangrove wetlands and compared to nine other islands with intermediate or low deer densities. On islands with high deer density, densities of preferred woody plant species < 1.2 m tall (within Key deer reach) were significantly lower than islands with lower deer densities, while densities of some nonpreferred species were significantly higher. Deer exclosures established in hardwood hammock on a high-density deer island revealed a mean increase in abundance/height of preferred woody species inside exclosures, while nonpreferred species significantly increased in open plots. We conclude that on high deer density islands, highly preferred plant species might eventually fail to regenerate and unpalatable plant species may become dominant. Careful criteria need to be developed to maintain Key deer numbers above an endangered species status yet below levels that are destructive to local forest species. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Barrett, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arthur R Marshall Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refug, 10216 Lee Rd, Boynton Beach, FL 33437 USA. EM mark_barrett@fws.gov NR 56 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2006 VL 129 IS 1 BP 100 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.026 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 025JF UT WOS:000236261000012 ER PT J AU Hart, KM Mooreside, P Crowder, LB AF Hart, KM Mooreside, P Crowder, LB TI Interpreting the spatio-temporal patterns of sea turtle strandings: Going with the flow SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE strandings; sea turtles; loggerhead; Caretta caretta; Kemp's ridley; Lepidochelys kempii; physical oceanography; drift bottles; South Atlantic Bight ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; EXCLUDER DEVICES; NORTH-CAROLINA; LOGGERHEAD; MORTALITY; IMPACT AB Knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of specific mortality sources is crucial for management of species that are vulnerable to human interactions. Beachcast carcasses represent an unknown fraction of at-sea mortalities. While a variety of physical (e.g., water temperature) and biological (e.g., decomposition) factors as well as the distribution of animals and their mortality sources likely affect the probability of carcass stranding, physical oceanography plays a major role in where and when carcasses strand. Here, we evaluate the influence of nearshore physical oceanographic and wind regimes on sea turtle strandings to decipher seasonal trends and make qualitative predictions about stranding patterns along oceanfront beaches. We use results from oceanic drift-bottle experiments to check our predictions and provide an upper limit on stranding proportions. We compare predicted current regimes from a 3D physical oceanographic model to spatial and temporal locations of both sea turtle carcass strandings and drift bottle landfalls. Drift bottle return rates suggest an upper limit for the proportion of sea turtle carcasses that strand (about 20%). In the South Atlantic Bight, seasonal development of along-shelf flow coincides with increased numbers of strandings of both turtles and drift bottles in late spring and early summer. The model also predicts net offshore flow of surface waters during winter - the season with the fewest relative strandings. The drift bottle data provide a reasonable upper bound on how likely carcasses are to reach land from points offshore and bound the general timeframe for stranding post-mortem (< two weeks). Our findings suggest that marine turtle strandings follow a seasonal regime predictable from physical oceanography and mimicked by drift bottle experiments. Managers can use these findings to reevaluate incidental strandings limits and fishery takes for both nearshore and offshore mortality sources. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Hart, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM kristen_hart@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 43 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2006 VL 129 IS 2 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.047 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 030ST UT WOS:000236655500013 ER PT J AU Stohlgren, TJ Barnett, D Flather, C Fuller, P Peterjohn, B Kartesz, J Master, LL AF Stohlgren, TJ Barnett, D Flather, C Fuller, P Peterjohn, B Kartesz, J Master, LL TI Species richness and patterns of invasion in plants, birds, and fishes in the United States SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE birds; fish; non-indigenous; non-native; pattern of invasion; plants ID WESTERN AUSTRALIA; GLOBAL PATTERNS; NORTH-AMERICA; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; ENERGY; SCALE; WATER; CONSERVATION; CLIMATE AB We quantified broad-scale patterns of species richness and species density ( mean # species/km(2)) for native and non-indigenous plants, birds, and fishes in the continental USA and Hawaii. We hypothesized that the species density of native and non-indigenous taxa would generally decrease in northern latitudes and higher elevations following declines in potential evapotranspiration, mean temperature, and precipitation. County data on plants (n = 3004 counties) and birds (n = 3074 counties), and drainage (6 HUC) data on fishes (n = 328 drainages) showed that the densities of native and non-indigenous species were strongly positively correlated for plant species (r = 0.86, P < 0.0001), bird species (r = 0.93, P < 0.0001), and fish species (r = 0.41, P < 0.0001). Multiple regression models showed that the densities of native plant and bird species could be strongly predicted (adj. R-2 = 0.66 in both models) at county levels, but fish species densities were less predictable at drainage levels ( adj. R-2 = 0.31, P < 0.0001). Similarly, non-indigenous plant and bird species densities were strongly predictable (adj. R-2 = 0.84 and 0.91 respectively), but non-indigenous fish species density was less predictable (adj. R-2 = 0.38). County level hotspots of native and non-indigenous plants, birds, and fishes were located in low elevation areas close to the coast with high precipitation and productivity ( vegetation carbon). We show that ( 1) native species richness can be moderately well predicted with abiotic factors; ( 2) human populations have tended to settle in areas rich in native species; and ( 3) the richness and density of non-indigenous plant, bird, and fish species can be accurately predicted from biotic and abiotic factors largely because they are positively correlated to native species densities. We conclude that while humans facilitate the initial establishment, invasions of non-indigenous species, the spread and subsequent distributions of non-indigenous species may be controlled largely by environmental factors. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Coll Sci Ctr, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ N Carolina, Biota N Amer Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NatureServ, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Coll Sci Ctr, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_stohlgren@usgs.gov RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012; OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126; Fuller, Pam/0000-0002-9389-9144 NR 75 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3 BP 427 EP 447 DI 10.1007/s10530-005-6422-0 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 011ZB UT WOS:000235306900004 ER PT J AU Allen, CR AF Allen, CR TI Predictors of introduction success in the South Florida avifauna SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE community assembly; cross-scale; everglades; exotic species; introduced species; landscape structure; scale; textural-discontinuity hypothesis ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; EXOTIC BIRDS; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS; SCALE; ESTABLISHMENT; BIODIVERSITY; EXTINCTIONS; COMPETITION AB Biological invasions are an increasing global challenge, for which single-species studies and analyses focused on testing single hypotheses of causation in isolation are unlikely to provide much additional insight. Species interact with other species to create communities, which derive from species interactions and from the interactions of species with the scale specific elements of the landscape that provide suitable habitat and exploitable resources. I used logistic regression analysis to sort among potential intrinsic, community and landscape variables that theoretically influence introduction success. I utilized the avian fauna of the Everglades of South Florida, and the variables body mass, distance to nearest neighbor (in terms of body mass), year of introduction, presence of congeners, guild membership, continent of origin, distribution in a body mass aggregation or gap, and distance to body-mass aggregation edge (in terms of body mass). Two variables were significant predictors of introduction success. Introduced avian species whose body mass placed them nearer to a body-mass aggregation edge and further from their neighbor were more likely to become successfully established. This suggests that community interactions, and community level phenomena, may be better understood by explicitly incorporating scale. C1 Univ Nebraska, USGS, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Univ Nebraska, USGS, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 111 Mussehl Hall,38th & Fair St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM allencr@unl.edu NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3 BP 491 EP 500 DI 10.1007/s10530-005-6409-x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 011ZB UT WOS:000235306900008 ER PT J AU Haseltine, SD AF Haseltine, SD TI Scientists should help frame the discussion SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Haseltine, SD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM susan_haseltine@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2006 VL 56 IS 4 BP 289 EP 290 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[289:SSHFTD]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 032CC UT WOS:000236750500006 ER PT J AU Cao, TQ Petersen, MD AF Cao, TQ Petersen, MD TI Uncertainty of earthquake losses due to model uncertainty of input ground motions in the Los Angeles area SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC HAZARD; CALIFORNIA AB In a recent study we used the Monte Carlo simulation method to evaluate the ground-motion uncertainty of the 2002 update of the California probabilistic seismic hazard model. The resulting ground-motion distribution is used in this article to evaluate the contribution of the hazard model to the uncertainty in earthquake loss ratio, the ratio of the expected loss to the total value of a structure. We use the Hazards U.S. (HAZUS) methodology for loss estimation because it is a widely used and publicly available risk model and intended for regional studies by public agencies and for use by governmental decision makers. We found that the loss ratio uncertainty depends not only on the ground-motion uncertainty but also on the mean groundmotion level. The ground-motion uncertainty, as measured by the coefficient of variation (COV), is amplified when converting to the loss ratio uncertainty because loss increases concavely with ground motion. By comparing the ground-motion uncertainty with the corresponding loss ratio uncertainty for the structural damage of light wood-frame buildings in Los Anoreles area, we show that the COV of loss ratio is almost twice the COV of ground motion with a return period of 475 years around the San Andreas fault and other major faults in the area. The loss ratio for the 2475-year ground-motion maps is about a factor of three higher than for the 475-year maps. However, the uncertainties in ground motion and loss ratio for the longer return periods are lower than for the shorter return periods because the uncertainty parameters in the hazard logic tree are independent of the return period, but the mean ground motion increases with return period. C1 Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Cao, TQ (reprint author), Calif Geol Survey, 801 K St,MS 12-32, Sacramento, CA USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.1785/0120050130 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 029WG UT WOS:000236594500001 ER PT J AU Barberopoulou, A Qamar, A Pratt, TL Steele, WP AF Barberopoulou, A Qamar, A Pratt, TL Steele, WP TI Long-period effects of the Denali earthquake on water bodies in the Puget Lowland: Observations and modeling SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ICE-SHEET GLACIATION; SEISMIC-WAVES; WASHINGTON-STATE; SITE RESPONSE; SEATTLE BASIN; SEICHES; FAULT; AMPLIFICATION; GEOMETRY; DEPTH AB Analysis of strong-motion instrument recordings in Seattle, Washington, resulting from the 2002 M-w 7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake reveals that amplification in the 0.2- to 1.0-Hz frequency band is largely governed by the shallow sediments both inside and outside the sedimentary basins beneath the Puget Lowland. Sites above the deep sedimentary strata show additional seismic-wave amplification in the 0.04- to 0.2-Hz frequency range. Surface waves generated by the M-w 7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002 produced pronounced water waves across Washington state. The largest water waves coincided with the area of largest seismic-wave amplification underlain by the Seattle basin. In the current work, we present reports that show Lakes Union and Washington, both located on the Seattle basin, are susceptible to large water waves generated by large local earthquakes and teleseisms. A simple model of a water body is adopted to explain the generation of waves in water basins. This model provides reasonable estimates for the water-wave amplitudes in swimming pools during the Denali earthquake but appears to underestimate the waves observed in Lake Union. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Barberopoulou, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Barberopoulou, Aggeliki/C-5903-2014 NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 519 EP 535 DI 10.1785/0120050090 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 029WG UT WOS:000236594500012 ER PT J AU Pratt, TL Brocher, TM AF Pratt, TL Brocher, TM TI Site response and attenuation in the Puget Lowland, Washington State SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ICE-SHEET GLACIATION; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; S-WAVE; WESTERN WASHINGTON; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SPECTRAL RATIOS; SEATTLE BASIN; SEISMIC-WAVES; SAN-FERNANDO; EARTHQUAKE AB Simple spectral ratio (SSR) and horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) site-response estimates at 47 sites in the Puget Lowland of Washington State document sianificant attenuation of 1.5- to 20-Hz shear waves within sedimentary basins there. Amplitudes of the horizontal components of shear-wave arrivals from three local earthquakes were used to compute SSRs with respect to the average of two bedrock sites and H/V spectral ratios with respect to the vertical component of the shear-wave arrivals at each site. SSR site-response curves at thick basin sites show peak amplifications of 2 to 6 at frequencies of 3 to 6 Hz, and decreasing spectral amplification with increasing frequency above 6 Hz. SSRs at nonbasin sites show a variety of shapes and larger resonance peaks. We attribute the spectral decay at frequencies above the amplification peak at basin sites to attenuation within the basin strata. Computing the frequency-independent, depth-dependent attenuation factor (Q(s,int)) from the SSR spectral decay between 2 and 20 Hz gives values of 5 to 40 for shallow sedimentary deposits and about 250 for the deepest sedimentary strata (7 km depth). H/V site responses show less spectral decay than the SSR responses but contain many of the same resonance peaks. We hypothesize that the H/V method yields a flatter response across the frequency spectrum than SSRs because the H/V reference signal (vertical component of the shear-wave arrivals) has undergone a degree of attenuation similar to the horizontal component recordings. Correcting the SSR site responses for attenuation within the basins by removing the spectral decay improves agreement between SSR and H/V estimates. C1 Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pratt, TL (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 536 EP 552 DI 10.1785/0120040200 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 029WG UT WOS:000236594500013 ER PT J AU Li, Q Wilcock, WSD Pratt, TL Snelson, CM Brocher, TM AF Li, Q Wilcock, WSD Pratt, TL Snelson, CM Brocher, TM TI Seismic attenuation structure of the Seattle basin, Washington State, from explosive-source refraction data SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT ATTENUATION; PUGET-SOUND; SITE RESPONSE; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SHEAR-WAVES; FAULT ZONE; EARTHQUAKES; REGION; AMPLIFICATION; TOMOGRAPHY AB We used waveform data from the 1999 SHIPS (Seismic Hazard Investigation of Puget Sound) seismic refraction experiment to constrain the attenuation structure of the Seattle basin, Washington State. We inverted the spectral amplitudes of compressional- and shear-wave arrivals for Source spectra, site responses, and one- and two-dimensional Q(-1) models at frequencies between I and 40 Hz for P waves and I and 10 Hz for S waves. We also obtained Q(-1) models from t* values calculated from the spectral slopes of P waves between 10 and 40 Hz. One-dimensional inversions show that Q(p) at the surface is 22 at I Hz, 130 at 5 Hz, and 390 at 20 Hz. The corresponding values at 18 km depth are 100, 440, and 1900. Q(p) at the surface is 16 and 160 at I Hz and 8 Hz, respectively, increasing to 80 and 500 at 18 km depth. The t* inversion yields a Q(p) model that is consistent with the amplitude inversions at 20 and 30 Hz. The basin geometry is clearly resolved in the t* inversion, but the amplitude inversions only imaged the basin structure after removing anomalously high-amplitude shots near Seattle. When these shots are removed, we infer that Q(-1) values may be similar to 30% higher in the center of the basin than the one-dimensional models predict. We infer that seismic attenuation in the Seattle basin will significantly reduce ground motions at frequencies at and above I Hz, partially countering amplification effects within the basin. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 553 EP 571 DI 10.1785/0120040164 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 029WG UT WOS:000236594500014 ER PT J AU Snieder, R Safak, E AF Snieder, R Safak, E TI Extracting the building response using seismic interferometry: Theory and application to the Millikan Library in Pasadena, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; GREENS-FUNCTION; APPARENT PERIODS; SURFACE; NUMBERS AB The motion of a building depends on the excitation, the coupling of the building to the ground, and the mechanical properties of the building. We separate the building response from the excitation and the ground coupling by deconvolving the motion recorded at different levels in the building and apply this to recordings of the motion in the Robert A. Millikan Library in Pasadena, California. This deconvolution allows for the separation of instrinsic attenuation and radiation damping. The waveforms obtained from deconvolution with the motion in the top floor show a superposition of one upgoing and one downgoing wave. The waveforms obtained by deconvolution with the motion in the basement can be formulated either as a sum of upgoing and downgoing waves, or as a sum over normal modes. Because these deconvolved waves for late time have a monochromatic character, they are most easily analyzed with normal-mode theory. For this building we estimate a shear velocity c = 322 m/sec and a quality factor Q = 20. These values explain both the propagating waves and the normal modes. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Wave Phenomena, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Snieder, R (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Wave Phenomena, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rsnieder@mines.edu; safak@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 148 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 13 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 586 EP 598 DI 10.1785/0120050109 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 029WG UT WOS:000236594500016 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, RL Porto, L Noakes, DLG Baylis, JR Carl, LM Dodd, HR Goldstein, JD Hayes, DB Randall, RG AF McLaughlin, RL Porto, L Noakes, DLG Baylis, JR Carl, LM Dodd, HR Goldstein, JD Hayes, DB Randall, RG TI Effects of low-head barriers on stream fishes: taxonomic affiliations and morphological correlates of sensitive species SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; COHO SALMON; BODY FORM; EXTINCTION; HABITAT; IMPACT; LOCOMOTION; ABUNDANCE; RIVER; DAMS AB Low-head barriers used in the control of parasitic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the basin of the Laurentian Great Lakes can alter the richness and composition of nontarget fishes in tributary streams. Identification of taxa sensitive to these barriers is an important step toward mitigating these effects. Upstream-downstream distributions of fishes in 24 pairs of barrier and reference streams from throughout the basin were estimated using electrofishing surveys. For 48 common species from 34 genera and 12 taxonomic families, 8-19 species, 5-16 genera, and 2-7 families showed evidence of being sensitive to barriers, with the variation in number depending on the statistical measure applied. Barriers did not differentially affect species from certain genera or families, nor did they affect species of certain body form. Therefore, taxonomic affiliation and swimming morphology are not useful for predicting sensitivity to barriers for fishes that co-occurred with sea lampreys but were not sampled adequately by our survey. Our estimates of sensitivity will help fisheries managers make sound, defensible decisions regarding the construction, modification (for fish passage), and removal of small, in-stream barriers. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Guelph, Axelrod Inst Ichthyol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Aquat Ecol, Champaign, IL USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP McLaughlin, RL (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM rlmclaug@uoguelph.ca NR 58 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 29 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 63 IS 4 BP 766 EP 779 DI 10.1139/FO5-256 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 038EJ UT WOS:000237201300005 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB Madenjian, CP Croley, TE AF Bunnell, DB Madenjian, CP Croley, TE TI Long-term trends of bloater (Coregonus hoyij) recruitment in Lake Michigan: evidence for the effect of sex ratio SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-CYCLES; PACIFIC SALMON; FISH COMMUNITY; EGG SIZE; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; FECUNDITY; CLIMATE; GROWTH; HURON AB Long-term population trends are generally explained by factors extrinsic (e.g., climate, predation) rather than intrinsic (e.g., genetics, maternal effects) to the population. We sought to understand the Iona-term population dynamics of an important native Lake Michigan prey fish, the bloater Coregonus hoyi. Over a 38-year time series, three 10- to 15-year phases occurred (poor, excellent, and then poor recruitment) without high interannual variability within a particular phase. We used dynamic linear models to determine whether extrinsic (winter and spring temperature, alewife predator densities) or intrinsic factors (population egg production, adult condition, adult sex ratio) explained variation in recruitment. Models that included population egg production, sex ratio, winter and spring temperature, and adult bloater condition explained the most variation. Of these variables, sex ratio, which ranged from 47% to 97% female across the time series, consistently had the greatest effect: recruitment declined with female predominance. Including biomass of adult alewife predators in the models did not explain additional variation. Overall our results indicated that bloater recruitment is linked to its sex ratio, but understanding the underlying mechanisms will require additional efforts. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 58 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 63 IS 4 BP 832 EP 844 DI 10.1139/FO5-271 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 038EJ UT WOS:000237201300011 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Pothoven, SA Dettmers, JM Holuszko, JD AF Madenjian, CP Pothoven, SA Dettmers, JM Holuszko, JD TI Changes in seasonal energy dynamics of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in Lake Michigan after invasion of dreissenid mussels SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FISHES; RECRUITMENT; ENERGETICS; DENSITY; SIZE; POPULATIONS; PREDATION; ONTARIO; GROWTH; MODEL AB The dreissenid mussel invasion of Lake Michigan during the 1990s has been linked to a concomitant decrease in the abundance of the amphipod Diporeia. We tracked the seasonal energy dynamics of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in Lake Michigan during 2002-2004 and compared our findings with previously published results for years 1979-1981. Adult alewife energy density exhibited a pronounced seasonal cycle during both the pre-invasion and post-invasion periods, with energy density in October or November nearly twice as high as that in early summer. However, on average, adult alewife energy density was 23% lower during the post-invasion period compared with the preinvasion period. This significant decline in energy density was attributable to decreased importance of Diporeia in adult alewife diet. In contrast, energy density of juvenile alewives did not significantly differ between the pre-invasion and post-invasion periods. To attain a weight of 8 kg by age 4, bioenergetics modeling indicated that a Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Lake Michigan would have to consume 22.1% more alewives during the post-invasion period compared with the pre-invasion period. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Lake Michigan Biol Stn, Zion, IL 60099 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 43 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 63 IS 4 BP 891 EP 902 DI 10.1139/F06-017 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 038EJ UT WOS:000237201300015 ER PT J AU Babbitt, KJ Baber, MJ Brandt, LA AF Babbitt, KJ Baber, MJ Brandt, LA TI The effect of woodland proximity and wetland characteristics on larval anuran assemblages in an agricultural landscape SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN SPECIES RICHNESS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; TEMPORARY WETLANDS; PREDATORY FISH; POND WATER; FROG; POPULATIONS; METAPOPULATIONS; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES AB Changes to landscapes for agricultural activities often result in reduction and fragmentation of forested habitat. Land conversion for cattle ranching in south-central Florida has resulted in increases in pasture land interspersed with remnant patches of hardwood hammock. To examine the importance of these hammocks to anurans, we sampled 78 seasonally inundated wetlands to examine the relative importance of proximity of hardwood hammock patches (> 20 ha) and wetland characteristics and used generalized linear models to determine which factors had a significant effect on larval anuran species richness or abundance. Species richness was significantly influenced by pH, conductivity, and water depth. Proximity to hammock did not influence species richness; however, assemblage composition differed between wetlands near hammocks and wetlands surrounded by pasture. Barking treefrogs (Hyla gratiosa LeConte, 1856), pine woods treefrogs (Hyla femoralis Bose in Daudin, 1800), and oak toads (Bufo quercicus Holbrook, 1840) bred only in wetlands within 20, 50, and 200 m of hammocks, respectively. Factors influencing tadpole abundances were species-specific. Retention of seasonally inundated wetlands proximal to large hammocks on ranchlands can provide important habitat for supporting a diverse assemblage of anurans. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arthur R Marchall Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refug, Boynton Beach, FL 33437 USA. RP Babbitt, KJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, 215 James Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM kbabbitt@cisunix.unh.edu NR 53 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 23 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD APR PY 2006 VL 84 IS 4 BP 510 EP 519 DI 10.1139/Z06-020 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 054DF UT WOS:000238356300003 ER PT J AU Williams, T Warnock, N Takekawa, J Bishop, M AF Williams, T. Warnock, N. Takekawa, J. Bishop, M. TI Flyway-scale variation in plasma triglyceride levels as an index of fattening in migrating shorebirds SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Williams, T.] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Takekawa, J.] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 143 IS 4 SU S BP S72 EP S73 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA V44GR UT WOS:000202991700098 ER PT J AU Maxwell, SK Nuckols, JR Ward, MH AF Maxwell, SK Nuckols, JR Ward, MH TI A method for mapping corn using the US Geological Survey 1992 National Land Cover Dataset SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD); Landsat; crop mapping; corn; Platte River Valley; Nebraska ID IDENTIFICATION; NITRATE; RISK AB Long-term exposure to elevated nitrate levels in community drinking water supplies has been associated with an elevated risk of several cancers including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, colon cancer, and bladder cancer. To estimate human exposure to nitrate, specific crop type information is needed as fertilizer application rates vary widely by crop type. Corn requires the highest application of nitrogen fertilizer of crops grown in the Midwest US. We developed a method to refine the US Geological Survey National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) (including map and original Landsat images) to distinguish corn from other crops. Overall average agreement between the resulting corn and other row crops class and ground reference data was 0.79 kappa coefficient with individual Landsat images ranging from 0.46 to 0.93 kappa. The highest accuracies occurred in Regions where corn was the single dominant crop (greater than 80.0%) and the crop vegetation conditions at the time of image acquisition were optimum for separation of corn from all other crops. Factors that resulted in lower accuracies included the accuracy of the NLCD map, accuracy of corn areal estimates, crop mixture, crop condition at the time of Landsat overpass, and Landsat scene anomalies. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, NIH,US Dept HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Maxwell, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM maxwell@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD APR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2005.11.003 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 023MQ UT WOS:000236131200004 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE AF Keeley, JE TI Fire management impacts on invasive plants in the western United States SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE exotic plants; fire suppression; fuel breaks; fuel reduction; non-native plants; postfire rehabilitation; prescription burning ID STARTHISTLE CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; BROMUS-TECTORUM L; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; POPULATION BIOLOGY; NORTHERN ARIZONA; SIERRA-NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION; SOIL AB Fire management practices affect alien plant invasions in diverse ways. I considered the impact of six fire management practices on alien invasions: fire suppression, forest fuel reduction, prescription burning in crown-fire ecosystems, fuel breaks, targeting of noxious aliens, and postfire rehabilitation. Most western United States forests have had fire successfully excluded for unnaturally long periods of time, and this appears to have favored the exclusion of alien plant species. Forest fuel reduction programs have the potential for greatly enhancing forest vulnerability to alien invasions. In part this is due to the focus on reestablishing pre-Euro-American fire regimes on a landscape that differs from pre-Euro-American landscapes in the abundance of aggressive non-native species. We may be forced to choose between restoring "natural" fire regimes or altering fire regimes to favor communities of native species. Intensive grazing in many western forests may exacerbate the alien problem after fire and temporally decoupling grazing and fire restoration may reduce the alien threat. Many shrubland ecosystems such as the Intermountain West sagebrush steppe or California chaparral have a natural, high-intensity crown fire regime that is less amenable to forest restoration tactics. Historical use of prescribed fire for type conversion of shrublands to more useful grazing lands has played some role in the massive annual grass invasion that threatens these shrublands. Fuel breaks pose a special invasive plant risk because they promote alien invasion along corridors into wildland areas. Use of prescription burning to eliminate noxious aliens has had questionable success, particularly when applied to disturbance-dependent annuals, and success is most likely when coupled with ecosystem restoration that alters the competitive balance between aliens and natives. Artificial seeding of alien species as a form of postfire stabilization appears to cause more problems than it solves and may even enhance alien invasion. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov NR 85 TC 121 Z9 128 U1 41 U2 303 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 375 EP 384 DI 10.1111/J.1523-1739.2006.00339.X PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 022OB UT WOS:000236064200015 PM 16903098 ER PT J AU Hamilton, P Noble, MA Largier, J Rosenfeld, LK Robertson, G AF Hamilton, P Noble, MA Largier, J Rosenfeld, LK Robertson, G TI Cross-shelf subtidal variability in San Pedro Bay during summer, 2001 SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE currents; stratification; upwelling; wind-forced flows; USA; California; San Pedro shelf ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PALOS-VERDES; INNER SHELF; CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE AB A total of 16 moorings were deployed across the San Pedro shelf, one of the two wider embayments in the Southern California Bight, from near the surfzone to the upper-slope. On the middle and outer shelf in the summer of 2001, the currents flowed strongly equatorward at the surface and had large vertical shears through the well-stratified water column. This equatorward flow differs from predominantly poleward flow found in previous studies of the coastal margin further west. In deeper water, near the shelf break, the shears were such that near-bottom flows were poleward and incorporated into the upper parts of the Southern California Undercurrent over the slope. Mid-shelf current fluctuations, with periods of 10-25 days, along with upwelling over the shelf, were not related to local winds, but were significantly correlated with the large-scale alongshore pressure gradient. Shorter period (similar to 7-10 days) inner shelf alongshore currents, however, were significantly correlated with the alongshore wind at the shelf break. A CEOF analysis gives two significant modes, with the first mode dominant over the outer and middle shelf. The wind-forced second mode connects the inner shelf to the poleward undercurrent over the slope such that increases in the poleward flow over the slope are correlated with increases in the equatorward current inshore of the 15 m isobath. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Raleigh, NC USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA USA. RP Hamilton, P (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Raleigh, NC USA. EM phamilton@raleigh.saic.com NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 681 EP 702 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.009 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 045DW UT WOS:000237723800001 ER PT J AU Brooks, RA Purdy, CN Bell, SS Sulak, KJ AF Brooks, RA Purdy, CN Bell, SS Sulak, KJ TI The benthic community of the eastern US continental shelf: A literature synopsis of benthic faunal resources SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Atlantic coast; benthos; continental shelf; dredging; Gulf of Mexico; infauna; macrofauna; sand mining ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTH-CAROLINA; SHALLOW-WATER; WESTERN GULF; GEORGES BANK; RED SNAPPER; DISTURBANCE; ASSEMBLAGES; SEDIMENT; INVERTEBRATES AB The existing scientific literature on offshore benthic assemblages (OBA) residing along the US East and Gulf of Mexico continental shelf was reviewed. Identification was made of any associations between the dominant OBA and particular sediment types and/or bathymetry. Of special interest was the evaluation of reported effects of sand dredge/mining activities on the dominant OBA and recognition of data deficiencies. One hundred and twenty-two references were selected and classified as to type of study with pertinent results extracted. Polychaetes were predominantly cited as the principal infaunal taxa present in studies from both the Gulf of Mexico and US Atlantic coast. Specifically, Prionospio cristata, Nephtys incisa, N. picta, and Spiophanes bombyx were consistently identified as a common part of the benthic community structure. Surveys from the East Coast indicated a greater diversity of dominant taxa not reported for the Gulf of Mexico than vice-versa. Robust animal-sediment or animal-depth relationships were not readily available. From the few studies available, it appears that general "recovery" from anthropogenic disturbance by benthic assemblages on the continental shelf occurs within three months to 2.5 years. Presently, it is difficult to draw conclusions about approximate benthic faunal recovery times following anthropogenic activities such as sand mining and/or disposal operations because of the paucity of studies. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ENSR, St Petersburg, FL 33716 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, USGS Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, USGS Coastal Ecol & Conservat Res Grp, Gainesville, FL 32953 USA. RP Brooks, RA (reprint author), ENSR, 9700 16th St N, St Petersburg, FL 33716 USA. EM rbrooks@ensr.aecom.com NR 106 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 804 EP 818 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2006.02.005 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 045DW UT WOS:000237723800008 ER PT J AU Nichols, DJ AF Nichols, DJ TI Geology and paleontology of East Asia II SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Nichols, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 939,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM nichols@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6671 J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 147 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.cretres.2005.11.009 PG 2 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 030CS UT WOS:000236611500001 ER PT J AU Matsukawa, M Ito, M Nishida, N Koarai, K Lockley, MG Nichols, DJ AF Matsukawa, M Ito, M Nishida, N Koarai, K Lockley, MG Nichols, DJ TI The Cretaceous Tetori biota in Japan and its evolutionary significance for terrestrial ecosystems in Asia SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Cretaceous; Tetori group; geological correlation tool; nonmarine chronological indices; terrestrial ecosystem ID EAST-ASIA; DINOSAURIA; REFUGIUM; ISLANDS; RELICTS; CHINA AB Cretaceous nonmarine deposits are widely distributed oil the Asian continent and include various kinds of zoo- and phyto-assemblages. The Tetori Group is one of the most important Mesozoic (terrestrial deposits in East Asia, and for this reason its geology, stratigraphy, and biota have been studied intensively by our group) for more than a decade. We present the main results herein. We confirm that formations as lithostratigraphic units are the best geological correlation tools for the Tetori Group and the best tools for a geological mapping of the group. Although subgroups have previously been used for correlation, proper designation and evaluation of subgroups is required if they are to be used effectively, and we show that previous geological correlation of the Tetori Group has been confused by inappropriate definition of these subgroups. We located fossil localities including reported zoo- and phyto-assemblages in the framework of formations correlated by our stratigraphy. The occurrence of zoo-assemblages was probably controlled by environments (i.e., most are ill situ), but phyto-assemblages were mostly transported and rapidly buried by high-energy river systems. Although two distinct dinosaur faunas and four floras have been named for the zoo- and phyto-assemblages in the Tetori Group), ill reality there is only one Tetori Dinosaur Fauna and one Tetori Flora, as proved by careful correlation. Two types of zoo-assemblages co-occur in the Tetori Group: vertebrate species whose ancestors, flourished in the Jurassic (as found in China), and their descendants from the Late Cretaceous. As the latter modern type of assemblage is more abundant than the former, changeable environments at the continental margin probably accelerated evolution of more modern species. We can employ nonmarine Molluscan species as geological correlation tools in some cases, i.e., when their taxon ranges are well-confirmed by independent evidence. However, because freshwater Molluscan species and terrestrial vertebrate species had many opportunities to move to optimum habitat as environments changed through time oil the Cretaceous Asian continent, their correlation potential is uncertain. Many nonmarine molluscan species from the Japanese and Chinese Cretaceous had their stratigraphic occurrences controlled by changing environments. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Tokyo 1848501, Japan. Chiba Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Keio Shonan Fujisawa Jr & Senior High Sch, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 2520816, Japan. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol, Denver, CO 80127 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Matsukawa, M (reprint author), Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Tokyo 1848501, Japan. EM matsukaw@u-gakugei.ac.jp NR 158 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6671 J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 199 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.cretres.2005.11.006 PG 27 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 030CS UT WOS:000236611500005 ER PT J AU Ito, M Matsukawa, M Saito, T Nichols, DJ AF Ito, M Matsukawa, M Saito, T Nichols, DJ TI Facies architecture and paleohydrology of a synrift succession in the Early Cretaceous Choyr Basin, southeastern Mongolia SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Choyr Basin; Mongolia; Lower Cretaceous; Khuren Dukh; stratigraphy; sedimentology; facies architecture; paleohydrology ID ALLUVIAL-FAN; SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES; CHANNEL SINUOSITY; PALEOCURRENT DATA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RIVER; EVOLUTION; CANADA; BELT; DEPOSITION AB The Choyr Basin is one of several Early Cretaceous rift basins in southwestern Mongolia that developed in specific regions between north-south trending fold-and-thrust belts. The eastern margin of the basin is defined by high-angle normal and/or strike-slip faults that trend north-to-south and northeast-to-southwest and by the overall geometry of the basin, which is interpreted to be a half graben. The sedimentary Succession of the Choyr Basin documents one of the various types of tectono-sedimentary processes that were active in the rift basins of East Asia during Early Cretaceous time. The sedimentary infill of the Choyr Basin is newly defined as the Khalzan Uul and Khuren Dukh formations based on detailed mapping of lateral and vertical variations in component lithofacies assemblages. These two formations are heterotopic deposits and constitute a third-order fluvio-lacustrine sequence that can be divided into transgressive and highstand systems tracts. The lower part of the transgressive systems tract (TST) is characterized by sandy alluvial-fan and braided-river systems on the hanging wall along the western basin margin, and by a gravelly alluvial-fan system on the footwall along the eastern basin margin. The alluvial-fan and braided-river deposits along the western basin margin are fossiliferous and are interpreted to have developed in association with a perennial fluvial system. In contrast, alluvial-fan deposits along the eastern basin margin do not contain any distinct faunas or floras and are interpreted to have been influenced by a high-discharge ephemeral fluvial system associated with fluctuations in wetting and drying paleohydrologic processes. The lower part of the TST deposit fines upward to siltstone-dominated flood-plain and ephemeral-lake deposits that constitute the upper part of the TST and the lower part of the highstand systems tract (HST). These mudstone deposits eventually reduced the topographic irregularities typical of the early stage of synrift basin development, with an associated decrease in topographic-slope gradients. Finally, a high-sinuosity meandering river system drained to the south during the late highstand stage in response to the northward migration of the depocenter. The upper HST deposits are also fossiliferous and are interpreted to have been influenced by a perennial fluvial system, although the average annual discharge of this system was probably less than 5 percent of that involved in the formation of the lower TST deposits along the western basin margin. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chiba Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Dept Sci Educ, Koganei, Tokyo 1848501, Japan. Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Chiba 2638522, Japan. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ito, M (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Chiba 2638522, Japan. EM mito@faculty.chiba-u.jp NR 47 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6671 J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 226 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.cretres.2005.11.005 PG 15 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 030CS UT WOS:000236611500006 ER PT J AU Nichols, DJ Matsukawa, M Ito, M AF Nichols, DJ Matsukawa, M Ito, M TI Palynology and age of some Cretaceous nonmarine deposits in Mongolia and China SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE palynomorphs; Mongolia; China; Choyr Basin; Yanji Basin ID EASTERN; PALYNOFLORAS; BEARING; ASIA AB To provide biostratigraphic and paleoccologic data for a major international project studying dinosaur trackways in eastern Asia, samples were collected for palynolovical analysis from the Choyr Basin of Southeastern Mongolia and the Yanji Basin, Jilin Province, northeastern China. Palynologically productive samples from the Choyr Basin are from strata previously identified as either the Shinekhudag Formation or the Zuunbayan Formation but recently renamed the Khuren Dukh Formation; productive samples from the Yanji Basin are from the Tongfosi Formation. The biostratigraphically most important palynomorphs from both units are angiosperm pollen. The Khuren Dukh Formation is determined to be middle to late Albian in age. The Tongfosi Formation is determined to be early Cenomanian in age. These results conflict with some previously published interpretations of the ages Of these units. Lacustrine depositional environments are indicated for both units by the presence of freshwater algae in both deposits. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Tokyo 184, Japan. Chiba Univ, Chiba 2638522, Japan. RP Nichols, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 939,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM nichols@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6671 J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.cretres.2005.11.004 PG 11 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 030CS UT WOS:000236611500007 ER PT J AU Matsukawa, M Saiki, K Ito, M Obata, I Nichols, DJ Lockley, MG Kukihara, R Shibata, K AF Matsukawa, M Saiki, K Ito, M Obata, I Nichols, DJ Lockley, MG Kukihara, R Shibata, K TI Early Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems in East Asia based on food-web and energy-flow models SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cretaceous; East Asia; terrestrial ecosystems; food web; energy flow; population density ID CHOYR BASIN; DINOSAURS; JAPAN; MONGOLIA; STRATA; CHINA; PALEOECOLOGY; SERENGETI; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS AB In recent years, there has been global interest in the environments and ecosystems around the world. It is helpful to reconstruct past environinents and ecosystems to help understand them in the present. and the future. The present environments and ecosystems are an envolving continuum with those of the past and the future. This paper demonstrates the contribution of geology and paleontology to such continua. Using fossils, we call make an estimation of past population density as in ecosystem index based oil food-web and energy-flow models. Late Mesozoic nonmarine deposits are distributed widely oil the eastern Asian continent and contain various kinds Of fossils Such as fishes, amphibians, reptiles, dinosaurs, mammals, bivalves, gastropods, insects, ostracodes, conchostracans, terrestrial plants, and others. These fossil organisms are useful for late Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystem reconstruction using food-web and energy-flow models. We chose Early Cretaceous fluvio-lacustrine basins in the Choyr area, Southeastern Mongolia, and the Tetori area, Japan, for these analyses and as a potential model for reconstruction of other similar basins in East Asia. The food-web models are restored based oil taxa that occurred in these basins. They form four or five trophic levels ill all energy pyramid consisting of rich primary producers at its base and smaller biotas higher in the food web. This is the general energy pyramid of a typical ecosystem. Concerning the Population densities of vertebrate taxa in 1 km(2) ill these basins, some differences are recognized between Early Cretaceous and the present. For example. Cretaceous estimates suggest 2.3 to 4.8 times as many herbivores and 26.0 to 105.5 times the carnivore population. These differences are useful for the evaluation of past population densities of vertebrate taxa. Such differences may also be caused by the different metabolism of different taxa. Preservation may also be a factor, and we recognize that various problems occur in past ecosystem reconstruction. Counts of small numbers of confirmed species and estimates of maximum numbers of species present in the basin are used for the analysis and estimation of energy flow. This approach applies the methods of modern ecosystem analysis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Tokyo 1848501, Japan. Nat Hist Museum & Inst, Chiba 2608682, Japan. Chiba Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Museum Nat Sci, Tokyo, Japan. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Dinosaur Tracks Museum, Denver, CO 80127 USA. RP Matsukawa, M (reprint author), Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Tokyo 1848501, Japan. EM matsukaw@u-gakugei.ac.jp NR 92 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6671 J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 285 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.cretres.2005.11.010 PG 23 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 030CS UT WOS:000236611500011 ER PT J AU Boatwright, J Bundock, H Seekins, LC AF Boatwright, J Bundock, H Seekins, LC TI Using modified Mercalli intensities to estimate acceleration response spectra for the 1906 San Francisco earthquake SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE; MOTION; VELOCITY AB We derive and test relations between the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) and the pseudo-acceleration response spectra at 1.0 and 0.3 s-SA(1.0 s) and SA(0.3 s)-in order to map response spectral ordinates for the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Recent analyses of intensity have shown that MMI >= 6 correlates both with peak ground velocity and with response spectra for periods from 0.5 to 3.0 s. We use these recent results to derive a linear relation between MMI and log SA(1.0 s), and we refine this relation by comparing the SA(1.0 s) estimated from Boatwright and Bundock's (2005) MMI map for the 1906 earthquake to the SA(1.0 s) calculated from recordings of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. South of San Jose, the intensity distributions for the 1906 and 1989 earthquakes are remarkably similar, despite the difference in magnitude and rupture extent between the two events. We use recent strong motion regressions to derive a relation between SA(1.0 s) and SA(0.3 s) for a M7.8 strike-slip earthquake that depends on soil type, acceleration level, and source distance. We test this relation by comparing SA(0.3 s) estimated for the 1906 earthquake to SA(0.3 s) calculated from recordings of both the 1989 Loma Prieta and 1994 Northridge earthquakes, as functions of distance from the fault. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Boatwright, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD APR PY 2006 VL 22 SI 2 BP S279 EP + DI 10.1193/1.2186348 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 034FB UT WOS:000236913300014 ER PT J AU Holzer, TL Blair, JL Noce, TE Bennett, MJ AF Holzer, TL Blair, JL Noce, TE Bennett, MJ TI Predicted liquefaction of east bay fills during a repeat of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; RESISTANCE AB Predicted conditional probabilities of surface manifestations of liquefaction during a repeat of the 1906 San Francisco (M7.8) earthquake range from 0.54 to 0.79 in the area underlain by the sandy artificial fills along the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay near Oakland, California. Despite widespread liquefaction in 1906 of sandy fills in San Francisco, most of the East Bay fills were emplaced after 1906 without soil improvement to increase their liquefaction resistance. They have yet to be shaken strongly. Probabilities are based on the liquefaction potential index computed from 82 CPT soundings using median (50(th) percentile) estimates of PGA based on a ground-motion prediction equation. Shaking estimates consider both distance from the San Andreas Fault and local site conditions. The high probabilities indicate extensive and damaging liquefaction will occur in East Bay fills during the next M similar to 7.8 earthquake on the northern San Andreas Fault. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Holzer, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 10 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD APR PY 2006 VL 22 SI 2 BP S261 EP + DI 10.1193/1.2188018 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 034FB UT WOS:000236913300013 ER PT J AU Baron, JS AF Baron, JS TI Hindcasting nitrogen deposition to determine an ecological critical load SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE alpine lakes; atmospheric nitrogen deposition; critical load; ecological-change threshold; hindcasting; Loch Vale, Colorado, USA; Rocky Mountain National Park, USA ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; REACTIVE NITROGEN; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; LAKES; USA; EMISSIONS; PHYTOPLANKTON; PRECIPITATION AB Using an estimated background nitrogen (N) deposition value of 0.5 kg N(.)ha(-1.)yr(-1) in 1900, and a 19-year record of measured values from Loch Vale (Colorado, USA; NADP site CO98), I reconstructed an N-deposition history using exponential equations that correlated well with EPA-reported NO, emissions from Colorado and from the sum of emissions of 11 western states. The mean wet N-deposition values for the period 1950-1964 was similar to 1.5 kg N(.)ha(-1.)yr(-1), corresponding to the reported time of alteration of diatom assemblages attributed to N deposition in alpine lakes in Rocky Mountain National Park (USA). This value becomes the critical load defining the threshold for ecological change from eutrophication. Thus if an N-deposition threshold for ecological change can be identified, and the date at which that threshold was crossed is known, hindcasting can derive the amount of atmospheric deposition at the time of change, at least for alpine lakes. Independent support for the technique and the deposition amount comes from experimental studies, ecosystem modeling, and paleolimnological records from northern Wyoming (USA). C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Baron, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jill_baron@usgs.gov RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 31 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0433:HNDTDA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200001 PM 16711034 ER PT J AU Grace, JB Keeley, JE AF Grace, JB Keeley, JE TI A structural equation model analysis of postfire plant diversity in California shrublands SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE colonization; diversity; fire; heterogeneity; landscape; niche partitioning; prescribed burning; productivity; resource availability; species richness; structural equation modeling (SEM) ID SPECIES-RICHNESS; COMMUNITY BIOMASS; COASTAL WETLAND; DENSITY; FIRE; PATTERNS; ALIEN; DETERMINANTS; SUCCESSION; SERPENTINE AB This study investigates patterns of plant diversity following wildfires in fire-prone shrublands of California, seeks to understand those patterns in terms of both local and landscape factors, and considers the implications for fire management. Ninety study sites were established. following extensive wildfires in 1993, and 1000-m(2) plots were used to sample a variety of parameters. Data on community responses were collected for five years following fire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to relate plant species richness to plant abundance, fire severity, abiotic conditions, within-plot heterogeneity, stand age, and position in the landscape. Temporal dynamics of average richness response was also modeled. Richness was highest in the first year following fire, indicating postfire enhancement of diversity. A general decline in richness over time was detected, with year-to-year variation attributable to annual variations in precipitation. Peak richness in the landscape was found where (1) plant abundance was moderately high, (2) within-plot heterogeneity was high, (3) soils were moderately low in nitrogen, high in sand content, and with high rock cover, (4) fire severity was low, and (5) stands were young prior to fire. Many of these characteristics were correlated with position in the landscape and associated conditions. We infer from the SEM results that postfire richness in this system is strongly influenced by local conditions and that these conditions are, in turn, predictably related to landscape-level conditions. For example, we observed that older stands of shrubs were characterized by more severe fires, which were associated with a low recovery of plant cover and low richness. These results may have implications for the use of prescribed fire in this system if these findings extrapolate to prescribed burns as we would expect. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM Jim_Grace@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 10 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 503 EP 514 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0503:ASEMAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200007 PM 16711040 ER PT J AU Merriam, KE Keeley, JE Beyers, JL AF Merriam, KE Keeley, JE Beyers, JL TI Fuel breaks affect nonnative species abundance in Californian plant communities SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE disturbance; disturbance corridors; fire; fire management; fuel breaks; fuel reduction treatments; fuels management; grazing; nonnative plants; invasive plants ID GLACIER NATIONAL-PARK; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; DISTURBANCE; USA; DISPERSAL; LANDSCAPE; REGIMES; FOREST; ROADS; HERB AB We evaluated the abundance of normative plants on fuel breaks and in adjacent untreated areas to determine if fuel treatments promote the invasion of normative plant species. Understanding the relationship between fuel treatments and normative plants is becoming increasingly important as federal and state agencies are currently implementing large fuel treatment programs throughout the United States to reduce the threat of wildland fire. Our study included 24 fuel breaks located across the State of California. We found that normative plant abundance was over 200% higher on fuel breaks than in adjacent wildland areas. Relative nonnative cover was greater on fuel breaks constructed by bulldozers (28%) than on fuel breaks constructed by other methods (7%). Canopy cover, litter cover, and duff depth also were significantly lower on fuel breaks constructed by bulldozers, and these fuel breaks had significantly more exposed bare ground than other types of fuel breaks. There was a significant decline in relative normative cover with increasing distance from the fuel break, particularly in areas that had experienced more numerous fires during the past 50 years, and in areas that had been grazed. These data suggest that fuel breaks could provide establishment sites for normative plants.. and that nonnatives may invade surrounding areas, especially after disturbances such as fire or grazing. Fuel break construction and maintenance methods that leave some overstory canopy and minimize exposure of bare ground may be less likely to promote normative plants. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Quincy, CA 95971 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Riverside Fire Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Merriam, KE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Sierra Cascade Province,POB 11500, Quincy, CA 95971 USA. EM kmerriam@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 515 EP 527 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0515:FBANSA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200008 PM 16711041 ER PT J AU Bridgeman, TB Schloesser, DW Krause, AE AF Bridgeman, TB Schloesser, DW Krause, AE TI Recruitment of Hexagenia mayfly nymphs in western Lake Erie linked to environmental variability SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE benthos; dead zone; eutrophication; hexagenia; hypoxia; Lake Erie; Laurentian Great Lakes; mayfly; oxygen recruitment; stratification ID BURROWING MAYFLIES; GREAT-LAKES; CENTRAL BASIN; YELLOW PERCH; EPHEMEROPTERA; RECOVERY; LIMBATA; OXYGEN; EPHEMERIDAE; MODELS AB After a 40-year absence caused by pollution and eutrophication, burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) recolonized western Lake Erie in the mid 1990s as water quality improved. Mayflies are an important food resource for the economically valuable yellow perch fishery and are considered to be major indicator species of the ecological condition of the lake. Since their reappearance, however, mayfly populations have suffered occasional unexplained recruitment failures. In 2002, a failure of fall recruitment followed an unusually warm summer in which western Lake Erie became temporarily stratified, resulting in low dissolved oxygen levels near the lake floor. In the present study, we examined a possible link between Hexagenia recruitment and periods of intermittent stratification for the years 1997-2002. A simple model was developed using surface temperature, wind speed, and water column data from 2003 to predict stratification. The model was then used to detect episodes of stratification in past years for which water column data are unavailable. Low or undetectable mayfly recruitment occurred in 1997 and 2002, years in which there was frequent or extended stratification between June and September. Highest mayfly reproduction in 2000 corresponded to the fewest stratified periods. These results suggest that even relatively brief periods of stratification can result in loss of larval mayfly recruitment, probably through the effects of hypoxia. A trend toward increasing frequency of hot summers in the Great Lakes region could result in recurrent loss of mayfly larvae in western Lake Erie and other shallow areas in the Great Lakes. C1 Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, Oregon, OH 43618 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Bridgeman, TB (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, 6200 Bayshore Rd, Oregon, OH 43618 USA. EM Thomas.Bridgernan@utoledo.edu NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 601 EP 611 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0601:ROHMNI]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200014 PM 16711047 ER PT J AU Gervais, JA Hunter, CM Anthony, RG AF Gervais, JA Hunter, CM Anthony, RG TI Interactive effects of prey and p,p '-DDE on burrowing owl population dynamics SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Athene cunicularia; Burrowing Owl; DDE; elasticity; interactive effects; matrix-population model; multiple stressors; population-level risk assessment; prospective analysis ID PERIODIC MATRIX MODELS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; BREEDING DISPERSAL; MARKED ANIMALS; UV-B; CALIFORNIA; SURVIVAL; TOXICANT; DENSITY; INSECTICIDE AB We used Population models to explore the effects of the organochlorine contarninant p,p'-DDE and fluctuations in vote availability on the population dynamics of Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia). Previous work indicated an interaction between low biomass of votes in the diet and moderate levels of p,p'-DDE in Burrowing Owl eggs that led to reproductive impairment. We constructed periodic and stochastic matrix models that incorporated three vote population states observed in the field: average, peak, and crash years. We modeled varying frequencies of vole crash years and a range of impairment of owl demographic rates in vote crash years. Vote availability had a greater impact on owl population growth rate than did reproductive impairment if vote populations peaked and crashed frequently. However, this difference disappeared as the frequency of vote crash years declined to once per decade. Fecundity, the demographic rate most affected by p,p'-DDE, had less impact on population growth rate than adult or juvenile survival. A life table response experiment of time-invariant matrices for average, peak, and crash vote conditions showed that low population growth under vote crash conditions was due to low adult and juvenile survival rates, whereas the extremely high population growth under vote peak conditions was due to increased fecundity. Our results Suggest that even simple models can provide useful insights into complex ecological interactions. This is particularly valuable when temporal or spatial scales preclude manipulative experimental work in the field or laboratory. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Biol Dept MS34, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gervais, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM jennifer.gervais@oregonstate.edu NR 56 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 666 EP 677 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0666:IEOPAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200020 PM 16711053 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, M Keitt, BS Croll, DA Tershy, B Jarman, WM Rodriguez-Pastor, S Anderson, DJ Sievert, PR Smith, DR AF Finkelstein, M Keitt, BS Croll, DA Tershy, B Jarman, WM Rodriguez-Pastor, S Anderson, DJ Sievert, PR Smith, DR TI Albatross species demonstrate regional differences in North Pacific marine contamination SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID WHALES DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; MIDWAY ATOLL; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN/; FOOD-WEB; PESTICIDES AB Recent concern about negative effects on human health from elevated organochlorine and mercury concentrations in marine foods has highlighted the need to understand temporal and spatial patterns of marine pollution. Seabirds, long-lived pelagic predators with wide foraging ranges, can be used as indicators of regional contaminant patterns across large temporal and spatial scales. Here we evaluate contaminant levels, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios, and satellite telemetry data from two sympatrically breeding North Pacific albatross species to demonstrate that (1) organochlorine and mercury contaminant levels are significantly higher in the California Current compared to levels in the high-latitude North Pacific and (2) levels of organochlorine contaminants in the North Pacific are increasing over time. Black-footed Albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes) had 370-460% higher organochlorine (polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes [DDTs]) and mercury body burdens than a closely related species, the Laysan Albatross (P. immutabilis), primarily due to regional segregation of their North Pacific foraging areas. PCBs (the sum of the individual PCB congeners analyzed) and DDE concentrations in both albatross species were 130-360% higher than concentrations measured a decade ago. Our results demonstrate dramatically high and increasing contaminant concentrations in the eastern North Pacific Ocean, a finding relevant to other marine predators, including humans. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. UN, Environm Programme, Div GEF Coordinat, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80308 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Univ Massachusetts, USGS, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Finkelstein, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM myraf@ucsc.edu NR 52 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 678 EP 686 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0678:ASDRDI]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200021 PM 16711054 ER PT J AU Borkhataria, RR Collazo, JA Groom, MJ AF Borkhataria, RR Collazo, JA Groom, MJ TI Additive effects of vertebrate predators on insects in a Puerto Rican coffee plantation SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE additive effects; biological control; birds; exclosures; insects; lizards; parasitoids; shade coffee ID BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; FOREST CANOPY; POPULATIONS; SHADE; BIRDS; ARTHROPODS; LIZARDS; MEXICO AB A variety of studies have established the value of shaded coffee plantations as habitat for birds. While the value of birds as biological controls in coffee has received sonic attention, the interactions between birds and other predators of insects have not been tested. We used exclosures to examine the effects of vertebrate predators on the arthropods associated with coffee, in particular the coffee leafminer (Lencoptera coffella) and the flatid planthopper Petrusa epilepsis, in a shaded coffee plantation in Puerto Rico. We used a 2 X 2 factorial design with four treatments: exclusion of birds, lizards, birds and lizards, and control (no exclusion). Abundance of insects > 5 mm increased when birds or both birds and lizards were removed. Birds and lizards had an additive effect for insects < 5 mm and for all insects combined. Coffee leafminers showed a weak response to removal of predators while planthopper abundance increased significantly in the absence of avian predators. Arthropod predators and parasitoids did not differ significantly between treatments. Our findings suggest that vertebrate insectivores have an additive effect on insects in coffee and may help control abundances of some coffee pests. Equally important, we present evidence Suggesting that they do not interfere with other known natural enemies of coffee pests. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Borkhataria, RR (reprint author), 27963 SW 136th Pl, Homestead, FL 33032 USA. EM rrbork@ifas.ufl.edu NR 29 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 8 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 696 EP 703 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0696:AEOVPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200023 PM 16711056 ER PT J AU Krueger, RC Kerans, BL Vincent, ER Rasmussen, C AF Krueger, RC Kerans, BL Vincent, ER Rasmussen, C TI Risk of Myxobolus cerebralis infection to rainbow trout in the Madison River, Montana, USA SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE environment; Madison River; Montana; Myxobolus cerebralis; Oncorhynchus mykiss; parasite; rainbow trout; Tubifex tubifex; whirling disease ID SALMONID WHIRLING DISEASE; TUBIFEX-TUBIFEX; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; WATER TEMPERATURE; TRIACTINOMYXON PRODUCTION; SEDIMENT COMPOSITION; MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LEAF-LITTER; LIFE-CYCLE AB Myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite that causes salmonid whirling disease, has had detrimental effects on several salmonid populations in the Intermountain West, including the rainbow trout in the Madison River, Montana, USA. The goal of this study was to examine relationships among characteristics of the environment, Tubifex tubifex (the alternate host) populations, and rainbow trout whirling disease risk in the Madison River. Environmental characteristics were measured in side channels of the Madison River, and differences were described with a principal components analysis. The density of T. tubifex, the prevalence of infection in T. tubifex, and the density of infected T. tubifex were determined for the side channels using benthic core samples and examination of live tubificids for infection. The site-specific contribution to whirling disease risk in the side channels was determined using in situ exposures of sentinel rainbow trout. Regression analyses were used to determine correlations among these characteristics. Side channels differed in site-specific contribution to rainbow trout whirling disease risk, which was positively correlated to the density of infected T. tubifex. Side channels with fine sediments and lower water temperatures made greater site-specific contribution to whirling disease risk and had higher densities of infected T. tubifex than side channels with coarser sediments and higher temperatures. The ability to characterize areas of high whirling disease risk is essential for improving our understanding of the dynamics of M. cerebralis Such that appropriate management strategies can be implemented. In addition, this study provides a model of how the disease ecology of complex aquatic parasites can be examined when the influential processes operate on different spatial scales. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kerans, BL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bkerans@montana.edu NR 67 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 770 EP 783 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0770:ROMCIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200028 PM 16711061 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Arthur, AD Bailey, LL Singleton, GR AF Conn, PB Arthur, AD Bailey, LL Singleton, GR TI Estimating the abundance of mouse populations of known size: Promises and pitfalls of new methods SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; Huggins-Alho model; MARK; mark-recapture; model averaging; Mus musculus; Pledger model ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; MICE MUS-DOMESTICUS; WILD HOUSE MICE; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; AUXILIARY VARIABLES; DENSITY-ESTIMATION; MARKED ANIMALS; SPARSE DATA; HETEROGENEITY; WHEATLANDS AB Knowledge of animal abundance is fundamental to many ecological studies. Frequently, researchers cannot determine true abundance, and so must estimate it using a method such as mark-recapture or distance sampling. Recent advances in abundance estimation allow one to model heterogeneity with individual covariates or mixture distributions and to derive multimodel abundance estimators that explicitly address uncertainty about which model parameterization best represents truth. Further, it is possible to borrow information on detection probability across several populations when data are sparse. While promising, these methods have not been evaluated using mark-recapture data from populations of known abundance, and thus far have largely been overlooked by ecologists. In this paper, we explored the utility of newly developed mark-recapture methods for estimating the abundance of 12 captive populations of wild house mice (Mus musculus). We found that mark-recapture methods employing individual covariates yielded satisfactory abundance estimates for most populations. In contrast, model sets with heterogeneity formulations consisting solely of mixture distributions did not perform well for several of the populations. We show through simulation that a higher number of trapping occasions would have been necessary to achieve good estimator performance in this case. Finally, we show that simultaneous analysis of data from low abundance populations can yield viable abundance estimates. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. N Carolina State Univ, USGS Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Wagar Hall, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM pconn@cnr.colostate.edu RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009; Arthur, Anthony/F-2056-2010; Singleton, Grant/B-6230-2013 OI Singleton, Grant/0000-0002-2154-1223 NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 20 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 829 EP 837 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0829:ETAOMP]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036DW UT WOS:000237052200033 PM 16711066 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Link, WA AF Royle, JA Link, WA TI Generalized site occupancy models allowing for false positive and false negative errors SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE finite mixture; heterogeneous defection probability; latent class model; multinomial misclassification; multinomial mixtures; nondetection bias; occurrence probability; proportion of area occupied ID POPULATION CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; MIXTURE-MODELS; CLOSED POPULATION; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; ABUNDANCE; RATES; SIZE; HETEROGENEITY; PERFORMANCE; COUNTS AB Site occupancy models have been developed that allow for imperfect species detection or "false negative" observations. Such models have become widely adopted in surveys of many taxa. The most fundamental assumption underlying these models is that "false positive" errors are not possible. That is, one cannot detect a species where it does not occur. However, such errors are possible in many sampling situations for a number of reasons, and even low false positive error rates can induce extreme bias in estimates of site occupancy when they are not accounted for. In this paper, we develop a model for site occupancy that allows for both false negative and false positive error rates. This model can be represented as a two-component finite mixture model and can be easily fitted using freely available software. We provide an analysis of avian survey data using the proposed model and present results of a brief simulation Study evaluating the performance of the maximum-likelihood estimator and the naive estimator in the presence of false positive errors. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 28 TC 120 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 41 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 4 BP 835 EP 841 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[835:GSOMAF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 033QF UT WOS:000236863200006 PM 16676527 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM Royle, JA Soderstrom, B Glimskar, A AF Dorazio, RM Royle, JA Soderstrom, B Glimskar, A TI Estimating species richness and accumulation by modeling species occurrence and detectability SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; conservation; detection heterogeneity; occurrence heterogeneity; site-occupancy models ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; POPULATION-SIZE; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; AREA RELATIONSHIP; MIXTURE-MODELS; HETEROGENEITY; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; CURVES; BIRDS AB A statistical model is developed for estimating species richness and accumulation by formulating these community-level attributes as functions of model-based estimators of species occurrence while accounting for imperfect detection of individual species. The model requires a sampling protocol wherein repeated observations are made at a collection of sample locations selected to be representative of the community. This temporal replication provides the data needed to resolve the ambiguity between species absence and nondetection when species are unobserved at sample locations. Estimates of species richness and accumulation are computed for two communities, an avian community and a butterfly community. Our model-based estimates suggest that detection failures in many bird species were attributed to low rates of occurrence, as opposed to simply low rates of detection. We estimate that the avian community contains a substantial number of uncommon species and that species richness greatly exceeds the number of species actually observed in the sample. In fact, predictions of species accumulation suggest that even doubling the number of sample locations would not have revealed all of the species in the community. In contrast, our analysis of the butterfly community suggests that many species are relatively common and that the estimated richness of species in the community is nearly equal to the number of species actually detected in the sample. Our predictions of species accumulation suggest that the number of sample locations actually used in the butterfly survey could have been cut in half and the asymptotic richness of species still would have been attained. Our approach of developing occurrence-based Summaries of communities while allowing for imperfect detection of species is broadly applicable and should prove useful in the design and analysis of surveys of biodiversity. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Stat, US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Conservat Biol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Stat, US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, POB 110339, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bdorazio@usgs.gov RI Soderstrom, Bo/J-1604-2012; OI Soderstrom, Bo/0000-0002-7118-3575; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 51 TC 152 Z9 156 U1 9 U2 103 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 4 BP 842 EP 854 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[842:ESRAAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 033QF UT WOS:000236863200007 PM 16676528 ER PT J AU Muths, E Scherer, RD Corn, PS Lambert, BA AF Muths, E Scherer, RD Corn, PS Lambert, BA TI Estimation of temporary emigration in male toads SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian; boreal toad; Bufo boreas; capture-recapture; Colorado, USA; robust design; temporary emigration ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; BUFO-BUFO; DETECTION PROBABILITY; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; HUSTING DILEMMA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMON TOADS; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; DESIGN AB Male boreal toads (Bufo boreas) are thought to return to the breeding site every year but, if absent in a particular year, will be more likely to return the following year. Using Pollock's robust design we estimated temporary emigration (the probability a male toad is absent from a breeding site in a given year) at three locations in Colorado, USA: two in Rocky Mountain National Park and one in Chaffee County. We present data that suggest that not all male toads return to the breeding site every year. Our analyses indicate that temporary emigration varies by site and time (for example, from 1992 to 1998, the probability of temporary emigration ranged from 10% to 29% and from 3% to 95% at Lost Lake and Kettle Tarn, respectively). Although the results provide weak,evidence that males are more likely to return after a year's hiatus, a general pattern of state-dependent temporary emigration was not supported. We also hypothesized relationships between temporary emigration and a number of weather variables. While some competitive models included weather covariates, imprecise and variable estimates of the effects of these covariates precluded fully defining their impact on temporary emigration. C1 USGS, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Colorado State Univ, Colorado Nat Heritage Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Muths, E (reprint author), USGS, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM erin_muths@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 4 BP 1048 EP 1056 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1048:EOTEIM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 033QF UT WOS:000236863200027 PM 16676548 ER PT J AU Fontaine, JJ Martin, TE AF Fontaine, JJ Martin, TE TI Parent birds assess nest predation risk and adjust their reproductive strategies SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE clutch size; egg size; nest predation; parental care; reproduction ID FLYCATCHER FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; CLUTCH SIZE VARIATION; MALE INCUBATION; EGG SIZE; FOOD; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; CONSEQUENCES; MANIPULATION; PLASTICITY AB Avian life history theory has long assumed that nest predation plays a minor role in shaping reproductive strategies. Yet, this assumption remains conspicuously untested by broad experiments that alter environmental risk of nest predation, despite the fact that nest predation is a major source of reproductive failure. Here, we examined whether parents can assess experimentally reduced nest predation risk and alter their reproductive strategies. We experimentally reduced nest predation risk and show that in safer environments parents increased investment in young through increased egg size, clutch mass, and the rate they fed nestlings. Parents also increased investment in female condition by increasing the rates that males fed incubating females at the nest, and decreasing the time that females spent incubating. These results demonstrate that birds can assess nest predation risk at large and that nest predation plays a key role in the expression of avian reproductive strategies. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Fontaine, JJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM joseph.fontaine@umontana.edu RI Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010; Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156; Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 35 TC 192 Z9 196 U1 11 U2 136 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD APR PY 2006 VL 9 IS 4 BP 428 EP 434 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00892.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027AE UT WOS:000236384100007 PM 16623728 ER PT J AU Housman, DC Naumburg, E Huxman, TE Charlet, TN Nowak, RS Smith, SD AF Housman, DC Naumburg, E Huxman, TE Charlet, TN Nowak, RS Smith, SD TI Increases in desert shrub productivity under elevated carbon dioxide vary with water availability SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Ambrosia dumosa; desert productivity; elevated carbon dioxide; Krameria erecta; Larrea tridentata; Mojave Desert; photosynthesis; water-use efficiency ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MOJAVE-DESERT; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; NEVADA DESERT; SOIL-WATER; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES AB Productivity of aridland plants is predicted to increase substantially with rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations due to enhancement in plant water-use efficiency (WUE). However, to date, there are few detailed analyses of how intact desert vegetation responds to elevated CO2. From 1998 to 2001, we examined aboveground production, photosynthesis, and water relations within three species exposed to ambient (around 38 Pa) or elevated (55 Pa) CO2 concentrations at the Nevada Desert Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Facility in southern Nevada, USA. The functional types sampled-evergreen (Larrea tridentata), drought-deciduous (Ambrosia dumosa), and winter-deciduous shrubs (Krameria erecta)-represent potentially different responses to elevated CO2 in this ecosystem. We found elevated CO2 significantly increased aboveground production in all three species during an anomalously wet year (1998), with relative production ratios (elevated:ambient CO2) ranging from 1.59 (Krameria) to 2.31 (Larrea). In three below-average rainfall years (1999-2001), growth was much reduced in all species, with only Ambrosia in 2001 having significantly higher production under elevated CO2. Integrated photosynthesis (mol CO2 m(-2) y(-1)) in the three species was 1.26-2.03-fold higher under elevated CO2 in the wet year (1998) and 1.32-1.43-fold higher after the third year of reduced rainfall (2001). Instantaneous WUE was also higher in shrubs grown under elevated CO2. The timing of peak canopy development did not change under elevated CO2; for example, there was no observed extension of leaf longevity into the dry season in the deciduous species. Similarly, seasonal patterns in CO2 assimilation did not change, except for Larrea. Therefore, phenological and physiological patterns that characterize Mojave Desert perennials-early-season lags in canopy development behind peak photosynthetic capacity, coupled with reductions in late-season photosynthetic capacity prior to reductions in leaf area-were not significantly affected by elevated CO2. Together, these findings suggest that elevated CO2 can enhance the productivity of Mojave Desert shrubs, but this effect is most pronounced during years with abundant rainfall when soil resources are most available. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Housman, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Field Stn, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM dhousman@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2006 VL 9 IS 3 BP 374 EP 385 DI 10.1007/s10021-005-0124-4 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 037BL UT WOS:000237121600005 ER PT J AU Lopez, CB Cloern, JE Schraga, TS Little, AJ Lucas, LV Thompson, JK Burau, JR AF Lopez, CB Cloern, JE Schraga, TS Little, AJ Lucas, LV Thompson, JK Burau, JR TI Ecological values of shallow-water habitats: Implications for the restoration of disturbed ecosystems SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE restoration; shallow-water habitat; pelagic production; food web; freshwater ecosystems ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CONTROL PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; JOAQUIN DELTA; GROWTH-RATE; ZOOPLANKTON; INVASION; ESTUARY; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE AB A presumed value of shallow-habitat enhanced pelagic productivity derives from the principle that in nutrient-rich aquatic systems phytoplankton growth rate is controlled by light availability, which varies inversely with habitat depth. We measured a set of biological indicators across the gradient of habitat depth within the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (California) to test the hypothesis that plankton biomass, production, and pelagic energy flow also vary systematically with habitat depth. Results showed that phytoplankton biomass and production were only weakly related to phytoplankton growth rates whereas other processes (transport, consumption) were important controls. Distribution of the invasive clam Corbicula fluminea was patchy, and heavily colonized habitats all supported low phytoplankton biomass and production and functioned as food sinks. Surplus primary production in shallow, uncolonized habitats provided potential subsidies to neighboring recipient habitats. Zooplankton in deeper habitats, where grazing exceeded phytoplankton production, were likely supported by significant fluxes of phytoplankton biomass from connected donor habitats. Our results provide three important lessons for ecosystem science: (a) in the absence of process measurements, derived indices provide valuable information to improve our mechanistic understanding of ecosystem function and to benefit adaptive management strategies; (b) the benefits of some ecosystem functions are displaced by water movements, so the value of individual habitat types can only be revealed through a regional perspective that includes connectedness among habitats; and (c) invasive species can act as overriding controls of habitat function, adding to the uncertainty of management outcomes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Cloern, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jecloern@usgs.gov RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833; Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 66 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2006 VL 9 IS 3 BP 422 EP 440 DI 10.1007/s10021-005-0113-7 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 037BL UT WOS:000237121600008 ER PT J AU Lloyd, JR Oremland, RS AF Lloyd, JR Oremland, RS TI Microbial transformations of arsenic in the environment: From soda lakes to aquifers SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE metal reduction; metal oxidation; metal resistance; biogeochemical cycles; arsenic poisoning ID MONO LAKE; BACILLUS-SELENITIREDUCENS; DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; BANGLADESH GROUNDWATER; GANGES DELTA; WEST-BENGAL; CALIFORNIA; RELEASE; MOBILIZATION; RESPIRATION AB Arsenic is a highly toxic element that supports a surprising range of biogeochemical transformations. The biochemical basis of these microbial interactions is described, with an emphasis on energy- yielding redox biotransformations that cycle between the As5+ and As3+ oxidation states. The subsequent impact of As3+-oxidising and As5+-reducing prokaryotes on the chemistry of selected environments is also described, focusing on soda lakes with naturally high concentrations of the metalloid and on Southeast Asian aquifer sediments, where the microbial reduction of sorbed As5+ and subsequent mobilisation of As3+ into water abstracted for drinking and irrigation threaten the lives of millions. C1 Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Williamson Res Ctr Mol Environm, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lloyd, JR (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM jon.lloyd@manchester.ac.uk; roremlan@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 34 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD APR PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.2113/gselements.2.2.85 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 033KC UT WOS:000236844900004 ER PT J AU Rabinowitz, P Gordon, Z Chudnov, D Wilcox, M Odofin, L Liu, A Dein, J AF Rabinowitz, P Gordon, Z Chudnov, D Wilcox, M Odofin, L Liu, A Dein, J TI Animals as sentinels of bioterrorism agents SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; WEST-NILE; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; ANTHRAX; PLAGUE; POPULATIONS; OUTBREAK; CATS; VETERINARIANS AB We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature from 1966 to 2005 to determine whether animals could provide early warning of a bioterrorism attack, serve as markers for ongoing exposure risk, and amplify or propagate a bioterrorism outbreak. We found evidence that, for certain bioterrorism agents, pets, wildlife, or livestock could provide early warning and that for other agents, humans would likely manifest symptoms before illness could be detected in animals. After an acute attack, active surveillance of wild or domestic animal populations could help identify many ongoing exposure risks. If certain bioterrorism agents found their way into animal populations, they could spread widely through animal-to-animal transmission and prove difficult to control. The public health infrastructure must look beyond passive surveillance of acute animal disease events to build capacity for active surveillance and intervention efforts to detect and control ongoing outbreaks of disease in domestic and wild animal populations. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Rippowam Anim Hosp, Stamford, CT USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Rabinowitz, P (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, 135 Coll St,3rd Floor, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM peter.rabinowitz@yale.edu OI Chudnov, Daniel/0000-0003-1594-1447 FU NLM NIH HHS [1-G08-LM07881-01, G08 LM007881] NR 40 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 647 EP 652 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 028BJ UT WOS:000236460200016 PM 16704814 ER PT J AU Roy, AH Freeman, MC Freeman, BJ Wenger, SJ Meyer, JL Ensign, WE AF Roy, AH Freeman, MC Freeman, BJ Wenger, SJ Meyer, JL Ensign, WE TI Importance of riparian forests in urban catchments contingent on sediment and hydrologic regimes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fish assemblage; urbanization; sedimentation; hydrologic alteration; riparian buffers; watershed management ID STREAM BIOTIC INTEGRITY; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; STORMWATER MANAGEMENT; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; HABITAT STRUCTURE; RIVER-BASIN; LAND-USE; URBANIZATION; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY AB Forested riparian corridors are thought to minimize impacts of landscape disturbance on stream ecosystems; yet, the effectiveness of streamside forests in mitigating disturbance in urbanizing catchments is unknown. We expected that riparian forests would provide minimal benefits for fish assemblages in streams that are highly impaired by sediment or hydrologic alteration. We tested this hypothesis in 30 small streams along a gradient of urban disturbance (1-65% urban land cover). Species expected to be sensitive to disturbance (i.e., fluvial specialists and "sensitive" species that respond negatively to urbanization) were best predicted by models including percent forest cover in the riparian corridor and a principal components axis describing sediment disturbance. Only sites with coarse bed sediment and low bed mobility (vs. sites with high amounts of fine sediment) had increased richness and abundances of sensitive species with higher percent riparian forests, supporting our hypothesis that response to riparian forests is contingent on the sediment regime. Abundances of Etheostoma scotti, the federally threatened Cherokee darter, were best predicted by models with single variables representing stormflow (r(2) = 0.34) and sediment (r(2) = 0.23) conditions. Lentic-tolerant species richness and abundance responded only to a variable representing prolonged duration of low-flow conditions. For these species, hydrologic alteration overwhelmed any influence of riparian forests on stream biota. These results suggest that, at a minimum, catchment management strategies must simultaneously address hydrologic, sediment, and riparian disturbance in order to protect all aspects of fish assemblage integrity. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. RP Roy, AH (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM roy.allison@epa.gov RI Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011 NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 523 EP 539 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0029-1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017TP UT WOS:000235716500008 PM 16465563 ER PT J AU Rhea, DT Harper, DD Farag, AM Brumbaugh, WG AF Rhea, Darren T. Harper, David D. Farag, Aida M. Brumbaugh, William G. TI Biomonitoring in the Boulder River watershed, Montana, USA: Metal concentrations in biofilm and macroinvertebrates, and relations with macroinvertebrate assemblage SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE arsenic; cadmium; copper; lead; zinc; macroinvertebrate families ID COEUR-DALENE RIVER; CLARK-FORK RIVER; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; STREAMS; IDAHO; CADMIUM AB Portions of the Boulder River watershed contain elevated concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in water, sediment, and biota. We measured concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in biofilm and macroinvertebrates, and assessed macroinvertebrate assemblage and aquatic habitat with the objective of monitoring planned remediation efforts. Concentrations of metals were generally higher in downstream sites compared with upstream or reference sites, and two sites contained metal concentrations in macroinvertebrates greater than values reported to reduce health and survival of resident trout. Macroinvertebrate assemblage was correlated with metal concentrations in biofilm and macroinvertebrates. However, macroinvertebrate metrics were significantly correlated with a greater number of biofilm metals ( 8) than metals in invertebrates ( 4). Lead concentrations in biofilm appeared to have the most significant impact on macroinvertebrate assemblage. Metal concentrations in macroinvertebrates were directly proportional to concentrations in biofilm, indicating biofilm as a potential surrogate for monitoring metal impacts in aquatic systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Res Stn, Jackson, WY USA. RP Farag, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Res Stn, POB 1089, Jackson, WY USA. EM aida_farag@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2006 VL 115 IS 1-3 BP 381 EP 393 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-7086-7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 062VM UT WOS:000238973500021 PM 16648955 ER PT J AU Pankow, JF Asher, WE Zogorski, JS AF Pankow, James F. Asher, William E. Zogorski, John S. TI Source apportionment modeling of volatile organic compounds in streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE source apportionment; volatile organic compounds; modeling; volatilization; Henry's gas law ID SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI; ACETONE; RIVER; USA; NITROGEN; WATER; FATE; CATCHMENT; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS AB It often is of interest to understand the relative importance of the different sources contributing to the concentration c, of a contaminant in a stream; the portions related to sources 1, 2, 3, etc. are denoted c(w,1), c(w,2), c(w,3), etc. Like c(w) the fractions (alpha(1) = C-w,C-1/c(w1), alpha(2) = c(w,2/cw), alpha(3) = c(w,3)/c(w), etc. depend on location and time. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can undergo absorption from the atmosphere into stream water or loss from stream water to the atmosphere, causing complexities affecting the source apportionment (SA) of VOCs in streams. Two SA rules are elaborated. Rule 1: VOC entering a stream across the air/water interface exclusively is assigned to the atmospheric portion of cw. Rule 2: VOC loss by volatilization, flow loss to groundwater, in-stream degradation, etc. is distributed over c(w,1), c(w,2), c(w,3), etc. in proportion to their corresponding a values. How the two SA rules are applied, as well as the nature of the SA output for a given case, will depend on whether transport across the air/water interface is handled using the net flux F convention or using the individual fluxes J convention. Four hypothetical stream cases involving acetone, methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), benzene, chloroform, and perchloroethylene (PCE) are considered. Acetone and MTBE are sufficiently water soluble from air for a domestic atmospheric source to be capable of yielding c, values approaching the common water quality guideline range of I to 10 mu g/L. For most other VOCs, such levels cause net outgassing (F > 0). When F > 0 in a given section of stream, in the net flux convention, all of the alpha(j) for the compound remain unchanged over that section while c, decreases. A characteristic time tau(d) can be calculated to predict when there will be differences between SA results obtained by the net flux convention versus the individual fluxes convention. Source apportionment modeling provides the framework necessary for comparing different strategies for mitigating contamination at points of interest along a stream. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Pankow, JF (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM pankow@ebs.ogi.edu NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 921 EP 932 DI 10.1897/05-205R1.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 066TQ UT WOS:000239253400004 PM 16629131 ER PT J AU Maul, JD Belden, JB Schwab, BA Whiles, MR Spears, B Farris, JL Lydy, MJ AF Maul, Jonathan D. Belden, Jason B. Schwab, Becky A. Whiles, Matt R. Spears, Brian Farris, Jerry L. Lydy, Michael J. TI Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls by aquatic and terrestrial insects to tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biota-sediment accumulation factors; chironomidae; polychlorinated biphenyls; tree swallow; trophic transfer ID FOOD-WEB; PCB CONGENERS; USA; RIVER; ACCUMULATION; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; CONTAMINATION; WISCONSIN; NESTLINGS; SEDIMENT AB Insectivorous' passerines often bioaccumulate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) via trophic transfer processes. Tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) frequently are used for estimating PCB bioaccumulation, yet the focus on specific trophic links between contaminated sediment and bird has been limited. Bioaccumulation of PCBs from sediment to tree swallows was examined with focus on trophic pathways by simultaneously examining PCBs in emergent aquatic and terrestrial insects and gut contents of nestlings. Total PCB concentrations increased from sediment (123.65 +/- 15.93 mu g/kg) to tree swallow nestlings (2,827.76 +/- 505.67 mu g/kg), with emergent aquatic insects, terrestrial insects, and gut content samples having intermediate concentrations. Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) varied among congeners for tree swallow nestlings and for male and female Chironomus spp. For nestlings, the highest BSAF was for the mono-ortho-substituted congener 118. Nestling biomagnification values were similar for gut contents and female Chironomus spp., suggesting this diet item may be the main contributor to the overall PCB transfer to nestlings. However, gut content samples were highly variable and, on a PCB congener pattern basis, may have been influenced by other taxa, such as terrestrial insects. Considering dietary plasticity of many insectivorous birds, the present study suggests that a variety of potential food items should be considered when examining PCB accumulation in insectivorous passerines. C1 So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Columbia Fish & Wildlife Off, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. Arkansas State Univ, Environm Sci Program, State Univ, AR 72401 USA. RP Lydy, MJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM mlydy@siu.edu RI Belden, Jason/H-1764-2014 OI Belden, Jason/0000-0002-0432-7700 NR 35 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 35 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1017 EP 1025 DI 10.1897/05-309R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 066TQ UT WOS:000239253400013 PM 16629140 ER PT J AU Cain, DJ Buchwalter, DB Luoma, SN AF Cain, Daniel J. Buchwalter, David B. Luoma, Samuel N. TI Influence of metal exposure history on the bioaccumulation and subcellular distribution of aqueous cadmium in the insect Hydropsyche californica SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation; detoxification; cadmium; exposure history; aquatic insect ID BARNACLE BALANUS-AMPHITRITE; MUSSEL PERNA-VIRIDIS; TRACE-METALS; AQUATIC INSECTS; DIETARY PREEXPOSURE; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; CD ACCUMULATION; MINE DRAINAGE; HEAVY-METALS; LARVAE AB The influence of metal exposure history on rates of aqueous Cd accumulation, elimination, and subcellular distribution was examined in the aquatic insect Hydropsyche californica. Specimens were obtained from a reference site and a metal-contaminated site and returned to the laboratory where they were continuously exposed to aqueous Cd (518 ng/L, nominal) for 6 d, followed by 9 d of deputation. Rates of Cd accumulation and elimination were similar in insects from the two sites. Efflux rate constants, k(e), ranged from 0.20 to 0.24/d (t(1/2) approximate to 3 d). Immediately following exposure, the cytosol accounted for 40% of the body burden in insects from both sites; however, 89 +/- 2% of the cytosolic Cd was associated with metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP) in insects from the contaminated site, compared to 60 +/- 0% in insects from the reference site. The concentration of Cd bound to non-MTLPs (representing potentially Cd-sensitive proteins) was significantly greater in the insects from the reference site (134 +/- 7 ng/g) than in those from the contaminated site (42 +/- 2 ng/g). At the end of the deputation period, 90% of the accumulated Cd body burden had been eliminated, and Cd concentrations in MTLPs and non-MTLPs were similar between the sites. Results suggested that differences in exposure history had no influence on the bioaccumulation of Cd, but did affect the concentrations of Cd bound to MTLP during Cd exposure in these insects. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Cain, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM djcain@usgs.gov OI Cain, Daniel/0000-0002-3443-0493 NR 41 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 18 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1042 EP 1049 DI 10.1897/05-255R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 066TQ UT WOS:000239253400016 PM 16629143 ER PT J AU Visser, JM Sasser, CE Cade, BS AF Visser, JM Sasser, CE Cade, BS TI The effect of multiple stressors on salt marsh end-of-season biomass SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA LOISEL; SOIL-WATER MOVEMENT; ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTION; REGRESSION QUANTILES; PANICUM-HEMITOMON; TOP-DOWN; SALINITY; GROWTH; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS AB It is becoming more apparent that commonly used statistical methods (e.g., analysis of variance and regression) are not the best methods for estimating limiting relationships or stressor effects. A major challenge of estimating the effects associated with a measured subset of limiting factors is to account for the effects of unmeasured factors in an ecologically realistic matter. We used quantile regression to elucidate multiple stressor effects on end-of-season biomass data from two salt marsh sites in coastal Louisiana collected for 18 yr. Stressor effects evaluated based on available data were flooding, salinity, air temperature, cloud cover, precipitation deficit, grazing by muskrat, and surface water nitrogen and phosphorus. Precipitation deficit combined with surface water nitrogen provided the best two-parameter model to explain variation in the peak biomass with different slopes and intercepts for the two study sites. Precipitation deficit, cloud cover, and temperature were significantly correlated with each other. Surface water nitrogen was significantly correlated with surface water phosphorus and muskrat density. The site with the larger duration of flooding showed reduced peak biomass, when cloud cover and surface water nitrogen were optimal. Variation in the relatively low salinity occurring in our study area did not explain any of the variation in Spartina alterniflora biomass. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Visser, JM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM comvss@lsu.edu NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 27 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD APR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 328 EP 339 DI 10.1007/BF02782001 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 054AE UT WOS:000238346900015 ER PT J AU Hartman, KJ Margraf, FJ AF Hartman, KJ Margraf, FJ TI Relationships among condition indices, feeding and growth of walleye in Lake Erie SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food consumption; growth rate; prey availability; relative weight; Sander; somatic index ID LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS RAFINESQUE; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; YELLOW PERCH; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; RELATIVE WEIGHT; LARGEMOUTH BASS; LIVER; FISHERY; PREY AB Condition indices are often used as surrogates of fish health, growth, and feeding and to compare, growth and food ecological well-being among fish populations. In an effort to identify easily measured indices. consumption were compared with gonadal-somatic index, liver-somatic index (LSI), fat-somatic index and relative weight (W-r) for ages 1-3 walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), in Lake Erie from 1986 to 1988. The LSI and W-r were significantly correlated with growth rate or food consumption, but correlations were too small to be considered biologically meaningful. Furthermore, no consistent relationships between condition indices and growth or consumption were found among combinations of fish age and season. None of the indices are considered reliable surrogates for more laborious estimates of growth and food consumption for Lake Erie walleye. Significant relationships between W-r and relative abundance of key prey species warrant further investigation. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Wildlife & Fisheries Program, Morgantown, WV USA. Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Hartman, KJ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Wildlife & Fisheries Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM hartman@wvu.edu NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2006.00486.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 031LJ UT WOS:000236705800006 ER PT J AU Moore, CT Conroy, MJ AF Moore, CT Conroy, MJ TI Optimal regeneration planning for old-growth forest: Addressing scientific uncertainty in endangered species recovery through adaptive management SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Forest Measurements and Quantitative Methods and Management CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Hot Springs, AR DE forest planning; red-cockaded woodpecker; Picoides borealis; optimization; stochasticity; decision modeling; habitat ID RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER; HARVEST DECISIONS; TIMBER HARVEST; OPTIMIZATION; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; WATERFOWL; EXAMPLE; STANDS; MODEL AB Stochastic and structural uncertainties about forest dynamics present challenges in the management of ephemeral habitat conditions for endangered forest species. Maintaining critical foraging and breeding habitat for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) requires an uninterrupted supply of old-growth forest. We constructed and optimized a dynamic forest growth model for the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge (Georgia, USA) with the objective of perpetuating a maximum stream of old-growth forest habitat. Our model accommodates stochastic disturbances and hardwood succession rates, and uncertainty about model structure. We produced a regeneration policy that was indexed by current forest state and by current weight of evidence among alternative model forms. We used adaptive stochastic dynamic programming, which anticipates that model probabilities, as well as forest states, may change through time, with consequent evolution of the optimal decision for any given forest state. In light of considerable uncertainty about forest dynamics, we analyzed a set of competing models incorporating extreme, but plausible, parameter values. Under any of these models, forest silviculture practices currently recommended for the creation of woodpecker habitat are suboptimal. We endorse fully adaptive approaches to the management of endangered species habitats in which predictive modeling, monitoring, and assessment are tightly linked. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, USGS Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Moore, CT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cmoore@forestry.uga.edu; mconroy@uga.edu NR 57 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 15 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 52 IS 2 BP 155 EP 172 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 034PT UT WOS:000236943800006 ER PT J AU Bryan, MB Young, BA Close, DA Semeyn, J Robinson, TC Bayer, J Li, WM AF Bryan, MB Young, BA Close, DA Semeyn, J Robinson, TC Bayer, J Li, WM TI Comparison of synthesis of 15 alpha-hydroxylated steroids in males of four North American lamprey species SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lamprey; steroid; petromyzoritidae; 15 alpha-hydroxylated ID MALE SEA LAMPREYS; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; PETROMYZON-MARINUS-L; HAGFISH MYXINE-GLUTINOSA; GNRH-III; PACIFIC LAMPREY; RIVER LAMPREY; GREAT-LAKES; IN-VITRO; STEROIDOGENESIS AB Recent Studies have provided evidence that 15 alpha-hydroxytestosterone (15 alpha-T) and 15 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (15 alpha-P) are produced in vitro and in vivo in adult male sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus), and that circulatory levels increase in response to injections with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). We examined four species from the Petromyzontidae family including silver lampreys (Ichthy-omyzon unicuspis), chestnut lampreys (I. castaneus), American brook lampreys (Lethenteron appendix), and Pacific lampreys (Entosphenus tridentatus) to determine if these unusual steroids were unique to sea lampreys or a common feature in lamprey species. In vitro production was examined through incubations of testis with tritiated precursors, and 15 alpha-T and 15 alpha-P production was confirmed in all species through co-elution with standards on both high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatography. In vivo production was proven by demonstrating that HPLC-fractionated plasma had peaks of immunoreactive 15 alpha-T and 15 alpha-P that co-eluted with standards through using previously developed radioimmunoassays for 15 alpha-T and 15 alpha-P. The possible functionality of 15 alpha-T and 15 alpha-P was further examined in silver and Pacific lampreys by investigating the effect of injection of either type of lamprey GnRH on plasma concentrations of 15 alpha-T and 15 alpha-P. Injections with exogenous GnRH did not affect circulatory levels of either steroid in silver lampreys, and only GnRH III elicited higher levels of both steroids in Pacific lampreys. The 15 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme(s) for steroids appeared to present in adult males of all species examined, but the question of whether 15 alpha-hydroxylated steroids are functional in these lamprey species, and the significance of the 15-hydroxyl group, requires further research. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Columbia River Res Lab, US Geol Survey, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Li, WM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM liweim@msu.edu RI Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013 OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 146 IS 2 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.11.003 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 025GL UT WOS:000236253200011 PM 16359676 ER PT J AU Gibbs, SJ Bralower, TJ Bown, PR Zachos, JC Bybell, LM AF Gibbs, SJ Bralower, TJ Bown, PR Zachos, JC Bybell, LM TI Shelf and open-ocean calcareous phytoplankton assemblages across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Implications for global productivity gradients SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plankton; Paleocene; Eocene; paleoproductivity ID LATEST PALEOCENE; METHANE HYDRATE; SEA; DISSOCIATION; TEMPERATURE; BOUNDARY AB Abrupt global warming and profound perturbation of the carbon cycle during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ca. 55 Ma) have been linked to a massive release of carbon into the ocean-atmosphere system. Increased phytoplankton productivity has been invoked to cause subsequent CO(2) drawdown, cooling, and environmental recovery. However, interpretations of geochemical and biotic data differ on when and where this increased productivity occurred. Here we present high-resolution nannofossil assemblage data from a shelf section (the U.S. Geological Survey [USGS] drill hole at Wilson Lake, New Jersey) and an open-ocean location (Ocean Drilling Program [ODP] Site 1209, paleoequatorial Pacific). These data combined with published biotic records indicate a transient steepening of shelf-offshelf trophic gradients across the PETM onset and peak, with a decrease in open-ocean productivity coeval with increased nutrient availability in shelf areas. Productivity levels recovered in the open ocean during the later stages of the event, which, coupled with intensified continental weathering rates, may have played an important role in carbon sequestration and CO(2) drawdown. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Gibbs, SJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RI Bown, Paul/C-5235-2011; Zachos, James/A-7674-2008; OI Bown, Paul/0000-0001-6777-4463 NR 34 TC 120 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 29 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-8505 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 233 EP 236 DI 10.1130/G22381.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 031TL UT WOS:000236726900003 ER PT J AU Landa, ER AF Landa, ER TI Oink if you love coal SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Landa, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD APR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 4 BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 030AT UT WOS:000236606200028 ER PT J AU Euskirchen, ES McGuire, AD Kicklighter, DW Zhuang, Q Clein, JS Dargaville, RJ Dye, DG Kimball, JS McDonald, KC Melillo, JM Romanovsky, VE Smith, NV AF Euskirchen, ES McGuire, AD Kicklighter, DW Zhuang, Q Clein, JS Dargaville, RJ Dye, DG Kimball, JS McDonald, KC Melillo, JM Romanovsky, VE Smith, NV TI Importance of recent shifts in soil thermal dynamics on growing season length, productivity, and carbon sequestration in terrestrial high-latitude ecosystems SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; climate change; growing season; permafrost; productivity; respiration; snow cover; terrestrial ecosystem model ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ORGANIC-CARBON; BOREAL FORESTS; ARCTIC TUNDRA; UNITED-STATES; SNOW-COVER; MODEL AB In terrestrial high-latitude regions, observations indicate recent changes in snow cover, permafrost, and soil freeze-thaw transitions due to climate change. These modifications may result in temporal shifts in the growing season and the associated rates of terrestrial productivity. Changes in productivity will influence the ability of these ecosystems to sequester atmospheric CO2. We use the terrestrial ecosystem model (TEM), which simulates the soil thermal regime, in addition to terrestrial carbon (C), nitrogen and water dynamics, to explore these issues over the years 1960-2100 in extratropical regions (30-90 degrees N). Our model simulations show decreases in snow cover and permafrost stability from 1960 to 2100. Decreases in snow cover agree well with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellite observations collected between the years 1972 and 2000, with Pearson rank correlation coefficients between 0.58 and 0.65. Model analyses also indicate a trend towards an earlier thaw date of frozen soils and the onset of the growing season in the spring by approximately 2-4 days from 1988 to 2000. Between 1988 and 2000, satellite records yield a slightly stronger trend in thaw and the onset of the growing season, averaging between 5 and 8 days earlier. In both, the TEM simulations and satellite records, trends in day of freeze in the autumn are weaker, such that overall increases in growing season length are due primarily to earlier thaw. Although regions with the longest snow cover duration displayed the greatest increase in growing season length, these regions maintained smaller increases in productivity and heterotrophic respiration than those regions with shorter duration of snow cover and less of an increase in growing season length. Concurrent with increases in growing season length, we found a reduction in soil C and increases in vegetation C, with greatest losses of soil C occurring in those areas with more vegetation, but simulations also suggest that this trend could reverse in the future. Our results reveal noteworthy changes in snow, permafrost, growing season length, productivity, and net C uptake, indicating that prediction of terrestrial C dynamics from one decade to the next will require that large-scale models adequately take into account the corresponding changes in soil thermal regimes. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish &Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Paris 06, CLIMPACT, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Div Biol Sci, Polson, MT 59860 USA. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Euskirchen, ES (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffese@uaf.edu RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009; OI Dargaville, Roger/0000-0002-0103-5198 NR 64 TC 165 Z9 171 U1 5 U2 110 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 731 EP 750 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01113.x PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 029GT UT WOS:000236549600011 ER PT J AU Sweka, JA Hartman, KJ AF Sweka, JA Hartman, KJ TI Effects of large woody debris addition on stream habitat and brook trout populations in Appalachian streams SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE large woody debris; brook trout; stream habitat ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; COLORADO STREAMS; NORTHERN COLORADO; HEADWATER STREAMS; SALMONIDS; ABUNDANCE; FOREST; WASHINGTON; MANAGEMENT AB Large woody debris (LWD) was added to eight streams in the central Appalachians of West Virginia to determine if stream habitat could be enhanced and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations increased. Brook trout populations were assessed one year prior to habitat manipulation and 3 years post-habitat manipulation. LWD was added by felling approximately 15 trees per 300 m stream reach. Four of the streams had LWD added to one 300 m reach with 300 m unmanipulated reaches upstream and downstream of the manipulated reach to observe within-stream effects of LWD additions on brook trout density. The remaining four streams had LWD added to three 300 m reaches and these streams were compared to those with only a single 300 m manipulated reach to observe the effects of the extent of habitat manipulation on brook trout density. New pools were formed by the addition of LWD, but overall pool area did not increase significantly in reaches where LWD was added. The relatively high gradient and coarse substrate of these streams may have precluded the added LWD from having a significant influence on stream channel morphology and habitat complexity. No pools were formed in the highest gradient stream, while the stream with the most pools formed had the lowest gradient. Brook trout populations fluctuated following habitat manipulations, and there was no overall effect of the LWD additions on within-stream variability in brook trout density. When there were significant differences among-streams with different extents of LWD additions, those streams receiving LWD additions over a large extent had the greatest brook trout densities. The full potential of added LWD to change stream habitat and influence on brook trout populations may take more time to develop than the 3 years post-manipulation period of this study. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Sweka, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, 308 Washington Ave,POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM John_Sweka@fws.gov NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD APR PY 2006 VL 559 BP 363 EP 378 DI 10.1007/s10750-005-9117-8 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 009UM UT WOS:000235138900028 ER PT J AU Carter, JM Grady, SJ Delzer, GC Koch, B Zogorski, JS AF Carter, JM Grady, SJ Delzer, GC Koch, B Zogorski, JS TI Occurrence of MTBE and other gasoline oxygenates in CWS source waters SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES AB A national investigation involving two surveys determined that the gasoline oxygenate methyl tertiary butyl ether was one of the most frequently detected volatile organic compounds in source waters used by community water systems in the United States. C1 US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. USGS, E Hartford, CT USA. Metropolitan Water Dist So Calif, Water Qual Lab, La Verne, CA USA. RP Carter, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM jszogors@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 91 EP + PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 036LN UT WOS:000237072700011 ER PT J AU Adams, WE Kallemeyn, LW Willis, DW AF Adams, WE Kallemeyn, LW Willis, DW TI Lake sturgeon population characteristics in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; ST-LAWRENCE; SYSTEM; DETERMINANTS; GROWTH AB Rainy Lake contains a native population of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens that has been largely unstudied. The aims of this study were to document the population characteristics of lake sturgeon in Rainy Lake and to relate environmental factors to year-class strength for this population. Gill-netting efforts throughout the study resulted in the capture of 322 lake sturgeon, including 50 recaptures. Lake sturgeon in Rainy Lake was relatively plump and fast growing compared with a 32-population summary. Population samples were dominated by lake sturgeon between 110 and 150 cm total length. Age-structure analysis of the samples indicated few younger (< 10 years) lake sturgeon, but the smallest gill net mesh size used for sampling was 102 mm (bar measure) and would not retain small sturgeon. Few lake sturgeon older than age 50 years were captured, and maximum age of sampled fish was 59 years. Few correlations existed between lake sturgeon year-class indices and both annual and monthly climate variables, except that mean June air temperature was positively correlated with year-class strength. Analysis of Rainy Lake water elevation and resulting lake sturgeon year-class strength indices across years yielded consistent but weak negative correlations between late April and early June, when spawning of lake sturgeon occurs. The baseline data collected in this study should allow Rainy Lake biologists to establish more specific research questions in the future. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US Geol Survey, Int Falls, MN USA. RP Willis, DW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM david.willis@sdstate.edu RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00725.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021ZJ UT WOS:000236024100001 ER PT J AU Benson, AC Sutton, TM Elliott, RF Meronek, TG AF Benson, AC Sutton, TM Elliott, RF Meronek, TG TI Biological attributes of age-0 lake sturgeon in the lower Peshtigo River, Wisconsin SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; NORTHERN ONTARIO; MICHIGAN; HABITAT; GROWTH AB Lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens are imperiled throughout the Laurentian Great Lakes basin. Efforts to restore this species to former population levels have been ineffective due in part to limited information regarding its early life history. The objectives of this study were to characterize the larval drift and biological attributes of age-0 lake sturgeon in the lower Peshtigo River, Wisconsin. Lake sturgeon larvae were captured from May to June 2002 and 2003 using drift nets, while age-0 juveniles were captured from June through October 2002 and 2003 using wading, snorkeling, backpack electrofishing, and haul-seine surveys. Larval drift occurred within 14 days of adult spawning and extended from 1 to 3 weeks in duration, with two peaks in the number of fish drifting downstream each year. Larvae had a median total length (TL) of 19 mm (range: 13-23; N = 159) in 2002 and 18 mm (range: 13-24; N = 652) in 2003. Catch-per-unit-effort for larvae was 0.18 fish h(-1) m(2) and 0.94 fish h(-1) m(2) in 2002 and 2003, respectively. Age-0 juvenile lake sturgeon exhibited rapid growth (i.e. 2.57 mm day(-1) in TL and 0.66 g day(-1) in wet weight) throughout summer and fall months; relative condition of fish in both years was approximately 100, indicating good condition. Absolute abundance of age-0 juveniles in 2003 was estimated at 261 fish using the Schnabel estimator. The results from this study indicate that the lower Peshtigo River contains important nursery habitats suitable for age-0 lake sturgeon. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, New Franken, WI USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Peshtigo, WI USA. RP Sutton, TM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tsutton@purdue.ed RI Sutton, Trent/E-9281-2010 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00707.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021ZJ UT WOS:000236024100002 ER PT J AU Boarman, WI Sazaki, M AF Boarman, WI Sazaki, M TI A highway's road-effect zone for desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE mortality; Mojave Desert; desert tortoise; road kills; human impacts; chelonians; road-effect zone; roads ID POPULATIONS; HABITAT; SYSTEM AB Roads and highways can affect populations of animals directly (e.g. due to road mortality) and indirectly (e.g. due to fragmentation of habitat and proliferation of non-native or predatory species). We investigated the effect of roads on threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations in the Mojave Desert, California, and attempted to determine the width of the road-effect zone by counting tortoise signs along transects at 0, 400, 800, and 1600 m from the edge of a highway. Mean sign count was 0.2/km at 0 m, 4.2/km at 400 m, 5.7/km at 800 m, and 5.4/km at 1600 m from the highway edge. The differences between all pairs of distances, except 800 and 1600 m, were statistically significant, suggesting that tortoise populations in our study area are depressed in a zone extending at least 400 m from roadways. We speculate that the major cause for this depression zone is road mortality. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Calif Energy Commiss, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Boarman, WI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 5745 Kearny Villa Rd,Suite M, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM william_boarman@usgs.gov; msazaki@energy.state.ca.us NR 40 TC 41 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2006 VL 65 IS 1 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.06.020 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 018MA UT WOS:000235767200006 ER PT J AU Karanth, KK Nichols, JD Sauer, JR Hines, JE AF Karanth, KK Nichols, JD Sauer, JR Hines, JE TI Comparative dynamics of avian communities across edges and interiors of North American ecoregions SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE abundance; bird conservation region; breeding birds; community dynamics; detection probability; ecoregions; geographic scale; habitat; macroecology; USA ID SPECIES RICHNESS; ANIMAL COMMUNITIES; BIRD COMMUNITIES; LOCAL EXTINCTION; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; RATES; ABUNDANCE; SIZE; TIME AB Aim Based on a priori hypotheses, we developed predictions about how avian communities might differ at the edges vs. interiors of ecoregions. Specifically, we predicted lower species richness and greater local turnover and extinction probabilities for regional edges. We tested these predictions using North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data across nine ecoregions over a 20-year time period. Location Data from 2238 BBS routes within nine ecoregions of the United States were used. Methods The estimation methods used accounted for species detection probabilities < 1. Parameter estimates for species richness, local turnover and extinction probabilities were obtained using the program COMDYN. We examined the difference in community-level parameters estimated from within exterior edges (the habitat interface between ecoregions), interior edges (the habitat interface between two bird conservation regions within the same ecoregion) and interior (habitat excluding interfaces). General linear models were constructed to examine sources of variation in community parameters for five ecoregions (containing all three habitat types) and all nine ecoregions (containing two habitat types). Results Analyses provided evidence that interior habitats and interior edges had on average higher bird species richness than exterior edges, providing some evidence of reduced species richness near habitat edges. Lower average extinction probabilities and turnover rates in interior habitats (five-region analysis) provided some support for our predictions about these quantities. However, analyses directed at all three response variables, i.e. species richness, local turnover, and local extinction probability, provided evidence of an interaction between habitat and region, indicating that the relationships did not hold in all regions. Main conclusions The overall predictions of lower species richness, higher local turnover and extinction probabilities in regional edge habitats, as opposed to interior habitats, were generally supported. However, these predicted tendencies did not hold in all regions. C1 Duke Univ, Ctr Sci Res, Levine Sci Res Ctr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Karanth, KK (reprint author), Duke Univ, Ctr Sci Res, Levine Sci Res Ctr, POB 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM krithi.karanth@duke.edu NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD APR PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 BP 674 EP 682 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01392.x PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 025ED UT WOS:000236247200011 ER PT J AU Abbene, IJ Culver, SJ Corbett, DR Buzas, MA Tully, LS AF Abbene, Irene J. Culver, Stephen J. Corbett, D. Reide Buzas, Martin A. Tully, Lance S. TI Distribution of foraminifera in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the past century SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MARSH FORAMINIFERA; AMAZON SHELF; USA; DYNAMICS; TRACERS; ESTUARY; PB-210; SYSTEM; RIVER AB Foraminiferal and radionuclide data have been used to investigate environmental change that has occurred within Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the last century. Environmental conditions were evaluated for three time slices; (1) the modern environment as determined by surficial (0-1 cm) sediments, (2) short-core intervals representing approximately 40 years BP, as determined by Cs-137 activity, and (3) short-core intervals representing approximately 120 years BP, as determined by Pb-210 activity. Cluster analysis distinguished four foraminiferal assemblages at the surface (0-1 cm): (1) Marsh Biofacies, (2) Estuarine Biofacies A, (3) Estuarine Biofacies B, and (4) Marine Biofacies. The Marsh Biofacies is characterized by typical marsh foraminifera such as Tiphotrocha comprimata, Trochammina inflata, Miliammina fusea and Haplophragmoides wilberti. Estuarine Biofacies A is distinguished from Estuarine Biofacies B by the greater relative abundance of the agglutinated species Ammotium salsum and Ammobaculites crassus in the former and the greater relative abundance of Elphidium excavatum in the latter. The Marine Biofacies is comprised completely of calcareous foraminifera (e.g., Elphidium excavatum, Hanzawaia strattoni, Cibicides lobatulus, Elphidium subareticum, Quinqueloculina seminula and Elphidium galvestonense) and is restricted to tidal inlets. Down-core foraminiferal data indicate that approximately 120 years BP, Pamlico Sound was dominated by Estuarine Biofacies A, which is indicative of brackish conditions. Upcore in the 40 years BP and modern time slices, Estuarine Biofacies B is the more prominent assemblage within Pamlico Sound; this is indicative of increased salinity over time. Lowered salinity conditions 120 years BP may be the result of high hurricane activity over a several year period. C1 E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Abbene, IJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, 2045 Route 112,Bldg 4, Coram, NY 11727 USA. EM culvers@ecu.edu NR 48 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 14 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 135 EP 151 DI 10.2113/36.2.135 PG 17 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 046SF UT WOS:000237830600004 ER PT J AU Kharaka, YK Cole, DR Thordsen, JJ Kakouros, E Nance, HS AF Kharaka, YK Cole, DR Thordsen, JJ Kakouros, E Nance, HS TI Gas-water-rock interactions in sedimentary basins: CO2 sequestration in the Frio Formation, Texas, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fluid Evolution, Migration and Interaction in Sedimentary Basin and Orogenic Belts CY MAY 16-21, 2006 CL Univ Windsor, Dept Earth Sci, Windsor, CANADA HO Univ Windsor, Dept Earth Sci DE CO2 sequestration; global warming; chemical composition of fluid; Frio Formation AB To investigate the potential for the geologic storage Of CO2 in saline sedimentary aquifers, 1600 ton Of CO2 were injected at similar to 1500 m depth into a 24-m sandstone section of the Frio Formation - a regional reservoir in the US Gulf Coast. Fluid samples obtained from the injection and observation wells before, during and after CO2 injection show a Na-Ca-Cl type brine with 93,000 mg/L TDS and near saturation of CH4 at reservoir conditions. As injected CO2 gas reached the observation well, results showed sharp drops in pH (6.5 to 5.7), pronounced increases in alkalinity (100 to 3000 mg/L as HCO3) and Fe (30 to 1100 mg/L), and significant shifts in the isotopic compositions of H2O and DIC. Geochemical modeling indicates that brine pH would have dropped lower, but for buffering by dissolution of calcite and Fe oxyhydroxides. Post-injection results show the brine gradually returning to its pre-injection composition. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 427,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ykharaka@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.11.077 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 043TZ UT WOS:000237626100043 ER PT J AU Graettinger, AJ Lee, J Reeves, HW Dethan, D AF Graettinger, AJ Lee, J Reeves, HW Dethan, D TI Quantitative methods to direct exploration based on hydrogeologic information SO JOURNAL OF HYDROINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE directed exploration; FOSM; MODFLOW; Taylor series; uncertainty analysis ID UNCERTAINTY AB Quantitatively Directed Exploration (QDE) approaches based on information such as model sensitivity input data covariance and model output covariance are presented Seven approaches,. for directing exploration are developed, applied, and evaluated on a synthetic hydrogeologic site. The QDE approaches evaluate input information uncertainty subsurface model sensitivity and,, most importantly, output covariance to identify the next location to sample. Spatial input parameter values and covariances are calculated with the multivariate conditional probability calculation from a limited number of samples. A variogram structure is used during data extrapolation to describe the spatial continuity or correlation of subsurface information. Model,, sensitivity can be determined by perturbing input data and evaluating output response or, as in this work, sensitivities can be programmed directly into an analysis model. Output covariance is calculated by the First-Order Second Moment (FOSM) method, which combines the covariance of input information with model sensitivity. A groundwater flow example, modeled in MODFLOW-2000, is chosen to demonstrate the seven QDE approaches. MODFLOW-2000 is used to obtain the piezometric head and the model sensitivity simultaneously. The seven QDE approaches are evaluated based on the accuracy of the modeled piezometric head after information from a QDE sample is added. For the synthetic site used in this study, the QDE approach that identifies the location of hydraulic conductivity that contributes the most to the overall piezometric head variance proved to be the best method to quantitatively direct exploration. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geosci, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. US Geol Survey, USGS Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. Environm Resources Management, Mobile, AL 36609 USA. RP Graettinger, AJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM andrewg@coe.eng.ua.edu; leej@umkc.edu; hwreeves@usgs.gov; Deepu.Dethan@erm.com OI Reeves, Howard/0000-0001-8057-2081 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1464-7141 J9 J HYDROINFORM JI J. Hydroinform. PD APR PY 2006 VL 8 IS 2 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.2166/hydro.2006.006 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 045GL UT WOS:000237730500001 ER PT J AU Bernard, D Riteau, B Hansen, JD Phillips, RB Michel, F Boudinot, P Benmansour, A AF Bernard, David Riteau, Beatrice Hansen, John D. Phillips, Ruth B. Michel, Frederique Boudinot, Pierre Benmansour, Abdenour TI Costimulatory receptors in a teleost fish: Typical CD28, elusive CTLA4 SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GINBUNA CRUCIAN CARP; HUMAN T-CELLS; RAINBOW-TROUT; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; CHANNEL CATFISH; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; BETA-GENES; TCR ALPHA AB T cell activation requires both specific recognition of the peptide-MHC complex by the TCR and additional signals delivered by costimulatory receptors. We have identified rainbow trout sequences similar to CD28 (rbtCD28) and CTLA4 (rbtCTLA4). rbtCD28 and rbtCTLA4 are composed of an extracellular Ig-superfamily V domain, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail. The presence of a conserved ligand binding site within the V domain of both molecules suggests that these receptors likely recognize the fish homologues of the B7 family. The mRNA expression pattern of rbtCD28 and rbtCTLA4 in naive trout is reminiscent to that reported in humans and mice, because rbtCTLA4 expression within trout leukocytes was quickly up-regulated following PHA stimulation and virus infection. The cytoplasmic tail of rbtCD28 possesses a typical motif that is conserved in mammalian costimulatory receptors for signaling purposes. A chimeric receptor made of the extracellular domain of human CD28 fused to the cytoplasmic tail of rbtCD28 promoted TCR-induced IL-2 production in a human T cell line, indicating that rbtCD28 is indeed a positive costimulator. The cytoplasmic tail of rbtCTLA4 lacked obvious signaling motifs and accordingly failed to signal when fused to the huCD28 extracellular domain. Interestingly, rbtCTLA4 and rbtCD28 are not positioned on the same chromosome and thus do not belong to a unique costimulatory cluster as in mammals. Finally, our results raise questions about the origin and evolution of positive and negative costimulation in vertebrate immune systems. C1 INRA, Unite Virol & Immunol Mol, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98686 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Inst Pasteur, Unite Immunol Mol, Paris, France. RP Boudinot, P (reprint author), INRA, Unite Virol & Immunol Mol, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France. EM Pierre.Boudinot@jouy.inra.fr RI boudinot, pierre/L-4246-2016 NR 59 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 176 IS 7 BP 4191 EP 4200 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 059YY UT WOS:000238769300045 PM 16547256 ER PT J AU Perry, ND Hanson, B Hobgood, W Lopez, RL Okraska, CR Karem, K Damon, IK Carroll, DS AF Perry, ND Hanson, B Hobgood, W Lopez, RL Okraska, CR Karem, K Damon, IK Carroll, DS TI New invasive species in Southern Florida: Gambian rat (Cricetomys Gambianus) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Cricetomys; Florida keys; gambian rat; invasive species; zoonoses ID MONKEYPOX; OUTBREAK; ISLANDS AB On 17 August 2004, 5 Gambian rats (Cricetomys gambianus; 2 males and 3 females) were collected on Grassy Key, Florida. Evidence obtained from this collection confirms the existence of the 1st North American established and reproducing Cricetomys population. This invasive rodent population could represent a new series of ecological threats to the native and endemic flora and fauna of southern Florida. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, S Florida Ecol Serv Off, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. RP Carroll, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dcarroll@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 2 BP 262 EP 264 DI 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-132RR.1 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 037DB UT WOS:000237125800008 ER PT J AU Diefenbach, DR Hansen, LA Warren, RJ Conroy, MJ AF Diefenbach, DR Hansen, LA Warren, RJ Conroy, MJ TI Spatial organization of a reintroduced population of bobcats SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE bobcat; home range; land tenure; Lynx rufus; population regulation; reintroduction; social organization ID LYNX-RUFUS; SIZE; DETERMINANTS; MORTALITY; MAMMALS AB The spacing patterns and mating systems of solitary carnivores have important implications for social behavior and for the survival and reproduction of individuals. Over 2 years, we reintroduced 32 (15 males and 17 females) bobcats (Lynx rufus) to a barrier island off the coast of Georgia and studied patterns of bobcat spatial distribution. Population density increased to 3.1 bobcats/10 km(2). We found overlap of the home range for all females on the island increased during 1989-1991 such that, on average, each female shared a home-range area with the equivalent of > 2 other females, and for core areas overlap was equivalent to sharing a core area with nearly 1 other female. Reproduction and home-range overlap were related inversely and food resources did not seem to be limiting. Our results were consistent with the land tenure concept in that the initial reintroduced bobcats established home ranges that changed little in size and location. However, bobcats resident on the island for >= 1 year did not successfully exclude newcomers from their home ranges or core areas and no bobcats retained areas of exclusive use from conspecifics of the same sex. We suggest that the propensity of female bobcats to reproduce successfully may be related to their access to exclusive use areas even under conditions of adequate or good food availability. Under the conditions in this study (moderate bobcat density, adequate food availability, and limited dispersal) bobcats exhibited no evidence of an ability to exclude other adult individuals from their home ranges or core areas. C1 Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Diefenbach, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ddiejenbach@psu.edu NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 8 U2 26 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 2 BP 394 EP 401 DI 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-114R1.1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 037DB UT WOS:000237125800026 ER PT J AU Rocque, DA Ben-David, M Barry, RP Winker, K AF Rocque, DA Ben-David, M Barry, RP Winker, K TI Assigning birds to wintering and breeding grounds using stable isotopes: lessons from two feather generations among three intercontinental migrants SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optimality in Bird Migration CY FEB, 2005 CL Wilhelmshaven, GERMANY SP European Sci Fdn Sci Programme DE stable isotopes; feathers; migration; molts ID PACIFIC GOLDEN-PLOVERS; MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; COOPERS-HAWKS; HYDROGEN; RATIOS; CARBON; ORIGINS; POPULATIONS; SEABIRDS AB Geographic origins of populations and migration patterns of several vertebrate and invertebrate species have been inferred from geographically distinct isotopes in their tissues. To test the hypothesis that feathers grown on different continents would reflect continental differences of delta D in precipitation and have significantly different stable isotope ratios, we analyzed stable isotopes in two generations of feathers from three bird species (American and Pacific golden-plovers, Pluvialis dominica and P. fulva, and northern wheatears Oenanthe oenanthe) that breed in North America and winter in South America, the South Pacific and Asia, and Africa. We found significant differences in stable isotope signatures between summer- and winter-grown feathers in the plovers, and our use of two generations of feathers provided similar variation to that reported in studies using larger sample sizes. In contrast to plovers, no differences were detected in isotope values between summer- and winter-grown feathers in wheatears. Discriminant analyses separated 80% of summer- and winter-grown feathers for each plover species. Nonetheless, an "assignment with exclusion" method adapted from population genetics to impart a measure of confidence in assigning individuals to groups of origin resulted in an overall accuracy among plovers of only 41%, compared with a 63% assignment accuracy when the exclusion criterion was removed. Thus, we were unable to accurately assign feathers to origin of growth on the continental scale. Moreover, using delta D expectations for North America, we were unable to assign summer-grown plover feathers to within better than several thousand kilometers of their true origins. We urge researchers to carefully consider the ecology and physiology of their study organisms, statistical methodology, and the interpretation of results when using stable isotopes to infer the geographic origins of feather growth. C1 Univ Alaska Museum, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Math, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Rocque, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd,Mailstop 331, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM Deborah_Rocque@fws.gov RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 63 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 147 IS 2 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s10336-006-0068-2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 030PM UT WOS:000236646700029 ER PT J AU Yabsley, MJ Work, TM Rameyer, RA AF Yabsley, MJ Work, TM Rameyer, RA TI Molecular Phylogeny of Babesia poelea from brown boobies (Sula leucogaster) from Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-TUBULIN GENE; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; THEILERIA; PIROPLASMS; MICROTI AB The phylogenetic relationship of avian Babesia with other piroplasms remains unclear, mainly because of a lack of objective criteria such as molecular phylogenetics. In this study, our objective was to sequence the entire 18S, ITS-1, 5.8S. and ITS-2 regions of the rRNA ne and partial B-tubulin gene of B. poelea, first described from brown boobies (Sula leucogaster) from the central Pacific, and compare them to those of other piroplasms. Phylogenetic analyses of the entire 18S rRNA gene sequence revealed that B. poelea belonged to the clade of piroplasms previously detected in humans, domestic dogs, and wild ungulates in the western United States. The entire ITS-1, 5.8S, ITS-2, and partial beta-tubulin gene sequence shared conserved regions with previously described Babesia and Theileria species. The intron of the beta-tubulin gene was 45 bp. This is the first molecular characterization of an avian piroplasm. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Yabsley, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM myabsley@uga.edu RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 92 IS 2 BP 423 EP 425 DI 10.1645/GE-617R.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 039TG UT WOS:000237329400039 PM 16729712 ER PT J AU Spaulding, S AF Spaulding, S. TI The intersection of history and environment in diatom biogeography SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 SU 1 MA 81 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 161HH UT WOS:000246004900082 ER PT J AU Saggiomo, M Kooistra, WH Sarno, D Montresor, M Burns Lopez, C Cloern, JE Hargraves, PH Zingone, A AF Saggiomo, M. Kooistra, W. H. Sarno, D. Montresor, M. Burns Lopez, C. Cloern, J. E. Hargraves, P. H. Zingone, A. TI Differences in Skeletonema distribution among three distant temperate coastal sites SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Staz Zool Anton Dohrn, Naples, 94025, Italy. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 34946 USA. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; Zingone, Adriana/E-4518-2010 OI Zingone, Adriana/0000-0001-5946-6532 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 SU 1 MA 101 BP 31 EP 32 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 161HH UT WOS:000246004900102 ER PT J AU Cho, TO Won, BY Yates, KK Fredericq, S AF Cho, T. O. Won, B. Y. Yates, K. K. Fredericq, S. TI The identity of two new Ceramium species (Ceramiaceae, Ceramiales) from west and east Florida as inferred from molecular and morphological data SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, LA USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 SU 1 MA 131 BP 41 EP 41 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 161HH UT WOS:000246004900132 ER PT J AU Gretz, MR Riccio, ML Hungwe, TR Burger, HM Kiemle, SN Apoya-Horton, MD Domozych, DS Spaulding, SA AF Gretz, M. R. Riccio, M. L. Hungwe, T. R. Burger, H. M. Kiemle, S. N. Apoya-Horton, M. D. Domozych, D. S. Spaulding, S. A. TI A fresh look at an invasive species, Didymosphenia geminata: Chemical and structural analysis of the extracellular polymers SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Skidmore Coll, Dept Biol, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. US Geol Survey, EPA Reg 7, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 SU 1 MA 145 BP 45 EP 45 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 161HH UT WOS:000246004900146 ER PT J AU Cade, BS Richards, JD Mielke, PW AF Cade, BS Richards, JD Mielke, PW TI Rank score and permutation testing alternatives for regression quantile estimates SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE ecological limiting factors; linear model; permutation procedures; quantile regression; rank score statistic ID LINEAR-MODELS AB Performance of quantile rank score tests used for hypothesis testing and constructing confidence intervals for linear quantile regression estimates (0 <= tau <= 1) were evaluated by simulation for models with p ?=?2 and 6 predictors, moderate collinearity among predictors, homogeneous and hetero-geneous errors, small to moderate samples (n = 20-300), and central to upper quantiles (0.50-0.99). Test statistics evaluated were the conventional quantile rank score T statistic distributed as chi(2) random variable with q degrees of freedom (where q parameters are constrained by H-0:) and an F statistic with its sampling distribution approximated by permutation. The permutation F -test maintained better Type I errors than the T-test for homogeneous error models with smaller n and more extreme quantiles t. An F distributional approximation of the F statistic provided some improvements in Type I errors over the T-test for models with >2 parameters, smaller n , and more extreme quantiles but not as much improvement as the permutation approximation. Both rank score tests required weighting to maintain correct Type I errors when heterogeneity under the alternative model increased to 5 standard deviations across the domain of X. A double permutation procedure was developed to provide valid Type I errors for the permutation F-test when null models were forced through the origin. Power was similar for conditions where both T- and F-tests maintained correct Type I errors but the F-test provided some power at smaller n and extreme quantiles when the T-test had no power because of excessively conservative Type I errors. When the double permutation scheme was required for the permutation F-test to maintain valid Type I errors, power was less than for the T-test with decreasing sample size and increasing quantiles. Confidence intervals on parameters and tolerance intervals for future predictions were constructed based on test inversion for an example application relating trout densities to stream channel width:depth. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Cade, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM brian_cade@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0094-9655 J9 J STAT COMPUT SIM JI J. Stat. Comput. Simul. PD APR PY 2006 VL 76 IS 4 BP 331 EP 355 DI 10.1080/10629360500109168 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 002TS UT WOS:000234635000004 ER PT J AU Berenbrock, C AF Berenbrock, C TI A genetic algorithm to reduce stream channel cross section data SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE computational methods; data management; simulation; genetic algorithm; data reduction; cross section; surface water ID OPTIMIZATION AB A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to reduce cross section data for a hypothetical example consisting of 41 data points and for 10 cross sections on the Kootenai River. The number of data points for the Kootenai River cross sections ranged from about 500 to more than 2,500. The GA was applied to reduce the number of data points to a manageable dataset because most models and other software require fewer than 100 data points for management, manipulation, and analysis. Results indicated that the program successfully reduced the data. Fitness values from the genetic algorithm were lower (better) than those in a previous study that used standard procedures of reducing the cross section data. On average, fitnesses were 29 percent lower, and several were about 50 percent lower. Results also showed that cross sections produced by the genetic algorithm were representative of the original section and that near-optimal results could be obtained in a single run, even for large problems. Other data also can be reduced in a method similar to that for cross section data. C1 US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Berenbrock, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 230 Collins Rd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM ceberenb@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 387 EP 394 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb03845.x PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 035WG UT WOS:000237031800008 ER PT J AU Pavlovic, NB Grundel, R Sluis, W AF Pavlovic, Noel B. Grundel, Ralph Sluis, William TI Groundlayer vegetation gradients across oak woodland canopy gaps SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE C(4) grasses; environmental gradients; gap area; gap size; legumes; prairie openings; restoration; sand savanna; savanna forbland; Sorghastrum nutans; structure; Tephrosia virginiana; USA ID EAST-CENTRAL MINNESOTA; FIRE FREQUENCY; SAVANNA; TREES; FOREST; WISCONSIN; COMMUNITY; ENVIRONMENTS; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS AB PAVLOVIC, N., R. GRUNDEL, AND W. SLUIS (U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 1100 N. Mineral Springs Rd., Porter, IN 46304). J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 133(2): 225-239. 2006-Frequency of groundlayer plants was measured across oak woodland canopy gaps at three sites in northwest Indiana to examine how vegetation varied with gap size, direction along the gap edge, and microhabitat. Microhabitats were defined as under the canopy adjacent to the gap, along the gap edge, and within the gap. Gap-sites consisted of gaps plus adjacent tree canopy. Gaps were classified as small (16 +/- 1 m(2)), medium (97 +/- 8), and large (310 +/- 32). Neither richness nor diversity differed among microhabitats, gap sizes, or edges. Similarity between microhabitats wthin a gap-site increased as the distance between plots decreased and as the difference in PAR decreased, the latter explaining twice the variation in percent dissimilarity compared to Mg concentration, A horizon depth, and litter cover. Diervilla lonicera, Frageria virginiana, Helianthus divaricatus, Polygonatum pubescens, Quercus velutina, Smilacena stellata, and Tradescantia ohiensis decreased, while Tephrosia virginiana and legumes increased in frequency, from canopy to gap, and C(4) grasses peaked at the gap edge, independent of gap size. Additional species frequency varied across the microhabitat gradient within specific sites. Sorghastrum nutans was three times more frequent in gaps at large sites than elsewhere. The vegetation in medium-sized gap-sites was more variable than within small and large gap-sites, suggesting greater environmental heterogeneity at that scale. Within gap-sites, vegetation was more heterogeneous within edges and canopies than in gaps. Edges were more similar in composition to gaps than to canopy groundlayer within gap-sites. Few species varied significantly in frequency around the gap edge. The oak woodland groundlayer on sandy substrates can be characterized as a mosaic of forb dominated vegetation that varies across light gradients associated with canopy gaps, transitioning to islands of grassland vegetation when gaps exceed 160 m(2). C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Pavlovic, NB (reprint author), 1304 Leawood Ct, Naperville, IL 60564 USA. EM npavlovic@usgs.gov RI Clark, Stacy/I-3410-2015 NR 69 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 23 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 133 IS 2 BP 225 EP 239 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[225:GVGAOW]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 079XX UT WOS:000240212300002 ER PT J AU Espinar, JL AF Espinar, J. L. TI Sample size and the detection of a hump-shaped relationship between biomass and species richness in Mediterranean wetlands SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bootstrap; diversity; donana; GLM; Mediterranean; salt marsh; species richness; submerged macrophyte; unimodal relationship ID HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; SALT-MARSH; PRODUCTIVITY; DOMINANCE; PATTERNS; SCALE AB Questions: What is the observed relationship between biomass and species richness across both spatial and temporal scales in communities of submerged annual macrophytes? Does the number of plots sampled affect detection of hump-shaped pattern? Location: Donana National Park, southwestern Spain. Methods: A total of 102 plots were sampled during four hydrological cycles. In each hydrological cycle, the plots were distributed randomly along an environmental flooding gradient in three contrasted microhabitats located in the transition zone just below the upper marsh. In each plot (0.5 m x 0.5 m), plant density and above- and below-ground biomass of submerged vegetation were measured. The hump-shaped model was tested by using a generalized linear model (GLM). A bootstrap procedure was used to test the effect of the number of plots on the ability to detect hump-shaped patterns. Result: The area exhibited low species density with a range of 1 - 9 species and low values of biomass with a range of 0.2 - 87.6 g-DW / 0.25 m(2). When data from all years and all microhabitats were combined, the relationships between biomass and species richness showed a hump-shaped pattern. The number of plots was large enough to allow detection of the hump-shaped pattern across microhabitats but it was too small to confirm the hump-shaped pattern within each individual microhabitat. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of hump-shaped patterns across microhabitats when GLM analysis is used. In communities of submerged annual macrophytes in Mediterranean wetlands, the highest species density occurs in intermediate values of biomass. The bootstrap procedure indicates that the number of plots affects the detection of hump-shaped patterns. C1 CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla, Dept Geoecol, ES-41080 Seville, Spain. RP Espinar, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM jespinar@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02441.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 043OW UT WOS:000237611900011 ER PT J AU Sano, H Sherrod, DR Tagami, T AF Sano, H Sherrod, DR Tagami, T TI Youngest volcanism about 1 million years ago at Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hawaii; Kahoolawe; hotspot; rejuvenated volcanism; unspiked K-Ar dating ID REJUVENATED-STAGE VOLCANISM; K-AR AGES; ALKALIC BASALTS; MAUI; ROCKS; PETROGENESIS; ENRICHMENT; HALEAKALA; EVOLUTION; MOLOKAI AB Young volcanic deposits in Kahoolawe Island, cutting up through the caldera-filling lava, colluvium and talus in the west wall of Kanapou Bay, had long been stratigraphically considered the rejuvenated-stage products. New K-Ar ages, combined with magnetic polarity data, show that young voicanism was at about 0.98-1.04 Ma and indicate no substantial quiescence between the filling of the caldera and the young volcanism. This result, and the tholeiitic characteristics of the young deposits, suggest they are a component of late shield-stage volcanism. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Div Earth & Planetary Sci, Dept Geol & Mineral, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Sano, H (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Div Earth & Planetary Sci, Dept Geol & Mineral, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM sanoukun@kueps.kyoto-u.ac.jp; dsherrod@usgs.gov; tagami@kueps.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 152 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.10.001 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 027XG UT WOS:000236448800005 ER PT J AU Bergfeld, D Evans, WC Howle, JF Farrar, CD AF Bergfeld, D Evans, WC Howle, JF Farrar, CD TI Carbon dioxide emissions from vegetation-kill zones around the resurgent dome of Long Valley caldera, eastern California, USA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Long Valley caldera; diffuse CO2 efflux; soil gas; geothermal system; volcano monitoring ID BENEATH MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; CO2; DEFORMATION; UNREST; FLUX; FRACTIONATION; INFERENCES; RESERVOIR; VOLCANO AB A survey of diffuse CO2 efflux, soil temperature and soil-gas chemistry over areas of localized vegetation-kill on and around the resurgent dome of Long Valley caldera California was performed to evaluate the premise that gaseous and thermal anomalies are related to renewed intrusion of magma. Some kill sites are long-lived features and others have developed in the past few years. Total anomalous CO2 emissions from the thirteen areas average around 8.7 t per day; but the majority of the emissions come from four sites west of the Casa Diablo geothermal power plant. Geochemical analyses of the soil-gases from locations west and east of the plant revealed the presence of isobutane related to plant operations. The delta(13)C values of diffuse CO2 range from - 5.7 parts per thousand to - 3.4 parts per thousand, similar to values previously reported for CO2 from hot springs and thermal wells around Long Valley. At many of the vegetation-kill sites soil temperatures reach boiling at depths <= 20 cm. Soil temperature/depth profiles at two of the high-emissions areas indicate that the conductive thermal gradient in the center of the areas is around 320 degrees C m(-1). We estimate total heat loss from the two areas to be about 6.1 and 2.3 MW. Given current thinking on the rate of hydrothermal fluid flow across the caldera and using the CO2 concentration in the thermal fluids, the heat and CO2 loss from the kill areas is easily provided by the shallow hydrothermal system, which is sourced to the west of the resurgent dome. We find no evidence that the development of new areas of vegetation kill across the resurgent dome are related to new input of magma or magmatic fluids from beneath the resurgent dome. Our findings indicate that the areas have developed as a response to changes in the shallow hydrologic system. Some of the changes are likely related to fluid production at the power plant, but at distal sites the changes are more likely related to seismicity and uplift of the dome. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Carnelian Bay, CA 96140 USA. RP Bergfeld, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 434,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dbergfel@usgs.gov RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012 NR 55 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 152 IS 1-2 BP 140 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.11.003 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 027XG UT WOS:000236448800009 ER PT J AU Krafft, BA Kovacs, KM Andersen, M Aars, J Lydersen, C Ergon, T Haug, T AF Krafft, BA Kovacs, KM Andersen, M Aars, J Lydersen, C Ergon, T Haug, T TI Abundance of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in the fjords of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, during the peak molting period SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerial survey; digital photography; abundance; ringed seal; Pusa hispida ID ALASKAN BEAUFORT SEA; BARROW-STRAIT AREA; HAUL-OUT BEHAVIOR; PHOCA-HISPIDA; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; BREEDING HABITAT; UNDERWATER VOCALIZATIONS; BEARDED SEALS; HARBOR SEALS; BOTHNIAN BAY AB Ringed seal (Pusa hispida) abundance in Spitsbergen, Svalbard, was estimated during the peak molting period via aerial, digital photographic surveys. A total of 9,145 images, covering 41.7% - 100% of the total fast-ice cover (1,496 km(2)) of 18 different fjords and bays, were inspected for the presence of ringed seals. A total of 1,708 seals were counted, and when accounting for ice areas that were not covered by images, a total of 3,254 (95% Cl: 3,071-3,449) ringed seals were estimated to be hauled out during the surveys. Extensive behavioral data from radio-tagged ringed seals (collected in a companion study) from one of the highest density fjords during the molting period were used to create a model that predicts the proportion of seals hauled out on any given date, time of day, and under various meteorological conditions. Applying this model to the Count data from each fjord, we estimated that a total of 7,585 (95% CI: 6,332-9,085) ringed seals were present in the surveyed area during the peak molting period. Data on interannual variability in ringed seal abundance suggested higher numbers of seals in Van Keulenfjorden in 2002 compared to 2003, while other fjords with very stable ice cover showed no statistical differences. Poor ice conditions in general in 2002 probably resulted ill seals from a wide area coming to Van Keulenfjorden (a large fjord with stable ice in 2002). The total estimated number of ringed seats present in the study area at the time of the survey Must be regarded as a population index, or at least a minimum estimate for the area, because it does not account for individuals leaving and arriving, which might account for a considerable number of animals. The same situation is likely the case for many other studies reporting aerial census data for ringed seals. To achieve accurate estimates of populations sizes from aerial Surveys, more extensive knowledge of ringed seat behavior will be required. C1 Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Evolutionary & Ecol Synth, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Inst Marine Res, N-9294 Tromso, Norway. RP Krafft, BA (reprint author), Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. EM kit.kovacs@npolar.no NR 63 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 14 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 394 EP 412 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00035.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 028ZS UT WOS:000236527900011 ER PT J AU Keller, CA Ward-Geiger, LI Brooks, WB Slay, CK Taylor, CR Zoodsma, BJ AF Keller, CA Ward-Geiger, LI Brooks, WB Slay, CK Taylor, CR Zoodsma, BJ TI North Atlantic right whale distribution in relation to sea-surface temperature in the southeastern United States calving grounds SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE North Atlantic right whale; Eubalaena glacialis; sea-surface temperature; southeastern US calving grounds; endangered species; GIS ID SOUTHERN RIGHT WHALES; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; HABITAT; AUSTRALIS; PATTERNS; MIGRATE; CHANNEL; CANADA; WATERS AB Standardized aerial surveys were used to document the winter (December-March) distribution of North Atlantic right whales in their calving area off the coasts of Georgia and northeastern Florida (1991-1998). Survey data were collected within four survey zones in and adjacent to federally designated critical habitat. These data, including whale-sighting locations and sampling effort, were used to describe right whale distribution in relation to sea-surface temperature (SST) from satellite-derived images. Locations where whales were sighted (n = 609) had an overall mean SST of 14.3 degrees C +/- 2.1 degrees (range 8 degrees-22 degrees C). Data from two survey zones having sufficient data (including the "early warning system" (EWS) zone and the Florida nearshore) were pooled by season and stratified by month to investigate changes in monthly ambient SST and fine-scale distribution patterns of right whales in relation to SST within spatially explicit search areas. Using Monte Carlo techniques, SSTs and latitudes (means and standard deviations) of locations where whales were sighted were compared to a sampling distribution of each variable derived from daily-search areas. Overall, results support a nonrandom distribution of right whales in relation to SST: during resident months (January and February), whales exhibited low variability in observed SST and a suggested southward shift in whale distribution toward warmer SSTs in the EWS zone; while in the relatively warmer and southernmost survey zone (Florida nearshore), right whales were concentrated in the northern, cooler portion. Our results support that warm Gulf Stream waters, generally found south and east of delineated critical habitat, represent a thermal limit for right whales and play an important role in their distribution within the calving grounds. These results affirm the inclusion of SST in a multivariate predictive model for right whale distribution in their southeastern habitat. C1 FWRI, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32216 USA. New England Aquarium, Edgerton Res Lab, Boston, MA 02110 USA. Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. RP Keller, CA (reprint author), FWRI, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 23 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 426 EP 445 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00033.x PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 028ZS UT WOS:000236527900013 ER PT J AU Laist, DW Shaw, C AF Laist, DW Shaw, C TI Preliminary evidence that boat speed restrictions reduce deaths of Florida manatees SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32216 USA. RP Laist, DW (reprint author), Marine Mammal Commiss, 4340 EW Highway,Room 905, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM dlaist@mmc.gov NR 5 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 113 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 472 EP 479 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00027.x PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 028ZS UT WOS:000236527900016 ER PT J AU Fryda, J Heidelberger, D Blodgett, RB AF Fryda, Jiri Heidelberger, Doris Blodgett, Robert B. TI Odontomariinae, a new Middle Paleozoic subfamily of slit-bearing euomphaloidean gastropods (Euomphalomorpha, Gastropoda) SO NEUES JAHRBUCH FUR GEOLOGIE UND PALAONTOLOGIE-MONATSHEFTE LA English DT Article DE Devonian; Gastropoda; Odontomaria; new taxa ID HIGHER CLASSIFICATION; EARLY PHYLOGENY; SHELL FORM; ORDOVICIAN; FAMILIES; ALASKA; VETIGASTROPODA; MACLURITELLA; CIRROIDEA; EVOLUTION AB A new subfamily, the Odontomariinae subfam. nov., is established herein for a distinctive group of uncoiled, slit-bearing Middle Devonian euomphalid gastropods. Its taxonomic position is based on the recent discovery of open coiled proto-conchs and it is placed within the Euomphalomorpha. The genera Odontomaria C. F. ROEMER and Tubiconcha n. gen. belonging to this new subfamily are enlarged based Oil Studies on new material of the following species: Odontomaria semiplicata (SANDBERGER & SANDBERGER), Odontomaria gracilis ji. sp., Odontomaria jankei n. sp., Odontomaria cheeneetnukensis n. sp., Odontomaria cindiprellerae n. sp. and Tubiconcha leunissi (HEIDELBERGER, 2001). Members of the Odontomariinae were mainly sedentary organisms in high-energy, moderately shallow water. C1 Czech Geol Survey, Prague 11821 1, Czech Republic. US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Fryda, J (reprint author), Czech Geol Survey, Klarov 3-131, Prague 11821 1, Czech Republic. EM bellerophon@seznam.cz; KHeidelberger@t-online.de; rblodgett@usgs.gov RI Fryda, Jiri/C-3319-2008 OI Fryda, Jiri/0000-0003-2410-3293 NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0028-3630 J9 NEUES JAHRB GEOL P-M JI Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaontol.-Monatsh. PD APR PY 2006 IS 4 BP 225 EP 248 PG 24 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 042VD UT WOS:000237557600003 ER PT J AU Moffitt, CM Mobin, SMA AF Moffitt, CM Mobin, SMA TI Profile of microflora of the posterior intestine of Chinook salmon before, during, and after administration of rations with and without erythromycin SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 134th Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID RAINBOW-TROUT; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; FRESH-WATER; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; BACTERIAL-FLORA; SEDIMENTS; YEAST; OXYTETRACYCLINE; IDENTIFICATION AB We describe the resident heterotrophic aerobic microflora of the salmonid posterior intestine before, during, and after the administration of rations with erythromycin in a hatchery raceway environment. We compare the profiles of medicated Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha with those of control fish that were not fed erythromycin. The combined counts of bacteria and yeasts per gram of fish intestine originating from four upstream raceways ranged from 3.0 x 10(2) to 9.6 x 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) over the study period. Yeasts were commonly identified in the gut, and abundances ranged from 0% to more than 80% of the CFU. Erythromycin therapy decreased the total microbial population and altered the bacterial diversity in the gut during treatment. The intestinal microbial populations in fish medicated with erythromycin increased rapidly after treatment ceased, and by 25 d after treatment the CFU were similar in samples from both medicated and control fish populations. Of 325 isolates front fish selected for biochemical profiles, we identified a total of eight gram-positive and eight gram-negative genera. Bacillus spp. were common throughout sampling and were identified in samples of fish feed. Erythrornycin-resistant, gram-positive bacteria were observed throughout the sampling in medicated and control fish. We identified seven gram-positive and two gram-negative genera in 74 selected isolates from control and erythromycin feeds. Our studies suggest that the aerobic microflora of the posterior intestine varies over time, and it is likely that few resistant genera of concern to human health are present. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2006 VL 68 IS 2 BP 176 EP 185 DI 10.1577/A05-013.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 043MH UT WOS:000237604700008 ER PT J AU Smith, DG Shiinoki, EK VanderWerf, EA AF Smith, DG Shiinoki, EK VanderWerf, EA TI Recovery of native species following rat eradication on Mokoli'i Island, O'ahu, Hawai'i SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DECLINE AB Rats were eradicated from Mokoll'i, a 1.6-ha island off the east shore of O'ahu, using snap traps, cage traps, and diphacinone bait stations. A total of 18 black rats (Rattus rattus) were caught, and 3 5 4 bait blocks were used. There was no sign of rats on the island after 27 May 2002. Wedge-tailed Shear-waters (Puffinus pacifims) nest on Mokoh'i, but only a single chick survived during 1999-2001; the number of surviving chicks increased to 126 in 2002 and 185 in 2003. The number of intertidal invertebrates and native plants, including the endangered Carter's panic grass (Panicum fauriei var. carteri), also appeared to increase after rat eradication. Rats had a devastating impact on the flora and fauna of Mokoli'i, and their eradication has allowed a dramatic recovery of native species. The majority of the labor for the eradication effort was provided by the local community, demonstrating what can be achieved with dedicated volunteers and community support. C1 Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Forestry & Wildlife, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Shiinoki, EK (reprint author), Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Forestry & Wildlife, 2135 Makiki Hts Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM eshiinoki@hawaii.rr.com NR 11 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 15 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD APR PY 2006 VL 60 IS 2 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1353/psc.2006.0012 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 025VX UT WOS:000236296200010 ER PT J AU Zuellig, RF Kondratieff, BC Hood, RW AF Zuellig, RF Kondratieff, BC Hood, RW TI Studies on stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Colorado with eastern faunal affinities, including a new state record of the midwestern salmonfly, Pteronarcys pictetii Hagen (Plecoptera : Pteronarcyidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Plecoptera; Pteronarcys pictetii; Colorado ID NEW-MEXICO; TAENIOPTERYGIDAE; USA; RIVER; LIST; EGG AB Pteronarcys pictetii Hagen nymphs were collected and reared from the South Platte River at Julesburg in eastern Colorado. Including P. pictetii, eight species are now known from Colorado that exhibit eastern North American affinities, Paracapnia angulata Hanson, Taeniopteryx burksi Ricker and Ross, Taeniopteryx parvula Banks, Acroneuria abnormis (Newman), Perlesta decipiens (Walsh), Isoperla bilineata (Say), and Isoperla marlynia (Needham and Claassen). A brief discussion of the dispersal of these species into Colorado is presented. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Zuellig, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rzuellig@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 335 EP 340 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 028XX UT WOS:000236523200010 ER PT J AU Perez, NM King, CY Gurrieri, S Mcgee, K AF Perez, NM King, CY Gurrieri, S Mcgee, K TI Introduction SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ITER, Div Environm Res, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Earthquake Predict Res Inc, Los Altos, CA 94022 USA. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Perez, NM (reprint author), ITER, Div Environm Res, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. RI Gurrieri, Sergio/F-9701-2014; Perez Rodriguez, Nemesio /H-9295-2015 OI Gurrieri, Sergio/0000-0003-4085-0440; Perez Rodriguez, Nemesio /0000-0003-1410-7717 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD APR PY 2006 VL 163 IS 4 BP 629 EP 631 DI 10.1007/s00024-006-0052-z PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 039SB UT WOS:000237326000001 ER PT J AU Mcgee, KA Sutton, AJ Elias, T Doukas, MP Gerlach, TM AF Mcgee, KA Sutton, AJ Elias, T Doukas, MP Gerlach, TM TI Puhimau thermal area: A window into the upper East Rift Zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii? SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; volcanic gases; soil; efflux; puhimau; Kilauea ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSION; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; MAGMATIC CO2; TREE-KILL; SOIL; CALIFORNIA; RESERVOIR; FLUXES; SUMMIT; BUDGET AB We report the results of two soil CO2 efflux surveys by the closed chamber circulation method at the Puhimau thermal area in the upper East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. The surveys were undertaken in 1996 and 1998 to constrain how much CO2 might be reaching the ERZ after degassing beneath the summit caldera and whether the Puhimau thermal area might be a significant contributor to the overall CO2 budget of Kilauea. The area was revisited in 2001 to determine the effects of surface disturbance on efflux values by the collar emplacement technique utilized in the earlier surveys. Utilizing a cutoff value of 50 g m(-2) d(-1) for the surrounding forest background efflux, the CO2 emission rates for the anomaly at Puhimau thermal area were 27 t d(-1) in 1996 and 17 t d(-1) in 1998. Water vapor was removed before analysis in all cases in order to obtain CO2 values on a dry air basis and mitigate the effect of water vapor dilution on the measurements. It is clear that Puhimau thermal area is not a significant contributor to Kilauea's CO2 output and that most of Kilauea's CO2 ( 8500 t d(-1)) is degassed at the summit, leaving only magma with its remaining stored volatiles, such as SO2, for injection down the ERZ. Because of the low CO2 emission rate and the presence of a shallow water table in the upper ERZ that effectively scrubs SO2 and other acid gases, Puhimau thermal area currently does not appear to be generally well suited for observing temporal changes in degassing at Kilauea. C1 Cascades Volcano Observ, US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Mcgee, KA (reprint author), Cascades Volcano Observ, US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD APR PY 2006 VL 163 IS 4 BP 837 EP 851 DI 10.1007/s00024-006-0036-z PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 039SB UT WOS:000237326000014 ER PT J AU Waite, WF Gilbert, LY Winters, WJ Mason, DH AF Waite, WF Gilbert, LY Winters, WJ Mason, DH TI Estimating thermal diffusivity and specific heat from needle probe thermal conductivity data SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID HOT-WIRE METHOD; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; TETRAHYDROFURAN; HYDRATE; CAPACITIES; ENTHALPIES; CLATHRATE; ICE AB Thermal diffusivity and specific heat can be estimated from thermal conductivity measurements made using a standard needle probe and a suitably high data acquisition rate. Thermal properties are calculated from the measured temperature change in a sample subjected to heating by a needle probe. Accurate thermal conductivity measurements are obtained from a linear fit to many tens or hundreds of temperature change data points. In contrast, thermal diffusivity calculations require a nonlinear fit to the measured temperature change occurring in the first few tenths of a second of the measurement, resulting in a lower accuracy than that obtained for thermal conductivity. Specific heat is calculated from the ratio of thermal conductivity to diffusivity, and thus can have an uncertainty no better than that of the diffusivity estimate. Our thermal conductivity measurements of ice Ih and of tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate, made using a 1.6 mm outer diameter needle probe and a data acquisition rate of 18.2 points/s, agree with published results. Our thermal diffusivity and specific heat results reproduce published results within 25% for ice Ih and 3% for THF hydrate. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Waite, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2006 VL 77 IS 4 AR 044904 DI 10.1063/1.2194481 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 037HA UT WOS:000237136500046 ER PT J AU Peters, NE Shanley, JB Aulenbach, BT Webb, RM Campbell, DH Hunt, R Larsen, MC Stallard, RF Troester, J Walker, JF AF Peters, NE Shanley, JB Aulenbach, BT Webb, RM Campbell, DH Hunt, R Larsen, MC Stallard, RF Troester, J Walker, JF TI Water and solute mass balance of five small, relatively undisturbed watersheds in the US SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; biogeochemistry; runoff; water budgets; watersheds; weathering ID PANOLA-MOUNTAIN; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; SULFUR RETENTION; DRY DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-PARK; PUERTO-RICO; LOCH VALE; SEA SALTS AB Geochemical mass balances were computed for water years 1992-1997 (October 1991 through September 1997) for the five watersheds of the U.S. Geological Survey Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) Program to determine the primary regional controls on yields of the major dissolved inorganic solutes. The sites, which vary markedly with respect to climate, geology, physiography, and ecology, are: Allequash Creek, Wisconsin (low-relief, humid continental forest); Andrews Creek, Colorado (cold alpine, taiga/tundra, and subalpine boreal forest); Rio Icacos, Puerto Rico (lower montane, wet tropical forest); Panola Mountain, Georgia (humid subtropical piedmont forest); and Sleepers River, Vermont (humid northern hardwood forest). Streamwater output fluxes were determined by constructing empirical multivariate concentration models including discharge and seasonal components. Input fluxes were computed from weekly wet-only or bulk precipitation sampling. Despite uncertainties in input fluxes arising from poorly defined elevation gradients, lack of dry-deposition and occult-deposition measurements, and uncertain sea-salt contributions, the following was concluded: (1) for solutes derived primarily from rock weathering (Ca, Mg, Na, K, and H4SiO4), net fluxes (outputs in streamflow minus inputs in deposition) varied by two orders of magnitude, which is attributed to a large gradient in rock weathering rates controlled by climate and geologic parent material; (2) the net flux of atmospherically derived solutes (NH4, NO3, SO4, and Cl) was similar among sites, with SO4 being the most variable and NH4 and NO3 generally retained (except for NO3 at Andrews), and (3) relations among monthly solute fluxes and differences among solute concentration model parameters yielded additional insights into comparative biogeochemical processes at the sites. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Guaynabo, PR 00965 USA. RP Peters, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3039 Amwiler Rd,Suite 130, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. EM nepeters@usgs.gov RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013; Aulenbach, Brent/A-5848-2008 OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608; Aulenbach, Brent/0000-0003-2863-1288 NR 55 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 1 PY 2006 VL 358 IS 1-3 BP 221 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.044 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 032QG UT WOS:000236788800017 PM 15978657 ER PT J AU Mackessy, SP Sixberry, NA Heyborne, WH Fritts, T AF Mackessy, SP Sixberry, NA Heyborne, WH Fritts, T TI Venom of the Brown Treesnake, Boiga irregularis: Ontogenetic shifts and taxa-specific toxicity SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE acetylcholinesterase; Colubridae; CRiSPs; envenomation; evolution; mass spectrometry; metalloprotease; neurotoxins; rearfanged; taxa-specific toxicity ID TREE SNAKE; DUVERNOY SECRETION; COLUBRID SNAKES; PURIFICATION; GUAM; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; DENDROPHILA; BLANDINGI; PROTEINS; METALLOPROTEINASES AB The Brown Treesnake (Boiga irregularis), a rear-fanged member of the polyphyletic family Colubridae, is an introduced predator on Guam which has been responsible for numerous human envenornations. Because little is known about this species' venom, we characterized venom proteins from B. irregularis using enzyme assays, one and 2D electrophoresis, Western blot analysis, mass spectrometry, HPLC and toxicity assays. Venom yields and protein content varied significantly with snake size, and large adult specimens averaged over 500 mu l venom (19.2 mg, protein content similar to 90%). Only two enzymes, azocaseinolytic metalloprotease and acetylcholinesterase, were detected in venoms, and both activities increased with snake size/age. Western blot analysis demonstrated a 25 kDa CRiSP homolog in venoms from both neonate and adult snakes. 2D electrophoresis showed variation between venoms from neonate and adult snakes, especially with respect to metalloprotease and acetylcholinesterase. Analysis by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry revealed the presence of numerous proteins with molecular masses of similar to 8.5-11 kDa. Adult B. irregularis venom was quite toxic to domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus; 1.75 mu g/g) and lizards (Hemidactylus geckos: 2.5 mu g/g and Carlia skinks: 4.5 mu g/g), and intoxication was characterized by rapid paralysis of all species and neck droop in chickens. Toxicity of venom from neonates toward geckos was 1.1 mu g/g, consistent with the presence of a greater diversity of 8-11 kDa proteins (suspected neurotoxins) in these venoms. All of these values were notably lower than murine LD50 values (neonate: 18 mu g/g; adult: 31 mu g/g). Like venoms of several front-fanged species, B. irregularis venom showed an ontogenetic shift in enzyme activities and toxicity, and neonate snakes produced more toxic venoms with lower protease and acetylcholinesterase activities. High toxicity toward non-mammalian prey demonstrated the presence of taxa-specific effects (and thus toxins) in B. irregularis venom, likely a characteristic of many colubrid snake venoms. We hypothesize that the lack of significant envenomation effects in humans following most colubrid bites results from this taxa-specific action of colubrid venom components, not from a lack of toxins. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ No Colorado, Sch Biol Sci, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Mackessy, SP (reprint author), Univ No Colorado, Sch Biol Sci, 501 20th St,CB 92, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. EM stephen.mackessy@unco.edu NR 62 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD APR PY 2006 VL 47 IS 5 BP 537 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.01.007 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 037IW UT WOS:000237141300006 PM 16545413 ER PT J AU Mendoza, ME Bocco, G Bravo, M Granados, EL Osterkamp, WR AF Mendoza, ME Bocco, G Bravo, M Granados, EL Osterkamp, WR TI Predicting water-surface fluctuation of continental lakes: A RS and GIS based approach in central Mexico SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE lake management; remote sensing; geographical information systems; Mexico ID BASIN; CHAD AB Changes in the water-surface area occupied by the Cuitzeo Lake, Mexico, during the 1974-2001 period are analysed in this study. The research is based on remote sensing and geographic information techniques, as well as statistical analysis. High-resolution satellite image data were used to analyse the 1974-2000 period, and very low-resolution satellite image data were used for the 1997-2001 period. The long-term analysis (1974-2000) indicated that there were temporal changes in the surface area of the Cuitzeo Lake and that these changes were related to precipitation and temperatures that occurred in the previous year. Short-term monitoring (1997-2001) showed that the Cuitzeo Lake surface is lowering. Field observations demonstrated also that yearly desiccation is recurrent, particularly, in the western section of the lake. Results suggested that this behaviour was probably due to a drought period in the basin that began in the mid 1990s. Regression models constructed from long-term data showed that fluctuations of lake level can be estimated by monthly mean precipitation and temperatures of the previous year. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geog, Morelia 58000, Michoacan, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonomas Mexico, Ctr Invest Ecosistemas, Morelia 58189, Michoacan, Mexico. SEMARNAT, Inst Nacl Ecol, Mexico City 04530, DF, Mexico. INIFAP, CENID CENAPROS, Ctr Nacl Invest Disciplinaria Prod Sostenible, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. US Geol Survey, WRD, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Mendoza, ME (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geog, Aquiles Serdan 382, Morelia 58000, Michoacan, Mexico. EM mmendoza@igiris.igeograf.unam.mx RI Mendoza, Manuel/K-9141-2016 OI Mendoza, Manuel/0000-0003-1310-9702 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD APR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 291 EP 311 DI 10.1007/s11269-006-8199-z PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 024MX UT WOS:000236200300008 ER PT J AU DiTomaso, JM Brooks, ML Allen, EB Minnich, R Rice, PM Kyser, GB AF DiTomaso, JM Brooks, ML Allen, EB Minnich, R Rice, PM Kyser, GB TI Control of invasive weeds with prescribed burning SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE fire; integrated vegetation management; rangelands; wildlands ID STARTHISTLE CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS; KANSAS TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; 2 CONTRASTING SOILS; EXOTIC PLANT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; C-4-DOMINATED GRASSLAND; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ORGANIC-MATTER; MIXED PRAIRIE AB Prescribed burning has primarily been used as a tool for the control of invasive late-season annual broadleaf and grass species, particularly yellow starthistle, medusahead, barb goatgrass, and several bromes. However, timely burning of a few invasive biennial broadleaves (e.g., sweetclover and garlic mustard), perennial grasses (e.g., bluegrasses and smooth brome), and woody species (e.g., brooms and Chinese tallow tree) also has been successful. In many cases, the effectiveness of prescribed burning can be enhanced when incorporated into an integrated vegetation management program. Although there are some excellent examples of successful use of prescribed burning for the control of invasive species, a limited number of species have been evaluated. In addition, few studies have measured the impact of prescribed burning on the long-term changes in plant communities, impacts to endangered plant species, effects on wildlife and insect populations, and alterations in soil biology, including nutrition, mycorrhizae, and hydrology. In this review, we evaluate the current state of knowledge on prescribed burning as a tool for invasive weed management. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Calif Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Redding, CA 96002 USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP DiTomaso, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Mail Stop 4,1 Shields Ave, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. EM jmditomaso@ucdavis.edu NR 159 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 17 U2 97 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 535 EP 548 DI 10.1614/WT-05-086R1.1 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 055UP UT WOS:000238476300039 ER PT J AU Giddings, EA Brown, LR Short, TM Meador, MR AF Giddings, EA Brown, LR Short, TM Meador, MR TI Relation of fish communities to environmental conditions in urban streams of the Wasatch Front, Utah SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE fish communities; brown trout; mountain sucker; urbanization; Utah; water quality ID NONNATIVE FISHES; MELBOURNE REGION; URBANIZATION; MACROINVERTEBRATE; DOWNSTREAM; CALIFORNIA; RIVER; PENNSYLVANIA; ASSEMBLAGE; AUSTRALIA AB Twenty-eight sites along the Wasatch Front, north central Utah, representing the range of urban land use intensity for wadeable streams Of the area, were sampled in September 2000. Fish communities were assessed by single-pass electrofishing, and physical habitat and water-quality characteristics were measured. Oil average, normative species comprised 54% of species richness and 53% of relative abundance, although only Salmo trutta and Pimephales promelas were very abundant at any I site. Salmo trutta mid Catostomus platyrhynchus, a native species, were the most widely distributed and abundant species captured. Analysis of fish communities using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed a community gradient from sites dominated by Salmo trutta and Cottus species (C. bairdi, C. beldingi) to sites dominated by Catostomus platyrhynchus. Sites dominated by C. platyrhynchus were smaller in size and had less habitat cover, smaller average substrate size, higher concentrations of dissolved constituents, and higher water temperature than sites dominated by S. trutta. Sites dominated by C platyrhynchus were located in more intensely urbanized watersheds at lower elevations. Stream size and associated instream habitat availability appear to limit S. trutta distribution and abundance, while native species appear more tolerant of decreased water quality, and increased water temperatures in more urbanized streams. Most of the study sites are affected by development of water infrastructure for human water use (e.g., dams and diversions), and this infrastructure may play a role in dispersal of species. C1 US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Giddings, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2006 VL 66 IS 2 BP 155 EP 168 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[155:ROFCTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048JM UT WOS:000237943400002 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, SP Bowers, JE AF McLaughlin, SP Bowers, JE TI Plant species richness at different scales in native and exotic grasslands in southeastern Arizona SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE species richness; grasslands; exotic species; invasive species; species pools; Madrean mixed-grass prairie; Arizona ID ERAGROSTIS-LEHMANNIANA; MOUNTAIN GRASSLANDS; SEED DORMANCY; DIVERSITY; LOVEGRASS; COMMUNITIES; GERMINATION; LIMITATION; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION AB Species richness in Madrean mixed-grass prairies dominated by native or exotic species in southeastern Arizona was characterized at the community and point scales using ten 1-m(2) quadrats nested within each of eight 1000-m(2) plots. In the 1000-m(2) plots average richness was significantly higher in oak savanna (OS, 121.0 species) than in exotic grassland on mesa tops (EMT, 52.0 species), whereas native grassland on mesa slopes (NMS, 92.5 species) and native grassland on mesa tops (NMT, 77.0 species) did not differ significantly in richness from OS or EMT When richness was partitioned by life form, EMT was notably poorer than other community types in species of perennial grasses, perennial herbs, and summer annuals. In the 1-m(2) quadrats, OS (21.2 species), NMS (20.9 species), and NMT (20.7 species) were significantly richer than EMT (5.9 species). Cover in 1-m(2) plots was significantly higher in EMT than in NMT NMS, or OS. Species richness at the point scale showed a unimodal relation to canopy cover; with cover accounting for 30% of the variation in number of species in 1-m(2) quadrats. Competitive exclusion and allelopathy have perhaps limited species richness at the point scale in exotic grassland. There was no evidence of a species-pool effect between point and community scales, but such an effect between community and landscape scales was supported. Madrean mixed-grass prairies are landscapes with high species richness in comparison to other grassland types in North America, providing a large pool of potential colonizing species at the community scale. Beta-diversity (between communities) within the landscape of the Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch was consequently high despite a relative lack of habitat diversity. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bowers, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. NR 79 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 20 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2006 VL 66 IS 2 BP 209 EP 221 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[209:PSRADS]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048JM UT WOS:000237943400007 ER PT J AU Lysne, S Koetsier, P AF Lysne, Steven Koetsier, Peter TI Growth rate and thermal tolerance of two endangered snake river snails SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE endangered species; Valvata; Pyrgulopsis; temperature. ID TEMPERATURE; REPRODUCTION AB We investigated the temperature tolerance and growth of 2 federally protected freshwater gastropods from southern Idaho: Valvata utahensis and Pyrgulopsis idahoensis. Snails were collected in the Snake River and transported to the laboratory where they were kept under highly controlled conditions. In varying-temperature, short-duration experiments, the temperatures tolerated by both species were between 7 degrees C and 34 degrees C. In constant-temperature, long-duration experiments, growth rates were between 0.004 mm (.) d(-1) and 0.016 mm (.) d(-1), and we created growth curves for both species that were previously lacking. Our results are among the first to report temperature tolerances and growth rates of native Snake River snails, and we discuss implications for the biology and management of both species. C1 Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Lysne, S (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1387 S Vinnell Way, Boise, ID 83709 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2006 VL 66 IS 2 BP 230 EP 238 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[230:GRATTO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048JM UT WOS:000237943400009 ER PT J AU Boal, CW Giovanni, MD Beall, BN AF Boal, CW Giovanni, MD Beall, BN TI Successful nesting by a bald eagle pair in prairie grasslands of the Texas Panhandle SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Bald Eagle; grassland; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; prairie; prairie dog; Texas ID FOOD-HABITS; WASHINGTON; PREY AB We observed a breeding Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) pair nesting in a short-grass prairie and agricultural community on the southern Great Plains of the Texas Panhandle in 2004 and 2005. The nesting eagles produced I fledgling in 2004 and 2 fledglings in 2005. Our assessment of landcover types within a 5-km radius of the nest indicated that grasslands accounted for most of the area (90%), followed by agricultural lands (8%). Black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies occupied 2.5% of the area, and single human residences with associated structures (i.e., barns) occupied < 1%. The nearest source of permanent surface water > 2.5 ha in surface area was 51 kin from the nest. An analysis of regurgitated castings collected near the nest revealed a mammalian-dominated, breeding-season diet with black-tailed prairie dogs occurring in 80.9% of the castings. Other identified prey included cottontails (Sylvilagus spp., 15.9%), black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus, 3.2%), pronghorn (Antilocapra americana, 3.2%), and plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius, 1.6%). Bird remains were also present in 34.9% of the castings. This is the first reported successful nesting of Bald Eagles in the panhandle region of Texas since 1916; the nest is particularly unique because of its distance from any substantial body of water. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, US Geol Survey, Texsa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, US Geol Survey, Texsa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2006 VL 66 IS 2 BP 246 EP 250 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[246:SNBABE]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048JM UT WOS:000237943400011 ER PT J AU Brouder, MJ Rogers, DD Avenetti, LD AF Brouder, MJ Rogers, DD Avenetti, LD TI Observations on the reproductive biology of roundtail chub, Gila robusta, in the upper Verde River, Arizona SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE roundtail chub; spawning; Verde River ID HUMPBACK CHUB; FISHES C1 Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. RP Brouder, MJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Fishery Resources Off, Box 39, Pinetop, AZ 85935 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2006 VL 66 IS 2 BP 260 EP 262 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[260:OOTRBO]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048JM UT WOS:000237943400015 ER PT J AU Sacks, BN Ernest, HB Boydston, EE AF Sacks, BN Ernest, HB Boydston, EE TI San Francisco's golden gate: A bridge between historically distinct coyote (Canis latrans) populations? SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; coyote; dispersal; microsatellites; movements ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CALIFORNIA; BOBCATS C1 Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife & Ecol Unit, Vet Genet Lab, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89014 USA. RP Sacks, BN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife & Ecol Unit, Vet Genet Lab, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2006 VL 66 IS 2 BP 263 EP 264 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[263:SFGGAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048JM UT WOS:000237943400016 ER PT J AU Stephenson, WJ Frankel, AD Odum, JK Williams, RA Pratt, TL AF Stephenson, WJ Frankel, AD Odum, JK Williams, RA Pratt, TL TI Toward resolving an earthquake ground motion mystery in west Seattle, Washington State: Shallow seismic focusing may cause anomalous chimney damage SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SANTA-MONICA; NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; WAVES; AMPLIFICATION; AREA AB A shallow bedrock fold imaged by a 1.3-km long high-resolution shear-wave seismic reflection profile in west Seattle focuses seismic waves arriving from the south. This focusing may cause a pocket of amplified ground shaking and the anomalous chimney damage observed in earthquakes of 1949, 1965 and 2001. The 200-m bedrock fold at similar to 300-m depth is caused by deformation across an inferred fault within the Seattle fault zone. Ground motion simulations, using the imaged geologic structure and northward-propagating north-dipping plane wave sources, predict a peak horizontal acceleration pattern that matches that observed in strong motion records of the 2001 Nisqually event. Additionally, a pocket of chimney damage reported for both the 1965 and the 2001 earthquakes generally coincides with a zone of simulated amplification caused by focusing. This study further demonstrates the significant impact shallow (<1km) crustal structures can have on earthquake ground-motion variability. C1 US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Stephenson, WJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 966,POB 25046, Golden, CO 80225 USA. EM wstephens@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 30 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 6 AR L06316 DI 10.1029/2005GL025037 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 031UK UT WOS:000236729500001 ER PT J AU Duan, Q Schaake, J Andreassian, V Franks, S Goteti, G Gupta, HV Gusev, YM Habets, F Hall, A Hay, L Hogue, T Huang, M Leavesley, G Liang, X Nasonova, ON Noilhan, J Oudin, L Sorooshian, S Wagener, T Wood, EF AF Duan, Q Schaake, J Andreassian, V Franks, S Goteti, G Gupta, HV Gusev, YM Habets, F Hall, A Hay, L Hogue, T Huang, M Leavesley, G Liang, X Nasonova, ON Noilhan, J Oudin, L Sorooshian, S Wagener, T Wood, EF TI Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX): An overview of science strategy and major results from the second and third workshops SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd MOPEX Workshop CY JUL, 2003 CL Sapporo, JAPAN SP MOPEX DE MOPEX; a priori parameter estimation; model calibration; rainfall-runoff modeling; regionalization; uncertainty analysis ID GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; MULTICRITERIA METHODS; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; RIVER-BASIN; LAND; UNCERTAINTY; SCHEMES; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION AB The Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) is an international project aimed at developing enhanced techniques for the a priori estimation of parameters in hydrologic models and in land surface parameterization schemes of atmospheric models. The MOPEX science strategy involves three major steps: data preparation, a priori parameter estimation methodology development, and demonstration of parameter transferability. A comprehensive MOPEX database has been developed that contains historical hydrometeorological data and land surface characteristics data for many hydrologic basins in the United States (US) and in other countries. This database is being continuously expanded to include more basins in all parts of the world. A number of international MOPEX workshops have been convened to bring together interested hydrologists and land surface modelers from all over world to exchange knowledge and experience in developing a priori parameter estimation techniques. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Cemagref, Grp Hydrol, Antony, France. Univ Newcastle, Dept Civil Surveying & Environm Engn, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Water Problems, Moscow, Russia. Meteo France, Toulouse, France. GEWEX, Water Resources Appl Project, Cooma, Australia. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Duan, Q (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM qduan@llnl.gov RI Andreassian, Vazken/B-6226-2008; Wagener, Thorsten/C-2062-2008; Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010; sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Franks, Stewart/C-6502-2013; Nasonova, Olga/B-6093-2014; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011; gusev, yugeniy/G-4711-2014; Huang, Maoyi/I-8599-2012; OI Wagener, Thorsten/0000-0003-3881-5849; Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839; sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512; gusev, yugeniy/0000-0003-3886-2143; Huang, Maoyi/0000-0001-9154-9485; Habets, Florence/0000-0003-1950-0921 NR 46 TC 221 Z9 230 U1 4 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 30 PY 2006 VL 320 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.031 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 027WY UT WOS:000236448000002 ER PT J AU Riedel, M Long, PE Collett, TS AF Riedel, M Long, PE Collett, TS TI Estimates of in situ gas hydrate concentration from resistivity monitoring of gas hydrate bearing sediments during temperature equilibration SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gas hydrate concentration; electrical resistivity; marine sediments ID METHANE; CONSTRAINTS; RIDGE AB As part of Ocean Drilling Program Leg 204 at southern Hydrate Ridge off Oregon we have monitored changes in sediment electrical resistivity during controlled gas hydrate dissociation experiments. Two cores were used, each filled with gas hydrate bearing sediments (predominantly mud/silty mud). One core was from Site 1249 (1249F-9H3), 42.1 m below seafloor (mbsf) and the other from Site 1248 (1248C-4Xl), 28.8 mbsf. At Site 1247, a third experiment was conducted oil a core without gas hydrate (1247B-2Hl, 3.6 mbsf). First, the cores were imaged using an infra-red (IR) camera upon recovery to map the gas hydrate occurrence through dissociation cooling. Over a period of several hours, successive runs on the multi-sensor track (includes sensors for P-wave velocity, resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and gamma-ray density) were carried out complemented by X-ray imaging on core 1249F-9H3. After complete equilibration to room temperature (17-18 degrees C) and complete gas hydrate dissociation, the final measurement of electrical resistivity was used to calculate pore-water resistivity and salinities. The calculated pore-water freshening after dissociation is equivalent to a gas hydrate concentration in situ of 35-70% along core 1249F-9H3 and 20-35% for core 1248C-4Xl assuming seawater salinity of in situ pore fluid. Detailed analysis of the IR scan, X-ray images and split-core photographs showed the hydrate mainly occurred disseminated throughout the core. Additionally, in core 1249F-9H3, a single hydrate filled vein, approximately 10 cm long and dipping at about 65 degrees, was identified. Analyses of the logging-while-drilling (LWD) resistivity data revealed a structural dip of 40-80 degrees in the interval between 40 and 44 mbsf. We further analyzed all resistivity data measured oil the recovered core during Leg 204. Generally poor data quality due to gas cracks allowed analyses to be carried out only at selected intervals at Sites 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, and 1252. With a few exceptions, data from these intervals yield low to no gas hydrate concentration which corresponds to estimates from downhole resistivity logs. However, since the gas cracking may be the result of gas hydrate dissociation, this is a biased sampling. Cores that had contained some gas hydrate may have been excluded. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada Pacific Sidney Subdiv, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. US Geol Survey Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Riedel, M (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada Pacific Sidney Subdiv, Pacific Geosci Ctr, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC, Canada. EM mriedel@NRCan.gc.ca RI Long, Philip/F-5728-2013 OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAR 30 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 3-4 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.10.007 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 026MD UT WOS:000236342100004 ER PT J AU Jones, EJP Nadeau, TL Voytek, MA Landa, ER AF Jones, Elizabeth J. P. Nadeau, Tracie-Lynn Voytek, Mary A. Landa, Edward R. TI Role of microbial iron reduction in the dissolution of iron hydroxysulfate minerals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INSOLUBLE FE(III) OXIDE; FERRIC IRON; SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; PRECIPITATION; MECHANISMS; OXIDATION; JAROSITE; SULFATE; SCHWERTMANNITE AB Iron-hydroxysulfate minerals can be important hosts for metals such as lead, mercury, copper, zinc, silver, chromium, arsenic, and selenium and for radionuclides such as Ra-226. These mineral-bound contaminants are considered immobilized under oxic conditions. However, when anoxic conditions develop, the activities of sulfate- or iron-reducing bacteria could result in mineral dissolution, releasing these bound contaminants. Reduction of structural sulfate in the iron-hydroxysulfate mineral jarosite by sulfate-reducing bacteria has previously been demonstrated. The primary objective of this work was to evaluate the potential for anaerobic dissolution of the iron-hydroxysulfate minerals jarosite and schwertmannite at neutral pH by iron-reducing bacteria. Mineral dissolution was tested using a long-term cultivar, Geobacter metallireducens strain GS-15, and a fresh isolate Geobacter sp. strain ENN1, previously undescribed. ENN1 was isolated from the discharge site of Shadle Mine, in the southern anthracite coalfield of Pennsylvania, where schwertmannite was the predominant iron-hydroxysulfate mineral. When jarosite from Elizabeth Mine (Vermont) was provided as the sole terminal electron acceptor, resting cells of both G. metallireducens and ENN1 were able to reduce structural Fe(III), releasing Fe+2, SO4-2, and K+ ions. A lithified jarosite sample from Utah was more resistant to microbial attack, but slow release of Fe+2 was observed. Neither bacterium released Fe+2 from poorly crystalline synthetic schwertmannite. Our results indicate that exposure of jarosite to iron-reducing conditions at neutral pH is likely to promote the mobility of hazardous constituents and should therefore be considered in evaluating waste disposal and/or reclamation options involving jarosite-bearing materials. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US EPA, Off Wetlands Oceans & Watersheds 4501T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Jones, EJP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ejjones@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR 28 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G1 AR G01012 DI 10.1029/2005JG000089 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090XB UT WOS:000240986100001 ER PT J AU Hazel, JE Topping, DJ Schmidt, JC Kaplinski, M AF Hazel, JE Topping, DJ Schmidt, JC Kaplinski, M TI Influence of a dam on fine-sediment storage in a canyon river SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID 1996 CONTROLLED FLOOD; GRAIN-SIZE EVOLUTION; GRAND-CANYON; COLORADO-RIVER; SUPPLY LIMITATION; ARIZONA; TRANSPORT AB Glen Canyon Dam has caused a fundamental change in the distribution of fine sediment storage in the 99-km reach of the Colorado River in Marble Canyon, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. The two major storage sites for fine sediment (i.e., sand and finer material) in this canyon river are lateral recirculation eddies and the main-channel bed. We use a combination of methods, including direct measurement of sediment storage change, measurements of sediment flux, and comparison of the grain size of sediment found in different storage sites relative to the supply and that in transport, in order to evaluate the change in both the volume and location of sediment storage. The analysis shows that the bed of the main channel was an important storage environment for fine sediment in the predam era. In years of large seasonal accumulation, approximately 50% of the fine sediment supplied to the reach from upstream sources was stored on the main-channel bed. In contrast, sediment budgets constructed for two short-duration, high experimental releases from Glen Canyon Dam indicate that approximately 90% of the sediment discharge from the reach during each release was derived from eddy storage, rather than from sandy deposits on the main-channel bed. These results indicate that the majority of the fine sediment in Marble Canyon is now stored in eddies, even though they occupy a small percentage (similar to 17%) of the total river area. Because of a 95% reduction in the supply of fine sediment to Marble Canyon, future high releases without significant input of tributary sediment will potentially erode sediment from long-term eddy storage, resulting in continued degradation in Marble Canyon. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hazel, JE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, POB 4099, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM joe.hazel@nau.edu; dtopping@usgs.gov; jschmidt@cc.usu.edu; matt.kaplinski@nau.edu NR 55 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR 28 PY 2006 VL 111 IS F1 AR F01025 DI 10.1029/2004JF000193 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 031VA UT WOS:000236731200002 ER PT J AU Arai, Y Joye, J Bargar, JR Davis, JA AF Arai, Yuji Joye, Jennifer Bargar, John R. Davis, James A. TI Effects of pCO2 on uranyl-silicate ternary surface species at the hematite-water interface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM yarai@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 28-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904455 ER PT J AU Curtis, GP Fox, P Kohler, M Davis, JA AF Curtis, Gary P. Fox, Patricia Kohler, Matthias Davis, J. A. TI The effect of variable geochemical conditions on the reactive transport of U(VI) in small-scale tracer tests SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM gpcurtis@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 78-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904505 ER PT J AU Davis, JA Curtis, GP Kent, DB AF Davis, J. A. Curtis, Gary P. Kent, Douglas B. TI Upscaling issues in representation of sorption processes in reactive transport modeling SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jadavis@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 15-GEOC PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904442 ER PT J AU Kent, DB Vouilloux, AL Curtis, GP Davis, JA AF Kent, Douglas B. Vouilloux, Anne Laure Curtis, Gary P. Davis, James A. TI Modeling the influence of adsorptive competition on the transport of strongly adsorbing oxyanions under variable chemical conditions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dbkent@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 47-GEOC PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904474 ER PT J AU Meyer, MT Kalkoff, SJ Scribner, EA AF Meyer, Michael T. Kalkoff, Stephen J. Scribner, Elizabeth A. TI Comparison between the transport of isoxaflutole and its degradates to triazine and acetanilide herbicides in ten Iowa Rivers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 100-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125900101 ER PT J AU Stetson, SJ Ridley, WI Wolf, RE Wanty, RB Macalady, DL AF Stetson, Sarah J. Ridley, W. Ian Wolf, Ruth E. Wanty, Richard B. Macalady, Donald L. TI Determination of the isotopic composition of mercury in geologic materials by multi-collector ICP-MS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 231st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sstetson@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2006 VL 231 MA 88-GEOC PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 050YE UT WOS:000238125904515 ER PT J AU Andrews, DJ Harris, RA AF Andrews, DJ Harris, RA TI Reply to comment by Y. Ben-Zion on "The wrinkle-like slip pulse is not important in earthquake dynamics" SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID VELOCITY; RUPTURE C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Andrews, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jandrews@usgs.gov; harris@usgs.gov RI Harris, Ruth/C-4184-2013 OI Harris, Ruth/0000-0002-9247-0768 NR 4 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 6 AR L06311 DI 10.1029/2006GL025743 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 026NG UT WOS:000236345100009 ER PT J AU Overpeck, JT Otto-Bliesner, BL Miller, GH Muhs, DR Alley, RB Kiehl, JT AF Overpeck, JT Otto-Bliesner, BL Miller, GH Muhs, DR Alley, RB Kiehl, JT TI Paleoclimatic evidence for future ice-sheet instability and rapid sea-level rise SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LAST INTERGLACIAL PERIOD; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; GLACIAL CYCLES; CLIMATE; 21ST-CENTURY; DURATION; CORALS; RECORD; GROWTH; AGES AB Sea-level rise from melting of polar ice sheets is one of the largest potential threats of future climate change. Polar warming by the year 2100 may reach levels similar to those of 130,000 to 127,000 years ago that were associated with sea levels several meters above modern levels; both the Greenland Ice Sheet and portions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet may be vulnerable. The record of past ice-sheet melting indicates that the rate of future melting and related sea-level rise could be faster than widely thought. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Inst Study Planet Earth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Penn State Ice & Climate Explorat Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Overpeck, JT (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Inst Study Planet Earth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ito@u.arizona.edu NR 38 TC 251 Z9 259 U1 10 U2 73 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 24 PY 2006 VL 311 IS 5768 BP 1747 EP 1750 DI 10.1126/science.1115159 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 024OA UT WOS:000236204300036 PM 16556837 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF Banerjee, P Burgmann, R Hashimoto, M Choosakul, N AF Pollitz, FF Banerjee, P Burgmann, R Hashimoto, M Choosakul, N TI Stress changes along the Sunda trench following the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman and 28 March 2005 Nias earthquakes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS GPS; RUPTURE; EARTH; MODEL; RISK AB [1] The 26 December 2004 M-w = 9.2 and 28 March 2005 M-w = 8.7 earthquakes on the Sumatra megathrust altered the state of stress over a large region surrounding the earthquakes. We evaluate the stress changes associated with coseismic and postseismic deformation following these two large events, focusing on postseismic deformation that is driven by viscoelastic relaxation of a low- viscosity asthenosphere. Under Coulomb failure stress ( CFS) theory, the December 2004 event increased CFS on the future hypocentral zone of the March 2005 event by about 0.25 bar, with little or no contribution from viscous relaxation. Coseismic stresses around the rupture zones of the 1797 and 1833 Sunda trench events are negligible, but postseismic stress perturbations since December 2004 are predicted to result in CFS increases of 0.1 to 0.2 bar around these rupture zones between 2 and 8 years after the December 2004 event. These are considerable stress perturbations given that the 1797 and 1833 rupture zones are likely approaching the end of a complete seismic cycle. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Wadia Inst Himalayan Geol, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kyoto Univ, DPRI, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Geol, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 23 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 6 AR L06309 DI 10.1029/2005GL024558 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 026NE UT WOS:000236344900002 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JB McGarr, A AF Fletcher, JB McGarr, A TI Distribution of stress drop, stiffness, and fracture energy over earthquake rupture zones SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW EARTHQUAKES; KOBE EARTHQUAKE; APPARENT STRESS; GROUND MOTION; 1992 LANDERS; NEAR-FIELD; FAULT; DEPTH; PARAMETERS; MODELS AB [1] Using information provided by slip models and the methodology of McGarr and Fletcher ( 2002), we map static stress drop, stiffness (k = Delta sigma/u, where Delta sigma is static stress drop and u is slip), and fracture energy over the slip surface to investigate the earthquake rupture process and energy budget. For the 1994 M6.7 Northridge, 1992 M7.3 Landers, and 1995 M6.9 Kobe earthquakes, the distributions of static stress drop show strong heterogeneity, emphasizing the importance of asperities in the rupture process. Average values of static stress drop are 17, 11, and 4 MPa for Northridge, Landers, and Kobe, respectively. These values are substantially higher than estimates based on simple crack models, suggesting that the failure process involves the rupture of asperities within the larger fault zone. Stress drop as a function of depth for the Northridge and Landers earthquakes suggests that stress drops are limited by crustal strength. For these two earthquakes, regions of high slip are surrounded by high values of stiffness. Particularly for the Northridge earthquake, the prominent patch of high slip in the central part of the fault is bordered by a ring of high stiffness and is consistent with expectations based on the failure of an asperity loaded at its edge due to exterior slip. Stiffness within an asperity is inversely related to its dimensions. Estimates of fracture energy, based on static stress drop, slip, and rupture speed, were used to investigate the nature of slip weakening at four locations near the hypocenter of the Kobe earthquake for comparison with independent results based on a dynamic model of this earthquake. One subfault updip and to the NE of the hypocenter has a fracture energy of 1.1 MJ/m(2) and a slip-weakening distance, D-c, of 0.66 m. Right triangles, whose base and height are Dc and the dynamic stress drop, respectively, approximately overlie the slip-dependent stress given by Ide and Takeo ( 1997) for the same locations near the hypocenter. The total fracture energy for the Kobe earthquake, 3.7 x 10(14) J, is about the same as the seismic energy (E-a = 3.2 x 10(14) J). C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fletcher, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jfletcher@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 23 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B3 AR B03312 DI 10.1029/2004JB003396 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 026OO UT WOS:000236348800001 ER PT J AU Hodgkins, GA Dudley, RW AF Hodgkins, GA Dudley, RW TI Changes in the timing of winter-spring streamflows in eastern North America, 1913-2002 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; TRENDS AB Changes in the timing and magnitude of winter-spring streamflows were analyzed for gaging stations in eastern North America north of 41 degrees north latitude during various periods through 2002. Approximately 32 percent of stations north of 44 degrees have significantly earlier flows over the 50, 60, 70, and 90 year periods; 64 percent have significantly earlier flows over the 80 year period; there are no stations significantly later flows for any time period examined. Flows for the average of all stations north of 44 degrees became earlier by 6.1, 4.4, 4.8, 8.6, and 6.5 days for the 50 through 90 year periods, respectively. Changes over time in monthly mean runoff support the flow timing results - January, February, and particularly March runoff show much higher percentages of stations with increases than with decreases over all time periods and May runoff shows relatively high percentages of stations with decreases. C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Hodgkins, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM gahodgki@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 21 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 6 AR L06402 DI 10.1029/2005GL025593 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 026NC UT WOS:000236344700009 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Yeats, RS Yagi, Y Hussain, A AF Parsons, T Yeats, RS Yagi, Y Hussain, A TI Static stress change from the 8 October, 2005 M=7.6 Kashmir earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE TECTONICS; RUPTURE PROCESS; INVERSION; DEFORMATION; HIMALAYA; FAILURE; FAULT; MODEL; WAVE AB We calculated static stress changes from the devastating M = 7.6 earthquake that shook Kashmir on 8 October, 2005. We mapped Coulomb stress change on target fault planes oriented by assuming a regional compressional stress regime with greatest principal stress directed orthogonally to the mainshock strike. We tested calculation sensitivity by varying assumed stress orientations, target-fault friction, and depth. Our results showed no impact on the active Salt Range thrust southwest of the rupture. Active faults north of the Main Boundary thrust near Peshawar fall in a calculated stress-decreased zone, as does the Raikot fault zone to the northeast. We calculated increased stress near the rupture where most aftershocks occurred. The greatest increase to seismic hazard is in the Indus-Kohistan seismic zone near the Indus River northwest of the rupture termination, and southeast of the rupture termination near the Kashmir basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050802, Japan. Geol Survey Pakistan, Peshawar, Pakistan. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; Yagi, Yuji/D-8301-2014; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 26 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 21 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 6 AR L06304 DI 10.1029/2005GL025429 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 026NC UT WOS:000236344700005 ER PT J AU Parsons, T AF Parsons, T TI Tectonic stressing in California modeled from GPS observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; FRANCISCO BAY AREA; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; 3-DIMENSIONAL V-P; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; PLATE BOUNDARY; SIERRA-NEVADA; GREAT VALLEY; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN AB What happens in the crust as a result of geodetically observed secular motions? In this paper we find out by distorting a finite element model of California using GPS-derived displacements. A complex model was constructed using spatially varying crustal thickness, geothermal gradient, topography, and creeping faults. GPS velocity observations were interpolated and extrapolated across the model and boundary condition areas, and the model was loaded according to 5-year displacements. Results map highest differential stressing rates in a 200-km-wide band along the Pacific-North American plate boundary, coinciding with regions of greatest seismic energy release. Away from the plate boundary, GPS-derived crustal strain reduces modeled differential stress in some places, suggesting that some crustal motions are related to topographic collapse. Calculated stressing rates can be resolved onto fault planes: useful for addressing fault interactions and necessary for calculating earthquake advances or delays. As an example, I examine seismic quiescence on the Garlock fault despite a calculated minimum 0.1-0.4 MPa static stress increase from the 1857 M similar to 7.8 Fort Tejon earthquake. Results from finite element modeling show very low to negative secular Coulomb stress growth on the Garlock fault, suggesting that the stress state may have been too low for large earthquake triggering. Thus the Garlock fault may only be stressed by San Andreas fault slip, a loading pattern that could explain its erratic rupture history. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 21 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B3 AR B03407 DI 10.1029/2005JB003946 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 026OM UT WOS:000236348600002 ER PT J AU Nemchin, AA Neymark, LA Simons, SL AF Nemchin, AA Neymark, LA Simons, SL TI U-PbSHRIMP dating of uraniferous opals SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE opal; SHRIMP; U-Pb age; U-series dating ID YUCCA MOUNTAIN; ION-MICROPROBE; LOW-TEMPERATURES; HALF-LIVES; PB AGES; NEVADA; SILICA; CALDERA; USA AB U-Pb and U-series analyses of four U-rich opal samples using sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) demonstrate the potential of this technique for the dating of opals with ages ranging from several tens of thousand years to millions of years. The major advantages of the technique, compared to the conventional thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS), are the high spatial resolution (similar to 20 mu m), the ability to analyse in situ all isotopes required to determine both U-Pb and U-series ages, and a relatively short analysis time which allows obtaining a growth rate of opal as a result of a single SHRIMP session. There are two major limitations to this method, determined by both current level of development of ion probes and understanding of ion sputtering processes. First, sufficient secondary ion beam intensities can only be obtained for opal samples with U concentrations in excess of similar to 20 mu g/g. However, this restriction still permits dating of a large variety of opals. Second, U-Pb ratios in all analyses drifted with time and were only weakly correlated with changes in other ratios (such as U/UO). This drift, which is difficult to correct for, remains the main factor currently limiting the precision and accuracy of the U-Pb SHRIMP opal ages. Nevertheless, an assumption of similar behaviour of standard and unknown opals under similar analytical conditions allowed successful determination of ages with precisions of similar to 10% for the samples investigated in this study. SHRIMP-based U-series and U-Pb ages are consistent with TIMS dating results of the same materials and known geological timeframes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Curtin Univ Technol, Western Australian Sch Mines, Kalgoorlie, WA 6430, Australia. RP Nemchin, AA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 963, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM nemchina@kalg.curtin.edu.au NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAR 20 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.09.005 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 027HV UT WOS:000236406900008 ER PT J AU Lundgren, P Lu, Z AF Lundgren, P Lu, Z TI Inflation model of Uzon caldera, Kamchatka, constrained by satellite radar interferometry observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CAMPI FLEGREI CALDERA; VOLCANO; UNREST AB We analyzed RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to compute interferometric SAR (InSAR) images of surface deformation at Uzon caldera, Kamchatka, Russia. From 2000 to 2003 approximately 0.15 m of inflation occurred at Uzon caldera, extending beneath adjacent Kikhpinych volcano. This contrasts with InSAR data showing no significant deformation during either the 1999 to 2000, or 2003 to 2004, time periods. We performed three sets of numerical source inversions to fit InSAR data from three different swaths spanning 2000 to 2003. The preferred source model is an irregularly shaped, pressurized crack, dipping similar to 20 degrees to the NW, 4 km below the surface. The geometry of this solution is similar to the upper boundary of the geologically inferred magma chamber. Extension of the surface deformation and source to adjacent Kikhpinych volcano, without an eruption, suggests that the deformation is more likely of hydrothermal origin, possibly driven by recharge of the magma chamber. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. US Geol Ctr EROS, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Lundgren, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM paul@weed.jpl.nasa.gov NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 6 AR L06301 DI 10.1029/2005GL025181 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 026HU UT WOS:000236330800006 ER PT J AU Long, ER Ingersoll, CG Macdonald, DD AF Long, ER Ingersoll, CG Macdonald, DD TI Calculation and uses of mean sediment quality guideline quotients: A critical review SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ACUTE TOXICITY; TAMPA BAY; CONTAMINATION; MIXTURES; USA; FLORIDA AB Fine-grained sediments contaminated with complex mixtures of organic and inorganic chemical contaminants can be toxic in laboratory tests and/or cause adverse impacts to resident benthic communities. Effects-based, sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) have been developed over the past 20 years to aid in the interpretation of the relationships between chemical contamination and measures of adverse biological effects. Mean sediment quality guideline quotients (mSQGQ) can be calculated by dividing the concentrations of chemicals in sediments by their respective SQGs and calculating the mean of the quotients for the individual chemicals. The resulting index provides a method of accounting for both the presence and the concentrations of multiple chemicals in sediments relative to their effects-based guidelines. Analyses of considerable amounts of data demonstrated that both the incidence and magnitude of toxicity in laboratory tests and the incidence of impairment to benthic communities increases incrementally with increasing mSQGQs. Such concentration/response relationships provide a basis for estimating toxicological risks to sediment-dwelling organisms associated with exposure to contaminated sediments with a known degree of accuracy. This sediment quality assessment tool has been used in numerous surveys and studies since 1994. Nevertheless, mean SQGQs have some important limitations and underlying assumptions that should be understood by sediment quality assessors. This paper provides an overview of the derivation methods and some of the principal advantages, assumptions, and limitations in the use of this sediment assessment tool. Ideally, mean SQGQs should be included with other measures including results of toxicity tests and benthic community surveys to provide a weight of evidence when assessing the relative quality of contaminated sediments. C1 ERL Environm, Salem, OR 97306 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada. RP Long, ER (reprint author), ERL Environm, 3691 Cole Rd S, Salem, OR 97306 USA. EM elongwa@earthlink.net NR 60 TC 184 Z9 199 U1 8 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1726 EP 1736 DI 10.1021/es058012d PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024RN UT WOS:000236213900004 PM 16570590 ER PT J AU Plummer, LN Bohlke, JK Doughten, MW AF Plummer, LN Bohlke, JK Doughten, MW TI Perchlorate in Pleistocene and Holocene groundwater in North-Central New Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIO-GRANDE BASIN; HYDROCHEMICAL TRACERS; NITRATE; WATER; FLOW; USA AB Groundwater from remote parts of the Middle Rio Grande Basin in north-central New Mexico has perchlorate (CO4-) concentrations of 0.12-1.8 mu g/L. Because the water samples are mostly preanthropogenic in age (028 000 years) and there are no industrial sources in the study area, a natural source of the ClO4- is likely. Most of the samples have Br-, Cl-, and SO42- concentrations that are similar to those of modern bulk atmospheric deposition with evapotranspiration (ET) factors of about 7-40. Most of the ET values for Pleistocene recharge were nearly twice that for Holocene recharge. The NO3-/Cl- and ClO4-/Cl- ratios are more variable than those of Br-/Cl- or SO4 (2-)/ Cl-. Samples thought to have recharged under the most arid conditions in the Holocene have relatively high NO3 Cl- ratios and low delta N-15 values (+1 per mil (parts per thousand)) similar to those of modern bulk atmospheric N deposition. The delta O-18 values of the NO3 (-4 to 0 parts per thousand) indicate that atmospheric NO3 was not transmitted directly to the groundwater but may have been cycled in the soils before infiltrating. Samples with nearly atmospheric NO3-/Cl- ratios have relatively high ClO4- concentrations (1.0-1.8 mu g/L) with a nearly constant ClO4-/Cl- mole ratio of (1.4 +/- 0.1) x 10(-4), which would be consistent with an average ClO4- concentration of 0.093 +/- 0.005 mu g/L in bulk atmospheric deposition during the late Holocene in north-central NM. Samples thought to have recharged under wetter conditions have higher (delta N-15 values (+3 to +8 parts per thousand), lower NO3-/Cl- ratios, and lower ClO4-/Cl- ratios than the ones most likely to preserve an atmospheric signal. Processes in the soils that may have depleted atmospherically derived NO3 also may have depleted ClO4- to varying degrees prior to recharge. If these interpretations are correct, then ClO4- concentrations of atmospheric origin as high as 4 mu g/L are possible in preanthropogenic groundwater in parts of the Southwest where ET approaches a factor of 40. Higher ClO4- concentrations in uncontaminated groundwater could occur in recharge beneath arid areas where ET is greater than 40, where long-term accumulations of atmospheric salts are leached suddenly from dry soils, or where other (nonatmospheric) natural sources Of ClO4- exist. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20193 USA. RP Plummer, LN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20193 USA. EM nplummer@usgs.gov OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 20 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1757 EP 1763 DI 10.1021/es051739h PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024RN UT WOS:000236213900008 PM 16570594 ER PT J AU Fox, PM Davis, JA Zachara, JM AF Fox, PM Davis, JA Zachara, JM TI The effect of calcium on aqueous uranium(VI) speciation and adsorption to ferrihydrite and quartz SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; SUBSURFACE MEDIA; U(VI); CARBONATE; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; SILICA; WATERS; OXIDES AB Recent studies of uranium(VI) geochemistry have focused oil the potentially important role of the aqueous species, CaUO2(CO3)(3)(2-) and Ca2UO2(CO3)(3)(0)(aq), oil inhibition of microbial reduction and uranium(VI) aqueous speciation in contaminated groundwater. However, to our knowledge, there have been no direct studies of the effects of these species on U(VI) adsorption by mineral phases. The sorption of U(VI) oil quartz and ferrihydrite was investigated in NaNO3 solutions equilibrated with either ambient air (430 ppm CO2) or 2% CO2 in the presence of 0, 1.8, or 8.9 mM Ca2+. Under conditions where the Ca2UO2(CO3)(3)(0)(aq) species predominates U(VI) aqueous speciation, the presence of Ca in solution lowered U(VI) adsorption on quartz from 77% in the absence of Ca to 42% and 10% at Ca concentrations of 1.8 and 8.9 mM, respectively. U(VI) adsorption to ferrihydrite decreased from 83% in the absence of Ca to 57% in the presence of' 1.8 mM Ca. Surface complexation model predictions that included the formation constant for aqueous Ca2UO2(CO3)(3)(0)(aq) accurately simulated the effect of Ca2+ on U(VI) sorption onto quartz and ferrihydrite within the thermodynamic uncertainty of the stability constant value. This study confirms that Ca2+ call have a significant impact on the aqueous speciation of U(VI), and consequently, oil the sorption and mobility of U(VI) in aquifers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99338 USA. RP Fox, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pfox@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 9 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1379 EP 1387 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.027 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 025GH UT WOS:000236252800003 ER PT J AU Dressler, KA Leavesley, GH Bales, RC Fassnacht, SR AF Dressler, KA Leavesley, GH Bales, RC Fassnacht, SR TI Evaluation of gridded snow water equivalent and satellite snow cover products for mountain basins in a hydrologic model SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 62nd Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 07-10, 2005 CL Waterloo, CANADA DE assimilation; snow water equivalent; snow-covered area; hydrologic modelling; PRMS ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; BALANCE MODEL; AVHRR DATA; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; CLOUDS; ENERGY; SCALE AB The USGS precipitation-runoff modelling system (PRMS) hydrologic model was used to evaluate experimental, gridded, 1 km(2) snow-covered area (SCA) and snow water equivalent (SWE) products for two headwater basins within the Rio Grande (i.e. upper Rio Grande River basin) and Salt River (i.e. Black River basin) drainages in the southwestern USA. The SCA product was the fraction of each 1 km(2) pixel covered by snow and was derived from NOAA advanced very high-resolution radiometer imagery. The SWE product was developed by multiplying the SCA product by SWE estimates interpolated from National Resources Conservation Service snow telemetry point measurements for a 6 year period (1995-2000). Measured SCA and SWE estimates were consistently lower than values estimated from temperature and precipitation within PRMS. The greatest differences occurred in the relatively complex terrain of the Rio Grande basin, as opposed to the relatively homogeneous terrain of the Black River basin, where differences were small. Differences between modelled and measured snow were different for the accumulation period versus the ablation period and had an elevational trend. Assimilating the measured snowfields into a version of PRMS calibrated to achieve water balance without assimilation led to reduced performance in estimating streamflow for the Rio Grande and increased performance in estimating streamflow for the Black River basin. Correcting the measured SCA and SWE for canopy effects improved simulations by adding snow mostly in the mid-to-high elevations, where satellite estimates of SCA are lower than model estimates. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Penn State Univ, Penn State Inst Environm, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, WRD, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Calif, Sch Engn, Merced, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Watershed Sci Program, Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Dressler, KA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn State Inst Environm, 129 Land & Water Res Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kxd13@psu.edu RI Fassnacht, Steven/A-7742-2014 OI Fassnacht, Steven/0000-0002-5270-8049 NR 48 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 673 EP 688 DI 10.1002/hyp.6130 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 026IK UT WOS:000236332400005 ER PT J AU Hodgkins, GA Dudley, RW AF Hodgkins, GA Dudley, RW TI Changes in late-winter snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in Maine, 1926-2004 SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 62nd Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 07-10, 2005 CL Waterloo, CANADA DE snowpack trends; Maine ID LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; UNITED-STATES; COVER; VARIABILITY; SHIFTS; TRENDS AB Twenty-three snow-course sites in and near Maine, USA, with record, spanning at least 50 years through to 2004 were tested for changes over time in snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in March and April. Of the 23 sites, 18 had a significant decrease (Mann-Kendall test, p < 0.1) in snowpack depth or a significant increase in snowpack density over time. Data from four sites in the Mountains of western Maine-northern New Hampshire with mostly complete records from 1926 to 2004 indicate that average snowpack depths have decreased by about 16% and densities have increased by about 11%. Average snowpack depths and water equivalents in western Maine-northern New Hampshire peaked in the 1950s and 1960s, and densities peaked in the most recent decade. Previous studies in western North America also found a water-equivalent peak in the third quarter of the 20th century. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USGS, Maine Water Sci Ctr, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Hodgkins, GA (reprint author), USGS, Maine Water Sci Ctr, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM gahodgki@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 741 EP 751 DI 10.1002/hyp.6111 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 026IK UT WOS:000236332400009 ER PT J AU Huntington, TG AF Huntington, TG TI Evidence for intensification of the global water cycle: Review and synthesis SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Review DE global water cycle; climate change; global changed; hydrologic time series; precipitation; evaporation; hydrologic cycle ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEW-ENGLAND; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; SOIL-MOISTURE; TEMPERATURE-VARIATIONS; HEAVY PRECIPITATION; PAN EVAPORATION; VAPOR FEEDBACK AB One of the more important questions in hydrology is: if the climate warms in the future, will there be an intensification of the water cycle and, if so, the nature of that intensification? There is considerable interest in this question because an intensification of the water cycle may lead to changes in water-resource availability, an increase in the frequency and intensity of tropical storms, floods, and droughts, and an amplification of warming through the water vapor feedback. Empirical evidence for ongoing intensification of the water cycle would provide additional Support for the theoretical framework that links intensification with warming. This paper briefly reviews the current state of science regarding historical trends in hydrologic variables, including precipitation, runoff, tropospheric water vapor, soil moisture, glacier mass balance, evaporation, evapotranspiration, and growing season length. Data are often incomplete in spatial and temporal domains and regional analyses are variable and sometimes contradictory; however, the weight of evidence indicates an ongoing intensification of the water cycle. In contrast to these trends, the empirical evidence to date does not consistently support an increase in the frequency or intensity of tropical storms and floods. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Huntington, TG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM thunting@usgs.gov OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 123 TC 666 Z9 699 U1 98 U2 501 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 319 IS 1-4 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.003 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 017BV UT WOS:000235670000006 ER PT J AU Petersen, T Caplan-Auerbach, J McNutt, SR AF Petersen, T Caplan-Auerbach, J McNutt, SR TI Sustained long-period seismicity at Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Shishaldin Volcano; volcano seismology; long-period earthquakes ID REDOUBT VOLCANO; 1999 ERUPTION; TREMOR; STROMBOLI; MODELS; EARTHQUAKES; MONTSERRAT; EXCITATION; DYNAMICS; SEQUENCE AB From September 1999 through April 2004, Shishaldin Volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, exhibited a continuous and extremely high level of background seismicity. This activity consisted of many hundreds to thousands of long-period (LP; 1-2 Hz) earthquakes per day, recorded by a 6-station monitoring network around Shishaldin. The LP events originate beneath the summit at shallow depths (0-3 km). Volcano tectonic events and tremor have rarely been observed in the summit region. Such a high rate of LP events with no eruption suggests that a steady state process has been occurring ever since Shishaldin last erupted in April-May 1999. Following the eruption, the only other signs of volcanic unrest have been occasional weak thermal anomalies and an omnipresent puffing volcanic plume. The LP waveforms are nearly identical for time spans of days to months, but vary over longer time scales. The observations imply that the spatially close source processes are repeating, stable and non-destructive. Event sizes vary, but the rate of occurrence remains roughly constant. The events range from magnitude similar to 0.1 to 1.8, with most events having magnitudes < 1.0. The observations suggest that the conduit system is open and capable of releasing a large amount of energy, approximately equivalent to at least one magnitude 1.8-2.6 earthquake per day The rate of observed puffs (I per minute) in the steam plume is similar to the typical seismic rates, suggesting that the LP events are directly related to degassing processes. However, the Source mechanism, capable of producing one LP event about every 0.5-5 min, is still poorly understood. Shishaldin's seismicity is unusual in its sustained high rate of LP events without accompanying eruptive activity. Every indication is that the high rate of seismicity will continue without reflecting a hazardous state. Scaling of the conduit and/or change in gas flux, however, would be expected to change Shishaldin's behavior. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Petersen, T (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tanja@giseis.alaska.edu NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 151 IS 4 BP 365 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.09.003 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 026PE UT WOS:000236353800004 ER PT J AU Basagaoglu, H Meakin, P Green, CT Mathew, M AF Basagaoglu, H Meakin, P Green, CT Mathew, M TI Multiphase flow in geometrically simple fracture intersections SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Discrete Simulation of Fluid Dyanmics CY AUG 16-20, 2004 CL Cambridge, MA SP Tufts Univ DE lattice boltzmann; interaction potentials; intersecting fractures ID LATTICE-BOLTZMANN MODEL; SIMULATION AB A two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann (LB) model with fluid-fluid and solid-fluid interaction potentials was used to Study gravity-driven flow in geometrically simple fracture intersections. simulated scenarios included fluid dripping from a fracture aperture, two-phase flow through intersecting fractures and thin-filin flow oil smooth and undulating solid surfaces. Qualitative comparisons with recently published experimental findings indicate that for these scenarios the LB model captured the underlying physics reasonably well. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625,MS 2025, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM BASAH@inel.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 EI 1873-2119 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD MAR 15 PY 2006 VL 362 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2005.09.004 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 016OZ UT WOS:000235630900005 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JAP Tanaka, KL Miyamoto, H Sasaki, S AF Rodriguez, JAP Tanaka, KL Miyamoto, H Sasaki, S TI Nature and characteristics of the flows that carved the Simud and Tiu outflow channels, Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN PLAINS; ORIGIN; HISTORY; CHAOS; EARTH AB Geomorphic and topographic relations of higher and lower levels of dissection within the Simud and Tiu Valles outflow channels on Mars reveal new insights into their formational histories. We find that the water floods that carved the higher channel floors were primarily sourced from Hydaspis Chaos. The floods apparently branched into distributaries downstream that promoted rapid freezing and sublimation of water and limited discharge into the lowlands. In contrast, we suggest that the lower outflow channels were carved by debris flows from Hydraotes Chaos. Surges within individual debris flows possessed variable volatile contents and led to the deposition of smooth deposits marked by low relief longitudinal ridges. Lower outflow channel discharges resulted in widespread deposition within the Simud/Tiu Valles as well as within the northern plains of Mars. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Geosyst Engn, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Mizusawa 0230861, Japan. RP Rodriguez, JAP (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM alexis1709@yahoo.com RI Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 14 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 8 AR L08S04 DI 10.1029/2005GL024320 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 026HZ UT WOS:000236331300001 ER PT J AU McMahon, PB Dennehy, KF Bruce, BW Bohlke, JK Michel, RL Gurdak, JJ Hurlbut, DB AF McMahon, PB Dennehy, KF Bruce, BW Bohlke, JK Michel, RL Gurdak, JJ Hurlbut, DB TI Storage and transit time of chemicals in thick unsaturated zones under rangeland and irrigated cropland, High Plains, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VADOSE ZONE; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; WATER EQUILIBRATION; DESERT SOILS; FRESH-WATER; NITRATE; MOVEMENT; NITROGEN; BENEATH AB [1] In 2000 - 2002, three rangeland and six irrigated sites were instrumented to assess the storage and transit time of chemicals in thick ( 15 to 50 m) unsaturated zones (UZ) in the High Plains. These processes are likely to influence relations between land use and groundwater quality, yet they have not been documented systematically in the High Plains. Land use and climate were important controls on the size of subsoil chloride, nitrate, and pesticide compound reservoirs. The reservoirs under irrigated cropland generally were larger than those under rangeland because more chemicals were applied to cropland than to rangeland. In some cases, chloride and nitrate reservoirs under rangeland were larger than those under cropland, presumably because of long-term evaporative concentration near the base of the root zone. Natural salts mobilized by irrigation return flow accounted for as much as 60 and 80% of the nitrate and chloride reservoirs, respectively, under some cropland, as indicated by detailed chemical profiles and isotopic tracers (N-15, O-18 in nitrate and H-2, H-3, O-18 in water). Advective chemical transit times in the UZ under cropland ranged from about 50 to 375 years, longer than any of the instrumented fields had been irrigated, yet agrichemicals were detected at the water table at four of the six sites. The data provide evidence for the existence of slow and fast paths for water movement in the UZ, with larger subsoil chemical reservoirs occurring in areas dominated by slow paths. Implications of these findings with respect to water quality in the aquifer are significant because they indicate that the amount of chemical mass reaching the aquifer could increase with time as chemicals that still reside under irrigated fields reach the water table. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Colorado Dept Agr, Denver, CO 80211 USA. RP McMahon, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM pmcmahon@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR 14 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 AR W03413 DI 10.1029/2005WR004417 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 026JT UT WOS:000236335900008 ER PT J AU Farag, AM May, T Marty, GD Easton, M Harper, DD Little, EE Cleveland, L AF Farag, AM May, T Marty, GD Easton, M Harper, DD Little, EE Cleveland, L TI The effect of chronic chromium exposure on the health of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; chromium effects; histology; DNA; lipid peroxidation; Columbia river ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; RAINBOW-TROUT; STRAND BREAKS; CROSS-LINKS; DNA; SENSITIVITY; MICRONUCLEI; TOXICITY AB This study was designed to determine fish health impairment of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to chromium. Juvenile Chinook salmon were exposed to aqueous chromium concentrations (0-266 mu g l(-1)) that have been documented in porewater from bottom sediments and in well waters near salmon spawning areas in the Columbia River in the northwestern United States. After Chinook salmon parr were exposed to 24 and 54 mu g Cr l(-1) for 105 days, neither growth nor survival of parr was affected. On day 105, concentrations were increased from 24 to 120 mu g Cr l(-1) and from 54 to 266 mu g Cr l(-1) until the end of the experiment on day 134. Weight of parr was decreased in the 24/120 mu g Cr l(-1) treatment, and survival was decreased in the 54/266 mu g Cr l(-1) treatment. Fish health was significantly impaired in both the 24/120 and 54/266 mu g Cr l(-1) treatments. The kidney is the target organ during chromium exposures through the water column. The kidneys of fish exposed to the greatest concentrations of chromium had gross and microscopic lesions (e.g. necrosis of cells lining kidney tububules) and products of lipid peroxidation were elevated. These changes were associated with elevated concentrations of chromium in the kidney, and reduced growth and survival. Also, variations in DNA in the blood were associated with pathological changes in the kidney and spleen. These changes suggest that chromium accumulates and enters the lipid peroxidation pathway where fatty acid damage and DNA damage (expressed as chromosome changes) occur to cause cell death and tissue damage. While most of the physiological malfunctions occurred following parr exposures to concentrations >= 120 mu g Cr l(-1), nuclear DNA damage followed exposures to 24 mu g Cr l(-1), which was the smallest concentration tested. The abnormalities measured during this study are particularly important because they are associated with impaired growth and reduced survival at concentrations >= 120 mu g Cr l(-1). Therefore, these changes can be used to investigate the health of resident fish in natural waters with high chromium concentrations as well as provide insight into the mechanisms of chromium toxicity. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Res Stn, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Int EcoGen Inc, N Vancouver, BC V7P 3H6, Canada. RP Farag, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Res Stn, POB 1089, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. EM aida_farag@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAR 10 PY 2006 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 246 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.011 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 022KW UT WOS:000236055700004 PM 16330107 ER PT J AU Brown, RH Clark, RN Buratti, BJ Cruikshank, DP Barnes, JW Mastrapa, RME Bauer, J Newman, S Momary, T Baines, KH Bellucci, G Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Combes, M Coradini, A Drossart, P Formisano, V Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, DL McCord, TB Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C AF Brown, RH Clark, RN Buratti, BJ Cruikshank, DP Barnes, JW Mastrapa, RME Bauer, J Newman, S Momary, T Baines, KH Bellucci, G Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Combes, M Coradini, A Drossart, P Formisano, V Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, DL McCord, TB Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C TI Composition and physical properties of Enceladus' surface SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID KINETIC INHIBITION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ICY SATELLITES; OUTER PLANETS; N-2 REDUCTION; SOLAR-SYSTEM; H2O ICE; CHEMISTRY; NEBULA; CO C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Inst Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-0133 Rome, Italy. Ist Astrofis Spaziale, I-0133 Rome, Italy. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Paris, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nantes, F-44072 Nantes, France. RP Brown, RH (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314 NR 26 TC 128 Z9 129 U1 15 U2 39 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 10 PY 2006 VL 311 IS 5766 BP 1425 EP 1428 DI 10.1126/science.1121031 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 022BJ UT WOS:000236029400038 PM 16527972 ER PT J AU Smith, JM Quinn, TM Helmle, KP Halley, RB AF Smith, JM Quinn, TM Helmle, KP Halley, RB TI Reproducibility of geochemical and climatic signals in the Atlantic coral Montastraea faveolata SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; O-18 ISOTOPIC DISEQUILIBRIUM; FLORIDA-KEYS; BIOLOGICAL CARBONATES; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; SKELETAL CARBONATE; HERMATYPIC CORALS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; WESTERN PACIFIC AB [1] Monthly resolved, 41-year-long stable isotopic and elemental ratio time series were generated from two separate heads of Montastraea faveolata from Looe Key, Florida, to assess the fidelity of using geochemical variations in Montastraea, the dominant reef-building coral of the Atlantic, to reconstruct sea surface environmental conditions at this site. The stable isotope time series of the two corals replicate well; mean values of delta O-18 and delta C-13 are indistinguishable between cores ( compare 0.70 parts per thousand versus 0.68 parts per thousand for delta C-13 and - 3.90 parts per thousand versus - 3.94 parts per thousand for delta O-18). Mean values from the Sr/Ca time series differ by 0.037 mmol/mol, which is outside of analytical error and indicates that nonenvironmental factors are influencing the coral Sr/Ca records at Looe Key. We have generated significant delta O-18 - sea surface temperature (SST) (R = - 0.84) and Sr/Ca-SST (R = - 0.86) calibration equations at Looe Key; however, these equations are different from previously published equations for Montastraea. Variations in growth parameters or kinetic effects are not sufficient to explain either the observed differences in the mean offset between Sr/Ca time series or the disagreement between previous calibrations and our calculated delta O-18-SST and Sr/Ca-SST relationships. Calibration differences are most likely due to variations in seawater chemistry in the continentally influenced waters at Looe Key. Additional geochemical replication studies of Montastraea are needed and should include multiple coral heads from open ocean localities complemented whenever possible by seawater chemistry determinations. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Natl Coral Reef Inst, Dania, FL 33004 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jsmith@marine.usf.edu RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008; Helmle, Kevin/B-5241-2011 OI Helmle, Kevin/0000-0002-9906-5845 NR 84 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD MAR 8 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 AR PA1010 DI 10.1029/2005PA001187 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 025NE UT WOS:000236272300001 ER PT J AU Tenore, KR Zajac, RN Terwin, J Andrade, F Blanton, J Boynton, W Carey, D Diaz, R Holland, AF Lopez-Jamar, E Montagna, P Nichols, F Rosenberg, R Queiroga, H Sprung, M Whitlatch, RB AF Tenore, KR Zajac, RN Terwin, J Andrade, F Blanton, J Boynton, W Carey, D Diaz, R Holland, AF Lopez-Jamar, E Montagna, P Nichols, F Rosenberg, R Queiroga, H Sprung, M Whitlatch, RB TI Characterizing the role benthos plays in large coastal seas and estuaries: A modular approach SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Benthic Ecology Meeting held in Honor of Richard M Warwick CY APR 06-10, 2005 CL Williamsburg, VA DE benthic; coastal; estuary; functional groups; geomorphology; macrofauna; modules ID CLASSIFICATION SCHEME; PATTERNS; BIODIVERSITY; HABITATS; GEOMORPHOLOGY; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; ATLANTIC; OCEAN; FISH AB Ecologists studying coastal and estuarine benthic communities have long taken a macroecological view, by relating benthic community patterns to environmental factors across several spatial scales. Although many general ecological patterns have been established, often a significant amount of the spatial and temporal variation in soft-sediment communities within and among systems remains unexplained. Here we propose a framework that may aid in unraveling the complex influence of environmental factors associated with the different components of coastal systems (i.e. the terrestrial and benthic landscapes, and the hydrological seascape) on benthic communities, and use this information to assess the role played by benthos in coastal ecosystems. A primary component of the approach is the recognition of system modules (e.g. marshes, dendritic systems, tidal rivers, enclosed basins, open bays, lagoons). The modules may differentially interact with key forcing functions (e.g. temperature, salinity, currents) that influence system processes and in turn benthic responses and functions. Modules may also constrain benthic characteristics and related processes within certain ecological boundaries and help explain their overall spatio-temporal variation. We present an example of how benthic community characteristics are related to the modular structure of 14 coastal seas and estuaries, and show that benthic functional group composition is significantly related to the modular structure of these systems. We also propose a framework for exploring the role of benthic communities in coastal systems using this modular approach and offer predictions of how benthic communities may vary depending on the modular composition and characteristics of a coastal system. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Haven, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. N Shore Country Day Sch, Winnetka, IL 60093 USA. Univ Lisbon, Fac Sci, FCUL, Marine Lab Guia, P-2750 Cascais, Portugal. Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. Coastal Vis, Newport, RI 02840 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Inst Espanol Oceanog, Madrid 28020, Spain. Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. US Geol Survey, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Res Stn, Dept Marine Ecol, S-45034 Fiskebackskil, Sweden. Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol, Ctr Environm & Marine Studies, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Zajac, RN (reprint author), Univ New Haven, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, 300 Boston Post Rd, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. EM rzajac@newhaven.edu RI Queiroga, Henrique/C-5134-2008; Boynton, Walter/C-3035-2012; OI Queiroga, Henrique/0000-0002-2338-0013; Andrade, Francisco/0000-0001-6257-1712 NR 41 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD MAR 7 PY 2006 VL 330 IS 1 BP 392 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2005.12.042 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 022MC UT WOS:000236058900032 ER PT J AU Scheirer, DS Shank, TM Fornari, DJ AF Scheirer, DS Shank, TM Fornari, DJ TI Temperature variations at diffuse and focused flow hydrothermal vent sites along the northern East Pacific Rise SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal systems; East Pacific Rise; vent fluids; seafloor eruptions; marine geology and geophysics : hydrothermal systems; marine geology and geophysics : midocean ridge processes; geographic location : Pacific Ocean ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; TIDE-RELATED VARIABILITY; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SEA-FLOOR; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; CRACKING EVENT; OCEAN CRUST; LAVA FLOW; SYSTEM; 9-DEGREES-50'N AB [1] In the decade following documented volcanic activity on the East Pacific Rise near 9 degrees 50'N, we monitored hydrothermal vent fluid temperature variations in conjunction with approximately yearly vent fluid sampling to better understand the processes and physical conditions that govern the evolution of seafloor hydrothermal systems. The temperature of both diffuse flow (low-temperature) and focused flow ( high-temperature) vent fluids decreased significantly within several years of eruptions in 1991 and 1992. After mid-1994, focused flow vents generally exhibited periods of relatively stable, slowly varying temperatures, with occasional high- and low-temperature excursions lasting days to weeks. One such positive temperature excursion was associated with a crustal cracking event. Another with both positive and negative excursions demonstrated a subsurface connection between adjacent focused flow and diffuse flow vents. Diffuse flow vents exhibit much greater temperature variability than adjacent higher-temperature vents. On timescales of a week or less, temperatures at a given position within a diffuse flow field often varied by 5 degrees - 10 degrees C, synchronous with near-bottom currents dominated by tidal and inertial forcing. On timescales of a week and longer, diffuse flow temperatures varied slowly and incoherently among different vent fields. At diffuse flow vent sites, the conceptual model of a thermal boundary layer immediately above the seafloor explains many of the temporal and spatial temperature variations observed within a single vent field. The thermal boundary layer is a lens of warm water injected from beneath the seafloor that is mixed and distended by lateral near-bottom currents. The volume of the boundary layer is delineated by the position of mature communities of sessile ( e. g., tubeworms) and relatively slow-moving organisms ( e. g., mussels). Vertical flow rates of hydrothermal fluids exiting the seafloor at diffuse vents are less than lateral flow rates of near-bottom currents ( 5 - 10 cm/s). The presence of a subsurface, shallow reservoir of warm hydrothermal fluids can explain differing temperature behaviors of adjacent diffuse flow and focused flow vents at 9 degrees 50'N. Different average temperatures and daily temperature ranges are explained by variable amounts of mixing of hydrothermal fluids with ambient seawater through subsurface conduits that have varying lateral permeability. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Scheirer, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 989,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dscheirer@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAR 3 PY 2006 VL 7 AR Q03002 DI 10.1029/2005GC001094 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 021OS UT WOS:000235993100002 ER PT J AU Kubo, T Durham, WB Stern, LA Kirby, SH AF Kubo, T Durham, WB Stern, LA Kirby, SH TI Grain size-sensitive creep in ice II SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE; RHEOLOGY; SATELLITES; DEFORMATION; VISCOSITY; EVOLUTION; VI AB Rheological experiments on fine-grained water ice II at low strain rates reveal a creep mechanism that dominates at conditions of low stress. Using cryogenic scanning electron microscopy, we observed that a change in stress exponent from 5 to 2.5 correlates strongly with a decrease in grain size from about 40 to 6 micrometers. The grain size-sensitive creep of ice II demonstrated here plausibly dominates plastic strain at the low-stress conditions in the interior of medium- to large-sized icy moons of the outer solar system. C1 Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kubo, T (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. EM kubotomo@geo.kyushu-u.ac.jp RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 3 PY 2006 VL 311 IS 5765 BP 1267 EP 1269 DI 10.1126/science.1121296 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 019XB UT WOS:000235870400035 PM 16513977 ER PT J AU Wicks, CW Thatcher, W Dzurisin, D Svarc, J AF Wicks, CW Thatcher, W Dzurisin, D Svarc, J TI Uplift, thermal unrest and magma intrusion at Yellowstone caldera SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; VOLCANIC FIELD; NATIONAL-PARK; EARTHQUAKE; BENEATH; PROPAGATION; FLUID AB The Yellowstone caldera, in the western United States, formed similar to 640,000 years ago when an explosive eruption ejected,1,000km 3 of material(1). It is the youngest of a series of large calderas that formed during sequential cataclysmic eruptions that began similar to 16 million years ago in eastern Oregon and northern Nevada. The Yellowstone caldera was largely buried by rhyolite lava flows during eruptions that occurred from similar to 150,000 to,70,000 years ago(1). Since the last eruption, Yellowstone has remained restless, with high seismicity, continuing uplift/ subsidence episodes with movements of similar to 70 cm historically(2) to several metres since the Pleistocene epoch(3), and intense hydrothermal activity. Here we present observations of a new mode of surface deformation in Yellowstone, based on radar interferometry observations from the European Space Agency ERS-2 satellite. We infer that the observed pattern of uplift and subsidence results from variations in the movement of molten basalt into and out of the Yellowstone volcanic system. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94555 USA. US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Wicks, CW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94555 USA. EM cwicks@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 2 PY 2006 VL 440 IS 7080 BP 72 EP 75 DI 10.1038/nature04507 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 017HW UT WOS:000235685700041 PM 16511491 ER PT J AU Peters, KE Walters, CC Mankiewicz, PJ AF Peters, KE Walters, CC Mankiewicz, PJ TI Evaluation of kinetic uncertainty in numerical models of petroleum generation SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID OPEN-SYSTEM PYROLYSIS; CARBON-ISOTOPE RATIOS; OXFORD CLAY FORMATION; HYDROCARBON GENERATION; GAS GENERATION; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; SOURCE ROCKS; OIL; KEROGEN; PARAMETERS AB Oil-prone marine petroleum source rocks contain type I or type 11 kerogen having Rock-Eval pyrolysis hydrogen indices greater than 600 or 300-600 mg hydrocarbon/g total organic carbon (HI, mg HC/g TOC), respectively. Samples from 29 marine source rocks worldwide that contain mainly type II kerogen (HI = 230-786 mg HC/g TOC) were subjected to open-system programmed pyrolysis to determine the activation energy distributions for petroleum generation. Assuming a burial heating rate of 1 degrees C/m.y. for each measured activation energy distribution, the calculated average temperature for 50% fractional conversion of the kerogen in the samples to petroleum is approximately 136 +/- 7 degrees C, but the range spans about 30 degrees C (similar to 121-151 degrees C). Fifty-two outcrop samples of thermally immature Jurassic Oxford Clay Formation were collected from five locations in the United Kingdom to determine the variations of kinetic response for one source rock unit. The samples contain mainly type I or type II kerogens (HI = 230-774 mg HC/g TOC). At a heating rate of 1 degrees C/m.y., the calculated temperatures for 50% fractional conversion of the Oxford Clay kerogens to petroleum differ by as much as 23 degrees C (127-150 degrees C). The data indicate that kerogen type, as defined by hydrogen is not systematically linked to kinetic response, and that index, default kinetics for the thermal decomposition of type I or type II kerogen can introduce unacceptable errors into numerical simulations. Furthermore, custom kinetics based on one or a few samples may be inadequate to account for variations in organofacies within a source rock. We propose three methods to evaluate the uncertainty contributed by kerogen kinetics to numerical simulations: (1) use the average kinetic distribution for multiple samples of source rock and the standard deviation for each activation energy in that distribution; (2) use source rock kinetics determined at several locations to describe different parts of the study area; and (3) use a weighted-average method that combines kinetics for samples from different locations in the source rock unit by giving the activation energy distribution for each sample a weight proportional to its Rock-Eval pyrolysis S-2 yield (hydrocarbons generated by pyrolytic degradation of organic matter). C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX 77060 USA. RP Peters, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 969, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kpeters@usgs.gov; clifford.c.walters@exxonmobil.com; paul.j.mankiewicz@exxonmobil.com OI Walters, Clifford/0000-0002-4654-0139 NR 52 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 3 BP 387 EP 403 DI 10.1306/10140505122 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 021DN UT WOS:000235963900005 ER PT J AU Sanz, E Voss, CI AF Sanz, E Voss, CI TI Inverse modeling for seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers: Insights about parameter sensitivities, variances, correlations and estimation procedures derived from the Henry problem SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE variable-density; inverse modeling; seawater intrusion; sensitivity; network design; covariance analysis ID GROUNDWATER SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SAMPLING DESIGN; POROUS-MEDIA; FLOW; DISCRIMINATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Inverse modeling studies employing data collected from the classic Henry seawater intrusion problem give insight into several important aspects of inverse modeling of seawater intrusion problems and effective measurement strategies for estimation of parameters for seawater intrusion. Despite the simplicity of the Henry problem, it embodies the behavior of a typical seawater intrusion situation in a single aquifer. Data collected from the numerical problem solution are employed without added noise in order to focus on the aspects of inverse modeling strategies dictated by the physics of variable-density flow and solute transport during seawater intrusion. Covariances of model parameters that can be estimated are strongly dependent on the physics. The insights gained from this type of analysis may be directly applied to field problems in the presence of data errors, using standard inverse modeling approaches to deal with uncertainty in data. Covariance analysis of the Henry problem indicates that in order to generally reduce variance of parameter estimates, the ideal places to measure pressure are as far away from the coast as possible, at any depth, and the ideal places to measure concentration are near the bottom of the aquifer between the center of the transition zone and its inland fringe. These observations are located in and near high-sensitivity regions of system parameters, which may be identified in a sensitivity analysis with respect to several parameters. However, both the form of error distribution in the observations and the observation weights impact the spatial sensitivity distributions, and different choices for error distributions or weights can result in significantly different regions of high sensitivity. Thus, in order to design effective sampling networks, the error form and weights must be carefully considered. For the Henry problem, permeability and freshwater inflow can be estimated with low estimation variance from only pressure or only concentration observations. Permeability, freshwater inflow, solute molecular diffusivity, and porosity can be estimated with roughly equivalent confidence using observations of only the logarithm of concentration. Furthermore, covariance analysis allows a logical reduction of the number of estimated parameters for ill-posed inverse seawater intrusion problems. Ill-posed problems may exhibit poor estimation convergence, have a non-unique solution, have multiple minima, or require excessive computational effort, and the condition often occurs when estimating too many or co-dependent parameters. For the Henry problem, such analysis allows selection of the two parameters that control system physics from among all possible system parameters. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Inst Earth Sci Jaume Almera, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Sanz, E (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Earth Sci Jaume Almera, Lluis Sole & Sabaris,S-N, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM esanz@ija.csic.es; cvoss@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 439 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.08.014 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 007JM UT WOS:000234965000006 ER PT J AU Garavito, AM Kooi, H Neuzil, CE AF Garavito, AM Kooi, H Neuzil, CE TI Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE osmotic flow; coupled flow modeling; semi-permeable clay membranes; osmotic efficiency ID ANOMALOUS FLUID PRESSURES; CLAY MEMBRANE; OSMOTIC FLOW; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; SOLUTE MIGRATION; TIGHT FORMATIONS; WATER; TRANSPORT; SOILS AB We have numerically modeled evolving fluid pressures and concentrations from a nine-year in situ osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota. These data were obtained and recently interpreted by one of us (C.E.N.) as indicating a potentially significant role for chemical osmosis in media like the Pierre Shale. That analysis considered only the final pressure differentials among boreholes that were assumed to represent osmotic equilibrium. For this study, the system evolution was modeled using a recently developed transient model for membrane transport. The model simulates hydraulically and chemically driven fluid and solute transport. The results yield an estimate of the thickness of the water film between the clay platelets b of 40 angstrom, which corresponds to an osmotic efficiency sigma of 0.21 for the ambient pore water salinity of 3.5 g/l TDS. These values largely confirm the results of the earlier equilibrium analysis. However, the new model analysis provides additional constraints suggesting that intrinsic permeability k = 1.4 x 10(-19) m(2), specific storage S-s = 1.7 x 10(-5) m(-1), and diffusion coefficient D* = 6 x 10(-11) m(2)/s. The k value is larger than certain independent estimates which range from 10(-21) to 10(-20); it may indicate opening of microcracks during the experiments. The fact that the complex transient pressure and concentration behavior for the individual wells could be reproduced quite accurately, and the inferred parameter values appear to be realistic for the Pierre Shale, suggests that the new model is a useful tool for modeling transient coupled flows in groundwater systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Hydrol & Geoenvironm Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Kooi, H (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Hydrol & Geoenvironm Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM ana.maria.garavito.rojas@falw.vu.nl; henk.kooi@falw.vu.nl; ceneuzil@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 481 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 007JM UT WOS:000234965000009 ER PT J AU Boydston, EE Kapheim, KM Holekamp, KE AF Boydston, EE Kapheim, KM Holekamp, KE TI Patterns of den occupation by the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE communal denning; den moves; hyaenas; Serengeti-Mara ID JUVENILE RANK RELATIONS; COMMUTING SYSTEM; MIGRATORY PREY; PREDATOR COPES; SPACE USE; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; DENNING BEHAVIOR; HYAENA-BRUNNEA; MATERNAL-CARE; BROWN AB Spotted hyaenas utilize isolated natal dens (NDs) and communal dens (CDs) for rearing their cubs. Here we describe patterns of natal and CD occupation by hyaenas belonging to one well-studied clan in the Maasai Mara National Reserve during a 10-year period. Locations of 98 den sites that were used as natal or CDs by hyaenas in the study clan were digitized in a Geographic Information System, and the duration of use of each den site, frequency of re-use, and distances involved in den moves were quantified. Hyaenas moved their CD monthly on average. Most CD sites were occupied only once during the study, but several sites were used repeatedly. On rare occasions, the movement of hyaenas to a new den site could be attributed to a disturbance event at the CD, but factors regularly prompting hyaenas to move to new CD sites were unclear. High-ranking female hyaenas were more likely to rear their cubs from birth in a CD than low-ranking females. Low-ranking females almost always utilized isolated NDs for the first few weeks of a litter's development, and low-ranking females transferred their cubs over longer distances than did high-ranking females. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Boydston, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM eboydston@usgs.gov RI Holekamp, Kay/G-6054-2010 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-6707 J9 AFR J ECOL JI Afr. J. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00618.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028BW UT WOS:000236461600010 ER PT J AU Sibrell, PL Watten, BJ Haines, TA Spaulding, BW AF Sibrell, PL Watten, BJ Haines, TA Spaulding, BW TI Limestone fluidized bed treatment of acid-impacted water at the Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery, Maine, USA SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acid; limestone; alkalinity; Atlantic salmon; aluminum; hatchery ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; MINE DRAINAGE AB Decades of atmospheric acid deposition have resulted in widespread lake and river acidification in the northeastern U.S. Biological effects of acidification include increased mortality of sensitive aquatic species Such as the endangered Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a limestone-based fluidized bed system for the treatment of acid-impacted waters. The treatment system was tested at the Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery in East Orland, Maine over a period of 3 years. The product water from the treatment system was diluted with hatchery water to prepare water supplies with three different levels of alkalinity for testing of fish health and Survival. Based on positive results from a prototype system used in the first year of the study, a larger demonstration system was used in the second and third years with the objective of decreasing operating costs. Carbon dioxide was used to accelerate limestone dissolution, and was the major factor in system performance, as evidenced by the model result: Alk = 72.84 X P(CO2)(1/2); R-2 = 0.975. No significant acidic incursions were noted for the control water over the course of the Study. Had these incursions occurred, survivability in the untreated water would likely have been much more severely impacted. Treated water consistently provided elevated alkalinity and pH above that of the hatchery source water. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Orono Field Stn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Sibrell, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM psibrell@usgs.gov OI Sibrell, Philip/0000-0001-5666-1228 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.05.003 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 015RP UT WOS:000235568800001 ER PT J AU Chizinski, CJ Higgins, CL Shavlik, CE Pope, KL AF Chizinski, CJ Higgins, CL Shavlik, CE Pope, KL TI Multiple hypotheses testing of fish incidence patterns in an urbanized ecosystem SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish assemblages; invasion; model selection; urban ID BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; FRESH-WATER; CONSEQUENCES; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; PROGRESS; FAUNAS; CONSERVATION; ASSEMBLAGES AB Ecological and evolutionary theories have focused traditionally on natural processes with little attempt to incorporate anthropogenic influences despite the fact that humans are such an integral part of virtually all ecosystems. A series of alternate models that incorporated anthropogenic factors and traditional ecological mechanisms of invasion to account for fish incidence patterns in urban lakes was tested. The models were based on fish biology, human intervention, and habitat characteristics. However, the only models to account for empirical patterns were those that included fish invasiveness, which incorporated species-specific information about overall tolerance and fecundity. This suggests that species-specific characteristics are more important in general distributional patterns than human-mediated dispersal. Better information of illegal stocking activities is needed to improve human-mediated models, and more insight into basic life history of ubiquitous species is needed to truly understand underlying mechanisms of biotic homogenization. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Tarleton State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stephenville, TX 76402 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Fisheries, Walker, MN 56484 USA. Univ Nebraska, USGS Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Chizinski, CJ (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, Mail Stop 2125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM chris.chizinski@ttu.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; Chizinski, Christopher/G-6306-2011; OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687; Chizinski, Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588 NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2588 J9 AQUAT ECOL JI Aquat. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s10452-005-9025-z PG 13 WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 015IU UT WOS:000235545900009 ER PT J AU Franke, J Batts, WN Ahne, W Kurath, G Winton, JR AF Franke, J Batts, WN Ahne, W Kurath, G Winton, JR TI Sequence motifs and prokaryotic expression of the reptilian paramyxovirus fusion protein SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; LEUCINE-ZIPPER MOTIF; OPHIDIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS; MEMBRANE-FUSION; HEPTAD REPEAT; SENDAI-VIRUS; CELL-FUSION; CORE TRIMER; IDENTIFICATION AB Fourteen reptilian paramyxovirus isolates were chosen to represent the known extent of genetic diversity among this novel group of viruses. Selected regions of the fusion (F) gene were sequenced, analyzed and compared. The F gene of all isolates contained conserved motifs homologous to those described for other members of the family Paramyxoviridae including: signal peptide, transmembrane domain, furin cleavage site, fusion peptide, N-linked glycosylation sites, and two heptad repeats, the second of which (HRB-LZ) had the characteristics of a leucine zipper. Selected regions of the fusion gene of isolate Gono-GER85 were inserted into a prokaryotic expression system to generate three recombinant protein fragments of various sizes. The longest recombinant protein was cleaved by furin into two fragments of predicted length. Western blot analysis with virus-neutralizing rabbit-antiserum against this isolate demonstrated that only the longest construct reacted with the antiserum. This construct was unique in containing 30 additional C-terminal amino acids that included most of the HRB-LZ. These results indicate that the F genes of reptilian paramyxoviruses contain highly conserved motifs typical of other members of the family and suggest that the HRB-LZ domain of the reptilian paramyxovirus F protein contains a linear antigenic epitope. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Winton, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jim_winton@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 151 IS 3 BP 449 EP 464 DI 10.1007/s00705-005-0663-1 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA 017CW UT WOS:000235672700003 PM 16328138 ER PT J AU Durner, GM Amstrup, SC Ambrosius, KJ AF Durner, GM Amstrup, SC Ambrosius, KJ TI Polar bear maternal den habitat in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE aerial photography; Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR); den habitat; maternal den; photo interpretation; polar bear; Ursus maritimus ID BEAUFORT SEA; NORTHERN ALASKA; ICE AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) give birth during mid-winter in dens of ice and snow. Denning polar bears subjected to human disturbances may abandon dens before their altricial young can survive the rigors of the Arctic winter. Because the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska is an area of high petroleum potential and contains existing and planned oil field developments, the distribution of polar bear dens on the plain is of interest to land managers. Therefore, as part of a study of denning habitats along the entire Arctic coast of Alaska, we examined high-resolution aerial photographs (n = 1655) of the 7994 km(2) coastal plain included in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) and mapped 3621 km of bank habitat suitable for denning by polar bears. Such habitats were distributed uniformly and comprised 0.29% (23.2 km(2)) of the coastal plain between the Canning River and the Canadian border. Ground-truth sampling suggested that we had correctly identified 91.5% of bank denning habitats on the ANWR coastal plain. Knowledge of the distribution of these habitats will help facilitate informed management of human activities and minimize disruption of polar bears in maternal dens. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Aeromap US, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Durner, GM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM george_durner@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 26 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD MAR PY 2006 VL 59 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 022QN UT WOS:000236070900004 ER PT J AU Taft, OW Haig, SM AF Taft, OW Haig, SM TI Landscape context mediates influence of local food abundance on wetland use by wintering shorebirds in an agricultural valley SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE benthic invertebrates; dunlin (Calidris alpina); killdeer (Charadrius vociferus); wetland landscape planning; wetland conservation; Willamette Valley of Oregon ID WILLAMETTE-VALLEY; MIGRATING SHOREBIRDS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; HABITAT USE; OREGON; CONSERVATION; BIOMASS; WADERS; REGION; PREY AB While it is widely understood that local abundance of benthic invertebrates can greatly influence the distribution and abundance of wetland birds, no studies have examined if wetland landscape context can mediate this relationship. We studied the influence of wetland food abundance and landscape context on use of agricultural wetlands by wintering dunlin (Calidris alpina) and killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, USA, over two winters (1999-2000, 2000-2001) of differing rainfall and subsequent habitat distribution. We monitored bird use (frequency of occurrence and abundance) at a sample of wetlands differing in local food abundance (density and biomass) and landscape context [adjacent shorebird habitat (defined as ha of wet habitat with less than 50% vegetative cover and within a 2-km radius) and nearest neighbor distance]. We evaluated predictive models for bird use using linear regression and the Cp criterion to select the most parsimonious model. During the dry winter (2000-2001), dunlin exhibited greater use of sites with higher invertebrate density and biomass but also with more adjacent shorebird habitat and closest to a wetland neighbor. However, neither landscape context nor food abundance were important predictors of dunlin use during the wet winter (1999-2000). Use of sites by killdeer was unrelated to either local food abundance or landscape context measures during both winters. Our findings contribute to a growing recognition of the importance of landscape structure to wetland birds and highlight a number of implications for the spatial planning and enhancement of wetlands using a landscape approach. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Taft, OW (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM oriane_taft@usgs.gov NR 77 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 128 IS 3 BP 298 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.09.036 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 023AD UT WOS:000236096500002 ER PT J AU Allen, CR Garmestani, AS LaBram, JA Peck, AE Prevost, LB AF Allen, CR Garmestani, AS LaBram, JA Peck, AE Prevost, LB TI When landscaping goes bad: The incipient invasion of Mahonia bealei in the southeastern United States SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE horticulture; landscaping; Mahonia bealei; non-indigenous species; ornamentals; woodlots ID BERBERIS-THUNBERGII; PLANT INVASIONS; EXOTIC PLANTS; CLONAL SHRUB; COLONIZATION; INVASIBILITY; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; HABITATS AB Woodlots are forest islands embedded within an urban matrix, and often represent the only natural areas remaining in suburban areas. Woodlots represent critical conservation areas for native plants, and are important habitat for wildlife in urban areas. Invasion by non-indigenous (NIS) plants can alter ecological structure and function, and may be especially severe in remnant forests where NIS propagule pressure is high. Woody shrubs in the Family Berberidaceae have been well documented as invaders of the forest-urban matrix in North America. Mahonia bealei (Berberidaceae) is a clonal shrub native to China, and is a popular ornamental in the Southeastern United States. Mahoni bealei is listed as "present" on some local and state floras, but almost nothing is known regarding its invasion potential in the United States. We sampled 15 woodlots in Clemson, South Carolina, to assess the invasion of M. bealei and other woody non-indigenous species (NIS). M. bealei invaded 87% of the woodlots surveyed and species richness of NIS on these woodlots varied from 5 to 14. Stepwise-multiple regression indicated that less canopy cover and older M. bealei predicted greater abundance of M. bealei , and that not all subdivisions were equally invaded (P < 0.0001; r(2) = 0.88). The impact of M. bealei on native flora and fauna may be considerable, and it is likely to continue to spread in the Southeastern United States. M. bealei should be recognized as an aggressive invader in the Southeastern United States, with the potential for negative impacts on native flora and fauna. C1 Clemson Univ, USGS, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USGS, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM allencr@clemson.edu NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2006 VL 8 IS 2 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s10530-004-2896-4 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998HO UT WOS:000234309500006 ER PT J AU Royle, JA AF Royle, JA TI Site occupancy models with heterogeneous detection probabilities SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE animal sampling; detection probability; occurrence probability; site occupancy ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; CLOSED POPULATION; SIZE; ABSENCE; RATES; VARY AB Models for estimating the probability of occurrence of a species in the presence of imperfect detection are important in marry ecological disciplines. In these "site occupancy" models, the possibility of heterogeneity in detection probabilities among sites must be considered because variation in abundance (and other factors) among sampled sites induces variation in detection probability (p). In this article, I develop occurrence probability models that allow for heterogeneous detection probabilities by considering several common classes of mixture distributions for p. For any mixing distribution, the likelihood has the general form of a zero-inflated binomial mixture for which inference based upon integrated likelihood is straightforward. A recent paper by Link (2003, Biometrics 59, 1123-1130) demonstrates that in closed population models used for estimating population size, different classes of mixture distributions are indistinguishable from data, yet can produce very different inferences about population size. I demonstrate that this problem can also arise in models for estimating site occupancy in the presence of heterogeneous detection probabilities. The implications of this are discussed in the context of an application to avian survey data and the development of animal monitoring programs. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 15 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD MAR PY 2006 VL 62 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00439.x PG 6 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 026CX UT WOS:000236315400013 PM 16542234 ER PT J AU Scoppettone, GG Rissler, PH AF Scoppettone, GG Rissler, PH TI Distribution of tui chub in the Cow Head basin, Nevada and California SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Reno Field Stn, Reno, NV 89502 USA. RP Scoppettone, GG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Reno Field Stn, 1340 Financial Blvd,Suite 161, Reno, NV 89502 USA. EM gary_scoppettone@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SPR PY 2006 VL 92 IS 2 BP 106 EP 112 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 048GY UT WOS:000237936800006 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Budahn, JR AF Muhs, Daniel R. Budahn, James R. TI Geochemical evidence for the origin of late Quaternary loess in central Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; YUKON-TERRITORY; NEW-ZEALAND; MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; PALEOSOL SEQUENCE; PLEISTOCENE LOESS; NORTH-AMERICA; AEOLIAN DUST; CLIMATE AB Loess is extensive in central Alaska, but there are uncertainties about its source and the direction of paleowinds that deposited it. Both northerly and southerly winds have been inferred. The most likely sources of loess are the Tanana River (south), the Nenana River (southeast), and the Yukon River (north). Late Quaternary loess in central Alaska has immobile trace-element compositions (Cr/Sc, Th/Ta, Th/Sc, Th/U, Eu/Eu*, Gd-N/Yb-N) that indicate derivation mostly from the Tanana River. However, other ratios (As/Sb, Zr/Hf, La-N/Yb-N) and quantitative modeling indicate that the Yukon River was also a source. During the last glacial period, there may have been a longer residence time of the Siberian and Canadian high-pressure cells, along with a strengthened Aleutian low-pressure cell. This would have generated regional-scale northeasterly winds and explains derivation of loess from the Yukon River. However, superimposed upon this synoptic-scale circulation, there may have been strong, southerly katabatic winds from expanded glaciers on the northern flank of the Alaska Range. These winds could have provided eolian silt from the Tanana River. Yukon River and Tanana River sediments are highly calcareous, whereas Fairbanks-area loess is not. This suggests that carbonate leaching in loess kept ahead of sedimentation and that late Quaternary loess in central Alaska was deposited relatively slowly. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov NR 72 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 323 EP 337 DI 10.1139/E05-115 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 049BQ UT WOS:000237990900005 ER PT J AU Gerbi, CC Johnson, SE Aleinikoff, JN AF Gerbi, CC Johnson, SE Aleinikoff, JN TI Origin and orogenic role of the Chain Lakes massif, Maine and Quebec SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID NEW-ENGLAND APPALACHIANS; REGIONAL METAMORPHISM; LAURENTIAN MARGIN; NORTHERN APPALACHIANS; TACONIAN OROGENY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; WESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND; AR-40/AR-39 EVIDENCE; CENTRAL AUSTRALIA; HUMBER ZONE AB The Chain Lakes massif has long been an enigmatic component of the Appalachian orogen, but new structural, micro structural, and geochronological information provides the basis for the following new interpretation of the massif and its history. In the early Paleozoic, sediments and volcanic rocks from Laurentia or a Laurentian-derived microcontinent were deposited in a fore-arc basin on the western margin of the Iapetus ocean. Following intrusion of arc-related magmas, the sedimentary-volcanic sequence was heated sufficiently to melt in place, resulting in stratigraphic disaggregation and diatexite formation. We dated monazite growth from this metamorphic event at 469 +/- 4 Ma. Although some melt may have left the system, much remained, including water dissolved in the melt. Upon crystallization, this water drove thorough retrogression of the massif, causing pervasive pseudomorphism of porphyroblasts. With cooling and crystallization, the Chain Lakes massif became sufficiently rigid that it was not significantly deformed during the Middle Ordovician through Devonian stages of Appalachian orogenesis involving the arrival of several peri-Gondwanan microcontinents. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Gerbi, CC (reprint author), Bowdoin Coll, Dept Geol, 6800 Coll Stn, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. EM gerbi@umit.maine.edu NR 107 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 339 EP 366 DI 10.1139/E05-112 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 049BQ UT WOS:000237990900006 ER PT J AU Gerbi, CC Johnson, SE Aleinikoff, JN Bedard, JH Dunning, GR Fanning, CM AF Gerbi, CC Johnson, SE Aleinikoff, JN Bedard, JH Dunning, GR Fanning, CM TI Early Paleozoic development of the Maine-Quebec Boundary Mountains region SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NEW-ENGLAND APPALACHIANS; NORTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; CHAIN LAKES MASSIF; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; TACONIAN OROGENY; PLUTONIC SUITE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; EVOLUTION; GRANITE AB Pre-Silurian bedrock units played key roles in the early Paleozoic history of the Maine-Quebec Appalachians. These units represent peri-Laurentian material whose collision with the craton deformed the Neoproteozoic passive margin and initiated the Appalachian mountain-building cycle. We present new field, petrological, geochronological, and geochemical data to support the following interpretations related to these units. (1) The Boil Mountain Complex and Jim Pond Formation do not represent part of a coherent ophiolite. (2) Gabbro and tonalite of the Boil Mountain Complex intruded the Chain Lakes massif at ca. 477 Ma. (3) The Skinner pluton, an arc-related granodiorite, intruded the Chain Lakes massif at ca. 472 Ma. (4) The Attean pluton, with a reconfirmed age of ca. 443 Ma, is unrelated to Early Ordovician orogenesis. (5) The most likely timing for the juxtaposition of the Jim Pond Formation and the Boil Mountain Complex was during regional Devonian deformation. These interpretations suggest that the Boundary Mountains were once part of a series of arcs extending at least from central New England through Newfoundland. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Nat Resources Canada, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. Mem Univ Newfoundland, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, PRISE, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Gerbi, CC (reprint author), Bowdoin Coll, Dept Geol, 6800 Coll Stn, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. EM gerbi@umit.maine.edu RI Fanning, C. Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Fanning, C. Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 367 EP 389 DI 10.1139/E05-113 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 049BQ UT WOS:000237990900007 ER PT J AU Wagner, CM Jones, ML Twohey, MB Sorensen, PW AF Wagner, CM Jones, ML Twohey, MB Sorensen, PW TI A field test verifies that pheromones can be useful for sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in the Great Lakes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; MANAGEMENT AB Pheromone-baited traps have proven highly effective for managing insect pests by selectively removing reproductively active adults prior to mating. Here, we report a field test of two pheromones produced by the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, which may be useful for controlling pest populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes. In the Trout River, Michigan, we demonstrated that (i) 90% of actively migrating sea lampreys could be drawn into streams treated with a migratory pheromone and (ii) lampreys were three times more likely to enter a barrier-integrated trap in a treated stream when pheromone was discharged directly through that trap (vs. an adjacent, unbaited trap). In a second experiment, we baited three traps with spermiating males (that are known to release a sex pheromone) to investigate how the quantity and spatial distribution of multiple pheromone signals would affect our ability to trap ovulating females. We found that mature females showed a strong tendency to select traps with multiple males over a trap with a single male when the signals were encountered simultaneously, but not when encountered sequentially. Our results strongly suggest pheromones may prove highly effective as attractants in trap-based management tactics for sea lamprey in the Great Lakes. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Wagner, CM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mwagner@msu.edu NR 12 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 33 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 63 IS 3 BP 475 EP 479 DI 10.1139/F06-008 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 038EI UT WOS:000237201200002 ER PT J AU Gomi, T Johnson, AC Deal, RL Hennon, PE Orlikowska, EH Wipfli, MS AF Gomi, Takashi Johnson, Adelaide C. Deal, Robert L. Hennon, Paul E. Orlikowska, Ewa H. Wipfli, Mark S. TI Factors affecting distribution of wood, detritus, and sediment in headwater streams draining managed young-growth red alder - conifer forests in southeast Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID OREGON COAST RANGE; OLD-GROWTH; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; WESTERN WASHINGTON; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; RIPARIAN FORESTS; FISH HABITAT; ALNUS-RUBRA; CLEAR-CUT AB Factors (riparian stand condition, management regimes, and channel properties) affecting distributions of wood, detritus (leaves and branches), and sediment were examined in headwater streams draining young-growth red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) - conifer riparian forests (< 40 years old) in southeast Alaska. More riparian red alder were found along streams affected by both timber harvesting and mass movement than in streams affected by timber harvesting alone. Young-growth stands produced little large wood material (diameter >= 10 cm) and had little effect on altering the size distribution of functional large wood in channels, although more alder wood pieces were found in streams with greater numbers of riparian alder trees. Legacy wood pieces (> 40 years old) remained in channels and provided sites for sediment and organic matter storage. Despite various alder-conifer mixtures and past harvesting effects, the abundance of large wood, fine wood, and detritus accumulations significantly decreased with increasing channel bank-full width ( 0.5-3.5 m) along relatively short channel distances (up to 700 m). Changes in wood, detritus, and sediment accumulations together with changes in riparian stand characteristics create spatial and temporal variability of in-channel conditions in headwater systems. A component of alder within young-growth riparian forests may benefit both wood production and biological recovery in disturbed headwater stream channels. C1 Kyoto Univ, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Geo Hazards Div, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, USGS Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Gomi, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Geo Hazards Div, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM gomi@slope.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Gomi, Takashi/E-3504-2010 NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 725 EP 737 DI 10.1139/X05-272 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 040YN UT WOS:000237418000019 ER PT J AU Jacono, CC Johnson, DM AF Jacono, CC Johnson, DM TI Water-clover ferns, Marsilea, in the southeastern United States SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article ID INVASION AB A surge in the collection of exotic Marsilea, M. mutica, M. minuta and M. hirsuta in the southeastern United States has prompted the need for updated identification aids. This study provides an annotated key to all water-clover ferns occurring in the region. It describes and illustrates recently documented exotic species and a previously misidentified western introduction. It details the rediscovery of M. ancylopoda, presumed extinct, and confirms its identification as the western species M. oligospora. Finally it clarifies the status and distribution of two additional western North American species introduced to the southeast, M. vestita and M. macropoda. C1 US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Ohio Wesleyan Univ, Dept Bot Microbiol, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Jacono, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 1st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM Colette_Jacono@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOCIETY, NEWBERRY COLLEGE PI NEWBERRY PA DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N. HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST., NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD MAR PY 2006 VL 71 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.2179/05-1.1 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 046VB UT WOS:000237838100001 ER PT J AU Klein, C Schneider, RJ Meyer, MT Aga, DS AF Klein, C Schneider, RJ Meyer, MT Aga, DS TI Enantiomeric separation of metolachlor and its metabolites using LC-MS and CZE SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE chiral separation; metolachlor ESA; metolachlor OXA; gamma-cyclodextrin ID CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OXANILIC ACID METABOLITES; ENANTIOSELECTIVE DEGRADATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IDENTIFICATION; HERBICIDES; SOIL; STEREOISOMERS; COMPLEXATION AB The stereoisomers of metolachlor and its two polar metabolites [ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid (OXA)] were separated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), respectively. The separation of metolachlor enantiomers was achieved using a LC-MS equipped with a chiral stationary phase based on cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source operated under positive ion mode. The enantiomers of ESA and OXA were separated using CZE with gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) as chiral selector. Various CZE conditions were investigated to achieve the best resolution of the ESA and OXA enantiomers. The optimum background CZE electrolyte was found to consist of borate buffer (pH = 9) containing 20% methanol (v/v) and 2.5% gamma-CD (w/v). Maximum resolution of ESA and OXA enantiomers was achieved using a capillary temperature of 15 degrees C and applied voltage of 30 kV. The applicability of the LC-MS and CZE methods was demonstrated successfully on the enantiomeric analysis of metolachlor and its metabolites in samples from a soil and water degradation study that was set up to probe the stereoselectivity of metolachlor biodegradation. These techniques allow the enantiomeric ratios of the target analytes to be followed over time during the degradation process and thus will prove useful in determining the role of chirality in pesticide degradation and metabolite formation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Plant Nutr, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Aga, DS (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, 611 Nat Sci Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM dianaaga@buffalo.edu RI Schneider, Rudolf J./A-3771-2009; OI Schneider, Rudolf J./0000-0003-2228-1248; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2006 VL 62 IS 10 BP 1591 EP 1599 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.048 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027GM UT WOS:000236402800004 PM 16081137 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK Smith, KD Aderem, A Hood, L Winton, JR Roach, JC AF Purcell, MK Smith, KD Aderem, A Hood, L Winton, JR Roach, JC TI Conservation of Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in teleost fish SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Functional Genomics of Pufferfish CY NOV 03-06, 2004 CL Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Univ Tokyo DE pro-inflammatory cytokine; interferon; MYD88; TIRAP; TRIF; TRAF6; IRF3; phylogeny; molecular tree; PHYLIP ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; RAINBOW-TROUT; CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; IN-VITRO; MACROPHAGES AB In mammals, toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize ligands, including pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and respond with ligand-specific induction of genes. In this study, we establish evolutionary conservation in teleost fish of key components of the TLR-signaling pathway that act as switches for differential gene induction, including MYD88, TIRAP, TRIF, TRAF6, IRF3, and IRF7. We further explore this conservation with a molecular phylogenetic analysis of MYD88. To the extent that current genomic analysis can establish, each vertebrate has one ortholog to each of these genes. For molecular tree construction and phylogeny inference, we demonstrate a methodology for including genes with only partial primary sequences without disrupting the topology provided by the high-confidence full-length sequences. Conservation of the TLR-signaling molecules suggests that the basic program of gene regulation by the TLR-signaling pathway is conserved across vertebrates. To test this hypothesis, leukocytes from a model fish, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were stimulated with known mammalian TLR agonists including: diacylated and triacylated forms of lipoprotein, flagellin, two forms of LPS, synthetic double-stranded RNA, and two imidazoquinoline compounds (loxoribine and R848). Trout leukocytes responded in vitro to a number of these agonists with distinct patterns of cytokine expression that correspond to mammalian responses. Our results support the key prediction from our phylogenetic analyses that strong selective pressure of pathogenic microbes has preserved both TLR recognition and signaling functions during vertebrate evolution. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Roach, JC (reprint author), Inst Syst Biol, 1441 N 34th St, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM jroach@systemsbiology.org OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K08 AI056092, K08 AI056092-01, K08 AI056092-02, K08 AI056092-03] NR 52 TC 98 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1744-117X J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS D JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part D-Genomics Proteomics PD MAR PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.cbd.2005.07.003 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 047AW UT WOS:000237853200012 PM 17330145 ER PT J AU Boyd, OS AF Boyd, OS TI An efficient Matlab script to calculate heterogeneous anisotropically elastic wave propagation in three dimensions SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE seismology; synthetics; receiver function; anisotropy; finite-difference ID BENEATH; SEISMOGRAMS AB We have created a second-order finite-difference solution to the anisotropic elastic wave equation in three dimensions and implemented the solution as an efficient Matlab script. This program allows the user to generate synthetic seismograms for three-dimensional anisotropic earth structure. The code was written for teleseismic wave propagation in the 1-0.1 Hz frequency range but is of general utility and can be used at all scales of space and time. This program was created to help distinguish among various types of lithospheric structure given the uneven distribution of sources and receivers commonly utilized in passive source seismology. Several successful implementations have resulted in a better appreciation for subduction zone structure, the fate of a transform fault with depth, lithospheric delamination, and the effects of wavefield focusing and defocusing on attenuation. Companion scripts are provided which help the user prepare input to the finite-difference solution. Boundary conditions including specification of the initial wavefield, absorption and two types of reflection are available. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Boyd, OS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, MS 966,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM olboyd@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.019 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 007TN UT WOS:000234992800012 ER PT J AU Storlazzi, CD McManus, MA Logan, JB McLaughlin, BE AF Storlazzi, CD McManus, MA Logan, JB McLaughlin, BE TI Cross-shore velocity shear, eddies and heterogeneity in water column properties over fringing coral reefs: West Maui, Hawaii SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE currents; turbidity; temperature; salinity; coral reefs; shear; eddies; fronts ID PHYSICAL PROCESSES; WAVE-DRIVEN; BAY; ISLAND; SEDIMENTATION; RESUSPENSION; CIRCULATION; DISCHARGE; PATTERNS; NITROGEN AB A multi-day hydrographic Survey cruise was conducted to acquire spatially extensive, but temporally limited, high-resolution, three-dimensional measurement Of Currents, temperature, salinity and turbidity off West Maui in the summer of 2003 to better understand coastal dynamics along a complex island shoreline with coral reefs. These data complement long-term, high-resolution tide, wave, Current, temperature, salinity and turbidity measurements made at a number of fixed locations in the study area starting in 2001. Analyses of these hydrographic data, in conjunction with numerous field observations, evoke the following conceptual model of water and turbidity flux along West Maui. Wave- and wind-driven flows appear to be the primary control oil flow over shallower portions of the reefs while tidal and subtidal currents dominate flow over the outer portions of the reefs and insular shelf. When the direction of these flows counter one another, Which is quite common, they cause a Zone of cross-shore horizontal shear and often form a front, with turbid, lower-salinity water inshore of the front and clear, higher-salinity water offshore of the front. It is not clear whether these zones of high shear and fronts are file cause or the result of the location of the fore reef, but they appear to be correlated alongshore over relatively large horizontal distances (orders of kilometers). When two flows converge or when a single flow is bathymetrically steered, eddies can be generated that, in the absence of large ocean Surface waves. tend to accumulate material. Areas of higher turbidity and lower salinity tend to correlate with regions of poor coral health or the absence of well-developed reefs, Suggesting that the oceanographic processes that concentrate and/or transport nutrients, contaminants, low-salinity water or suspended sediment might strongly influence coral reef ecosystem health and sustainability. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Storlazzi, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM cstorlazzi@usgs.gov; mamc@hawaii.edu; jlogan@usgs.gov; bem@soest.hawaii.edu OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 401 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2005.12.006 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 028AM UT WOS:000236457700008 ER PT J AU Jodice, PGR Epperson, DM Visser, GH AF Jodice, PGR Epperson, DM Visser, GH TI Daily energy expenditure in free-ranging Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; DESERT TORTOISES; TERRAPENE-CAROLINA; ENERGETICS; AGASSIZII; WATER; ECOLOGY; TURTLES; FLORIDA; NEVADA AB Studies of ecological energetics in chelonians are rare. Here, we report the first measurements of daily energy expenditure (DEE) and water influx rates (WIRS) in free-ranging adult Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus). We used the doubly labeled water (DLW) method to measure DEE in six adult tortoises during the non-breeding season in south-central Mississippi, USA. Tortoise DEE ranged from 76.7-187.5 kJ/day and WIR ranged from 30.6-93.1 ml H2O/day. Daily energy expenditure did not differ between the sexes, but DEE was positively related to body mass. Water influx rates varied with the interaction of sex and body mass. We used a log/log regression model to assess the allometric relationship between DEE and body mass for Gopher Tortoises, Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii), and Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina), the only chelonians for which DEE has been measured. The slope of this allometric model (0.626) was less than that previously calculated for herbivorous reptiles (0.813), suggesting that chelonians may expend energy at a slower rate per unit of body mass compared to other herbivorous reptiles. We used retrospective power analyses and data from the DLW isotope analyses to develop guidelines for sample sizes and duration of measurement intervals, respectively, for larger-scale energetic studies in this species. C1 Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Nature Conservancy, Shelby, MS 39407 USA. Univ Groningen, Zool Lab, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. Minerals Management Serv, Environm Sci Sect, New Orleans, LA 70123 USA. RP Jodice, PGR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, G27 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM pjodice@clemson.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAR 1 PY 2006 IS 1 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1643/0045-8511(2006)006[0129:DEEIFG]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 021WU UT WOS:000236017400016 ER PT J AU Klinger, R Underwood, EC Moore, PE AF Klinger, R Underwood, EC Moore, PE TI The role of environmental gradients in non-native plant invasion into burnt areas of Yosemite National Park, California SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; community invasibility; environmental gradients; fire; invasive plants; mediterranean-type ecosystems ID MIXED CONIFER FOREST; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; VEGETATION CHANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; FIRE REGIMES; DIVERSITY; CONSEQUENCES; RESTORATION; DISTURBANCE; GRASSLAND AB Fire is known to facilitate the invasion of many non-native plant species, but how invasion into burnt areas varies along environmental gradients is not well-understood. We used two pre-existing data sets to analyse patterns of invasion by non-native plant species into burnt areas along gradients of topography, soil and vegetation structure in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. A total of 46 non-native species (all herbaceous) were recorded in the two data sets. They occurred in all seven of the major plant formations in the park, but were least common in subalpine and upper montane conifer forests. There was no significant difference in species richness or cover of non-natives between burnt and unburnt areas for either data set, and environmental gradients had a stronger effect on patterns of non-native species distribution, abundance and species composition than burning. Cover and species richness of non-natives had significant positive correlations with slope (steepness) and herbaceous cover, while species richness had significant negative correlations with elevation, the number of years post-burn, and cover of woody vegetation. Non-native species comprised a relatively minor component of the vegetation in both burnt and unburnt areas in Yosemite (percentage species = 4%, mean cover < 6.0%), and those species that did occur in burnt areas tended not to persist over time. The results indicate that in many western montane ecosystems, fire alone will not necessarily result in increased rates of invasion into burnt areas. However, it would be premature to conclude that non-native species could not affect post-fire succession patterns in these systems. Short fire-return intervals and high fire severity coupled with increased propagule pressure from areas used heavily by humans could still lead to high rates of invasion, establishment and spread even in highly protected areas such as Yosemite. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Klinger, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rcklinger@ucdavis.edu NR 91 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 139 EP 156 DI 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00203.x PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027KL UT WOS:000236414400002 ER PT J AU Crall, AW Newman, GJ Stohlgren, TJ Jarnevich, CS Evangelista, P Geuenther, D AF Crall, AW Newman, GJ Stohlgren, TJ Jarnevich, CS Evangelista, P Geuenther, D TI Evaluating dominance as a component of non-native species invasions SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; Bromus tectorum; cheatgrass; dominance; Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument; non-native species ID PLANT INVASIONS; SURFACE DISTURBANCES; COMMUNITY DIVERSITY; EXTRINSIC FACTORS; RIPARIAN ZONES; INVASIBILITY; GRASSLAND; RICHNESS; PATTERNS; PRODUCTIVITY AB Many studies have quantified plant invasions by determining patterns of non-native species establishment (i.e. richness and absolute cover). Until recently, dominance has been largely overlooked as a significant component of invasion. Therefore, we re-examined a 6-year data set of 323 0.1 ha plots within 18 vegetation types collected in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument from 1998 to 2003, including dominance (i.e. relative cover) in our analyses. We specifically focused on the non-native species Bromus tectorum, a notable dominant annual grass in this system. We found that non-native species establishment and dominance are both occurring in species-rich, mesic vegetation types. Therefore, non-native species dominance may result despite many equally abundant native species rather than a dominant few, and competitive exclusion does not seem to be a primary control on either non-native species establishment or dominance in this study. Unlike patterns observed for non-native species establishment, relative non-native species cover could not be predicted by native species richness across vegetation types (R-2 < 0.001; P = 0.45). However, non-native species richness was found to be positively correlated with relative non-native species cover and relative B. tectorum cover (R-2 = 0.46, P < 0.01; R-2 = 0.17, P < 0.01). Analyses within vegetation types revealed predominantly positive relationships among these variables for the correlations that were significant. Regression tree analyses across vegetation types that included additional biotic and abiotic variables were a little better at predicting non-native species dominance (PRE = 0.49) and B. tectorum dominance (PRE = 0.39) than at predicting establishment. Land managers will need to set priorities for control efforts on the more productive, species-rich vegetation types that appear to be susceptible to both components of invasion. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Crall, AW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mawaters@nrel.colostate.edu RI Evangelista, Paul/F-4801-2011; Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016; Newman, Greg/E-1540-2015 NR 72 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1111/J.1366-9516.2005.00228.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027KL UT WOS:000236414400007 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Kinner, DA AF Moody, JA Kinner, DA TI Spatial structures of stream and hillslope drainage networks following gully erosion after wildfire SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE channels; drainage networks; gully; hillslopes; wildfire; scaling; stream networks ID STATISTICAL SELF-SIMILARITY; DIGITAL ELEVATION DATA; CHANNEL NETWORKS; APPARENT RANDOMNESS; RIVER NETWORKS; HORTON LAWS; MORPHOLOGY; SOIL; INEVITABILITY; INFILTRATION AB The drainage networks of catchment areas burned by wildfire were analysed at several scales. The smallest scale (1-1000 m(2)) representative of hillslopes, and the small scale (1000,112 to 1 km(2)), representative of small catchments, were characterized by the analysis of field measurements. The large scale (1-1000 km(2)) representative of perennial stream networks, was derived from a 30-m digital elevation model and analysed by computer analysis. Scaling laws used to describe large-scale drainage networks could be extrapolated to the small scale but could not describe the smallest scale of drainage structures observed in the hillslope region. The hillslope drainage network appears to have a second-order effect that reduces the number of order I and order 2 streams predicted by, the large-scale channel structure. This network comprises two spatial patterns of rills with width-to-depth ratios typically less than 10. One pattern is parallel rills draining nearly planar hillslope surfaces, and the other pattern is three to six converging rills draining the critical source area uphill from an order I channel head. The magnitude of this critical area depends on infiltration, hillslope roughness and critical shear stress for erosion of sediment, all of which can be substantially altered by wildfire. Order I and 2 streams were found to constitute the interface region, which is altered by a disturbance, like wildfire, from subtle unchannelized drainages in unburned catchments to incised drainages. These drainages are characterized by gullies also with width-to-depth ratios typically less than 10 in burned catchments. The regions (hillslope, interface and channel) had different drainage network structures to collect and transfer water and sediment. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jamoody@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 319 EP 337 DI 10.1002/esp.1246 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 027WP UT WOS:000236447000005 ER PT J AU Kieffer, DS Jibson, R Rathje, EM Kelson, K AF Kieffer, D. Scott Jibson, Randy Rathje, Ellen M. Kelson, Keith TI Landslides triggered by the 2004 Niigata Ken Chuetsu, Japan, earthquake SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE; 1994 NORTHRIDGE AB The Niigata Ken Chuetsu earthquake triggered a vast number of landslides in the epicentral region. Landslide concentrations were among the highest ever measured after an earthquake, and most of the triggered landslides were relatively shallow failures parallel to the steep slope faces. The dense concentration of landslides can be attributed to steep local topography in relatively weak geologic units, adverse hydrologic conditions caused by significant antecedent rainfall, and very strong shaking. Many of the landslides could be discerned from high-resolution satellite imagery acquired immediately after the earthquake. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. William Lettis Assoc, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. RP Kieffer, DS (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, 1600 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAR PY 2006 VL 22 SU 1 BP S47 EP S73 DI 10.1193/1.2173021 PG 27 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 239KJ UT WOS:000251516900004 ER PT J AU Sperry, LJ Belnap, J Evans, RD AF Sperry, LJ Belnap, J Evans, RD TI Bromus tectorum invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an undisturbed arid grassland ecosystem SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological soil crust; Bromus tectorum; cheatgrass; ecosystem nitrogen; mineralization; nitrate leaching; nitrogen isotope; plant invasion; soil nitrogen; surface disturbance ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; LITTER QUALITY; DECOMPOSITION; CARBON; WATER; FIXATION; GRASSES; PLANTS AB The normative annual grass Bromus tectorum has successfully replaced native vegetation in many arid and semiarid ecosystems. Initial introductions accompanied grazing and agriculture, making it difficult to Separate the effects of invasion from physical disturbance. This Study examined N dynamics in two recently invaded, undisturbed vegetation associations (C-3 and C-4). The response of these communities was compared to an invaded/disturbed grassland. The invaded/disturbed communities had higher surface NH4+ input in spring, whereas there were no differences for Surface input of NO3-. Soil inorganic N was dominated by NH4+ but invaded sites had greater subsurface soil NO3-. Invaded sites had greater total soil N at the Surface four years post-invasion in undisturbed communities, but total N was lower in the invaded/disturbed communities. Soil delta N-15 increased with depth in the noninvaded and recently invaded communities, whereas the invaded/disturbed communities exhibited the opposite pattern. Enriched foliar. delta N-15 values suggest that Bromus assimilated Subsurface NO3-, whereas the native grasses were restricted to Surface N. A Rayleigh distillation model accurately described decomposition patterns in the noninvaded communities where soil N loss is accompanied by increasing soil delta N-15; however, the invaded/disturbed communities exhibited the opposite pattern, suggesting redistribution of N within the soil profile. This study suggests that invasion has altered the mechanisms driving nitrogen dynamics. Bromus litter decomposition and soil NO3- concentrations were greater in the invaded communities during periods of ample precipitation, and NO3- leached from the Surface litter, where it was assimilated by Bromus. The primary source of N input in these communities is a biological soil crust that is removed with disturbance, and the lack of N input by the biological soil crust did not balance N loss, resulting in reduced total N in the invaded/disturbed communitites. Bromus produced a positive feedback loop by leaching NO3- from decomposing Bromus litter to Subsurface soil layers, accessing that deep-soil N pool with deep roots and returning that N to the surface as biomass and subsequent litter. Lack of new inputs combined with continued loss Will result in lower total soil N, evidenced by the lower total soil N in the invaded/disturbed communities. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USGS, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sperry, LJ (reprint author), SWCA, 2820 W Charleston Blvd,St 15, Las Vegas, NV 89102 USA. EM rdevans@wsu.edu NR 59 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 6 U2 68 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 3 BP 603 EP 615 DI 10.1890/05-0836 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 025TK UT WOS:000236289600009 PM 16602290 ER PT J AU Harrison, S Grace, JB Davies, KF Safford, HD Viers, JH AF Harrison, S Grace, JB Davies, KF Safford, HD Viers, JH TI Invasion in a diversity hotspot: Exotic cover and native richness in the Californian serpentine flora SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California; diversity hotspot; endemic plants; exotic richness; invasive species; native richness; path models; SEM; serpentine flora; serpentine soils; structural equation modeling ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; ANNUAL GRASSLAND; PATH-ANALYSIS; PATTERNS; SOIL; INVASIBILITY; VARIABILITY; REFUGES AB Exotic species have been observed to be more prevalent ill sites where the richness of native species is highest, possibly reflecting variation among sites ill resources, propagule Supply, heterogeneity, or disturbance. However, Such a pattern leaves unclear whether natives at species-rich sites are Subject to especially severe impacts from exotics as a result. We considered this question using path models in which relationships between exotic cover and native richness were evaluated ill the presence of correlated environmental factors. At 109 sites on serpentine soils across California, USA, exotic cover was positively correlated with total native herbaceous richness and was negatively correlated with the richness of both serpentine-endemic and rare native herbs. However, in path models that accounted for the influences of soil chemistry, disturbance, overstory cover, and regional rainfall and elevation, we found no indication that exotic cover reduced any component of native herb richness. Rather, Our results indicated similarities and differences in the conditions favoring exotic, native, endemic, and rare species. Our results suggest that, in spite of some localized impacts, exotic species are not exerting a detectable overall effect on the community richness of the unique native flora of Californian serpentine. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Harrison, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM spharrison@ucdavis.edu OI /0000-0001-7957-7942 NR 47 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 3 BP 695 EP 703 DI 10.1890/05-0778 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 025TK UT WOS:000236289600018 PM 16602299 ER PT J AU Tewksbury, JJ Garner, L Garner, S Lloyd, JD Saab, V Martin, TE AF Tewksbury, JJ Garner, L Garner, S Lloyd, JD Saab, V Martin, TE TI Tests of landscape influence: Nest predation and brood parasitism in fragmented ecosystems SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brood parasitism; buffer; Dendroica petechia; fragmentation; nest predation; riparian woodlands ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; WESTERN LANDSCAPE; RIPARIAN FORESTS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; BREEDING BIRDS; SONGBIRDS; SURVIVAL; SCALE AB The effects of landscape fragmentation oil nest predation and brood parasitism, the two primary Causes of avian reproductive failure, have been difficult to generalize across landscapes, yet few Studies have clearly considered the context and spatial scale of: fragmentation. Working in two river systems fragmented by agricultural and rural-housing development, we tracked nesting Success and brood parasitism in > 2500 bird nests in 38 patches of deciduous riparian woodland. Patches oil both river Systems were embedded in one of two local contexts (buffered from agriculture by coniferous forest, or adjacent to agriculture), but the abundance of agriculture and human habitation within 1 km of each patch was highly variable. We examined evidence for three models of landscape effects oil nest predation based on (1) the relative importance of generalist agricultural nest predators, (2) predators associated with the natural habitats typically removed by agricultural development, or (3) an additive combination of: these two predator communities. We found strong support for all additive predation model in which landscape features affect nest predation differently at different spatial scales. Riparian habitat with forest buffers had higher nest predation rates than sites adjacent to agriculture, but nest predation also increased with increasing agriculture in the larger landscape Surrounding each site. These results suggest that predators living in remnant woodland buffers, as well as generalist nest predators associated with agriculture, affect nest predation rates, but they appear to respond at different spatial scales. Brood parasitism, in Contrast, Was unrelated to agricultural abundance oil the landscape, but showed a strong nonlinear relationship with farm and house density, indicating a critical point at which increased human habitat Causes increased brood parasitism. Accurate predictions regarding landscape effects oil nest predation and brood parasitism will require an increased appreciation of the multiple scales at which landscape components influence predator and parasite behavior. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Farmerville, LA 71241 USA. Ecostudies Inst, Estacata, OR 97032 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Montana, USGS Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Tewksbury, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, 106 Kincaid Hall,Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tewksjj@u.washington.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 47 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 6 U2 57 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 3 BP 759 EP 768 DI 10.1890/04-1790 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 025TK UT WOS:000236289600023 PM 16602304 ER PT J AU Slack, JF AF Slack, John F. TI High REE and Y concentrations in Co-Cu-Au ores of the Blackbird district Idaho SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COBALT BELT; EXPLORATION; DEPOSITS AB Analysis of 11 samples of strata-bound Co-Cu-Au ore from the Blackbird district in Idaho shows previously unknown high concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) and Y, averaging 0.53 wt percent Sigma REE + Y oxides. Scanning electron microscopy indicates REE and Y residence in monazite, xenotime, and allanite that form complex intergrowths with cobaltite, suggesting coeval Co and REE + Y mineralization during the Mesoproterozoic. Occurrence of high REE and Y concentrations in the Blackbird ores, together with previously docmuented saline-rich fluid inclusions and Cl-rich biotite, suggest that these are not volcanogenic massive sulfide or sedimentary exhalative deposits but instead are iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits. Other strata-bound Co deposits of Proterozoic age in the North American Cordillera and elsewhere in the world may have otential for REE and Y resources. IOCC deposits with abundant light REE should also be evaluated for possible unrecognized heavy BEE and Y mineralization. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Slack, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jfslack@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 101 IS 2 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.2113/gsecongeo.101.2.275 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 064CV UT WOS:000239067700001 ER PT J AU Kolak, JJ Burruss, RC AF Kolak, JJ Burruss, RC TI Geochemical investigation of the potential for mobilizing non-methane hydrocarbons during carbon dioxide storage in deep coal beds SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID OIL; SEQUESTRATION; EXTRACTION; GAS; SOLUBILITIES; PETROLEUM; METHANE; SOLIDS; ROCKS; BASIN AB Coal samples of different rank (lignite to anthracite) were extracted in the laboratory with supercritical CO2 (40 degrees C; 10 MPa) to evaluate the potential for mobilizing non-methane hydrocarbons during CO2 storage (sequestration) or enhanced coal bed methane recovery from deep (similar to 1-km depth) coal beds. The total measured alkane concentrations mobilized from the coal samples ranged from 3.0 to 64 g tonne(-1) of dry coal. The highest alkane concentration was measured in the lignite sample extract; the lowest was measured in the anthracite sample extract. Substantial concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also mobilized from these samples: 3.1-91 g tonne(-1) of dry coal. The greatest amounts of PAHs were mobilized from the high-volatile bituminous coal samples. The distributions of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons mobilized from the coal samples also varied with rank. In general, these variations mimicked the chemical changes that occur with increasing degrees of coalification and thermal maturation. For example, the amount of PAHs mobilized from coal samples paralleled the general trend of bitumen formation with increasing coal rank. The coal samples yielded hydrocarbons during consecutive extractions with supercritical CO2, although the amount of hydrocarbons mobilized declined with each successive extraction. These results demonstrate that the potential for supercritical CO2 to mobilize non-methane hydrocarbons from coal beds, and the effect of coal rank on this process, are important to consider when evaluating deep coal beds for CO2 storage. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kolak, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 915A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jkolak@usgs.gov OI Kolak, Jonathan/0000-0003-2981-9522 NR 36 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 566 EP 574 DI 10.1021/ef050040u PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 024BA UT WOS:000236168700020 ER PT J AU Carl, LM McGuiness, F AF Carl, LM McGuiness, F TI Lake whitefish and lake herring population structure and niche in ten south-central Ontario lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE catch per unit effort; diet; size at age; bet-hedging ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; FISH COMMUNITIES; PREDATION; OPEONGO; BURBOT AB This study compares simple fish communities of ten oligotrophic lakes in south-central Ontario. Species densities and population size structure vary significantly among these lake communities depending on fish species present beyond the littoral zone. Lake whitefish are fewer and larger in the presence of lake herring than in their absence. Diet analysis indicates that lake whitefish shift from feeding on both plankton and benthic prey when lake herring are absent to a primarily benthic feeding niche in the presence of lake herring. When benthic round whitefish are present, lake whitefish size and density decline and they move lower in the lake compared to round whitefish. Burbot are also fewer and larger in lakes with lake herring than in lakes without herring. Burbot, in turn, appear to influence the population structure of benthic coregonine species. Lower densities of benthic lake whitefish and round whitefish are found in lakes containing large benthic burbot than in lakes with either small burbot or where burbot are absent. Predation on the pelagic larvae of burbot and lake whitefish by planktivorous lake herring alters the size and age structure of these populations. As life history theory predicts, those species with poor larval survival appear to adopt a bet-hedging life history strategy of long-lived individuals as a reproductive reserve. C1 Trent Univ, Minist Nat Resources, Harkness Lab Fisheries Lab, Aquat Res & Dev Sect, Peterborough, ON, Canada. RP Carl, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM lcarl@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2006 VL 75 IS 3 BP 315 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-0030-4 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 039FW UT WOS:000237292400006 ER PT J AU Rostad, CE AF Rostad, CE TI Differentiation of commercial fuels based on polar components using negative electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article DE hydrocarbon fuels; electrospray ionization; mass spectrometry ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HEAVY PETROLEUM; FULVIC-ACID; IDENTIFICATION; RESOLUTION AB Polar components in fuels may enable differentiation between fuel types or commercial fuel sources. A range of commercial fuels from numerous sources were analyzed by flow injection analysis/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry without extensive sample preparation, separation, or chromatography. This technique enabled screening for unique polar components at parts per million levels in commercial hydrocarbon products, including a range of products from a variety of commercial sources and locations. Because these polar compounds are unique in different fuels, their presence may provide source information on hydrocarbons released into the environment. This analysis was then applied to mixtures of various products, as might be found in accidental releases into the environment. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Rostad, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 408,Bldg 95, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM cerostad@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD MAR PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.1080/15275920500351684 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 032LD UT WOS:000236775000002 ER PT J AU Byappanahalli, MN Whitman, RL Shively, DA Sadowsky, MJ Ishii, S AF Byappanahalli, MN Whitman, RL Shively, DA Sadowsky, MJ Ishii, S TI Population structure, persistence, and seasonality of autochthonous Escherichia coli in temperate, coastal forest soil from a Great Lakes watershed SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FECAL INDICATOR ORGANISMS; SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; NEARSHORE WATER; MICHIGAN BEACH; BACTERIA; ENTEROCOCCI; SAND; SEDIMENTS; SURVIVAL; VARIABILITY AB The common occurrence of Escherichia coli in temperate soils has previously been reported, however, there are few studies to date to characterize its source, distribution, persistent capability and genetic diversity. In this study, undisturbed, forest soils within six randomly selected 0.5 m(2) exclosure plots (covered by netting of 2.3 mm(2) mesh size) were monitored from March to October 2003 for E. coli in order to describe its numerical and population characteristics. Culturable E. coli occurred in 88% of the samples collected, with overall mean counts of 16 MPN g(-1), ranging from < 1 to 1657 (n = 66). Escherichia coli counts did not correlate with substrate moisture content, air, or soil temperatures, suggesting that seasonality were not a strong factor in population density control. Mean E. coli counts in soil samples (n = 60) were significantly higher inside than immediately outside the exclosures; E. coli distribution within the exclosures was patchy. Repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (Rep-PCR) demonstrated genetic heterogeneity of E. coli within and among exclosure sites, and the soil strains were genetically distinct from animal (E. coli) strains tested (i.e. gulls, terns, deer and most geese). These results suggest that E. coli can occur and persist for extended periods in undisturbed temperate forest soils independent of recent allochthonous input and season, and that the soil E. coli populations formed a cohesive phylogenetic group in comparison to the set of fecal strains with which they were compared. Thus, in assessing E. coli sources within a stream, it is important to differentiate background soil loadings from inputs derived from animal and human fecal contamination. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Byappanahalli, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM byappan@usgs.gov RI Ishii, Satoshi/C-7000-2012; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; OI Ishii, Satoshi/0000-0003-3600-9165; Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X NR 39 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3 BP 504 EP 513 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00916.x PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 012ID UT WOS:000235330900013 PM 16478456 ER PT J AU Presto, MK Ogston, AS Storlazzi, CD Field, ME AF Presto, MK Ogston, AS Storlazzi, CD Field, ME TI Temporal and spatial variability in the flow and dispersal of suspended-sediment on a fringing reef flat, Molokai, Hawaii SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; turbidity; terrigenous sediments; trade winds; coral reefs; Hawaii ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CORAL-REEFS; SOUTHERN MOLOKAI; WAVE-DRIVEN; ROUGHNESS; RESPONSES; MORPHOLOGY; ORGANISMS; AUSTRALIA; PATTERNS AB A multi-year study was conducted on a shallow fringing reef flat on Molokai, Hawaii to determine the temporal and spatial dispersal patterns of terrigenous suspended sediment. During this study, trade-wind conditions existed for the majority of the year on the reef flat. The trade-wind conditions produced strong currents and resuspended moderate amounts of sediment on the reef flat on a daily basis during the year of study, resulting in an overwhelming contribution to the total sediment flux. The magnitude and direction of the trade winds relative to the orientation of the coastline, the shallow-relief and broad morphology, and tidal elevation, provided the primary control of the physical processes that resuspended and transported sediment on the reef flat over the period of record. Spatial data indicate that much of the terrigenous sediment resuspended on the reef flat is transported predominantly alongshore and is confined to the inner- to mid-reef flat. Evidence for the limited across-shore mixing and transport is provided by the dominantly alongshore wind-driven currents during trade-wind conditions and the well-defined across-shore gradient in percentage calcium carbonate of the suspended sediment. Regions of slightly offshore suspended-sediment transport along the reef flat can be attributed to the circulation pattern set up by the interaction between the trade winds, coastal morphology, and anthropogenic coastal structures (i.e., fish ponds and wharf). The regions in which sediment were seen to move offshore provide the strongest link between the sediment dynamics on reef flat and fore reef, and qualitatively appears to be correlated with low coral coverage on the fore reef. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Presto, MK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kpresto@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.10.015 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 019RK UT WOS:000235854200006 ER PT J AU Majzlan, J Navrotsky, A McCleskey, RB Alpers, CN AF Majzlan, J Navrotsky, A McCleskey, RB Alpers, CN TI Thermodynamic properties and crystal structure refinement of ferricopiapite, coquimbite, rhomboclase, and Fe-2(SO4)(3)(H2O)(5) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY LA English DT Article DE copiapite; coquimbite; rhomboclase; sulfate minerals; thermodynamics; crystal structure ID HCL-FECL3-H2O SOLUTION SYSTEMS; IRON-SULFATE MINERALS; RELATIVE STABILITY; SOLUTE ACTIVITIES; GAMMA-FEOOH; X-RAY; WATER; ACID; MOUNTAIN; JAROSITE AB Enthalpies of formation of ferricopiapite [nominally Fe-4.67(SO4)(6)(OH)(2)(H2O)(20)] coquimbite [Fe-2(SO4)(3)(H2O)(9)], rhomboclase [(H3O)Fe(SO4)(2)(H2O)(3)], and Fe-2(SO4)3(H2O)(5) were measured by acid (5 N HCl) solution calorimetry. The samples were characterized by wet chemical analyses and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The refinement of XRD patterns gave lattice parameters, atomic positions, thermal factors, and occupancies of the sites. The calculated formulae differ slightly from the nominal compositions: Fe-4.78(SO4)(6) (OH)(2.34)(H2O)(20.71) (ferricopiapite), (Fe1.47Al0.53)(SO4)(3)(H2O)(9.65) (coquimbite), (H3O)(1.34)Fe(SO4)(2.17) (H2O)(3.06) (rhomboclase), and Fe-2(SO4)(3)(H2O)(5.03). All thermodynamic data are given per mole of these formulae. The measured standard enthalpies (in kJ/mol) of formation from the elements (crystalline Fe, Al, S, and ideal gases O-2 and H-2) at T = 298.15 K are -4115.8 +/- 4.1 [Fe-2(SO4)(3)(H2O)(5.03)], -12045.1 +/- 9.2 (ferricopiapite), -5738.4 +/- 3.3 (coquimbite), and -3201.1 +/- 2.6 (rhomboclase). Standard entropy (S') was estimated as a sum of entropies of oxide, hydroxide, and sulfate components. The estimated S' (in J/mol.K) values for the iron sulfates are 488.2 [Fe-2(SO4)(3)(H2O)(5.03)], 1449.2 (ferricopiapite), 638.3 (coquimbite), and 380.1 (rhomboclase). The calculated Gibbs free energies of formation (in kJ/mol) are -3499.7 +/- 4.2 [Fe-2(SO4)(3)(H2O)(5.03)], -10089.8 +/- 9.3 (ferricopiapite), -4845.6 +/- 3.3 (coquimbite), and -2688.0 +/- 2.7 (rhomboclase). These results combined with other available thermodynamic data allow construction of mineral stability diagrams in the Fe-2(III)(SO4)(3)-(FeSO4)-S-II-H2O system. One such diagram is provided, indicating that the order of stability of ferric sulfate minerals with decreasing pH in the range of 1.5 to -0.5 is: hydronium jarosite, ferricopiapite, and rhomboclase. C1 Univ Freiburg, Inst Mineral Petrol & Geochem, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Majzlan, J (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Inst Mineral Petrol & Geochem, Albertstr 23B, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM Juraj.Majzlan@minpet.uni-freiburg.de OI McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052 NR 54 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 21 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0935-1221 J9 EUR J MINERAL JI Eur. J. Mineral. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0175 PG 12 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 043QM UT WOS:000237616400004 ER PT J AU Donoghue, PCJ Kouchinsky, A Waloszek, D Bengtson, S Dong, XP Val'kov, AK Cunningham, JA Repetski, JE AF Donoghue, PCJ Kouchinsky, A Waloszek, D Bengtson, S Dong, XP Val'kov, AK Cunningham, JA Repetski, JE TI Fossilized embryos are widespread but the record is temporally and taxonomically biased SO EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SOFT-BODIED FOSSILS; ANIMAL EMBRYOS; SOUTHERN SHAANXI; 3-DIMENSIONAL PRESERVATION; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; DOUSHANTUO FORMATION; CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION; SHELLY FOSSILS; BODY PLANS; CHINA AB We report new discoveries of embryos and egg capsules from the Lower Cambrian of Siberia, Middle Cambrian of Australia and Lower Ordovician of North America. Together with existing records, embryos have now been recorded from four of the seven continents. However, the new discoveries highlight secular and systematic biases in the fossil record of embryonic stages. The temporal window within which the embryos and egg capsules are found is of relatively short duration; it ends in the Early Ordovician and is roughly coincident with that of typical "Orsten"-type faunas. The reduced occurrence of such fossils has been attributed to reducing levels of phosphate in marine waters during the early Paleozoic, but may also be owing to the increasing depth of sediment mixing by infaunal metazoans. Furthermore, most records younger than the earliest Cambrian are of a single kind-large eggs and embryos of the priapulid-like scalidophoran Markuelia. We explore alternative explanations for the low taxonomic diversity of embryos recovered thus far, including sampling, size, anatomy, ecology, and environment, concluding that the preponderance of Markuelia embryos is due to its precocious development of cuticle at an embryonic stage, predisposing it to preservation through action as a substrate on which microbially mediated precipitation of authigenic calcium phosphate may occur. The fossil record of embryos may be limited to a late Neoproterozoic to early Ordovician snapshot that is subject to dramatic systematic bias. Together, these biases must be considered seriously in attempts to use the fossil record to arbitrate between hypotheses of developmental and life history evolution implicated in the origin of metazoan clades. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Palaeozool, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Ulm, Sect Biosystemat Documentat, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Geol Diamonds & Noble Met, Yakutsk 677891, Russia. Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Donoghue, PCJ (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. EM phil.donoghue@bristol.ac.uk RI Donoghue, Philip/A-3873-2008; Koroleva, Olga/C-1306-2012; Dong, Xi-ping/N-5741-2014; OI Dong, Xi-ping/0000-0001-5917-7159; Bengtson, Stefan/0000-0003-0206-5791; Donoghue, Philip/0000-0003-3116-7463 NR 65 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1520-541X EI 1525-142X J9 EVOL DEV JI Evol. Dev. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 8 IS 2 BP 232 EP 238 DI 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2006.00093.x PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 015HE UT WOS:000235541700013 PM 16509901 ER PT J AU Bettoli, PW Scholten, GD AF Bettoli, PW Scholten, GD TI Bycatch rates and initial mortality of paddlefish in a commercial gillnet fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE paddlefish; gillnet; bycatch mortality; bycatch rate; monofilament; multifilament ID SEAWATER TEMPERATURE; NET; MANAGEMENT; POPULATION; DISCARDS; EXPOSURE; RIVER; AIR AB Tennessee is one of seven states in the U.S. that allows commercial fishing for paddlefish, Polyodon spathula. Although there is a small market for the flesh, most fishers target paddlefish for their valuable roe, which currently brings as much as US$143/kg wholesale. We deployed experimental monofilament and multifilament gillnets in Kentucky Lake, Tennessee-Kentucky, and accompanied commercial gillnet fishers during the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 commercial fishing seasons (November 15 to April 23) to estimate the bycatch of sublegal (<864 mm eye-fork length) paddlefish, legal males, and legal, but immature, females. Variation in initial mortality (i.e., dead in the nets) was modeled as a function of mesh size, fish length, water temperature, soak time, and twine type using multiple logistic regression. The bycatch rate of sublegal fish in the commercial catch was 60%. Mature females represented only 8% of the catch; thus, the bycatch rate was 92% for fishers targeting egg-laden fish. Most (71%) of the paddlefish were dead in the nets when water temperatures exceeded 17 degrees C. Mesh size and fish length were not significant (P >= 0.098) predictors of initial mortality. The probability of initial mortality was significantly (P >= 0.004) and directly related to soak time and water temperature and fish were more likely to be dead in monofilament nets than multifilament nets. The results of this research prompted the state regulatory authority to end the commercial season 8 days sooner (on April 15 each year) to avoid warm water temperatures; however, a proposed ban on monofilament netting met with stiff opposition from commercial fishing interests and the ban was not enacted. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, Nashville, TN 37204 USA. RP Bettoli, PW (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, 205 Pennebaker Hall, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM pbettoli@tntech.edu; george.scholten@state.tn.us NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 77 IS 3 BP 343 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2005.11.008 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 022YO UT WOS:000236092300010 ER PT J AU Wang, X Burns, DA Yanai, RD Briggs, RD Germain, RH AF Wang, X Burns, DA Yanai, RD Briggs, RD Germain, RH TI Changes in stream chemistry and nutrient export following a partial harvest in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stream water quality; nitrate; base cation; northern hardwood forest; partial cut ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; NITROGEN SATURATION; HARDWOOD FORESTS; WHOLE-TREE; ECOSYSTEM; ACIDIFICATION; RETENTION; CALCIUM; RATES AB Clearcut forest harvesting typically results in large changes in stream water chemistry in northeastern North America. The effects of partial forest harvests on stream chemistry have not received as much attention, even though partial cutting is a more common forestry practice than clearcutting in this region. Changes in stream water chemistry following a partial cut are reported here from a 10 ha study catchment in a northern hardwood forest in the Catskill Mountains of southern New York, and are compared to those of a nearby 48 ha reference catchment. The lower two thirds of the treatment catchment was harvested in February-April 2002 by a shelterwood method, such that 33% of the basal area of the catchment was removed. Stream NO3-, NH4+, Ca-2(+), K+, and total dissolved aluminum (Al-to) concentrations increased significantly after the harvest. Stream Ca2+, Mg2+ and NH4+ concentrations peaked 5 months after the initiation of the harvest, NO3- and K+ concentrations peaked 6 months after cutting, and Al-to concentrations peaked 1 year after cutting. Streamflow was not significantly affected by the harvest when compared to the flow of three nearby streams. Export of NO3- in stream water increased five-fold the year after the cut, and briefly exceeded atmospheric inputs of inorganic nitrogen during 4 months in the fall of 2002. Changes in stream NO3- and K+ concentrations were less than predicted by the relative basal area removed compared with those of a recent nearby clearcut. In contrast, changes in Ca-2(+), Mg-2(+) and Al-to concentrations were approximately proportional to basal area removal in these two cuts. Stream chemistry returned to values close to those of the pre-cut period and to reference values by early spring of 2003, just over a year after the initiation of the harvest, except for NO3- concentrations, which remained elevated above background 18-20 months after completion of the cut. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Burns, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM daburns@usgs.gov RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009 NR 50 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 223 IS 1-3 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.060 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 018QQ UT WOS:000235780300011 ER PT J AU Scott, JM Rachlow, JL AF Scott, JM Rachlow, JL TI Science, policy and scientists SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83344 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83344 USA. Univ Idaho, Ctr Res Invas Species & Small Populat, Moscow, ID 83344 USA. RP Scott, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83344 USA. EM mscott@uidaho.edu NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 4 IS 2 BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021JM UT WOS:000235979500017 ER PT J AU Hu, J Zheng, BS Finkelman, RB Wang, BB Wang, MS Li, SH Wu, DS AF Hu, J Zheng, BS Finkelman, RB Wang, BB Wang, MS Li, SH Wu, DS TI Concentration and distribution of sixty-one elements in coals from DPR Korea SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE DPR Korea; coals; elements; concentration; distribution ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; GUIZHOU PROVINCE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; CHINESE COALS; ASIA AB Fifty coal samples (28 anthracite and 22 lignites) were collected from both main and small coal mines in DPR Korea prioritized by resource distribution and coal production. The concentrations of 61 elements in 50 coal samples were determined by several multielement and element-specific techniques, including inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ion chromatogram, (IC), cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS), and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS). The ranges, arithmetic means and geometric means of concentrations of these elements are presented. A comparison with crustal abundances (Clarke values) shows that some potentially hazardous elements in the coals of DPR Korea are highly enriched Li, B, S, Cl, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sn, Sb, W, Te, Hg, Ag, Pb, and La, Ce, Dy, Tm, Ge, Mo, Cs, Tl, Bi, Th and U are moderately enriched. A comparison of ranges and means of elemental concentrations in DPR Korea, Chinese, and world coals shows the ranges of most elements in DPR Korea coals are very close to the ranges of world coals. Arithmetic means of most elements in DPR Korea coals are close to that of American coals. Most elements arithmetic means are higher in Jurassic and Paleogene coals than coals of other ages. In DPR Korea coals, only seven elements in early Permian coals are higher than other periods: Li, Zn, Se, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Bi. Only five elements B, As, Sr, Mo, W in Neogene coals have arithmetic means higher than others. SiO2 and Al2O3 in ashes are more than 70% except six samples. The correlation between ash yields and major elements from high to low is in the order of Si > Al > Ti > K > Mg > Fe > Na > Ca > P > S. Most elements have high positive correlation with ash (r > 0.5) and show high inorganic affinity. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CAS, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, Peoples R China. CAS, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Nanchang Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, Peoples R China. RP Hu, J (reprint author), CAS, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guanshui Rd 43, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, Peoples R China. EM hujun79@126.com NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 85 IS 5-6 BP 679 EP 688 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2005.08.037 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 004PO UT WOS:000234764900012 ER PT J AU Poppe, LJ Foster, DS Danforth, WW AF Poppe, LJ Foster, DS Danforth, WW TI Character and distribution of exposed glaciodeltaic deposits off outer Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and their effects on hydrogeology and benthic habitats SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Seabed outcrops of glaciodeltaic sediments were identified in four places east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, during seismic-reflection, multibeam bathymetric and backscatter, bottom photographic, and sediment sampling surveys. These strata record coarser-grained ice-proximal glaciofluvial topset to finer-grained distal glaciolacustrine bottomset deposition within deltaic systems that prograded southwestward into glacial lakes from the South Channel lobe about 18 ka B.P. These beds are important because they (1) influence the outer Cape's hydrogeologic framework, and (2) constitute relatively stable, locally rough habitats within an area of seafloor dominated by mobile sand and gravelly sediment, and benefit the benthic fauna by providing shelter and a substrate amenable to burrow construction. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Poppe, LJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lpoppe@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s00367-005-0015-x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 015JB UT WOS:000235546600007 ER PT J AU Wynn, JG Harden, JW Fries, TL AF Wynn, JG Harden, JW Fries, TL TI Stable carbon isotope depth profiles and soil organic carbon dynamics in the lower Mississippi Basin SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE soil organic carbon; carbon isotope; carbon cycle; decomposition; depth ID VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; FOREST SOILS; GRASSLAND SOILS; MATTER; DECOMPOSITION; C-13; FRACTIONATION; DELTA-C-13; VEGETATION; DISCRIMINATION AB Analysis of depth trends of C-13 abundance in soil organic matter and of C-13 abundance from soil-respired CO2 provides useful indications of the dynamics of the terrestrial carbon cycle and of paleoecological change. We measured depth trends of C-13 abundance from cropland and control pairs of soils in the lower Mississippi Basin, as well as the C-13 abundance of soil-respired CO, produced during approximately 1-year soil incubation, to determine the role of several candidate processes on the C-13 depth profile of soil organic matter. Depth profiles of C-13 from uncultivated control soils show a strong relationship between the natural logarithm of soil organic carbon concentration and its isotopic composition, consistent with a model Rayleigh distillation of C-13 in decomposing soil due to kinetic fractionation during decomposition. Laboratory incubations showed that initially respired CO, had a relatively constant C-13 content, despite large differences in the C-13 content of bulk soil organic matter. Initially respired CO2 was consistently C-13-depleted with respect to bulk soil and became increasingly C-13-depleted during I-year, consistent with the hypothesis of accumulation of C-13 in the products of microbial decomposition, but showing increasing decomposition of C-13-depleted stable organic components during decomposition without input of fresh biomass. We use the difference between C-13/C-12 ratios (calculated as delta-values) between respired CO2 and bulk soil organic carbon as an index of the degree of decomposition of soil, showing trends which are consistent with trends of C-14 activity, and with results of a two-pooled kinetic decomposition rate model describing CO2 production data recorded during 1 year of incubation. We also observed inconsistencies with the Rayleigh distillation model in paired cropland soils and reasons for these inconsistencies are discussed. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wynn, JG (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Geog & Geosci, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland. EM jonathan.wynn@st-andrews.ac.uk; jharden@usgs.gov; tfries@usgs.gov RI Wynn, Jonathan/C-1646-2010 NR 50 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD MAR PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.03.005 PG 21 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 016VU UT WOS:000235649800007 ER PT J AU Bruhn, RL Haeussler, PJ AF Bruhn, RL Haeussler, PJ TI Deformation driven by subduction and microplate collision: Geodynamics of Cook Inlet basin, Alaska SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE tectonics; structural geology; Alaska; faulting and folding; convergent plate margin ID CASTLE MOUNTAIN FAULT; WILLIAM-SOUND EARTHQUAKE; NORTH-AMERICAN PLATE; SOUTHERN ALASKA; ANALOG MODELS; WRENCH FAULT; STRIKE-SLIP; TECTONICS; SEISMICITY; PACIFIC AB Late Neogene and younger deformation in Cook Inlet basin is caused by dextral transpression in the plate margin of southcentral Alaska. Collision and subduction of the Yakutat microplate at the northeastern end of the Aleutian subduction zone is driving the accretionary complex of the Chugach and Kenai Mountains toward the Alaska Range on the opposite side of the basin. This deformation creates belts of fault-cored anticlines that are prolific traps of hydrocarbons anti are also potential sources for damaging earthquakes. The faults dip steeply, extend into the Mesozoic basement beneath the Tertiary basin fill, and form conjugate flower structures at some localities. Comparing the geometry of the natural faults and folds with analog models created in a sandbox deformation apparatus suggests that some of the faults accommodate significant dextral as well as reverse-slip motion. We develop a tectonic model in which dextral shearing and horizontal shortening of the basin is driven by microplate collision with an additional component of thrust-type strain caused by plate subduction. This model predicts temporally fluctuating stress fields that are coupled to the recurrence intervals of large-magnitude subduction zone earthquakes. The maximum principal compressive stress is oriented east-southeast to east-northeast with nearly vertical least compressive stress when the basin's lithosphere is mostly decoupled from the underlying subduction megathrust. This stress tensor is compatible with principal stresses inferred from focal mechanisms of earthquakes that occur within the crust beneath Cook Inlet basin. Locking of the megathrust between great magnitude earthquakes may cause the maximum principal compressive stress to rotate toward the northwest. Moderate dipping faults that strike north to northeast may be optimally oriented for rupture in the ambient stress field, but steeply dipping faults within the cores of some anticlines are unfavorably oriented with respect to both modeled and observed stress fields, suggesting that elevated fluid pressure may he required to trigger fault rupture. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM rlbruhn@mines.utah.edu OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 88 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3-4 BP 289 EP 303 DI 10.1130/B25672.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 021DC UT WOS:000235962700003 ER PT J AU Owen, LA Caffee, MW Bovard, KR Finkel, RC Sharma, MC AF Owen, LA Caffee, MW Bovard, KR Finkel, RC Sharma, MC TI Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating of the oldest glacial successions in the Himalayan orogen: Ladakh Range, northern India SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide; surface exposure dating; Transhimalaya; glacial geology; geochronology; Ladakh ID LATE QUATERNARY GLACIATIONS; PRODUCTION-RATES; NORTHWESTERN HIMALAYA; MOUNT EVEREST; ARABIAN SEA; SLIP RATES; BE-10; PAKISTAN; MONSOON; MORAINES AB Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating of moraine boulders and alluvial fan sediments define the timing of five glacial advances over at least the last five glacial cycles in the Ladakh Range of the Transhirnalaya. The glacial stages that have been identified are: the Indus Valley glacial stage, dated at older than 430 ka; the Leh glacial stage occurring in the penultiniate glacial cycle or older; the Kar glacial stage, occurring during the early part of the last glacial cycle; the Bazgo glacial stage, at its maximum during the middle of the last glacial cycle, and the early Holocene Khalling glacial stage. The exposure ages of the Indus Valley moraines are the oldest observed to date throughout the Himalayan orogen. We observe a pattern of progressively more restricted glaciation during the last five glacial cycles., likely indicating a progressive reduction in the moisture supply necessary to sustain glaciation. A possible explanation is that uplift of Himalayan ranges to the south and/or of the Karakoram Mountains to the west of the region may have effectively blocked moisture supply by the south Asian summer monsoon and mid-latitude westerlies, respectively. Alternatively, this pattern of glaciation may reflect a trend of progressively less extensive glaciation in mountain regions that has been observed globally throughout the Pleistocene. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, PRIME, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Ctr Study Reg Dev, New Delhi 110067, India. RP Owen, LA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM lewis.owen@uc.edu RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 57 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3-4 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1130/B25750.1 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 021DC UT WOS:000235962700009 ER PT J AU Duffield, W Riggs, N Kaufman, D Champion, D Fenton, C Forman, S McIntosh, W Hereford, R Plescia, J Ort, M AF Duffield, W Riggs, N Kaufman, D Champion, D Fenton, C Forman, S McIntosh, W Hereford, R Plescia, J Ort, M TI Multiple constraints on the age of a Pleistocene lava dam across the Little Colorado River at Grand Falls, Arizona SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Grand Falls lava dam; Quaternary; Ar-40/Ar-39; He-3; magnetic secular variation; infrared luminescence ID FRANCISCO VOLCANIC FIELD; HE-3 PRODUCTION-RATES; COSMOGENIC HE-3; UNITED-STATES; CANYON; FLOWS; LUMINESCENCE; AR-40/AR-39; BASALT; IDAHO AB The Grand Falls basalt lava How in northern Arizona was emplaced in late Pleistocene time. It flowed 10 km from its vent area to the Little Colorado River, where it cascaded into and filled a 65-m-deep canyon to form the Grand Falls lava claim. Lava continued similar to 25 km downstream and similar to 1 km onto the far rim beyond where the canyon was filled. Subsequent fluvial sedimentation filled the reservoir behind the claim, and eventually the river established a channel along the margin of the lava flow to the site where water falls back into the pre-cruption canyon. The ca. 150 ka age of the Grand Falls flow provided by whole-rock K-Ar analysis in the 1970s is inconsistent with the preservation of centimeter-scale How-top features on the surface of the flow and the near absence of physical and chemical weathering on the flow downstream of the falls. The buried Little Colorado River channel and the present-day channel are at nearly the same elevation, indicating that very little, if any, regional downcutting has occurred since emplacement of the flow. Newly applied dating techniques better define the age of the lava dam. Infrared-stimulated luminescence dating of silty mudstone baked by the lava yielded an age of 19.6 +/- 1.2 ka. Samples from three noneroded or slightly eroded outcrops at the top of the lava flow yielded He-3 cosmogenic ages of 16 +/- 1 ka, 17 +/- 1 ka, and 20 +/- 1 ka. A mean age of 8 +/- 19 ka was obtained from averaging four samples using the Ar-40/ Ar-39 step-heating method. Finally, paleomagnetic directions in lava samples from two sites at Grand Falls and one at the vent area are nearly identical and match the curve of magnetic secular variation at ca. 15 ka, 19 ka, 23 ka, and 28 ka. We conclude that the Grand Falls flow was emplaced at ca. 20 ka. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Riggs, N (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM nancy.riggs@nau.edu RI Fenton, Cassandra/B-8928-2012; Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008; OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414; Fenton, Cassandra/0000-0002-2989-3629 NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3-4 BP 421 EP 429 DI 10.1130/B25814.1 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 021DC UT WOS:000235962700012 ER PT J AU Grocke, DR Ludvigson, GA Witzke, BL Robinson, SA Joeckel, RM Ufnar, DF Ravn, RL AF Grocke, DR Ludvigson, GA Witzke, BL Robinson, SA Joeckel, RM Ufnar, DF Ravn, RL TI Recognizing the Albian-Cenomanian (OAE1d) sequence boundary using plant carbon isotopes: Dakota Formation, Western Interior Basin, USA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oceanic anoxic event; carbon isotopes; plants; sequence boundary; Albian-Cenomanian; middle Cretaceous ID LEVEL CHANGE; SEA-LEVEL; STRATIGRAPHY; RECOGNITION; SIGNALS AB Analysis of bulk sedimentary organic matter and charcoal from an Allbian-Cenomanian fluvial-estuarine succession (Dakota Formation) at Rose Creek Pit (RCP), Nebraska, reveals a negative excursion of similar to 3 parts per thousand in late Albian strata. Overlying Cenomanian strata have delta(13)C values of -24 parts per thousand to -23 parts per thousand that are similar to pre-excursion values. The absence of an intervening positive excursion (as exists in marine records of the Allbian-Cenomanian boundary) likely results from a depositional hiatus. The corresponding positive delta(13)C event and proposed depositional hiatus are concordant with a regionally identified sequence boundary in the Dakota Formation (D(2)), as well as a major regressive phase throughout the globe at the Allbian-Cenomanian boundary. Data from RCP confirm suggestions that some positive carbon-isotope excursions in the geologic record are coincident with regressive sea-level phases. We estimate using isotopic correlation that the D(2) sequence boundary at RCP was on the order of 0.5 m.y. in duration. Therefore, interpretations of isotopic events and associated environmental phenomena, such as oceanic anoxic events, in the shallow-marine and terrestrial record may be influenced by stratigraphic incompleteness. Further investigation of terrestrial delta(13)C records may be useful in recognizing and constraining sea-level changes in the geologic record. C1 McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. US Geol Survey, Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Geog & Geol, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Aeon Biostratig Serv, Anchorage, AK 99516 USA. RP Grocke, DR (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. RI Robinson, Stuart/C-4808-2011; Grocke, Darren/F-4799-2015 OI Robinson, Stuart/0000-0003-4329-1058; Grocke, Darren/0000-0003-2296-7530 NR 23 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-8505 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1130/G21998.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 021CB UT WOS:000235959300018 ER PT J AU Griffiths, PG Hereford, R Webb, RH AF Griffiths, PG Hereford, R Webb, RH TI Sediment yield and runoff frequency of small drainage basins in the Mojave Desert, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE runoff frequency; sediment yield; cesium 137; desert geomorphology ID EROSION AB Sediment yield from small and basins, particularly in the Mojave Desert, is largely unknown owing to the ephemeral nature of these fluvial systems and long recurrence interval of flow events. We examined 27 reservoirs in the northern and eastern Mojave Desert that trapped sediment from small (< 1 km(2)) drainage basins on alluvial fans over the past 100 yr, calculated annual sediment yield, and estimated the average recurrence interval (RI) of sediment-depositing flow events. These reservoirs formed where railbeds crossed and blocked channels, causing sediment to be trapped and stored upslope. Deposits are temporally constrained by the date of railway construction (1906-1910), the presence Of Cs-137 in the reservoir profile (post-1952 sediment), and either 1993, when some basins breached during regional flooding, or 2000-2001, when stratigraphic analyses were performed. Reservoir deposits are well stratified at most sites and have distinct fining-upward couplets indicative of discrete episodes of sediment-bearing runoff. Average RI of runoff events for these basins ranges from 2.6 to 7.3 yr and reflects the incidence of either intense or prolonged rainfall; more than half the runoff events occurred before 1963. A period of above-normal precipitation, from 1905 to 1941, may have increased runoff frequency in these basins. Mean sediment yield (9 to 48 tons km(-2) yr(-1)) is an order of magnitude smaller than sediment yields calculated elsewhere and may be limited by reduced storm intensity, the presence of desert pavement, and shallow gradient of fan surfaces. Sediment yield decreases as drainage area increases, a trend typical of much larger drainage basins where sediment-transport processes constrain sediment yield. Coarse substrate and low-angle slopes of these alluvial fan surfaces likely limit sediment transport capacity through transmission losses and channel storage. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Griffiths, PG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. EM pggriffiths@usgs.gov; rhereford@usgs.gov; rhwebb@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 232 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.017 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 023AE UT WOS:000236096600016 ER PT J AU Bakun, WH Scotti, O AF Bakun, WH Scotti, O TI Regional intensity attenuation models for France and the estimation of magnitude and location of historical earthquakes SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE attenuation; France; historical earthquake; intensity; macroseismic; stable continental region ID SEISMIC INTENSITY; SWITZERLAND; CALIFORNIA; AREA AB Intensity assignments for 33 calibration earthquakes were used to develop intensity attenuation models for the Alps, Armorican, Provence, Pyrenees and Rhine regions of France. Intensity decreases with Delta most rapidly in the French Alps, Provence and Pyrenees regions, and least rapidly in the Armorican and Rhine regions. The comparable Armorican and Rhine region attenuation models are aggregated into a French stable continental region model and the comparable Provence and Pyrenees region models are aggregated into a Southern France model. We analyse MSK intensity assignments using the technique of Bakun & Wentworth, which provides an objective method for estimating epicentral location and intensity magnitude M-I. M-I for the 1356 October 18 earthquake in the French stable continental region is 6.6 for a location near Basle, Switzerland, and moment magnitude M is 5.9-7.2 at the 95 per cent (+/- 2 sigma) confidence level. M-I for the 1909 June 11 Trevaresse (Lambesc) earthquake near Marseilles in the Southern France region is 5.5, and M is 4.9-6.0 at the 95 per cent confidence level. Bootstrap resampling techniques are used to calculate objective, reproducible 67 per cent and 95 per cent confidence regions for the locations of historical earthquakes. These confidence regions for location provide an attractive alternative to the macroseismic epicentre and qualitative location uncertainties used heretofore. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, F-92262 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. RP US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI scotti, oona/A-5894-2013 OI scotti, oona/0000-0002-6640-9090 NR 41 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 164 IS 3 BP 596 EP 610 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02808.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 014HG UT WOS:000235469800010 ER PT J AU Trubitsyn, V Kaban, M Mooney, W Reigber, C Schwintzer, P AF Trubitsyn, V Kaban, M Mooney, W Reigber, C Schwintzer, P TI Simulation of active tectonic processes for a convecting mantle with moving continents SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE continental evolution; mantle convection; marginal basin; subduction ID MARGINAL BASINS; SURFACE PLATES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; THERMAL EVOLUTION; LITHOSPHERE; MODELS; GENERATION; SUBDUCTION; VISCOSITY; BOUNDARY AB Numerical models are presented that simulate several active tectonic processes. These models include a continent that is thermally and mechanically coupled with viscous mantle flow. The assumption of rigid continents allows use of solid body equations to describe the continents' motion and to calculate their velocities. The starting point is a quasi-steady state model of mantle convection with temperature/pressure-dependent viscosity. After placing a continent on top of the mantle, the convection pattern changes. The mantle flow subsequently passes through several stages, eventually resembling the mantle structure under present-day continents: (a) Extension tectonics and marginal basins form on boundary of a continent approaching to subduction zone, roll back of subduction takes place in front of moving continent; (b) The continent reaches the subduction zone, the extension regime at the continental edge is replaced by strong compression. The roll back of the subduction zone still continues after closure of the marginal basin and the continent moves towards the upwelling. As a result the ocean becomes non-symmetric and (c) The continent overrides the upwelling and subduction in its classical form stops. The third stage appears only in the upper mantle model with localized upwellings. C1 GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, Germany. Inst Phys Earth, Moscow, Russia. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Trubitsyn, V (reprint author), GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, Germany. EM kaban@gfz-potsdam.de NR 58 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 164 IS 3 BP 611 EP 623 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02832.x PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 014HG UT WOS:000235469800011 ER PT J AU Lee, MW AF Lee, MW TI Explicit use of the Biot coefficient in predicting shear-wave velocity of water-saturated sediments SO GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING LA English DT Article ID SANDSTONE; MODULUS; ROCKS; MODEL AB Predicting the shear-wave (S-wave) velocity is important in seismic modelling, amplitude analysis with offset, and other exploration and engineering applications. Under the low-frequency approximation, the classical Biot-Gassmann theory relates the Biot coefficient to the bulk modulus of water-saturated sediments. If the Biot coefficient under in situ conditions can be estimated, the shear modulus or the S-wave velocity can be calculated. The Biot coefficient derived from the compressional-wave (P-wave) velocity of water-saturated sediments often differs from and is less than that estimated from the S-wave velocity, owing to the interactions between the pore fluid and the grain contacts. By correcting the Biot coefficients derived from P-wave velocities of water-saturated sediments measured at various differential pressures, an accurate method of predicting S-wave velocities is proposed. Numerical results indicate that the predicted S-wave velocities for consolidated and unconsolidated sediments agree well with measured velocities. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Lee, MW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 939, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mlee@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-8025 J9 GEOPHYS PROSPECT JI Geophys. Prospect. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2478.2006.00524.x PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 012IL UT WOS:000235331700006 ER PT J AU Tang, XL Liu, SG Zhou, GY Zhang, DQ Zhou, CY AF Tang, XL Liu, SG Zhou, GY Zhang, DQ Zhou, CY TI Soil-atmospheric exchange of CO2, CH4, and N2O in three subtropical forest ecosystems in southern China SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dinghushan Nature Reserve; GHG fluxes; seasonal difference; soil-atmospheric exchange; succession stage; successional forests ID GROUND CARBON ALLOCATION; LAND-USE CHANGE; PINUS-TAEDA L.; TROPICAL FOREST; METHANE FLUXES; EASTERN AMAZONIA; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CONTROLS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; OXIDE EMISSIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER AB The magnitude, temporal, and spatial patterns of soil-atmospheric greenhouse gas (hereafter referred to as GHG) exchanges in forests near the Tropic of Cancer are still highly uncertain. To contribute towards an improvement of actual estimates, soil-atmospheric CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes were measured in three successional subtropical forests at the Dinghushan Nature Reserve (hereafter referred to as DNR) in southern China. Soils in DNR forests behaved as N2O sources and CH4 sinks. Annual mean CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes (mean +/- SD) were 7.7 +/- 4.6 Mg CO2-C ha(-1) yr(-1), 3.2 +/- 1.2 kg N2O-N ha(-1) yr(-1), and 3.4 +/- 0.9 kg CH4-C ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively. The climate was warm and wet from April through September 2003 (the hot-humid season) and became cool and dry from October 2003 through March 2004 (the cool-dry season). The seasonality of soil CO2 emission coincided with the seasonal climate pattern, with high CO2 emission rates in the hot-humid season and low rates in the cool-dry season. In contrast, seasonal patterns of CH4 and N2O fluxes were not clear, although higher CH4 uptake rates were often observed in the cool-dry season and higher N2O emission rates were often observed in the hot-humid season. GHG fluxes measured at these three sites showed a clear increasing trend with the progressive succession. If this trend is representative at the regional scale, CO2 and N2O emissions and CH4 uptake in southern China may increase in the future in light of the projected change in forest age structure. Removal of surface litter reduced soil CO2 effluxes by 17-44% in the three forests but had no significant effect on CH4 absorption and N2O emission rates. This suggests that microbial CH4 uptake and N2O production was mainly related to the mineral soil rather than in the surface litter layer. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, S China Inst Bot, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sliu@usgs.gov RI Zhou, Guoyi /B-4544-2009 NR 80 TC 147 Z9 181 U1 16 U2 99 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 546 EP 560 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01109.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021YY UT WOS:000236023000012 ER PT J AU Kroeger, KD Cole, ML York, JK Valiela, I AF Kroeger, KD Cole, ML York, JK Valiela, I TI Nitrogen loads to estuaries from waste water plumes: Modeling and isotopic approaches SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; WAQUOIT BAY; CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; COASTAL WATERSHEDS; SALT MARSHES; CAPE-COD; NEW-YORK; MARINE; AQUIFER; NITRATE AB We developed, and applied in two sites, novel methods to measure ground water-borne nitrogen loads to receiving estuaries from plumes resulting from land disposal of waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. In addition, we quantified nitrogen losses from WWTP effluent during transport through watersheds. WWTP load to receiving water was estimated as the difference between total measured ground water-transported nitrogen load and modeled load from major nitrogen sources other than the WWTP. To test estimated WWTP loads, we applied two additional methods. First, we quantified total annual waste water nitrogen load from watersheds based on nitrogen stable isotopic signatures of primary producers in receiving water. Second, we used published data on ground water nitrogen concentrations in an array of wells to estimate dimensions of the plume and quantify the annual mass of nitrogen transported within the plume. Loss of nitrogen during transport through the watershed was estimated as the difference between the annual mass of nitrogen applied to watersheds as treatment plant effluent and the estimated nitrogen load reaching receiving water. In one plume, we corroborated our estimated nitrogen loss in watersheds using data from multiple-level sampling wells to calculate the loss of nitrogen relative to a conservative tracer. The results suggest that nitrogen from the plumes is discharging to the estuaries but that substantial nitrogen loss occurs during transport through the watersheds. The measured vs. modeled and stable isotopic approaches, in comparison to the plume mapping approach, may more reliably quantify ground water-transported WWTP loads to estuaries. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Boston Univ, Marine Program, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Kroeger, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM kkroeger@usgs.gov RI York, Joanna/B-7393-2013; OI Kroeger, Kevin/0000-0002-4272-2349 NR 74 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 2 BP 188 EP 200 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00130.x PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 017ZA UT WOS:000235730800014 PM 16556201 ER PT J AU Hart, DJ Bradbury, KR Feinstein, DT AF Hart, DJ Bradbury, KR Feinstein, DT TI The vertical hydraulic conductivity of an aquitard at two spatial scales SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT LABORATORY METHOD; TIGHT ROCKS; PERMEABILITY; PRESSURE; AQUIFER; SHALE; FLOW AB Aquitards protect underlying aquifers from contaminants and limit recharge to those aquifers. Understanding the mechanisms and quantity of ground water flow across aquitards to underlying aquifers is essential for ground water planning and assessment. We present results of laboratory testing for shale hydraulic conductivities, a methodology for determining the vertical hydraulic conductivity (K-v) of aquitards at regional scales and demonstrate the importance of discrete flow pathways across aquitards. A regional shale aquitard in southeastern Wisconsin, the Maquoketa Formation, was studied to define the role that an aquitard plays in a regional ground water flow system. Calibration of a regional ground water flow model for southeastern Wisconsin using both predevelopment steady-state and transient targets suggested that the regional K-v of the Maquoketa Formation is 1.8 x 10(-11) m/s. The core-scale measurements of the K-v of the Maquoketa Formation range from 1.8 x 10(-14) to 4.1 x 10(-12) m/s. Flow through some additional pathways in the shale, potential fractures or open boreholes, can explain the apparent increase of the regional-scale K-v. Based on well logs, erosional windows or high-conductivity zones seem unlikely pathways. Fractures cutting through the entire thickness of the shale spaced 5 km apart with an aperture of 50 microns could provide enough flow across the aquitard to match that provided by an equivalent bulk K-v of 1.8 x 10(-11) m/s. In a similar fashion, only 50 wells of 0.1 m radius open to aquifers above and below the shale and evenly spaced 10 km apart across southeastern Wisconsin can match the model K-v. C1 Wisconsin Geol & Nat Hist Survey, Madison, WI 53705 USA. US Geol Survey, Milwaukee Off, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Hart, DJ (reprint author), Wisconsin Geol & Nat Hist Survey, 3817 Mineral Point Rd, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM djhart@wisc.edu NR 34 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 2 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00125.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 017ZA UT WOS:000235730800015 PM 16556202 ER PT J AU Halford, KJ Yobbi, D AF Halford, KJ Yobbi, D TI Estimating hydraulic properties using a moving-model approach and multiple aquifer tests SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-MODEL; WELL; FLOW AB A new method was developed for characterizing geohydrologic columns that extended > 600 m deep at sites with as many as six discrete aquifers. This method was applied at 12 sites within the Southwest Florida Water Management District. Sites typically were equipped with multiple production wells, one for each aquifer and one or more observation wells per aquifer. The average hydraulic properties of the aquifers and confining units within radii of 30 to > 300 m were characterized at each site. Aquifers were pumped individually and water levels were monitored in stressed and adjacent aquifers during each pumping event. Drawdowns at a site were interpreted using a radial numerical model that extended from land surface to the base of the geohydrologic column and simulated all pumping events. Conceptually, the radial model moves between stress periods and recenters on the production well during each test. Hydraulic conductivity was assumed homogeneous and isotropic within each aquifer and confining unit. Hydraulic property estimates for all of the aquifers and confining units were consistent and reasonable because results from multiple aquifers and pumping events were analyzed simultaneously. C1 US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. US Geol Survey, Univ Ctr Business, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Halford, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 333 W Nye Lane,Room 203, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. EM khalford@usgs.gov; dyobbi@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 2 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00109.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 017ZA UT WOS:000235730800023 PM 16556210 ER PT J AU Greenwood, WJ Kruse, S Swarzenski, P AF Greenwood, WJ Kruse, S Swarzenski, P TI Extending electromagnetic methods to map coastal pore water salinities SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID RESISTIVITY AB The feasibility of mapping pore water salinity based on surface electromagnetic (EM) methods over land and shallow marine water is examined in a coastal wetland on Tampa Bay, Florida. Forward models predict that useful information on seabed conductivity can be obtained through < 1.5 m of saline water, using floating EM-31 and EM-34 instruments from Geonics Ltd. The EM-31 functioned as predicted when compared against resistivity soundings and pore water samples and proved valuable for profiling in otherwise inaccessible terrain due to its relatively small size. Experiments with the EM-34 in marine water, however, did not reproduce the theoretical instrument response. The most effective technique for predicting pore water conductivities based on EM data entailed (1) computing formation factors from resistivity surveys and pore water samples at representative sites and (2) combining these formation factors with onshore and offshore EM-31 readings for broader spatial coverage. This method proved successful for imaging zones of elevated pore water conductivities/salinities associated with mangrove forests, presumably caused by salt water exclusion by mangrove roots. These zones extend 5 to 10 m seaward from mangrove trunks fringing Tampa Bay. Modeling indicates that EM-31 measurements lack the resolution necessary to image the subtle pore water conductivity variations expected in association with diffuse submarine ground water discharge of fresher water in the marine water of Tampa Bay. The technique has potential for locating high-contrast zones and other pore water salinity anomalies in areas not accessible to conventional marine- or land-based resistivity arrays and hence may be useful for studies of coastal-wetland ecosystems. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. ETI Professionals, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Greenwood, WJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jgreenwood@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 2 BP 292 EP 299 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00137.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 017ZA UT WOS:000235730800024 PM 16556211 ER PT J AU Zume, JT Tarhule, A Christenson, S AF Zume, JT Tarhule, A Christenson, S TI Subsurface Imaging of an abandoned solid waste landfill site in Norman, Oklahoma SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY; RESOLUTION AB Leachate plume emanating from an old unlined municipal landfill site near the city of Norman, Oklahoma, is discharging into the underlying alluvial aquifer. Subsurface imaging techniques, electrical resistivity tomography and electrical conductivity (EC) logging, were used on the site to detect and map the position of the leachate plume. Anomalous EC zones, delineated with the two methods, correlated with the occurrence of the plume detected by water chemistry analyses from multilevel monitoring wells. Specific conductance, a potential indicator of leachate contamination, ranged from 1861 to 7710 mu S/cm in contaminated zones and from 465 to 2180 mu S/cm in uncontaminated ground water. Results are in agreement with those from earlier studies that the leachate plume emerges from the landfill along preferential pathways. Additionally, there are indications that the leading edge of the plume has migrated, at least, 200 m away from the landfill in the direction of ground water flow. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog, Norman, OK 73019 USA. USGS, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. RP Zume, JT (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog, 100 E Boyd St,SEC 684, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jzume@ou.edu; atarhule@ou.edu; schris@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00066.x PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 043KY UT WOS:000237601200005 ER PT J AU Wagner, RS Miller, MP Haig, SM AF Wagner, R. Steven Miller, Mark P. Haig, Susan M. TI Phylogeography and genetic identification of newly-discovered populations of torrent salamanders (Rhyacotriton cascadae and R-variegatus) in the central Cascades (USA) SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE phylogeographical barrier; range extension; Rhyacotriton; torrent salamanders; Willamette River ID MATE RECOGNITION SYSTEMS; DESMOGNATHUS-OCHROPHAEUS; STREAM AMPHIBIANS; PLETHODONTIDAE; DIFFERENTIATION; DIVERGENCE; OREGON AB Newly discovered populations of Rhyacotritonidae were investigated for taxonomic identity, hybridization, and sympatry. Species m the genus Rhyacotriton have been historically difficult to identify using morphological characters. Mitochondrial (mtDNA) 16S ribosomal RNA sequences (491 bp) and allozymes (6 loci) were used to identify the distribution of populations occurring intermediate between the previously described ranges of R. cariegatus and R. cascadae in the central Cascade Mountain region of Oregon. Allozyme and mitochondrial sequence data both indicated the presence of two distinct evolutionary lineages with each lineage corresponding to the allopatric distribution of R. cascadae and R. cariegatus. Results suggest the Willamette River acts as a phylogeographic barrier limiting the distribution of both species, although we cannot exclude the possibility that reproductive isolation also exists that reinforces sprecies' distributions. This study extends the previously described geographical ranges of both R. cascadae and R. cariegatus amd defines an eastern range limit for R. cariegatus conservation efforts. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Oregon State Univ, Genet Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Mark.Miller@usu.edu RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD MAR PY 2006 VL 62 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1655/04-52.1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 063RO UT WOS:000239037500008 ER PT J AU Mooring, MS Patton, ML Lance, VA Hall, BM Schaad, EW Fetter, GA Fortin, SS McPeak, KM AF Mooring, MS Patton, ML Lance, VA Hall, BM Schaad, EW Fetter, GA Fortin, SS McPeak, KM TI Glucocorticoids of bison bulls in relation to social status SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE fecal steroid; cortisol; glucocorticoids; bison; rut; dominance; stress ID AMERICAN BISON; FECAL TESTOSTERONE; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; CORTISOL-LEVELS; WOOD BISON; DOMINANCE; STRESS; AGGRESSION; URINARY; METABOLITES AB A primary response to stress is an increase in circulating adrenal glucocorticoids (GC) such as cortisol. Two hypotheses propose differential stress responses to agonistic and aggressive interactions in social groups. If subordinate animals are subjected to social and psychological stressors leading to chronic GC elevation, the 'stress of subordination' hypothesis predicts that GCs will be higher ill subordinates than dominants. Alternatively, if dominant animals are subject to physiological stressors (e.g., fight at higher rates than subordinates) or hierarchies are unstable, the 'stress of domination' hypothesis predicts higher GCs in dominant individuals. Both models predict that GC levels will peak during the breeding season. We tested these predictions in bison bulls (Bison bison) using fecal steroid analysis to characterize GC concentration and behavioral observations to determine dominance rank, copulatory success, and tending status of bulls. Fecal samples were collected during 2003 from adult bison bulls during pre-rut (June), rut (July-August), and post-rut (September). Matched sample data indicated that mean GC levels (ng/g feces) of bulls strongly peaked during the 4-week rut, doubling from pre-rut to nit and then declining again during post-rut. High ranked dominant bulls maintained higher GC levels than lower ranked subordinate bulls. Dominance rank was positively correlated with copulatory success and age, and dominant bulls were more likely to tend (guard) cows as they approached estrus. There was a positive correlation between GC level and copulatory success, with prime-aged bulls (>= 7 years) obtaining the most copulations. GC levels were positively correlated with bull androgen levels determined in a previous study. These results support the 'stress of domination' hypothesis, indicating that dominant bison bulls pay a significant physiological price for high social status and the opportunity to mate. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Point Loma Nazarene Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. Zool Soc San Diego, Conservat & Res Endangered Species, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Niobrara Natl Wildlife Refuge, Valentine, NE 69201 USA. RP Mooring, MS (reprint author), Point Loma Nazarene Univ, Dept Biol, 3900 Lomaland Dr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM mikemooring@ptloma.edu NR 43 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 369 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.08.008 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 020LW UT WOS:000235911900014 PM 16257404 ER PT J AU Balaram, V Mathur, R Banakar, VK Hein, JR Rao, CRM Rao, TG Dasaram, B AF Balaram, V Mathur, R Banakar, VK Hein, JR Rao, CRM Rao, TG Dasaram, B TI Determination of the platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold (Au) in manganese nodule reference samples by nickel sulfide fire-assay and Te coprecipitation with ICP-MS SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE platinum group elements (PGE); gold; manganese nodule reference samples; manganese crust; NiS fire-assay; ICP-MS ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; PRECIOUS METALS; INDIAN-OCEAN AB Platinum group elements (PGE) and Au data in polymetallic oceanic ferromanganese nodule reference samples and crust samples obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), after separation and pre-concentration by nickel sulfide fire-assay and Te coprecipitation, are presented. By optimizing several critical parameters such as flux composition, matrix, matching calibration, etc., best experimental conditions were established to develop a method suitable for routine analysis of manganese nodule samples for PGE and Au. Calibration were performed using international PGE reference materials, WMG-1 and WN4S-1. This improved procedure offers extremely low detection limits in the range of 0.004 to 0.016 ng/g. The results obtained ill this study for the reference materials compare well with previously published data wherever available. New PGE data are also provided on some international manganese nodule reference materials. The analytical methodology described here call be used for the routine analysis of manganese nodule and crust samples in marine geochemical studies. C1 Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. Natl Inst Oceanog, Panaji 403004, Goa, India. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Geol Survey India, Hyderabad 500068, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Balaram, V (reprint author), Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. NR 26 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION PI NEW DELHI PA DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA SN 0379-5136 J9 INDIAN J MAR SCI JI Indian J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 025VD UT WOS:000236294100001 ER PT J AU Pinter, N Young, RS Bea, R Meade, RH AF Pinter, N Young, RS Bea, R Meade, RH TI New Orleans revival recipes SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 So Illinois Univ, Environm Resources & Policy Program, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Pinter, N (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Environm Resources & Policy Program, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM npinter@geo.siu.edu; ryoung@wcu.edu; bea@ce.berkeley.edu; rhmeade@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 5 EP 9 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 028RZ UT WOS:000236507500001 ER PT J AU Cade, BS Richards, JD AF Cade, BS Richards, JD TI A permutation test for quantile regression SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE ecology; habitat relationships; limiting factors; linear models; permutation tests; quantile regression; rank score tests ID LINEAR-MODELS; INFERENCE AB A drop in dispersion, F-ratio like, permutation test (D) for linear quantile regression estimates (0 <= tau <= 1) had relative power >= 1 compared to quantile rank score tests (T) for hypotheses on parameters other than the intercept. Power was compared for combinations of sample sizes (n = 20-300) and qUantiles (tau = 0.50-0.99) where both tests maintained valid Type I error rates in simulations with p = 2 and 6 parameters in homogeneous and heterogeneous error models. The D test required two modifications of permuting residuals from null, reduced parameter models to maintain correct Type I error rates when null models were constrained through the origin or included Multiple parameters. A double permutation scheme was used when null models were constrained through the origin and all but I of the zero residuals were deleted for null models with multiple parameters. Although there was considerable overlap in sample Size, quantiles, and hypotheses where both the D and rank score tests maintained correct Type I error rates, we identified regions at smaller n and more extreme quantiles where one or the other maintained better error rates. Confidence intervals on parameters for an ecological application relating Lahontan cutthroat trout densities to stream channel width:depth were estimated by test inversion, demonstrating a smoother pattern of slightly narrower intervals across quantiles than those provided by the rank score test. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Cade, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM brian.cade@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 11 IS 1 BP 106 EP 126 DI 10.1198/108571106X96835 PG 21 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 016TU UT WOS:000235644100006 ER PT J AU Martin, J Nichols, JD Kitchens, WM Hines, JE AF Martin, J Nichols, JD Kitchens, WM Hines, JE TI Multiscale patterns of movement in fragmented landscapes and consequences on demography of the snail kite in Florida SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture models; radio-telemetry; spatially structured population; survival ID DISPERSAL; HABITAT; POPULATIONS; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION; EVERGLADES; DROUGHT; RATES; AREA; MARK AB Habitat loss and fragmentation are major factors affecting vertebrate populations. A major effect of these habitat alterations is that they reduce movement of organisms. Despite the accepted importance of movement in driving the dynamics of many natural populations, movement of vertebrates in fragmented landscapes have seldom been estimated with robust statistical methods. We estimated movement probabilities of snail kites Rosthramus sociabilis within the remaining wetlands in Florida. Using both radio-telemetry and banding information, we used a multistate modelling approach to estimate transition probabilities at two temporal scales (month; year) and multiple spatial scales. We examined kite movement among wetlands altered by three different levels of fragmentation: among wetlands separated by small physical barriers (e.g. road); among wetlands separated by moderate amount of matrix (< 5 km); and among wetlands separated by extensive matrix areas (> 15 km). Kites moved extensively among contiguous wetlands (movement probability 0.29 per month), but significantly less among isolated wetlands (movement probability 0.10 per month). Kites showed high levels of annual site fidelity to most isolated wetlands (probability ranged from 0.72 to 0.95 per year). We tested the effects of patch size and interpatch distance on movement. Our modelling indicated an effect of both distance and patch size on juveniles' movement (but not adult) when examining movements among fragments. Only a small proportion of kites escaped a regional drought by moving to refugia (wetlands less affected by drought). Many individuals died after the drought. During drought adult survival dropped by 16% while juvenile survival dropped by 86% (possibly because juveniles were less likely to reach refugia). We hypothesize that fragmentation may decrease kite's resistance to drought by restricting exploratory behaviour. C1 Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USGS, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM martinj@wec.ufl.edu NR 39 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 75 IS 2 BP 527 EP 539 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01073.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 027AJ UT WOS:000236384700021 PM 16638005 ER PT J AU Goodwin, AE Nayak, DK Bakal, RS AF Goodwin, AE Nayak, DK Bakal, RS TI Natural infections of wild creek chubs and cultured fathead minnow by Chinese grass carp reovirus (golden shiner virus) SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AQUAREOVIRUS; FISH; REPLICATION; FAMILY AB Wild creek chubs Semotilus atromaculotus and fanned fathead minnow Pimephales promelas were cultured for viruses on epithelioma papulosum cyprini and fathead minnow cells. A syncytia-forming virus was isolated front creek chubs and both healthy and moribund fathead minnow with skin and visceral lesions The isolates were positive by a reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay that amplifies segments I and 2 of Chinese grass carp reovirus (CGRV; also known as golden shiner virus and grass carp hemorrhagic virus). Sequencing of the amplicons showed that the isolates were 93-99% identical to each other and to North American CGRV isolates from grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas and 87-93% identical to grass carp isolates from China. Homologies to other fish reoviruses were only 3-42%. C1 Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Reg Fish Hlth Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. RP Goodwin, AE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, 1200 N Univ Dr,Mail Slot 4912, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. EM agoodwin@uaex.edu NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1577/H05-029.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 034VM UT WOS:000236958700005 ER PT J AU Andersen, DC Nelson, SM AF Andersen, DC Nelson, SM TI Flood pattern and weather determine Populus leaf litter breakdown and nitrogen dynamics on a cold desert floodplain SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE biogeochemistry; decomposition; flood pulse; macroinvertebrates; nitrogen dynamics; riparian ID MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; GREEN RIVER; NEW-MEXICO; DECOMPOSITION RATES; ACCELERATE DECAY; CENTRAL AMAZONIA; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; FOREST STREAM AB Patterns and processes involved in litter breakdown on desert river floodplains are not well understood. We used leafpacks containing Fremont cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. wislizenii) leaf litter to investigate the roles of weather and microclimate, flooding (immersion), and macro invertebrates on litter organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) loss on a floodplain in a cool-temperate semi-arid environment (Yampa River, northwestern Colorado, USA). Total mass of N in fresh autumn litter fell by similar to 20% over winter and spring, but in most cases there was no further N loss prior to termination of the study after 653 days exposure, including up to 20 days immersion during the spring flood pulse. Final OM mass was 10-40% of initial values. The pattern of OM and N losses suggested most N would be released outside the flood season, when retention within the floodplain would be likely. The exclusion of macroinvertebrates modestly reduced the rate of OM loss (by about 10%) but had no effect on N dynamics over nine months. Immersion in floodwater accelerated OM loss, but modest variation in litter quality did not affect the breakdown rate. These results are consistent with the concept that decomposition on desert floodplains progresses much as does litter processing in desert uplands, but with periodic bouts of processing typical of aquatic environments when litter is inundated by floodwaters. The strong dependence of litter breakdown rate on weather and floods means that climate change or river flow management can easily disrupt floodplain nutrient dynamics. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USBR, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Andersen, DC (reprint author), USBR, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, D-8220,POB 25007, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM doug_andersen@usgs.gov RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 NR 60 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 64 IS 4 BP 626 EP 650 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.06.022 PG 25 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 014RO UT WOS:000235497800005 ER PT J AU Delworth, TL Broccoli, AJ Rosati, A Stouffer, RJ Balaji, V Beesley, JA Cooke, WF Dixon, KW Dunne, J Dunne, KA Durachta, JW Findell, KL Ginoux, P Gnanadesikan, A Gordon, CT Griffies, SM Gudgel, R Harrison, MJ Held, IM Hemler, RS Horowitz, LW Klein, SA Knutson, TR Kushner, PJ Langenhorst, AR Lee, HC Lin, SJ Lu, J Malyshev, SL Milly, PCD Ramaswamy, V Russell, J Schwarzkopf, MD Shevliakova, E Sirutis, JJ Spelman, MJ Stern, WF Winton, M Wittenberg, AT Wyman, B Zeng, F Zhang, R AF Delworth, TL Broccoli, AJ Rosati, A Stouffer, RJ Balaji, V Beesley, JA Cooke, WF Dixon, KW Dunne, J Dunne, KA Durachta, JW Findell, KL Ginoux, P Gnanadesikan, A Gordon, CT Griffies, SM Gudgel, R Harrison, MJ Held, IM Hemler, RS Horowitz, LW Klein, SA Knutson, TR Kushner, PJ Langenhorst, AR Lee, HC Lin, SJ Lu, J Malyshev, SL Milly, PCD Ramaswamy, V Russell, J Schwarzkopf, MD Shevliakova, E Sirutis, JJ Spelman, MJ Stern, WF Winton, M Wittenberg, AT Wyman, B Zeng, F Zhang, R TI GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part I: Formulation and simulation characteristics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; SEA-ICE MODEL; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; INITIAL CONDITIONS; ANNULAR MODES; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; LAND; DYNAMICS AB The formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled climate models developed at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are described. The models were designed to simulate atmospheric and oceanic climate and variability from the diurnal time scale through multicentury climate change, given our computational constraints. In particular, an important goal was to use the same model for both experimental seasonal to interannual forecasting and the study of multicentury global climate change, and this goal has been achieved. Two versions of the coupled model are described, called CM2.0 and CM2.1. The versions differ primarily in the dynamical core used in the atmospheric component, along with the cloud tuning and some details of the land and ocean components. For both coupled models, the resolution of the land and atmospheric components is 2 degrees latitude x 2.5 degrees longitude, the atmospheric model has 24 vertical levels. The ocean resolution is 1 degrees in latitude and longitude, with meridional resolution equatorward of 30 degrees becoming progressively finer, such that the meridional resolution is 1/3 degrees at the equator. There are 50 vertical levels in the ocean, with 22 evenly spaced levels within the top 220 m. The ocean component has poles over North America and Eurasia to avoid polar filtering. Neither coupled model employs flux adjustments. The control simulations have stable, realistic climates when integrated over multiple centuries. Both models have simulations of ENSO that are substantially improved relative to previous GFDL coupled models. The CM2.0 model has been further evaluated as an ENSO forecast model and has good skill (CM2.1 has not been evaluated as an ENSO forecast model). Generally reduced temperature and salinity biases exist in CM2.1 relative to CM2.0. These reductions are associated with 1) improved simulations of surface wind stress in CM2.1 and associated changes in oceanic gyre circulations; 2) changes in cloud tuning and the land model, both of which act to increase the net surface shortwave radiation in CM2.1, thereby reducing an overall cold bias present in CM2.0; and 3) a reduction of ocean lateral viscosity in the extratropics in CM2.1, which reduces sea ice biases in the North Atlantic. Both models have been used to conduct a suite of climate change simulations for the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report and are able to simulate the main features of the observed warming of the twentieth century. The climate sensitivities of the CM2.0 and CM2.1. models are 2.9 and 3.4 K, respectively. These sensitivities are defined by coupling the atmospheric components of CM2.0 and CM2.1 to a slab ocean model and allowing the model to come into equilibrium with a doubling of atmospheric CO2. The output from a suite of integrations conducted with these models is freely available online (see http://nomads.gfdl.noaa.gov/). C1 Princeton Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RS Informat Serv, Mclean, VA USA. US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Tom.Delworth@noaa.gov RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014; Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; Kushner, Paul/H-6716-2016 OI Russell, Joellen/0000-0001-9937-6056; Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Kushner, Paul/0000-0002-6404-4518 NR 49 TC 882 Z9 898 U1 10 U2 101 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 5 BP 643 EP 674 DI 10.1175/JCLI3629.1 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 030XF UT WOS:000236668000002 ER PT J AU Lidz, BH Reich, CD Peterson, RL Shinn, EA AF Lidz, BH Reich, CD Peterson, RL Shinn, EA TI New maps, new information: Coral Reefs of the Florida Keys SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Benthic habitats; coral reef decline; coral reef nuclei; Holocene transgression; Key Largo Limestone; Miami Limestone; patch reefs; Pleistocene topography; sea-level fluctuations; tidal channels; topographic troughs; windward carbonate margin ID SEA-LEVEL RECORD; SOUTH FLORIDA; PLATFORM MARGIN; SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY; MARINE-SANCTUARY; LARGO LIMESTONE; WINDWARD-MARGIN; QUATERNARY; USA; ACCUMULATION AB A highly detailed digitized map depicts 22 benthic habitats in 3140.5 km(2) of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Dominant are a seagrass/lime-mud zone (map area 27.5%) throughout Hawk Channel and seagrass/carbonate-sand (18.7%) and bare carbonate-sand (17.3%) zones on the outer shelf and in The Quicksands. A lime-mud/seagrass-covered muddy carbonate-sand zone (9.6%) abuts the keys. Hardbottom communities (13.2%) consist of bare Pleistocene coralline and oolitic limestone, coral rubble, and senile coral reefs. Smaller terrestrial (4.0%) and marine habitats, including those of live coral (patch reefs, 0.7%), account for the rest (13.7%) of the area. Derived from aerial photomosaics, the seabed dataset fits precisely when transposed onto a newly developed National Geophysical Data Center hydrographic-bathymetry map. Combined, the maps point to new information on unstudied seabed morphologies, among them an erosional nearshore rock ledge bordering the seaward side of the Florida Keys and thousands of patch-reef clusters aligned in mid-Hawk Channel. Preliminary indications are that the ledge may represent the seaward extent of the 125-ka Key Largo and Miami Limestone that form the keys, and the patch reefs colonized landward edges of two noncoralline, non-dune-ridge topographic troughs. The troughs, their and inner-shelf location along the seaward side of the Hawk Channel bedrock depression are the first of substrate, that type of nuclei to be recognized in the Florida reef record. Together, the map datasets establish the efficacy and accuracy of using aerial photographs to define in extraordinary detail the seabed features and habitats in a shallow reef setting. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lidz, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM blidz@usgs.gov NR 96 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 260 EP 282 DI 10.2112/05A-0023.1 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 026KW UT WOS:000236338800002 ER PT J AU Haines, SS AF Haines, SS TI Design and application of an electromagnetic vibrator seismic source SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW AB Vibrational seismic sources frequently provide a higher-frequency seismic wavelet (and therefore better resolution) than other sources, and can provide a superior signal-to-noise ratio in many settings. However, they are often prohibitively expensive for lower-budget shallow surveys. In order to address this problem, I designed and built a simple but effective vibrator source for about one thousand dollars. ne "EMvibe" is an inexpensive electromagnetic vibrator that can be built with easy-to-machine parts and off-the-shelf electronics. It can repeatably produce pulse and frequency-sweep signals in the range of 5 to 650 Hz, and provides sufficient energy for recording at offsets up to 20 in. Analysis of frequency spectra show that the EMvibe provides a broader frequency range than the sledgehammer at offsets up to similar to 10 in in data collected at a site with soft sediments in the upper several meters. The EMvibe offers a high-resolution alternative to the sledgehammer for shallow surveys. It is well-suited to teaching applications, and to surveys requiring a precisely-repeatable source signature. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Haines, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM shaines@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 11 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.2113/JEEG11.1.9 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 025LI UT WOS:000236267200002 ER PT J AU Stafford, JD Reinecke, KJ Kaminski, RM Gerard, PD AF Stafford, JD Reinecke, KJ Kaminski, RM Gerard, PD TI Multi-stage sampling for large scale natural resources surveys: A case study of rice and waterfowl SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE design efficiency; multi-stage sampling; rice fields; sample survey; waterfowl habitat ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; CONSERVATION; DESIGN; FIELD AB Large-scale sample surveys to estimate abundance and distribution of organisms and their habitats are increasingly important in ecological studies. Multi-stage sampling (MSS) is especially suited to large-scale surveys because of the natural clustering of resources. To illustrate an application, we: (1) designed a stratified MSS to estimate late autumn abundance (kg/ha) of rice seeds in harvested fields as food for waterfowl wintering in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV); (2) investigated options for improving the MSS design; and (3) compared statistical and cost efficiency of MSS to simulated simple random sampling (SRS). During 2000-2002, we sampled 25-35 landowners per year, I or 2 fields per landowner per year, and measured seed mass in 10 soil cores collected within each field. Analysis of variance components and costs for each stage of the survey design indicated that collecting 10 soil cores per field was near the optimum of 11-15, whereas sampling > I field per landowner provided few benefits because data from fields within landowners were highly correlated. Coefficients of variation (CV) of annual estimates of rice abundance ranged from 0.23 to 0.31 and were limited by variation among landowners and the number of landowners sampled. Design effects representing the statistical efficiency of MSS relative to SRS ranged from 3.2 to 9.0, and simulations indicated SRS would cost, on average, 1.4 times more than MSS because clustering of sample units in MSS decreased travel costs. We recommend MSS as a potential sampling strategy for large-scale natural resource surveys and specifically for future surveys of the availability of rice as food for waterfowl in the MAV and similar areas. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stn Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Stafford, JD (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Bellrose Waterfowl Res Lab, Forbes Biol Stn, POB 590, Havana, IL 62644 USA. EM stafford@inhs.uiuc.edu RI Stafford, Joshua/H-4039-2011 NR 46 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 78 IS 4 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.04.029 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 018AD UT WOS:000235734200004 PM 16154682 ER PT J AU Mattsson, BJ Meyers, JM Cooper, RJ AF Mattsson, BJ Meyers, JM Cooper, RJ TI Detrimental impacts of radiotransmitters on juvenile Louisiana Waterthrushes SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE backpack; Louisiana Waterthrush; mortality; Seiurus motacilla; transmitter ID RADIO-TRANSMITTERS; SMALL PASSERINES; HABITAT USE; ATTACHMENT AB The Louisiana Waterthrush (waterthrush; Seiurus motacilla) is a forest-dwelling, Nearctic-Neotropical migratory passerine that nests along streams. We attached radiotransmitters (0.6-0.8 g) to 12 nestling waterthrushes using snug, elastic loops. At three nests, adult waterthrushes were videotaped removing radio-tagged young from the nest. In addition, we recovered nine radio-backpacks (with two still attached to the carcasses of nestlings) near nests within a few days after attaching transmitters. Only one of 12 radio-tagged young was relocated more than 24 h after attaching the transmitter. Thus, the method of transmitter attachment we used was not effective. Using snug, nonelastic loops (e.g., nylon) for the harness may reduce the loss of transmitters, but may injure the skin as fledglings grow. Other possible alternatives include (1) gluing the transmitter to skin on the back of nestlings, (2) capturing fledglings in mist nets and attaching transmitters a week or more after fledging by which time contour feathers have grown and the likelihood of a parent removing the transmitter may be reduced, or (3) attempting to monitor fledglings without attaching transmitters. The success of the latter two alternatives would likely be enhanced by attaching transmitters to adults and then tracking them to locate their still-dependent fledglings. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mattsson, BJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM bjm0452@forestry.uga.edu RI Mattsson, Brady/K-1688-2015 OI Mattsson, Brady/0000-0002-3182-9538 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 77 IS 2 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00038.x PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 044XI UT WOS:000237706500011 ER PT J AU Kesler, DC Lopes, IF Haig, SM AF Kesler, DC Lopes, IF Haig, SM TI Sex determination of Pohnpei Micronesian Kingfishers using morphological and molecular genetic techniques SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Halcyon cinnamomina; Micronesian Kingfisher; molecular sex determination; morphometrics; plumage; Todiramphus cinnamominus ID BREEDING LAUGHING KOOKABURRA; DNA; BLOOD AB Conservation-oriented studies of Micronesian Kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus) have been hindered by a lack of basic natural history information, despite the status of the Guam subspecies (T. c. cinnamominus) as one of the most endangered species in the world. We used tissue samples and morphometric measures from museum specimens and wild-captured Pohnpei Micronesian Kingfishers (T. c. reichenbachii) to develop methods for sex determination. We present a modified molecular protocol and a discriminant function that yields the probability that a particular individual is male or female. Our results revealed that females were significantly larger than males, and the discriminant function correctly predicted sex in 73% (30/41) of the individuals. The sex of 86% (18/21) of individuals was correctly assigned when a moderate reliability threshold was set. Sex determination using molecular genetic techniques was more reliable than methods based on morphology. Our results will facilitate recovery efforts for the critically endangered Guam Micronesian Kingfisher and provide a basis for sex determination in the 11 other endangered congeners in the Pacific Basin. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Kesler, DC (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM DylanKesler@picra.net RI Lopes, Iara/A-9425-2013 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 77 IS 2 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00045.x PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 044XI UT WOS:000237706500018 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Allen, CD Betancourt, J Chong, GW Fotheringham, CJ Safford, HD AF Keeley, JE Allen, CD Betancourt, J Chong, GW Fotheringham, CJ Safford, HD TI A 21st century perspective on postfire seeding SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Reg, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM j_keeley@usgs.gov; craig_allen@usgs.gov; jlbetanc@usgs.gov; geneva_chong@usgs.gov; seajay@ucla.edu; hdsafford@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 104 IS 2 BP 103 EP 104 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 030SZ UT WOS:000236656200010 ER PT J AU French, JRP Nichols, SJ Craig, JM Allen, JD Black, MG AF French, JRP Nichols, SJ Craig, JM Allen, JD Black, MG TI In situ growth of juvenile zebra mussels in a regulated stream SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; DISPERSAL AB We investigated the in situ growth of juvenile zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in a reach of the Huron River (southeast Michigan) below a dam with a control gate that regulates water levels. Growth was significantly different among sample dates over a five-month-long monitoring season. Mean growth of mussels generally decreased from 0.093 mm/day just above the darn to 0.067 mm/day 4 kin downstream, then increased to 0.091 mm/day at end of the 17-km-long study area. Significant differences among sites were most numerous in August during a severe drought when discharges fell substantially. Growth was positively correlated with discharges (R-2 = 0.94,p < 0.01). The positive correlation between growth and chlorophyll a levels in the study area, however, was weak (R-2 = 0.69,p < 0.1). Our study suggests that discharge may be one controlling factor for dreissenid populations in small streams. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP French, JRP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1080/02705060.2006.9664092 PG 6 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 013NK UT WOS:000235415800004 ER PT J AU Barth, AP Wooden, JL AF Barth, AP Wooden, JL TI Timing of magmatism following initial convergence at a passive margin, southwestern US Cordillera, and ages of lower crustal magma sources SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN-GREAT-BASIN; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; TRIASSIC PLUTONISM; PENINSULAR RANGES; CHINLE FORMATION; MOJAVE DESERT; SAN-GABRIEL; GEOCHRONOLOGY; PETROGENESIS AB Initiation of the Cordilleran magmatic arc in the southwestern United States is marked by intrusion of granitic plutons, predominantly composed of alkali-calcic Fe- and Sr-enriched quartz monzodiorite and monzonite, that intruded Paleoproterozoic basement and its Paleozoic cratonal-miogeoclinal cover. Three intrusive suites, recognized on the basis of differences in high field strength element and large ion lithophile element abundances, contain texturally complex but chronologically distinctive zircons. These zircons record heterogeneous but geochemically discrete mafic crustal magma sources, discrete Permo-Triassic intrusion ages, and a prolonged postemplacement thermal history within the long-lived Cordilleran arc, leading to episodic loss of radiogenic Pb. Distinctive lower crustal magma sources reflect lateral heterogeneity within the composite lithosphere of the Proterozoic craton. Limited interaction between derived magmas and middle and upper crustal rocks probably reflects the relatively cool thermal structure of the nascent Cordilleran continental margin magmatic arc. C1 Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Geol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Barth, AP (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Geol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM ibsz100@iupui.edu NR 61 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 114 IS 2 BP 231 EP 245 DI 10.1086/499573 PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA 010RR UT WOS:000235213800006 ER PT J AU Calfee, RD Bridges, CM Little, EE AF Calfee, RD Bridges, CM Little, EE TI Sensitivity of two Salamander (Ambystoma) species to ultraviolet radiation SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UV-B RADIATION; WATERS PROTECT AMPHIBIANS; US PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BREEDING PHENOLOGY AFFECTS; OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS; POPULATION DECLINES; HYLA-REGILLA; EGG MASSES; EMBRYOS; EXPOSURE AB Increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation reaching the Earth's surface has been implicated in amphibian declines. Recent studies have shown that many amphibian species have differences in sensitivity depending on developmental stage. Embryos and larvae of Ambystoma maculatum (Spotted Salamander) and larvae of Ambystoma talpoideum (Mole Salamander) were exposed to five simulated UV-B treatments in controlled laboratory experiments to determine the relative sensitivity of different lifestages. Hatching success of the embryos exceeded 95% in all treatments; however, the larvae of both species exhibited greater sensitivity to UV-B exposure. Older larvae of A. maculatum that were not exposed to UV-B as embryos were more sensitive than larvae that had hatched during exposure to UV-B. Growth of surviving larvae of A. maculatum was significantly reduced as UV-B intensity increased, whereas growth of A. talpoideum was unaffected. These results were compared to ambient UV-B conditions in natural environments. It appears that the embryo stage is relatively unaffected by UV-B levels observed in natural habitats, probably because of protection from vegetation, organic matter in the water column, oviposition depth, and egg jelly. The larval stage of these species may be at greater risk, particularly if there is an increase in UV-B radiation exposure caused by increases in water clarity and/or decreases in dissolved organic carbon. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Calfee, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM rcalfee@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 22 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1670/99-05A.1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 031OS UT WOS:000236714500005 ER PT J AU Frevert, D Fulp, T Zagona, E Leavesley, G Lins, H AF Frevert, D Fulp, T Zagona, E Leavesley, G Lins, H TI Watershed and river systems management program: Overview of capabilities SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE water resources; hydrology; river systems; decision support systems; reservoir operation; models; runoff; watershed management ID DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEM AB Beginning in January 1992, the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and the US Geological Survey (USGS) formulated plans for the Watershed and River Systems Management Program - a cooperative interagency effort to develop and implement flexible and robust river basin management tools for the benefit of managers and decision makers using a data centered approach. In addition to Reclamation and the USGS, a number of other agencies and universities have made substantial contributions to the success of the program. The result has been the need driven research and development of state-of-the-art technology which benefits water managers and technical specialists in many river basins. C1 US Bur Reclamat, Tech Serv Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Boulder Canyon Operat Off, Boulder City, NV 89006 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Adv Decis Support Water & Environm Syst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey Headquarters, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Frevert, D (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, Tech Serv Ctr, POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 132 IS 2 BP 92 EP 97 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2006)132:2(92) PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 025JK UT WOS:000236261600002 ER PT J AU Ellis, DH Lish, JW AF Ellis, DH Lish, JW TI Thinking about feathers: Adaptations of golden eagle rectrices SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE golden eagle; Aquila chrysaetos; adaptation feather; molt; morphology; pigment ID BIRDS; ABRASION; PLUMAGE; PERFORMANCE; RESISTANCE; COLOR; BARS; MOLT AB The striking black and white plumage of the juvenile Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) provides all excellent opportunity to examine the 'placement of dark possible selective forces influencing the strategic placement pigmeinin birds. The conflict between opposing selective pressures first, toward large white patches, which may allay aggression in adults, and second, toward dark plumage to promote camouflage and limit solar and abrasive wear) provides the stage whereon are revealed a score of pigmentation traits of potential adaptive value. The general pigmentation trend is for zones that are more exposed to the still to be darker than elsewhere. More specifically: (1) for rectrices and remiges, outer webs are darker than inner; (2) for those few feathers (e.g., central rectrices, some scapulars, and some tertials), where both inner and outer webs are heavily and nearly equally solar exposed, pigmentation is supplied similarly on both webs; (3) outermost, primaries and rectrices are darkest of all and are structurally similar; (4) For central rectrices, subject to high levels of abrasion with substrate, the tip is paler (resultant flexibility may limit breakage); and (5) pigment is heavier along or oil the rachis than on the webs. Many of the traits listed above for the Golden Eagle are also found ill other families of birds. Traits of the tail common to many species were a terminal pale tip, a subterminal dark band, rachis darker than vane, and outer webs darker than inner for both remiges and rectrices. The most widespread traits likely have adaptive value. C1 USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Field Stn, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Sci, Dept Physiol Sci, Stillwater, OK 74079 USA. RP Ellis, DH (reprint author), Inst Raptor Studies, HC 1 Box 4420, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. EM dcellis@theriver.com NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2006)40[1:TAFAOG]2.0.CO;2 PG 28 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 047UU UT WOS:000237905000001 ER PT J AU Hobbs, RJ DeStefano, S Halvorson, WL AF Hobbs, Royden J. DeStefano, Stephen Halvorson, William L. TI Breeding biology and nest-site selection of red-tailed hawks in an altered desert grassland SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE red-tailed hawks; Buteo jamaicensis; desert grasslands; breeding biology; habitat selection; Arizona ID MAYFIELD METHOD; HABITAT; SUCCESS; POPULATIONS; BUTEO; SWAINSONS; WISCONSIN; SUBURBAN; MONTANA; RAPTORS AB Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) have expanded their range as trees have invaded formerly open grasslands. Desert grasslands of southern Arizona have been invaded by mesquite trees (Prosopis velutina) since Anglo-American settlement and now support a large population of Red-tailed Hawks. We studied a population of Red-tailed Hawks in an altered desert grassland in southern Arizona. Our objectives were to determine what environmental characteristics influence Red-tailed Hawk habitat selection in mesquite-invaded desert grasslands and to evaluate the habitat quality of these grasslands for Red-tailed Hawks based on nesting density, nest success, and productivity. Red-tailed Hawks had 86% (95% C.I. = 7399) nest success and 1.82 young per breeding pair (95% C.I. = 1.41-2.23). Nesting density was 0.15 (95% CI = 0.08-0.21) breeding pairs/km(2) and the mean nearest-neighbor distance was 1.95 km (95% C.I. = 1.74-2.16). Red-tailed Hawks selected nest-sites with taller nest-trees and greater tree height and cover than were available at random. Mesquite trees in desert grasslands provide abundant potential nesting structures for Red-tailed Hawks. C1 Univ Massachusetts, USGS Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Arizona, USGS Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP DeStefano, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, USGS Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM sdestef@forwild.umass.edu NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2006)40[38:BBANSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 047UU UT WOS:000237905000003 ER PT J AU Steenhof, K McKinley, JO AF Steenhof, K McKinley, JO TI Size dimorphism, molt status, and body mass variation of Prairie Falcons nesting in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Praire Falcon; Falco mexicanus; dimorphism; mass; molt; morphometric measures; nesting ID DISPERSAL; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT; IDAHO; SEX; AGE C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Steenhof, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM karen_steenhof@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2006)40[71:SDMSAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 047UU UT WOS:000237905000008 ER PT J AU Flocks, JG Ferina, NF Dreher, C Kindinger, JL Fitzgerald, DM Kulp, MA AF Flocks, JG Ferina, NF Dreher, C Kindinger, JL Fitzgerald, DM Kulp, MA TI High-resolution stratigraphy of a Mississippi subdelta-lobe progradation in the Barataria Bight, north-central Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; STACKING PATTERNS; DELTA PLAIN; RIVER DELTA; SHELF; ARCHITECTURE; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; MARINE; FRANCE AB The coastal zone of southeastern Louisiana is the product of numerous cycles of progradation, abandonment, and marine transgression of the Mississippi River delta. Currently, the shoreline in the Barataria Bight is undergoing significant erosion and retreat, and understanding its evolution is crucial in stabilization efforts. This study uses an extensive collection of geophysical and sediment core data from Barataria Bay and offshore to develop a geologic model of the shallow (< 10 m) subsurface. The purpose of the model is twofold: (1) establish the stratigraphic architecture of a subdelta lobe of the Bayou des Families delta, deposited by the Mississippi River approximately 4000 years before present; and (2) provide a high-resolution description of the geologic framework in a context that can be applied to coastal management issues in similar fluvially dominated coastal environments worldwide. The results of the study demonstrate how high-quality geologic data from the coastal environment can be used not only to further our understanding of shoreline evolution but also to provide pertinent information for coastal management needs. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Flocks, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jflocks@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 429 EP 443 DI 10.2110/jsr.2006.030 PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA 037SA UT WOS:000237166100005 ER PT J AU Draut, AE Clift, PD AF Draut, AE Clift, PD TI Sedimentary processes in modern and ancient oceanic arc settings: Evidence from the Jurassic Talkeetna Formation of Alaska and the Mariana and Tonga Arcs, western Pacific SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; ISLAND-ARC; FORE-ARC; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; SUBDUCTION EROSION; GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; WRANGELL MOUNTAINS; LADAKH-HIMALAYA; IGNEOUS ROCKS AB Sediment deposited around oceanic volcanic arcs potentially provides the most complete record of the tectonic and geochemical evolution of active margins. The use of such tectonic and geochemical records requires an accurate understanding of sedimentary dynamics in an arc setting: processes of deposition and reworking that affect the degree to which sediments represent the contemporaneous volcanism at the time of their deposition. We review evidence from the modern Mariana and Tonga arcs and the ancient arc crustal section in the Lower Jurassic Talkeetna Formation of south-central Alaska, and introduce new data from the Mariana Arc, to produce a conceptual model of volcaniclastic sedimentation processes in oceanic arc settings. All three arcs are interpreted to have formed in tectonically erosive margin settings, resulting in long-term extension and subsidence. Debris aprons composed of turbidites and debris flow deposits occur in the immediate vicinity of arc volcanoes, forming relatively continuous mass-wasted volcaniclastic records in abundant accommodation space. There is little erosion or reworking of old volcanic materials near the arc volcanic front. Tectonically generated topography in the forearc effectively blocks sediment flow from the volcanic front to the trench; although some canyons deliver sediment to the trench slope, most volcaniclastic sedimentation is limited to the area immediately around volcanic centers. Are sedimentary sections in erosive plate margins can provide comprehensive records of volcanism and tectonism spanning < 10 My. The chemical evolution of a limited section of an oceanic arc may be best reconstructed from sediments of the debris aprons for intervals up to similar to 20 My but no longer, because subduction erosion causes migration of the forearc basin crust and its sedimentary cover toward the trench, where there is little volcaniclastic sedimentation and where older sediments are dissected and reworked along the trench slope. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. RP Draut, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM adraut@usgs.gov OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 NR 88 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 493 EP 514 DI 10.2210/jsr.2006.044 PG 22 WC Geology SC Geology GA 037SA UT WOS:000237166100010 ER PT J AU Keszthelyi, L Self, S Thordarson, T AF Keszthelyi, L Self, S Thordarson, T TI Flood lavas on earth, Io and Mars SO JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCES; RIVER BASALT GROUP; JUPITERS MOON IO; KILAUEA VOLCANO; GALILEO SSI; EMPLACEMENT; FLOWS; PAHOEHOE; HAWAII; FIELD AB Flood lavas are major geological features on all the major rocky planetary bodies. They provide important insight into the dynamics and chemistry of the interior of these bodies. On the Earth, they appear to be associated with major and mass extinction events. It is therefore not surprising that there has been significant research on flood lavas in recent years. Initial models suggested eruption durations of days and volumetric fluxes of order 10(7) m(3) s(-1) with flows moving as turbulent floods. However, our understanding of how lava flows can be emplaced under an insulating crust was revolutionized by the observations of actively inflating pahoehoe flows in Hawaii. These new ideas led to the hypothesis that flood lavas were emplaced over many years with eruption rates of the order of 10(4) m(3) s(-1). The field evidence indicates that flood lava flows in the Columbia River Basalts, Deccan Traps, Etendeka lavas, and the Kerguelen Plateau were emplaced as inflated pahoehoe sheet flows. This was reinforced by the observation of active lava flows of >= 100 km length on to being formed as tube-fed flows fed by moderate eruption rates (10(2)-10(3) m(3) s(-1)). More recently it has been found that some flood lavas are also emplaced in a more rapid manner. New high-resolution images from Mars revealed 'platy-ridged' flood lava flows, named after the large rafted plates and ridges formed by compression of the flow top. A search for appropriate terrestrial analogues found an excellent example in Iceland: the 1783-1784 Laki Flow Field. The brecciated Laki flow top consists of pieces of pahoehoe, not aa clinker, leading us to call this 'rubbly pahoehoe'. Similar flows have been found in the Columbia River Basafts and the Kerguelen Plateau. We hypothesize that these flows form with a thick, insulating, but mobile crust, which is disrupted when surges in the erupted flux are too large to maintain the normal pahoehoe mode of emplacement. Flood lavas emplaced in this manner could have (intermittently) reached effusion rates of the order of 10(6) m(3) s(-1). C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Keszthelyi, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM laz@usgs.gov RI Thordarson, Thorvaldur/A-8990-2013; Thordarson, Thorvaldur/M-2422-2015 OI Thordarson, Thorvaldur/0000-0003-4011-7185 NR 64 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 8 U2 26 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0016-7649 J9 J GEOL SOC LONDON JI J. Geol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 163 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.1144/0016-764904-503 PN 2 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 018SF UT WOS:000235784400003 ER PT J AU Barnard, PL Owen, LA Finkel, RC AF Barnard, PL Owen, LA Finkel, RC TI Quaternary fans and terraces in the Khumbu Himal south of Mount Everest: their characteristics, age and formation SO JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CENTRAL NEPAL HIMALAYA; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; GARHWAL HIMALAYA; NORTHERN INDIA; PARAGLACIAL SEDIMENTATION; PRODUCTION-RATES; LAHUL-HIMALAYA; FLOW DEPOSITS; ALLUVIAL FANS AB Large fans and terraces are frequent in the Khumbu Himal within the high Himalayan valleys south of Mt. Everest. These features are composed of massive matrix- and clast-supported diamicts that were formed from both hyperconcentrated flows and coarse-grained debris flows. Cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) exposure ages for boulders on fans and terraces indicate that periods of fan and terrace formation occurred at c. 16, c. 12, c. 8, c. 4 and c. 1.5 ka, and are broadly coincident with the timing of glaciation in the region. The dating precision is insufficient to resolve whether the surfaces formed before, during or after the correlated glacial advance. However, the sedimentology, and morphostratigraphic and geomorphological relationships suggest that fan and terrace sedimentation in this part of the Himalaya primarily occurs during glacier retreat and is thus paraglacial in origin. Furthermore, modem glacial-lake outburst floods and their associated deposits are common in the Khumbu Himal as the result of glacial retreat during historical times. We therefore suggest that Late Quaternary and Holocene fan and terrace formation and sediment transfer are probably linked to temporal changes in discharge and sediment load caused by glacier oscillations responding to climate change. The timing of major sedimentation events in this region can be correlated with fans and terraces in other parts of the Himalaya, suggesting that major sedimentation throughout the Himalaya is synchronous and tied to regional climatic oscillations. Bedrock incision rates calculated from strath terrace ages average c. 3.9 mm a(-1), suggesting that the overall rate of incision is set by regional uplift. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pbarnard@usgs.gov NR 73 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0016-7649 J9 J GEOL SOC LONDON JI J. Geol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 163 BP 383 EP 399 DI 10.1144/0016-764904-157 PN 2 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 018SF UT WOS:000235784400013 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CS MacDonald, FA AF Shoemaker, C. S. MacDonald, F. A. TI The Shoemaker legacy to the Australian impact record (Reprinted from the Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol 52, pg 477-479, 2005) SO JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF INDIA LA English DT Reprint C1 USGS, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shoemaker, CS (reprint author), USGS, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC INDIA PI BANGALORE PA #64 12TH CROSS, BASAPPA LAYOUT P B 1922, GAVIPURAM PO, BANGALORE 560019, INDIA SN 0016-7622 J9 J GEOL SOC INDIA JI J. Geol. Soc. India PD MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 3 BP 401 EP 403 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 076UN UT WOS:000239983500013 ER PT J AU Esselman, PC Freeman, MC Pringle, CM AF Esselman, PC Freeman, MC Pringle, CM TI Fish-assemblage variation between geologically defined regions and across a longitudinal gradient in the Monkey River Basin, Belize SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE tropical streams; aquatic ecosystems; geology; longitudinal patterns; water chemistry; habitat; Mesoamerica ID BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; COSTA-RICA; STREAM; COMMUNITY; LANDSCAPE; FERTILIZATION; PATTERNS; MICHIGAN; GEOLOGY; SCALE AB Linkages between geology and fish assemblages have been inferred in many regions throughout the world, but no studies have yet investigated whether fish assemblages differ across geologies in Mesoamerica. The goals of our study were to: 1) compare physicochemical conditions and fish-assemblage structure across 2 geologic types in headwaters of the Monkey River Basin, Belize, and 2) describe basin-scale patterns in fish community composition and structure for the benefit of conservation efforts. We censused headwater-pool fishes by direct observation, and assessed habitat size, structure, and water chemistry to compare habitat and fish richness, diversity, evenness, and density between streams in the variably metamorphosed sedimentary geologic type typical of 80% of Belize's Maya Mountains (the Santa Rosa Group), and an anomalous extrusive geologic formation in the same area (the Bladen Volcanic Member). We also collected species-presence data from 20 sites throughout the basin for analyses of compositional patterns from the headwaters to the top of the estuary. Thirty-nine fish species in 21 families were observed. Poeciliids were numerically dominant, making up 39% of individuals captured, followed by characins (25%), and cichlids (20%). Cichlidae was the most species-rich family (7 spp.), followed by Poeciliidae (6 spp.). Habitat size and water chemistry differed strongly between geologic types, but habitat diversity did not. Major fish-assemblage differences also were not obvious between geologies, despite a marked difference in the presence of the aquatic macrophyte, Marathrum oxycarpum (Podostemaceae), which covered 37% of the stream bottom in high-nutrient streams draining the Santa Rosa Group, and did not occur in the low-P streams draining the Bladen Volcanic Member. Correlation analyses suggested that distance from the sea and amount of cover within pools are important to fish-assemblage structure, but that differing abiotic factors may influence assemblage structure within each geologic type. The fauna showed weak compositional zonation into 3 groups (headwaters, coastal plain, and nearshore). Nearly 20% of the fish species collected have migratory life cycles (including Joturus pichardi, Agonostomus monticola, and Gobiomorus dormitor) that use freshwater and marine habitats. Some of these species probably rely on a natural flow regime and longitudinal connectivity for reproduction and dispersal of young, and natural flow regime and longitudinal connectivity are important factors for maintenance of functional linkages between the uplands and the coast in the ridge-to-reef corridor where the Monkey River is located. Therefore, we suggest that the viability of migratory fish populations may be a good biological indicator of upland-to-estuary connectivity important both to fishes and coastal ecosystem function. We recommend follow-up studies to substantiate the relative strengths of relationships between community structure and abiotic factors in contrasting geologies and to examine potential bottom-up responses of stream biota to the higher nutrient levels that were observed in stream waters draining the Santa Rosa Group geologic type. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Esselman, PC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM esselman@umich.edu; mary@ttrout.ecology.uga.edu; cpringle@uga.edu RI Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012 NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 26 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 142 EP 156 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[142:FVBGDR]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 029LX UT WOS:000236565400012 ER PT J AU Calvert, AT Lanphere, MA AF Calvert, AT Lanphere, MA TI Argon geochronology of Kilauea's early submarine history SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE Kilauea; Ar-40/Ar-39; subinarine; geochronology; alkalic; transitional; basalt ID SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; VOLCANO GROWTH; HAWAII; CORE; EVOLUTION; LAVAS; AR-40/AR-39; BASALTS; HOLE; AGE AB Submarine alkalic and transitional basalts collected by submersible along Kilauea volcano's south flank represent early eruptive products from Earth's most active volcano. Strongly alkalic basalt fragments sampled from volcaniclastic deposits below the mid-slope Hilina Bench yield Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from 212 +/- 38 to 280 +/- 20 ka. These ages are similar to high-precision 234 +/- 9 and 239 +/- 10 ka phlogopite ages from nephelinite clasts in the same deposits. Above the mid-slope bench, two intact alkalic to transitional pillow lava sequences protrude through the younger sediment apron. Samples collected from a weakly alkalic basalt section yield 138 +/- 30 to 166 +/- 26 ka ages and others from a transitional basalt section yield 138 +/- 115 and 228 +/- 114 ka ages. The ages are incompatible with previous unspiked K-Ar studies from samples in deep drill holes along the east rift of Kilauea. The submarine birth of Kilauea volcano is estimated at < 300 ka. If the weakly alkalic sequence we dated is representative of the volcano as a whole, the transition from alkalic to tholeiitic basalt compositions is dated at similar to 150 ka. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Calvert, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM acalvert@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 151 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.023 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 027IN UT WOS:000236409000002 ER PT J AU Coombs, M Eakins, B Cervelli, P AF Coombs, M Eakins, B Cervelli, P TI Growth and collapse of Hawaiian volcanoes SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USGS, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Coombs, M (reprint author), USGS, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 151 IS 1-3 BP VII EP VIII DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.022 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 027IN UT WOS:000236409000001 ER PT J AU Coombs, ML Sisson, TW Lipman, PW AF Coombs, ML Sisson, TW Lipman, PW TI Growth history of Kilauea inferred from volatile concentrations in submarine-collected basalts SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE alkalic; basalt; Hawaii; Kilauea volcano; submarine eruption; volatiles; volcano growth ID EAST RIFT-ZONE; MAUNA-KEA VOLCANO; SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; CARBON-DIOXIDE SOLUBILITIES; GIANT HAWAIIAN LANDSLIDES; LAVA FLOWS; ALKALIC BASALTS; SULFUR-CONTENT; LOA-VOLCANO; SOUTH FLANK AB Major-element and volatile (H(2)O, CO(2), S) compositions of glasses from the submarine flanks of Kilauea Volcano record its growth from pre-shield into tholeiite shield-stage. Pillow lavas of mildly alkalic basalt at 2600-1900 mbsl on the upper slope of the south flank are an intermediate link between deeper alkalic volcaniclastics and the modern tholeiite shield. Lava clast glasses from the west flank of Papau Seamount are subaerial Mauna Loa-like tholeiite and mark the contact between the two volcanoes. H(2)O and CO, in sandstone and breccia glasses from the Hilina bench, and in alkalic to tholeiitic pillow glasses above and to the east, were measured by FTIR. Volatile saturation pressures equal sampling depths (10 MPa= 1000 m water) for south flank and Puna Ridge pillow lavas, suggesting recovery near eruption depths and/or vapor re-equilibration during down-slope flow. South flank glasses are divisible into low-pressure (CO(2) < 40 ppm, H(2)O < 0.5 wt.%. S < 500 ppm), moderate-pressure (CO(2) < 40 ppm, H(2)O > 0.5 wt.%, S 1000-1700 ppm), and high-pressure groups (CO(2) > 40 ppm, S >-1000 ppm), corresponding to eruption >= sea level, at moderate water depths (300-1000 m) or shallower but in disequilibrium, and in deep water (> 1000 m). Saturation pressures range widely in early alkalic to strongly alkalic breccia clast and sandstone glasses, establishing that early Kilauea's vents spanned much of Mauna Loa's submarine flank, with sonic vents exceeding sea level. Later south flank alkalic pillow lavas expose a sizeable submarine edifice that grew concurrent with nearby subaerial alkalic eruptions. The onset of the tholeiitic shield stage is marked by extension of eruptions eastward and into deeper water (to 5500 m) during growth of the Puna Ridge. Subaerial and shallow water eruptions from earliest Kilauea show that it is underlain shallowly by Mauna Loa, implying that Mauna Loa is larger, and Kilauea smaller, than previously recognized. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Coombs, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mcoombs@usgs.gov NR 104 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 151 IS 1-3 BP 19 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.037 PG 31 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 027IN UT WOS:000236409000003 ER PT J AU Kimura, J Sisson, TW Nakano, N Coombs, ML Lipman, PW AF Kimura, J Sisson, TW Nakano, N Coombs, ML Lipman, PW TI Isotope geochemistry of early Kilauea magmas from the submarine Hilina bench: The nature of the Hilina mantle component SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE basalt; plume; hotspot; Hilina bench; Kilauea; Hawaii; geochemistry; isotope ID SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIVERSE BASALT TYPES; HAWAIIAN PLUME; LOIHI SEAMOUNT; MAUNA-LOA; HONOLULU VOLCANICS; ALKALIC BASALT; KOOLAU VOLCANO; DOUBLE SPIKE AB Submarine lavas recovered from the Hilina bench region, offshore Kilauea, Hawaii Island provide information on ancient Kilauea volcano and the geochemical components of the Hawaiian hotspot. Alkalic lavas, including nephelinite, basanite, hawaiite, and alkali basalt, dominate the earliest stage of Kilauea magmatism. Transitional basalt pillow lavas are an intermediate phase, preceding development of the voluminous tholeiitic subaerial shield and submarine Puna Ridge. Most alkalic through transitional lavas are quite uniform in Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes, supporting the interpretation that variable extent partial melting of a relatively homogeneous source was responsible for much of the geochemical diversity of early Kilauea magmas (Sisson et al., 2002). These samples are among the highest Pb-206/Pb-204 known from Hawaii and may represent melts from a distinct geochemical and isotopic end-member involved in the generation of most Hawaiian tholeiites. This end-member is similar to the postulated literature Kea component, but we propose that it should be renamed Hilina, to avoid confusion with the geographically defined Kea-trend volcanoes. Isotopic compositions of some shield-stage Kilauea tholeiites overlap the Hilina end-member but most deviate far into the interior of the isotopic field defined by magmas from other Hawaiian volcanoes, reflecting the introduction of melt contributions from both "Koolau" (high Sr-87/(86S)r, low Pb-206/Pb-204) and depleted (low Sr-87/Sr-86, intermediate Pb-206/Pb-204) source materials. This shift in isotopic character from nearly uniform, end-member, and alkalic, to diverse and tholeiitic corresponds with the major increase in Kilauea's magmatic productivity. Two popular geodynamic models can account for these relations: (1) The upwelling mantle source could be concentrically zoned in both chemical/isotopic composition, and in speed/extent of upwelling, with Hilina (and Loihi) components situated in the weakly ascending margins and the Koolau component in the interior. The depleted component could be refractory and spread throughout or scavenged from the overlying lithosphere. (2) The Hilina (and Loihi) components could be a more fertile material (lower melting temperature) spread irregularly throughout the Hawaiian source in a matrix of more refractory depleted and Koolau compositions. Modest upwelling along the leading hotspot margin melts the fertile domains predominantly, while the refractory matrix also partially melts in the more vigorously upwelling hotspot interior, diluting the Hilina and Loihi components and yielding voluminous isotopically diverse tholeiitic magmas. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Shimane Univ, Dept Geosci, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Kimura, J (reprint author), Shimane Univ, Dept Geosci, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. EM jkimura@riko.shimane-u.ac.jp NR 88 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 151 IS 1-3 BP 51 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.024 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 027IN UT WOS:000236409000004 ER PT J AU Lipman, PW Sisson, TW Coombs, ML Calvert, A Kimura, J AF Lipman, PW Sisson, TW Coombs, ML Calvert, A Kimura, J TI Piggyback tectonics: Long-term growth of Kilauea on the south flank of Mauna Loa SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE Hawaii; Kilauea; Mauna Loa; flank structure; growth history ID SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; OCEAN-ISLAND VOLCANOS; EAST RIFT-ZONE; HAWAIIAN VOLCANOS; LAVA FLOWS; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; SEISMIC-REFLECTION; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; SUBMARINE GROWTH; 1975 KALAPANA AB Compositional and age data from offshore pillow lavas and volcaniclastic sediments, along with on-land geologic, seismic, and deformation data, provide broad perspectives on the early growth of Kilauea Volcano and the long-term geometric evolution of its rift zones. Sulfur-rich glass rinds on pillow lavas and volcaniclastic sediments derived from them document early underwater growth of a large compositionally diverse alkalic edifice. The alkalic rocks yield (40)Ar/(39)Ar ages as old as about 275 ka; transitional-composition lavas, which mark beginning of the shield stage while most or all the edifice remained below sea level, probably first erupted after about 150 ka, and tholeiitic lavas of present-day type are probably younger than 100 ka. Breccia clasts from Papau Seamount and along the lower southwest corner of the Hilina bench are derived from subaerial Mauna Loa, requiring that Mauna Loa's flank underlies western parts of Kilauea at shallow depth. The volume of the Kilauea edifice is therefore smaller (similar to 10,000 km(3)) than previous estimates (15-40,000 km(3)); lava-thickness accurnulation rates appear to have remained nearly constant during edifice growth, as effusion rates increased from similar to 25 x 10(6) m(3)/yr at end of the alkalic stage to the present-day tholeiite rate of similar to 100 x 10(6) m(3)/yr. Seismic and gravity data show that the deep plumbing system for Kilauea's magma supply extends nearly vertically through the oceanic crust at least to mantle depths of 30-35 km, directly below its present-day caldera. Proximity of Kilauea caldera to the surface boundary with Mauna Loa and the presence of Mauna Loa rocks at shallow depth beneath the south flank are difficult to reconcile with a submarine origin for early Kilauea alkalic lavas, unless geometric relations between the two volcanoes have changed substantially during growth of the Kilauea shield. Seismic and ground deformation data suggest seaward spreading of the entire south flank of Hawai'i Island, independently of the boundary between Kilauea and Mauna Loa, along a landward-dipping detachment fault system near the basal contact of the composite volcanic edifices with underlying oceanic crust. Current steady-state horizontal displacements increase seaward, at rates of similar to 1.5 cm/yr on the lower flank of Mauna Loa and reaching 5-8 cm/yr at the Kilauea coastline. Infrequent (similar to 100 yr?) large earthquakes generate similar geometries, but 10(2) larger displacements per event. Present-day Kilauea is the more dynamic edifice, but prior to inception of Kilauea and during its early growth, Mauna Loa is inferred to have undergone intense volcano spreading, involving the Kaoiki-Honuapo fault system (considered a geometric analog of the Hilina system on Kilauea). Cumulative deformation of Mauna Loa's South flank during growth of Kilauea since 200-300 ka is estimated to have involved > 10 km of seaward spreading, displacing the rift zones of Kilauea while its deep plumbing system and summit magma reservoir remained nearly fixed in space. Kilauea's rift zones, rather than migrating southward with time solely due to dike emplacement preferentially on the mobile seaward side, alternatively are interpreted to have been transported passively southward, "piggyback" style, during shield-stage growth of Kilauea as a blister on the still-mobile south flank of Mauna Loa. Such an evolution of Kilauea accounts for the arcuate geometry of the present-day rift zones, proximity of the summit magma supply to the exposed flank of Mauna Loa, initial submarine growth of the ancestral edifice, and present-day location of Mauna Loa rocks at shallow depth beneath the south flank of Kilauea. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaskan Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Shimane Univ, Dept Geosci, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. RP Lipman, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM plipman@usgs.gov NR 143 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 151 IS 1-3 BP 73 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.032 PG 36 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 027IN UT WOS:000236409000005 ER PT J AU Hammer, JE Coombs, ML Shamberger, PJ Kimura, J AF Hammer, JE Coombs, ML Shamberger, PJ Kimura, J TI Submarine sliver in North Kona: A window into the early magmatic and growth history of Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE ocean islands; basalt; hawaiite; sulfur; submarine landslide; geochemistry ID MAUNA-KEA VOLCANO; SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; DIVERSE BASALT TYPES; KILAUEA VOLCANO; POSTSHIELD VOLCANISM; ALKALIC BASALTS; BENEATH HAWAII; LOIHI SEAMOUNT; LOA-VOLCANO; LAVA FLOWS AB Two manned submersible dives examined the Hualalai Northwest rift zone and an elongate ridge cresting at 3900 mbsl during a 2002 JAMSTEC cruise. The rift zone flank at dive site S690 (water depth 3412-2104 m) is draped by elongated and truncated pillow lavas. These olivine-rich tholeiitic lavas are compositionally indistinguishable from those examined further south along the bench, except that they span a wider range in dissolved sulfur content (200-1400 ppm). The elongate ridge investigated in dive S692, located at the base of the bench, is a package of distinct lithologic units containing volcaniclastic materials, glassy pillow breccias, and lava blocks; these units contain a range of compositions including tholeiitic basalt, transitional basalt, and hawaiite. The textures, compositions, and stratigraphic relationships of materials within the elongate ridge require that a variety of transport mechanisms juxtaposed materials from multiple eruptions into individual beds, compacted them into a coherent package of units, and brought the package to its present depth 10 km from the edge of the North Kona slump bench. Sulfur-rich hawaiite glasses at the base of the elongate ridge may represent the first extant representatives of juvenile alkalic volcanism at Hualalai. They are geochemically distinct from shield tholeiite and post-shield alkalic magmas, but may be related to transitional basalt by high-pressure crystal fractionation of clinopyroxene. Tholeiitic glasses that compose the majority of the exposed outcrop are similar to Mauna Kea tholeiites and other Hualalai tholeiites, but they differ from younger basalts in having greater incompatible element enrichments and higher CaO for a given MgO. These differences could arise from small extents of partial melting during the transition from alkalic to shield stage magmatism. Low sulfur contents of most of the volcaniclastic tholeiites point to early emergence of Hualalai above sea level relative to the development of the midslope slump bench. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Shimane Univ, Dept Geosci, Matsue, Shimane 6900853, Japan. RP Hammer, JE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1680 EW Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jhammer@hawaii.edu RI Shamberger, Patrick/I-8999-2012; Shamberger, Patrick/C-4795-2014 OI Shamberger, Patrick/0000-0003-4190-2070; Shamberger, Patrick/0000-0002-8737-6064 NR 102 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 151 IS 1-3 BP 157 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.028 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 027IN UT WOS:000236409000009 ER PT J AU Lipman, PW Coombs, ML AF Lipman, PW Coombs, ML TI North Kona slump: Submarine flank failure during the early(?) tholeiitic shield stage of Hualalai Volcano SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE Hawaii; Hualalai; tholeiitic shield; rift zones; submarine structure; slumps and landslides ID MAUNA-LOA-VOLCANO; OCEAN-ISLAND VOLCANOS; EAST RIFT-ZONE; KILAUEA VOLCANO; HAWAIIAN VOLCANOS; PUNA RIDGE; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; GIANT LANDSLIDES; LAVA AB The North Kona Slump is an elliptical region, about 20 by 60 km (1000-km(2) area), of multiple, geometrically intricate benches and scarps, mostly at water depths of 2000-4500 m, on the west flank of Hualalai Volcano. Two dives up steep scarps in the slump area were made in September 200 1, using the ROV Kaiko of the Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC), as part of a collaborative Japan-USA project to improve understanding of the submarine flanks of Hawaiian volcanoes. Both dives, at water depths of 2700-4000 m, encountered pillow lavas draping the scarp-and-bench slopes. Intact to only slightly broken pillow lobes and cylinders that are downward elongate dominate on the steepest mid-sections of scarps, while more equant and spherical pillow shapes are common near the tops and bases of scarps and locally protrude through cover Of Muddy sediment on bench flats. Notably absent are subaerially erupted Hualalai lava flows, interbedded hyaloclastite pillow breccia, and/or coastal sandy sediment that might have accumulated downslope from an active coastline. The general structure of the North Kona flank is interpreted as an intricate assemblage of downdropped lenticular blocks, bounded by steeply dipping normal faults. The undisturbed pillow-lava drape indicates that slumping occurred during shield-stage tholeiitic volcanism. All analyzed samples of the pillow-lava drape are tholeiite, similar to published analyses from the submarine northwest rift zone of Hualalai. Relatively low sulfur (330-600 ppm) and water (0.18-0.47 wt.%) contents of glass rinds Suggest that the eruptive sources were in shallow water, perhaps 500-1000-m depth. In Contrast, saturation pressures calculated from carbon dioxide concentrations (100-190 ppm) indicate deeper equilibration, at or near sample sites at water depths of -3900 to -2800 m. Either vents close to the sample sites erupted mixtures of undegassed and degassed magmas, or volatiles were resorbed from vesicles during flowage downslope after eruption in shallow water. The glass volatile compositions suggest that the tholeiitic lavas that drape the slump blocks were erupted either (1) early during shield-stage tholeiitic volcanism prior to emergence of a large subaerial edifice, or alternatively (2) from submarine radial vents during subaerial shield-building. Because no radial vents have been documented on land or underwater for the unbuttressed flanks of any Hawaii volcano, alternative (1) is favored. In comparison to other well-documented Hawaiian slumps and landslides, North Kona structures suggest a more incipient slump event, with smaller down-slope motions and lateral displacements. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Lipman, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM plipman@usgs.gov NR 93 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 151 IS 1-3 BP 189 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.029 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 027IN UT WOS:000236409000010 ER PT J AU Eakins, BW Robinson, JE AF Eakins, BW Robinson, JE TI Submarine geology of Hana Ridge and Haleakala Volcano's northeast flank, Maui SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE Haleakala Volcano; Hana Ridge; hana slump; geologic map; submarine morphology; landslides ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; SOUTH FLANK; SEISMIC-REFLECTION; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; SEDIMENT WAVES; SLOPE FAILURE; RIFT-ZONE; HAWAII; LANDSLIDES; SUBSIDENCE AB We present a morphostructural analysis of the submarine portions of Haleakala Volcano and environs, based upon a 4-year program of geophysical surveys and submersible explorations of the underwater flanks of Hawaiian volcanoes that was conducted by numerous academic and governmental research organizations in Japan and the U.S. and funded primarily by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology. A resulting reconnaissance geologic map features the 135-km-long Hana Ridge, the 3000 km 2 Hana slump on the volcano's northeast flank, and island-surrounding terraces that are the submerged parts of volcanic shields. Hana Ridge below 2000 m water depth exhibits the lobate morphology typical of the subaqueously erupted parts of Hawaiian rift zones, with some important distinctions: namely, subparallel crestlines, which we propose result from the down-rift migration of offsets in the dike intrusion zone, and an amphitheater at its distal toe, where a submarine landslide has embayed the ridge tip. Deformation of Haleakala's northeast flank is limited to that part identified as the Hana slump, which lies downslope from the volcano's submerged shield, indicating that flank mobility is also limited in plan, inconsistent with hypothesized volcanic spreading driven by rift-zone dilation. The leading edge of the slump has transverse basins and ridges that resemble the thrust ramps of accretionary prisms, and we present a model to describe the slump's development that emphasizes the role of coastally generated fragmental basalt on gravitational instability of Haleakala's northeast flank and that may be broadly applicable to other ocean-island slumps. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Eakins, BW (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0205, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM beakins@ucsd.edu NR 71 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 151 IS 1-3 BP 229 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.034 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 027IN UT WOS:000236409000012 ER PT J AU Robinson, JE Eakins, BW AF Robinson, JE Eakins, BW TI Calculated volumes of individual shield volcanoes at the young end of the Hawaiian Ridge SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE Hawaiian volcanoes; volcano volumes; magma supply rates ID K-AR AGES; CONVECTION; ORIGIN; MANTLE; ISLANDS; GEOLOGY; GROWTH; MODELS AB High-resolution multibeam bathymetry and a digital elevation model of the Hawaiian Islands are used to calculate the volumes of individual shield volcanoes and island complexes (Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, the Maui Nui complex, and Hawaii), taking into account subsidence of the Pacific plate under the load of the Hawaiian Ridge. Our calculated volume for the Island of Hawaii and its Submarine extent (213 x 10(3) km(3)) is nearly twice the previous estimate (113 x 10(3) km(3)), due primarily to crustal subsidence that had not been accounted for in the earlier work. The volcanoes that make up the Island of Hawaii (Mahukona, Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, Kilauea and Loihi) are generally considered to have been formed within the past million years, and our revised volume for the island indicates that magma supply rates are greater than previously estimated, 0.21 km(3)/yr as opposed to -0.1 km(3)/yr. This result also shows that compared with rates calculated for the Hawaiian Islands (06 Ma, 0.095 km(3)/yr), the Hawaiian Ridge (0-45 Ma, 0.017 km(3)/yr),and the Emperor Seamounts (45-80 Ma, 0.010 km(3)/yr), magma supply rates have increased dramatically to build the Island of Hawaii. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Robinson, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrobins@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 151 IS 1-3 BP 309 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.033 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 027IN UT WOS:000236409000016 ER PT J AU Puleo, JA Mouraenko, O Hanes, DM AF Puleo, JA Mouraenko, O Hanes, DM TI Closure to "One-dimensional wave bottom boundary layer model comparison: Specific eddy viscosity and turbulence closure models" by Jack A. Puleo, Oleg Mouraenko, and Daniel M. Hanes - Novernber/December 2004, Vol. 130, No. 6, pp. 322-325. SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; OSCILLATORY FLOW; ROUGH BEDS; SMOOTH C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Florida, Civil & Coastal Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USGS, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Puleo, JA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jpuleo@coastal.udel.edu; moleg@coastal.ufl.edu; dhanes@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 132 IS 2 BP 141 EP 142 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2004)130:6(322) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 017CM UT WOS:000235671700010 ER PT J AU Graham, JL Jones, JR Jones, SB Clevenger, TE AF Graham, JL Jones, JR Jones, SB Clevenger, TE TI Spatial and temporal dynamics of microcystin in a Missouri reservoir SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE microcystin; cyanotoxin; cyanobacteria; vertical distribution; field experiments; Midwest; ELISA ID ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; WATER LAKES; AERUGINOSA; NITROGEN; TOXINS; BLOOM AB Environmental factors associated with spatiotemporal variation of microcystin (MC) in Mozingo Lake, a Missouri reservoir, were studied during summer 2001, and annual MC trends were characterized from May 2001-May 2002. MC increased during summer, ranging from 20 to 1220 ng/L. Seasonal patterns in MC corresponded with chlorophyll > 35 mu m (Net Chl) and cyanobacterial biovolume associated with increased dominance by Microcystis and Anabaena. MC showed strong negative correlations with dissolved nitrogen (r=-0.95) and cations (r=-0.98), and strong positive correlations with Net Chl (r=0.91). Once the lake stratified, MC and Net Chl remained uniform throughout the photic zone and decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the aphotic zone. Field experiments indicated MC did not change independently of Net Chl in response to decreased light or increased nutrients; however, enclosure effects may have substantially influenced experimental results. Mozingo Lake MC was tightly coupled with seasonal lake processes, including stratification and nutrient loss from the epilimnion, and cyanobacterial community composition, abundance and distribution in the water column. MC was detected in all monthly samples suggesting the potential for problems associated with MC exists year round, but peaks in early fall presented the greatest concern in Mozingo Lake. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USGS, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Graham, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM jlgraham@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 EI 2151-5530 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 030JX UT WOS:000236631800006 ER PT J AU Jibson, RW AF Jibson, RW TI The 2005 La Conchita, California, landslide SO LANDSLIDES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jibson, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jibson@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-510X J9 LANDSLIDES JI Landslides PD MAR PY 2006 VL 3 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s10346-005-0011-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 031QF UT WOS:000236718400008 ER PT J AU Wright, TL Klein, FW AF Wright, TL Klein, FW TI Deep magma transport at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii SO LITHOS LA English DT Article DE magma transport; Kilauea; age; long-period earthquakes; brittle-failure earthquakes; Hawaiian hotspot ID EAST RIFT-ZONE; LAVAS 1790-1982; UPPER-MANTLE; BENEATH; ERUPTION; HOTSPOT; EARTHQUAKE; GROWTH; CORE; SEAMOUNT AB The shallow part of Kilauea's magma system is conceptually well-understood. Long-period and short-period (brittle-failure) earthquake swarms outline a near-vertical magma transport path beneath Kilauea's summit to 20 km depth. A gravity high centered above the magma transport path demonstrates that Kilauea's shallow magma system, established early in the volcano's history, has remained fixed in place. Low seismicity at 4-7 km outlines a storage region from which magma is supplied for eruptions and intrusions. Brittle-failure earthquake swarms shallower than 5 km beneath the rift zones accompany dike emplacement. Sparse earthquakes extend to a decollement at 10-12 km along which the south flank of Kilauea is sliding seaward. This zone below 5 km can sustain aseismic magma transport, consistent with recent tomographic studies. Long-period earthquake clusters deeper than 40 kin occur parallel to and offshore of Kilauea's south coast, defining the deepest seismic response to magma transport from the Hawaiian hot spot. A path connecting the shallow and deep long-period earthquakes is defined by mainshock-aftershock locations of brittle-failure earthquakes unique to Kilauea whose hypocenters are deeper than 25 km with magnitudes from 4.4 to 5.2. Separation of deep and shallow long-period clusters occurs as the shallow plumbing moves with the volcanic edifice, while the deep plumbing is centered over the hotspot. Recent GPS data agrees with the volcano-propagation vector from Kauai to Maui, suggesting that Pacific plate motion, azimuth 293.5 degrees and rate of 7.4 cm/yr, has been constant over Kilauea's lifetime. However, volcano propagation on the island of Hawaii, azimuth 325 degrees, rate 13 cm/yr, requires southwesterly migration of the locus of melting within the broad hotspot. Deep, long-period earthquakes lie west of the extrapolated position of Kilauea backward in time along a plate-motion vector, requiring southwesterly migration of Kilauea's magma source. Assumed ages of 0.4 my for Kilauea and 0.8 my for Mauna Loa are consistent with this model. Younger ages would apply if Kilauea began its growth south of the locus of maximum melting, as is true for Loihi seamount. We conclude that Kilauea is fed from below the eastern end of the zone of deep long-period earthquakes. Magma transport is vertical below 30 km, then sub-horizontal, following the oceanic mantle boundary separating plagioclase- and spinel-peridotite, then near-vertical beneath Kilauea's summit. The migration of the melting region within the hotspot and Kilauea's sampling of different sources within the melting region can explain (1) the long-term geochemical separation of Kilauea from neighboring volcanoes Mauna Loa and Loihi, and (2) the short-term changes in trace-element and isotope signatures within Kilauea. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wright, TL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM twright@usgs.gov; klein@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD MAR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 1-2 BP 50 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2005.05.004 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 028AA UT WOS:000236456500004 ER PT J AU Mello, EF Xavier, RP McNaughton, NJ Hagemann, SG Fletcher, I Snee, L AF Mello, EF Xavier, RP McNaughton, NJ Hagemann, SG Fletcher, I Snee, L TI Age constraints on felsic intrusions, metamorphism and gold mineralisation in the Palaeoproterozoic Rio Itapicuru greenstone belt, NE Bahia State, Brazil SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article DE SHRIMP; U-Pb geochronology; Ar-Ar dating; trans-Amazonian cycle; gold metallogeny; Rio Itapicuru greenstone belt; Sao Francisco Craton; Brazil ID U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; WEST-AFRICA; CRUSTAL EVOLUTION; SHEAR ZONE; 2.1 GA; ZIRCON; GHANA; GNEISS; SHIELD; ROCKS AB U-Pb sensitive high resolution ion microprobe mass spectrometer (SHRIMP) ages of zircon, monazite and xenotime crystals from felsic intrusive rocks from the Rio Itapicuru greenstone belt show two development stages between 2,152 and 2,130 Ma, and between 2,130 and 2,080 Ma. The older intrusions yielded ages of 2,152 +/- 6 Ma in monazite crystals and 2,155 +/- 9 Ma in zircon crystals derived from the Trilhado granodiorite, and ages of 2,130 +/- 7 Ma and 2,128 8 Ma in zircon crystals derived from the Teofilandia tonalite. The emplacement age of the syntectonic Arnbrosio dome as indicated by a 2,080 +/- 2-Ma xenotime age for a granite dyke probably marks the end of the felsic magmatism. This age shows good agreement with the Ar-Ar plateau age of 2,080 +/- 5 Ma obtained in hornblendes from an amphibolite and with a U-Pb SHRIMP age of 2,076 +/- 10 Ma in detrital zircon crystals from a quartzite, interpreted as the age of the peak of the metamorphism. The predominance of inherited zircons in the syntectonic Ambrosio dome suggests that the basement of the supracrustal rocks was composed of Archaean continental crust with components of 2,937 +/- 16, 3,111 +/- 13 and 3,162 +/- 13 Ma. Ar-Ar plateau ages of 2,050 +/- 4 Ma and 2,054 +/- 2 Ma on hydrothermal muscovite samples from the Fazenda Brasileiro gold deposit are interpreted as minimum ages for gold mineralisation and close to the true age of gold deposition. The Ar-Ar data indicate that the mineralisation must have occurred less than 30 million years after the peak of the metamorphism, or episodically between 2,080 Ma and 2,050 Ma, during uplift and exhumation of the orogen. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Ciencias Matemat & Nat, Inst Geociencias, Dept Geol, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Inst Geociencias, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Western Australia, Dept Geol & Geophys, Ctr Global Metallogeny, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mello, EF (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Ciencias Matemat & Nat, Inst Geociencias, Dept Geol, Av Brigadeiro Trompowski S-N,Cidade Univ,Ilha Fun, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM mello@geologia.ufrj.br RI McNaughton, Neal/E-3884-2014 NR 80 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 8 BP 849 EP 866 DI 10.1007/s00126-005-0037-3 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 026FZ UT WOS:000236326100004 ER PT J AU Bierlein, FP Groves, DI Goldfarb, RJ Dube, B AF Bierlein, FP Groves, DI Goldfarb, RJ Dube, B TI Lithospheric controls on the formation of provinces hosting giant orogenic gold deposits SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Review DE orogenic gold; giant gold deposits; metallogeny; tectonics; lithosphere; endowment ID SUKUMALAND GREENSTONE-BELT; BEARING QUARTZ VEINS; ENGLAND FOLD BELT; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; AGE CONSTRAINTS; YILGARN-CRATON; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; TIMING RELATIONSHIPS AB Ages of giant gold systems (>500 t gold) cluster within well-defined periods of lithospheric growth at continental margins, and it is the orogen-scale processes during these mainly Late Archaean, Palaeoproterozoic and Phanerozoic times that ultimately determine gold endowment of a province in an orogen. A critical factor for giant orogenic gold provinces appears to be thickness of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) beneath a province at the time of gold mineralisation, as giant gold deposits are much more likely to develop in orogens with subducted oceanic or thin continental lithosphere. A proxy for the latter is a short pre-mineralisation crustal history such that thick SCLM was not developed before gold deposition. In constrast, orogens with protracted pre-mineralisation crustal histories are more likely to be characterised by a thick SCLM that is difficult to delaminate, and hence, such provinces will normally be poorly endowed. The nature of the lithosphere also influences the intrinsic gold concentrations of potential source rocks, with back-arc basalts, transitional basalts and basanites enriched in gold relative to other rock sequences. Thus, segments of orogens with thin lithosphere may enjoy the conjunction of giant-scale fluid flux through gold-enriched sequences. Although the nature of the lithosphere plays the crucial role in dictating which orogenic gold provinces will contain one or more giant deposits, the precise siting of those giants depends on the critical conjunction of a number of province-scale factors. Such features control plumbing systems, traps and seals in tectonically and lithospherically suitable terranes within orogens. C1 Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geophys Sci, Tecton Special Res Ctr, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geophys Sci, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. RP Bierlein, FP (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geophys Sci, Tecton Special Res Ctr, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM fbierlein@tsrc.uwa.edu.au NR 102 TC 85 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 8 BP 874 EP 886 DI 10.1007/s00126-005-0046-2 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 026FZ UT WOS:000236326100006 ER PT J AU Geist, EL Parsons, T AF Geist, EL Parsons, T TI Probabilistic analysis of tsunami hazards SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Review DE tsunami; probabilistic hazard analysis; seismic hazard analysis; Monte Carlo; tide gauge; empirical; power-law ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PARAMETERS; SYNTHETIC SEISMICITY MODEL; MOMENT-FREQUENCY RELATION; MIDDLE AMERICA TRENCH; MONTE-CARLO APPROACH; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; GUTENBERG-RICHTER; WASHINGTON MARGIN; SCALING RELATIONS AB Determining the likelihood of a disaster is a key component of any comprehensive hazard assessment. This is particularly true for tsunamis, even though most tsunami hazard assessments have in the past relied on scenario or deterministic type models. We discuss probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis (PTHA) from the standpoint of integrating computational methods with empirical analysis of past tsunami runup. PTHA is derived from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), with the main difference being that PTHA must account for far-field sources. The computational methods rely on numerical tsunami propagation models rather than empirical attenuation relationships as in PSHA in determining ground motions. Because a number of source parameters affect local tsunami runup height, PTHA can become complex and computationally intensive. Empirical analysis can function in one of two ways, depending on the length and completeness of the tsunami catalog. For site-specific studies where there is sufficient tsunami runup data available, hazard curves can primarily be derived from empirical analysis, with computational methods used to highlight deficiencies in the tsunami catalog. For region-wide analyses and sites where there are little to no tsunami data, a computationally based method such as Monte Carlo simulation is the primary method to establish tsunami hazards. Two case studies that describe how computational and empirical methods can be integrated are presented for Acapulco, Mexico (site-specific) and the U.S. Pacific Northwest coastline (region-wide analysis). C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 120 TC 115 Z9 120 U1 6 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAR PY 2006 VL 37 IS 3 BP 277 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s11069-005-4646-z PG 38 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 011EK UT WOS:000235250600003 ER PT J AU Zachariasen, J Berryman, K Langridge, R Prentice, C Rymer, M Stirling, M Villamor, P AF Zachariasen, J Berryman, K Langridge, R Prentice, C Rymer, M Stirling, M Villamor, P TI Timing of late Holocene surface rupture of the Wairau Fault, Marlborough, New Zealand SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE active tectonics; earthquakes; strike-slip faults; Holocene; Wairau; Marlborough; neotectonics; charcoal; paleoseismicity; South Island; NZMS 260 N29, O28 ID SOUTH-ISLAND; HOPE FAULT; AWATERE FAULT; ALPINE FAULT; NORTH CANTERBURY; QUATERNARY SLIP; STRIKE-SLIP; EARTHQUAKE; SECTION; DISPLACEMENTS AB Three trenches excavated across the central portion of the right-lateral strike-slip Wairau Fault in South Island, New Zealand, exposed a complex set of fault strands that have displaced a sequence of late Holocene alluvial and colluvial deposits. Abundant charcoal fragments provide age control for various stratigraphic horizons dating back to c. 5610 yr ago. Faulting relations from the Wadsworth trench show that the most recent surface rupture event occurred at least 1290 yr and at most 2740 yr ago. Drowned trees in landslide-dammed Lake Chalice, in combination with charcoal from the base of an unfaulted colluvial wedge at Wadsworth trench, suggest a narrower time bracket for this event of 1811-2301 cal. yr BP. The penultimate faulting event occurred between c. 2370 and 3380 yr, and possibly near 2680 +/- 60 cal. yr BP, when data from both the Wadsworth and Dillon trenches are combined. Two older events have been recognised from Dillon trench but remain poorly dated. A probable elapsed time of at least 1811 yr since the last surface rupture, and an average slip rate estimate for the Wairau. Fault of 3-5 mm/yr, suggests that at least 5.4 m and up to 11.5 m of elastic shear strain has accumulated since the last rupture. This is near to or greater than the single-event displacement estimates of 5-7 m. The average recurrence interval for surface rupture of the fault determined from the trench data is 1150-1400 yr. Although the uncertainties in the timing of faulting events and variability in inter-event times remain high, the time elapsed since the last event is in the order of 1-2 times the average recurrence interval, implying that the Wairau Fault is near the end of its interseismic period. C1 GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Langridge, R (reprint author), GNS Sci, POB 30368, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. EM r.langridge@gns.cri.nz NR 42 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU RSNZ PUBLISHING PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 598, WELLINGTON, 00000, NEW ZEALAND SN 0028-8306 J9 NEW ZEAL J GEOL GEOP JI N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 159 EP 174 PG 16 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 045VZ UT WOS:000237772100013 ER PT J AU Wasserberg, G Kotler, BP Abramsky, Z AF Wasserberg, G Kotler, BP Abramsky, Z TI The role of site, habitat, seasonality and competition in determining the nightly activity patterns of psammophilic gerbils in a centrifugally organized community SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID DESERT RODENT COMMUNITIES; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; OPTIMAL FORAGERS; G-PYRAMIDUM; PATCH USE; NEGEV; PREDATION; SELECTION; RATES AB Major ecological forces affecting diel activity patterns include predation, competition, resource dynamics, and ambient conditions. In this work we studied if, how, and why the nocturnal activity patterns of two gerbil species differed with respect to site, habitat, season, and inter-specific competition. The study system included two gerbil species-Gerbillus pyramidum and G. andersoni allenbyi in a sandy landscape composed of three habitats-shifting, semi-stabilized, and stabilized sand habitats. Conforming to previous studies, in the semi-stabilized sand habitat clear temporal partitioning in activity times occurred, with G. pyramidum being active earlier in the night and G. a. allenbyi being active in the later part of the night. As shown in previous studies in a different, more xeric site, removal of G. pyramidum demonstrated that this activity pattern is the result of interference competition by the latter on the former. Nocturnal activity pattern differed between habitats and seasons. Temporal partitioning occurred in the semi-stabilized sand habitat where both gerbil species were common. In the shifting sand habitat, G. pyramidum activity pattern was similar to that in the semi-stabilized sand habitat, but at a lower level. In the stabilized sand habitat where G. a. allenbyi occurred alone, its activity was the highest among the three habitats and was fairly constant throughout the night. Temporal partitioning occurred in the fall and early summer, but not in the early spring. The roles of predation risk, competition and resource dynamics in determining the gerbils' temporal activity together with their implications for community structure, are discussed. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USGS Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Russell Lab 218, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Mitrani Dept Desert Ecol, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Wasserberg, G (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USGS Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Russell Lab 218, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM wasserberg@wisc.edu RI Kotler, Burt/F-1381-2012; ABRAMSKY, ZVIKA/F-1123-2012 OI Kotler, Burt/0000-0003-2693-8788; NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD MAR PY 2006 VL 112 IS 3 BP 573 EP 579 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.14302.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 005CS UT WOS:000234800800010 ER PT J AU Gesch, DB Muller, JP Farr, TG AF Gesch, DB Muller, JP Farr, TG TI The shuttle radar topography mission - Data validation and applications SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD USA. UCL, Dept Geomat Engn, London, England. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Gesch, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD USA. OI Gesch, Dean/0000-0002-8992-4933; Farr, Thomas/0000-0001-5406-2096 NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 72 IS 3 BP 233 EP 235 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 018GX UT WOS:000235753500004 ER PT J AU Hawkes, CV Belnap, J D'Antonio, C Firestone, MK AF Hawkes, CV Belnap, J D'Antonio, C Firestone, MK TI Arbuscular mycorrhizal assemblages in native plant roots change in the presence of invasive exotic grasses SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Editorial Material DE arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; exotic annual grasses; grasslands; native perennial grasses; plant invasion ID GAS-EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; SOIL BIOTA; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; FUNGI; GRASSLAND; GROWTH; IDENTIFICATION AB Plant invasions have the potential to significantly alter soil microbial communities, given their often considerable aboveground effects. We examined how plant invasions altered the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of native plant roots in a grassland site in California and one in Utah. In the California site, we used experimentally created plant communities composed of exotic (Avena barbata, Bromus hordeaceus) and native (Nassella pulchra, Lupinus bicolor) monocultures and mixtures. In the Utah semi-arid grassland, we took advantage of invasion by Bromus tectorum into long-term plots dominated by either of two native grasses, Hilaria jamesii or Stipa hymenoides. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots were characterized with PCR amplification of the ITS region, cloning, and sequencing. We saw a significant effect of the presence of exotic grasses on the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi colonizing native plant roots. In the three native grasses, richness of mycorrhizal fungi decreased; in the native forb at the California site, the number of fungal RFLP patterns increased in the presence of exotics. The exotic grasses also caused the composition of the mycorrhizal community in native roots to shift dramatically both in California, with turnover of Glomus spp., and Utah, with replacement of Glomus spp. by apparently non-mycorrhizal fungi. Invading plants may be able to influence the network of mycorrhizal fungi in soil that is available to natives through either earlier root activity or differential carbon provision compared to natives. Alteration of the soil microbial community by plant invasion can provide a mechanism for both successful invasion and the resulting effects of invaders on the ecosystem. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, EEMB, Dept Biol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Studies Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hawkes, CV (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn,C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM chawkes@nature.berkeley.edu OI Hawkes, Christine/0000-0002-1043-9469 NR 52 TC 106 Z9 120 U1 14 U2 85 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAR PY 2006 VL 281 IS 1-2 BP 369 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-4826-3 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 041GH UT WOS:000237441800029 ER PT J AU Ben-Zion, Y Lee, WHK AF Ben-Zion, Y Lee, WHK TI Introduction SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ben-Zion, Y (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 163 IS 2-3 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s00024-005-0029-3 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 026QQ UT WOS:000236357600001 ER PT J AU Got, JL Monteiller, V Virieux, J Okubo, P AF Got, JL Monteiller, V Virieux, J Okubo, P TI Estimating crustal heterogeneity from double-difference tomography SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 13-17, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE double-difference tomography; earthquake multiplets; Kilauea volcano ID HAYWARD FAULT; CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKES; MICROEARTHQUAKES; LOCATIONS AB Seismic velocity parameters in limited, but heterogeneous volumes can be inferred using a double-difference tomographic algorithm, but to obtain meaningful results accuracy must be maintained at every step of the computation. MONTEILLER et al. (2005) have devised a double-difference tomographic algorithm that takes full advantage of the accuracy of cross-spectral time-delays of large correlated event sets. This algorithm performs an accurate computation of theoretical travel-time delays in heterogeneous media and applies a suitable inversion scheme based on optimization theory. When applied to Kilauea Volcano, in Hawaii, the double-difference tomography approach shows significant and coherent changes to the velocity model in the well-resolved volumes beneath the Kilauea caldera and the upper east rift. In this paper, we first compare the results obtained using MONTEILLER et al.'s algorithm with those obtained using the classic travel-time tomographic approach. Then, we evaluated the effect of using data series of different accuracies, such as handpicked arrival-time differences (''picking differences''), on the results produced by double-difference tomographic algorithms. We show that picking differences have a non-Gaussian probability density function (pdf). Using a hyperbolic secant pdf instead of a Gaussian pdf allows improvement of the double-difference tomographic result when using picking difference data. We completed our study by investigating the use of spatially discontinuous time-delay data. C1 Univ Savoie, Lab Geophys Interne & Tectonophys, F-73376 Bourget du Lac, France. Geosci Azur, F-06560 Valbonne, France. USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. RP Univ Savoie, Lab Geophys Interne & Tectonophys, F-73376 Bourget du Lac, France. RI VIRIEUX, Jean/A-4178-2011 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 163 IS 2-3 BP 405 EP 430 DI 10.1007/s00024-005-0022-x PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 026QQ UT WOS:000236357600006 ER PT J AU Zeng, YH AF Zeng, YH TI Scattered surface wave energy in the seismic coda SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 13-17, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE seismic coda; scattering waves; surface waves; body waves ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; S-WAVE; INTRINSIC ATTENUATION; NONISOTROPIC SCATTERING; SITE AMPLIFICATION; ENVELOPE FORMATION; LOCAL EARTHQUAKES; MODEL; PROPAGATION; SEPARATION AB One of the many important contributions that Aki has made to seismology pertains to the origin of coda waves (Aki, 1969; Aki and Chouet, 1975). In this paper, I revisit Aki's original idea of the role of scattered surface waves in the seismic coda. Based on the radiative transfer theory, I developed a new set of scattered wave energy equations by including scattered surface waves and body wave to surface wave scattering conversions. The work is an extended study of Zeng et al. (1991), Zeng (1993) and Sato (1994a) on multiple isotropic-scattering, and may shed new insight into the seismic coda wave interpretation. The scattering equations are solved numerically by first discretizing the model at regular grids and then solving the linear integral equations iteratively. The results show that scattered wave energy can be well approximated by body-wave to body wave scattering at earlier arrival times and short distances. At long distances from the source, scattered surface waves dominate scattered body waves at surface stations. Since surface waves are 2-D propagating waves, their scattered energies should in theory follow a common decay curve. The observed common decay trends on seismic coda of local earthquake recordings particular at long lapse times suggest that perhaps later seismic codas are dominated by scattered surface waves. When efficient body wave to surface wave conversion mechanisms are present in the shallow crustal layers, such as soft sediment layers, the scattered surface waves dominate the seismic coda at even early arrival times for shallow sources and at later arrival times for deeper events. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Zeng, YH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966,Box 25026, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM zeng@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 163 IS 2-3 BP 533 EP 548 DI 10.1007/s00024-005-0025-7 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 026QQ UT WOS:000236357600011 ER PT J AU Fenton, CR Webb, RH Cerling, TE AF Fenton, CR Webb, RH Cerling, TE TI Peak discharge of a Pleistocene lava-dam outburst flood in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Grand Canyon; Colorado river; Pleistocene floods; lava dams; hydraulic modeling; paleoflood indicators; dam failure; catastrophic floods ID COLORADO RIVER; DEPOSITS AB The failure of a lava dam 165,000 yr ago produced the largest known flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. The Hyaloclastite Dam was LIP to 366 m high, and geochemical evidence linked this structure to outburst-flood deposits that occurred for 32 km downstream. Using the Hyaloclastite outburst-flood deposits as paleostage indicators, we used dam-failure and unsteady flow modeling to estimate a peak discharge and flow hydrograph. Failure of the Hyaloclastite Dam released a maximum 11 X 10(9) m(3) of water in 31 h. Peak discharges, estimated from uncertainty in channel geometry, dam height, and hydraulic characteristics, ranged from 2.3 to 5.3 x 10(5) m(3) s(-1) for the Hyaloclastite Outburst flood. This discharge is an order of magnitude greater than the largest known discharge on the Colorado River (1.4 x 10(4) m(3) s(-1)) and the largest peak discharge resulting from failure of a constructed dam in the USA (6.5 x 10(4) m(3) s(-1)). Moreover, the Hyaloclastite outburst flood is the oldest documented Quaternary flood and one of the largest to have occurred in the continental USA. The peak discharge for this flood ranks in the top 30 floods (> 10(5) m(3) s(-1)) known worldwide and in the top ten largest floods in North America. (c) 2005 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Fenton, CR (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg Haus B, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM crfenton@gfz-potsdam.de RI Fenton, Cassandra/B-8928-2012; OI Fenton, Cassandra/0000-0002-2989-3629 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 65 IS 2 BP 324 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2005.09.006 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 022XY UT WOS:000236090600014 ER PT J AU Pisias, NG Heusser, L Heusser, C Hostetler, SW Mix, AC Weber, M AF Pisias, NG Heusser, L Heusser, C Hostetler, SW Mix, AC Weber, M TI Radiolaria and pollen records from 0 to 50 ka at ODP Site 1233: continental and marine climate records from the Southeast Pacific SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; ASSEMBLAGES; CHILE AB Site 1233 drilled during Leg 202 of the Ocean Drilling Program provides a detailed record of marine and continental climate change in the Southeast Pacific and South American continent. Splits from over 500 samples taken at 20cm intervals for quantitative analysis of radiolarian and pollen Populations yield it temporal resolution of 200-400 years. In each sample, 39 pollen taxa and 40 radiolarian species and genera were evaluated. Age control is provided by 25 AMS C-14 dates [Lamy, F., Kaiser, J., Ninnemann, U., Hebbeln, D., Arz, H.W., Stoner, J., 2004. Science 304, 1959-1962]. Multivariate statistical analyses of these data allow us to conclude the following: (1) During the past 50 ka the region of the central Chile coast is not directly influenced by polar water from the Antarctic region. (2) Changes in ocean conditions off central Chile during this time interval primarily reflect north-south shifts in the position of the South Pacific transition zone. (3) Changes in Chilean vegetation reflect comparable latitudinal shifts in precipitation and the position of the southern westerlies. (4) The first canonical variate of racholarian and pollen records extracted from Site 1233 are remarkably similar to each other as well as to temperature records from the Antarctic, which suggests that marine and continental climate variability in the region is tightly coupled at periods longer than 3000 years. (5) The phase coupling of these climate records, which lead variations of continental erosion based oil iron abundance at the same site, are consistent with a hypothesis that erosion is linked to relatively long (i.e. few thousand years) response times of the Patagonian ice sheet, and thus is not a direct indicator of regional climate. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Pisias, NG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM pisias@coas.oregonstate.edu NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 5-6 BP 455 EP 473 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.06.009 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 034MJ UT WOS:000236932800006 ER PT J AU Zhou, GY Zhou, CY Liu, SG Tang, XL Ouyang, XJ Zhang, DQ Liu, SH Liu, JX Yan, JH Zhou, CY Luo, Y Guan, LL Liu, Y AF Zhou, GY Zhou, CY Liu, SG Tang, XL Ouyang, XJ Zhang, DQ Liu, SH Liu, JX Yan, JH Zhou, CY Luo, Y Guan, LL Liu, Y TI Belowground carbon balance and carbon accumulation rate in the successional series of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest SO SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES D-EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest; successional series of restoration; belowground; carbon pool; accumulation rate ID PLANTATION; BIOMASS AB The balance, accumulation rate and temporal dynamics of belowground carbon in the successional series of monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest are obtained in this paper, based on long-term observations to the soil organic matter, input and standing biomass of litter and coarse woody debris, and dissolved organic carbon carried in the hydrological process of subtropical climax forest ecosystem-monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, and its two successional forests of natural restoration-coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and Pinus massoniana forest, as well as data of root biomass obtained once every five years and respiration measurement of soil, litter and coarse woody debris respiration for 1 year. The major results include: the belowground carbon pools of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and Pinus massoniana forest are 23191 +/- 2538 g . m(-2), 16889 +/- 1936 g . m(-2) and 12680 1854 +/- g . m(-2), respectively, in 2002. Mean annual carbon accumulation rates of the three forest types during the 24a from 1978 to 2002 are 383 +/- 97 g. m(-2) - a(-1), 193 +/- 85 g . m(-2) . a(-1) and 213 +/- 86 g . m(-2) . a(-1), respectively. The belowground carbon pools in the three forest types keep increasing during the observation period, suggesting that belowground carbon pools are carbon sinks to the atmosphere. There are seasonal variations, namely, they are strong carbon sources from April to June, weak carbon sources from July to September; while they are strong carbon sinks from October to November, weak carbon sinks from December to March. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Dinghushan Forest Ecosyst Res Stn, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, SAIC, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhou, GY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Dinghushan Forest Ecosyst Res Stn, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. EM gyzhou@scbg.ac.cn RI Liu, Juxiu/B-3400-2009 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1006-9313 J9 SCI CHINA SER D JI Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1007/s11430-006-0311-y PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 033UC UT WOS:000236874300008 ER PT J AU Grosbois, C Meybeck, A Horowitz, A Ficht, A AF Grosbois, C Meybeck, A Horowitz, A Ficht, A TI The spatial and temporal trends of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in Seine River floodplain deposits (1994-2000) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Seine River; metallic elements; Greater Paris; particulate fraction; temporal trends ID TRACE-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; SUSPENDED MATTER; SCHELDT ESTUARY; BED SEDIMENTS; BASIN; METALS; POLLUTION; FRANCE; VARIABILITY; NETHERLANDS AB Fresh floodplain deposits (FD), from 11 key stations, covering the Seine mainstem and its major tributaries (Yonne, Marne and Oise Rivers), were sampled from 1994 to 2000. Background levels for Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn were established using prehistoric FD and actual bed sediments collected in small forested sub-basins in the most upstream part of the basin. Throughout the Seine River Basin, FD contain elevated concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn compared to local background values (by factors > twofold). In the Seine River Basin, trace element concentrations display substantial downstream increases as a result of increasing population densities, particularly from Greater Paris (10 million inhabitants), and reach their maxima at the river mouth (Poses). These elevated levels make the Seine one of the most heavily impacted rivers in the world. On the other hand, floodplain-associated trace element levels have declined over the past 7 years. This mirrors results from contemporaneous suspended sediment surveys at the river mouth for the 1984-1999 period. Most of these temporal declines appear to reflect reductions in industrial and domestic solid wastes discharged from the main Parisian sewage plant (Seine Aval). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNRS, Lab Sisyphe, UMR 1367, F-75005 Paris, France. US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. Serv Navigat Seine, F-76000 Rouen, France. RP Grosbois, C (reprint author), CNRS, HydrAsa Limoges, UMR 6532, 123 Ave Thomas, F-87000 Limoges, France. EM cecile.grosbois@unilim.fr NR 40 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 356 IS 1-3 BP 22 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.049 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021TM UT WOS:000236008700003 PM 15964611 ER PT J AU Dean, W Rosenbaum, J Skipp, G Colman, S Forester, R Liu, A Simmons, K Bischoff, J AF Dean, W Rosenbaum, J Skipp, G Colman, S Forester, R Liu, A Simmons, K Bischoff, J TI Unusual Holocene and late Pleistocene carbonate sedimentation in bear lake, Utah and Idaho, USA SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcite; aragonite; organic carbon; oxygen; carbon; and strontium isotopes; leach chemistry ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-BASIN; NEW-MEXICO; BONNEVILLE; ARAGONITE; CALCITE; CHRONOLOGY; LAHONTAN; HISTORY; VALLEY AB Bear Lake (Utah-Idaho, USA) has been producing large quantities of carbonate minerals of varying mineralogy for the past 17,000 years. file history of sedimentation in Bear Lake is documented through the study of isotopic ratios of oxygen, carbon, and strontium, percent organic carbon, percent CaCO3, X-ray diffraction mineralogy, HCl-leach inorganic geochemistry, and magnetic properties oil samples from three piston cores. Historically, the Bear River, the main source of water for Great Salt Lake, did not enter Bear Lake until it was artificially diverted into the lake at the beginning of the 20th century. However, during the last glacial interval, the Bear River did enter Bear Lake depositing red, calcareous, silty clay. About 18,000 years ago, the Bear River became disconnected from Bear Lake. A combination of warmer water, increased evaporation, and increased organic productivity triggered the precipitation of calcium carbonate, first as calcite. As the salinity of the lake increased due to evaporation, aragonite began to precipitate about 11,000 years ago. Aragonite is the dominant mineral that accumulated in bottom sediments of the lake during the Holocene, comprising an average of about 70 wt.% of the sediments. Aragonite fort-nation in a large, cold, oligotrophic, high latitude lake is highly unusual. Lacustrine aragonite usually is found in small, saline lakes in which the salinity varies considerably over time. However, Bear Lake contains endemic ostracodes and Fish, which indicate that the chemistry of the lake has remained fairly constant for a long time. Stable isotope data from Holocene aragonite show that the salinity of Bear Lake increased throughout the Holocene, but never reached highly evolved values of 6180 in spite of an evaporation-dominated water balance. Bear Lake hydrology combined with evaporation created all unusual situation that produced large amounts of aragonite, but no evaporite minerals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dean, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dean@usgs.gov OI Colman, Steve/0000-0002-0564-9576 NR 57 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 185 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.016 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA 016ZQ UT WOS:000235664300006 ER PT J AU Colman, SM AF Colman, SM TI Acoustic stratigraphy of Bear Lake, Utah-ldaho - Late quaternary sedimentation patterns in a simple half-graben SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bear lake; seismic-reflection profiles; graben; faulting; sedimentation ID RIFT-VALLEY LAKE; SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY; HISTORY; BAIKAL; IDAHO; SIBERIA; BASIN AB A 277-km network of high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, supplemented with a sidescan-sonar mosaic of the lake floor, was collected in Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho, in order to explore the sedimentary framework of the lake's paleoclimate record. The acoustic stratigraphy is tied to a 120 m deep, continuously cored drill hole in the lake. Based oil the age model for the drill core, the oldest continuously mapped acoustic reflector in the data set has all age of about 100 ka, although older sediments were locally imaged. The acoustic stratigraphy of the sediments below the lake indicates that the basin developed primarily as a simple half-graben, with a steep normal-fault margin oil the east and a flexural margin oil the west. As expected for a basin controlled by a listric master fault, seismic reflections steepen and diverge toward the fault, bounding eastward-thickening sediment wedges. Secondary normal faults west of the master fault were imaged beneath the lake and many of these faults show progressively increasing offset with depth and age. Several faults cut the youngest sediments in the lake as well as the modem lake floor. The relative simplicity of the sedimentary sequence is interrupted in the northwestern pail of the basin by a unit that is interpreted as a large (4 X 10 km) paleodelta of the Bear River. The delta overlies a horizon with an age of about 97 ka, outcrops at the lake floor and is onlapped by much of the uppermost sequence of lake sediments. A feature interpreted as a wave-cut bench occurs in many places on the western side of the lake. The base of this bench occurs at a depth (22-24 m) similar to that (20-25 m) of the distal surface of the paleodelta. Pinch-outs of sedimentary units are common in relatively shallow water on the gentle western margin of the basin and little Holocene sediment has accumulated in water depths of less than 30 in. On the steep eastern margin of the basin, sediments commonly onlap the hanging wall of the East Bear Lake Fault. However, no major erosional or depositional features suggestive of shoreline processes were observed on acoustic profiles in water deeper than about 20-25 m. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All lights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Colman, SM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, 2205 E 5th St, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM scolman@d.umn.edu NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 185 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.022 PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA 016ZQ UT WOS:000235664300007 ER PT J AU Schwartz, DP AF Schwartz, DP TI A look back at 1906-perspectives on great earthquakes and post-earthquake investigations SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Schwartz, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dschwartz@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 77 IS 2 BP 123 EP 127 DI 10.1785/gssrl.77.2.123 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 025WI UT WOS:000236297400001 ER PT J AU Quuist, MC Bower, MR Hubert, WA AF Quuist, MC Bower, MR Hubert, WA TI Summer food habits and trophic overlap of roundtail chub and creek chub in Muddy Creek, Wyoming SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DINOSAUR NATIONAL MONUMENT; SEMOTILUS-ATROMACULATUS; COLORADO RIVER; GILA-ROBUSTA; FISHES AB Native fishes of the Upper Colorado River Basin have experienced substantial declines in abundance and distribution, and are extirpated from most of Wyoming. Muddy Creek, in south-central Wyoming (Little Snake River watershed), contains sympatric populations of native roundtail chub (Gila robusta.), bluehead sucker, (Catostomus discobolus), and flannelmouth sucker (C. latipinnis), and represents an area of high conservation concern because it is the only area known to have sympatric populations of all 3 species in Wyoming. However, introduced creek drub (Semotilus atromaculatus) are abundant and might have a negative influence on native fishes. We assessed summer food habits of roundtail chub and creek chub to provide information on the ecology of each species and obtain insight on potential trophic overlap. Roundtail chub and creek chub seemed to be opportunistic generalists that consumed a diverse array of food items. Stomach contents of both species were dominated by plant material, aquatic and terrestrial insects, and fishes, but. also included gastropods and mussels. Stomach contents were similar between species, indicating high trophic overlap. No length-related patterns in diet were observed for either species. These results suggest that creek chubs have the potential to adversely influence the roundtail chub population through competition for food and the native fish assemblage through predation. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Quuist, MC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mcquist@iastate.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 18 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 22 EP 27 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028LR UT WOS:000236489500003 ER PT J AU Riedle, JD Shipman, PA Fox, SF Leslie, DM AF Riedle, JD Shipman, PA Fox, SF Leslie, DM TI Microhabitat use, home range, and movements of the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys temminckii in Oklahoma SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Little is known about. the ecology of the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys temminckii, particularly demography and behavior. To learn more about the species in Oklahoma, we conducted a telemetry project on 2 small streams at Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge, an 8,417.5-ha refuge located in east-central Oklahoma. Between June 1999 and August 2000, we fitted 19 M. temminckii with ultrasonic telemetry tags and studied turtle movements and microhabitat use. Turtles were checked 2 to 3 times weekly in summer and sporadically in winter. Several microhabitat variables were measured at each turtle location and a random location to help quantify, microhabitat use vs. availability. We recorded 147 turtle locations. Turtles were always associated with submerged cover with a high percentage of overhead canopy cover. Turtles used deeper depths in late summer (but not deeper depths than random locations) and deeper depths in midwinter (and deeper depths than random locations) than in early summer. They used shallower depths than random locations in early summer. This seasonal shift in depth use might be thermoregulatory, although evidence for this is indirect. The mean linear home range For all turtles was 777.8 m. Females had larger homes ranges than males, and juveniles had larger home ranges than adults, although the latter was not statistically significant. Macrochelys temminckii used submerged structures as a core site, and stayed at each core site for an average of 12.3 d. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Riedle, JD (reprint author), W Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Earth & Environm Sci, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. EM macrochelys@hotmail.com NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[35:MUHRAM]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028LR UT WOS:000236489500005 ER PT J AU Biggins, DE Biggins, DM AF Biggins, DE Biggins, DM TI Bobcat attack on a cottontail rabbit SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We observed an attack by a bobcat (Lynx rufus) on a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus) that involved stealthy approach by the cat for >1 h, followed by a 12.3-s chase covering 116.0 m for the cat and 128.4 In for the rabbit. During the chase, the route of the cat from starting point to kill site was more direct than the semi-circular route of the rabbit. Stride lengths for the cat and total distance covered by the chase were longer than those previously reported for bobcats. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dean_biggins@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 119 EP 122 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[119:BAOACR]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028LR UT WOS:000236489500020 ER PT J AU Krausman, PR Grinder, MI Gipson, PS Zuercher, GL Stewart, GC AF Krausman, PR Grinder, MI Gipson, PS Zuercher, GL Stewart, GC TI Molecular identification of coyote feces in an urban environment SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FOOD-HABITS; CANIS-LATRANS; POPULATION; SCAT; DNA AB Coyotes (Canis latrans) are common in urban areas throughout North America. However, their urban diets have been studied rarely, possibly because tools to discriminate coyote feces (i.e., scats) from those of domestic dogs have not been available. We used molecular techniques to discriminate between scats from coyotes and domestic dogs. Our objective was to assess field accuracy in identifying coyote scat from dog scat. We collected and analyzed 34 scats (classified as coyote scat) via DNA analysis to determine whether they were deposited by coyotes. Ten scats classified in the field as coyote were from domestic dogs. We could not distinguish between coyote and dog scats in Tucson simply by observing scats. The role that available food items play in feeding strategies of coyotes needs to be examined thoroughly to fully understand their ecology and relationships to dogs and humans in urban areas. DNA analysis used for scat identification provides a mechanism to distinguish canid scats. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Wildlife Conservat & Management Program, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol & Diagnost Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Krausman, PR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Wildlife Conservat & Management Program, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM Krausman@ag.arizona.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 122 EP 126 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[122:MIOCFI]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028LR UT WOS:000236489500021 ER PT J AU Brown, RS Geist, DR Mesa, MG AF Brown, RS Geist, DR Mesa, MG TI Use of electromyogram telemetry to assess swimming activity of adult spring Chinook salmon migrating past a Columbia river dam SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOCKEYE ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SNAKE RIVERS; DIFFICULT PASSAGE; ENERGY USE; FISH; STEELHEAD; SPEEDS; RATES AB Electromyogram (EMG) radiotelemetry was used to estimate the swim speeds of spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha migrating upstream past a Columbia River dam. Electrodes from EMG transmitters were surgically implanted in the red muscle of fish captured at Bonneville Dam, and output front the tags was calibrated to defined swim speeds for each fish in a tunnel respirometer. The fish were then released below Bonneville Dam and radio-tracked as they migrated through the tailraces, fishways, and forebays of the dam. On average, swim speed was significantly higher when tagged salmon were moving through tailraces than when they were moving through other parts of the dam. Specifically, swim speeds for fish in tailraces (106.4 cm/s) were 23% higher than those of fish in fishways (84.9 cm/s) and 32% higher than those of fish in forebays (80.2 cm/s). Swim speeds were higher in fishways during the day than during the night, but there were no diel differences in swim speeds in tailraces and forebays. During dam passage. Chinook salmon spent the most time in tailraces. followed by fishways and forebays. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Brown, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Mail Stop K6-85,POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM rich.brown@pnl.gov NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 135 IS 2 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1577/T05-223.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 046NO UT WOS:000237818500002 ER PT J AU Connor, WP Garcia, AP AF Connor, WP Garcia, AP TI Prespawning movement of wild and hatchery fall Chinook salmon adults in the Snake River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE LIFE-HISTORY; ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; RETURN MIGRATION; COLUMBIA RIVER; BEHAVIOR; BASIN; KISUTCH; FISHES; TANA AB We used radiotelemetry to describe the prespawning movement of adult fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (5 wild males, 4 wild females, and 27 hatchery females) in the Snake River. We characterized the migratory phase as consecutive detections made in an upstream direction after radio-tagging and release. A transition from the migratory phase to the search phase was usually observed after wild adults passed their natal rearing areas and after hatchery adults passed the locations where they were released as subyearlings. This provided evidence for successful imprinting. A similar level of exposure to riverine habitat during a sensitive period coinciding with the parr-smolt transformation was a plausible explanation for this imprinting. The search phase was usually characterized by a series of downstream and upstream excursions ending with spawning site selection. Hatchery females moved an average of four to five times farther and two to three times more frequently than wild fish during these excursions. Available measures of genetic lineage, environmental conditions, and competition did not fully explain this pattern. We hypothesize that hatchery females moved farther and more frequently than wild adults partly because hatchery females had difficulty locating and identifying suitable spawning habitat as a result of hatching and early rearing in captivity. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. RP Connor, WP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, POB 18, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. EM william_connor@fws.gov NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 135 IS 2 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1577/T05-097.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 046NO UT WOS:000237818500004 ER PT J AU Schreck, CB Stahl, TP Davis, LE Roby, DD Clemens, BJ AF Schreck, CB Stahl, TP Davis, LE Roby, DD Clemens, BJ TI Mortality estimates of juvenile spring-summer Chinook salmon in the Lower Columbia River and estuary, 190-1998: Evidence for delayed mortality? SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH PTYCHOCHEILUS; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSES; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; SNAKE RIVER; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATASE AB Recovery of Endangered Species Act-listed salmonids in the Columbia River basin has relied upon the efficacy of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer's juvenile salmon transportation program to move fish past Snake and Columbia River hydropower dams. The effectiveness of this program has been assessed by the indirect method of comparing smolt-to-adult returns. We present some of the first data and mortality estimates of barged and run-of-river (ROR) radio-tagged juvenile spring-summer Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha after release in the lower Columbia River, representing years of study. Our data suggest that smolt mortality (1) is very low for ROR and barged fish between Bonneville Dam and the estuary proper, a migratory distance of 180 river kilometers (rkm): (2) Occurs in the lower estuary (rkm 0-46); (3) varies more across dates within a year than between years or between passage types (barged or ROR); (4) increases with time within a season and increasing numbers of avian predators, including Caspian tems Sterna caspia and double-crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus; and (5) is estimated to be 11-17% of all smolts annually. Preliminary evidence suggests that at least some smolt mortality is influenced by differential predation by avian predators on Chinook salmon infected with Renibacterium salmoninarum and possessing low smoltification levels (relatively low gill Ni+,K+-ATPase activity). Fish type (barged or ROR) did not appear to influence mortality because of avian predation. This project was also the first to identify avian predators as a major source of mortality for out-migrant Columbia River basin salmonids. C1 Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schreck, CB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM carl.schreck@oregonstate.edu NR 86 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 7 U2 27 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 135 IS 2 BP 457 EP 475 DI 10.1577/T05-184.1 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 046NO UT WOS:000237818500021 ER PT J AU Paukert, CP Coggins, LG Flaccus, CE AF Paukert, Craig P. Coggins, Lewis G., Jr. Flaccus, Christopher E. TI Distribution and movement of Humpback Chub in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, based on recaptures SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GILA-CYPHA; FIDELITY; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; PADDLEFISH; ARIZONA; FISHES AB Mark-recapture data from the federally endangered humpback chub Gila cypha in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, were analyzed from 1989 to 2002 to determine large-scale movement patterns and distribution. A total of 14,674 recaptures from 7,127 unique fish were documented; 87% of the recaptures occurred in the same main-stern river reach or tributary as the original captures, suggesting restricted distribution by most fish. A total of 99% of all recaptures were from in and around the Little Colorado River (LCR), a tributary of the Colorado River and primary aggregation and spawning location of humpback chub in Grand Canyon. Time at liberty averaged 394 d, but some fish were recaptured near their main-stem capture location over 10 years later. Proportionally fewer large (> 300-mm) humpback chub exhibited restricted distribution than small (< 200-mm) fish. However, several fish did move more than 154 km throughout Grand Canyon between capture and recapture, suggesting that limited movement occurs throughout Grand Canyon. The majority of the recaptured fish remained in or returned to the LCR or the Colorado River near the LCR. Although many large-river fishes exhibit extensive migrations to fulfill their life history requirements, most of the humpback chub in Grand Canyon appear to remain in or come back to the LCR and LCR confluence across multiple sizes and time scales. Detecting trends in the overall abundance of this endangered fish in Grand Canyon can probably be accomplished by monitoring the area in and around the LCR. C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cpaukert@ksu.edu NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 135 IS 2 BP 539 EP 544 DI 10.1577/T05-204.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 046NO UT WOS:000237818500028 ER PT J AU Swenson, SC Milly, PCD AF Swenson, SC Milly, PCD TI Climate model biases in seasonality of continental water storage revealed by satellite gravimetry SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TIME-VARIABLE GRAVITY; EXPERIMENT GRACE; RECOVERY; SENSITIVITY; BALANCE; LAND AB [1] Satellite gravimetric observations of monthly changes in continental water storage are compared with outputs from five climate models. All models qualitatively reproduce the global pattern of annual storage amplitude, and the seasonal cycle of global average storage is reproduced well, consistent with earlier studies. However, global average agreements mask systematic model biases in low latitudes. Seasonal extrema of low-latitude, hemispheric storage generally occur too early in the models, and model-specific errors in amplitude of the low-latitude annual variations are substantial. These errors are potentially explicable in terms of neglected or suboptimally parameterized water stores in the land models and precipitation biases in the climate models. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Swenson, SC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cmilly@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 AR W03201 DI 10.1029/2005WR004628 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 021PT UT WOS:000235995900001 ER PT J AU Ely, CR Bollinger, KS Hupp, JW Derksen, DV Terenzi, J Takekawa, JY Orthmeyer, DL Rothe, TC Petrula, MJ Yparraguirre, DR AF Ely, CR Bollinger, KS Hupp, JW Derksen, DV Terenzi, J Takekawa, JY Orthmeyer, DL Rothe, TC Petrula, MJ Yparraguirre, DR TI Traversing a boreal forest landscape: Summer movements of Tule Greater White-fronted Geese SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Anser albifrons; fidelity; Greater White-fronted Goose; home range; landscape; molt; moveluents; surnmer; Tole Goose ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; CANADA GEESE; MOLT MIGRATION; HOME-RANGE; 1989-1990 ERUPTION; SOUTHERN OREGON; REDOUBT VOLCANO; ANSER-ALBIFRONS; ALASKA; AUTOCORRELATION AB We monitored the movement, distribution and site affinities of radio-marked Tule Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons elgasi) during spring and Summer in Alaska, 1994-1997 and 2004. Our assessment of summer movements was comprehensive, as locations were obtained during prenesting, nesting, and molt for over 90% of geese with active radios captured during winter or the previous summer in Alaska. Geese arrived to coastal and interior marshes in the Cook Inlet Basin (CIB) from mid April to early May, after which they moved to nesting areas in the upper CIB. Nesting birds used coastal staging areas in close proximity to eventual nest site location. Molting sites included a sub-glacial lake system in the upper CIB, although up to 50% of geese underwent a molt migration to wetlands across the Alaska Range, 400-600 km west of the CIB. Geese that melted at distant sites returned to the CIB before autumn migration. Length of stay in the CIB varied among years from 108-119 days, and averaged 116 days. Summer home-range sizes, exclusive of molting areas, averaged >273,000 ha, and were substantially larger than reported for other northern-nesting waterfowl. No radio-marked geese were found nesting in the vicinity of Redoubt Bay oil the west side of Cook Inlet, and few nested near the Susitna Flats, the only other previously known nesting areas. The absence of nesting geese from Redoubt Bay corroborates aerial survey data showing a precipitous decline in the use of the west side of Cook Inlet between the early 1980s and early 1990s. The change in distribution of geese is likely related to a major eruption of Redoubt Volcano in 1989 that significantly altered landscapes used by nesting, brood rearing, and molting geese in the vicinity of Redoubt Bay. High inter-site movements of Greater White-fronted Geese throughout, summer in South central Alaska likely increases exposure to predation, but also promotes social interactions and facilitates pioneering of distant, and diverse habitats in a vast, patchy, and often unpredictable landscape. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Geol Survey, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Ely, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM craig_ely@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 12 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[43:TABFLS]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 023JA UT WOS:000236121700004 ER PT J AU Bennetts, RE Darby, PC Karunaratne, LB AF Bennetts, RE Darby, PC Karunaratne, LB TI Foraging patch selection by Snail Kites in response to vegetation structure and prey abundance and availability SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Rostrhamus sociabilis; Snail Kite; apple snail; foraging; habitat; Florida ID POPULATION; FLORIDA; ENVIRONMENTS; COMPETITION; EVERGLADES; ECOLOGY; BIRDS AB The role of food abundance and vegetation structure in selection of foraging habitat by the Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) was explored. Selection of available foraging patches of either dense or sparse habitat structure within two prairie habitat types used extensively by foraging kites, Eleocharis flats and Panicum flats were examined. Estimated Apple Snail (Pomacea paludosa) densities on our study site ranged from 0.33 to 1.58 per m(2). Vegetation structure (sparse vs. dense) of the habitat type had a greater influence on where prey was captured than did site, the dominant emergent vegetation, or prey abundance. These results are consistent with previous suggestions that dense vegetation may obscure prey and limit or preclude use of densely vegetated habitats by foraging kites. This may be true, even when prey is in relatively high abundance, and may indicate the difference between prey abundance and availability. Most water management recommendations related to the Snail Kite call for prolonged inundation, based on an explicit assumption that this results in increased Apple Snail abundance. Even when directed at a single species such as the Snail Kite, water management may need to be considered in a more holistic framework that considers factors that influence the resulting vegetation communities, rather than just production of Apple Snails. C1 USGS, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP Bennetts, RE (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, USDI, Greater Yellowstone Network, Box 173492, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM robert_bennetts@nps.gov NR 33 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 14 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[88:FPSBSK]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 023JA UT WOS:000236121700010 ER PT J AU Laubhan, MK Shaffer, TL AF Laubhan, MK Shaffer, TL TI Seed germination of Cirsium arvense and Lepidium latifolium: Implications for management of Montane wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Cirsium arvense; invasive species; Lepidium latifolium; seed depth; soil moisture ID CANADA THISTLE; INVASIVE CRUCIFER; EXOTIC PLANTS; UNITED-STATES; WATER-LEVEL; DISTURBANCE; WEEDS; REPRODUCTION; INVASIBILITY; DIVERSITY AB Cirsium arvense and Lepidium latifolium are species that can aggressively invade wetland margins and potentially reduce biodiversity and alter ecosystem function. Although expansion of these species primarily occurs via rhizomatous growth, seeds are thought to be important in initial establishment. We conducted this study to investigate differences in seed germination of C arvense and L. latifolium in montane wetlands of Colorado and Wyoming, USA. We used germination chambers to Simulate environmental conditions (photoperiod, day/night temperature) during three periods of the growing season at each site and evaluated seed germination in relation to three soil moisture levels and two soil depths. A combination of shallow (< 1 cm) seed burial and wet conditions resulted in the greatest germination probability of C. arvense ((x) over bar = 63.0%), 95% CI = 41.2-80.5%), whereas deep (2-3 cm) seed burial and saturated moisture conditions resulted in almost no germination ((x) over bar = 0.3%, 95% CI = 0.1-1.3%). The maximum germination probability of 44.0% (CI = 28.1-61.4%) for L. latifolium also occurred in the shallow burial and wet treatment; however, only effects of seed burial were significant (P < 0.05). The estimated mean germination probability of deeply buried seeds was < 1.0% (CI = 0.3-1.4%) compared to 32% (CI = 19.7-47.9%) for shallowly buried seeds. Our results suggest that each species has the ability to germinate at similar rates throughout the growing season and across a large portion of the moisture gradient. This Suggests that management actions, including water-level manipulations, at any time during the growing season may stimulate germination. Although burial of seed to depths of 2-3 cm reduced the germination potential of both species, the use of mechanical implements may be problematic in established stands because new plants of both species easily sprout from root buds. Further, disturbance resulting from Such actions diminishes the density and vigor of other plants already present, which may ultimately decrease the competitive resistance of the disturbed environment to invasion by outside species. Detection of new invasions is a critical component of any integrated weed management program. Our results indicate that the incidence of C. arvense and L. latifolium germination is most likely in areas with seeds that are within I cm of the soil Surface and soil moisture is 75-100% of field capacity for extended periods. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Laubhan, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM murray_laubhan@usgs.gov NR 82 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 22 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[69:SGOCAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 029ZO UT WOS:000236603100008 ER PT J AU Haukos, DA Smith, LM AF Haukos, DA Smith, LM TI Effects of soil water on seed production and photosynthesis of pink smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum L.) in playa wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE biomass; moist-soil management; photosynthesis; pink smartweed; playas; Polygonum pensylvanicum; seed production; Texas; water stress ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; STRESS; PLANTS; MANAGEMENT; PRESSURE; DIVERSITY; MOISTURE; LAKES AB Soil moisture is frequently manipulated by wetland managers to achieve a desired composition and production of plant species. Pink smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum) is a species valued by wetland managers because of its potential seed production and food base for migrating and wintering waterbirds. To improve ability to manage pink smartweed, we measured the influence of four growing-season soil moisture regimes (flooded, field capacity, prescribed moist-soil management, and continuously dry) in playa wetlands of the Southern High Plains of Texas. We used xylem water potential as an index of soil moisture available to the plants and compared vegetation and seed production among the four moisture treatments. Daily net photosynthesis was measured in each playa at 0900, 1200, and 1700 hours. The continuously-flooded wetland had the lowest absolute xylem water potential value (-0.294 MPa), followed by the playa at field capacity (-0.446 MPa), moist-soil managed playa (-0.758 MPa), and dry playa (-1.039 MPa). Vegetation biomass (F-3.40 = 97.7, P < 0.001) and seed production (F-3.40 = 54.3, P < 0.001) of pink smartweed differed among soil moisture treatments. Conducting moist-soil management ((x) over bar = 6816 kg[ha) increased vegetation biomass by 44% over the dry treatment ((x) over bar = 4706 kg/ha). As soil moisture increased to field capacity (9 = 9010 kg[ha) vegetation increased by 32% above the moist-soil treatment. Maintaining standing water in a playa maximized vegetation production ((x) over bar = 12497 kg/ha) of pink smartweed. Seed production was greatest when soil moisture was maintained at field capacity ((x) over bar = 695 kg/ha). There was no difference in seed production between the moist-soil managed ((x) over bar = 492 kg/ha) and flooded playas ((x) over bar = 514 kg/ha), which was 28% lower than the field capacity treatment. Seed production in the dry treatment ((x) over bar = 377 kg/ha) was 46% lower than the field capacity treatment and 25% below the flooded and moist-soil managed treatments. Net photosynthesis and xylem water potential decreased throughout the day in all treatments except continuously flooded, which corresponded to the increased vegetation production in this treatment. Slight increases in water stress relative to the continuously flooded treatment resulted in a redistribution of resources from vegetation to seed production. Managers should consider maintaining wetland soils at field capacity to increase seed production of pink smartweed. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Haukos, DA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM david.haukos@ttu.edu NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[265:EOSWOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 029ZO UT WOS:000236603100023 ER PT J AU Whitbeck, M Grace, JB AF Whitbeck, M Grace, JB TI Evaluation of non-destructive methods for estimating biomass in marshes of the upper Texas, USA coast SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE biomass; coastal marsh; fuel loading; leaf area index; light penetration; visual obstruction measurement ID VISUAL OBSTRUCTION; STANDING CROP; BIRD ABUNDANCE; CHENIER PLAIN; VEGETATION; LOUISIANA; IMPACT AB The estimation of aboveground biomass is important in the management of natural resources. Direct measurements by clipping, drying, and weighing of herbaceous vegetation are time-consuming and costly. Therefore, non-destructive methods for efficiently and accurately estimating biomass are of interest. We compared two non-destructive methods, visual obstruction and light penetration, for estimating aboveground biomass in marshes of the upper Texas, USA coast. Visual obstruction was estimated using the Robel pole method, which primarily measures the density and height of the canopy. Light penetration through the canopy was measured using a Decagon light wand, with readings taken above the vegetation and at the ground surface. Clip plots were also taken to provide direct estimates of total aboveground biomass. Regression relationships between estimated and clipped biomass were significant using both methods. However, the light penetration method was much more strongly correlated with clipped biomass under these conditions (R-2 value 0.65 compared to 0.35 for the visual obstruction approach). The primary difference between the two methods in this situation was the ability of the light-penetration method to account for variations in plant litter. These results indicate that light-penetration measurements may be better for estimating biomass in marshes when plant litter is an important component. We advise that, in all cases, investigators should calibrate their methods against clip plots to evaluate applicability to their situation. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anahuac Natl Wildlife Refuge, Anahuac, TX 77514 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Whitbeck, M (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anahuac Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 278, Anahuac, TX 77514 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[278:EONMFE]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 029ZO UT WOS:000236603100025 ER PT J AU Stoeser, DB Frost, CD AF Stoeser, DB Frost, CD TI Nd, Pb, Sr, and O isotopic characterization of Saudi Arabian shield terranes SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Saudi Arabia; precambrian; Arabian shield; Arabian craton; Nd-isotopes; Pb-isotopes; Sr-isotopes; O-isotopes; terranes ID CRUST-MANTLE EVOLUTION; EAST-AFRICAN OROGEN; NUBIAN SHIELD; PAN-AFRICAN; LEAD ISOTOPE; CONTINENTAL MICROPLATE; NORTHEAST AFRICA; GRANITIC-ROCKS; KHIDA TERRANE; ACCRETION AB New Nd, Sr and O isotopic data for granitoid rocks of the Saudi Arabian Shield are presented together with published Nd, Pb, Sr and O isotopic data and all available geologic and geochronologic information to re-evaluate the terranes defined for the Saudi Arabian part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Three groups of terranes are identified: 1) the western arc terranes, 2) the eastern arc terranes, and 3) the Khida terrane. The Khida terrane is the only terrane composed of pre-Neoproterozoic continental crust. The western arc terranes are of oceanic arc affinity, and have the least radiogenic Pb and Sr and most radiogenic Nd isotopic compositions and some of the lowest delta O-18 values of any rocks of the Saudi Arabian Shield. Although some previous studies have characterized the eastern arc terranes as of continental affinity, this study shows that they too are composed of Neoproterozoic oceanic arcs, although their sources have slightly elevated Pb-208/Pb-204, Nd, Sri, and delta O-18 values compared to the western are terranes. These data suggest that either the isotopic composition of the mantle source for the western arc terranes is more depleted than that of the eastern arc terranes or the eastern arc terranes have been mixed with a small amount of cratonic source material, or both. We further elaborate on the Hulayfah-Ad Dafinah fault zone as a major boundary within the Saudi Arabian portion of the East African Orogen. With further study, its northern extension may be shown to pass through what has been defined as the Hail terrane, and its southern extension appears to lie under cover east of the Tathlith-Malahah terrane and extend into Yemen. It may represent the collision zone between East and West Gondwana, and at the very least it is an important suture between groups of are terranes of contrasting isotopic composition caught between two converging continents. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Stoeser, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dstoeser@usgs.gov RI Frost, Carol/E-9048-2014 OI Frost, Carol/0000-0002-1674-2725 NR 114 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 28 PY 2006 VL 226 IS 3-4 BP 163 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.09.019 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 019SN UT WOS:000235857100007 ER PT J AU Alt, JC Shanks, WC AF Alt, JC Shanks, WC TI Stable isotope compositions of serpentinite seamounts in the Mariana forearc: Serpentinization processes, fluid sources and sulfur metasomatism SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE subduction; stable isotopes; serpentinization; seamounts; ocean drilling program; site 779; site 780; site 784 ID UPPER-MANTLE ROCKS; SUBDUCTION ZONES; HYDROGEN ISOTOPE; OCEANIC-CRUST; SULFATE REDUCTION; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; BASALTIC LAVAS; WESTERN ALPS; OXYGEN; SYSTEMATICS AB The Mariana and Izu-Bonin arcs in the western Pacific are characterized by serpentinite seamounts in the forearc that provide unique windows into the mantle wedge. We present stable isotope (O, H, S, and C) data for serpentinites from Conical seamount in the Mariana forearc and S isotope data for Torishima seamount in the Izu-Bonin forearc in order to understand the compositions of fluids and temperatures of serpentinization in the mantle wedge, and to investigate the transport of sulfur from the slab to the mantle wedge. Six serpentine mineral separates have a restricted range of delta O-18 (6.5-8.5 parts per thousand). Antigorite separates have delta D values of -29.5 parts per thousand to -45.5 parts per thousand that reflect serpentinization within the mantle wedge whereas chrysotile has low delta D values (-51.8 parts per thousand to -84.0 parts per thousand) as the result of re-equilibration with fluids at low temperatures. Fractionation of oxygen isotopes between serpentine and magnetite indicate serpentinization temperatures of 300-375 degrees C. Two late cross-fiber chrysotile veins have higher delta O-18 values of 8.9 parts per thousand to 10.8 parts per thousand and formed at lower temperatures (as low as similar to 100 degrees C). Aqueous fluids in equilibrium with serpentine at 300-375 degrees C had delta O-18=6.5-9 parts per thousand and delta D = -4 parts per thousand to -26 parts per thousand, consistent with sediment dehydration reactions at temperatures < 200 degrees C in the subducting slab rather than a basaltic slab source. Three aragonite veins in metabasalt and siltstone clasts within the serpentinite flows have delta O-18 = 16.7-24.5 parts per thousand, consistent with the serpentinizing fluids at temperatures < 250 degrees C. delta C-13 values of 0.1-2.5 parts per thousand suggest a source in subducting carbonate sediments. The delta S-34 values of sulfide in serpentinites on Conical Seamount (-6.7 parts per thousand to 9.8 parts per thousand) result from metasomatism through variable reduction of aqueous sulfate (delta S-34 = 14 parts per thousand) derived from slab sediments. Despite sulfur metasomatism, serpentinites have low sulfur contents (generally < 164 ppm) that reflect the highly depleted nature of the mantle wedge. The serpentinites are mostly enriched in S-34 (median delta S-34(sulfide) = 4.5 parts per thousand), consistent with a S-34-enriched mantle wedge as inferred from arc lavas. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Alt, JC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 2534 CC Little Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jalt@umich.edu; pshanks@usgs.gov NR 70 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2006 VL 242 IS 3-4 BP 272 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.063 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 019RT UT WOS:000235855100004 ER PT J AU Savage, W Wasowski, J AF Savage, W Wasowski, J TI A plastic flow model for the Acquara-Vadoncello landslide in Senerchia, Southern Italy SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE landslide; plastic flow model; shear zone; slip surfaces ID SOIL AB A previously developed model for stress and velocity fields in two-dimensional Coulomb plastic materials under self-weight and pore pressure predicts that long, shallow landslides develop slip surfaces that manifest themselves as normal faults and normal fault scarps at the surface in areas of extending flow and as thrust faults and thrust fault scarps at the surface in areas of compressive flow. We have applied this model to describe the geometry of slip surfaces and ground stresses developed during the 1995 reactivation of the Acquara-Vadoncello landslide in Senerchia, southern Italy. This landslide is a long and shallow slide in which regions of compressive and extending flow are clearly identified. Slip surfaces in the main scarp region of the landslide have been reconstructed using surface surveys and subsurface borehole logging and inclinometer observations made during retrogression of the main scarp. Two of the four inferred main scarp slip surfaces are best constrained by field data. Slip surfaces in the toe region are reconstructed in the same way and three of the five inferred slip surfaces are similarly constrained. The location of the basal shear surface of the landslide is inferred from borehole logging and borehole inclinometry. Extensive data on material properties, landslide geometries, and pore pressures collected for the Acquara-Vadoncello landslide give values for cohesion, friction angle, and unit weight, plus average basal shear-surface slopes, and pore-pressures required for modelling slip surfaces and stress fields. Results obtained from the landslide-flow model and the field data show that predicted slip surface shapes are consistent with inferred slip surface shapes in both the extending flow main scarp region and in the compressive flow toe region of the Acquara-Vadoncello landslide. Also predicted stress distributions are found to explain deformation features seen in the toe and main scarp regions of the landslide. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNR, IRPI, I-70126 Bari, Italy. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Wasowski, J (reprint author), CNR, IRPI, Via Amendola 122, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM j.wasowski@ba.irpi.cnr.it NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD FEB 28 PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1-3 BP 4 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.06.024 PG 18 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 021EK UT WOS:000235966300002 ER PT J AU Jibson, RW Harp, EL Schulz, W Keefer, DK AF Jibson, RW Harp, EL Schulz, W Keefer, DK TI Large rock avalanches triggered by the M 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002 SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE earthquake-triggered landslides; rock avalanche; earthquake shaking; Alaska ID GROUND MOTION; DEBRIS FLOW; LANDSLIDES; DYNAMICS AB The moment magnitude (M) 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002 triggered thousands of landslides, primarily rock falls and rock slides, that ranged in volume from rock falls of a few cubic meters to rock avalanches having volumes as great as 20 x 10(6) m(3). The pattern of landsliding was unusual: the number and concentration of triggered slides was much less than expected for an earthquake of this magnitude, and the landslides were concentrated in a narrow zone about 30-km wide that straddled the fault-rupture zone over its entire 300-km length. Despite the overall sparse landslide concentration, the earthquake triggered several large rock avalanches that clustered along the western third of the rupture zone where acceleration levels and ground-shaking frequencies are thought to have been the highest. Inferences about near-field strong-shaking characteristics drawn from interpretation of the landslide distribution are strikingly consistent with results of recent inversion modeling that indicate that high-frequency energy generation was greatest in the western part of the fault-rupture zone and decreased markedly to the east. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jibson, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jibson@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD FEB 28 PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1-3 BP 144 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.06.029 PG 17 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 021EK UT WOS:000235966300010 ER PT J AU List, JH Farris, AS Sullivan, C AF List, JH Farris, AS Sullivan, C TI Reversing storm hotspots on sandy beaches: Spatial and temporal characteristics SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal erosion; hotspot; shoreline change; Outer Banks; Cape Cod; storm ID AIRBORNE TOPOGRAPHIC LIDAR; SHORELINE EVOLUTION; GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; NEW-YORK; EL-NINO; EROSION; COAST; VARIABILITY; MORPHOLOGY; WAVES AB Coastal erosion hotspots are defined as sections of coast that exhibit significantly higher rates of erosion than adjacent areas. This paper describes the spatial and temporal characteristics of a recently identified type of coastal erosion hotspot, which forms in response to storms on uninterrupted sandy coasts largely free from human intervention. These are referred to here as reversing storm hotspots because the erosion is reversed by accretion of a similar magnitude to the storm-induced erosion. The accretion occurs within a few days or weeks of fair weather after the storm. Reversing storm hotspots observed here, on two US cast coast beaches, have a longshore length averaging 3.86 km, a cross-shore excursion (magnitude of erosion or accretion) averaging 15.4 m, and a time scale of days to weeks associated with individual storm events. These spatial and temporal scales clearly distinguish reversing storm hotspots from previously described forms of longshore variability in erosion, including those attributed to several types of shoreline undulations and hotspots associated with long-term shoreline change. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP List, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jlist@usgs.gov; afarris@usgs.gov; csullivan@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD FEB 28 PY 2006 VL 226 IS 3-4 BP 261 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.10.003 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 019UE UT WOS:000235861400006 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA McKernan, MA Eisenreich, KM Link, WA Olsen, GH Hoffman, DJ Knowles, KA McGowan, PC AF Rattner, BA McKernan, MA Eisenreich, KM Link, WA Olsen, GH Hoffman, DJ Knowles, KA McGowan, PC TI Toxicity and hazard of vanadium to Mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID LEAD-CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; BIRDS; RATS; VANADATE; ACCUMULATION; SELENIUM; MERCURY AB A recent Canada goose (Branta canadensis) die-off at a petroleum refinery fly ash pond in Delaware was attributed to vanadium ( V) toxicity. Because of the paucity of V toxicity data for wild birds, a series of studies was undertaken using the forms of V believed to have resulted in this incident. In 7-d single oral dose trials with mallard drakes (Anas platyrhynchos), the estimated median lethal dose (LD50) for vanadium pentoxide was 113 mg/kg body weight, while the LD50 for sodium metavanadate was 75.5 mg/kg. Sodium metavanadate was found to be even more potent ( LD50 = 37.2 mg/kg) in male Canada geese. The most distinctive histopathological lesion of both forms of V was lympho-granulocytic enteritis with hemorrhage into the intestinal lumen. Vanadium accumulation in liver and kidney was proportional to the administered dose, and predictive analyses based on these data suggest that V concentrations of 10 mu g/g dry weight (dw) in liver and 25 mu g/g dw in kidney are associated with mortality (> 90% confidence that exposure is > LD50) in mallards acutely exposed to sodium metavanadate. Chronic exposure to increasing dietary concentrations of sodium metavanadate (38.5 to 2651 ppm) over 67 d resulted in V accumulation in liver and kidney (25.2 and 13.6 mu g/g dw, respectively), mild intestinal hemorrhage, blood chemistry changes, and evidence of hepatic oxidative stress in mallards, although some of these responses may have been confounded by food avoidance and weight loss. Dietary exposure of mallards to 250 ppm sodium metavanadate for 4 wk resulted in modest accumulation of V in liver and kidney (< 5 mu g/g dw) and mild intestinal hemorrhage. Based on these data and other observations, it is unlikely that chronic low-level dietary exposure to V poses a direct lethal hazard to wildlife. However, point sources, such as the V-laden fly ash pond encountered by geese at the petroleum refinery in Delaware, may pose a significant hazard to water birds. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Environm Lab Sect, Dover, DE USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E,Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Barnett_Rattner@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD FEB 27 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 4 BP 331 EP 351 DI 10.1080/15287390500398265 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 017QQ UT WOS:000235708500006 PM 16407091 ER PT J AU Emlen, JM Duda, JJ Kirchhoff, MD Freeman, DC AF Emlen, JM Duda, JJ Kirchhoff, MD Freeman, DC TI Interaction Assessment: A modeling tool for predicting population dynamics from field data SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE population models; prediction; interaction; model selection AB Interaction Assessment (INTASS) is a field and analytic methodology for constructing population dynamics models. Because data collected in generating a model for one species comprise much of the information needed for other species, a small increase in effort can result in simultaneous expressions for the dynamics of multiple species. These expressions can be used to simulate whole community responses to environmental change, including management actions. Since publication of the most recent paper in this series, the INTASS methodology has undergone a large number of developments. These include the use of conceptual models to direct field and modeling efforts and incorporation of an information theoretic approach to model selection. We review these modifications and additions, applying them to a population of Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoilius hemionis) in Alaska and to cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) at the Desert Experimental Range in Utah. In both cases, useful information about the species' ecology and population trends was ascertained. INTASS is portable across a wide range of taxa, habitats and management situations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Emlen, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM john_Emlen@usgs.gov RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 25 PY 2006 VL 192 IS 3-4 BP 557 EP 570 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.07.012 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017AK UT WOS:000235666300012 ER PT J AU Michel, AL Bengis, RG Keet, DF Hofmeyr, M de Klerk, LM Cross, PC Jolles, AE Cooper, D Whyte, IJ Buss, P Godfroid, J AF Michel, AL Bengis, RG Keet, DF Hofmeyr, M de Klerk, LM Cross, PC Jolles, AE Cooper, D Whyte, IJ Buss, P Godfroid, J TI Wildlife tuberculosis in South African conservation areas: Implications and challenges SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Mycobacterium Bovis CY AUG 22-26, 2005 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP CVERA DE Mycobacterium bovis; African wildlife; epidemiology; wildlife-livestock-human interface ID KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; BUFFALO SYNCERUS-CAFFER; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; DISEASE; SPARRMAN AB Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, was first diagnosed in African buffalo in South Africa's Kruger National Park in 1990. Over the past 15 years the disease has spread northwards leaving only the most northern buffalo herds unaffected. Evidence suggests that 10 other small and large mammalian species, including large predators, are spillover hosts. Wildlife tuberculosis has also been diagnosed in several adjacent private game reserves and in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, the third largest game reserve in South Africa. The tuberculosis epidemic has a number of implications, for which the full effect of some might only be seen in the longterm. Potential negative long-term effects on the population dynamics of certain social animal species and the direct threat for the survival of endangered species pose particular problems for wildlife conservationists. On the other hand, the risk of spillover infection to neighboring communal cattle raises concerns about human health at the wildlife-livestock-human interface, not only along the western boundary of Kruger National Park, but also with regards to the joint development of the Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area with Zimbabwe and Mozambique. From an economic point of view, wildlife tuberculosis has resulted in national and international trade restrictions for affected species. The lack of diagnostic tools for most species and the absence of an effective vaccine make it currently impossible to contain and control this disease within an infected free-ranging ecosystem. Veterinary researchers and policy-makers have recognized the need to intensify research on this disease and the need to develop tools for control, initially targeting buffalo and lion. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARC, Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Dept Bacteriol, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. Directorate Vet Sci, Skukuza, South Africa. S African Natl Pks, Skukuza, South Africa. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. KZN Wildlife, ZA-3936 St Lucia, South Africa. Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Trop Dis, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. RP Michel, AL (reprint author), ARC, Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Dept Bacteriol, Private Bag x05, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. EM MichelA@arc.agric.za RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012; OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Michel, Anita/0000-0001-9240-2653 NR 49 TC 133 Z9 138 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD FEB 25 PY 2006 VL 112 IS 2-4 SI SI BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.035 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 013GI UT WOS:000235397400002 PM 16343819 ER PT J AU Auger, E D'Auria, L Martini, M Chouet, B Dawson, P AF Auger, E D'Auria, L Martini, M Chouet, B Dawson, P TI Real-time monitoring and massive inversion of source parameters of very long period seismic signals: An application to Stromboli Volcano, Italy SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIAL SEMBLANCE; EXPLOSIONS AB We present a comprehensive processing tool for the real-time analysis of the source mechanism of very long period (VLP) seismic data based on waveform inversions performed in the frequency domain for a point source. A search for the source providing the best-fitting solution is conducted over a three-dimensional grid of assumed source locations, in which the Green's functions associated with each point source are calculated by finite differences using the reciprocal relation between source and receiver. Tests performed on 62 nodes of a Linux cluster indicate that the waveform inversion and search for the best-fitting signal over 100,000 point sources require roughly 30 s of processing time for a 2-min-long record. The procedure is applied to post-processing of a data archive and to continuous automatic inversion of real-time data at Stromboli, providing insights into different modes of degassing at this volcano. C1 Osserv Vesuviano, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Napoli, I-80124 Naples, Italy. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Auger, E (reprint author), Osserv Vesuviano, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Napoli, Via Diocleziano 328, I-80124 Naples, Italy. EM dauria@ov.ingv.it RI D'Auria, Luca/A-2023-2010 OI D'Auria, Luca/0000-0002-7664-2216 NR 17 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 22 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 AR L04301 DI 10.1029/2005GL024703 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 021DY UT WOS:000235965100003 ER PT J AU Cabrol, NA Farmer, JD Grin, EA Richter, L Soderblom, L Li, R Herkenhoff, K Landis, GA Arvidson, RE AF Cabrol, NA Farmer, JD Grin, EA Richter, L Soderblom, L Li, R Herkenhoff, K Landis, GA Arvidson, RE TI Aqueous processes at Gusev crater inferred from physical properties of rocks and soils along the Spirit traverse SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MAADIM-VALLIS; MARS; ROVER; WATER; SPECTROMETER; PALEOLAKE; DEPOSITS; VALLEYS; IMAGES AB Gusev crater was selected as the landing site for Spirit on the basis of morphological evidence of long-lasting water activity, including possibly fluvial and lacustrine episodes. From the Columbia Memorial Station to the Columbia Hills, Spirit's traverse provides a journey back in time, from relatively recent volcanic plains showing little evidence for aqueous processes up to the older hills, where rock and soil composition are drastically different. For the first 156 sols, the only evidence of water action was weathering rinds, vein fillings, and soil crust cementation by salts. The trenches of Sols 112 - 145 marked the first significant findings of increased concentrations of sulfur and magnesium varying in parallel, suggesting that they be paired as magnesium-sulfate. Spirit's arrival at West Spur coincided with a shift in rock and soil composition with observations hinting at substantial amounts of water in Gusev's past. We used the Microscopic Imager data up to Sol 431 to analyze rock and soil properties and infer plausible types and magnitude of aqueous processes through time. We show the role played early by topography and structure. The morphology, texture, and deep alteration shown by the rocks in West Spur and the Columbia Hills Formation (CHF) suggest conditions that are not met in present-day Mars and required a wetter environment, which could have included transport of sulfur, chlorine, and bromine in water, vapor in volcanic gases, hydrothermal circulation, or saturation in a briny fluid containing the same elements. Changing conditions that might have affected flow circulation are suggested by different textural and morphological characteristics between the rocks in the CHF and those of the plains, with higher porosity proxy, higher void ratio, and higher water storage potential in the CHF. Soils were used to assess aqueous processes and water pathways in the top layers of modern soils. We conclude that infiltration might have become more difficult with time. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NASA, John Glenn Res Ctr, Photovolta & Space Environm Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. DLR, Inst Raumsimulat, D-51170 Cologne, Germany. RP NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ncabrol@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 54 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB 22 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E2 AR E02S20 DI 10.1029/2005JE002490 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 021FD UT WOS:000235968200001 ER PT J AU Kitaysky, AS Kitaiskaia, EV Piatt, JF Wingfield, JC AF Kitaysky, AS Kitaiskaia, EV Piatt, JF Wingfield, JC TI A mechanistic link between chick diet and decline in seabirds? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE climate change; cognition; corticosterone; kittiwake; nutritional stress ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; POSTNATAL-GROWTH; STRESS-RESPONSE; CORTICOSTERONE; RESTRICTION AB A climatic regime shift during the mid-1970s in the North Pacific resulted in decreased availability of lipid-rich fish to seabirds and was followed by a dramatic decline in number of kittiwakes breeding on the Pribilof Islands. Although production of chicks in the mid-1970s was adequate to sustain kittiwake populations in the early 1980s, the disappearance of birds from breeding colonies apparently exceeded recruitment. No mechanism has been proposed to explain why recruitment would differ among fledglings fed lipid-rich or lipid-poor fish during development. Here we show that diets low in lipids induce nutritional stress and impair cognitive abilities in young red-legged kittiwakes, Rissa brevirostris. Specifically, growth retardation, increased secretion of stress hormones and inferior ability to associate food distribution with visual cues were observed in individuals fed lipid-poor diets. We conclude that lipid-poor diets during development affect the quality of young seabirds, which is likely to result in their increased mortality and low recruitment. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USGS, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Zool, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kitaysky, AS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Irving 311, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffask@uaf.edu NR 30 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD FEB 22 PY 2006 VL 273 IS 1585 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3351 PG 6 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 010ZZ UT WOS:000235238700010 PM 16615211 ER PT J AU Stannard, DI Weltz, MA AF Stannard, DI Weltz, MA TI Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLOSED-CHAMBER; MONSOON 90; EDDY-CORRELATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; BOWEN-RATIO; H2O FLUXES; HEAT FLUX; FIELD; TRANSPIRATION; CONDUCTANCE AB A portable chamber was used to separate evapotranspiration (ET) from a sparse, mixed-species shrub canopy in southeastern Arizona, United States, into vegetation and soil components. Chamber measurements were made of ET from the five dominant species, and from bare soil, on 3 days during the monsoon season when the soil surface was dry. The chamber measurements were assembled into landscape ET using a simple geometric model of the vegetated land surface. Chamber estimates of landscape ET were well correlated with, but about 26% greater than, simultaneous eddy-correlation measurements. Excessive air speed inside the chamber appears to be the primary cause of the overestimate. Overall, transpiration accounted for 84% of landscape ET, and bare soil evaporation for 16%. Desert zinnia, a small (similar to 0.1 m high) but abundant species, was the greatest water user, both per unit area of shrub and of landscape. Partitioning of ET into components varied as a function of air temperature and shallow soil moisture. Transpiration from shorter species was more highly correlated with air temperature whereas transpiration from taller species was more highly correlated with shallow soil moisture. Application of these results to a full drying cycle between rainfalls at a similar site suggests that during the monsoon, ET at such sites may be about equally partitioned between transpiration and bare soil evaporation. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stannard, DI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, MS 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM distanna@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 22 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 AR W02413 DI 10.1029/2005WR004251 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 021FY UT WOS:000235970300002 ER PT J AU Wang, A Haskin, LA Squyres, SW Jolliff, BL Crumpler, L Gellert, R Schroder, C Herkenhoff, K Hurowitz, J Tosca, NJ Farrand, WH Anderson, R Knudson, AT AF Wang, A Haskin, LA Squyres, SW Jolliff, BL Crumpler, L Gellert, R Schroder, C Herkenhoff, K Hurowitz, J Tosca, NJ Farrand, WH Anderson, R Knudson, AT TI Sulfate deposition in subsurface regolith in Gusev crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID HUMIDITY-BUFFER TECHNIQUE; SPIRIT ROVER; MOSSBAUER SPECTROMETER; NEAR-SURFACE; 0.1 MPA; ROCKS; SOILS; MINERALOGY; WATER; DISSOLUTION AB Excavating into the shallow Martian subsurface has the potential to expose stratigraphic layers and mature regolith, which may hold a record of more ancient aqueous interactions than those expected under current Martian surface conditions. During the Spirit rover's exploration of Gusev crater, rover wheels were used to dig three trenches into the subsurface regolith down to 6 - 11 cm depth: Road Cut, the Big Hole, and The Boroughs. A high oxidation state of Fe and high concentrations of Mg, S, Cl, and Br were found in the subsurface regolith within the two trenches on the plains, between the Bonneville crater and the foot of Columbia Hills. Data analyses on the basis of geochemistry and mineralogy observations suggest the deposition of sulfate minerals within the subsurface regolith, mainly Mg-sulfates accompanied by minor Ca-sulfates and perhaps Fe-sulfates. An increase of Fe2O3, an excess of SiO2, and a minor decrease in the olivine proportion relative to surface materials are also inferred. Three hypotheses are proposed to explain the geochemical trends observed in trenches: ( 1) multiple episodes of acidic fluid infiltration, accompanied by in situ interaction with igneous minerals and salt deposition; ( 2) an open hydrologic system characterized by ion transportation in the fluid, subsequent evaporation of the fluid, and salt deposition; and ( 3) emplacement and mixing of impact ejecta of variable composition. While all three may have plausibly contributed to the current state of the subsurface regolith, the geochemical data are most consistent with ion transportation by fluids and salt deposition as a result of open-system hydrologic behavior. Although sulfates make up > 20 wt.% of the regolith in the wall of The Boroughs trench, a higher hydrated sulfate than kieserite within The Boroughs or a greater abundance of sulfates elsewhere than is seen in The Boroughs wall regolith would be needed to hold the structural water indicated by the water-equivalent hydrogen concentration observed by the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on Odyssey in the Gusev region. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Abt Kosmochem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan Chem & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Campus Box 1169,1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM alianw@levee.wustl.edu RI Hurowitz, Joel/A-8862-2008; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009 OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039 NR 54 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB 21 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E2 AR E02S17 DI 10.1029/2005JE002513 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 021FA UT WOS:000235967900001 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Zarnke, R Thomas, NJ Wong, SK Van Bonn, W Briggs, M Davis, JW Ewing, R Mense, M Kwok, OCH Romand, S Thulliez, P AF Dubey, JP Zarnke, R Thomas, NJ Wong, SK Van Bonn, W Briggs, M Davis, JW Ewing, R Mense, M Kwok, OCH Romand, S Thulliez, P TI Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and Sarcocystis canis-like infections in marine mammals (vol 116, pg 275, 2003) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Dept Interior, Madison, WI 53711 USA. USN, Marine Mammal Program, Biosci Div, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL 60513 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, SE Lacey, WA 98503 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Dept Commerce, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Inst Puericulture, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,BARC E, Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 18 PY 2006 VL 135 IS 3-4 BP 385 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.10.019 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 011MZ UT WOS:000235273700024 ER PT J AU Herkenhoff, KE Squyres, SW Anderson, R Archinal, BA Arvidson, RE Barrett, JM Becker, KJ Bell, JF Budney, C Cabrol, NA Chapman, MG Cook, D Ehlmann, BL Farmer, J Franklin, B Gaddis, LR Galuszka, DM Garcia, PA Hare, TM Howington-Kraus, E Johnson, JR Johnson, S Kinch, K Kirk, RL Lee, EM Leff, C Lemmon, M Madsen, MB Maki, JN Mullins, KF Redding, BL Richter, L Rosiek, MR Sims, MH Soderblom, LA Spanovich, N Springer, R Sucharski, RM Sucharski, T Sullivan, R Torson, JM Yen, A AF Herkenhoff, KE Squyres, SW Anderson, R Archinal, BA Arvidson, RE Barrett, JM Becker, KJ Bell, JF Budney, C Cabrol, NA Chapman, MG Cook, D Ehlmann, BL Farmer, J Franklin, B Gaddis, LR Galuszka, DM Garcia, PA Hare, TM Howington-Kraus, E Johnson, JR Johnson, S Kinch, K Kirk, RL Lee, EM Leff, C Lemmon, M Madsen, MB Maki, JN Mullins, KF Redding, BL Richter, L Rosiek, MR Sims, MH Soderblom, LA Spanovich, N Springer, R Sucharski, RM Sucharski, T Sullivan, R Torson, JM Yen, A TI Overview of the Microscopic Imager Investigation during Spirit's first 450 sols in Gusev crater SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARS; ROVER; ROCKS AB The Microscopic Imager (MI) on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has returned images of Mars with higher resolution than any previous camera system, allowing detailed petrographic and sedimentological studies of the rocks and soils at the Gusev landing site. Designed to simulate a geologist's hand lens, the MI is mounted on Spirit's instrument arm and can resolve objects 0.1 mm in size or larger. This paper provides an overview of MI operations, data calibration, processing, and analysis of MI data returned during the first 450 sols (Mars days) of the Spirit landed mission. The primary goal of this paper is to facilitate further analyses of MI data by summarizing the methods used to acquire and process the data, the radiometric and geometric accuracy of MI data products, and the availability of archival products. In addition, scientific results of the MI investigation are summarized. MI observations show that poorly sorted soils are common in Gusev crater, although aeolian bedforms have well-sorted coarse sand grains on their surfaces. Abraded surfaces of plains rocks show igneous textures, light-toned veins or fracture-filling minerals, and discrete coatings. The rocks in the Columbia Hills have a wide variety of granular textures, consistent with volcaniclastic or impact origins. Case hardening and submillimeter veins observed in the rocks as well as soil crusts and cemented clods imply episodic subsurface aqueous fluid movement, which has altered multiple geologic units in the Columbia Hills. The MI also monitored Spirit's solar panels and the magnets on the rover's deck. C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Danish Space Res Inst, Ctr Planetary Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst Astron Phys & Geophys, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. DLR, Inst Raumsimulat, D-51170 Cologne, Germany. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM kherkenhoff@usgs.gov RI Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; Madsen, Morten/D-2082-2011; Kinch, Kjartan/C-5742-2015; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; OI Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; Madsen, Morten/0000-0001-8909-5111; Kinch, Kjartan/0000-0002-4629-8880; Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X NR 50 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB 16 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E2 AR E02S04 DI 10.1029/2005JE002574 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 017EK UT WOS:000235676700001 ER PT J AU Smithwick, M Norstrom, RJ Mabury, SA Solomon, K Evans, TJ Stirling, I Taylor, MK Muir, DCG AF Smithwick, M Norstrom, RJ Mabury, SA Solomon, K Evans, TJ Stirling, I Taylor, MK Muir, DCG TI Temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl contaminants in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from two locations in the North American Arctic, 1972-2002 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PERFLUORINATED ACIDS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MARINE MAMMALS; ALCOHOLS; LIVER; BIOTRANSFORMATION; ACCUMULATION; TISSUE AB Perfluoroalkyl substances are globally distributed anthropogenic contaminants. Their production and use have increased dramatically from the early 1980s. While many recent publications have reported concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and other perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAs) in biotic and abiotic samples, only limited work has addressed temporal trends. In this study we analyzed archived polar bear (Ursus maritimus) liver tissue samples from two geographic locations in the North American Arctic, collected from 1972 to 2002. The eastern group, taken from the vicinity of northern Baffin Island, Canada, comprised 31 samples, and the western group, from the vicinity of Barrow, Alaska, comprised 27 samples. Samples were analyzed for perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) from carbon chain length C8 to C15, perfluorohexane sulfonate, PFOS, the neutral precursor perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), as well as 8:2 and 10:2 fluorotelomer acids and their alpha,beta unsaturated acid counterparts. Concentrations of PFOS and PFCAs with carbon chain lengths from C9 to C11 showed an exponential increase between 1972 and 2002 at both locations. Doubling times ranged from 3.6 +/- 0.9 years for perfluorononanoic acid in the eastern group to 13.1 +/- 4.0 years for PFOS in the western group. PFOSA showed decreasing concentrations over time at both locations, while the remaining PFAs showed no significant trends or were not detected in any sample. The doubling time for PFOS was similar to the doubling time of production of perfluoroctylsulfonyl-fluoride-based products during the 1990s. C1 Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K15 5B6, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. Govt NW Terr, Dept Resources Wildlife & Econ Dev, Inuvik, NT, Canada. RP Muir, DCG (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM derek.muir@ec.gc.ca OI Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776 NR 41 TC 96 Z9 103 U1 6 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1139 EP 1143 DI 10.1021/es051750h PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 014KK UT WOS:000235478700012 PM 16572767 ER PT J AU Repert, DA Barber, LB Hess, KM Keefe, SH Kent, DB Leblanc, DR Smith, RL AF Repert, DA Barber, LB Hess, KM Keefe, SH Kent, DB Leblanc, DR Smith, RL TI Long-term natural attenuation of carbon and nitrogen within a groundwater plume after removal of the treated wastewater source SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; GRADIENT TRACER TEST; GRAVEL AQUIFER; CAPE-COD; LINEAR ALKYLBENZENESULFONATE; SAND; DENITRIFICATION; TESTS; FATE; CHLOROBENZENES AB Disposal of treated wastewater for more than 60 years onto infiltration beds on Cape Cod, Massachusetts produced a groundwater contaminant plume greater than 6 km long in a surficial sand and gravel aquifer. In December 1995 the wastewater disposal ceased. Along-term, continuous study was conducted to characterize the post-cessation attenuation of the plume from the source to 0.6 km downgradient. Concentrations and total pools of mobile constituents, such as boron and nitrate, steadily decreased within 1-4 years along the transect, Dissolved organic carbon loads also decreased, but to a lesser extent, particularly downgradient of the infiltration beds. After 4 years, concentrations and pools of carbon and nitrogen in groundwater were relatively constant with time and distance, but substantially elevated above background. The contaminant plume core remained anoxic for the entire 10-year study period; temporal patterns of integrated oxygen deficit decreased slowly at all sites. In 2004, substantial amounts of total dissolved carbon (7 mol C m(-2)) and fixed (dissolved plus sorbed) inorganic nitrogen (0.5 mol N m(-2)) were still present in a 28-m vertical interval at the disposal site. Sorbed constituents have contributed substantially to the dissolved carbon and nitrogen pools and are responsible for the long-term persistence of the contaminant plume. Natural aquifer restoration at the discharge location will take at least several decades, even though groundwater flow rates and the potential for contaminant flushing are relatively high. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rlsmith@usgs.gov RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125 NR 35 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1154 EP 1162 DI 10.1021/es051442j PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 014KK UT WOS:000235478700014 PM 16572769 ER PT J AU Liu, JX Liu, SG Loveland, TR AF Liu, JX Liu, SG Loveland, TR TI Temporal evolution of carbon budgets of the Appalachian forests in the US from 1972 to 2000 SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE land cover change; forest ecosystem; carbon source and sink; scaling; model ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; MODEL; CLIMATE; FLUXES; SEQUESTRATION; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS AB Estimating dynamic terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) sources and sinks over large areas is difficult. The scaling of C sources and sinks from the field level to the regional level has been challenging due to the variations of climate, soil, vegetation, and disturbances. As part of an effort to estimate the spatial, temporal, and sectional dimensions of the United States C sources and sinks (the U.S. Carbon Trends Project), this study estimated the forest ecosystem C sequestration of the Appalachian region (186,000 km(2)) for the period of 1972-2000 using the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) that has a strong capability of assimilating land use and land cover change (LUCC) data. On 82 sampling blocks in the Appalachian region, GEMS used sequential 60 m resolution land cover change maps to capture forest stand-replacing events and used forest inventory data to estimate non-stand-replacing changes. GEMS also used Monte Carlo approaches to deal with spatial scaling issues such as initialization of forest age and soil properties. Ensemble simulations were performed to incorporate the uncertainties of input data. Simulated results show that from 1972 to 2000 the net primary productivity (NPP), net ecosystem productivity (NEP), and net biome productivity (NBP) averaged 6.2 Mg C ha(-1) y(-1) (+/- 1.1), 2.2 Mg C ha(-1) y(-1) (+/- 0.6), and 1.8 Mg C ha(-1) y(-1) (+/- 0.6), respectively. The inter-annual variability was driven mostly by climate. Detailed C budgets for the year 2000 were also calculated. Within a total 148,000 km(2) forested area, average forest ecosystem C density was estimated to be 186 Mg C ha(-1) (+/- 20), of which 98 Mg C ha(-1) (+/- 12) was in biomass and 88 Mg C ha(-1) (+/- 13) was in litter and soil. The total simulated C stock of the Appalachian forests was estimated to be 2751 Tg C (+/- 296), including 1454 Tg C (+/- 178) in living biomass and 1297 Tg C (+/- 192) in litter and soil. The total net C sequestration (i.e. NBP) of the forest ecosystem in 2000 was estimated to be 19.5 T C y(-1) (6.8). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Liu, JX (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr EROS, SAIC, 47914 252 St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jxliu@usgs.gov RI El Husny, Chafic/G-5410-2012 NR 47 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 222 IS 1-3 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.028 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 016DA UT WOS:000235599700020 ER PT J AU Lance, EW Howell, SM Lance, BK Howlin, S Suring, LH Goldstein, MI AF Lance, EW Howell, SM Lance, BK Howlin, S Suring, LH Goldstein, MI TI Spruce beetles and timber harvest in Alaska: Implications for northern red-backed voles SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Clethrionomys rutilus; Dendroctonus rufipennis; Kenai Peninsula; northern red-backed vole; Picea glauca; timber harvest; spruce beetle ID SMALL MAMMALS; HABITAT SELECTION; FOREST; DYNAMICS; OREGON; POPULATIONS; WASHINGTON; DEMOGRAPHY; CLEARCUTS; ABUNDANCE AB Changes in structure and function of spruce forests occurred following a recent spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) epidemic in the temperate forests of south-central Alaska. To assess the effects of this infestation and the subsequent land management practices used to reduce the risk of catastrophic fire, we measured northern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus) abundance over a 10-year period. We established eight live trapping grids across white spruce (Picea glauca) forests. Dead trees were harvested from four treatment grids; four grids remained as reference (not harvested). Northern red-backed vole populations synchronously declined across all sampling areas following the spruce beetle infestation, and began recovery by the end of the study. Population decline and subsequent recovery did not appear to be influenced by timber harvest. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Tongass Natl Forest, Thorne Bay, AK 99919 USA. NOAA, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. Western Ecosyst Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Terr Wildlife Ecol Unit, Forestry Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Goldstein, MI (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, POB 21628, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM Goldstein.MI@gmail.com NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 222 IS 1-3 BP 476 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.11.023 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 016DA UT WOS:000235599700047 ER PT J AU Jochum, KP Stoll, B Herwig, K Willbold, M Hofmann, AW Amini, M Aarburg, S Abouchami, W Hellebrand, E Mocek, B Raczek, I Stracke, A Alard, O Bouman, C Becker, S Ducking, M Bratz, H Klemd, R de Bruin, D Canil, D Cornell, D de Hoog, CJ Dalpe, C Danyushevsky, L Eisenhauer, A Gao, YJ Snow, JE Goschopf, N Gunther, D Latkoczy, C Guillong, M Hauri, EH Hofer, HE Lahaye, Y Horz, K Jacob, DE Kassemann, SA Kent, AJR Ludwig, T Zack, T Mason, PRD Meixner, A Rosner, M Misawa, KJ Nash, BP Pfander, J Premo, WR Sun, WD Tiepolo, M Vannucci, R Vennemann, T Wayne, D Woodhead, JD AF Jochum, Klaus Peter Stoll, Brigitte Herwig, Kirstin Willbold, Matthias Hofmann, Albrecht W. Amini, Marghaleray Aarburg, Susanne Abouchami, Wafa Hellebrand, Eric Mocek, Beate Raczek, Ingrid Stracke, Andreas Alard, Olivier Bouman, Claudia Becker, Stefan Duecking, Marc Braetz, Helene Klemd, Reiner de Bruin, Deon Canil, Dante Cornell, Dave de Hoog, Cees-Jan Dalpe, Claude Danyushevsky, Leonid Eisenhauer, Anton Gao, Yongjun Snow, Jonathan E. Goschopf, NOra Gunther, D. Latkoczy, Christopher Guillong, Marcel Hauri, Erik H. Hoefer, Heidi E. Lahaye, Yann Horz, Kersten Jacob, Dorrit E. Kassemann, Simone A. Kent, Adam J. R. Ludwig, Thomas Zack, Thomas Mason, Paul R. D. Meixner, Anette Rosner, Martin Misawa, Keiji Nash, Barbara P. Pfaender, Jorg Premo, Wayne R. Sun, Weidong Tiepolo, Massimo Vannucci, Riccardo Vennemann, Torsten Wayne, Dave Woodhead, Jon D. TI MPI-DING reference glasses for in situ microanalysis: New reference values for element concentrations and isotope ratios SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE MPI-DING glasses; reference values; isotopes; in situ microanalysis; geochemistry : radiogenic isotope geochemistry; geochemistry : major and trace element geochemistry; geochemistry : instruments and techniques ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ABLATION-ICP-MS; GEOLOGICAL REFERENCE MATERIALS; CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS; ASSOCIATION-OF-GEOANALYSTS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTRON-MICROPROBE; HIGH-PRECISION; SRM 610 AB [1] We present new analytical data of major and trace elements for the geological MPI-DING glasses KL2-G, ML3B-G, StHs6/80-G, GOR128-G, GOR132-G, BM90/21-G, T1-G, and ATHO-G. Different analytical methods were used to obtain a large spectrum of major and trace element data, in particular, EPMA, SIMS, LA-ICPMS, and isotope dilution by TIMS and ICPMS. Altogether, more than 60 qualified geochemical laboratories worldwide contributed to the analyses, allowing us to present new reference and information values and their uncertainties ( at 95% confidence level) for up to 74 elements. We complied with the recommendations for the certification of geological reference materials by the International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG). The reference values were derived from the results of 16 independent techniques, including definitive ( isotope dilution) and comparative bulk ( e. g., INAA, ICPMS, SSMS) and microanalytical ( e. g., LA-ICPMS, SIMS, EPMA) methods. Agreement between two or more independent methods and the use of definitive methods provided traceability to the fullest extent possible. We also present new and recently published data for the isotopic compositions of H, B, Li, O, Ca, Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb. The results were mainly obtained by high-precision bulk techniques, such as TIMS and MC-ICPMS. In addition, LA-ICPMS and SIMS isotope data of B, Li, and Pb are presented. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. IFM, GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Thermo Electron GmbH, Finnigan Adv Mass Spectrometry, D-28199 Bremen, Germany. Bundeskriminalamt, D-65173 Wiesbaden, Germany. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Council Geosci, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Forens Lab Serv, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R2, Canada. Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. ETH Honggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Heidelberg Univ, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Natl Inst Polar Res, Itabashi Ku, Tokyo 1738515, Japan. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84111 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. CNR, IGG, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Tubingen, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Jochum, KP (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Postfach 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. EM kpj@mpch-mainz.mpg.de RI Eisenhauer, Anton/K-6454-2012; Sun, Weidong/F-8482-2010; Jacob, Dorrit/F-8617-2010; Woodhead, Jon/C-2227-2012; Snow, Jonathan/E-5591-2011; Danyushevsky, Leonid/C-5346-2013; Rosner, Martin/B-9264-2009; Zack, Thomas/C-6153-2009; De Hoog, Jan/C-1354-2010; Hellebrand, Eric/L-2898-2013; Guillong, Marcel/F-8527-2015; Zack, Thomas/K-7228-2013; ALARD, Olivier/A-7128-2008 OI Mason, Paul/0000-0001-7569-5917; Woodhead, Jon/0000-0002-7614-0136; Willbold, Matthias/0000-0003-2178-2470; Jacob, Dorrit/0000-0003-4744-6627; Danyushevsky, Leonid/0000-0003-4050-6850; De Hoog, Jan/0000-0002-5930-3597; Guillong, Marcel/0000-0002-6920-3362; Zack, Thomas/0000-0003-4747-4134; ALARD, Olivier/0000-0002-0832-6625 NR 100 TC 247 Z9 256 U1 7 U2 64 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 7 AR Q02008 DI 10.1029/2005GC001060 PG 44 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065ZN UT WOS:000239199100001 ER PT J AU Wang, A Korotev, RL Jolliff, BL Haskin, LA Crumpler, L Farrand, WH Herkenhoff, KE de Souza, P Kusack, AG Hurowitz, JA Tosca, NJ AF Wang, Alian Korotev, Randy L. Jolliff, Bradley L. Haskin, Larry A. Crumpler, Larry Farrand, William H. Herkenhoff, Ken E. de Souza, Paulo, Jr. Kusack, Alastair G. Hurowitz, Joel A. Tosca, Nicholas J. TI Evidence of phyllosilicates in Wooly Patch, an altered rock encountered at West Spur, Columbia Hills, by the Spirit rover in Gusev crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MOSSBAUER SPECTROMETER; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; CLAY-MINERALS; SURFACE; CHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; SOILS; MOON; PH AB [ 1] On its traverse to Columbia Hills, the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit investigated an outcrop designated "Wooly Patch'' that exhibited morphological, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics at the extreme ends of ranges observed among rocks studied at West Spur, a westward projecting salient near the foot of the Columbia Hills, Gusev crater. The major-element composition and Fe-mineralogy, as determined by the Alpha-Particle X-ray Spectrometer and Mossbauer Spectrometer, are inconsistent with any reasonable assemblage of basaltic minerals in that there is an excess of Si and Al. The combined data are best explained by the presence of 14 - 17% phyllosilicate minerals. Phyllosilicates that account for the composition and cation ratios include members of the kaolinite, serpentine, chlorite, and septechlorite groups. The potential existence of kaolinite-type Al-rich phyllosilicates within the Wooly Patch outcrop suggests a mildly acidic environment ( pH 4 - 6) in the past and an open hydrologic system with good drainage conditions in the environment where these rocks were altered. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Co Vale Rio Doce, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Honeybee Robot, New York, NY 10001 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Wang, A (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Campus Box 1169,1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Hurowitz, Joel/A-8862-2008; de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008 OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925 NR 66 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E2 AR E02S16 DI 10.1029/2005JE002516 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 066AH UT WOS:000239201200002 ER PT J AU Meltzner, AJ Sieh, K Abrams, M Agnew, DC Hudnut, KW Avouac, JP Natawidjaja, DH AF Meltzner, Aron J. Sieh, Kerry Abrams, Michael Agnew, Duncan C. Hudnut, Kenneth W. Avouac, Jean-Philippe Natawidjaja, Danny H. TI Uplift and subsidence associated with the great Aceh-Andaman earthquake of 2004 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GPS MEASUREMENTS; DEFORMATION; MICROATOLLS; SUBDUCTION; TECTONICS; RUPTURE; ARC AB Rupture of the Sunda megathrust on 26 December 2004 produced broad regions of uplift and subsidence. We define the pivot line separating these regions as a first step in defining the lateral extent and the downdip limit of rupture during that great M-w approximate to 9.2 earthquake. In the region of the Andaman and Nicobar islands we rely exclusively on the interpretation of satellite imagery and a tidal model. At the southern limit of the great rupture we rely principally on field measurements of emerged coral microatolls. Uplift extends from the middle of Simeulue Island, Sumatra, at similar to 2.5 degrees N, to Preparis Island, Myanmar (Burma), at similar to 14.9 degrees N. Thus the rupture is similar to 1600 km long. The distance from the pivot line to the trench varies appreciably. The northern and western Andaman Islands rose, whereas the southern and eastern portion of the islands subsided. The Nicobar Islands and the west coast of Aceh province, Sumatra, subsided. Tilt at the southern end of the rupture is steep; the distance from 1.5 m of uplift to the pivot line is just 60 km. Our method of using satellite imagery to recognize changes in elevation relative to sea surface height and of using a tidal model to place quantitative bounds on coseismic uplift or subsidence is a novel approach that can be adapted to other forms of remote sensing and can be applied to other subduction zones in tropical regions. C1 CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Tecton Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Indonesian Inst Sci, Res Ctr Geotechnol, Bandung 40135, Indonesia. RP Meltzner, AJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Tecton Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM meltzner@gps.caltech.edu; sieh@gps.caltech.edu RI Meltzner, Aron/A-5585-2009; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010; Avouac, Jean-Philippe/B-5699-2015; OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Avouac, Jean-Philippe/0000-0002-3060-8442; Agnew, Duncan/0000-0002-2360-7783; Meltzner, Aron/0000-0002-2955-0896 NR 20 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B2 AR B02407 DI 10.1029/2005JB003891 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 066AL UT WOS:000239201600002 ER PT J AU Wall, BRG AF Wall, BRG TI Influence of depositional setting and sedimentary fabric on mechanical layer evolution in carbonate aquifers SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbonates; fluid flow; pressure-solution; fractures; faults; Apennines; Albanides ID STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; PRESSURE-SOLUTION; NORTHEASTERN WISCONSIN; SOLUTION SURFACES; LIMESTONE; ROUGHNESS; POROSITY; PLATFORM; GROWTH; CEMENTATION AB Carbonate aquifers in fold-thrust belt settings often have low-matrix porosity and permeability, and thus groundwater flow pathways depend on high porosity and permeability fracture and fault zones. Methods from sedimentology and structural geology are combined to understand the evolution of fracture controlled flow pathways and determine their spatial distribution. Through this process bed-parallel pressure-solution surfaces (PSI) are identified as a fracture type which influences fragmentation in peritidal and basinal carbonate, and upon shearing provides a major flow pathway in fold-thrust belt carbonate aquifers. Through stratigraphic analysis and fracture mapping, depositional setting is determined to play a critical role in PSI localization and spacing where peritidal strata have closer spaced and less laterally continuous PSI than basinal strata. In the peritidal platform facies, units with planar lamination have bed-parallel pressure-solution seams along mudstone laminae. In contrast, burrowed units of peritidal strata have solution seams with irregular and anastamosing geometries. Laminated units with closely spaced bed-parallel solution seams are more fragmented than bioturbated units with anastamosing solution seams. In the deeper-water depositional environment, pelagic settling and turbidity currents are the dominant sedimentation processes, resulting in laterally continuous deposits relative to the peritidal platform environment. To quantify the fracture patterns in the basinal environment, mechanical layer thickness values were measured from regions of low to high bed dip. The results define a trend in which mechanical layer thickness decreases as layer dip increases. A conceptual model is presented that emphasizes the link between sedimentary and structural fabric for the peritidal and basinal environments, where solution seams localize in mud-rich intervals, and the resulting pressure-solution surface geometry is influenced by sedimentary geometry (i.e., stacked fining upward cycles, burrows, planar laminations). In both facies types, laterally continuous PSI can behave as mechanical layer boundaries. As layer-parallel slip increases to accommodate shear strain in the fold-thrust belt, more PSI behave as mechanical layer boundaries. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Wall, BRG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bgrahamwall@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 184 IS 3-4 BP 203 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.003 PG 22 WC Geology SC Geology GA 012BF UT WOS:000235312500003 ER PT J AU Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Blaney, DL Clark, BC Crumpler, L Farrand, WH Gorevan, S Herkenhoff, KE Hurowitz, J Kusack, A McSween, HY Ming, DW Morris, RV Ruff, SW Wang, A Yen, A AF Squyres, Steven W. Arvidson, Raymond E. Blaney, Diana L. Clark, Benton C. Crumpler, Larry Farrand, William H. Gorevan, Stephen Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Hurowitz, Joel Kusack, Alastair McSween, Harry Y. Ming, Douglas W. Morris, Richard V. Ruff, Steven W. Wang, Alian Yen, Albert TI Rocks of the Columbia Hills SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARS EXPLORATION ROVERS; GUSEV CRATER; SPIRIT ROVER; SPECTROMETER; SOILS AB [ 1] The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has identified five distinct rock types in the Columbia Hills of Gusev crater. Clovis Class rock is a poorly sorted clastic rock that has undergone substantial aqueous alteration. We interpret it to be aqueously altered ejecta deposits formed by impacts into basaltic materials. Wishstone Class rock is also a poorly sorted clastic rock that has a distinctive chemical composition that is high in Ti and P and low in Cr. Wishstone Class rock may be pyroclastic or impact in origin. Peace Class rock is a sedimentary material composed of ultramafic sand grains cemented by significant quantities of Mg- and Ca-sulfates. Peace Class rock may have formed when water briefly saturated the ultramafic sands and evaporated to allow precipitation of the sulfates. Watchtower Class rocks are similar chemically to Wishstone Class rocks and have undergone widely varying degrees of near-isochemical aqueous alteration. They may also be ejecta deposits, formed by impacts into Wishstone-rich materials and altered by small amounts of water. Backstay Class rocks are basalt/trachybasalt lavas that were emplaced in the Columbia Hills after the other rock classes were, either as impact ejecta or by localized volcanic activity. The geologic record preserved in the rocks of the Columbia Hills reveals a period very early in Martian history in which volcanic materials were widespread, impact was a dominant process, and water was commonly present. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Honeybee Robot, New York, NY 10001 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Squyres, SW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, 428 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM squyres@astrosun.tn.cornell.edu RI Hurowitz, Joel/A-8862-2008 NR 28 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB 14 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E2 AR E02S11 DI 10.1029/2005JE002562 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 066AG UT WOS:000239201100002 ER PT J AU Fergason, RL Christensen, PR Bell, JF Golombek, MP Herkenhoff, KE Kieffer, HH AF Fergason, RL Christensen, PR Bell, JF Golombek, MP Herkenhoff, KE Kieffer, HH TI Physical properties of the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites as inferred from Mini-TES-derived thermal inertia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GUSEV CRATER; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; EMISSION SPECTROMETER; SPIRIT ROVER; PARTICLE-SIZE; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; MICROSCOPIC IMAGER; OPPORTUNITY ROVER; AEOLIAN PROCESSES AB [1] The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on board the two Mars Exploration Rovers provides the first opportunity to observe thermal properties from the Martian surface, relate these properties to orbital data, and perform soil conductivity experiments under Martian conditions. The thermal inertias of soils, bedforms, and rock at each landing site were derived to quantify the physical properties of these features and understand geologic processes occurring at these localities. The thermal inertia for the Gusev plains rock target Bonneville Beacon ( similar to 1200 J m(-2) K-1 s(-1/2)) is consistent with a dense, basaltic rock, but the rocks at the Columbia Hills have a lower thermal inertia ( similar to 620 J m(-2) K-1 s(-1/2)), suggesting that they have a volcaniclasic origin. Bedforms on the floors of craters at both landing sites have thermal inertias of 200 J m(-2) K-1 s(-1/2), consistent with a particle diameter of similar to 160 mu m. This diameter is comparable to the most easily moved grain size in the current atmosphere on Mars, suggesting that these bedforms may have formed under current atmospheric conditions. Along the Meridiani plains, the thermal inertia is lower than that derived from TES and Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) orbital data. This discrepancy is not well understood. Mini-TES-derived thermal inertias at Gusev along a similar to 2.5 km traverse follow trends in thermal inertia measured from orbit with TES and THEMIS. However, along the traverse, there are variability and mixing of particle sizes that are not resolved in the orbital thermal inertia data due to meter-scale processes that are not identifiable at larger scales. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Celestial Reasonings, Carson City, NV 89703 USA. RP Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 876305, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM robin.fergason@asu.edu NR 72 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB 11 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E2 AR E02S21 DI 10.1029/2005JE002583 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 012TV UT WOS:000235363800002 ER PT J AU Mummert, A Newcomb, TJ Neves, RJ Parker, B AF Mummert, A Newcomb, TJ Neves, RJ Parker, B TI Evaluation of a recirculating pond system for rearing juvenile freshwater mussels at White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery, West Virginia, USA SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE captive culture; conservation hatchery; Villosa iris; Lampsilis fasciola ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; VILLOSA-IRIS; PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; RAINBOW MUSSELS; OHIO RIVER; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; GROWTH; DIETS; INGESTION AB A recirculating double-pond system at White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery in West Virginia, U.S.A., was evaluated for suitability for culturing juvenile freshwater mussels. Newly metamorphosed juveniles of Villosa iris and Lampsilis fasciola were placed in the system, and their growth and survival were evaluated for 94 days. Throughout the study, parameters of water quality remained within ranges suitable for mussel survival. Planktonic algal densities in the pond system ranged from 2850 to 6892 cells/ml. Thirty-seven algal taxa were identified, primarily green algae (Chlorophyta), diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), and blue-green algae (Cyanoprokaryota). Over the culture period, juveniles of L. fasciola experienced significantly lower (p < 0.001) survival (6.3% +/- 4.5) than those of V. iris (49.8% +/- 14.5). The very low survival rate of L. fasciola may indicate a failure of the flow-through pond environment to meet its habitat requirements or that variable microhabitat conditions within culture containers existed. Growth did not differ significantly between the species (p = 0.13). Survival of V. iris and growth of both species were similar to previous trials to culture juvenile mussels. Survival rates as high as 66.4% at 93 days for V. iris suggest that juveniles of some riverine species can be successfully cultured in a recirculating pond environment. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Mummert, A (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM newcombt@michigan.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PD FEB 9 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 041TJ UT WOS:000237478500001 ER PT J AU Hanlon, SD Neves, RJ AF Hanlon, SD Neves, RJ TI Seasonal growth and mortality of juveniles of Lampsilis fasciola (Bivalvia : Unionidae) released to a fish hatchery raceway SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Lampsilis fasciola; life stage; propagation; overwinter mortality; temperature ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; WINTER MORTALITY; STRIPED BASS; BODY-SIZE; RECRUITMENT; RIVER; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; SURVIVAL; VIRGINIA AB Recent efforts to restore remnant or extirpated populations of freshwater mussels have focused on artificial propagation as an effective and practical conservation strategy. Although artificially cultured juveniles have been produced and released to the wild at various times of the year, no study has investigated the best time of year to release these juveniles. Newly metamorphosed juveniles of the wavyrayed lampmussel (Lampsilis fasciola) were released into a stream-fed fish hatchery raceway during March, June, and September. Growth and survival rates were measured 32, 52, 72, and 92 days post-metamorphosis. Juveniles released in June experienced the greatest growth and survival rates. Juveniles released in September and March experienced high mortality within the first month of release and exhibited poor growth in the cool water conditions typical of those seasons. Overwinter survival exhibited a size-dependent relationship. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SW Virginia Ecol Serv Fiel Off, Abingdon, VA 24210 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hanlon, SD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SW Virginia Ecol Serv Fiel Off, 330 Cummings St, Abingdon, VA 24210 USA. EM shine_hanlon@fws.gov; mussel@vt.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PD FEB 9 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 041TJ UT WOS:000237478500007 ER PT J AU Lysne, S Koetsier, P AF Lysne, Steven Koetsier, Peter TI Experimental studies on habitat preference and tolerances of three species of snails from the Snake River of southern Idaho, USA SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE endangered; habitat preference; invasive species; Valvata; Pyrgulopsis ID FLOW DISTURBANCE; NEW-ZEALAND; STREAM; RESPONSES; COLONIZATION; TAXON AB In laboratory experiments we studied the habitat preferences and physical tolerances of two endangered snails, the Utah valvata (Valvata utahensis) and the Idaho springsnail (Pyrgulopsis idahoensis), and the non-native snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, from the Snake River of southern Idaho, U.S.A., in an attempt to understand habitat use and potential limiting factors in nature. Snails were tested for habitat preference in custom, 1 L aquaria that presented four substrates simultaneously. We tested the snail's tolerance to stream velocity in a laboratory flume capable of delivering water at velocities of approximately 0.15 m/s to 1.0 m/s. We observed tolerance to desiccation and loss of mass in snails by exposing animals to one of three moisture treatments and measuring mass over 50 h. Results show that in laboratory tests individuals of V. utahensis prefer pebble substrate types (x(2) = 20.72, p < 0.0001), individuals of P. idahoensis use sand substrates most often (x(2) = 2.20, p = 0.53) but preference could not be assigned, and individuals of P. antipodarum prefer gravel substrate types (x(2) = 13.58, p = 0.004). Median detachment velocities for snails were significantly different (x((2))(2) = 6.19, p = 0.045) being greatest for P. antipodarum (0.24 m/s) compared to V. utahensis (0.20 m/s) and P. idahoensis (0.17 m/s). Tolerance to desiccation differed between treatments of dry, damp, and wet moisture (F = 80.06, p < 0.0001). Snails lost significant mass in dry treatments after one hour of exposure to desiccating conditions (Dunnett's p > t < 0.0001). Very little is known regarding factors controlling the presence of many western North American snail species. Ours is the first experimental study to address habitat use and potential limiting factors controlling the presence of these federally protected snails. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Boise, ID 83709 USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Lysne, S (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1387 S Vinnell Way,Suite 368, Boise, ID 83709 USA. EM Steve_lysne@fws.gov NR 58 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 EI 2162-2698 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PD FEB 9 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 85 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 041TJ UT WOS:000237478500010 ER PT J AU DeAngelis, DL Holland, JN AF DeAngelis, DL Holland, JN TI Emergence of ratio-dependent and predator-dependent functional responses for pollination mutualism and seed parasitism SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE ratio-dependent functional response; predator-dependent functional response; pollination; seed parasitism; individual-based model; consumer-resource model ID PREY THEORY; MODELS AB Prey (N) dependence [g(N)], predator (P) dependence [g(P) or g(N,P)], and ratio dependence [f(P/N)] are often seen as contrasting forms of the predator's functional response describing predator consumption rates on prey resources in predator-prey and parasitoid-host interactions. Analogously, prey-, predator-, and ratio-dependent functional responses are apparently alternative functional responses for other types of consumer-resource interactions. These include, for example, the fraction of flowers pollinated or seeds parasitized in pollination (pre-dispersal) seed-parasitism mutualisms, such as those between fig wasps and fig trees or yucca moths and yucca plants. Here we examine the appropriate functional responses for how the fraction of flowers pollinated and seeds parasitized vary with the density of pollinators (predator dependence) or the ratio of pollinator and flower densities (ratio dependence). We show that both types of functional responses can emerge from minor, but biologically important variations on a single model. An individual-based model was first used to describe plant-pollinator interactions. Conditional upon on whether the number of flowers visited by the pollinator was limited by factors other than search time (e.g., by the number of eggs it had to lay, if it was also a seed parasite), and on whether the pollinator could directly find flowers on a plant, or had to search, the simulation results lead to either a predator-dependent or a ratio-dependent functional response. An analytic model was then used to show mathematically how these two cases can arise. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 5 PY 2006 VL 191 IS 3-4 BP 551 EP 556 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.06.005 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 007EP UT WOS:000234951600016 ER PT J AU Johnson, JR Grundy, WM Lemmon, MT Bell, JF Johnson, MJ Deen, RG Arvidson, RE Farrand, WH Guinness, EA Hayes, AG Herkenhoff, KE Seelos, F Soderblom, J Squyres, S AF Johnson, JR Grundy, WM Lemmon, MT Bell, JF Johnson, MJ Deen, RG Arvidson, RE Farrand, WH Guinness, EA Hayes, AG Herkenhoff, KE Seelos, F Soderblom, J Squyres, S TI Spectrophotometric properties of materials observed by Pancam on the Mars Exploration Rovers: 1. Spirit SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GUSEV CRATER; PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING PROPERTIES; SURFICIAL DEPOSITS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MARTIAN SURFACE; LANDING SITE; REGOLITH; ROCKS AB Multispectral observations of rocks and soils were acquired under varying illumination and viewing geometries in visible/near-infrared wavelengths by the Panoramic Camera (Pancam) on the Spirit Mars Exploration Rover to provide constraints on the physical and mineralogical nature of geologic materials in Gusev Crater. Data sets were acquired at six sites located near the landing site, in the surrounding plains, and in the West Spur and Husband Hill regions of the Columbia Hills. From these similar to 600 images, over 10,000 regions of interest were selected of rocks and soils over a wide range of phase angles (0-130 degrees). Corrections for diffuse skylight incorporated sky models based on observations of atmospheric opacity throughout the mission. Disparity maps created from Pancam stereo images allowed inclusion of estimates of local facet orientations in the sky models. Single-term and two-term phase functions derived from Hapke scattering models exhibit a dominantly broad backscattering trend for soils and "Red'' rocks inferred to be covered with variable amounts of dust and other coatings, consistent with the results from the Viking Lander and Imager for Mars Pathfinder cameras. Darker "Gray'' rock surfaces ( inferred to be relatively less dust covered) display more narrow, forward scattering behaviors, consistent with particles exhibiting little internal scattering. Gray and Red rocks are macroscopically rougher than most soil units, although a "dust-cleaning'' event observed near the Paso Robles site caused an increase in soil surface roughness in addition to a substantial decrease in surface single scattering albedo. Gray rocks near the rim of Bonneville Crater exhibit the largest macroscopic roughness ((theta) over bar) among all units, as well as the greatest backscattering among Gray rocks. Photometric properties of coated Red rocks vary in the West Spur region, possibly as a result of weathering differences related to elevation-dependent aeolian regimes. C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. RP US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jrjohnson@usgs.gov RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Kinch, Kjartan/C-5742-2015; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Seelos, Frank/C-7875-2016; Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010 OI Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407; Kinch, Kjartan/0000-0002-4629-8880; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X; Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136 NR 65 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB 4 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E2 AR E02S14 DI 10.1029/2005JE002494 PG 39 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 010BK UT WOS:000235158400002 ER PT J AU Palmer, CA Finkelman, RB AF Palmer, CA Finkelman, RB TI Coal geochemistry in the service of archaeology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE coal microscopy; coal geochemistry; trace elements; archaeology; titanic C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Palmer, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cpalmer@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD FEB 3 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2005.06.001 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 011MC UT WOS:000235271400010 ER PT J AU Peters, KE Magoon, LB Bird, KJ Valin, ZC Keller, MA AF Peters, KE Magoon, LB Bird, KJ Valin, ZC Keller, MA TI North Slope, Alaska: Source rock distribution, richness, thermal maturity, and petroleum charge SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TRIASSIC SHUBLIK FORMATION; PRUDHOE BAY; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; HYDROUS PYROLYSIS; GENERATION; OIL; KEROGEN; SYSTEM; CARBON; BASIN AB Four key marine petroleum source rock units were identified, characterized, and mapped in the subsurface to better understand the origin and distribution of petroleum on the North Slope of Alaska. These marine source rocks, from oldest to youngest, include four intervals: (1) Middle-Upper Triassic Shublik Formation, (2) basal condensed section in the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Kingak Shale, (3) Cretaceous pebble shale unit, and (4) Cretaceous Hue Shale. Well logs for more than 60 wells and total organic carbon (TOC) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis analyses for 1183 samples in 125 well penetrations of the source rocks were used to map the present-day thickness of each source rock and the quantity (TO C), quality (hydrogen index), and thermal maturity (T-max) of the organic matter. Based on assumptions related to carbon mass balance and regional distributions of TOC, the present-day source rock quantity and quality maps were used to determine the extent of fractional conversion of the kerogen to petroleum and to map the original TOC (TOCo) and the original hydrogen index (HIo) prior to thermal maturation. The quantity and quality of oil-prone organic matter in Shublik Formation source rock generally exceeded that of the other units prior to thermal maturation (commonly TOCo > 4 wt.% and HIo > 600 mg hydrocarbon/g TOC), although all are likely sources for at least some petroleum on the North Slope. We used Rock-Eval and hydrous pyrolysis methods to calculate expulsion factors and petroleum charge for each of the four source rocks in the study area. Without attempting to identify the correct methods, we conclude that calculations based on Rock-Eval pyrolysis overestimate expulsion factors and petroleum charge because low pressure and rapid removal of thermally cracked products by the carrier gas retards cross-linking and pyrobitumen formation that is otherwise favored by natural burial maturation. Expulsion factors and petroleum charge based on hydrous pyrolysis may also be high compared to nature for a similar reason. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Peters, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 969, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kpeters@usgs.gov; lmagoon@usgs.gov; kbird@usgs.gov; zenon@usgs.gov; mkeller@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 34 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 90 IS 2 BP 261 EP 292 DI 10.1306/09210505095 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 012GE UT WOS:000235325400006 ER PT J AU Reusser, L Bierman, P Pavich, M Larsen, J Finkel, R AF Reusser, L Bierman, P Pavich, M Larsen, J Finkel, R TI An episode of rapid bedrock channel incision during the last glacial cycle, measured with Be-10 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRATH-TERRACE FORMATION; ATLANTIC PASSIVE-MARGIN; SUSQUEHANNA RIVER; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SEA-LEVEL; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; EROSION MODELS; UNITED-STATES; EVOLUTION AB We use Be-10 to infer when, how fast, and why the Susquehanna River incised through bedrock along the U.S. Atlantic seaboard, one of the world's most prominent and ancient passive margins. Although the rate at which large rivers incise rock is a fundamental control on the development of landscapes, relatively few studies have directly measured how quickly such incision occurs either in tectonically active environments or along passive margins. Exposure ages of fluvially carved, bedrock strath. terraces, preserved along the lower Susquehanna River, demonstrate that even along a passive margin, large rivers are capable of incising through rock for short periods of time at rates approaching those recorded in tectonically active regions, such as the Himalayas. Over eighty samples, collected along and between three prominent levels of strath terraces within Holtwood Gorge, indicate that the Susquehanna River incised more than 10 meters into the Appalachian Piedmont during the last glacial cycle. Beginning similar to 36 ka, incision rates increased dramatically, and remained elevated until similar to 14 ka. The northern half of the Susquehanna basin was glaciated during the late Wisconsinan; however, similar rates and timing of incision occurred in the unglaciated Potomac River basin immediately to the south. The concurrence of incision periods on both rivers suggests that glaciation and associated meltwater were not the primary drivers of incision. Instead, it appears that changing climatic conditions during the late Pleistocene promoted an increase in the frequency and magnitude of flood events capable of exceeding thresholds for rock detachment and bedrock erosion, thus enabling a short-lived episode of rapid incision into rock. Although this study has constrained the timing and rate of bedrock incision along the largest river draining the Atlantic passive margin, the dates alone cannot explain fully why, or by what processes, this incision occurred. However, cosmogenic dating offers compelling evidence that episodes of rapid incision into bedrock are tied to glacial cycles and changes in global climate. These results, and the methods we employ, provide valuable insights into the nature of bedrock channel incision, not only along the Susquehanna River and passive margins, but also across a wide range of settings around the globe. Because river incision into bedrock transmits the effects of changing climate and tectonics through fluvial networks to hillslopes, comprehending when, where, and why rivers incise has important implications for the evolution of landscapes. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Reusser, L (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM lreusser@uvm.edu NR 95 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 306 IS 2 BP 69 EP 102 DI 10.2475/ajs.306.2.69 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 048FP UT WOS:000237933300001 ER PT J AU Peterson, RC Hammarstrom, JM Seal, RR AF Peterson, RC Hammarstrom, JM Seal, RR TI Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO4 center dot 7H(2)O, a new mineral of the melanterite group, and cuprian pentahydrite: Their occurrence within mine waste SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE alpersite; pentahydrite; crystal structure; environmental mineralogy; new minerals; XRD data; sulfate mineralogy; chalcanthitc; Rietveld refinement; acid mine waste ID IRON-MOUNTAIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; RICHMOND MINE; NEGATIVE PH; CALIFORNIA; WATER; BONATTITE AB Alpersite, MG(0.58)Cu(0.37)Zn(0.02)Mn(0.01)Fe(0.01)SO(4)(.)7H(2)O, a new mineral species with direct relevance to reactions in mine waste, occurs in a mineralogically zoned assemblage in sheltered areas at the abandoned Big Mike mine in central Nevada at a relative humidity of 65% and T = 4 degrees C. Blue alpersite, which is isostructural with melanterite (FcSO(4)-7H(2)O), is overlain by a light blue to white layer dominated by pickeringite, alunogen, and epsomite. X-ray diffraction data (MoK alpha radiation) from a single crystal of alpersite were refined in P2(1)/c, resulting in wR = 0.05 and cell dimensions a = 14.166(4), b = 6.534(2), c = 10.838(3) angstrom, beta = 105.922(6)degrees Z = 4. Site-occupancy refinement, constrained to be consistent with the compositional data, showed Mg to Occupy the M1 site and Cu the M2 site. The octahedral distortion of M2 is consistent with 72% Cui Occupancy when compared with the site-distortion data of substituted melanterite. Cuprian pentahydrite, with the formula (Mg0.49CU0.41Mn0.08Zn0.02)SO(4)(.)5H(2)O, was collected from an efflorescent rim oil a depression that had held water in a large waste-rock area near Miami, Arizona. After dissolution of the efflorescence in de-ionized water, and evaporation of the supernatant liquid, alpersite precipitated and quickly dehydrated to cuprian pentahydrite. These observations are consistent With previous experimental studies of the system MgSO4-CuSO4-H2O. It is suspected that alpersite. and cuprian pentahydrite arc widespread in mine wastes that contain Cu-bearing Sulfides, but in which solubilized Fe2+ is not available for melanterite crystallization because of oxidation to Fe3+ in surface waters of near-neutral pH. Alpersite has likely been overlooked in the past because of the close similarity of its physical properties to those of melanterite and chalcanthite. Alpersite is named after Charles N. Alpers, geochemist with the United States Geological Survey, who has made significant contributions to our understanding of the mineralogical controls of mine-water geochemistry. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Peterson, RC (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM peterson@geol.queensu.ca NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD FEB-MAR PY 2006 VL 91 IS 2-3 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.2138/am.2006.1911 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 014IB UT WOS:000235472000004 ER PT J AU Lu, WJ Chou, IM Burruss, RC Yang, MZ AF Lu, WJ Chou, IM Burruss, RC Yang, MZ TI In situ study of mass transfer in aqueous solutions under high pressures via Raman spectroscopy: A new method for the determination of diffusion coefficients of methane in water near hydrate formation conditions SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE methane; diffusion coefficient; Raman spectrum; high pressure; methane hydrate ID FLUID INCLUSIONS; DISSOLUTION; SEAWATER; GASES AB A new method was developed for in situ study of the diffusive transfer of methane in aqueous solution under high pressures near hydrate formation conditions within an optical capillary cell. Time-dependent Raman spectra of the solution at several different spots along the one-dimensional diffusion path were collected and thus the varying composition profile of the solution was monitored. Diffusion coefficients were estimated by the least squares method based on the variations in methane concentration data in space and time in the cell. The measured diffusion coefficients of methane in water at the liquid (L)-vapor (V) stable region and L-V metastable region are close to previously reported values determined at lower pressure and similar temperature. This in situ monitoring method was demonstrated to be suitable for the study of mass transfer in aqueous solution under high pressure and at various temperature conditions and will be applied to the study of nucleation and dissolution kinetics of methane hydrate in a hydrate-water system where the interaction of methane and water would be more complicated than that presented here for the L-V metastable condition. C1 China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Organ Geochem, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Guangzhou Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples R China. RP China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM imchou@usgs.gov RI Lu, Wanjun/H-4962-2014 OI Lu, Wanjun/0000-0003-4334-5722 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 25 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0003-7028 EI 1943-3530 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 60 IS 2 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1366/000370206776023278 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 016ZE UT WOS:000235663000003 PM 16542563 ER PT J AU Morris, JM Snyder-Conn, E Foott, JS Holt, RA Suedkamp, MJ Lease, HM Clearwater, SJ Meyer, JS AF Morris, JM Snyder-Conn, E Foott, JS Holt, RA Suedkamp, MJ Lease, HM Clearwater, SJ Meyer, JS TI Survival of lost river suckers (Deltistes luxatus) challenged with Flavobacterium columnare during exposure to sublethal ammonia concentrations at pH 9.5 SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS; ELEVATED PH; TEMPERATURE; ADHESION; STRAINS; FISH AB The Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) is a federally listed, endangered species inhabiting the hypereutrophic waters of Upper Klamath Lake in southern Oregon, USA. High pH (>= 10) and elevated ammonia concentrations (>= 1 mg NH3-N/L) often occur during blooms of cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae) in the lake, with major fish kills sometimes following a mid- or late-summer "crash" of the cyanobacterial population. Previous histopathology analyses and bacterial sampling indicated that infections of the pathogenic bacterium Flavobacterium columnare might contribute to the fish kills. We hypothesized that prior exposure to adverse water quality conditions increases the susceptibility of Lost River suckers to F. columnare infections. To test this, we exposed juvenile Lost River suckers to four sublethal ammonia concentrations at pH 9.4 for 62 d. On day 31, fish in half of the aquaria were exposed to F. columnare. As expected, survival of the Lost River suckers decreased in aquaria inoculated with F. columnare. Ninety-four percent of the fish that died were infected by F. columnare in the gills, kidney, or skin, whereas none of the survivors or unexposed control fish was infected. However, contrary to our hypothesis, survival of the fish exposed to F. columnare increased significantly (p < 0.05) as unionized ammonia concentrations increased. Our results suggest that complex interactions can complicate prediction of the responses of fish to concurrent chemical stressors and bacterial pathogens. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Daphne Field Off, Daphne, AL 36526 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Nevada Fish Hlth Ctr, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Meyer, JS (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM meyerj@uwyo.edu NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 256 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-0194-x PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 006OD UT WOS:000234905900012 PM 16328623 ER PT J AU Heinz, GH Hoffman, DJ Kondrad, SL Erwin, CA AF Heinz, GH Hoffman, DJ Kondrad, SL Erwin, CA TI Factors affecting the toxicity of methylmercury injected into eggs SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL MERCURY; GAVIA-IMMER; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; REPRODUCTION; CHLORIDE; BINDING; BIRDS AB We developed a standardized protocol for comparing the sensitivities of the embryos of different bird species to methylmercury when methylmercury was injected into their eggs. During the course of developing this protocol, we investigated the effects of various factors on the toxicity of the injected methylmercury. Most of our experiments were done with chicken (Gallus domesticus), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), and ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) eggs, all of which were purchased in large numbers from game farms. A smaller amount of work was done with double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs collected from the wild. Several solvents were tested, and corn oil at a rate of 1 mu l/g egg contents was selected for the final standardized protocol because it had minimal toxicity to embryos and because methylmercury dissolved in corn oil yielded a dose-response curve in a range of egg concentrations that was similar to the range that causes reproductive impairment when the mother deposits methylmercury into her own eggs. The embryonic stage at which eggs were injected with corn oil altered mercury toxicity; at early stages, the corn oil itself was toxic. Therefore, in the final protocol we standardized the time of injection to occur when each species reached the morphologic equivalent of a 3-day-old chicken embryo. Although solvents can be injected directly into the albumen of an egg, high embryo mortality can occur in the solvent controls because of the formation of air bubbles in the albumen. Our final protocol used corn oil injections into the air cell, which are easier and safer than albumen injections. Most of the methylmercury, when dissolved in corn oil, injected into the air cell passes through the inner shell membrane and into the egg albumen. Most commercial incubators incubate eggs in trays with the air cell end of the egg pointing upward, but we discovered that mercury-induced mortality was too great when eggs were held in this orientation. In addition, some species of bird eggs require incubation on their sides with the eggs being rolled 180 degrees for them to develop normally. Therefore, we adopted a procedure of incubating the eggs of all species on their sides and rolling them 180 degrees every hour. Little has been published about the conditions of temperature, humidity, and the movements to which eggs of wild birds need to be subjected for them to hatch optimally under artificial incubation. Not unexpectedly, hatching success in an artificial incubator is generally less than what natural incubation by the parents can achieve. However, the survival of control embryos of most wild bird species was good (generally >= 80%) up to within 1 or 2 days of hatching when we incubated the eggs at 37.5 degrees C (or 37.6 degrees C for gallinaceous species) at a relative humidity that resulted in an approximate 15% to 16% loss in egg weight by the end of incubation and by incubating the eggs on their sides and rolling them 180 degrees/h. To improve statistical comparisons, we used survival through 90% of incubation as our measurement to compare survival of controls with survival of eggs injected with graded concentrations of mercury. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Heinz, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC-E,Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gary_heinz@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 264 EP 279 DI 10.1007/s00244-005-1002-y PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 006OD UT WOS:000234905900013 PM 16307214 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Benedict, JB AF Muhs, DR Benedict, JB TI Eolian additions to late Quaternary alpine soils, Indian Peaks Wilderness Area, Colorado Front Range SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENRICHED SURFACE MANTLES; SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; WIND-RIVER RANGE; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE; LABORATORY SIMULATIONS; NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; TUNDRA COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION MAP AB Surface horizons of many alpine soils on Quaternary deposits in high-mountain settings are enriched in silt. The origin of these particles has been debated, particularly in the Rocky Mountain region of North America. The most common explanations are frost shattering of coarser particles and eolian additions from distant sources. We studied soil A horizons on alpine moraines of late-glacial (Satanta Peak) age in the Colorado Front Range. Surface horizons of soils on these moraines are enriched in silt and have a particle size distribution that resembles loess and dust deposits found elsewhere. The compositions of sand and silt fractions of the soils were compared to possible local source rocks, using immobile trace elements Ti, Nb, Zr, Ce, and Y. The sand fractions of soils have a wide range of trace element ratios, similar to the range of values in the local biotite gneiss bedrock. In contrast, silt fractions have narrower ranges of trace element ratios that do not overlap the range of these ratios in biotite gneiss. The particle size and geochemical results support an interpretation that silts in these soils are derived from airborne dust. Eolian silts were most likely derived from distant sources, such as the semiarid North Park and Middle Park basins to the west. We hypothesize that much of the eolian influx to soils of the Front Range occurred during an early to mid-Holocene warm period, when sediment availability in semiarid source basins was at a maximum. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80255 USA. Ctr Mt Archeol, Ward, CO 80481 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80255 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 120 EP 130 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(2006)038[0120:EATLQA]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 013BR UT WOS:000235385100014 ER PT J AU Brown, RH Baines, KH Bellucci, G Buratti, BJ Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Clark, RN Coradini, A Cruikshank, DP Drossart, P Formisano, V Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, DL McCord, TB Mennella, V Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C Baugh, N Griffith, CA Hansen, GB Hibbitts, CA Momary, TW Showalter, MR AF Brown, RH Baines, KH Bellucci, G Buratti, BJ Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Clark, RN Coradini, A Cruikshank, DP Drossart, P Formisano, V Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, DL McCord, TB Mennella, V Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C Baugh, N Griffith, CA Hansen, GB Hibbitts, CA Momary, TW Showalter, MR TI Observations in the Saturn system during approach and orbital insertion, with Cassini's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE infrared : solar system; planets and satellites : general ID PARTICLE EROSION MECHANISMS; PLANETARY RING-SYSTEMS; BALLISTIC TRANSPORT; WATER-ICE; GALILEAN SATELLITES; IRREGULAR STRUCTURE; B-RING; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE; METHANE AB The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer observed Phoebe, Iapetus, Titan and Saturn's rings during Cassini's approach and orbital insertion. Phoebe's surface contains water ice, CO2, and ferrous iron. Iapetus contains CO2 and organic materials. Titan's atmosphere shows methane fluorescence, and night-side atmospheric emission that may be CO2 and CH3D. As determined from cloud motions, the winds at altitude 25-30 km in the south polar region of Titan appear to be moving in a prograde direction at velocity similar to 1 m s(-1). Circular albedo features on Titan's surface, seen at 2.02 mu m, may be palimpsests remaining from the rheological adjustment of ancient impact craters. As such, their long-term persistence is of special interest in view of the expected precipitation of liquids and solids from the atmosphere. Saturn's rings have changed little in their radial structure since the Voyager flybys in the early 1980s. Spectral absorption bands tentatively attributed to Fe2+ suggest that iron-bearing silicates are a source of contamination of the C ring and the Cassini Division. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, Consiglio Nazl Ric, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Ist Astrofis Spaziale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, I-00133 Rome, Italy. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Observ Paris, Dept Rech Spatial, F-92125 Meudon, France. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Paris, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CNRS, Fac Sci, UMR 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44072 Nantes 03, France. RP Brown, RH (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, 1629 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rhb@lpl.arizona.edu RI Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016; OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314 NR 45 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 446 IS 2 BP 707 EP 716 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20053054 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 002ZP UT WOS:000234651700033 ER PT J AU Barger, NN Herrick, JE Van Zee, J Belnap, J AF Barger, NN Herrick, JE Van Zee, J Belnap, J TI Impacts of biological soil crust disturbance and composition on C and N loss from water erosion SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biological soil crust; carbon; Canyonlands National Park; Colorado Plateau; disturbance; erosion; nitrogen; rainfall simulation; runoff ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; SEMIARID WOODLAND; SHRUBLAND HABITATS; CALCAREOUS SOILS; COLORADO PLATEAU; NUTRIENT LOSSES; CRYPTOGAM COVER; NEGEV DESERT; AEOLIAN DUST; SANDY SOILS AB In this study, we conducted rainfall simulation experiments in a cool desert ecosystem to examine the role of biological soil crust disturbance and composition on dissolved and sediment C and N losses. We compared runoff and sediment C and N losses from intact late-successional dark cyanolichen crusts ( intact) to both trampled dark crusts ( trampled) and dark crusts where the top 1 cm of the soil surface was removed ( scraped). In a second experiment, we compared C and N losses in runoff and sediments in early-successional light cyanobacterial crusts ( light) to that of intact late-successional dark cyanolichen crusts ( dark). A relatively high rainfall intensity of approximately 38 mm per 10-min period was used to ensure that at least some runoff was generated from all plots. Losses of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen ( DON), and ammonium (NH4+) were significantly higher from trampled plots as compared to scraped and intact plots. Sediment C and N losses, which made up more than 98% of total nutrient losses in all treatments, were more than 4-fold higher from trampled plots relative to intact plots ( sediment C g/m(2), intact = 0.74, trampled = 3.47; sediment N g/m(2), intact = 0.06, trampled = 0.28). In light crusts, DOC loss was higher relative to dark crusts, but no differences were observed in dissolved N. Higher sediment loss in light crusts relative to dark crusts resulted in 5-fold higher loss of sediment-bound C and N. Total C flux ( sediment + dissolved) was on the order of 0.9 and 7.9 g/m(2) for dark and light crusts, respectively. Sediment N concentration in the first minutes after runoff from light crusts was 3-fold higher than the percent N of the top 1 cm of soil, suggesting that even short-term runoff events may have a high potential for N loss due to the movement of sediments highly enriched in N. Total N loss from dark crusts was an order of magnitude lower than light crusts ( dark = 0.06 g N/m(2), light = 0.63 g/m(2)). Overall, our results from the small plot scale (0.5 m(2)) suggest that C and N losses are much lower from intact late-successional cyanolichen crusts as compared to recently disturbed or early-successional light cyanobacterial crusts. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USGS BRD Canyonlands Field Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Barger, NN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Campus Box 450,1560 30th St RL-I 220, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM nichole.barger@colorado.edu NR 57 TC 67 Z9 79 U1 7 U2 60 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD FEB PY 2006 VL 77 IS 2 BP 247 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s10533-005-1424-7 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 013ZW UT WOS:000235449500006 ER PT J AU Stottlemyer, R Toczydlowski, D AF Stottlemyer, R Toczydlowski, D TI Effect of reduced winter precipitation and increased temperature on watershed solute flux, 1988-2002, Northern Michigan SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DIN; DOC; DON; solute flux; watershed; winter climate ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; FRASER EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; UNITED-STATES; HUBBARD-BROOK; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; HEADWATER STREAMS; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL SOLUTION AB Since 1987 we have studied weekly change in winter (December-April) precipitation, snowpack, snowmelt, soil water, and stream water solute flux in a small (176-ha) Northern Michigan watershed vegetated by 65-85 year-old northern hardwoods. Our primary study objective was to quantify the effect of change in winter temperature and precipitation on watershed hydrology and solute flux. During the study winter runoff was correlated with precipitation, and forest soils beneath the snowpack remained unfrozen. Winter air temperature and soil temperature beneath the snowpack increased while precipitation and snowmelt declined. Atmospheric inputs declined for H+, NO3-, NH4+, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and SO42-. Replicated plot-level results, which could not be directly extrapolated to the watershed scale, showed 90% of atmospheric DIN input was retained in surface shallow (< 15 cm deep) soils while SO42- flux increased 70% and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 30-fold. Most stream water base cation (C-B), HCO3-, and Cl- concentrations declined with increased stream water discharge, K+, NO3-, and SO42- remained unchanged, and DOC and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) increased. Winter stream water solute outputs declined or were unchanged with time except for NO3- and DOC which increased. DOC and DIN outputs were correlated with the percentage of winter runoff and stream discharge that occurred when subsurface flow at the plot-level was shallow (< 25 cm beneath Oi). Study results suggest that the percentage of annual runoff occurring as shallow lateral subsurface flow may be a major factor regulating solute outputs and concentrations in snowmelt-dominated ecosystems. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM robert_stottlemyer@USGS.gov NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD FEB PY 2006 VL 77 IS 3 BP 409 EP 440 DI 10.1007/s10533-005-1810-1 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 016QB UT WOS:000235633900006 ER PT J AU Meretsky, VJ Fischman, RL Karr, JR Ashe, DM Scott, JM Noss, RF Schroeder, RL AF Meretsky, VJ Fischman, RL Karr, JR Ashe, DM Scott, JM Noss, RF Schroeder, RL TI New directions in conservation for the National Wildlife Refuge System SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological integrity; diversity; environmental health; National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act; refuge management ID BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; INDICATORS; ECOSYSTEM; INDEX AB The National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 includes the nations broadest statutory commitment to ecosystem protection: to '' ensure that the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the system are maintained.'' The act also directs the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to expand the scope of conservation monitoring, assessment, and management beyond refuge boundaries to encompass surrounding landscapes. The act thus gives the FWS a leadership role in developing research and management partnerships with other agencies, organizations, and neighboring landowners. Increasing research capacity and scientific expertise, and strengthening institutional resolve to limit activities that impede the attainment of this directive, are challenges for the FWS. Success requires reexamination of existing priorities, refocused training, the acquisition of new funding and technical expertise, and creative application of those new skills to meet the laws broad mandate. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Law, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. Univ Idaho, USGS, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Meretsky, VJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM meretsky@indiana.edu NR 30 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 56 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0135:NDICFT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 013QA UT WOS:000235422800014 ER PT J AU Elias, T Sutton, AJ Oppenheimer, C Horton, KA Garbeil, H Tsanev, V McGonigle, AJS Williams-Jones, G AF Elias, T Sutton, AJ Oppenheimer, C Horton, KA Garbeil, H Tsanev, V McGonigle, AJS Williams-Jones, G TI Comparison of COSPEC and two miniature ultraviolet spectrometer systems for SO(2) measurements using scattered sunlight SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ultraviolet spectroscopy; gas monitoring; SO(2) emissions; Kilauea volcano; COSPEC; DOAS; FLYSPEC ID AIR-POLLUTANTS; ABSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; ATMOSPHERE; VOLCANO; LIGHT AB The correlation spectrometer (COSPEC), the principal tool for remote measurements of volcanic SO(2), is rapidly being replaced by low-cost, miniature, ultraviolet (UV) spectrometers. We compared two of these new systems with a COSPEC by measuring SO(2) column amounts at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. The two systems, one calibrated using in-situ SO(2) cells, and the other using a calibrated laboratory reference spectrum, employ similar spectrometer hardware, but different foreoptics and spectral retrieval algorithms. Accuracy, signal-to-noise, retrieval parameters, and precision were investigated for the two configurations of new miniature spectrometer. Measurements included traverses beneath the plumes from the summit and east rift zone of Kilauea, and testing with calibration cells of known SO(2) concentration. The results obtained from the different methods were consistent with each other, with < 8% difference in estimated SO(2) column amounts up to 800 ppm m. A further comparison between the COSPEC and one of the miniature spectrometer configurations, the 'FLYSPEC', spans an eight month period and showed agreement of measured emission rates to within 10% for SO(2) column amounts up to 1,600 ppm m. The topic of measuring high SO(2) burdens accurately is addressed for the Kilauea measurements. In comparing the foreoptics, retrieval methods, and resultant implications for data quality, we aim to consolidate the various experiences to date, and improve the application and development of miniature spectrometer systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. Univ Hawaii Manoa, HIGP, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Elias, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM telias@usgs.gov RI McGonigle, Andrew/B-5198-2012; Oppenheimer, Clive/G-9881-2013; Williams-Jones, Glyn/A-9807-2008; OI Oppenheimer, Clive/0000-0003-4506-7260; Williams-Jones, Glyn/0000-0001-9862-5444; mcgonigle, andrew/0000-0002-0234-9981 NR 19 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 68 IS 4 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1007/s00445-005-0026-5 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 011DM UT WOS:000235248100001 ER PT J AU Horton, KA Williams-Jones, G Garbeil, H Elias, T Sutton, AJ Mouginis-Mark, P Porter, JN Clegg, S AF Horton, KA Williams-Jones, G Garbeil, H Elias, T Sutton, AJ Mouginis-Mark, P Porter, JN Clegg, S TI Real-time measurement of volcanic SO2 emissions: validation of a new UV correlation spectrometer (FLYSPEC) SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FLYSPEC; volcanic emissions; ultraviolet correlation spectrometer ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; TOTAL FLUX; COLOMBIA AB A miniaturized, lightweight and low-cost UV correlation spectrometer, the FLYSPEC, has been developed as an alternative for the COSPEC, which has long been the mainstay for monitoring volcanic sulfur dioxide fluxes. Field experiments have been conducted with the FLYSPEC at diverse volcanic systems, including Masaya (Nicaragua), Poas (Costa Rica), Stromboli, Etna and Vulcano (Italy), Villarica (Chile) and Kilauea (USA). We present here those validation measurements that were made simultaneously with COSPEC at Kilauea between March 2002 and February 2003. These experiments, with source emission rates that ranged from 95 to 1,560 t d(-1), showed statistically identical results from both instruments. SO2 path-concentrations ranged from 0 to > 1,000 ppm-m with average correlation coefficients greater than r(2)=0.946. The small size and low cost create the opportunity for FLYSPEC to be used in novel deployment modes that have the potential to revolutionize the manner in which volcanic and industrial monitoring is performed. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Horton, KA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 1680 EW Rd,Post 504, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM keith@higp.hawaii.edu RI Williams-Jones, Glyn/A-9807-2008 OI Williams-Jones, Glyn/0000-0001-9862-5444 NR 16 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 68 IS 4 BP 323 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s00445-005-0014-9 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 011DM UT WOS:000235248100002 ER PT J AU Williams-Jones, G Horton, KA Elias, T Garbeil, H Mouginis-Mark, PJ Sutton, AJ Harris, AJL AF Williams-Jones, G Horton, KA Elias, T Garbeil, H Mouginis-Mark, PJ Sutton, AJ Harris, AJL TI Accurately measuring volcanic plume velocity with multiple UV spectrometers SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FLYSPEC; plume velocity; volcanic emissions; ultraviolet correlation spectrometer AB A fundamental problem with all ground-based remotely sensed measurements of volcanic gas flux is the difficulty in accurately measuring the velocity of the gas plume. Since a representative wind speed and direction are used as proxies for the actual plume velocity, there can be considerable uncertainty in reported gas flux values. Here we present a method that uses at least two time-synchronized simultaneously recording UV spectrometers (FLYSPECs) placed a known distance apart. By analyzing the time varying structure of SO2 concentration signals at each instrument, the plume velocity can accurately be determined. Experiments were conducted on Kilauea (USA) and Masaya (Nicaragua) volcanoes in March and August 2003 at plume velocities between 1 and 10 m s(-1)supercript stop. Concurrent ground-based anemometer measurements differed from FLYSPEC-measured plume speeds by up to 320%. This multi-spectrometer method allows for the accurate remote measurement of plume velocity and can therefore greatly improve the precision of volcanic or industrial gas flux measurements. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Williams-Jones, G (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM glynwj@sfu.ca RI Williams-Jones, Glyn/A-9807-2008 OI Williams-Jones, Glyn/0000-0001-9862-5444 NR 15 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 68 IS 4 BP 328 EP 332 DI 10.1007/s00445-005-0013-x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 011DM UT WOS:000235248100003 ER PT J AU Seabaugh, JL Dong, HL Kukkadapu, RK Eberl, DD Morton, JP Kim, J AF Seabaugh, JL Dong, HL Kukkadapu, RK Eberl, DD Morton, JP Kim, J TI Microbial reduction of Fe(III) in the Fithian and Muloorina illites: Contrasting extents and rates of bioreduction SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE CN32; Fithian; illite; microbial Fe(III) reduction; Mossbauer spectroscopy; Muloorina; Shewanella putrefaciens ID HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; STRUCTURAL FE(III); FE(III)-REDUCING BACTERIUM; CLAY-MINERALS; SMECTITE; IRON(III); GOETHITE; PHASE; IRON; BIOTRANSFORMATION AB Shewanella putrejaciens CN32 reduces Fe(III) within two illites which have different properties: the Fithian bulk fraction and the < 0.2 mu m fraction of Muloorina. The Fithian illite contained 4.6% (w/w) total Fe, 81% of which was Fc(III). It was dominated by illite with some jarosite (similar to 32% of the total Fe(III)) and goethite (11% of the total Fe(III)). The Muloorina illite was pure and contained 9.2% Fe, 93% of which was Fe(III). Illite suspensions were buffered at pH 7 and were inoculated with CN32 cells with lactate as the electron donor. Select treatments included anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) as ail electron shuttle. Bioproduction of Fe(II) was determined by ferrozine analysis. The unreduced and bioreduced solids were characterized by Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The extent of Fe(III) reduction in the bulk Fithian illite was enhanced by the presence of AQDS (73%) with complete reduction of jarosite and goethite and partial reduction of illite. Mossbauer spectroscopy and chemical extraction determined that 21-25% of illite-associated Fc(III) was bioreduced. The extent of bioreduction was less in the absence of AQDS (63%) and only jarosite was completely reduced with partial reduction of goethite and illite. The XRD and TEM data revealed no significant illite dissolution or biogenic minerals, suggesting that illite was reduced in the solid state and biogenic Fe(II) from jarosite and goethite was either released to aqueous Solution or adsorbed onto residual solid surfaces. In contrast, only 1% of the structural Fe(III) in Muloorina illite was bioreduced. The difference in the extent and rate of bioreduction between the two illites was probably due to the difference in layer charge and the total structural Fe content between the Fithian illite (0.56 per formula) and Muloorma illite (0.87). There may be other factors contributing to the observed differences, such as expandability, surface area and the arrangements of Fe in the octahedral sheets. The results of this study have important implications for predicting microbe-induced physical and chemical changes of clay minerals in soils and sediments. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Dong, HL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM dongh@muohio.edu NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2006.0540109 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 021XL UT WOS:000236019100009 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM Walker, HA AF Cronin, T. M. Walker, H. A. TI Restoring coastal ecosystems and abrupt climate change SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material ID OF-MEXICO HYPOXIA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; UNITED-STATES; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WATER-BALANCE; FLORIDA BAY; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; OSCILLATION C1 926A US Geol Survey Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), 926A US Geol Survey Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD FEB PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1007/s10584-005-9029-7 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 056RV UT WOS:000238543700001 ER PT J AU Kristan, WB Scott, JM AF Kristan, WB Scott, JM TI Hierarchical models for avian ecologists SO CONDOR LA English DT Editorial Material ID LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; BREEDING BIRDS; RANGE C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Kristan, WB (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. EM wkristan@csusm.edu NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0001:HMFAE]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 011DL UT WOS:000235248000001 ER PT J AU Link, WA Sauer, JR Niven, DK AF Link, WA Sauer, JR Niven, DK TI A hierarchical model for regional analysis of population change using Christmas Bird Count data, with application to the American Black Duck SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Anas rubripes; Bayesian; Christmas Bird Count; count data; hierarchical models; Markov chain Monte Carlo AB Analysis of Christmas Bird Count (CBC) data is complicated by the need to account for variation in effort on counts and to provide summaries over large geographic regions. We describe a hierarchical model for analysis of population change using CBC data that addresses these needs. The effect of effort is modeled parametrically, with parameter values varying among strata as identically distributed random effects. Year and site effects are modeled hierarchically, accommodating large regional variation in number of samples and precision of estimates. The resulting model is complex, but a Bayesian analysis can be conducted using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. We analyze CBC data for American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes), a species of considerable management interest that has historically been monitored using winter surveys. Over the interval 19662003, Black Duck populations showed distinct regional patterns of population change. The patterns shown by CBC data are similar to those shown by the Midwinter Waterfowl Inventory for the United States. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Natl Audubon Soc, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Link, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM wlink@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 20 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0013:AHMFRA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 011DL UT WOS:000235248000003 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE Knutson, MG Sauer, JR AF Thogmartin, WE Knutson, MG Sauer, JR TI Predicting regional abundance of rare grassland birds with a hierarchical spatial count model SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE abundance; Bobolink; Grasshopper Sparrow; Henslow's Sparrow; hierarchical model; Sedge Wren; Upland Sandpiper ID BREEDING BIRDS; HETEROSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; CONSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; CERULEAN WARBLERS; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT-AREA; COMMUNITIES; CONSERVATION; SCALE; IOWA AB Grassland birds are among the most imperiled groups of birds in North America. Unfortunately, little is known about the location of regional concentrations of these birds, thus regional or statewide conservation efforts may be inappropriately applied, reducing their effectiveness. We identified environmental covariates associated with the abundance of five grassland birds in the upper midwestern United States (Bobolink [Dolichonyx oryzivorus], Grasshopper Sparrow [Ammodramus savannarum?], Henslow's Sparrow [A. henslowii], Sedge Wren [Cistothorus platensis], and Upland Sandpiper [Bartramia longicauda]) with a hierarchical spatial count model fitted with Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are well suited to this task because they are able to incorporate effects associated with autocorrelated counts and nuisance effects associated with years and observers, and the resulting models can be used to map predicted abundance at a landscape scale. Environmental covariates were derived from five suites of variables: landscape composition, landscape configuration, terrain heterogeneity and physiognomy, climate, and human influence. The final models largely conformed to our a priori expectations. Bobolinks and Henslow's Sparrows were strongly sensitive to grassland patch area. All of the species except Henslow's Sparrows exhibited substantial negative relations with forest composition, often at multiple spatial scales. Climate was found to be important for all species, and was the most important factor influencing abundance of Grasshopper Sparrows. After mapping predicted abundance, we found no obvious correspondence in the regional patterns of the five species. Thus, no clearly defined areas exist within the upper midwestern United States where management plans can be developed for a whole suite of grassland birds. Instead, a larger, region-wide initiative setting different goals for different species is recommended. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 83 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 27 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 25 EP 46 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0025:PRAORG]2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 011DL UT WOS:000235248000004 ER PT J AU Lawler, JJ Edwards, TC AF Lawler, JJ Edwards, TC TI A variance-decomposition approach to investigating multiscale habitat associations SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE habitat selection; logistic regression; multicollinearity; nest site; scale statistical analysis; variance decomposition ID CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; SPECIES-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS; HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS; SITE SELECTION; WOODLANDS; SCALE; USA AB The recognition of the importance of spatial scale in ecology has led many researchers to take multiscale approaches to studying habitat associations. However, few of the studies that investigate habitat associations at multiple spatial scales have considered the potential effects of cross-scale correlations in measured habitat variables. When cross-scale correlations in such studies are strong, conclusions drawn about the relative strength of habitat associations at different spatial scales may be inaccurate. Here we adapt and demonstrate an analytical technique based on variance decomposition for quantifying the influence of cross-scale correlations on multiscale habitat associations. We used the technique to quantify the variation in nest-site locations of Red-naped Sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus nuchalis) and Northern Flickers (Coloptes auratus) associated with habitat descriptors at three spatial scales. We demonstrate how the method can be used to identify components of variation that are associated only with factors at a single spatial scale as well as shared components of variation that represent cross-scale correlations. Despite the fact that no explanatory variables in our models were highly correlated (r < 0.60), we found that shared components of variation reflecting cross-scale correlations accounted for roughly half of the deviance explained by the models. These results highlight the importance of both conducting habitat analyses at multiple spatial scales and of quantifying the effects of cross-scale correlations in such analyses. Given the limits of conventional analytical techniques, we recommend alternative methods, such as the variance-decomposition technique demonstrated here, for analyzing habitat associations at multiple spatial scales. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lawler.joshua@epa.gov NR 38 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 16 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0047:AVATIM]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 011DL UT WOS:000235248000005 ER PT J AU Miller, MW AF Miller, MW TI Apparent effects of light pollution on singing behavior of American robins SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE American Robin; light pollution; morning chorus; song; Turdus migratorius ID SONG AB Astronomers consider light pollution to be a growing problem, however few studies have addressed potential effects of light pollution on wildlife. Sunlight is believed to initiate song in many bird species. If light initiates song, then light pollution may be influencing avian song behavior at a population level. This hypothesis predicts that birds breeding in areas with large amounts of artificial light will begin singing earlier in the day than birds in areas with little artificial light. Birds in highly illuminated areas might begin singing earlier than did birds in those same areas in previous years when artificial light levels were known to be, or were presumably, lower. Also, birds should begin singing earlier within a site on brightly lit nights. In 2002 and 2003 1 documented initiation of morning song by breeding American Robins (Turdus migratorius) in areas with differing intensity of artificial nocturnal light. I compared my observations among sites and against historical studies. Robin populations in areas with large amounts of artificial light frequently began their morning chorus during true night. Chorus initiation time, relative to civil twilight, was positively correlated with amount of artificial light present during true night. Robin choruses in areas with little, or presumably little, artificial light have almost never begun during true night, instead appearing to track the onset of civil twilight. Proliferation of artificial nocturnal light may be strongly affecting singing behavior of American Robins at a population level. C1 Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, USGS Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Miller, MW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, USGS Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM mmiller@usgs.gov RI Miller, Mark/F-6284-2015 OI Miller, Mark/0000-0003-4211-1393 NR 29 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 14 U2 185 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0130:AEOLPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 011DL UT WOS:000235248000012 ER PT J AU Wood, PB Bosworth, SB Dettmers, R AF Wood, PB Bosworth, SB Dettmers, R TI Cerulean warbler abundance and occurrence relative to large-scale edge and habitat characteristics SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Cerulean Warbler; Dendroica cerulea; edge effects; fragmentation; mountaintop mining; occurrence ID DENDROICA-CERULEA; FOREST BIRDS; CLEAR-CUT; LANDSCAPE; ONTARIO; DENSITY; SUCCESS AB We examined Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) abundance and occurrence in southwestern West Virginia, where the coal-mining technique of mountaintop removal mining-valley fill converts large contiguous tracts of deciduous forest to forest patches surrounded by early successional habitats. Our study objectives were to quantify abundance and occurrence of Cerulean Warblers relative to (1) distance from the edge of extensive reclaimed grasslands and (2) habitat structure and landscape characteristics. Cerulean Warbler abundance increased with distance from the edge and edge effects extended 340 m into the forest. Percent occurrence did not vary with distance from mine edge, suggesting a degree of tolerance to the extensive edge occurring at the interface of forest and reclaimed lands. Abundance and occurrence were greater on ridges and midslopes than in bottomlands; consequently, disturbances such as mountaintop mining in which ridges are removed may have a greater impact on populations compared to other sources of fragmentation where ridges are not disturbed. Models based on the information-theoretic approach indicated that Cerulean Warblers were more likely to be present in productive sites on northwest to southeast facing slopes, upper slope positions (midslope to ridgetop), and forests with low sapling density. Cerulean Warbler abundance was positively associated with more productive sites, higher snag density, large blocks of mature deciduous forest, and low amounts of edge in the landscape. In addition to outright loss of forested habitat, mountaintop mining-valley fill alters the spatial configuration of forested habitats, creating edge and area effects that negatively affect Cerulean Warbler abundance and occurrence in the reclaimed mine landscape. C1 W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. RP Wood, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM pbwood@wvu.edu RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 26 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 154 EP 165 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 011DL UT WOS:000235248000014 ER PT J AU Miller, MR Eadie, JM AF Miller, MR Eadie, JM TI The allometric relationship between resting metabolic rate and body mass in wild waterfowl (Anatidae) and an application to estimation of winter habitat requirements SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE allometry; Anatidae; bioenergetics models; body mass; habitat requirements; resting metabolism; waterfowl ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; BASAL RATE; HEART RATE; BIRDS; ENERGETICS; WEIGHT; DUCKS; TEMPERATURE AB We examined the allometric relationship between resting metabolic rate (RMR; kJ day(-1)) and body mass (kg) in wild waterfowl (Anatidae) by regressing RMR on body mass using species means from data obtained from published literature (18 sources, 54 measurements, 24 species; all data from captive birds). There was no significant difference among measurements from the rest (night; n = 37), active (day; n = 14), and unspecified (n = 3) phases of the daily cycle (P > 0.10), and we pooled these measurements for analysis. The resulting power function (aMass(b)) for all waterfowl (swans, geese, and ducks) had an exponent (b; slope of the regression) of 0.74, indistinguishable from that determined with commonly used general equations for nonpasserine birds (0.72-0.73). In contrast, the mass proportionality coefficient (b; y-intercept at mass - 1 kg) of 422 exceeded that obtained from the nonpasserine equations by 29%-37%. Analyses using independent contrasts correcting for phylogeny did not substantially alter the equation. Our results suggest the waterfowl equation provides a more appropriate estimate of RMR for bioenergetics analyses of waterfowl than do the general nonpasserine equations. When adjusted with a multiple to account for energy costs of free living, the waterfowl equation better estimates daily energy expenditure. Using this equation, we estimated that the extent of wetland habitat required to support wintering waterfowl populations could be 37/-50% higher than previously predicted using general nonpasserine equations. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Miller, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM michael_r_miller@usgs.gov RI Eadie, John/E-4820-2011 NR 65 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 18 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 166 EP 177 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0166:TARBRM]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 011DL UT WOS:000235248000015 ER PT J AU Hartke, KM Grand, JB Hepp, GR Folk, TH AF Hartke, KM Grand, JB Hepp, GR Folk, TH TI Sources of variation in survival of breeding female wood ducks SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Aix sponsa; breeding status; female survival; heterogeneity; mortality risk; reproductive effort; Wood Duck ID IMPLANTED RADIO TRANSMITTERS; UNSHARED PARENTAL INVESTMENT; INCUBATION BEHAVIOR; BROOD SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; COMMON GOLDENEYES; SUMMER SURVIVAL; DABBLING DUCKS; NEST DEFENSE; RISK-TAKING AB In waterfowl, reproduction is physiologically demanding and females are exposed to varying risks of mortality at different periods of the breeding cycle. Moreover, differences among females may influence survival within breeding periods. We captured and fitted female Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) with radio-transmitters before nest initiation during two breeding seasons to estimate survival and investigate sources of variation in survival. We partitioned the breeding season into three periods (preincubation, incubation, postnesting) according to breeding status of individual females, and used information-theoretic methods to compare models in which daily survival varied among periods, between successful and failed nesting females, and with parameters describing individual heterogeneity. Our analysis suggested that daily survival was best modeled as a function of breeding period, differences between successful and failed nesting females during postnesting, and early incubation body condition of successful females during postnesting. Model-averaged daily survival was 0.9988 (95% CL: 0.9963-0.9996) during preincubation and 1.0 during incubation. Postnesting daily survival was 1.0 for failed nesting females and 0.9948 (0.9773-0.9988) for successful females, suggesting a trade-off between current reproduction and survival. Female age, body condition at capture, nest initiation date, and brood size generally were not useful for explaining variation in survival. Only early incubation body condition was important for modeling survival of successful females during postnesting; however, weight of evidence was limited and the effect on survival was weak. Mortality was greatest for females during preincubation and for females that nested successfully. Results support the hypothesis that brood care is costly for females. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Hartke, KM (reprint author), Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, 1620 FM 2218, Richardson, TX 77469 USA. EM kevin.hartke@tpwd.state.tx.us NR 63 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 19 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0201:SOVISO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 011DL UT WOS:000235248000018 ER PT J AU Twedt, DJ Uihlein, WB Elliott, AB AF Twedt, DJ Uihlein, WB Elliott, AB TI A spatially explicit decision support model for restoration of forest bird habitat SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE afforestation; bird conservation; bottomland hardwood forests; conservation planning; landscape planning; reforestation ID FRAGMENTATION; SUCCESS; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPES; PREDATION; PATTERNS; WILDLIFE AB The historical area of bottomland hardwood forest in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley has been reduced by > 75%. Agricultural production was the primary motivator for deforestation; hence, clearing deliberately targeted higher and drier sites. Remaining forests are highly fragmented and hydrologically altered, with larger forest fragments subject to greater inundation, which has negatively affected many forest bird populations. We developed a spatially explicit decision support model, based on a Partners in Flight plan for forest bird conservation, that prioritizes forest restoration to reduce forest fragmentation and increase the area of forest core (interior forest > 1 km from "hostile" edge). Our primary objective was to increase the number of forest patches that harbor > 2000 ha of forest core, but we also sought to increase the number and area of forest cores 5000 ha. Concurrently, we targeted restoration within local (320 km(2)) landscapes to achieve >= 60% forest cover. Finally, we emphasized restoration of higher-elevation bottomland hardwood forests in areas where restoration would not increase forest fragmentation. Reforestation of 10% of restorable land in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (approximately 880,000 ha) targeted at priorities established by this decision support model resulted in approximately 824,000 ha of new forest core. This is more than 32 times the amount of core forest added through reforestation of randomly located fields (approximately 25,000 ha). The total area of forest core (1.6 million ha) that resulted from targeted restoration exceeded habitat objectives identified in the Partners in Flight Bird Conservation Plan and approached the area of forest core present in the 1950s. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Mississippi Valley Joint Venture Off, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 2524 S Frontage Rd,Suite C, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM dan_twedt@usgs.gov OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 100 EP 110 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00303.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 012UT UT WOS:000235367100011 PM 16909663 ER PT J AU Paquin, MM Wylie, GD Routman, EJ AF Paquin, MM Wylie, GD Routman, EJ TI Population structure of the giant garter snake, Thamnophis gigas SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE gene flow; management unit; microsatellite; mtDNA; Thamnophis gigas ID GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CONSERVATION; NUCLEAR; LOCI; PERSPECTIVE; DIVERGENCE; CALIFORNIA; SEQUENCE; COMPLEX; MARKERS AB The giant garter snake, Thamnophis gigas, is a threatened species endemic to California's Central Valley. We tested the hypothesis that current watershed boundaries have caused genetic differentiation among populations of T. gigas. We sampled 14 populations throughout the current geographic range of T. gigas and amplified 859 bp from the mitochondrial gene ND4 and one nuclear microsatellite locus. DNA sequence variation from the mitochondrial gene indicates there is some genetic structuring of the populations, with high F-ST values and unique haplotypes occurring at high frequency in several populations. We found that clustering populations by watershed boundary results in significant between-region genetic variance for mtDNA. However, analysis of allele frequencies at the microsatellite locus NSU3 reveals very low F-ST values and little between-region variation in allele frequencies. The discordance found between mitochondrial and microsatellite data may be explained by aspects of molecular evolution and/or T. gigas life history characteristics. Differences in effective population size between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, or male-biased gene flow, result in a lower migration rate of mitochondrial haplotypes relative to nuclear alleles. However, we cannot exclude homoplasy as one explanation for homogeneity found for the single microsatellite locus. The mitochondrial nucleotide sequence data supports conservation practices that identify separate management units for T. gigas. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Routman, EJ (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM routman@sfsu.edu NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s10592-005-7439-8 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 015SR UT WOS:000235571700003 ER PT J AU Morrison, CL Lemarie, DP Wood, RM King, TL AF Morrison, CL Lemarie, DP Wood, RM King, TL TI Phylogeographic analyses suggest multiple lineages of Crystallaria asprella (Percidae : Etheostominae) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE crystal darter; mitochondrial control region; nuclear S7 intron; phylogeography ID INTRASPECIFIC PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CENTRAL HIGHLANDS; DARTERS PISCES; SEQUENCE DATA; NUCLEAR; FISHES; HISTORY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; SPECIATION AB The crystal darter, Crystallaria asprella, exists in geographically isolated populations that may be glacial relicts from its former, wide distribution in the Eastern U.S. An initial phylogeographic survey of C. asprella based upon the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene indicated that there were at least four distinct populations within the species: Ohio River basin, Upper Mississippi River, Gulf coast, and lower Mississippi River. In particular, the most divergent population was the most recently discovered, from the Elk River, WV, in the Ohio River basin, and it was postulated that this population represents an undescribed, potentially threatened species. However, differentiation observed at a single gene region is generally not considered sufficient evidence to establish taxonomic status. In the present study, nucleotide variation at the mitochondrial control region and a nuclear S7 ribosomal gene intron were compared to provide independent verification of phylogeographic results between individuals collected from the same five disjunct populations previously surveyed. Variation between populations at the control region was substantial (except between Gulf drainages) and was concordant with patterns of sequence divergence from cyt b. Only the Elk River population was resolved as monophyletic based upon nuclear S7, but significant differences based upon Phi(ST) statistics were observed between most populations. Morphometric data were consistent with molecular data regarding the distinctiveness of the Elk River population. It is proposed that populations of C. asprella consist of at least four distinct population segments, and that the Elk River group likely constitutes a distinct species. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Conservat Training Ctr, Shepherdstown, WV USA. St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM TLKing@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 129 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s10592-005-5681-8 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 015SR UT WOS:000235571700011 ER PT J AU Nichols, DJ AF Nichols, DJ TI Geology and paleontology of East Asia I - Foreword SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nichols, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 939,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM nichols@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6671 J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.cretres.2005.10.001 PG 2 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 028AY UT WOS:000236458900001 ER PT J AU Chelgren, ND Rosenberg, DK Heppell, SS Gitelman, AI AF Chelgren, ND Rosenberg, DK Heppell, SS Gitelman, AI TI Carryover aquatic effects on survival of metamorphic frogs during pond emigration SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; body size; delayed effects; emigration; individual variation; movement; post-metamorphosis; Rana aurora aurora; survival ID RED-LEGGED FROGS; AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLES; RANA-SYLVATICA; CHASMAGNATHUS-GRANULATA; INTRODUCED BULLFROGS; AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; BUFO-TERRESTRIS AB In organisms with complex life cycles, physiological stressors during early life stages may have fitness-level impacts that are delayed into later stages or habitats. We tested the hypothesis that body size and date of metamorphosis, which are highly responsive to aquatic stressors, influence post-metamorphic survival and movement patterns in the terrestrial phase of an ephemeral pond-breeding frog by examining these traits in two populations of northern red-legged frogs (Rana aurora aurora). To increase variation of body size at metamorphosis, we manipulated food availability for 314 of 1045 uniquely marked tadpoles and estimated the probability that frogs survived and emigrated using concentric rings of drift fencing surrounding ponds and Bayesian capture-recapture modeling. The odds of surviving and emigrating from the ponds to the innermost drift fences, similar to 12 m, increased by factors of 2.20 (95% credibility intervals 1.39-4.23) and 2.54 (0.94-4.91) with each millimeter increase in snout-vent length and decreased by factors of 0.91 (0.85-0.96) and 0.89 (0.80-1.00) with each day's delay in metamorphosis for the two ponds. The odds of surviving and moving to the next ring of fencing, 12 m to similar to 40 m from the ponds, increased by a factor of 1.20 (0.45-4.06) with each millimeter increase in size. Our results demonstrated that body size and timing of metamorphosis relate strongly to the performance of newly metamorphosed frogs during their initial transition into terrestrial habitat. Carryover effects of aquatic stressors that reduce size and delay metamorphosis may have population-level impacts that are not expressed until terrestrial stages. Since changes in both aquatic and terrestrial systems are implicated in many amphibian declines, quantifying both immediate and delayed effects of stressors on demographic rates is critical to sound management. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Chelgren, ND (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Wa, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nathan_chelgren@usgs.gov NR 96 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 6 U2 37 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 250 EP 261 DI 10.1890/04-0329 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028SW UT WOS:000236510100023 PM 16705977 ER PT J AU Gude, JA Garrott, RA Borkowski, JJ King, F AF Gude, JA Garrott, RA Borkowski, JJ King, F TI Prey risk allocation in a grazing ecosystem SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE behavioral interactions; elk; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; indirect effects; model selection; predator-prey; risk allocation; trait-mediated indirect interactions; trophic cascade; wolf ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; MEDIATED INDIRECT INTERACTIONS; TROPHIC CASCADES; PREDATION RISK; TEMPORAL VARIATION; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; ELK; WOLVES; HYPOTHESIS AB Understanding the behaviorally mediated indirect effects of predators in ecosystems requires knowledge of predator-prey behavioral interactions. In predator-ungulate-plant systems, empirical research quantifying how predators affect ungulate group sizes and distribution, in the context of other influential variables, is particularly needed. The risk allocation hypothesis proposes that prey behavioral responses to predation risk depend on background frequencies of exposure to risk, and it can be used to make predictions about predator-ungulate-plant interactions. We determined non-predation variables that affect elk (Cervus elaphus) group sizes and distribution on a winter range in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) using logistic and log-linear regression on surveys of 513 1-km(2) areas conducted over two years. Employing model selection techniques, we evaluated risk allocation and other a priori hypotheses of elk group size and distributional responses to wolf (Canis lupus) predation risk while accounting for influential non-wolf-predation variables. We found little evidence that wolves affect elk group sizes, which were strongly influenced by habitat type and hunting by humans. Following predictions from the risk allocation hypothesis, wolves likely created a more dynamic elk distribution in areas that they frequently hunted, as elk tended to move following wolf encounters in those areas. This response should dilute elk foraging pressure on plant communities in areas where they are frequently hunted by wolves. We predict that this should decrease the spatial heterogeneity of elk impacts on grasslands in areas that wolves frequently hunt. We also predict that this should decrease browsing pressure on heavily browsed woody plant stands in certain areas, which is supported by recent research in the GYE. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Gude, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Peninsula & Beacharof Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 277, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA. EM justin_gude@fws.gov NR 63 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 9 U2 52 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 285 EP 298 DI 10.1890/04-0623 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028SW UT WOS:000236510100026 PM 16705980 ER PT J AU Arnold, JM Brault, S Croxall, JP AF Arnold, JM Brault, S Croxall, JP TI Albatross populations in peril: A population trajectory for black-browed albatrosses at South Georgia SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE albatross; black-browed albatross; bycatch; Diomedea melanophris; endangered species; IUCN Red List; longline fishing; LTRE; Patagonian toothfish; population model; South Georgia; viability analysis ID DIOMEDEA-MELANOPHRIS; LONGLINE FISHERY; FALKLAND-ISLANDS; HEADED ALBATROSSES; SEABIRD MORTALITY; ANTARCTIC KRILL; BIRD ISLAND; OCEAN; TRAWLERS; CONSERVATION AB Simulation modeling was used to reconstruct Black-browed Albatross (Diomedea melanophris) population trends. Close approximations to observed data were accomplished by annually varying survival rates, reproductive success, and probabilities of returning to breed given success in previous years. The temporal shift in annual values coincided with the start of longline fishing at South Georgia and potential changes in krill abundance. We used 23 years of demographic data from long-term studies of a breeding colony of this species at Bird Island, South Georgia, to validate our model. When we used annual parameter estimates for survival; reproductive success, and probabilities of returning to breed given success in previous years, our model trajectory closely followed the observed changes in breeding population size over time. Population growth rate was below replacement (lambda < 1) in most years and was most sensitive to changes in adult survival. This supports the recent IUCN uplisting of this species from "Vulnerable" to "Endangered." Comparison of pre-1988 and post-1988 demography (before and after the inception of a longline fishery in the breeding area) reveals a decrease in lambda from 0.963 to 0.910. A life table response experiment (LTRE) showed that this decline in lambda was caused mostly by declines in survival of adults. If 1988-1998 demographic rates are maintained, the model predicts a 98% chance of a population of fewer than 25 pairs within 78 years. For this population to recover to a status under which it could be "delisted," a 10% increase in survival of all age classes would be needed. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Arnold, JM (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jmarnold@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 419 EP 432 DI 10.1890/03-5340 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028SW UT WOS:000236510100036 PM 16705990 ER PT J AU Maron, JL Estes, JA Croll, DA Danner, EM Elmendorf, SC Buckelew, SL AF Maron, JL Estes, JA Croll, DA Danner, EM Elmendorf, SC Buckelew, SL TI An introduced predator alters Aleutian Island plant communities by thwarting nutrient subsidies SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE Aleutian Islands; fertilization experiments; food web subsidy; indirect effects; introduced foxes; trophic cascade ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; COMPLEX TERRESTRIAL COMMUNITY; FOOD-WEB COMPLEXITY; TROPHIC CASCADES; TOP-DOWN; BOTTOM-UP; SEA OTTERS; MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS; ALLOCHTHONOUS INPUT; SPECIES COMPOSITION AB The ramifying effects of top predators on food webs traditionally have been studied within the framework of trophic cascades. Trophic cascades are compelling because they embody powerful indirect effects of predators on primary production. Although less studied, indirect effects of predators may occur via routes that are not exclusively trophic. We quantified how the introduction of foxes onto the Aleutian Islands transformed plant communities by reducing abundant seabird populations, thereby disrupting nutrient subsidies vectored by seabirds from sea to land. We compared soil and plant fertility, plant biomass and community composition, and stable isotopes of nitrogen in soil, plants, and other organisms on nine fox-infested and nine historically fox-free islands across the Aleutians. Additionally, we experimentally augmented nutrients on a fox-infested island to test whether differences in plant productivity and composition between fox-infested and fox-free islands could have arisen from differences in nutrient inputs between island types. Islands with historical fox infestations had soils low in phosphorus and nitrogen and plants low in tissue nitrogen. Soils, plants, slugs, flies, spiders, and bird droppings on these islands had low delta N-15 values indicating that these organisms obtained nitrogen from internally derived sources. In contrast, soils, plants, and higher trophic level organisms on fox-free islands had elevated delta N-15 signatures indicating that they utilized nutrients derived from the marine environment. Furthermore, soil phosphorus (but not nitrogen) and plant tissue nitrogen were higher on fox-free than fox-infested islands. Nutrient subsidized fox-free islands supported lush, high biomass plant communities dominated by graminoids. Fox-infested islands were less graminoid dominated and had higher cover and biomass of low-lying forbs and dwarf shrubs. While delta N-15 profiles of soils and plants and graminoid biomass varied with island size and distance from shore, after accounting for these effects differences between fox-infested and fox-free islands still existed. Fertilization over four years caused a 24-fold increase in graminoid biomass and a shift toward a more graminoid dominated plant community typical of fox-free islands. These results indicate that apex predators can influence plant productivity and composition through complex interaction web pathways involving both top-down forcing and bottom-up nutrient exchanges across systems. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Maron, JL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM john.maron@mso.umt.edu NR 121 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 8 U2 84 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 76 IS 1 BP 3 EP 24 DI 10.1890/05-0496 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 029KV UT WOS:000236562100002 ER PT J AU Harrison, S Safford, HD Grace, JB Viers, JH Davies, KF AF Harrison, S Safford, HD Grace, JB Viers, JH Davies, KF TI Regional and local species richness in an insular environment: Serpentine plants in California SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE disturbance; geologic age; local richness; plant diversity; productivity-diversity; regional richness; serpentine; spatial habitat structure; species-area; species-energy; structural equation modeling ID HABITAT PATCHINESS; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; ENDEMIC PLANT; PATH-ANALYSIS; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; SCALE; METACOMMUNITIES; CONSEQUENCES; EVOLUTIONARY AB We asked how the richness of the specialized (endemic) flora of serpentine rock outcrops in California varies at both the regional and local scales. Our study had two goals: first, to test whether endemic richness is affected by spatial habitat structure (e.g., regional serpentine area, local serpentine outcrop area, regional and local measures of outcrop isolation), and second, to conduct this test in the context of a broader assessment of environmental influences. (e.g., climate, soils, vegetation, disturbance) and historical influences (e.g., geologic age, geographic province) on local and regional species richness. We measured endemic and total richness and environmental variables in 109 serpentine sites (1000-m(2) paired plots) in 78 serpentine-containing regions of the state. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to simultaneously relate regional richness to regional-scale predictors, and local richness to both local-scale and regional-scale predictors. Our model for serpentine endemics explained 66% of the variation in local endemic richness based on local environment (vegetation, soils, rock cover) and on regional endemic richness. It explained 73% of the variation in regional endemic richness based on regional environment (climate and productivity), historical factors (geologic age and geographic province), and spatial structure (regional total area of serpentine, the only significant spatial variable in our analysis). We did not find a strong influence of spatial structure on species richness. However, we were able to distinguish local vs. regional influences on species richness to a novel extent, despite the existence of correlations between local and regional conditions. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Reg, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Harrison, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM spharrison@ucdavis.edu OI /0000-0001-7957-7942 NR 87 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 55 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 76 IS 1 BP 41 EP 56 DI 10.1890/05-0910 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 029KV UT WOS:000236562100004 ER PT J AU Groffman, P Baron, J Blett, T Gold, A Goodman, I Gunderson, L Levinson, B Palmer, M Paerl, H Peterson, G Poff, N Rejeski, D Reynolds, J Turner, M Weathers, K Wiens, J AF Groffman, P Baron, J Blett, T Gold, A Goodman, I Gunderson, L Levinson, B Palmer, M Paerl, H Peterson, G Poff, N Rejeski, D Reynolds, J Turner, M Weathers, K Wiens, J TI Ecological thresholds: The key to successful environmental management or an important concept with no practical application? SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE thresholds; multiple stable states; critical loads; panarchy; ecological surprises; ecological modeling ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; STABLE STATES; ECOSYSTEM SCIENCE; ARID ECOSYSTEM; REGIME SHIFTS; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE; RESILIENCE; SYSTEMS AB An ecological threshold is the point at which there is an abrupt change in an ecosystem quality, property or phenomenon, or where small changes in an environmental driver produce large responses in the ecosystem. Analysis of thresholds is complicated by nonlinear dynamics and by multiple factor controls that operate at diverse spatial and temporal scales. These complexities have challenged the use and utility of threshold concepts in environmental management despite great concern about preventing dramatic state changes in valued ecosystems, the need for determining critical pollutant loads and the ubiquity of other threshold-based environmental problems. In this paper we define the scope of the thresholds concept in ecological science and discuss methods for identifying and investigating thresholds using a variety of examples from terrestrial and aquatic environments, at ecosystem, landscape and regional scales. We end with a discussion of key research needs in this area. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDI, Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Inst Kingston 105, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. US EPA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Woodrow Wilson Int Ctr Scholars, Washington, DC 20004 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Groffman, P (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM GroffmanP@ecostudies.org RI Reynolds, James/G-6364-2010; Peterson, Garry/C-1309-2008; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016; OI Peterson, Garry/0000-0003-0173-0112; Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; Groffman, Peter/0000-0001-8371-6255 NR 82 TC 420 Z9 442 U1 20 U2 275 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s10021-003-0142-z PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017DE UT WOS:000235673500001 ER PT J AU Perakis, S Maguire, D Bullen, T Cromack, K Waring, R Boyle, J AF Perakis, S Maguire, D Bullen, T Cromack, K Waring, R Boyle, J TI Coupled nitrogen and calcium cycles in forests of the Oregon Coast Range SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE nitrogen cycle; N-saturation; base cations; calcium; magnesium; strontium; stable isotopes; atmospheric deposition; marine seasalt aerosols; nutrient limitation; Douglas-fir ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; REGIONAL VARIATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GROWTH-RESPONSE; BASE CATIONS; RED SPRUCE; OLD-GROWTH; SOIL AB Nitrogen (N) is a critical limiting nutrient that regulates plant productivity and the cycling of other essential elements in forests. We measured foliar and soil nutrients in 22 young Douglas-fir stands in the Oregon Coast Range to examine patterns of nutrient availability across a gradient of N-poor to N-rich soils. N in surface mineral soil ranged from 0.15 to 1.05% N, and was positively related to a doubling of foliar N across sites. Foliar N in half of the sites exceeded 1.4% N, which is considered above the threshold of N-limitation in coastal Oregon Douglas-fir. Available nitrate increased five-fold across this gradient, whereas exchangeable magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) in soils declined, suggesting that nitrate leaching influences base cation availability more than soil parent material across our sites. Natural abundance strontium isotopes ((87)Sr/(86)Sr) of a single site indicated that 97% of available base cations can originate from atmospheric inputs of marine aerosols, with negligible contributions from weathering. Low annual inputs of Ca relative to Douglas-fir growth requirements may explain why foliar Ca concentrations are highly sensitive to variations in soil Ca across our sites. Natural abundance calcium isotopes (delta(44)Ca) in exchangeable and acid leachable pools of surface soil measured at a single site showed 1 per mil depletion relative to deep soil, suggesting strong Ca recycling to meet tree demands. Overall, the biogeochemical response of these Douglas-fir forests to gradients in soil N is similar to changes associated with chronic N deposition in more polluted temperate regions, and raises the possibility that Ca may be deficient on excessively N-rich sites. We conclude that wide gradients in soil N can drive non-linear changes in base-cation biogeochemistry, particularly as forests cross a threshold from N-limitation to N-saturation. The most acute changes may occur in forests where base cations are derived principally from atmospheric inputs. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Geol Survey, Branch Reg Res, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Perakis, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steven.perakis@oregonstate.edu RI Waring, Richared/C-4796-2014 OI Waring, Richared/0000-0003-2533-3664 NR 64 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s10021-004-0039-5 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017DE UT WOS:000235673500005 ER PT J AU Henshel, DS Sparks, DW AF Henshel, DS Sparks, DW TI Site specific PCB-correlated interspecies differences in organ somatic indices SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TEQ; pancreas; kidney; brain; thyroid; somatic index ID SWALLOWS TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; SPRAYED APPLE ORCHARDS; TREE SWALLOWS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; CHICK-EMBRYO; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; RIVER; TERATOGENICITY; CONTAMINATION; REPRODUCTION AB We correlated site specific differences in the organ somatic indices of nestlings of five passerine species (tree swallow, red-winged blackbird, house wren, Carolina chickadee, and eastern bluebird) with the degree of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) exposure in ovo and post-hatching. The birds were exposed to PCBs at or downstream of four PCB-contaminated sites. Of the organs evaluated for this paper, brain, bursa, heart, kidneys, lungs, pancreas, spleen, stomach, and thyroid varied significantly (p < 0.05) or marginally significantly (0.05 < p < 0.11) between sites for at least one species. Differences were noted in the direction of the mean SI change (increased or decreased with increasing contaminant exposure by site) between different species for brain, lung, pancreas, spleen and thyroids. Our results indicated that no single passerine species fully represented the response characteristics observed in these species, and no single difference in organ SI should be used in ecotoxicological evaluations. Further, it is critical to include congener analysis in any evaluations since some endpoints in some species correlate well with total TEQs, and some with total PCBs and not TEQs. Some samples containing biologically significant levels of dioxin-like congeners would have been "non-detects" for total PCBs using common analytical methods. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. RP Henshel, DS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, 1315 E 10th 340, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. EM dhenshel@indiana.edu NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s10646-005-0038-0 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 018QD UT WOS:000235779000002 PM 16317482 ER PT J AU Vargo, EL Husseneder, C Woodson, D Waldvogel, MG Grace, JK AF Vargo, EL Husseneder, C Woodson, D Waldvogel, MG Grace, JK TI Genetic analysis of colony and population structure of three introduced populations of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) in the Continental United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microsatellite markers; breeding system; social organization; Formosan subterranean termite; Coptotermes formosanus ID RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES ISOPTERA; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; NASUTITERMES-NIGRICEPS; GENUS RETICULITERMES; BREEDING SYSTEM; NEW-ORLEANS; RELATEDNESS; LOUISIANA AB The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is a major invasive pest species in many parts of the world. We compared the colony breeding system and population genetic structure in three introduced populations in the continental United States: Charleston, SC; City Park, New Orleans, LA; and Rutherford County, NC. Based on worker genotypes at 12 micro-satellite loci, we found that colonies were mainly genetically distinct entities consisting of either simple families headed by monogamous pairs of reproductives or extended families containing multiple neotenic (replacement) reproductives descended from simple families. Populations varied from 48% simple families in Charleston to 82% simple families in City Park. Extended family colonies in all three populations were likely headed by < 10 neotenic reproductives. There was no significant isolation by distance in any of the populations, suggesting that colonies reproduce by relatively long-range mating flights and/or human-mediated dispersal within each population. The Charleston population showed evidence of a recent genetic bottleneck and most likely was founded by very few colonies. Cluster analysis indicated that the Charleston and City Park populations are quite genetically distant from each other and most likely originated from different source populations. The more recently introduced Rutherford County population was genetically most similar to City Park. These findings, together with results from other infested sites, indicate considerable variation in the genetic structure and breeding system of introduced populations of this species, making it unlikely that there is a simple genetic or behavioral explanation for the success of C. formosanus as an invasive species. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Agr Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Serv, Western Reg Off, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Vargo, EL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ed_vargo@ncsu.edu RI Vargo, Edward/D-1097-2010 OI Vargo, Edward/0000-0002-8712-1248 NR 70 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 151 EP 166 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 013IJ UT WOS:000235402700018 ER PT J AU Robertson, DM Saad, DA Heisey, DM AF Robertson, DM Saad, DA Heisey, DM TI A regional classification scheme for estimating reference water quality in streams using land-use-adjusted spatial regression-tree analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE classification; ecoregions; land use; nutrients; regionalization; regression tree AB Various approaches are used to subdivide large areas into regions containing streams that have similar reference or background water quality and that respond similarly to different factors. For many applications, such as establishing reference conditions, it is preferable to use physical characteristics that are not affected by human activities to delineate these regions. However, most approaches, such as ecoregion classifications, rely on land use to delineate regions or have difficulties compensating for the effects of land use. Land use not only directly affects water quality, but it is often correlated with the factors used to define the regions. In this article, we describe modifications to SPARTA (spatial regression-tree analysis), a relatively new approach applied to water-quality and environmental characteristic data to delineate zones with similar factors affecting water quality. In this modified approach, land-use-adjusted (residualized) water quality and environmental characteristics are computed for each site. Regression-tree analysis is applied to the residualized data to determine the most statistically important environmental characteristics describing the distribution of a specific water-quality constituent. Geographic information for small basins throughout the study area is then used to subdivide the area into relatively homogeneous environmental water-quality zones. For each zone, commonly used approaches are subsequently used to define its reference water quality and how its water quality responds to changes in land use. SPARTA is used to delineate zones of similar reference concentrations of total phosphorus and suspended sediment throughout the upper Midwestern part of the United States. C1 US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Robertson, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM dzrobert@usgs.gov OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 209 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0022-8 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006OJ UT WOS:000234906500006 PM 16328674 ER PT J AU Hudon, C Wilcox, D Ingram, J AF Hudon, C Wilcox, D Ingram, J TI Modeling wetland plant community response to assess water-level regulation scenarios in the Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River basin SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Lake Ontario; plant communities; St. Lawrence River; water level regulation; wetlands ID ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; SHORELINE VEGETATION; AQUATIC VEGETATION; GREAT-LAKES; BIODIVERSITY; PRINCIPLES; HYDROLOGY; REGIMES; CANADA AB The International Joint Commission has recently completed a five-year study (2000-2005) to review the operation of structures controlling the flows and levels of the Lake Ontario - St. Lawrence River system. In addition to addressing the multitude of stakeholder interests, the regulation plan review also considers environmental sustainability and integrity of wetlands and various ecosystem components. The present paper outlines the general approach, scientific methodology and applied management considerations of studies quantifying the relationships between hydrology and wetland plant assemblages (% occurrence, surface area) in Lake Ontario and the Upper and Lower St. Lawrence River. Although similar study designs were used across the study region, different methodologies were required that were specifically adapted to suit the important regional differences between the lake and river systems, range in water-level variations, and confounding factors (geomorphic types, exposure, sediment characteristics, downstream gradient of water quality, origin of water masses in the Lower River). Performance indicators (metrics), such as total area of wetland in meadow marsh vegetation type, that link wetland response to water levels will be used to assess the effects of different regulation plans under current and future (climate change) water-supply scenarios. C1 Environm Canada, Quebec Reg, St Lawrence Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Environm Canada, Ontario Reg, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Conservat Branch, Downsview, ON, Canada. RP Hudon, C (reprint author), Environm Canada, Quebec Reg, St Lawrence Ctr, 105 McGill St, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM christiane.hudon@ec.gc.ca NR 40 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 10 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 113 IS 1-3 BP 303 EP 328 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-9086-4 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028TM UT WOS:000236511700016 PM 16502038 ER PT J AU Webb, SM Fuller, CC Tebo, BM Bargar, JR AF Webb, SM Fuller, CC Tebo, BM Bargar, JR TI Determination of uranyl incorporation into biogenic manganese oxides using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC NA-BIRNESSITE; MARINE BACILLUS SP.; STRAIN SG-1; HEXAGONAL BIRNESSITE; RIETVELD REFINEMENT; MN OXIDES; OXIDATION; URANIUM; EXAFS; DIFFRACTION AB Biogenic manganese oxides are common and an important source of reactive mineral surfaces in the environment that may be potentially enhanced in bioremediation cases to improve natural attenuation. Experiments were performed in which the uranyl ion, UO22+ (U(VI)), at various concentrations was present during manganese oxide biogenesis. At all concentrations, there was strong uptake of U onto the oxides. Synchrotron-based extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out to determine the molecular-scale mechanism by which uranyl is incorporated into the oxide and how this incorporation affects the resulting manganese oxide structure and mineralogy. The EXAFS experiments show that at low concentrations (< 0.3 mol % U, < 1 mu M U(VI) in solution), U(VI) is present as a strong bidentate surface complex. At high concentrations (> 2 mol % U, > 4 mu M U(VI) in solution), the presence of U(VI) affects the stability and structure of the Mn oxide to form poorly ordered Mn oxide tunnel structures, similar to todorokite. EXAFS modeling shows that uranyl is present in these oxides predominantly in the tunnels of the Mn oxide structure in a tridentate complex. Observations by XRD corroborate these results. Structural incorporation may lead to more stable U(VI) sequestration that may be suitable for remediation uses. These observations, combined with the very high uptake capacity of the Mn oxides, imply that Mn-oxidizing bacteria may significantly influence dissolved U(VI) concentrations in impacted waters via sorption and incorporation into Mn oxide biominerals. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Webb, SM (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM samwebb@slac.stanford.edu RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009; Tebo, Bradley/A-8432-2017; OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464; Tebo, Bradley/0000-0002-6301-4325; Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074 NR 58 TC 42 Z9 52 U1 6 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 3 BP 771 EP 777 DI 10.1021/es051679f PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 010WC UT WOS:000235227600030 PM 16509317 ER PT J AU Kinney, CA Furlong, ET Werner, SL Cahill, JD AF Kinney, CA Furlong, ET Werner, SL Cahill, JD TI Presence and distribution of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pharmaceuticals; wastewater; reclaimed water; soil; leaching tendencies ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TREATMENT PLANTS; SEWAGE; SLUDGE; BEHAVIOR; STRAINS; SAMPLES; RIVERS AB Three sites in the Front Range of Colorado, USA, were monitored from May through September 2003 to assess the presence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water derived from urban wastewater. Soil cores were collected monthly, and 19 pharmaceuticals, all of which were detected during the present study, were measured in 5-cm increments of the 30-cm cores. Samples of reclaimed water were analyzed three times during the study to assess the input of pharmaceuticals. Samples collected before the onset of irrigation in 2003 contained numerous pharmaceuticals, likely resulting from the previous year's irrigation. Several of the selected pharmaceuticals increased in total soil concentration at one or more of the sites. The four most commonly detected pharmaceuticals were erythromycin, carbamazepine, fluoxetine, and diphenhydramine. Typical concentrations of the individual pharmaceuticals observed were low (0.02-15 mu g/kg dry soil). The existence of subsurface maximum concentrations and detectable concentrations at the lowest sampled soil depth might indicate interactions of soil components with pharmaceuticals during leaching through the vadose zone. Nevertheless, the present study demonstrates that reclaimed-water irrigation results in soil pharmaceutical concentrations that vary through the irrigation season and that some compounds persist for months after irrigation. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. RP Furlong, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,Bldg 95,MS 407, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM efurlong@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603 NR 28 TC 193 Z9 202 U1 7 U2 116 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 317 EP 326 DI 10.1897/05-187R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 004ZS UT WOS:000234792000003 PM 16519291 ER PT J AU Albers, PH Klein, PN Green, DE Melancon, MJ Bradley, BP Noguchi, G AF Albers, PH Klein, PN Green, DE Melancon, MJ Bradley, BP Noguchi, G TI Chlorfenapyr and mallard ducks: Overview, study design, macroscopic effects, and analytical chemistry SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chlorfenapyr; insecticide; mallard; chronic exposure; toxic effects ID UNCOUPLING ACTIVITY; PYRROLES AB The first commercial pesticide derived from a class of compounds known as halogenated pyrroles was registered for use in the United States in 2001. Chlorfenapyr degrades slowly in soil, sediment, and water and is highly toxic to birds. Information on biochemical or histological endpoints in birds is lacking; therefore, a two-year study was conducted to provide information needed to develop diagnostic criteria for chlorfenapyr toxicosis. In the first year, male mallard ducks were fed concentrations of 0, 2, 5, or 10 ppm technical chlorfenapyr or 5 ppm of a formulated product in their diet during a 10-week chronic exposure study. Survival, body weight, feed consumption (removal), behavior, and molt progression were monitored. Feed and liver were analyzed for chlorfenapyr and two metabolites. Five of 10 ducks in the 10-ppm group died, and neurotoxic effects were observed in the Sand 10-ppm groups. Feed removal increased for ducks receiving chlorfenapyr and body weights of 5- and 10-ppm ducks were reduced. Loss of body fat, muscle atrophy, and bile retention were suggestive of metabolic disruption or a decreased ability to digest and absorb nutrients. Liver and kidney weights and liver and kidney weight/body weight ratios exhibited a positive response to concentrations of chlorfenapyr in the diet. Emaciation and elevated organ weight/body weight ratios are candidates for a suite of indicators of chronic chlorfenapyr exposure. Liver is the preferred tissue for chemical confirmation of exposure. C1 Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US PHS, US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Albers, PH (reprint author), Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Box 308, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM palbers@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 438 EP 445 DI 10.1897/05-004R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 004ZS UT WOS:000234792000016 PM 16519304 ER PT J AU Reynolds, KD Schwarz, MS McFarland, CA McBride, T Adair, B AF Reynolds, KD Schwarz, MS McFarland, CA McBride, T Adair, B TI Northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) as biomonitors of environmental metal contamination SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rodents; metals; superfund; mines; small mammals ID WATER-QUALITY DATA; SMALL MAMMALS; COPPER TRANSPORT; LEAD-EXPOSURE; HEAVY-METALS; DISTRIBUTIONAL PARAMETERS; ZINC SMELTERS; RAT; METALLOTHIONEIN; CADMIUM AB We live-trapped 40 northern pocket gophers across two years from the Anaconda Smelter Superfund Site, Anaconda, Montana, USA, to determine their exposure to five metal contaminants and effects of exposure on selected measurements. Soil, gopher blood, liver, kidney, and carcass samples were analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc. Hematological parameters, kidney and liver porphyrins, and red blood cell delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity were also measured. Micronutrients Cu and Zn were detected in all tissues analyzed, and Cd, Pb, and As were detected less frequently. We report differences in metal distribution among different tissues and differences in bioaccumulation for different metals within the same tissue. No significant differences were observed in concentrations of Zn or Cu in any tissue across the study site, but relationships between lead in soil and lead in carcass proved especially strong (r(2) = 0.80; p < 0.001; n = 18). Among biomarker data, we observed a negative relationship between concentration of lead in the soil and ALAD activity in gophers with detectable concentrations of lead in their blood (r(2) = 0.45; p = 0.006; n = 15). Results of this study suggest that northern pocket gophers are useful biomonitors of environmental Pb, Cd, and As contamination, and their broad geographic range across North America could allow them to be an important component of site-specific metals assessments. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Reynolds, KD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Ecol Serv Field Off, 2321 W Royal Palm Rd,Suite 103, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. EM kevin_reynolds@fws.gov OI Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04696] NR 57 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 15 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 458 EP 469 DI 10.1897/05-130R1.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 004ZS UT WOS:000234792000019 PM 16519307 ER PT J AU DeWitt, JC Millsap, DS Yeager, RL Heise, SS Sparks, DW Henshel, DS AF DeWitt, JC Millsap, DS Yeager, RL Heise, SS Sparks, DW Henshel, DS TI External heart deformities in passerine birds exposed to environmental mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls during development SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE passerine; polychlorinated biphenyls; toxic equivalents; heart; development ID LAWRENCE-RIVER BASIN; TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; TREE SWALLOWS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; CHICKEN EMBRYOS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; CONTAMINATION; PCB-126; HEALTH AB Necropsy-observable cardiac deformities were evaluated from 283 nestling passerines collected from one reference site and five polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated sites around Bloomington and Bedford, Indiana, USA. Hearts were weighed and assessed on relative scales in three dimensions (height, length, and width) and for externally visible deformities. Heart weights normalized to body weight (heart somatic index) were decreased significantly at the more contaminated sites in both house wren (Troglodytes aedon) and tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor). Heart somatic indices significantly correlated with log PCB concentrations in Carolina chickadee (Pares carolinesis) and tree swallow and with log 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalent values in tree swallow alone. Ventricular length was increased significantly in eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) and decreased significantly in Carolina chickadee and tree swallow from contaminated sites versus the reference site. Heart length regressed significantly against the log PCB concentrations (Carolina chickadee and tree swallow) or the square of the PCB concentrations (red-winged blackbird [Agelaius phoeniceus]) in a sibling bird. The deformities that were observed most at the contaminated sites included abnormal tips (pointed, rounded, or flattened), center rolls, macro- and microsurface roughness, ventricular indentations on the ventral or dorsal surface, lateral ventricular notches, visibly thin ventricular walls, and changes in overall heart shape. A pooled heart deformity index regressed significantly against the logged contaminant concentrations for all species except red-winged blackbird. These results indicate that developmental changes in heart morphometrics and shape abnormalities are quantifiable and may be sensitive and useful indicators of PCB-related developmental impacts across many avian species. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington Ecol Serv Field Off, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. RP Henshel, DS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, 1315 E 10th St,Room 340,SPEA Bldg, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM dhenshel@indiana.edu OI DeWitt, Jamie/0000-0002-0440-4059 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 541 EP 551 DI 10.1897/05-343R.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 004ZS UT WOS:000234792000030 PM 16519318 ER PT J AU Yates, KK Halley, RB AF Yates, KK Halley, RB TI Diurnal variation in rates of calcification and carbonate sediment dissolution in Florida Bay SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM TRENDS; SEA CO2 FLUXES; CORAL-REEF; COMMUNITY METABOLISM; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; SOUTH FLORIDA; PORE-WATER; ALKALINITY; SALINITY AB Water quality and circulation in Florida Bay (a shallow, subtropical estuary in south Florida) are highly dependent upon the development and evolution of carbonate mud banks distributed throughout the Bay. Predicting the effect of natural and anthropogenic perturbations on carbonate sedimentation requires an understanding of annual, seasonal, and daily variations in the biogenic and inorganic processes affecting carbonate sediment precipitation and dissolution. In this study, net calcification rates were measured over diurnal cycles on 27 d during summer and winter from 1999 to 2003 on mud banks and four representative substrate types located within basins between mud banks. Substrate types that were measured in basins include seagrass beds of sparse and intermediate density Thalassia sp., mud bottom, and hard bottom communities. Changes in total alkalinity were used as a proxy for calcification and dissolution. On 22 d (81%), diurnal variation in rates of net calcification was observed. The highest rates of net carbonate sediment production (or lowest rates of net dissolution) generally occurred during daylight hours and ranged from 2.900 to -0.410 g CaCO3 m(-2) d(-1). The lowest rates of carbonate sediment production (or net sediment dissolution) occurred at night and ranged from 0.210 to -1.900 g CaCO3 m(-2) night(-1). During typical diurnal cycles, dissolution during the night consumed an average of 29% of sediment produced during the day on banks and 68% of sediment produced during the day in basins. Net sediment dissolution also occurred during daylight, but only when there was total cloud cover, high turbidity, or hypersalinity. Diurnal variation in calcification and dissolution in surface waters and surface sediments of Florida Bay is linked to cycling of carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and respiration. Estimation of long-term sediment accumulation rates from diurnal rates of carbonate sediment production measured in this study indicates an overall average accumulation rate for Florida Bay of 8.7 cm 1000 yr(-1) and suggests that sediment dissolution plays a more important role than sediment transport in loss of sediment from Florida Bay. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Yates, KK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM kyates@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 29 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 24 EP 39 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 044NU UT WOS:000237680200003 ER PT J AU Erwin, RM Cahoon, DR Prosser, DJ Sanders, GM Hensel, P AF Erwin, RM Cahoon, DR Prosser, DJ Sanders, GM Hensel, P TI Surface elevation dynamics in vegetated Spartina marshes versus unvegetated tidal ponds along the mid-Atlantic coast, USA, with implications to waterbirds SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SEDIMENTATION-EROSION TABLE; HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS; UNITED-STATES; ACCRETION RATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SALT MARSHES; WETLAND; SHOREBIRDS; IMPACTS AB Mid Atlantic coastal salt marshes contain a matrix of vegetation diversified by tidal pools, pannes, and creeks, providing habitats of varying importance to many species of breeding, migrating, and wintering waterbirds. We hypothesized that changes in marsh elevation were not sufficient to keep pace with those of sea level in both vegetated and unvegetated Spartina alterniflora sites at a number of mid lagoon marsh areas along the Atlantic Coast. We also predicted that northern areas would suffer less of a deficit than would southern sites. Beginning in August 1998, we installed surface elevation tables at study sites on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, southern New Jersey, and two locations along Virginia's eastern shore. We compared these elevation changes over the 4-4.5 yr record with the long-term (> 50 yr) tidal records for each locale. We also collected data on waterbird use of these sites during all seasons of the year, based on ground surveys and replicated surveys from observation platforms. Three patterns of marsh elevation change were found. At Nauset Marsh, Cape Cod, the Spartina marsh surface tracked the pond surface, both keeping pace with regional sea-level rise rates. In New Jersey, the ponds are becoming deeper while marsh surface elevation remains unchanged from the initial reading. This may result in a submergence of the marsh in the future, assuming sea-level rise continues at current rates. Ponds at both Virginia sites are filling in, while marsh surface elevation rates do not seem to be keeping pace with local sea-level rise. An additional finding at all sites was that subsidence in the vegetated marsh surfaces was less than in unvegetated areas, reflecting the importance of the root mat in stabilizing sediments. The implications to migratory waterbirds are significant. Submergence of much of the lagoonal marsh area in Virginia and New Jersey over the next century could have major negative (i.e., flooding) effects on nesting populations of marsh-dependent seaside sparrows Ammodramus maritimus, saltmarsh sharp-tailed sparrows Ammodramus caudacutus, black rails Laterallus jamaicensis, clapper rails Rallus longirostris, Forster's terns Sterna forsteri, common terns Sterna hirundo, and gull-billed terns Sterna nilotica. Although short-term inundation of many lagoonal marshes may benefit some open-water feeding ducks, geese, and swans during winter, the long-term ecosystem effects may be detrimental, as wildlife resources will be lost or displaced. With the reduction in area of emergent marsh, estuarine secondary productivity and biotic diversity will also be reduced. C1 Univ Virginia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. US Geol Survey, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Erwin, RM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM rme5g@virginia.edu OI Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 10 U2 47 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 96 EP 106 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 044NU UT WOS:000237680200009 ER PT J AU Martin, TE Bassar, RD Bassar, SK Fontaine, JJ Lloyd, P Mathewson, HA Niklison, AM Chalfoun, A AF Martin, TE Bassar, RD Bassar, SK Fontaine, JJ Lloyd, P Mathewson, HA Niklison, AM Chalfoun, A TI Life-history and ecological correlates of geographic variation in egg and clutch mass among passerine species SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE allometry; birds; clutch size; egg mass; nest predation; trade-offs ID PARENTAL CARE; NEST PREDATION; TRADE-OFF; INTERSPECIFIC RELATIONSHIP; REPRODUCTIVE ALLOCATION; MAYFIELD METHOD; OFFSPRING SIZE; PROPAGULE SIZE; K-SELECTION; BIRDS AB Broad geographic patterns in egg and clutch mass are poorly described, and potential causes of variation remain largely unexamined. We describe interspecific variation in avian egg and clutch mass within and among diverse geographic regions and explore hypotheses related to allometry, clutch size, nest predation, adult mortality, and parental care as correlates and possible explanations of variation. We studied 74 species of Passeriformes at four latitudes on three continents: the north temperate United States, tropical Venezuela, subtropical Argentina, and south temperate South Africa. Egg and clutch mass increased with adult body mass in all locations, but differed among locations for the same body mass, demonstrating that egg and clutch mass have evolved to some extent independent of body mass among regions. A major portion of egg mass variation was explained by an inverse relationship with clutch size within and among regions, as predicted by life-history theory. However, clutch size did not explain all geographic differences in egg mass; eggs were smallest in South Africa despite small clutch sizes. These small eggs might be explained by high nest predation rates in South Africa; life-history theory predicts reduced reproductive effort under high risk of offspring mortality. This prediction was supported for clutch mass, which was inversely related to nest predation but not for egg mass. Nevertheless, clutch mass variation was not fully explained by nest predation, possibly reflecting interacting effects of adult mortality. Tests of the possible effects of nest predation on egg mass were compromised by limited power and by counterposing direct and indirect effects. Finally, components of parental investment, defined as effort per offspring, might be expected to positively coevolve. Indeed, egg mass, but not clutch mass, was greater in species that shared incubation by males and females compared with species in which only females incubate eggs. However, egg and clutch mass were not related to effort of parental care as measured by incubation attentiveness. Ecological and life-history correlates of egg and clutch mass variation found here follow from theory, but possible evolutionary causes deserve further study. C1 Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Cape Town, Ctr Excellence, Natl Res Fdn, Dept Sci & Technol,Percy FitzPatrick Inst African, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tom.martin@umontana.edu; rdbassar@yahoo.com; myioborus@yahoo.com; joseph.fontaine@umontana.edu; plloyd@botzoo.uct.ac.za; heatherm@unr.edu; alina.niklison@mso.umt.edu; anna.chalfoun@umontana.edu RI Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010; Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156; Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 74 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 9 U2 44 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD FEB PY 2006 VL 60 IS 2 BP 390 EP 398 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 026ZW UT WOS:000236383200016 PM 16610329 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Hubert, WA Rahel, FJ AF Quist, MC Hubert, WA Rahel, FJ TI Concurrent assessment of fish and habitat in warmwater streams in Wyoming SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; faunal filter; fish assemblage; sampling; warmwater stream ID GREAT-PLAINS STREAM; NATIVE FISHES; RIVER; ASSEMBLAGES; RESERVOIRS; FILTERS; FAUNA AB Fisheries research and management in North America have focused largely on sport fishes, but native non-game fishes have attracted increased attention due to their declines. The Warmwater Stream Assessment (WSA) was developed to evaluate simultaneously both fish and habitat in Wyoming streams by a process that includes three major components: (1) stream-reach selection and accumulation of existing information, (2) fish and habitat sampling and (3) summarisation and evaluation of fish and habitat information. Fish are sampled by electric fishing or seining and habitat is measured at reach and channel-unit (i.e. pool, run, riffle, side channel, or backwater) scales. Fish and habitat data are subsequently summarised using a data-matrix approach. Hierarchical decision trees are used to assess critical habitat requirements for each fish species expected or found in the reach. Combined measurements of available habitat and the ecology of individual species contribute to the evaluation of the observed fish assemblage. The WSA incorporates knowledge of the fish assemblage and habitat features to enable inferences of factors likely influencing both the fish assemblage and their habitat. The WSA was developed for warmwater streams in Wyoming, but its philosophy, process and conceptual basis may be applied to environmental assessments in other geographical areas. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 201 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mcquist@iastate.edu NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2006.00463.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 005WD UT WOS:000234854800002 ER PT J AU Mazerolle, MJ Poulin, M Lavoie, C Rochefort, L Desrochers, A Drolet, B AF Mazerolle, MJ Poulin, M Lavoie, C Rochefort, L Desrochers, A Drolet, B TI Animal and vegetation patterns in natural and man-made bog pools: implications for restoration SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arthropods; birds; frogs; peat extraction; ponds; Sphagnum ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN WETLAND; RIPARIAN HABITATS; SPECIES RICHNESS; SOIL ACIDITY; AMPHIBIANS; COMMUNITIES; PEATLANDS; USA; DIVERSITY AB 1. Peatlands have suffered great losses following drainage for agriculture, forestry, urbanisation, or peat mining, near inhabited areas. We evaluated the faunal and vegetation patterns after restoration of a peatland formerly mined for peat. We assessed whether bog pools created during restoration are similar to natural bog pools in terms of water chemistry, vegetation structure and composition, as well as amphibian and arthropod occurrence patterns. 2. Both avian species richness and peatland vegetation cover at the site increased following restoration. Within bog pools, however, the vegetation composition differed between natural and man-made pools. The cover of low shrubs, Sphagnum moss, submerged, emergent and floating vegetation in man-made pools was lower than in natural pools, whereas pH was higher than in typical bog pools. Dominant plant species also differed between man-made and natural pools. 3. Amphibian tadpoles, juveniles and adults occurred more often in man-made pools than natural bog pools. Although some arthropods, including Coleoptera bog specialists, readily colonised the pools, their abundance was two to 26 times lower than in natural bog pools. Plant introduction in bog pools, at the stocking densities we applied, had no effect on the occurrence of most groups. 4. We conclude that our restoration efforts were partially successful. Peatland-wide vegetation patterns following restoration mimicked those of natural peatlands, but 4 years were not sufficient for man-made pools to fully emulate the characteristics of natural bog pools. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Laval, Grp Rech Ecol Tourbieres, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Laval, Dept Amenagement, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Biol Forestiere, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Serv Canadien Faune, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. RP Mazerolle, MJ (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mmazerolle@usgs.gov RI Lavoie, Claude/A-1601-2011; Desrochers, Andre/B-6248-2008; Marleau Donais, Francis/R-2709-2016; GAO, Jianan/R-6090-2016; DANSOU, dossa Hyppolite/R-9367-2016; Bah, Idiatou/R-9375-2016; Cerutti, Jerome/A-5398-2017; Marais, Ariane/S-3349-2016; Bojanowski, Angelique/R-8243-2016; lafreniere, judy/R-9281-2016; OI Desrochers, Andre/0000-0002-5676-964X; Marleau Donais, Francis/0000-0002-1970-7079; Marais, Ariane/0000-0003-0726-2401; Mazerolle, Marc/0000-0002-0486-0310 NR 91 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 54 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 333 EP 350 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01480.x PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 003FT UT WOS:000234667900011 ER PT J AU Morisette, JT Jarnevich, CS Ullah, A Cai, WJ Pedelty, JA Gentle, JE Stohlgren, TJ Schnase, JL AF Morisette, JT Jarnevich, CS Ullah, A Cai, WJ Pedelty, JA Gentle, JE Stohlgren, TJ Schnase, JL TI A tamarisk habitat suitability map for the continental United States SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID MODIS; REGRESSION; VEGETATION; CHINENSIS; COVER AB This paper presents a national-scale map of habitat suitability for tamarisk (Tamarix spp, salt cedar), a high-priority invasive species. We successfully integrate satellite data and tens of thousands of field sampling points through logistic regression modeling to create a habitat suitability map that is 90% accurate. This interagency effort uses field data collected and coordinated through the US Geological Survey and nationwide environmental data layers derived from NASA's MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We demonstrate the use of the map by ranking the 48 continental US states (and the District of Columbia) based on their absolute, as well as proportional, areas of "highly likely" and "moderately likely" habitat for Tamarix. The interagency effort and modeling approach presented here could be used to map other harmful species, in the US and globally. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. Sci Syst Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Morisette, JT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 614-5, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jeff.morisette@nasa.gov RI Evangelista, Paul/F-4801-2011 NR 16 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 4 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0012:ATHSMF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009WF UT WOS:000235143400015 ER PT J AU Amirbahman, A Kent, DB Curtis, GP Davis, JA AF Amirbahman, A Kent, DB Curtis, GP Davis, JA TI Kinetics of sorption and abiotic oxidation of arsenic(III) by aquifer materials SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID WATER LAKE-SEDIMENTS; ARSENATE ADSORPTION; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; GRAVEL AQUIFER; CAPE-COD; BANGLADESH GROUNDWATER; SYNTHETIC BIRNESSITE; REDUCING CONDITIONS; IRON OXYHYDROXIDES; OXIDE MINERALS AB The fate of arsenic in groundwater depends largely on its interaction with mineral surfaces. We investigated the kinetics of As(III) oxidation by aquifer materials collected from the USGS research site at Cape Cod, MA, USA, by conducting laboratory experiments. Five different solid samples with similar specific surface areas (0.6-0.9 m(2) g(-1)) and reductively extractable iron contents (18-26 mu mol m(-2)), but with varying total manganese contents (0.5-3.5 mu mol m(-2)) were used. Both dissolved and adsorbed As(III) and As(V) concentrations were measured with time up to 250 It. The As(III) removal rate from solution increased with increasing solid manganese content, suggesting that manganese oxide is responsible for the oxidation of As(III). Under all conditions, dissolved As(V) concentrations were very low. A quantitative model was developed to simulate the extent and kinetics of arsenic transformation by aquifer materials. The model included: (1) reversible rate-limited adsorption of As(III) onto both oxidative and non-oxidative (adsorptive) sites, (2) irreversible rate-limited oxidation of As(III), and (3) equilibrium adsorption of As(V) onto adsorptive sites. Rate constants for these processes, as well as the total oxidative site densities were used as the fitting parameters. The total adsorptive site densities were estimated based on the measured specific surface area of each material. The best fit was provided by considering one fast and one slow site for each adsorptive and oxidative site. The fitting parameters were obtained using the kinetic data for the most reactive aquifer material at different initial As(III) concentrations. Using the same parameters to simulate As(III),and As(V) surface reactions, the model predictions were compared to observations for aquifer materials with different manganese contents. The model simulated the experimental data very well for all materials at all initial As(III) concentrations. The As(V) production rate was related to the concentrations of the free oxidative surface sites and dissolved As(III), as r(As(V)) = k(ox) [(MnOH)-O-(IV)][H3AsO3] with apparent second-order rate constants of k(ox)(f') = 6.28 x 10(-1) and k(ox)(s'), = 1.25 x 10(-2) M-1 s(-1) for the fast and the slow oxidative sites, respectively. The As(III) removal rate decreased approximately by half for a pH increase from 4 to 7. The pH dependence was explained using the acid-base behavior of the surface oxidative sites by considering a surface pK(a) = 6.2 (I = 0). In the presence of excess surface adsorptive and oxidative sites, phosphate diminished the rate of As(III) removal and As(V) production only slightly due to its interaction with the oxidative sites. The observed As(III) oxidation rate here is consistent with previous observations of As(III) oxidation over short transport distances during field-scale transport experiments. The model developed here may be incorporated into groundwater transport models to predict arsenic speciation and transport in chemically heterogeneous systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Amirbahman, A (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM aria@umit.maine.edu NR 85 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 533 EP 547 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2005.10.036 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 011KB UT WOS:000235265900001 ER PT J AU Balci, N Bullen, TD Witte-Lien, K Shanks, WC Motelica, M Mandernack, KW AF Balci, N Bullen, TD Witte-Lien, K Shanks, WC Motelica, M Mandernack, KW TI Iron isotope fractionation during microbially stimulated Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) precipitation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; FERRIC IRON; NONBIOLOGICAL FRACTIONATION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; FERROUS IRON; FE ISOTOPES; REDUCTION; BACTERIA; SEDIMENTS AB Interpretation of the origins of iron-bearing minerals preserved in modern and ancient rocks based on measured iron isotope ratios depends on our ability to distinguish between biological and non-biological iron isotope fractionation processes. In this study, we compared Fe-56/Fe-54 ratios of coexisting aqueous iron (Fe(II)(aq), Fe(III)(aq)) and iron oxyhydroxide precipitates (Fe(III)(ppt)) resulting from the oxidation of ferrous iron under experimental conditions at low pH (< 3). Experiments were carried out using both pure,cultures of Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans and sterile controls to assess possible biological overprinting of non-biological fractionation, and both SO42- and Cl- salts as Fe(II) sources to determine possible ionic/speciation effects that may be associated with oxidation/precipitation reactions. In addition, a series of ferric iron precipitation experiments were performed at pH ranging from 1.9 to 3.5 to determine if different precipitation rates cause differences in the isotopic composition of the iron oxyhydroxides. During microbially stimulated Fe(II) oxidation in both the sulfate and chloride systems, Fe-56/Fe-54 ratios of residual Fe(II)a, sampled in a time series evolved along an apparent Rayleigh trend characterized by a fractionation factor alpha(Fe(III)aq-Fe(II)aq) similar to 1.0022. This fractionation factor was significantly less than that measured in our sterile control experiments (similar to 1.0034) and that predicted for isotopic equilibrium between Fe(II)(aq) and Fe(III)(aq) (similar to 1.0029), and thus might be interpreted to reflect a biological isotope effect. However, in our biological experiments the measured difference in Fe-56/Fe-54 ratios between Fe(III)(aq), isolated as a solid by the addition of NaOH to the final solution at each time point under N-2-atmosphere, and Fe(II)(aq) was in most cases and on average close to 2.9 parts per thousand (alpha(Fe(III)aq-Fe(II)aq) similar to 1.0029), consistent with isotopic equilibrium between Fe(II)(aq) and Fe(III)(aq). The ferric iron precipitation experiments revealed that Fe-56/Fe-54 ratios of Fe(III)(aq) were generally equal to or greater than those of Fe(III)(ppt), and isotopic fractionation between these phases decreased with increasing precipitation rate and decreasing grain size. Considered together, the data confirm that the iron isotope variations observed in our microbial experiments are primarily controlled by non-biological equilibrium and kinetic factors, a result that aids our ability to interpret present-day iron cycling processes but further complicates our ability to use iron isotopes alone to identify biological processing in the rock record. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Geol Discipline, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, F-45060 Orleans, France. Tech Univ Istanbul, Dept Geol, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Mandernack, KW (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kmandern@mines.edu NR 51 TC 91 Z9 107 U1 7 U2 68 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 622 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2005.09.025 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 011KB UT WOS:000235265900007 ER PT J AU Leach, D Macquar, JC Lagneau, V Leventhal, J Emsbo, P Premo, W AF Leach, D Macquar, JC Lagneau, V Leventhal, J Emsbo, P Premo, W TI Precipitation of lead-zinc ores in the Mississippi Valley-type deposit at Treves, Cevennes region of southern France SO GEOFLUIDS LA English DT Article DE fluid inclusions; France; geochemical modeling; lead-zinc deposits; Mississippi Valley-type deposits ID CL-BR SYSTEMATICS; ORGANIC-MATTER; FLUID-FLOW; GENETIC-IMPLICATIONS; MINERALIZING BRINES; PB; ZN; BASIN; EVOLUTION; SULFATE AB The Treves zinc-lead deposit is one of several Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits in the Cevennes region of southern France. Fluid inclusion studies show that the ore was deposited at temperatures between approximately 80 and 150 degrees C from a brine that derived its salinity mainly from the evaporation of seawater past halite saturation. Lead isotope studies suggest that the metals were extracted from local basement rocks. Sulfur isotope data and studies of organic matter indicate that the reduced sulfur in the ores was derived from the reduction of Mesozoic marine sulfate by thermochemical sulfate reduction or bacterially mediated processes at a different time or place from ore deposition. The large range of delta(34)S values determined for the minerals in the deposit (12.2-19.2 parts per thousand for barite, 3.8-13.8 parts per thousand for sphalerite and galena, and 8.7 to -21.2 parts per thousand for pyrite), are best explained by the mixing of fluids containing different sources of sulfur. Geochemical reaction path calculations, based on quantitative fluid inclusion data and constrained by field observations, were used to evaluate possible precipitation mechanisms. The most important precipitation mechanism was probably the mixing of fluids containing different metal and reduced sulfur contents. Cooling, dilution, and changes in pH of the ore fluid probably played a minor role in the precipitation of ores. The optimum results that produced the most metal sulfide deposition with the least amount of fluid was the mixing of a fluid containing low amounts of reduced sulfur with a sulfur-rich, metal poor fluid. In this scenario, large amounts of sphalerite and galena are precipitated, together with smaller quantities of pyrite precipitated and dolomite dissolved. The relative amounts of metal precipitated and dolomite dissolved in this scenario agree with field observations that show only minor dolomite dissolution during ore deposition. The modeling results demonstrate the important control of the reduced sulfur concentration on the Zn and Pb transport capacity of the ore fluid and the volumes of fluid required to form the deposit. The studies of the Treves ores provide insights into the ore-forming processes of a typical MVT deposit in the Cevennes region. However, the extent to which these processes can be extrapolated to other MVT deposits in the Cevennes region is problematic. Nevertheless, the evidence for the extensive migration of fluids in the basement and sedimentary cover rocks in the Cevennes region suggests that the ore forming processes for the Treves deposit must be considered equally viable possibilities for the numerous fault-controlled and mineralogically similar MVT deposits in the Cevennes region. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Geol Appl, Paris, France. ENSMP, CIG, Fontainebleau, France. RP Leach, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dleach@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-8115 J9 GEOFLUIDS JI Geofluids PD FEB PY 2006 VL 6 IS 1 BP 24 EP 44 DI 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2006.00126.x PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 005RG UT WOS:000234840900003 ER PT J AU Weislogel, AL Graham, SA Chang, EZ Wooden, JL Gehrels, GE Yang, HS AF Weislogel, AL Graham, SA Chang, EZ Wooden, JL Gehrels, GE Yang, HS TI Detrital zircon provenance of the Late Triassic Songpan-Ganzi complex: Sedimentary record of collision of the North and South China blocks SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE turbidite; collisional orogen; unroofing; detrital zircon; China ID HIGH-PRESSURE ROCKS; EAST-CENTRAL CHINA; FLYSCH SEQUENCE; TECTONICS; GEOCHRONOLOGY; EXHUMATION; SYSTEM; BASIN; SHAN; ACCUMULATION AB Using detrital zircon geochronology, turbidite deposystems fed from distinct sediment sources can be distinguished within the Songpan-Ganzi complex, a collapsed Middle to Late Triassic turbidite basin of central China. A southern Songpan-Ganzi deposystem initially was sourced solely by erosion of the Qinling-Dabie orogen during early Late Triassic time, then by Qinling-Dabie orogen, North China block, and South China block sources during middle to late Late Triassic time. A northern Songpan-Ganzi system was sourced by erosion of the Qinling-Dabie orogen and the North China block throughout its deposition. These separate deposystems were later tectonically amalgamated to form one complex and then uplifted as the eastern Tibet Plateau. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sichuan Bur Geol & Ore Examinat, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, Peoples R China. RP Weislogel, AL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 36 TC 135 Z9 178 U1 4 U2 37 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1130/G21929 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 010US UT WOS:000235224000009 ER PT J AU Hein, JR Normark, WR McIntyre, BR Lorenson, TD Powell, CL AF Hein, JR Normark, WR McIntyre, BR Lorenson, TD Powell, CL TI Methanogenic calcite, C-13-depleted bivalve shells, and gas hydrate from a mud volcano offshore southern California SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C-13-depleted bivalve shells; cold seep; methane hydrate; mud volcano; California margin basin ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; METHANE; CARBON; SEEPS; SEDIMENTS; MARGIN; RIDGE; SEA; BAY AB Methane and hydrogen sulfide vent from a cold seep above a shallowly buried methane hydrate in a mud volcano located 24 km offshore southern California in 800 m of water. Bivalves, authigenic calcite, and methane hydrate were recovered in a 2.1 m piston core. Aragonite shells of two bivalve species are unusually depleted in C-13 (to -19 parts per thousand delta(13)C), the Most C-13-depleted shells of marine macrofauna yet discovered. Carbon isotopes for both living and dead specimens indicate that they used, in part, carbon derived from anaerobically oxidized methane to construct their shells. The delta(13)C values are highly variable, but most are within the range -12 parts per thousand to -19 parts per thousand. This variability may be diagnostic for identifying cold-seep-hydrate systems in the geologic record. Authigenic calcite is abundant in the cores down to similar to 1.5 in subbottom, the top of the methane hydrate. The calcite is depleted in C-13 (delta(13)C = -46 parts per thousand to -58 parts per thousand), indicating that carbon produced by anaerobically oxidized methane is the main source of the calcite. Methane sources include a geologic hydrocarbon reservoir from Miocene source rocks, and biogenic and thermogenic degradation of organic matter in basin sediments. Oxygen isotopes indicate that most calcite formed out of isotopic equilibrium with ambient bottom water, under the influence of gas hydrate dissociation and strong methane flux. High metal content in the mud volcano sediment indicates leaching of basement rocks by fluid circulating along an underlying fault, which also allows for a high flux of fossil methane. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hein, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhein@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.1130/G22098.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 010US UT WOS:000235224000012 ER PT J AU Mariner, RH Evans, WC Young, HW AF Mariner, RH Evans, WC Young, HW TI Comparison of circulation times of thermal waters discharging from the Idaho batholith based on geothermometer temperatures, helium concentrations, and C-14 measurements SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE water ages; dissolved helium; C-14; geothermometry; Idaho batholith ID GROUNDWATER; AGE AB Circulation times of waters in geothermal systems are poorly known. In this study, we examine the thermal waters of the Idaho batholith to verify whether maximum system temperatures, helium concentrations, and C-14 values are related to water age in these low-to-moderate temperature geothermal systems. He/N-2 values of gas collected from thermal waters that circulate solely through distinct units of the Idaho batholith correlate linearly with Na-K-(4/3)Ca geothermometer temperatures, showing that both variables are excellent indicators of relative water age. Thermal waters that circulate in early Tertiary (45-50 Ma) granite of the Sawtooth batholith have 3.5 times more helium than thermal waters of the same aquifer temperature that circulate through the main Cretaceous granite (average 91 Ma). Hot spring waters circulating in hydrothermally altered parts of the batholith have very little dissolved helium and no correlation between He/N2 values and geothermometer temperatures. Thermal waters discharging from the Idaho batholith are more depleted in deuterium than modern precipitation in the area. Recharge to these geothermal systems occurred from at least 10,000 BP for the cooler systems up to about 33,000 BP for the hotter systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of CNR. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Boise, ID USA. RP Mariner, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 434,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rmariner@usgs.gov RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 3 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2005.08.002 PG 23 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 023YC UT WOS:000236161100002 ER PT J AU Hull, MS Cherry, DS Neves, RJ AF Hull, MS Cherry, DS Neves, RJ TI Use of bivalve metrics to quantify influences of coal-related activities in the Clinch River watershed, virginia SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Asian clam; Clinch River; coal ash; coal mining; Corbicula; bivalves; mussels; power plant effluent; Unionoidea ID CORBICULA-FLUMINEA; HEAVY-METALS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; ASIATIC CLAMS; IN-SITU; MUSSELS; STREAM; RESPONSES; FIELD; ASH AB Previously, we reported that survivorship and growth of field-caged Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea [Muller]) were significantly reduced downstream of the wastewater effluent discharge of the Clinch River Plant (CRP), a coal-fired electric power-generating facility in Russell County, VA (USA). These findings warranted the present study, which investigated whether reduced survivorship and growth of transplanted C. fluminea were predictive of adverse effects on resident bivalves - most notably the Clinch River's (CR's) federally protected freshwater mussel fauna (Unionoidea). Thus, surveys of unionoid assemblages and C. fluminea population densities and age distributions were conducted to assess ecotoxicological effects on bivalve assemblages naturally occurring in the CR. Results of these surveys suggested that field bioassays with transplanted C. fluminea were predictive of in-stream C. fluminea densities and the presence/absence of indigenous unionoid assemblages. Relative to C. fluminea, additional field bioassays with a juvenile unionoid species (Villosa iris) native to the CR were less predictive of adverse effects on resident bivalves. Concurrence of transplant studies and in-stream surveys was evident at most study sites, particularly within 0.6 km downstream of the CRP effluent where resident bivalves were virtually non-existent relative to other stream sites having similar habitat conditions. Our findings indicate that in situ field bioassays with transplanted C. fluminea are valuable tools for predicting in stream occurrence and distribution of resident freshwater bivalves, and that field studies integrating multiple bivalve metrics may be useful for prioritizing source-reduction efforts in similar watersheds. Discrepancies observed for transplanted C. fluminea and V. iris have important implications to selection of bivalve species used in field bioassays and warrant further study. C1 Luna Innovat Inc, Life Sci Grp, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hull, MS (reprint author), Luna Innovat Inc, Life Sci Grp, 2851 Commerce St, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM hullm@lunainnovations.com RI Hull, Matt/F-4942-2012 NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2006 VL 556 BP 341 EP 355 DI 10.1007/s10750-005-9111-1 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 996TW UT WOS:000234198800027 ER PT J AU Landis, ED Palti, Y Dekoning, J Drew, R Phillips, RB Hansen, JD AF Landis, ED Palti, Y Dekoning, J Drew, R Phillips, RB Hansen, JD TI Identification and regulatory analysis of rainbow trout tapasin and tapasin-related genes SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE tapasin; antigen presentation; processing; gene regulation; MHC ID MHC CLASS-I; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; LOADING COMPLEX; DANIO-RERIO; LINKAGE MAP; EXPRESSION; MOLECULES AB Tapasin (TAPBP) is a key member of MHC class Ia antigen-loading complexes, bridging the class Ia molecule to the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP). As part of an ongoing study of MHC genomics in rainbow trout, we have identified two rainbow trout TAPBP genes (Onmy-TAPBP.a and .b) and a similar but distinct TAPBP-related gene (Onmy-TAPBP-R) that had previously only been described in mammals. Physical and genetic mapping indicate that Onmy-TAPBP.a is on chromosome 18 in the MHC class Ia region and that Onmy-TAPBP.b resides on chromosome 14 in the MHC class Ib region. There are also at least two copies of TAPBP-R, Onmy-TAPBP-R.a and Onmy-TAPBP-R.b, located on chromosomes 2 and 3, respectively. Due to the central role of TAPBP expression during acute viral infection, we have characterized the transcriptional profile and regulatory regions for both Onmy-TAPBP and Onmy-TAPBP-R. Transcription of both genes increased during acute infection with infectious hematapoeitic necrosis virus (IHNV) in a fashion indicative of interferon-mediated regulation. Promoter-reporter assays in STE-137 cells demonstrate that the trout TAPBP and TAPBP-R promoters respond to interferon regulatory factors, Onmy-IRF1 and Onmy-IRF2. Overall, TAPBP is expressed at higher levels than TAPBP-R in naive tissues and TAPBP transcription is more responsive to viral infection and IRF1 and 2 binding. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Program Mol Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA USA. USDA ARS, NCCCWA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jhansen@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 EI 1432-1211 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD FEB PY 2006 VL 58 IS 1 BP 56 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s00251-005-0070-5 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 020SF UT WOS:000235929900007 PM 16447046 ER PT J AU Perry, CA AF Perry, CA TI Midwestern streamflow, precipitation, and atmospheric vorticity influenced by Pacific Sea-surface temperatures and total solar-irradiance variations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE solar-climate relations; total solar irradiance; Pacific sea-surface temperatures; atmospheric vorticity; precipitation; streamflow ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; OCEAN; ANOMALIES; WINTER; CYCLE AB A solar effect on streamflow in the Midwestern United States is described and supported in a six-step physical connection between total solar irradiance (TSI), tropical sea-surface temperatures (SSTs), extratropical SSTs, jet-stream vorticity, surface-layer vorticity, precipitation, and streamflow. Variations in the correlations among the individual steps indicate that the solar/hydroclimatic mechanism is complex and has a time element (lag) that may not be constant. Correct phasing, supported by consistent spectral peaks between 0.092 and 0.096 cycles per year in all data sets within the mechanism is strong evidence for its existence. A significant correlation exists between total solar irradiance and the 3-year moving average of annual streamflow for Iowa (R=0.67) and for the Mississippi River at St Louis, Missouri (R=0.60), during the period 1950-2000. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Perry, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM cperry@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1002/joc.1248 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 013IH UT WOS:000235402500005 ER PT J AU Bowker, MA Belnap, J Davidson, DW Harland, G AF Bowker, MA Belnap, J Davidson, DW Harland, G TI Correlates of biological soil crust abundance across a continuum of spatial scales: support for a hierarchical conceptual model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cryptobiotic soil crusts; cryptogams; hierarchical distribution model; microbiotic soil crusts; multi-scale distributions; semi-arid regions; soil chemistry ID COLORADO PLATEAU; NITROGEN-FIXATION; VEGETATION; ORGANISMS; AUSTRALIA; LICHENS; DESERT; OREGON; STEPPE; PLANTS AB 1. Desertification negatively impacts a large proportion of the global human population and > 30% of the terrestrial land surface. Better methods are needed to detect areas that are at risk of desertification and to ameliorate desertified areas. Biological soil crusts are an important soil lichen-moss-microbial community that can be used toward these goals, as (i) bioindicators of desertification damage and (ii) promoters of soil stability and fertility. 2. We identified environmental factors that correlate with soil crust occurrence on the landscape and might be manipulated to assist recovery of soil crusts in degraded areas. We conducted three studies on the Colorado Plateau, USA, to investigate the hypotheses that soil fertility [particularly phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn)] and/or moisture limit soil crust lichens and mosses at four spatial scales. 3. In support of the soil fertility hypothesis, we found that lichen-moss crusts were positively correlated with several nutrients [Mn, Zn, potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) were most consistent] at three of four spatial scales ranging from 3.5 cm(2) in area to c. 800 km(2). In contrast, P was negatively correlated with lichen-moss crusts at three scales. 4. Community composition varied with micro-aspect on ridges in the soil crust. Three micro-aspects [north-north-west (NNW), east-north-east (ENE) and TOP] supported greater lichen and moss cover than the warmer, windward and more xeric micro-aspects [west-south-west (WSW) and south-south-east (SSE)]. This pattern was poorly related to soil fertility; rather, it was consistent with the moisture limitation hypothesis. 5. Synthesis and application. Use of crusts as desertification bioindicators requires knowledge of a site's potential for crust cover in the absence of desertification. We present a multi-scale model of crust potential as a function of site properties. Future quantitative studies can use this model to guide sampling efforts. Also, our results suggest new directions in restoration research: enhancement of moisture residence time and fertilization with key nutrients (Mn, Zn, K and Mg). Re-establishment of soil crusts in desertified lands will help regain lost soil stability and fertility, and facilitate plant re-establishment. C1 US Geol Survey, SW BSC, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bowker, MA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM mab86@dana.ucc.nau.edu OI Goldstein, Harland/0000-0002-6092-8818 NR 40 TC 60 Z9 68 U1 6 U2 68 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 152 EP 163 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01122.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 010TN UT WOS:000235220900017 ER PT J AU Norris, JR Jackson, ST Betancourt, JL AF Norris, JR Jackson, ST Betancourt, JL TI Classification tree and minimum-volume ellipsoid analyses of the distribution of ponderosa pine in the western USA SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE bioclimatic model; classification tree analysis; ecotypes; minimum-volume ellipsoid; Pinus ponderosa; range shifts; western USA ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; REGRESSION TREES; NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE; DIFFERENTIATION; CALIFORNIA; LOESS; WOOD; DNA AB Aim Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson) is an economically and ecologically important conifer that has a wide geographic range in the western USA, but is mostly absent from the geographic centre of its distribution - the Great Basin and adjoining mountain ranges. Much of its modern range was achieved by migration of geographically distinct Sierra Nevada (P. ponderosa var. ponderosa) and Rocky Mountain (P. ponderosa var. scopulorum) varieties in the last 10,000 years. Previous research has confirmed genetic differences between the two varieties, and measurable genetic exchange occurs where their ranges now overlap in western Montana. A variety of approaches in bioclimatic modelling is required to explore the ecological differences between these varieties and their implications for historical biogeography and impending changes in western landscapes. Location Western USA. Methods We used a classification tree analysis and a minimum-volume ellipsoid as models to explain the broad patterns of distribution of ponderosa pine in modern environments using climatic and edaphic variables. Most biogeographical modelling assumes that the target group represents a single, ecologically uniform taxonomic population. Classification tree analysis does not require this assumption because it allows the creation of pathways that predict multiple positive and negative outcomes. Thus, classification tree analysis can be used to test the ecological uniformity of the species. In addition, a multidimensional ellipsoid was constructed to describe the niche of each variety of ponderosa pine, and distances from the niche were calculated and mapped on a 4-km grid for each ecological variable. Results The resulting classification tree identified three dominant pathways predicting ponderosa pine presence. Two of these three pathways correspond roughly to the distribution of var. ponderosa, and the third pathway generally corresponds to the distribution of var. scopulorum. The classification tree and minimum-volume ellipsoid model show that both varieties have very similar temperature limitations, although var. ponderosa is more limited by the temperature extremes of the continental interior. The precipitation limitations of the two varieties are seasonally different, with var. ponderosa requiring significant winter moisture and var. scopulorum requiring significant summer moisture. Great Basin mountain ranges are too cold at higher elevations to support either variety of ponderosa pine, and at lower elevations are too dry in summer for var. scopulorum and too dry in winter for var. ponderosa. Main conclusions The classification tree analysis indicates that var. ponderosa is ecologically as well as genetically distinct from var. scopulorum. Ecological differences may maintain genetic separation in spite of a limited zone of introgression between the two varieties in western Montana. Two hypotheses about past and future movements of ponderosa pine emerge from our analyses. The first hypothesis is that, during the last glacial period, colder and/or drier summers truncated most of the range of var. scopulorum in the central Rockies, but had less dramatic effects on the more maritime and winter-wet distribution of var. ponderosa. The second hypothesis is that, all other factors held constant, increasing summer temperatures in the future should produce changes in the distribution of var. scopulorum that are likely to involve range expansions in the central Rockies with the warming of mountain ranges currently too cold but sufficiently wet in summer for var. scopulorum. Finally, our results underscore the growing need to focus on genotypes in biogeographical modelling and ecological forecasting. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Norris, JR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jnorris@uwyo.edu NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 33 IS 2 BP 342 EP 360 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01396.x PG 19 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 004GY UT WOS:000234741200014 ER PT J AU Ayotte, JD Baris, D Cantor, KP Colt, J Robinson, GR Lubin, JH Karagas, M Hoover, RN Fraumeni, JF Silverman, DT AF Ayotte, JD Baris, D Cantor, KP Colt, J Robinson, GR Lubin, JH Karagas, M Hoover, RN Fraumeni, JF Silverman, DT TI Bladder cancer mortality and private well use in New England: an ecological study SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RURAL NEW-ENGLAND; DRINKING-WATER; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; EXPOSURE; REGION AB Study objective: To investigate the possible relation between bladder cancer mortality among white men and women and private water use in New England, USA, where rates have been persistently raised and use of private water supplies (wells) common. Design: Ecological study relating age adjusted cancer mortality rates for white men and women during 1985 - 1999 and proportion of persons using private water supplies in 1970. After regressing mortality rates on population density, Pearson correlation coefficients were computed between residual rates and the proportion of the population using private water supplies, using the state economic area as the unit of calculation. Calculations were conducted within each of 10 US regions. Setting: The 504 state economic areas of the contiguous United States. Participants: Mortality analysis of 11 cancer sites, with the focus on bladder cancer. Main results: After adjusting for the effect of population density, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between residual bladder cancer mortality rates and private water supply use among both men and women in New England (men, r = 0.42; women, r = 0.48) and New York/ New Jersey (men, r = 0.49; women, r = 0.62). Conclusions: Use of well water from private sources, or a close correlate, may be an explanatory variable for the excess bladder cancer mortality in New England. Analytical studies are underway to clarify the relation between suspected water contaminants, particularly arsenic, and raised bladder cancer rates in northern New England. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Geol Survey, New Hampshire Vermont Water Sci Ctr, Pembroke, NH USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Sch Med, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. RP Cantor, KP (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, DHHS, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS-8106, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM cantork@nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD FEB PY 2006 VL 60 IS 2 BP 168 EP 172 DI 10.1136/jech.2005.038620 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 002ZR UT WOS:000234651900017 PM 16415269 ER PT J AU Iwanowicz, LR Lerner, DT Blazer, VS Mccormick, SD AF Iwanowicz, LR Lerner, DT Blazer, VS Mccormick, SD TI Effects of aqueous exposure to Aroclor 1254 on smolt development and immune function in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Head & Neck Soc C1 Univ Massachusetts, USGS, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Leetown, WV USA. Univ Massachusetts, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM Luke-Iwanowicz@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1548-8969 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 305A IS 2 BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012MX UT WOS:000235344400122 ER PT J AU Lafiandra, EM Babbitt, KJ Pinkney, E Sower, SA AF Lafiandra, EM Babbitt, KJ Pinkney, E Sower, SA TI Survival, development gonadal histology, and reproductive steroidogenesis of anurans exposed to potential endocrine disrupting contaminants present at great bay national wildlife refuge SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Head & Neck Soc C1 Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laurel, MD USA. EM elent@cisunix.unh.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1548-8969 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 305A IS 2 BP 145 EP 145 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012MX UT WOS:000235344400157 ER PT J AU Sakamoto, T McCormick, SD AF Sakamoto, T McCormick, SD TI Prolactin and growth hormone in fish osmoregulation SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Head & Neck Soc C1 Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. USGS, Turners Falls, MA USA. EM ryu@uml.okayama-u.ac.jp NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1548-8969 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 305A IS 2 BP 173 EP 173 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012MX UT WOS:000235344400266 ER PT J AU Grobler, PJ Jones, JW Johnson, NA Beaty, B Struthers, J Neves, RJ Hallerman, EM AF Grobler, PJ Jones, JW Johnson, NA Beaty, B Struthers, J Neves, RJ Hallerman, EM TI Patterns of genetic differentiation and conservation of the slabside pearlymussel, Lexingtonia dolabelloides (Lea, 1840) in the Tennessee River drainage SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; FORK HOLSTON RIVER; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; FAUNA; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AB The restoration and recovery of imperiled mussel species will require the re-establishment of populations into historically occupied habitats. The possible existence of genetic differentiation among populations should be considered before inter-basin transfers are made. Eighty individuals of the federal candidate species Lexingtonia dolabelloides were sampled from populations in the North Fork Holston, Middle Fork Holston, Clinch, Paint Rock and Duck rivers of the Tennessee River basin in the southeastern United States. We sequenced 603 base-pairs of a mitochondrial DNA gene (ND-1) and 512 base-pairs of a nuclear DNA gene (ITS-1). Analyses of molecular variation (AMOVA) values for both genes indicated that the majority of variation in L. dolabelloides resided within populations (82.9-88.3%), with 11.7-17.1% of variation among populations. Haplotype frequencies differed significantly among populations for both genes sequenced. Clustering of haplotypes in minimum-spanning networks did not conform stringently to population boundaries, reflecting high within-population and low between-population variability. Maximum parsimony analysis did not identify any population as a monophyletic lineage. A Mantel test showed no significant correlation between geographical stream distance and genetic distance, thus not supporting a pattern of isolation-by-distance. Overall, results provided support to manage fragmented populations of L. dolabelloides in the Tennessee River drainage as two management units (MUs), but did not provide evidence for the existence of ESUs following published molecular criteria. C1 Univ Limpopo, Sch Mol & Life Sci, Dept Biodivers, Sovenga, South Africa. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Nature Conservancy, Abingdon, VA 24210 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Grobler, PJ (reprint author), Univ Limpopo, Sch Mol & Life Sci, Dept Biodivers, P Bag X1106, Sovenga, South Africa. EM paulg@ul.ac.za OI Johnson, Nathan/0000-0001-5167-1988 NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 72 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1093/mollus/eyi055 PN 1 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 011TF UT WOS:000235290300005 ER PT J AU Poland, M Hamburger, M Newman, A AF Poland, M Hamburger, M Newman, A TI The changing shapes of active volcanoes: History, evolution, and future challenges for volcano geodesy SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; LONG-VALLEY-CALDERA; ELASTIC HALF-SPACE; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SURFACE DEFORMATION; GROUND MOVEMENT; CAMPI FLEGREI; EARTHQUAKE; ERUPTION; CALIFORNIA C1 US Geol Survey, Hawaiin Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Poland, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiin Volcano Observ, Crater Rim Dr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM mpoland@usgs.gov; hamburg@indiana.edu; andrew.newman@eas.gatech.edu RI Newman, Andrew/E-7682-2012; OI Newman, Andrew/0000-0001-7414-1197; Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 NR 88 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 150 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.11.005 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 016AR UT WOS:000235593400003 ER PT J AU Poland, M Newman, A AF Poland, M Newman, A TI Dedication: Robert Decker 1927-2005 SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Hawaiin Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Poland, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiin Volcano Observ, Crater Rim Dr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM mpoland@usgs.gov; andrew.newman@eas.gatech.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 150 IS 1-3 BP VII EP VIII DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.11.004 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 016AR UT WOS:000235593400001 ER PT J AU Poland, M Newman, A AF Poland, M Newman, A TI Dedication: Daniel J. Johnson 1959-2005 SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Hawaiin Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Poland, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiin Volcano Observ, Crater Rim Dr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM mpoland@usgs.gov; andrew.newman@eas.gatech.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 150 IS 1-3 BP IX EP X DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.11.006 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 016AR UT WOS:000235593400002 ER PT J AU Dzurisin, D Lisowski, M Wicks, CW Poland, MP Endo, ET AF Dzurisin, D Lisowski, M Wicks, CW Poland, MP Endo, ET TI Geodetic observations and modeling of magmatic inflation at the Three Sisters volcanic center, central Oregon Cascade Range, USA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Three Sisters; volcanology; geodesy; radar methods; monitoring; modeling ID LONG VALLEY CALDERA; ELASTIC HALF-SPACE; 7.1 HECTOR MINE; DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SURFACE DEFORMATION; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; SATELLITE RADAR; CALIFORNIA; GPS AB Tumescence at the Three Sisters volcanic center began sometime between summer 1996 and summer 1998 and was discovered in April 2001 using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). Swelling is centered about 5 km west of the summit of South Sister, a composite basaltic-andesite to rhyolite volcano that last erupted between 2200 and 2000 yr ago, and it affects an area similar to 20 kin in diameter within the Three Sisters Wilderness. Yearly InSAR observations show that the average maximum displacement rate was 3-5 cm/yr through summer 2001, and the velocity of a continuous GPS station within the deforming area was essentially constant from June 2001 to June 2004. The background level of seismic activity has been low, suggesting that temperatures in the source region are high enough or the strain rate has been low enough to favor plastic deformation over brittle failure. A swarm of about 300 small earthquakes (M-max = 1.9) in the northeast quadrant of the deforming area on March 23-26, 2004, was the first notable seismicity in the area for at least two decades. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established tilt-leveling and EDM networks at South Sister in 1985-1986, resurveyed them in 2001. the latter with GPS, and extended them to cover more of the deforming area. The 2001 tilt-leveling results are consistent with the inference drawn from InSAR that the current deformation episode did not start before 1996, i.e., the amount of deformation during 1995-2001 from InSAR fully accounts for the net tilt at South Sister during 1985-2001 from tilt-leveling. Subsequent InSAR, GPS, and leveling observations constrain the source location, geometry, and inflation rate as a function of time. A best-fit source model derived from simultaneous inversion of all three datasets is a dipping sill located 6.5 +/- 2.5 km below the surface with a volume increase of 5.0 x 10(6) +/- 1.5 x 10(6) m(3)/yr (95% confidence limits). The most likely cause of tumescence is a pulse of basaltic magma intruding the upper crust along the brittle-ductile interface - a process that must occur episodically beneath the Cascade Range but in the past would have escaped detection in the absence of unusual seismicity. We speculate that such intrusive episodes last from days to years and are separated by quiescent periods of decades to centuries. The likelihood that the current episode at Three Sisters will culminate in an eruption is judged to be low, but the impact of an eruption could be great. The USGS has updated its volcano hazards assessment for the Three Sisters region, notified appropriate agencies and the public, and is helping to prepare an emergency coordination and communication plan. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dzurisin, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM dzurisin@usgs.gov OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 NR 46 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 150 IS 1-3 BP 35 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.011 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 016AR UT WOS:000235593400005 ER PT J AU Poland, M Burgmann, R Dzunisin, D Lisowski, M Masterlark, T Owen, S Fink, J AF Poland, M Burgmann, R Dzunisin, D Lisowski, M Masterlark, T Owen, S Fink, J TI Constraints on the mechanism of long-term, steady subsidence at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GPS; leveling; InSAR; volcano deformation; subsidence; Medicine Lake volcano ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ALKALINE SERIES LAVAS; SIERRA-NEVADA BLOCK; SHEAR ZONE; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; FORE-ARC; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; MAGMA ACCUMULATION AB Leveling surveys across Medicine Lake volcano (MLV) have documented subsidence that is centered on the summit caldera. and decays symmetrically on the flanks of the edifice. Possible mechanisms for this deformation include fluid withdrawal from a subsurface reservoir, cooling/crystallization of subsurface magma, loading by the volcano and dense intrusions, and crustal thinning due to tectonic extension (Dzurisin et al., 1991 [Dzurisin, D., Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., Evans, JR., Walter, S.R., 1991. Crustal subsidence, seismicity, and structure near Medicine Lake Volcano, California. Journal of Geophysical Research 96, 16, 319-16, 333.]; Dzurisin et al., 2002 [Dzurisin, D., Poland, M.P., Burgmann, R., 2002. Steady subsidence of Medicine Lake Volcano, Northern California, revealed by repeated leveling surveys. Journal of Geophysical Research 107, 2372, doi:10.1029/ 2001JB000893.]). InSAR data that approximate vertical displacements are similar to the leveling results; however, vertical deformation data alone are not sufficient to distinguish between source mechanisms. Horizontal displacements from GPS were collected in the Mt. Shasta/MLV region in 1996, 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2004. These results suggest that the region is part of the western Oregon block that is rotating about an Euler pole in eastern Oregon. With this rotation removed, most sites in the network have negligible velocities except for those near MLV caldera. There, measured horizontal velocities are less than predicted from similar to 10 km deep point and dislocation sources of volume loss based on the leveling data; therefore volumetric losses simulated by these sources are probably not causing the observed subsidence at MLV. This result demonstrates that elastic models of subsurface volume change can provide misleading results where additional geophysical and geological constraints are unavailable, or if only vertical deformation is known. The deformation source must be capable of causing broad vertical deformation with comparatively smaller horizontal displacements. Thermoelastic contraction of a column of hot rock beneath the volcano cannot reproduce the observed ratio of vertical to horizontal surface displacements. Models that determine deformation due to loading by the volcano and dense intrusions can be made to fit the pattern of vertical displacements by assuming a weak upper crust beneath MLV, though the subsidence rates due to surface loading must be lower than the observed displacements. Tectonic extension is almost certainly occurring based on fault orientations and focal mechanisms, but does not appear to be a major contributor to the observed deformation. We favor a model that includes a combination of sources, including extension and loading of a hot weak crust with thermal contraction of a cooling mass of rock beneath MLV, which are processes that are probably occurring at MLV. Future microgravity surveys and the planned deployment of an array of continuous GPS stations as part of a Plate Boundary Observatory volcano cluster will help to refine this model. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USGS, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USGS, EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP USGS, Hawaiin Volcano Observ, 1 Crater Rim Dr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM mpoland@usgs.gov; burgmann@seismo.berkeley.edu; dzurisin@usgs.gov; mlisowski@usgs.gov; masterlark@geo.ua.edu; owen@terra.use.edu; jon.fink@asu.edu OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 NR 95 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 150 IS 1-3 BP 55 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.007 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 016AR UT WOS:000235593400006 ER PT J AU Moran, SC Kwoun, O Masterlark, T Lu, Z AF Moran, SC Kwoun, O Masterlark, T Lu, Z TI On the absence of InSAR-detected volcano deformation spanning the 1995-1996 and 1999 eruptions of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE satellite interferometry; volcano deformation; deformation modeling; magma ascent rates; Shishaldin Volcano; Aleutian Islands ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; WESTDAHL VOLCANO; ALEUTIAN ARC; SURFACE; ISLAND AB Shishaldin Volcano, a large, frequently active basaltic-andesite volcano located on Unimak Island in the Aleutian Arc of Alaska, had a minor eruption in 1995-1996 and a VEI 3 sub-Plinian basaltic eruption in 1999. We used 21 synthetic aperture radar images acquired by ERS-1, ERS-2, JERS-1, and RADARSAT-1 satellites to construct 12 coherent interferograms that span most of the 1993-2003 time interval. All interferograms lack coherence within similar to 5 km of the summit, primarily due to persistent snow and ice cover on the edifice. Remarkably, in the 5-15 km distance range where interferograms are coherent, the InSAR images show no intrusion or withdrawal-related deformation at Shishaldin during this entire time period. However, several InSAR images do show deformation associated with a shallow M-L 5.2 earthquake located similar to 14 km west of Shishaldin that occurred 6 weeks before. the 1999 eruption. We use a. theoretical model to predict deformation magnitudes due to a volumetric expansion source having a volume equivalent to, the 1999 erupted volume, and find that deformation magnitudes for sources shallower than 1.0 km are within the expected, detection capabilities for interferograms generated from C-band ERS 1/2 and RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar images. We also find that InSAR images cannot resolve relatively shallow deformation sources (1-2 km below sea level) due to spatial gaps in the InSAR images caused by lost coherence. The lack of any deformation, particularly for the 1999 eruption, leads us to speculate that magma feeding eruptions at the summit moves rapidly (at least 80m/day) from > 10 km depth, and that the intrusion-eruption cycle at Shishaldin does not produce significant permanent deformation at the surface. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Moran, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct,Bldg 10, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM smoran@usgs.gov; okwoun@usgs.gov; masterlark@geo.ua.edu; lu@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 150 IS 1-3 BP 119 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.013 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 016AR UT WOS:000235593400009 ER PT J AU Masterlark, T Zhong, L Rykhus, R AF Masterlark, T Zhong, L Rykhus, R TI Thickness distribution of a cooling pyroclastic flow deposit on Augustine Volcano, Alaska: Optimization using InSAR, FEW and an adaptive mesh algorithm SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE finite element analysis; interferometry; deformation; thermoelastic properties; volcano ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; MOUNT-ST-AUGUSTINE; LAVA FLOWS; INTERFEROMETRY; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE; ERUPTION; ISLAND; FAULT; FIELD AB Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) imagery documents the consistent subsidence, during the interval 19921999, of a pyroclastic flow deposit (PFD) emplaced during the 1986 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska. We construct finite element models (FEMs) that simulate thermoelastic contraction of the PFD to account for the observed subsidence. Three-dimensional problem domains of the FEMs include a thermoelastic PFD embedded in an elastic substrate. The thickness of the PFD is initially determined from the difference between post- and pre-eruption digital elevation models (DEMs). The initial excess temperature of the PFD at the time of deposition, 640 degrees C, is estimated from FEM predictions and an InSAR image via standard least-squares inverse methods. Although the FEM predicts the major features of the observed transient deformation, systematic prediction errors (RMSE = 2.2 cm) are most likely associated with errors in the a priori PFD thickness distribution estimated from the DEM differences. We combine an InSAR image, FEMs, and an adaptive mesh algorithm to iteratively optimize the geometry of the PFD with respect to a minimized misfit between the predicted thermoelastic deformation and observed deformation. Prediction errors from an FEM, which includes an optimized PFD geometry and the initial excess PFD temperature estimated from the least-squares analysis, are sub-millimeter (RMSE = 0.3 mm). The average thickness (9.3 m), maximum thickness (126 m), and volume (2.1 x 10(7) M) of the PFD, estimated using the adaptive mesh algorithm, are about twice as large as the respective estimations for the a priori PFD geometry. Sensitivity analyses suggest unrealistic PFD thickness distributions are required for initial excess PFD temperatures outside of the range 500-800 degrees C. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. USGS, SAIC, Natl Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM masterlark@geo.ua.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 150 IS 1-3 BP 186 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.004 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 016AR UT WOS:000235593400013 ER PT J AU Taft, OW Haig, SM AF Taft, OW Haig, SM TI Importance of wetland landscape structure to shorebirds wintering in an agricultural valley SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dunlin (Calidris alpina); habitat use; Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus); landscape context; landscape planning; Oregon; wetland conservation; Willamette Valley ID FRANCISCO BAY ESTUARY; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; HABITAT PREFERENCES; WESTERN SANDPIPERS; WILLAMETTE-VALLEY; CONSERVATION; BIRDS; POPULATIONS; OREGON; REGION AB Only recently has the influence of landscape structure on habitat use been a research focus in wetland systems. During non-breeding periods when food can be locally limited, wetland spatial pattern across a landscape may be of great importance in determining wetland use. We studied the influence of landscape structure on abundances of wintering Dunlin (Calidris alpina) and Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) observed on wetlands in the agricultural Willamette Valley of Oregon, USA, during two winters (1999-2000, 2000-2001) of differing rainfall. We examined (1) shorebird use within a sample of 100 km(2) regions differing in landscape structure (hectares of shorebird habitat [wet, unvegetated]) and (2) use of sites differing in landscape context (area of shorebird habitat within a species-defined radius). For use of sites, we also assessed the influence of two local characteristics: percent of soil exposed and area of wet habitat. We analyzed data using linear regression and information-theoretic modeling. During the dry winter (2000-2001), Dunlin were attracted to regions with more wetland habitat and their abundances at sites increased with greater area of shorebird habitat within both the site and the surrounding landscape. In contrast, Dunlin abundances at sites were related to availability of habitat at only a local scale during the wet winter (1999-2000). Regional habitat availability was of little importance in predicting Killdeer distributions, and Killdeer site use appeared unrelated to habitat distributions at both landscape and local scales. Results suggest prioritizing sites for conservation that are located in areas with high wetland coverage. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Taft, OW (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM oriane_taft@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 169 EP 184 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-0146-5 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 019WC UT WOS:000235866400002 ER PT J AU Piochi, M Ayuso, RA De Vivo, B Somma, R AF Piochi, M Ayuso, RA De Vivo, B Somma, R TI Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence SO LITHOS LA English DT Article DE Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano; Sr isotopes; geochemistry; crustal contamination; mantle source; phenocryst entrapment ID ENERGY-CONSTRAINED ASSIMILATION; BASE PLINIAN ERUPTION; SEISMIC EVIDENCE; VOLATILE CONTENT; FLUID INCLUSION; MELT INCLUSIONS; MOUNT VESUVIUS; TYRRHENIAN SEA; ND-PB; CHAMBER AB New major and trace element analyses and Sr-isotope determinations of rocks from Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano produced from 25 ky BP to 1944 AD are part of an extensive database documenting the geochemical evolution of this classic region. Volcanic rocks include silica undersaturated, potassic and ultrapotassic lavas and tephras characterized by variable mineralogy and different crystal abundance, as well as by wide ranges of trace element contents and a wide span of initial Sr-isotopic compositions. Both the degree of undersaturation in silica and the crystal content increase through time, being higher in rocks produced after the eruption at 472 AD (Pollena eruption). Compositional variations have been generally thought to reflect contributions from diverse types of mantle and crust. Magma mixing is commonly invoked as a fundamental process affecting the magmas, in addition to crystal fractionation. Our assessment of geochemical and Sr-isotopic data indicates that compositional variability also reflects the influence of crustal contamination during magma evolution during upward migration to shallow crustal levels and/or by entrapment of crystal mush generated during previous magma storage in the crust. Using a variant of the assimilation fractional crystallization model (Energy Conservation-Assimilation Fractional Crystallization; [Spera and Bohrson, 2001. Energy-constrained open-system magmatic processes I: General model and energy-constrained assimilation and fractional crystallization (EC-AFC) formulation. J. Petrol. 999-1018]; [Bohrson, W.A. and Spera, F.J., 2001. Energy-constrained open-system magmatic process II: application of energy-constrained assimilation-fractional crystallization (EC-AFC) model to magmatic systems. J. Petrol. 1019-1041]) we estimated the contributions from the crust and suggest that contamination by carbonate rocks that underlie the volcano (2 km down to 9-10 km) is a fundamental process controlling magma compositions at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius in the last 8 ky BP. Contamination in the mid- to upper crust occurred repeatedly, after the magma chamber waxed with influx of new mantle- and crustal-derived magmas and fluids, and waned as a result of magma withdrawal and production of large and energetic plinian and subplinian eruptions. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Osserv Vesuviano, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Naples, Italy. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Geofis & Vulcanol, Naples, Italy. RP Piochi, M (reprint author), Osserv Vesuviano, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Naples, Italy. EM piochi@ov.ingv.it RI Somma, Renato/G-5976-2014 OI Somma, Renato/0000-0002-2227-6054 NR 97 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD FEB PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3-4 BP 303 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2005.05.009 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 013KR UT WOS:000235408700007 ER PT J AU Duan, ZH Sun, R Zhu, C Chou, IM AF Duan, ZH Sun, R Zhu, C Chou, IM TI An improved model for the calculation of CO2 solubility in aqueous solutions containing Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42- SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CO2; solubility; aqueous solution; CO2 sequestration; fluid flow simulation ID CARBON-DIOXIDE-WATER; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; HIGH-PRESSURE; MUTUAL SOLUBILITIES; LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; HIGH TEMPERATURES; GAS SOLUBILITY; NACL SOLUTIONS; ACETIC-ACID; PURE WATER AB An improved model is presented for the calculation of the solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions containing Na+, K+, Cal(+), Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42- in a wide temperature-pressure-ionic strength range (from 273 to 533 K, from 0 to 2000 bar, and from 0 to 4.5 rnolality of salts) with experimental accuracy. The improvements over the previous model [Duan, Z. and Sun, R., 2003. An improved model calculating CO2 solubility in pure water and aqueous NaCl solutions from 273 to 533K and from 0 to 2000 bar. Chemical Geology, 193: 257-271] include: (1) By developing a non-iterative equation to replace the original equation of state in the calculation of CO2 fugacity coefficients, the new model is at least twenty times computationally faster and can be easily adapted to numerical reaction-flow simulator for such applications as CO, sequestration and (2) By fitting to the new solubility data, the new model improved the accuracy below 288 K from 6% to about 3% of uncertainty but still retains the high accuracy of the original model above 288 K. We comprehensively evaluate all experimental CO, solubility data. Compared with these data, this model not only reproduces all the reliable data used for the parameterization but also predicts the data that were not used in the parameterization. In order to facilitate the application to CO2 sequestration, we also predicted CO2 solubility in seawater at two-phase coexistence (vapor-liquid or liquid-liquid) and at three-phase coexistence (CO2 hydrate-liquid water-vapor CO2 [or liquid CO2]). The improved model is programmed and can be downloaded from the website http://www.geochem-model.org/programs.htm. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM duanzhenhao@yahoo.com RI Zhu, Chen/A-5356-2010; OI Zhu, Chen/0000-0001-5374-6787; Sun, Rui/0000-0001-7291-327X NR 60 TC 215 Z9 227 U1 7 U2 85 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2-4 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2005.09.001 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 007DX UT WOS:000234949600003 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, K Paytan, A Kendall, C Silva, S AF McLaughlin, K Paytan, A Kendall, C Silva, S TI Oxygen isotopes of phosphatic compounds - Application for marine particulate matter, sediments and soils SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE oxygen isotopes; phosphate; marine particulate matter; marine sediment; soils ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; PHOSPHORUS; WATER; DELTA-O-18; EXCHANGE; APATITES AB The phosphate oxygen isotopic composition in naturally occurring particulate phosphatic compounds (delta(18)O(p)) can be used as a tracer for phosphate sources and to evaluate the cycling of phosphorus (P) in the environment. However, phosphatic compounds must be converted to silver phosphate prior to isotopic analysis, a process that involves digestion of particulate matter in acid. This digestion will hydrolyze some of the phosphatic compounds such that oxygen from the acid solution will be incorporated into the sample as these phosphatic compounds are converted to orthophosphate (PO43-). To determine the extent of incorporation of reagent oxygen into the sample, we digested various phosphatic compounds in both acid amended with (H2O)-O-18 (spiked) and unspiked acid and then converted the samples to silver phosphate for delta O-18(p) analysis. Our results indicate that there is no isotopic fractionation associated with acid digestion at 50 degrees C. Furthermore, we found that reagent oxygen incorporation is a function of the oxygen to phosphorus ratio (O:P) of the digested compound whereby the percentage of reagent oxygen incorporated into the sample is the same as that which is required to convert all of the P-compounds into orthophosphate. Based on these results, we developed a correction for reagent oxygen incorporation using simple mass balance, a procedure that allows for the determination of the delta(18)O(p) of samples containing a mixture of phosphatic compounds. We analyzed a variety of environmental samples for delta(18)O(p) to demonstrate the utility of this approach for understanding sources and cycling of P. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM karenmcl@pangea.stanford.edu; apaytan@pangea.stanford.edu; ckendall@usgs.gov; srsilva@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2-4 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2005.09.004 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 007DX UT WOS:000234949600005 ER PT J AU Grossman, EE Barnhardt, W Hart, P Richmond, BM Field, ME AF Grossman, EE Barnhardt, W Hart, P Richmond, BM Field, ME TI Shelf stratigraphy and the influence of antecedent substrate on Holocene reef development, south Oahu, Hawaii SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE shelf; reef; seismic-reflection; Holocene; Oahu; Hawaii ID KAILUA BAY; CORAL-REEFS; GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY; HISTORY; MODEL; AGE AB Paired analyses of drill cores and high-resolution seismic reflection data show that development of Holocene framework reefs on the Oahu (Hawaii) shelf is limited to settings of low wave energy and to the period 8000 to 3000 yr BP. A prominent bounding surface that is mapped across much of the Oahu shelf is an erosion surface cut into Marine Isotope Stages 5 and 7 limestones that show extensive loss of primary porosity, aragonite, and MgCO3 owing to meteoric and vaclose-zone diagenesis. This acoustic reflector is found exposed at the surface where wave energy is high or in the shallow subsurface below Holocene reef and sand sheet deposits where energy is low. Ship-towed video along 30 kin of the shelf reveals a steady decrease in limestone accumulation from offshore of Honolulu southeast to Koko Head where the seafloor is characterized by volcanic pavement and/or thin sand deposits. This may reflect the build-up of late Pleistocene volcanics associated with the Hanauma Bay eruption (30,000-7000 yr BP) that now comprise the substrate in depths shallow enough to limit reef accretion. The absence of significant Holocene reef build-up on the south Oahu shelf is consistent with observations from north-facing coasts that lack Holocene reefs, indicating that Holocene reef formation in Hawaii is complex and patchy. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM egrossman@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 226 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.09.012 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 011MK UT WOS:000235272200007 ER PT J AU Baeseman, JL Smith, RL Silverstein, J AF Baeseman, JL Smith, RL Silverstein, J TI Denitrification potential in stream sediments impacted by acid mine drainage: Effects of pH, various electron donors, and iron SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDUCING MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; AUTOTROPHIC DENITRIFICATION; NITRATE REDUCTION; NITROGEN REMOVAL; ORGANIC-CARBON; FOREST SOIL; WASTE-WATER; NITRITE; N2O; CHEMISTRY AB Acid mine drainage (AMD) contaminates thousands of kilometers of stream in the western United States. At the same time, nitrogen loading to many mountain watersheds is increasing because of atmospheric deposition of nitrate and increased human use. Relatively little is known about nitrogen cycling in acidic, heavy-metal-laden streams; however, it has been reported that one key process, denitrification, is inhibited under low pH conditions. The objective of this research was to investigate the capacity for denitrification in acidified streams. Denitrification potential was assessed in sediments from several Colorado AMD-impacted streams, ranging from pH 2.60 to 4.54, using microcosm incubations with fresh sediment. Added nitrate was immediately reduced to nitrogen gas without a lag period, indicating that denitrification enzymes were expressed and functional in these systems. First-order denitrification potential rate constants varied from 0.046 to 2.964 day(-1). The pH of the microcosm water increased between 0.23 and 1.49 pH units during denitrification. Additional microcosm studies were conducted to examine the effects of initial pH, various electron donors, and iron (added as ferrous and ferric iron). Decreasing initial pH decreased denitrification; however, increasing pH had little effect on denitrification rates. The addition of ferric and ferrous iron decreased observed denitrification potential rate constants. The addition of glucose and natural organic matter stimulated denitrification potential. The addition of hydrogen had little effect, however, and denitrification activity in the microcosms decreased after acetate addition. These results suggest that denitrification can occur in AMD streams, and if stimulated within the environment, denitrification might reduce acidity. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Baeseman, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM baeseman@princeton.edu RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125 NR 45 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 232 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s00248-005-5155-z PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 015HY UT WOS:000235543700010 PM 16463131 ER PT J AU Pearce, JM AF Pearce, JM TI Minding the gap: frequency of indels in mtDNA control region sequence data and influence on population genetic analyses SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE control region; gap; indel; mtDNA; population genetics ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONSERVATION GENETICS; NUCLEAR GENE; POSTGLACIAL COLONIZATION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; CHLOROPLAST GENOME; NORTHERN EUROPE; RELATIVE RATES; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AB Insertions and deletions (indels) result in sequences of various lengths when homologous gene regions are compared among individuals or species. Although indels are typically phylogenetically informative, occurrence and incorporation of these characters as gaps in intraspecific population genetic data sets are rarely discussed. Moreover, the impact of gaps on estimates of fixation indices, such as F-ST, has not been reviewed. Here, I summarize the occurrence and population genetic signal of indels among 60 published studies that involved alignments of multiple sequences from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of vertebrate taxa. Among 30 studies observing indels, an average of 12% of both variable and parsimony-informative sites were composed of these sites. There was no consistent trend between levels of population differentiation and the number of gap characters in a data block. Across all studies, the average influence on estimates of Phi(ST) was small, explaining only an additional 1.8% of among population variance (range 0.0-8.0%). Studies most likely to observe an increase in Phi(ST) with the inclusion of gap characters were those with < 20 variable sites, but a near equal number of studies with few variable sites did not show an increase. In contrast to studies at interspecific levels, the influence of indels for intraspecific population genetic analyses of control region DNA appears small, dependent upon total number of variable sites in the data block, and related to species-specific characteristics and the spatial distribution of mtDNA lineages that contain indels. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM john_pearce@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 333 EP 341 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02781.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 008MS UT WOS:000235045500004 PM 16448404 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB Hale, RS Vanni, MJ Stein, RA AF Bunnell, DB Hale, RS Vanni, MJ Stein, RA TI Predicting crappie recruitment in Ohio reservoirs with spawning stock size, larval density, and chlorophyll concentrations SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BLACK CRAPPIE; WHITE CRAPPIE; LAKE; ZOOPLANKTON; GROWTH; POPULATION; WALLEYE; MODEL; FISH; PRODUCTIVITY AB Stock-recruit models typically use only spawning stock size as a predictor of recruitment to a fishery. In this paper, however, we used spawning stock size as well as larval density and key environmental variables to predict recruitment of white crappies Pomoxis annularis and black crappies P. nigromaculatus, a genus notorious for variable recruitment. We sampled adults and recruits from 11 Ohio reservoirs and larvae from 9 reservoirs during 1998-2001. We sampled chlorophyll as an index of reservoir productivity and obtained daily estimates of water elevation to determine the impact of hydrology on recruitment. Akaike's information criterion (AIC) revealed that Ricker and Beverton-Holt stock-recruit models that included chlorophyll best explained the variation in larval density and age-2 recruits. Specifically, spawning stock catch per effort (CPE) and chlorophyll explained 63-64% of the variation in larval density. In turn, larval density and chlorophyll explained 43-49% of the variation in age-2 recruit CPE. Finally, spawning stock CPE and chlorophyll were the best predictors of recruit CPE (i.e., 74-86%). Although larval density and recruitment increased with chlorophyll, neither was related to seasonal water elevation. Also, the AIC generally did not distinguish between Ricker and Beverton-Holt models. From these relationships, we concluded that crappie recruitment can be limited by spawning stock CPE and larval production when spawning stock sizes are low (i.e., CPE < 5 crappies/net-night). At higher levels of spawning stock sizes, spawning stock CPE and recruitment were less clearly related. To predict recruitment in Ohio reservoirs, managers should assess spawning stock CPE with trap nets and estimate chlorophyll concentrations. To increase crappie recruitment in reservoirs where recruitment is consistently poor, managers should use regulations to increase spawning stock size, which, in turn, should increase larval production and recruits to the fishery. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife Inland Fish Res Unit, Hebron, OH 43025 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45069 USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1577/M04-207.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 027QP UT WOS:000236430500001 ER PT J AU Hetrick, NJ Bromaghin, JF AF Hetrick, NJ Bromaghin, JF TI Sampling bias of hook-and-line gear used to capture rainbow trout in Gertrude Creek, Alaska SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID GROWTH AB Hook-and-line gear is commonly used for monitoring the size and abundance of resident fish populations in southwest Alaska. The selectivity of the gear, however, may contribute to bias in the catch, making it difficult to detect changes in population structure over time. This study assessed the potential bias in sampling a population of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with angling gear. A bidirectional weir was operated on Gertrude Creek from 1997 to 1999 to intercept the annual upstream spring migration of rainbow trout into the stream. Captured fish were measured and tagged to establish a population of marked individuals with a known length distribution above the weir. The marked population was then sampled with angling gear on three occasions during each of three summers. A variety of terminal tackle was used, and types were selected to maximize the catch of rainbow trout. Size selectivity was evaluated by use of an exact Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test of the hypothesis that the length distribution of all marked fish was equivalent to that of the subset of marked fish recaptured by anglers during a single recapture event. Test results were not significant for any of the recapture events, providing strong evidence that length selectivity did not exist for fish within the size range of the marked population. An exact KS test was also used to test length distribution equality between the marked population and all fish captured during an angling event. All of these KS tests were significant, suggesting that the marked group was a size-biased subset of the rainbow trout population in the drainage. The results of this study support the use of angling gear as a potentially viable sampling method for monitoring the size composition of rainbow trout in small southwest Alaskan streams. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, King Salmon Fish & Wildlife Field Off, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Habitat Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Hetrick, NJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM nick_hetrick@fws.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1577/M04-152.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 027QP UT WOS:000236430500002 ER PT J AU Sylvester, RM Berry, CR AF Sylvester, RM Berry, CR TI Comparison of white sucker age estimates from scales, pectoral fin rays, and otoliths SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID CALCIFIED STRUCTURES; VALIDATION; PRECISION; GROWTH AB The ages of 229 white suckers Catostomus commersonii from six drainages in the upper Missouri River basin were estimated from scales, pectoral fin ray sections, and lapilli otolith sections to evaluate the potential bias of age estimates between structures. Age estimates were compared by calculating the coefficient of variation, average percent error, percent agreement, and percent agreement within I year, as well as by constructing age bias plots. Overall, the relative precision of age estimates from pectoral fin rays and otoliths was higher than that of age estimates from scales and otoliths, but neither pair differed in precision from scales and fin rays. The relative precision of age estimates between pairs of structures was variable both within and among drainages, and few trends could be detected. The percent agreement between structures ranged from 50.0% to 93.8% among drainages, but 9 of 18 pairs had agreement rates greater than 70.0%. Percent agreement within I year was greater than 85.0% for all pairs of structures in all drainages. Age estimates from scales underestimated the age estimates from pectoral fin rays and otoliths beyond age 3, while pectoral fin rays only slightly underestimated ages from otoliths of fish older than age 6. We recommend sectioned lapilli otoliths for estimating the age of white suckers, especially if mature individuals are present in the population and lethal collection techniques are allowed. Pectoral fin ray sections are the best nonlethal structure for estimating the age of white suckers but may underestimate the ages of fish older than 5 years. Scales remain suitable for estimating the ages of immature fish, but their use is not recommended for mature fish. This information will allow fisheries managers and researchers to select the most appropriate structure for use in future age assessment studies of white suckers and other catostomid species. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Sylvester, RM (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM wyomingfish@yahoo.com NR 34 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 24 EP 31 DI 10.1577/M04-147.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 027QP UT WOS:000236430500003 ER PT J AU Kwak, TJ Pine, WE Waters, DS AF Kwak, TJ Pine, WE Waters, DS TI Age, growth, and mortality of introduced flathead catfish in Atlantic rivers and a review of other populations SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review ID OLIVARIS AB Knowledge of individual growth and mortality rates of an introduced fish population is required to determine the success and degree of establishment as well as to predict the fish's impact on native fauna. The age and growth of flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris have been studied extensively in the species' native and introduced ranges, and estimates have varied widely. We quantified individual growth rates and age structure of three introduced flathead catfish populations in North Carolina's Atlantic slope rivers using sagittal otoliths, determined trends in growth rates over time, compared these estimates among rivers in native and introduced ranges, and determined total mortality rates for each population. Growth was significantly faster in the Northeast Cape Fear River (NECFR) than in the Lumber and Neuse rivers. Fish in the NECFR grew to a total length of 700 mm by age 7, whereas fish in the Neuse and Lumber river populations reached this length by 8 and 10 years, respectively. The growth rates of fish in all three rivers were consistently higher than those of native riverine populations, similar to those of native reservoir populations, and slower than those of other introduced riverine populations. In general, recent cohorts ( 1998-2001 year-classes) in these three rivers exhibited slower growth among all ages than did cohorts previous to the 1998 year-class. The annual total mortality rate was similar among the three rivers, ranging front 0.16 to 0.20. These mortality estimates are considerably lower than those from the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, suggesting relatively low fishing mortality for these introduced populations. Overall, flathead catfish populations in reservoirs grow faster than those in rivers, the growth rates of introduced Populations exceed those of native populations, and eastern United States populations grow faster than those in western states. Such trends constitute critical information for understanding and managing local populations. C1 N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tkwak@ncsu.edu NR 43 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1577/M04-144.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 027QP UT WOS:000236430500009 ER PT J AU Kock, TJ Congleton, JL Anders, PJ AF Kock, TJ Congleton, JL Anders, PJ TI Effects of sediment cover on survival and development of white sturgeon embryos SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID RIVER; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; EXTINCTION; EMERGENCE; RECOVERY; TROUT; DAM AB A simple, inexpensive apparatus (embryo incubation unit [EIU]) was developed and used to assess the relationship between sediment cover (Kootenai River sediments, 97% by weight in the 0.83-mm- to 1.0-mm-diameter range) and survival of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus embryos in the laboratory. An apparatus-testing trial assessed the effects of two sediment depths (5 and 20 mm), three EIU ventilation hole sizes (4.8, 6.8, and 9.5 mm) providing three levels of intrasediment flow, and EIU location (upstream or downstream in laboratory troughs) on embryo survival at two above-substrate flow velocities (0.05 and 0.15 m/s). A second trial assessed the effects of sediment cover duration (5-mm sediment cover for 4, 7, 9, 11, or 14 d, with a ventilation hole size of 9.5 mm and a flow velocity of 0.17 m/s) on mean embryo survival and larval length and weight. In the apparatus-testing trial, embryo survival was reduced (P < 0.0001) to 0-5% under sediment covers of either 5 or 20 mm in both the higher-flow and lower-flow troughs; survival in control EIUs without sediments exceeded 80%. Survival was not significantly affected by ventilation hole size but was weakly affected by EIU location. In the second trial, embryo survival was negatively correlated (P = 0.001) with increasing duration of sediment cover and was significantly higher for embryos covered for 4 d (50% survival) or 7 d (30% survival) than for those covered for 9, 11, or 14 d (15-20% survival). Sediment cover also delayed hatch timing (P < 0.0001) and decreased mean larval length (P < 0.0001). Our results suggest that sediment cover may be an important early life stage mortality factor in rivers where white sturgeon spawn over fine-sediment substrates. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Sp Cramer & Associates, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Kock, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia River Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM tkock@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1577/M05-073.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 027QP UT WOS:000236430500015 ER PT J AU Stone, J McGree, M Whitesel, TA AF Stone, J McGree, M Whitesel, TA TI Detection of uncured visible implant elastomer tags in larval pacific lampreys SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SEA LAMPREY; METAMORPHOSIS AB Lampreys in the Columbia River basin are a conservation concern, and understanding their status is a priority among managers. Many population assessment techniques depend on the ability to tag fish so that these tags are retained for the duration of the study with minimal effect on survival. There are several methods for tagging small fishes in streams, including passive integrated transponders, cod wire tags, and visible implant elastomer (VIE) tags. Of these, VIE tags have not been extensively tested on larval or juvenile lampreys. We evaluated the performance of uncured VIE tags on ammocoetes of Pacific lampreys Lampetra tridentata in a laboratory experiment to determine tag detection and the influences of color and tag position on detection. Additionally, we examined the effects of transformation (ammocoete to macrophthalmia) on tag detection. Though survival was not specifically tested, 0 of the 84 lampreys died as a result of tagging. Tag detection was 87% after 168 d in lampreys that did not transform; in those that did transform, however, tag detection was reduced to 38%. Tag position did not affect detection, but red and orange tags were detected more consistently than green tags. Overall, uncured VIE tags can be used effectively to tag larval lampreys; however, studies that depend on long-term tag detection either should be conducted at a time when lampreys are not expected to transform or should only use ammocoetes that are not likely to transform during the study. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. Univ Portland, Portland, OR 97203 USA. RP Stone, J (reprint author), Golder Associates, 1000,940 6th Ave SW, Calgary, AB T2P 3T1, Canada. EM jennifer_stone@golder.com NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 142 EP 146 DI 10.1577/M05-046.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 027QP UT WOS:000236430500016 ER PT J AU Amadio, CJ Hubert, WA Johnson, K Oberlie, D Dufek, D AF Amadio, CJ Hubert, WA Johnson, K Oberlie, D Dufek, D TI Abundance of adult saugers across the wind river watershed, Wyoming SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID MISSOURI RIVER; RESERVOIRS AB The abundance of adult saugers Sander canadensis was estimated over 179 km of continuous lotic habitat across a watershed on the western periphery of their natural distribution in Wyoming. Three-pass depletions with raft-mounted electrofishing gear were conducted in 283 pools and runs among 19 representative reaches totaling 51 km during the late summer and fall of 2002. From 2 to 239 saugers were estimated to occur among the 19 reaches of 1.6-3.8 km in length. The estimates were extrapolated to a total population estimate (mean +/- 95% confidence interval) of 4,115 +/- 308 adult saugers over 179 kin of lotic habitat. Substantial variation in mean density (range = 1.0-32.5 fish/ha) and mean biomass (range = 0.5-16.8 kg/ha) of adult saugers in pools and runs was observed among the study reaches. Mean density and biomass were highest in river reaches with pools and runs that had maximum depths of more than 1 m, mean daily summer water temperatures exceeding 20 degrees C, and alkalinity exceeding 130 mg/L. No saugers were captured in the 39 pools or runs with maximum water depths of 0.6 m or less. Multiple-regression analysis and the information-theoretic approach were used to identify watershed-scale and instream habitat features accounting for the variation in biomass among the 244 pools and runs across the watershed with maximum depths greater than 0.6 m. Sanger biomass was greater in pools than in runs and increased as mean daily summer water temperature, maximum depth, and mean summer alkalinity increased and as dominant substrate size decreased. This study provides an estimate of adult sauger abundance and identifies habitat features associated with variation in their density and biomass across a watershed, factors important to the management of both populations and habitat. C1 US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Fish Div, Lander, WY 82520 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM whubert@uwyo.edu NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 156 EP 162 DI 10.1577/M05-092.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 027QP UT WOS:000236430500018 ER PT J AU Coggins, LG Pine, WE Walters, CJ Martell, SJD AF Coggins, LG Pine, WE Walters, CJ Martell, SJD TI Age-structured mark-recapture analysis: A virtual-population-analysis-based model for analyzing age-structured capture-recapture data SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID MORTALITY; SIZE AB We present a new model to estimate capture probabilities, survival, abundance, and recruitment using traditional Jolly-Seber capture-recapture methods within a standard fisheries Virtual population analysis framework. This approach compares the numbers of marked and unmarked fish at age captured in each year of sampling with predictions based on estimated vulnerabilities and abundance in a likelihood function. Recruitment to the earliest age at which fish can be tagged is estimated by using a virtual population analysis method to back-calculate the expected numbers of unmarked fish at risk of capture. By using information from both marked and unmarked annuals in a standard fisheries age structure framework, this approach is well suited to the sparse data situations common in long-term capture-recapture programs with variable sampling effort. C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Coggins, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM lcoggins@usgs.gov RI Walters, Carl/D-5714-2012 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1577/M05-133.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 027QP UT WOS:000236430500024 ER PT J AU Thurow, RF Peterson, JT Guzevich, JW AF Thurow, RF Peterson, JT Guzevich, JW TI Utility and validation of day and night snorkel counts for estimating bull trout abundance in first- to third-order streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; UNDERWATER OBSERVATION; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; WINTER; FISH; TRUTTA; RIVER AB Despite the widespread use of underwater observation to census stream-dwelling fishes, the accuracy of snorkeling methods has rarely been validated. We evaluated the efficiency of day and night snorkel counts for estimating the abundance of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus in 215 sites within first- to third-order streams. We used a dual-gear approach that applied multiple-pass electrofishing catch data adjusted for capture efficiency to estimate true or baseline fish abundance. Our multiple-pass electrofishing capture efficiency models were based on a prior study and used recapture data for known numbers of individually marked fish. Snorkeling efficiency was estimated by comparing day and night snorkel counts with the baseline. We also evaluated the influence of fish size and stream habitat features on snorkeling efficiency. Bull trout snorkeling efficiency was higher at night (mean = 33.2%) than during the day (mean 12.5%). Beta-binomial regression indicated that bull trout day and night snorkeling efficiencies were positively related to fish size and negatively related to stream width and habitat characteristics. Day snorkeling efficiency also was positively influenced by water temperature and nonlinearly related to underwater visibility, whereas night snorkeling efficiency was nonlinearly related to water temperature and pool abundance. Although bull trout were our target species, day and night snorkeling efficiencies combined for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and subspecies Of Cutthroat trout O. clarkii averaged 32.3% and 18.0%, respectively. Our ability to detect and accurately count fish underwater was influenced by fish size, species, time of day. and stream habitat characteristics. Although snorkeling is versatile and has many advantages over other sampling methods, the use of raw snorkel counts unadjusted for the effects of these biases will result in biased conclusions. We recommend that biologists adjust underwater count data to minimize the effect of such biases. We illustrate how to apply sampling efficiency models to validate snorkel counts. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Thurow, RF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM rthurow@fs.fed.us NR 68 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 217 EP 232 DI 10.1577/M05-054.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 027QP UT WOS:000236430500027 ER PT J AU Coggins, LG Pine, WE Walters, CJ Van Haverbeke, DR Ward, D Johnstone, HC AF Coggins, LG Pine, WE Walters, CJ Van Haverbeke, DR Ward, D Johnstone, HC TI Abundance trends and status of the little Colorado River population of humpback chub SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; GRAND-CANYON; GILA-CYPHA; MODEL; SIZE; FISH; MARK; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; ARIZONA AB The abundance of the Little Colorado River population of federally listed humpback chub Gila cypha in Grand Canyon has been monitored since the late 1980s by means of catch rate indices and capture-recapture-based abundance estimators. Analyses of data from all Sources using various methods are consistent and indicate that the adult population has declined since monitoring began. Intensive tagging led to a high proportion (> 80%) of the adult population being marked by the mid-1990s. Analysis of these data using both closed and open abundance estimation models yields results that agree with catch rate indices about the extent of the decline. Survival rates for age-2 and older fish are age dependent but apparently not time dependent. Back-calculation of recruitment using the apparent 1990s population age structure implies periods of higher recruitment in the late 1970s to early 1980s than is now the case. Our analyses indicate that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recovery criterion of stable abundance is not being met for this population. Also, there is a critical need to develop new abundance indexing and tagging methods so that early, reliable, and rapid estimates of humpback chub recruitment can be obtained to evaluate population responses to management actions designed to facilitate the restoration of Colorado River native fish communities. C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Fishery Resources Off, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Res Branch, Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. SWCA Environm Consultants, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Coggins, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM lcoggins@usgs.gov RI Walters, Carl/D-5714-2012 NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 233 EP 245 DI 10.1577/M05-075.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 027QP UT WOS:000236430500028 ER PT J AU Newingham, BA Belnap, J AF Newingham, BA Belnap, J TI Direct effects of soil amendments on field emergence and growth of the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum l. and the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE amendments; invasion; nutrients; salt; soil chemistry ID GREAT-BASIN; NITROGEN; POTASSIUM; PLANTS; GERMINATION; PHOSPHORUS; ROOTS; PRODUCTIVITY; POPULATIONS; COMPETITION AB Bromus tectorum L. is a non-native, annual grass that has invaded western North America. In SE Utah, B. tectorum generally occurs in grasslands dominated by the native perennial grass, Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth. and rarely where the natives Stipa hymenoides Roem. and Schult. and S. comata Trin. & Rupr. are dominant. This patchy invasion is likely due to differences in soil chemistry. Previous laboratory experiments investigated using soil amendments that would allow B. tectorum to germinate but would reduce B. tectorum emergence without affecting H. jamesii. For this study we selected the most successful treatments (CaCl(2), MgCl(2), NaCl and zeolite) from a previous laboratory study and applied them in the field in two different years at B. tectorum-dominated field sites. All amendments except the lowest level of CaCl(2) and zeolite negatively affected B. tectorum emergence and/or biomass. No amendments negatively affected the biomass of H. jamesii but NaCl reduced emergence. Amendment effectiveness depended on year of application and the length of time since application. The medium concentration of zeolite had the strongest negative effect on B. tectorum with little effect on H. jamesii. We conducted a laboratory experiment to determine why zeolite was effective and found it released large amounts of Na(+), adsorbed Ca(2+), and increased Zn(2+), Fe(2+), Mn(2+), Cu(2+), exchangeable Mg(2+), exchangeable K, and NH(4)(+) in the soil. Our results suggest several possible amendments to control B. tectorum. However, variability in effectiveness due to abiotic factors such as precipitation and soil type must be accounted for when establishing management plans. C1 USGS, SW Biol Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), USGS, SW Biol Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2006 VL 280 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-8551-8 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 015UF UT WOS:000235575900005 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Sirnmons, KR Kennedy, GL Ludwig, KR Groves, LT AF Muhs, DR Sirnmons, KR Kennedy, GL Ludwig, KR Groves, LT TI A cool eastern Pacific Ocean at the close of the Last Interglacial complex SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID QUATERNARY MARINE TERRACES; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; URANIUM-SERIES AGES; WAVE-CUT PLATFORMS; SEA-LEVEL; NORTH-AMERICA; SANTA-CRUZ; SOUTHWESTERN OREGON; INVERTEBRATE FAUNAS; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA AB New high-precision thermal ionization mass-spectrometric (TIMS) U-series ages of solitary corals (Balanophyllia elegans) from several marine terrace localities along the California and Southern Oregon coasts date to the similar to 80,000 yr BP high stand of sea, correlative with marine isotope Substage 5a, late in the last interglacial complex. Ages of multiple corals front localities north of Point Ano Nuevo (central California) and Sail Nicolas Island (southern California) Suggest that this high sea stand could have lasted at least 8000 yr, from similar to 84,000 to similar to 76,000 yr BP. These ages overlap with those from marine deposits on tectonically stable Bermuda and tectonically emergent Barbados. Higher-elevation terraces at two California localities, in the Palos Verdes Hills and on San Nicolas Island, have corals with ages that range mostly from similar to 121,000 to similar to 116,000 yr BP, correlative with marine isotope substage 5e. These ages are similar to those reported for other terraces in southern California but are younger than some ages reported from Hawaii, Barbados and the Bahamas. Marine terrace faunas are excellent proxies for nearshore marine paleotemperatures during past high sea stands. Terraces oil the Palos Verdes Hills and Sail Nicolas Island dated to the similar to 120,000 yr BP high sea stand have dominantly zoogeographically "neutral" species in exposed coastal localities, indicating nearshore waters similar to those of today. In contrast, similar to 80,000 yr BP, exposed coastal localities typically have Molluscan faunas characterized by numerous extralimital northern species and a lack of extralimital Southern species. These fossil assemblages are indicative of nearshore water temperatures that were cooler than modern temperatures at similar to 80,000 yr BP. Waters at least as warm as today's at similar to 120,000 yr BP and cooler than present at similar to 80,000 yr BP are in excellent agreement with marine alkenone records and coastal vegetation records derived from pollen data, from both Southern and northern California. Decreased insolation or increased upwelling seem inadequate to explain the cool waters off the Pacific Coast from southern Oregon to southern California at similar to 80,000 yr BP. We propose that a stronger California Current (or at least one with a greater component of subarctic waters) may explain cooler-than-modern coastal waters during the similar to 80,000 yr BP high sea stand. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Brian F Smith & Associates, Poway, CA 92064 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Sect Malacol, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov NR 114 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 235 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.014 PG 28 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 017UG UT WOS:000235718200004 ER PT J AU Stohlgren, TJ Schnase, JL AF Stohlgren, TJ Schnase, JL TI Risk analysis for biological hazards: What we need to know about invasive species SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE nonnative species; potential species distributions; risk assessment; risk management ID UNITED-STATES; PLANT DIVERSITY; RIPARIAN ZONES; INVASIBILITY; PATTERNS; CLASSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLANDS AB Risk analysis for biological invasions is similar to other types of natural and human hazards. For example, risk analysis for chemical spills requires the evaluation of basic information on where a spill occurs; exposure level and toxicity of the chemical agent; knowledge of the physical processes involved in its rate and direction of spread; and potential impacts to the environment, economy, and human health relative to containment costs. Unlike typical chemical spills, biological invasions can have long lag times from introduction and establishment to successful invasion, they reproduce, and they can spread rapidly by physical and biological processes. We use a risk analysis framework to suggest a general strategy for risk analysis for invasive species and invaded habitats. It requires: (1) problem formation (scoping the problem, defining assessment endpoints); (2) analysis (information on species traits, matching species traits to suitable habitats, estimating exposure, surveys of current distribution and abundance); (3) risk characterization (understanding of data completeness, estimates of the "potential" distribution and abundance; estimates of the potential rate of spread; and probable risks, impacts, and costs); and (4) risk management (containment potential, costs, and opportunity costs; legal mandates and social considerations and information science and technology needs). C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Inst Ivas Species Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Computat & Informat Sci & Technol Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tom_stohlgren@USFS.gov NR 58 TC 109 Z9 119 U1 5 U2 42 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00707.x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 014GQ UT WOS:000235468000020 PM 16492190 ER PT J AU Kolpin, DW Thurman, EM Lee, EA Meyer, MT Furlong, ET Glassmeyer, ST AF Kolpin, DW Thurman, EM Lee, EA Meyer, MT Furlong, ET Glassmeyer, ST TI Urban contributions of glyphosate and its degradate AMPA to streams in the United States SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE glyphosate; streams; United States ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; TOXICITY; HERBICIDES; FORMULATIONS; SOIL; PHARMACEUTICALS; PESTICIDES; SEDIMENT; FISH AB Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world, being routinely applied to control weeds in both agricultural and urban settings. Microbial degradation of glyphosate produces aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA). The high polarity and water-solubility of glyphosate and AMPA has, until recently, made their analysis in water samples problematic. Thus, compared to other herbicides (e.g. atrazine) there are relatively few studies on the environmental occurrence of glyphosate and AMPA. In 2002, treated effluent samples were collected from 10 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to study the occurrence of glyphosate and AMPA. Stream samples were collected upstream and downstream of the 10 WWTPs. Two reference streams were also sampled. The results document the apparent contribution of WWTP effluent to stream concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA, with roughly a two-fold increase in their frequencies of detection between stream samples collected upstream and those collected downstream of the WWTPs. Thus, urban use of glyphosate contributes to glyphosate and AMPA concentrations in streams in the United States. Overall, AMPA was detected much more frequently (67.5%) compared to glyphosate (17.5%). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Kolpin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. EM dwkolpin@usgs.gov RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Glassmeyer, Susan/E-5004-2017; OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Glassmeyer, Susan/0000-0002-0538-5793; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 37 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 5 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 354 IS 2-3 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.028 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 007AO UT WOS:000234939800009 PM 16398995 ER PT J AU Skoruppa, MK Pearce, B Woodin, MC Hickman, GC AF Skoruppa, MK Pearce, B Woodin, MC Hickman, GC TI Ectoparasites of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) wintering in Southern Texas SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Fifteen Western Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) were captured over two winters (2001-2003) in southern Texas and examined for ectoparasites. Four of the 15 owls (27%) harbored feather lice, and the maximum number of lice found on any individual was <= three. Two species of feather lice were found: Colpocephalum pectinatum occurred on three of the owls, and Strigiphilus speotyti was found on four owls. No fleas or other ectoparasites were found on any of the Burrowing Owls. The low diversity and numbers of ectoparasites suggest that ectoparasites are not threatening the health of wintering Burrowing Owls in southern Texas. C1 US Geol Survey, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Skoruppa, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM mary_jay_skoruppa@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI LUBBOCK PA BOX 43151, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-3151 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 58 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 047FK UT WOS:000237865000007 ER PT J AU Heilweil, VM Solomon, DK Gardner, PM AF Heilweil, VM Solomon, DK Gardner, PM TI Borehole environmental tracers for evaluating net infiltration and recharge through desert bedrock SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID QUANTIFYING GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; ARID SYSTEM HYDRODYNAMICS; SOIL-WATER MOVEMENT; UNSATURATED ZONE; MOJAVE DESERT; UNITED-STATES; VADOSE ZONES; EL-NINO; TRITIUM; USA AB Permeable bedrock aquifers in arid regions are being increasingly developed as water supplies, yet little is generally known about recharge processes and spatial and temporal variability. Environmental tracers from boreholes were used in this study to investigate net infiltration and recharge to the fractured Navajo Sandstone aquifer. Vadose zone tracer profiles at the Sand Hollow study site in southwestern Utah look similar to those of desert soils at other sites, indicating the predominance of matrix flow. However, recharge rates are generally higher in the Navajo Sandstone than in unconsolidated soils in similar climates because the sandstone matrix allows water movement but not root penetration. Water enters the vadose zone either as direct infiltration of precipitation through exposed sandstone and sandy soils or as focused infiltration of runoff. Net infiltration and recharge exhibit extreme spatial variability. High-recharge borehole sites generally have large amounts of vadose zone tritium, low chloride concentrations, and small vadose zone oxygen-18 evaporative shifts. Annual net-infiltration and recharge rates at different locations range from about 1 to 60 mm as determined using vadose zone tritium, 0 to 15 mm using vadose zone chloride, and 3 to 60 mm using groundwater chloride. Environmental tracers indicate a cyclical net-infiltration and recharge pattern, with higher rates earlier in the Holocene and lower rates during the late Holocene, and a return to higher rates during recent decades associated with anomalously high precipitation during the latter part of the 20th century. The slightly enriched stable isotopic composition of modern groundwater indicates this recent increase in precipitation may be caused by a stronger summer monsoon or winter southern Pacific El Nino storm track. C1 US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Heilweil, VM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2329 Orton Cir, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM heilweil@usgs.gov RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016 OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124 NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 98 EP 120 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0002 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 037CO UT WOS:000237124500009 ER PT J AU Flint, LE Buesch, DC Flint, AL AF Flint, LE Buesch, DC Flint, AL TI Characterization of unsaturated zone hydrogeologic units using matrix properties and depositional history in a complex volcanic environment SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YUCCA MOUNTAIN; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; NEVADA; MODEL; FLOW; TUFF AB Characterization of the physical and unsaturated hydrologic properties of subsurface materials is necessary to calculate flow and transport for land use practices and to evaluate subsurface processes such as perched water or lateral diversion of water, which are influenced by features such as faults, fractures, and abrupt changes in lithology. Input for numerical flow models typically includes parameters that describe hydrologic properties and the initial and boundary conditions for all materials in the unsaturated zone, such as bulk density, porosity, and particle density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, moisture-retention characteristics, and field water content. We describe an approach for systematically evaluating the site features that contribute to water flow, using physical and hydraulic data collected at the laboratory scale, to provide a representative set of physical and hydraulic parameters for numerically calculating flow of water through the materials at a site. An example case study from analyses done for the heterogeneous, layered, volcanic rocks at Yucca Mountain is presented, but the general approach for parameterization could be applied at any site where depositional processes follow deterministic patterns. Hydrogeologic units at this site were defined using (i) a database developed from 5320 rock samples collected from the coring of 23 shallow (<100 m) and 10 deep (500-1000 m) boreholes, (ii) lithostratigraphic boundaries and corresponding relations to porosity, (iii) transition zones with pronounced changes in properties over short vertical distances, (iv) characterization of the influence of mineral alteration on hydrologic properties such as permeability and moisture-retention characteristics, and (v) a statistical analysis to evaluate where boundaries should be adjusted to minimize the variance within layers. Model parameters developed in this study, and the relation of flow properties to porosity, can be used to produce detailed and accurate representations of the core-scale hydrologic processes ongoing at Yucca Mountain. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Flint, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM lflint@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 480 EP 492 DI 10.2136/vzj2004.0180 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 037CO UT WOS:000237124500041 ER PT J AU Zhao, JM Mooney, WD Zhang, XK Li, ZC Jin, ZJ Okaya, N AF Zhao, JM Mooney, WD Zhang, XK Li, ZC Jin, ZJ Okaya, N TI Crustal structure across the Altyn Tagh Range at the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau and tectonic implications SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Altyn Tagh Range; Qaidam basin; Tarim basin; seismic and compositional structure of the crust and uppermost mantle; deformation processes; viscous sheet model; lower crustal flow/creep ID MANTLE BENEATH TIBET; FAULT SYSTEM; CONTINENTAL COLLISION; GEOLOGIC EVOLUTION; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; SUBDUCTION; CHINA; SHEAR; FLOW AB We present new seismic refraction/wide-angle-reflection data across the Altyn Tagh Range and its adjacent basins. We find that the crustal velocity structure, and by inference, the composition of the crust changes abruptly beneath the Cherchen fault, i.e., similar to 100 km north of the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau. North of the Cherchen fault, beneath the Tarim basin, a platform-type crust is evident. In contrast, south the Cherchen fault the crust is characterized by a missing high-velocity lower-crustal layer. Our seismic model indicates that the high topography (similar to 3 km) of the Altyn Tagh Range is supported by a wedge-shaped region with a seismic velocity of 7.6-7.8 km/s that we interpret as a zone of crust-mantle mix. We infer that the Altyn Tagh Range formed by crustal-scale strike-slip motion along the North Altyn Tagh fault and northeast-southwest contraction over the range. The contraction is accommodated by (1) crustal thickening via upper-crustal thrusting and lower-crustal flow (i.e., creep), and (2) slip-parallel (SW-directed) underthrusting of only the lower crust and mantle of the eastern Tarim basin beneath the Altyn Tagh Range. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 90425 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. China Seismol Bur, Inst Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China. Geophys Explorat Ctr, China Seismol Bur, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China. Inst Occupat Dis Protect Lab Hyg, Changsha, Hunan Province, Peoples R China. Petro Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Mooney, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 90425 USA. EM zhaojm@itpcas.ac.cn; mooney@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 54 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 241 IS 3-4 BP 804 EP 814 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.003 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 011SS UT WOS:000235289000037 ER PT J AU Rosenbloom, NA Harden, JW Neff, JC Schimel, DS AF Rosenbloom, Nan A. Harden, Jennifer W. Neff, Jason C. Schimel, David S. TI Geomorphic control of landscape carbon accumulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; WESTERN IOWA; EROSION; MATTER; HILLSLOPE; EVOLUTION; TURNOVER; DYNAMICS AB We use the CREEP process-response model to simulate soil organic carbon accumulation in an undisturbed prairie site in Iowa. Our primary objectives are to identify spatial patterns of carbon accumulation, and explore the effect of erosion on basin-scale C accumulation. Our results point to two general findings. First, redistribution of soil carbon by erosion results in a net increase in basin-wide carbon storage relative to a noneroding environment. Landscape-average mean residence times are increased in an eroding landscape owing to the burial/preservation of otherwise labile C. Second, field observations taken along a slope transect may overlook significant intraslope variations in carbon accumulation. Spatial patterns of modeled deep C accumulation are complex. While surface carbon with its relatively short equilibration time is predictable from surface properties, deep carbon is strongly influenced by the landscape's geomorphic and climatic history, resulting in wide spatial variability. Convergence and divergence associated with upland swales and interfluves result in bimodal carbon distributions in upper and mid slopes; variability in carbon storage within modeled mid slopes was as high as simulated differences between erosional shoulders and depositional valley bottoms. The bimodality of mid-slope C variability in the model suggests that a three-dimensional sampling strategy is preferable over the traditional two-dimensional analog or "catena'' approach. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rosenbloom, NA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM nanr@ucar.edu RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G1 AR G01004 DI 10.1029/2005JG000077 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090WV UT WOS:000240985500001 ER PT J AU Schwindt, AR Truelove, N Schreck, CB Fournie, JW Landers, DH Kent, ML AF Schwindt, AR Truelove, N Schreck, CB Fournie, JW Landers, DH Kent, ML TI Quantitative evaluation of macrophage aggregates in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE macrophage aggregates; brook trout; rainbow trout; fishes; pigment; ecotoxicology; stress ID DAB LIMANDA-LIMANDA; MELANOMACROPHAGE CENTERS; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; CRUDE-OIL; FISH; AGE; FLOUNDER; HEALTH; WILD AB Macrophage aggregates (MAs) occur in various organs of fishes, especially the kidney, liver and spleen, and contain melanin, ceroid/lipofuscin and hemosiderin pigments. They have been used as indicators of a number of natural and anthropogenic stressors. Macrophage aggregates occur in salmonids but are poorly organized, irregularly shaped, and are generally smaller than those in derived teleosts. These features complicate quantification, and thus these fishes have seldom been used in studies correlating MAs with environmental stressors. To alleviate these complications, we developed color filtering algorithms for use with the software package ImagePro Plus((R)) (Media Cybernetics) that select and quantify pigmented area (i.e. colors ranging from gold to brown to black) in tissue sections. Image analysis results compared well with subjective scoring when tested on brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss captured from high-elevation lakes or hatcheries. Macrophage aggregate pigments correlated positively with age and negatively with condition factor. Within individual fish, pigmentation correlated positively among organs, suggesting that the kidney, liver or spleen are suitable indicator organs. In age-matched fishes, MA pigments were not different between hatcheries and lakes in the organs examined. Between lakes, differences in pigments were observed in the kidney and spleen, but were not explained by age, condition factor, sex or maturation state. Our results indicate that quantification of the area occupied by MA pigments is an efficient and accurate means of evaluating MAs in salmonid organs and that organ pigmentation correlates with age and condition factor, as seen in studies with more derived fishes. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS Biol Resources Div, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Schwindt, AR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM schwinda@onid.orst.edu NR 43 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 68 IS 2 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.3354/dao068101 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 051QF UT WOS:000238174900002 PM 16532602 ER PT J AU Elwell, LCS Kerans, BL Rasmussen, C Winton, JR AF Elwell, Leah C. Steinbach Kerans, Billie L. Rasmussen, Charlotte Winton, James R. TI Interactions among two strains of Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta : Tubificidae) and Myxobolus cerebralis (Myxozoa) SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE parasite-mediated competition; Tubifex tubifex; Myxobolus cerebralis; genetic variation; whirling disease; host susceptibility ID PARASITE-MEDIATED COMPETITION; WHIRLING DISEASE; APPARENT COMPETITION; SPECIAL EMPHASIS; RDNA SEQUENCES; LIFE-CYCLE; HOST; ANNELIDA; MULLER; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Host-parasite interactions influence host population growth, host evolution and parasite success. We examined the interactions among Myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite that causes salmonid whirling disease, and resistant and susceptible strains of the oligochaete host Tubifex tubifex. Strains of T. tubifex with diverse genotypes often coexist in nature and have variable susceptibilities to M. cerebralis infection. Further, parasite proliferation differs by several orders of magnitude among T. tubifex strains. We examined total biomass produced by individual T. tubifex, including progeny production and adult growth, parasite proliferation and prevalence of infection using 2 strains of T. tubifex at 2 myxospore doses in a response-surface experimental design. Total biomass production per individual oligochaete and progeny biomass produced by an individual adult oligochaete were density-dependent for both resistant and susceptible individuals and the effects did not change with the addition of myxospores. However, both resistant and susceptible adults had highest growth when exposed to M. cerebralis, The presence of resistant oligochaetes in mixed cultures did not reduce the infection prevalence or parasite proliferation in susceptible individuals. In natural aquatic communities, resistant strains of T. tubifex may not reduce the effects of M. cerebralis on the salmonid host, particularly if sufficient numbers of susceptible T. tubifex are present. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kerans, BL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bkerans@montana.edu NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 68 IS 2 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.3354/dao068131 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 051QF UT WOS:000238174900004 PM 16532604 ER PT J AU Gangloff, MM Williams, JD Feminella, JW AF Gangloff, MM Williams, JD Feminella, JW TI A new species of freshwater mussel (Bivalvia : Unionidae), Pleurobema athearni, from the Coosa River drainage of Alabama, USA SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Big Canoe Creek; freshwater mussel; Mobile Basin; mollusk biodiversity; Unionoida; endemic species ID CONSERVATION GENETICS AB The Mobile Basin historically supported one of the most diverse freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) assemblages in North America. More than 65 species of mussels are known from the Basin, but it is difficult to determine how many species were present historically. The drainage's unique physical habitat was largely destroyed between the late 1800s and mid-1900s by impoundment and channel modifications of most of the larger rivers. Many species that were once common are now restricted to small headwater rivers and mid-sized tributaries. Recent Coosa River tributary surveys revealed a new, undescribed species of Pleurobema. This new species, Pleurobema athearni, is distinctive in outward appearance, shell morphometry and reproductive morphology, and can be distinguished from other Coosa River drainage unionids. Our analysis indicates that P. athearni is morphologically different from other similar taxa. It differs both in shell width/length and width/height ratios and thus provides a simple, quantitative means to differentiate this species from P. georgianum (Lea, 1841) Fusconaia barnesiana (Lea, 1838), and F. cerina (Conrad, 1838), which it superficially resembles and that also occur in the area. Our morphological diagnosis of this species is supported by recent molecular analyses that suggest this species is a Pleurobema and one closely related to other endemic Coosa River drainage unionids. The discovery of a new species of large, long-lived macroinvertebrate from a relatively well-sampled drainage in a populated region of the southeast United States underscores the need for more detailed surveys in isolated stretches of tributary streams. It should also serve as a reminder that almost 40 species of aquatic mollusks have been extirpated from the Mobile Basin before anything could be learned about their habitat or life history requirements. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Gangloff, MM (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM ganglmm@auburn.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 30 PY 2006 IS 1118 BP 43 EP 56 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 008AD UT WOS:000235011700002 ER PT J AU Kurath, G Garver, KA Corbeil, S Elliott, DG Anderson, ED LaPatra, SE AF Kurath, G Garver, KA Corbeil, S Elliott, DG Anderson, ED LaPatra, SE TI Protective immunity and lack of histopathological damage two years after DNA vaccination against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in trout SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccination; long-term protection; fish DNA vaccine; DNA vaccine safety ID HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PLASMID DNA; GENE-TRANSFER; RABIES VIRUS; TIME-COURSE; IHN VIRUS; IMMUNIZATION AB The DNA vaccine pIHNw-G encodes the glycoprotein of the fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Vaccine performance in rainbow trout was measured 3, 6, 13, 24, and 25 months after vaccination. At three months all fish vaccinated with 0.1 jig pIHNw-G had detectable neutralizing antibody (NAb) and they were completely protected from lethal IHNV challenge with a relative percent survival (RPS) of 100% compared to control fish. Viral challenges at 6, 13. 24, and 25 months post-vaccination showed protection with RPS values of 47-69%, while NAb seroprevalence declined to undetectable levels. Passive transfer experiments with sera from fish after two years post-vaccination were inconsistent but significant protection was observed in some cases. The long-term duration of protection observed here defined a third temporal phase in the immune response to IHNV DNA vaccination, characterized by reduced but significant levels of protection, and decline or absence of detectable NAb titers. Examination of multiple tissues showed an absence of detectable long-term histopathological damage due to DNA vaccination. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USGS Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Clear Springs Foods Inc, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. RP Kurath, G (reprint author), USGS Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gael_kurath@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.068 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 006ZJ UT WOS:000234936300015 PM 16154239 ER PT J AU Muir, DCG Backus, S Derocher, AE Dietz, R Evans, TJ Gabrielsen, GW Nagy, J Norstrom, RJ Sonne, C Stirling, I Taylor, MK Letcher, RJ AF Muir, DCG Backus, S Derocher, AE Dietz, R Evans, TJ Gabrielsen, GW Nagy, J Norstrom, RJ Sonne, C Stirling, I Taylor, MK Letcher, RJ TI Brominated flame retardants in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Alaska, the Canadian Arctic, East Greenland, and Svalbard SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; MARINE FOOD-CHAINS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; AGE-DETERMINATION; CONTAMINANTS; CONGENERS; NORTH AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in adipose tissue of adult and subadult female polar bears sampled between 1999 and 2002 from sub-populations in Arctic Canada, eastern Greenland, and Svalbard, and in males and females collected from 1994 to 2002 in northwestern Alaska. Only 4 congeners (BDE47, 99, 100, and 153) were consistently identified in all samples. BDE47 was the major PBDE congener representing from 65% to 82% of the sum (E) PBDEs. Age was not a significant covariate for individual PBDEs or Sigma PBDE. Higher proportions of BDE 99, 100, and 153 were generally found in samples from the Canadian Arctic than from Svalbard or the Bering-Chukchi Sea area of Alaska. Geometric mean Sigma PBDE concentrations were highest for female polar bear fat samples collected from Svalbard (50 ng/g lipid weight (lw)) and East Greenland (70 ng/g lw). Significantly lower Sigma PBDE concentrations were found in fat of bears from Canada and Alaska (means ranging from 7.6 to 22 ng/g lw).For the entire dataset, Sigma PBDE concentrations were correlated with Sigma PCBs. Higher total hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) concentrations were found in fat of bears from Greenland and Svalbard than in those from Alaska. The geographical trends for PBDEs and HBCD parallel those for PCBs implying similar source regions for long range transport to the Arctic and bioaccumulation pathways in the arctic marine food web. All four major PBDE congeners were found to biomagnify from ringed seals to polar bears. BDE153 showed the greatest (71 x) biornagnification factors (BMFs) and, on average, had a BMF that was 5.5-fold higher than for PCB congener 153 (13x) but similar to PCB congener 194 (73x), indicating that it is a highly bioaccumulative compound. C1 Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Norwegian Polar Res Inst, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway. Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Arctic Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Carleton Univ, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Govt Nunavut, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6B 2X3, Canada. Govt Northwest Territories, Dept Resources Wildlife & Econ Dev, Inuvik, NT, Canada. Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. RP Muir, DCG (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM derek.muir@cciw.ca RI Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012; Sonne, Christian/I-7532-2013; Dietz, Rune/L-4640-2013; Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015; OI Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774; Sonne, Christian/0000-0001-5723-5263; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776 NR 44 TC 130 Z9 150 U1 10 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 449 EP 455 DI 10.1021/es051707u PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006SG UT WOS:000234916700010 PM 16468388 ER PT J AU Barber, LB Murphy, SF Verplanck, PL Sandstrom, MW Taylor, HE Furlong, ET AF Barber, LB Murphy, SF Verplanck, PL Sandstrom, MW Taylor, HE Furlong, ET TI Chemical loading into surface water along a hydrological, biogeochemical, and land use gradient: A holistic watershed approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WASTE-WATER; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; TREATMENT-PLANT; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; GROUNDWATER; CONTAMINATION; COLORADO AB Identifying the sources and impacts of organic and inorganic contaminants at the watershed scale is a complex challenge because of the multitude of processes occurring in time and space. Investigation of geochemical transformations requires a systematic evaluation of hydrologic, landscape, and anthropogenic factors. The 1160 km(2) Boulder Creek Watershed in the Colorado Front Range encompasses a gradient of geology, ecotypes, climate, and urbanization. Streamflow originates primarily as snowmelt and shows substantial annual variation. Water samples were collected along a 70-km transect during spring-runoff and base-flow conditions, and analyzed for major elements, trace elements, bulk organics, organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs), and pesticides. Major-element and trace-element concentrations were low in the headwaters, increased through the urban corridor, and had a step increase downstream from the first major wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Boron, gadolinium, and lithium were useful inorganic tracers of anthropogenic inputs. Effluent from the WWTP accounted for as much as 75% of the flow in Boulder Creek and was the largest chemical input. Under both hydrological conditions, OWCs and pesticides were detected in Boulder Creek downstream from the WWTP outfall as well as in the headwater region, and loads of anthropogenic-derived contaminants increased as basin population density increased. This report documents a suite of potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals in a reach of stream with native fish populations showing indication of endocrine disruption. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Barber, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbbarber@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675 NR 74 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 475 EP 486 DI 10.1021/es051270q PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006SG UT WOS:000234916700014 PM 16468392 ER PT J AU Barber, LB Keefe, SH Antweiler, RC Taylor, HE Wass, RD AF Barber, LB Keefe, SH Antweiler, RC Taylor, HE Wass, RD TI Accumulation of contaminants in fish from wastewater treatment wetlands SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; RIVER; BIOACCUMULATION; CHEMICALS; SEDIMENT AB Increasing demands on water resources in arid environments make reclamation and reuse of municipal wastewater an important component of the water budget. Treatment wetlands can be an integral part of the water-reuse cycle providing both water-quality enhancement and habitat functions. When used for habitat, the bioaccumulation potential of contaminants in the wastewater is a critical consideration. Water and fish samples collected from the Tres Rios Demonstration Constructed Wetlands near Phoenix, Arizona, which uses secondary-treated wastewater to maintain an aquatic ecosystem in a desert environment, were analyzed for hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC) and trace elements. Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD) were deployed to investigate uptake of HOC. The wetlands effectively removed HOC, and concentrations of herbicides, pesticides, and organic wastewater contaminants decreased 40-99% between inlet and outlet. Analysis of Tilapia, mossambica and Gambusia affinis indicated accumulation of HOC, including p,p'-DDE and trans-nonachlor. The SPMD accumulated the HOC detected in the fish tissue as well as additional compounds. Trace-element concentrations in whole-fish tissue were highly variable, but were similar between the two species. Concentrations of HOC and trace elements varied in different fish tissue compartments, and concentrations in Tilapia liver tissue were greater than those in the whole organism or filet tissue. Bioconcentration factors for the trace elements ranged from 5 to 58 000 and for the HOC ranged from 530 to 150 000. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Wass Gerke & Assoc Inc, Phoenix, AZ 85014 USA. RP Barber, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbbarber@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 603 EP 611 DI 10.1021/es0514287 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006SG UT WOS:000234916700031 PM 16468409 ER PT J AU Rogers, JN Kelley, JT Belknap, DF Gontz, A Barnhardt, WA AF Rogers, JN Kelley, JT Belknap, DF Gontz, A Barnhardt, WA TI Shallow-water pockmark formation in temperate estuaries: A consideration of origins in the western gulf of Maine with special focus on Belfast Bay SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methane; Belfast bay; Maine; Quaternary; marine mud; sea-level change ID INNER CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; PROCESSES CONTROLLING METHANE; GASSY COASTAL SEDIMENTS; ECKERNFORDE BAY; PENOBSCOT BAY; SUBMARINE POCKMARKS; ACOUSTIC TURBIDITY; NORTHWESTERN GULF; MARINE-SEDIMENTS AB A systematic mapping program incorporating more than 5000 km of side scan sonar and seismic reflection tracklines in the western Gulf of Maine has identified more than 70 biogenic natural gas deposits, occupying 311 km(2) in nearshore muddy embayments. Many of these ernbayments also contain pockmark fields, with some exhibiting geologically active characteristics including the observance of plumes of escaping fluids and sediment. Pockmarks, hemispherically shaped depressions of various size and depths, formed through fluid escape of gas and/or pore water, are sometimes found within or outside gas fields, although many gas fields lack pockmarks altogether. Although the origin of the natural gas remains unclear, if coastal environments at times of lower sea level were similar to the present, numerous lake, wetland, valley fill and estuarine sources of organic-rich material may have formed on the inner shelf. If these deposits survived transgression and remain buried, they are potential gas sources. Intensive mapping of the Belfast Bay pockmark field in 1998 produced the first nearly continuous side scan sonar mosaic of a Gulf of Maine pockmark field with a corresponding 3-dimensional geological model generated from seismic data. Statistical analysis of pockmark geometry, gas deposit loci, and subsurface evidence for gas-enhanced reflectors suggest that gas migration from deeper lateral sources along permeable subsurface strata may be the mechanism for pockmark formation in areas lacking gas curtain seismic reflections. The coarse-grained transgressive ravinement unconformity between Pleistocene glacial-marine mud and Holocene mud may act as a conduit for distributing methane to the field's margins. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 GeoSyntec Consultants, Acton, MA 01720 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Rogers, JN (reprint author), GeoSyntec Consultants, 289 Great Rd Suite 105, Acton, MA 01720 USA. EM jrogers@geosyntec.com NR 80 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 225 IS 1-4 BP 45 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.07.011 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 006RG UT WOS:000234914000004 ER PT J AU Webster, JM Clague, DA Braga, JC Spalding, H Renema, W Kelley, C Applegate, B Smith, JR Paull, CK Moore, JG Potts, D AF Webster, JM Clague, DA Braga, JC Spalding, H Renema, W Kelley, C Applegate, B Smith, JR Paull, CK Moore, JG Potts, D TI Drowned coralline algal dominated deposits off Lanai, Hawaii; carbonate accretion and vertical tectonics over the last 30 ka SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coralline algae; carbonate platform drowning; tectonics; Pleistocene sea level change; Last Glacial Maximum, Hawaii; Lanai ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; SEA-LEVEL RECORD; GLACIAL MAXIMUM; HALIMEDA BIOHERMS; HUON GULF; LARGER FORAMINIFERA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; REEF DEVELOPMENT; RYUKYU ISLANDS AB We present detailed bathymetry, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and submersible observations, and sedimentary and radiocarbon age data from carbonate deposits recovered from two submerged terraces at - 150 in (T1) and - 230 m (T2) off Lanai, Hawaii. The tops of the terraces are veneered by relatively thin (< 5 m) in situ accumulations of coralline algal nodule, coralgal nodule, Halimeda and a derived oolitic facies deposited in intermediate (30-60 m) to deep fore-reef slope settings (60-120 m). The data are used to develop a sedimentary facies model that is consistent with eustatic sea-level variations over the last 30 ka. Both nodule facies on T1 and T2 initiated growth 30-29 ka following a fall in sea level of similar to 50 m and increase in bottom currents during the transition from Marine Isotope Stage 3 to 2. The nodules accreted slowly throughout the Last Glacial Maximum when sea-level was relatively stable. Drowning occurred during the early deglaciation (17-16 ka) and was marked by the complete drowning of coralline algal nodules facies oil T2 and incipient drowning of coralgal facies on T1. Abrupt sea-level rise during the middle deglaciation, perhaps associated with global meltwater pulse 1 A (14-15 ka), finally drowned the coralgal facies on T1, which in turn was overlain by a deep-water Halimeda facies or all oolitic facies derived from upslope. Our data indicates that Lanai has experienced relatively little vertical tectonic movement over the last 30 ka. Using paleobathymetric data derived from the sedimentary facies, age vs. depth relationships, and published sea-level curves, we estimate that Lanai could be either slowly uplifting or Subsiding, but at rates < 0.1 m/kyr (uplift) or < 0.4 m/kyr (subsidence) over this 30 kyr period. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Earth Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Univ Granada, Dept Estratig & Paleontol, E-18071 Granada, Spain. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Hawaii Manoa, HURL, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Mapping Res Grp, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Webster, JM (reprint author), James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Earth Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM Jody.Webster@jcu.edu.au RI Renema, Willem/E-2851-2016 OI Renema, Willem/0000-0002-1627-5995 NR 71 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 225 IS 1-4 BP 223 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.08.002 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 006RG UT WOS:000234914000014 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, SA Steuer, JJ AF Fitzgerald, SA Steuer, JJ TI Association of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with live algae and total lipids in rivers - a field-based approach SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyls; live algae; detritus; total lipids; partition coefficients; rivers ID LAKE-MICHIGAN; ACCUMULATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; DYNAMICS; BIOCONCENTRATION; POLLUTANTS; SEDIMENTS; KINETICS; CARBON; MODEL AB The association of PCBs and live algal cells in rivers was studied at four locations during four seasons in two Wisconsin rivers. Positive relations between particle-associated PCBs and both chlorophyll-a and algal carbon concentrations indicated that live algal cells were a significant sorption phase for dissolved PCBs. Large Pennate diatoms (Navicula, Synedra, Pinnularia, Diatoma, and Cocconeis), or more rarely, Euglenoids (Trachelomonas sp.), dominated most sample assemblages on an algal carbon basis. These assemblages made up the highest percentage of total SOC during spring (average=50%) and lowest during summer (average=15%). At the three impounded sites, most individual PCB congeners were relatively enriched in samples characterized by: (1) high concentrations of algal carbon (as a percent of SOC), (2) algal assemblages dominated (or co-dominated) by Euglenoids, and (3) high concentrations of total lipids. Despite relatively higher masses of sorbed PCBs in the most lipid-rich samples, there was no robust correlation between total lipid content and particle-associated PCBs when aggregating all samples from the study. A possible explanation is that PCBs are associated with other structural components in live algae and (or) departure from chemical equilibrium in the river due to algal growth kinetics. A kinetic uptake model was used to calculate the mass of PCBs associated with the total organic carbon content of live algae. Based on this model, PCBs were enriched in algal cells during bloom seasons (spring and fall) compared to non-bloom seasons (summer and winter). Further, although individual PCB congener partition coefficients (log) to live algal cells (range=5.3-6.4) overlapped to those for detritus (range=3.6-7.4), PCBs tended to be enriched in detrital carbon pools during non-bloom conditions. The larger range of estimated PCB partition coefficients for detritus likely reflects the more heterogeneous nature of this material compared to live algal cells. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Fitzgerald, SA (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, US Geol Survey, 3303 33rd St NW, Calgary, AB T2L 2AY, Canada. EM safitzge@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 354 IS 1 BP 60 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.11.025 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 005IH UT WOS:000234815300006 PM 16376697 ER PT J AU Stackelberg, PE Furlong, ET Meyer, MT Zaugg, SD Henderson, AK Reissman, DB AF Stackelberg, PE Furlong, ET Meyer, MT Zaugg, SD Henderson, AK Reissman, DB TI Response to comment on "Persistence of pharmaceutical compounds and other organic wastewater contaminants in a conventional drinking-watertreatment plant" SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Stackelberg, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM pestack@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 354 IS 1 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.012 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 005IH UT WOS:000234815300009 PM 15913713 ER PT J AU Li, RX Archinal, BA Arvidson, RE Bell, J Christensen, P Crumpler, L Des Marais, DJ Di, KC Duxbury, T Golombek, M Grant, J Greeley, R Guinn, J Johnson, A Kirk, RL Maimone, M Matthies, LH Malin, M Parker, T Sims, M Thompson, S Squyres, SW Soderblom, LA AF Li, RX Archinal, BA Arvidson, RE Bell, J Christensen, P Crumpler, L Des Marais, DJ Di, KC Duxbury, T Golombek, M Grant, J Greeley, R Guinn, J Johnson, A Kirk, RL Maimone, M Matthies, LH Malin, M Parker, T Sims, M Thompson, S Squyres, SW Soderblom, LA TI Spirit rover localization and topographic mapping at the landing site of Gusev crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article AB [1] By sol 440, the Spirit rover has traversed a distance of 3.76 km (actual distance traveled instead of odometry). Localization of the lander and the rover along the traverse has been successfully performed at the Gusev crater landing site. We localized the lander in the Gusev crater using two-way Doppler radio positioning and cartographic triangulations through landmarks visible in both orbital and ground images. Additional high-resolution orbital images were used to verify the determined lander position. Visual odometry and bundle adjustment technologies were applied to compensate for wheel slippage, azimuthal angle drift, and other navigation errors (which were as large as 10.5% in the Husband Hill area). We generated topographic products, including 72 ortho maps and three-dimensional (3-D) digital terrain models, 11 horizontal and vertical traverse profiles, and one 3-D crater model (up to sol 440). Also discussed in this paper are uses of the data for science operations planning, geological traverse surveys, surveys of wind-related features, and other science applications. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92191 USA. RP Li, RX (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM li.282@osu.edu NR 28 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E2 AR E02S06 DI 10.1029/2005JE002486 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 007UT UT WOS:000234996400001 ER PT J AU Holden, ZA Morgan, P Rollins, MG Wright, RG AF Holden, ZA Morgan, P Rollins, MG Wright, RG TI Ponderosa pine snag densities following multiple fires in the Gila Wilderness, New Mexico SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ponderosa pine; fire; snag; southwest ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; FOREST STRUCTURE; PATTERNS; ARIZONA; POPULATIONS; PERSPECTIVE; ECOSYSTEMS; MORTALITY; WILDLIFE AB Fires create and consume snags (standing dead trees), an important structural and ecological component of ponderosa pine forests. The effects of repeated fires on snag densities in ponderosa pine forests of the southwestern USA have not been studied. Line intercept sampling was used to estimate snag densities in areas of the Gila Wilderness that had burned one to three times under Wildland Fire Use for Resource Benefit (WFU), a fire management policy implemented since 1974 aimed at restoring natural fire regimes. Twenty randomly located transects were measured in areas burned since 1946; six in once-burned areas, six in twice-burned areas and eight in thrice-burned areas. The mean density standard errors of large (> 47.5 cm dbh) snags for areas that burned once, twice and thrice was 7.0 +/- 2.7, 4.4 +/- 1.1 and 4.1 +/- 1.3 snags/ha, respectively. Differences in snag densities between once- and multiple-burned areas were significant (F-test; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in density of large snags between twice- and thrice-burned areas. Proportions of type 1 snags (recently created) were higher in once- and twice-burned areas than in areas that burned three times, likely reflecting high tree mortality and snag recruitment resulting from an initial entry fire. Type 3 snags (charred by previous fire) were more abundant in areas that burned multiple times. The lack of differences in snag densities between areas that burned two and three times suggests that repeated fires leave many snags standing. The increasing proportion of type 3 snags with repeated fires supports this conclusion. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Foest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Idaho, USGS Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Holden, ZA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Foest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM zack_holden@hotmail.com NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 221 IS 1-3 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.014 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 006GF UT WOS:000234883800013 ER PT J AU Morin, RH AF Morin, RH TI Negative correlation between porosity and hydraulic conductivity in sand-and-gravel aquifers at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE geophysical logs; porosity; hydraulic conductivity; granular deposits ID PERMEABILITY; MIXTURES; PACKING; SIZE; LOG AB Although it may be intuitive to think of the hydraulic conductivity K of unconsolidated, coarse-grained sediments as increasing monotonically with increasing porosity Phi, studies have documented a negative correlation between these two parameters under certain grain-size distributions and packing arrangements. This is confirmed at two sites on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, where groundwater investigations were conducted in sand-and-gravel aquifers specifically to examine the interdependency of several aquifer properties using measurements from four geophysical well logs. Along with K and Phi, the electrical resistivity R-0 and the natural gamma activity gamma of saturated deposits were determined as functions of depth. Qualitative examination of results from the first site implies a negative correlation between K and Phi that is substantiated by a rigorous multivariate analysis of log data collected from the second site. A principal components analysis describes an over-determined system of inversion equations, with approximately 92% of the cumulative proportion of the total variance being accounted for by only three of the four eigenvectors. A subsequent R-mode factor analysis projects directional trends among the four variables (K, Phi, R-0 and gamma), and a negative correlation between K and Phi emerges as the primary result. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Morin, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rhmorin@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 316 IS 1-4 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.04.013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 997VC UT WOS:000234275900004 ER PT J AU Carter, JM Driscoll, DG AF Carter, JM Driscoll, DG TI Estimating recharge using relations between precipitation and yield in a mountainous area with large variability in precipitation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE recharge; precipitation; karst aquifers; streamflow yield; yield efficiency ID KARST AQUIFER AB Estimates of recharge to bedrock aquifers from infiltration of precipitation can be difficult to obtain, especially in areas with large spatial and temporal variability in precipitation. In the Black Hills area of western South Dakota and eastern Wyoming, streamflow yield is highly influenced by annual precipitation, with yield efficiency (annual yield divided by annual precipitation) increasing with increasing annual precipitation. Spatial variability in annual yield characteristics for Black Hills streams is predictably influenced by precipitation patterns. Relations between precipitation and yield efficiency were used to estimate annual recharge from long-term records of annual precipitation. A series of geographic information system algorithms was used to derive annual estimates for 1000- by 1000-m grid cells. These algorithms were composited to derive estimates of annual recharge rates to the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in the Black Hills area of western South Dakota and eastern Wyoming during water years 1931-1998 and an estimate of average recharge for water years 1950-1998. This approach provides a systematic method of obtaining consistent and reproducible estimates of recharge from infiltration of precipitation. Resulting estimates of average annual recharge (water years 1950-1998) ranged from 1 cm in the southern Black Hills to 22 cm in the northwestern Black Hills. Recharge rates to these aquifers from infiltration of precipitation on outcrops was estimated to range from 0.9 m(3)/s in 1936 to 18.8 m(3)/s in 1995. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Carter, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM jmcarter@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 316 IS 1-4 BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.04.012 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 997VC UT WOS:000234275900006 ER PT J AU Reeve, AS Evensen, R Glaser, PH Siegel, DI Rosenberry, D AF Reeve, AS Evensen, R Glaser, PH Siegel, DI Rosenberry, D TI Flow path oscillations in transient ground-water simulations of large peatland systems SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE peatland; MODFLOW; ground water; transient; bogs; simulation ID LAKE AGASSIZ PEATLANDS; LOST RIVER PEATLAND; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PATTERNED MIRES; PORE-WATER; BOG; REVERSALS; CLIMATE; FEN AB Transient numerical simulations of the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatland near the Red Lakes in Northern Minnesota were constructed to evaluate observed reversals in vertical ground-water flow. Seasonal weather changes were introduced to a ground-water flow model by varying evapotranspiration and recharge over time. Vertical hydraulic reversals, driven by changes in recharge and evapotranspiration were produced in the simulated peat layer. These simulations indicate that the high specific storage associated with the peat is an important control on hydraulic reversals. Seasonally driven vertical flow is on the order of centimeters in the deep peat, suggesting that seasonal vertical advective fluxes are not significant and that ground-water flow into the deep peat likely occurs on decadal or longer time scales. Particles tracked within the ground-water flow model oscillate over time, suggesting that seasonal flow reversals will enhance vertical mixing in the peat column. The amplitude of flow path oscillations increased with increasing peat storativity, with amplitudes of about 5 cm occurring when peat specific storativity was set to about 0.05 m(-1). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Minnesota, Limnol Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Reeve, AS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM asreeve@maine.edu RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 316 IS 1-4 BP 313 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.05.005 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 997VC UT WOS:000234275900022 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, EH Vijayan, MM Killie, JEA Aluru, N Aas-Hansen, O Maule, A AF Jorgensen, EH Vijayan, MM Killie, JEA Aluru, N Aas-Hansen, O Maule, A TI Toxicokinetics and effects of PCBs in Arctic fish: A review of studies on Arctic charr SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Review ID SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; RESPONSES; SEAWATER; CORTISOL; GROWTH AB In a series of environmentally realistic laboratory experiments, toxicokinetics and effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were studied in the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Winter fasting and emaciation, which are common among Arctic charr living in high latitudes, resulted in a redistribution of the lipophilic PCBs from lipid-storing tissue such as the muscle, to vital organs that must be considered sensitive toward PCB ( liver and brain). This redistribution was accompanied by a significant potentiation of the hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A biomarker response, from low activities in October ( within those measured in uncontaminated charr) to a high, probably maximum, induction in May. Performance studies demonstrated a clear effect of environmentally realistic PCB levels on endocrine mechanisms, immune function, and seawater preadaptation ( smoltification) in charr that had been feed deprived for several months after contamination with Aroclor 1254, whereas a high PCB dose exerted only minor, if any, effects in charr that had been fed after contamination. These results demonstrate that emaciation results in decreased dose-response relationships in fish, and indicate that arctic animals undergoing seasonal cycles of "fattening" and emaciation may be extra sensitive toward persistent, lipophilic organochlorines. Pilot studies on Arctic charr from Bjornoya Island revealed marked CYP1A biomarker responses and an upregulation of genes involved in cellular homeostatic mechanisms in charr from Lake Ellasjoen ( high PCB levels). C1 Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. Univ Tromso, Norwegian Coll Fishery Sci, Tromso, Norway. Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Norwegian Inst Fisheries & Aquaculture Res, Tromso, Norway. USGS BRD, WFRC, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA USA. RP Jorgensen, EH (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. EM even.jorgensen@nfh.uit.no RI Aluru, Neelakanteswar/A-7237-2009 NR 28 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JAN 8 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.1080/15287390500259053 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 009XS UT WOS:000235147500003 PM 16291561 ER PT J AU Ezenwa, VO Godsey, MS King, RJ Guptill, SC AF Ezenwa, VO Godsey, MS King, RJ Guptill, SC TI Avian diversity and West Nile virus: testing associations between biodiversity and infectious disease risk SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; vector-borne disease; zoonoses; dilution effect; biodiversity; birds ID AMERICAN MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; FIELD-COLLECTED MOSQUITOS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; CULEX-SALINARIUS; LYME-DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; CULICIDAE; ECOLOGY; BIRDS; RATES AB The emergence of several high profile infectious diseases in recent years has focused attention on our need to understand the ecological factors contributing to the spread of infectious diseases. West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that was first detected in the United States in 1999. The factors accounting for variation in the prevalence of WNV are poorly understood, but recent ideas suggesting links between high biodiversity and reduced vector-borne disease risk may help account for distribution patterns of this disease. Since wild birds are the primary reservoir hosts for WNV, we tested associations between passerine (Passeriform) bird diversity, non-passerine (all other orders) bird diversity and virus infection rates in mosquitoes and humans to examine the extent to which bird diversity is associated with WNV infection risk. We found that non-passerine species richness (number of non-passerine species) was significantly negatively correlated with both mosquito and human infection rates, whereas there was no significant association between passerine species richness and any measure of infection risk. Our findings suggest that non-passerine diversity may play a role in dampening WNV amplification rates in mosquitoes, minimizing human disease risk. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Ezenwa, VO (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM vanessa.ezenwa@umontana.edu NR 52 TC 141 Z9 147 U1 9 U2 96 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD JAN 7 PY 2006 VL 273 IS 1582 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3284 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 002YL UT WOS:000234648100016 PM 16519242 ER PT J AU Arvidson, RE Squyres, SW Anderson, RC Bell, JF Blaney, D Bruckner, J Cabrol, NA Calvin, WM Carr, MH Christensen, PR Clark, BC Crumpler, L Des Marais, DJ de Souza, PA d'Uston, C Economou, T Farmer, J Farrand, WH Folkner, W Golombek, M Gorevan, S Grant, JA Greeley, R Grotzinger, J Guinness, E Hahn, BC Haskin, L Herkenhoff, KE Hurowitz, JA Hviid, S Johnson, JR Klingelhofer, G Knoll, AH Landis, G Leff, C Lemmon, M Li, R Madsen, MB Malin, MC McLennan, SM McSween, HY Ming, DW Moersch, J Morris, RV Parker, T Rice, JW Richter, L Rieder, R Rodionov, DS Schroder, C Sims, M Smith, M Smith, P Soderblom, LA Sullivan, R Thompson, SD Tosca, NJ Wang, A Wanke, H Ward, J Wdowiak, T Wolff, M Yen, A AF Arvidson, RE Squyres, SW Anderson, RC Bell, JF Blaney, D Bruckner, J Cabrol, NA Calvin, WM Carr, MH Christensen, PR Clark, BC Crumpler, L Des Marais, DJ de Souza, PA d'Uston, C Economou, T Farmer, J Farrand, WH Folkner, W Golombek, M Gorevan, S Grant, JA Greeley, R Grotzinger, J Guinness, E Hahn, BC Haskin, L Herkenhoff, KE Hurowitz, JA Hviid, S Johnson, JR Klingelhofer, G Knoll, AH Landis, G Leff, C Lemmon, M Li, R Madsen, MB Malin, MC McLennan, SM McSween, HY Ming, DW Moersch, J Morris, RV Parker, T Rice, JW Richter, L Rieder, R Rodionov, DS Schroder, C Sims, M Smith, M Smith, P Soderblom, LA Sullivan, R Thompson, SD Tosca, NJ Wang, A Wanke, H Ward, J Wdowiak, T Wolff, M Yen, A TI Overview of the Spirit Mars Exploration Rover Mission to Gusev Crater: Landing site to Backstay Rock in the Columbia Hills SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MINI-TES; SOILS; SPECTROMETER; OPPORTUNITY; MINERALOGY; CHEMISTRY AB Spirit landed on the floor of Gusev Crater and conducted initial operations on soil-covered, rock-strewn cratered plains underlain by olivine-bearing basalts. Plains surface rocks are covered by wind-blown dust and show evidence for surface enrichment of soluble species as vein and void-filling materials and coatings. The surface enrichment is the result of a minor amount of transport and deposition by aqueous processes. Layered granular deposits were discovered in the Columbia Hills, with outcrops that tend to dip conformably with the topography. The granular rocks are interpreted to be volcanic ash and/or impact ejecta deposits that have been modified by aqueous fluids during and/or after emplacement. Soils consist of basaltic deposits that are weakly cohesive, relatively poorly sorted, and covered by a veneer of wind-blown dust. The soils have been homogenized by wind transport over at least the several kilometer length scale traversed by the rover. Mobilization of soluble species has occurred within at least two soil deposits examined. The presence of monolayers of coarse sand on wind-blown bedforms, together with even spacing of granule-sized surface clasts, suggests that some of the soil surfaces encountered by Spirit have not been modified by wind for some time. On the other hand, dust deposits on the surface and rover deck have changed during the course of the mission. Detection of dust devils, monitoring of the dust opacity and lower boundary layer, and coordinated experiments with orbiters provided new insights into atmosphere-surface dynamics. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. NASA, Ames SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Companhia Vale Rio Doce, BR-20030900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Honeybee Robot, New York, NY 10012 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Massachusetts Inst Technol Earth Atmosphere & Pla, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Harvard Univ, Bot Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92191 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. DLR Inst Space Simulat, Cologne, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Space Sci Inst, Martinez, GA USA. RP Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Campus Box 1169,1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM arvidson@wunder.wustl.edu RI Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010; Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Madsen, Morten/D-2082-2011; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Smith, Michael/C-8875-2012; Hurowitz, Joel/A-8862-2008 OI Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; Madsen, Morten/0000-0001-8909-5111; Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; NR 43 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN 6 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E2 AR E02S01 DI 10.1029/2005JE002499 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 001CG UT WOS:000234510100006 ER PT J AU Farrand, WH Bell, JF Johnson, JR Squyres, SW Soderblom, J Ming, DW AF Farrand, WH Bell, JF Johnson, JR Squyres, SW Soderblom, J Ming, DW TI Spectral variability among rocks in visible and near-infrared multispectral Pancam data collected at Gusev crater: Examinations using spectral mixture analysis and related techniques SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARS-PATHFINDER; SPIRIT ROVER; OPPORTUNITY; COLOR; SITE; SOIL AB Visible and near-infrared ( VNIR) multispectral observations of rocks made by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's Panoramic camera ( Pancam) have been analyzed using a spectral mixture analysis ( SMA) methodology. Scenes have been examined from the Gusev crater plains into the Columbia Hills. Most scenes on the plains and in the Columbia Hills could be modeled as three end-member mixtures of a bright material, rock, and shade. Scenes of rocks disturbed by the rover's Rock Abrasion Tool ( RAT) required additional end-members. In the Columbia Hills, there were a number of scenes in which additional rock end-members were required. The SMA methodology identified relatively dust-free areas on undisturbed rock surfaces as well as spectrally unique areas on RAT abraded rocks. Spectral parameters from these areas were examined, and six spectral classes were identified. These classes are named after a type rock or area and are Adirondack, Lower West Spur, Clovis, Wishstone, Peace, and Watchtower. These classes are discriminable based, primarily, on near-infrared ( NIR) spectral parameters. Clovis and Watchtower class rocks appear more oxidized than Wishstone class rocks and Adirondack basalts based on their having higher 535 nm band depths. Comparison of the spectral parameters of these Gusev crater rocks to parameters of glass-dominated basaltic tuffs indicates correspondence between measurements of Clovis and Watchtower classes but divergence for the Wishstone class rocks, which appear to have a higher fraction of crystalline ferrous iron-bearing phases. Despite a high sulfur content, the rock Peace has NIR properties resembling plains basalts. C1 Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Space Sci Inst, 4750 Walnut St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM farrand@spacescience.org RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 NR 44 TC 47 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN 6 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E2 AR E02S15 DI 10.1029/2005JE002495 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 001CG UT WOS:000234510100005 ER PT J AU Grant, JA Arvidson, RE Crumpler, LS Golombek, MP Hahn, B Haldemann, AFC Li, R Soderblom, LA Squyres, SW Wright, SP Watters, WA AF Grant, JA Arvidson, RE Crumpler, LS Golombek, MP Hahn, B Haldemann, AFC Li, R Soderblom, LA Squyres, SW Wright, SP Watters, WA TI Crater gradation in Gusev crater and Meridiani Planum, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ROVER LANDING SITE; IMPACT CRATERS; SPIRIT ROVER; EJECTA EMPLACEMENT; MICROSCOPIC IMAGER; TERRA-MERIDIANI; BURNS FORMATION; DEGRADATION; DEPOSITS; SOILS AB The Mars Exploration Rovers investigated numerous craters in Gusev crater and Meridiani Planum during the first similar to 400 sols of their missions. Craters vary in size and preservation state but are mostly due to secondary impacts at Gusev and primary impacts at Meridiani. Craters at both locations are modified primarily by eolian erosion and infilling and lack evidence for modification by aqueous processes. Effects of gradation on crater form are dependent on size, local lithology, slopes, and availability of mobile sediments. At Gusev, impacts into basaltic rubble create shallow craters and ejecta composed of resistant rocks. Ejecta initially experience eolian stripping, which becomes weathering-limited as lags develop on ejecta surfaces and sediments are trapped within craters. Subsequent eolian gradation depends on the slow production of fines by weathering and impacts and is accompanied by minor mass wasting. At Meridiani the sulfate-rich bedrock is more susceptible to eolian erosion, and exposed crater rims, walls, and ejecta are eroded, while lower interiors and low-relief surfaces are increasingly infilled and buried by mostly basaltic sediments. Eolian processes outpace early mass wasting, often produce meters of erosion, and mantle some surfaces. Some small craters were likely completely eroded/buried. Craters >100 m in diameter on the Hesperian-aged floor of Gusev are generally more pristine than on the Amazonian-aged Meridiani plains. This conclusion contradicts interpretations from orbital views, which do not readily distinguish crater gradation state at Meridiani and reveal apparently subdued crater forms at Gusev that may suggest more gradation than has occurred. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, 6th & Independence SW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM grantj@si.edu NR 50 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN 6 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E2 AR E02S08 DI 10.1029/2005JE002465 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 001CG UT WOS:000234510100002 ER PT J AU McSween, HY Wyatt, MB Gellert, R Bell, JF Morris, RV Herkenhoff, KE Crumpler, LS Milam, KA Stockstill, KR Tornabene, LL Arvidson, RE Bartlett, P Blaney, D Cabrol, NA Christensen, PR Clark, BC Crisp, JA Des Marais, DJ Economou, T Farmer, JD Farrand, W Ghosh, A Golombek, M Gorevan, S Greeley, R Hamilton, VE Johnson, JR Joliff, BL Klingelhofer, G Knudson, AT McLennan, S Ming, D Moersch, JE Rieder, R Ruff, SW Schroder, C de Souza, PA Squyres, SW Wanke, H Wang, A Yen, A Zipfel, J AF McSween, HY Wyatt, MB Gellert, R Bell, JF Morris, RV Herkenhoff, KE Crumpler, LS Milam, KA Stockstill, KR Tornabene, LL Arvidson, RE Bartlett, P Blaney, D Cabrol, NA Christensen, PR Clark, BC Crisp, JA Des Marais, DJ Economou, T Farmer, JD Farrand, W Ghosh, A Golombek, M Gorevan, S Greeley, R Hamilton, VE Johnson, JR Joliff, BL Klingelhofer, G Knudson, AT McLennan, S Ming, D Moersch, JE Rieder, R Ruff, SW Schroder, C de Souza, PA Squyres, SW Wanke, H Wang, A Yen, A Zipfel, J TI Characterization and petrologic interpretation of olivine-rich basalts at Gusev Crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; ELEPHANT MORAINE A79001; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; SPIRIT ROVER; MARTIAN METEORITE; TRACE-ELEMENT; MGS-TES; SHERGOTTITE; ROCKS; SURFACE AB Rocks on the floor of Gusev crater are basalts of uniform composition and mineralogy. Olivine, the only mineral to have been identified or inferred from data by all instruments on the Spirit rover, is especially abundant in these rocks. These picritic basalts are similar in many respects to certain Martian meteorites ( olivine-phyric shergottites). The olivine megacrysts in both have intermediate compositions, with modal abundances ranging up to 20-30%. Associated minerals in both include low-calcium and high-calcium pyroxenes, plagioclase of intermediate composition, iron-titanium-chromium oxides, and phosphate. These rocks also share minor element trends, reflected in their nickel-magnesium and chromium-magnesium ratios. Gusev basalts and shergottites appear to have formed from primitive magmas produced by melting an undepleted mantle at depth and erupted without significant fractionation. However, apparent differences between Gusev rocks and shergottites in their ages, plagioclase abundances, and volatile contents preclude direct correlation. Orbital determinations of global olivine distribution and compositions by thermal emission spectroscopy suggest that olivine-rich rocks may be widespread. Because weathering under acidic conditions preferentially attacks olivine and disguises such rocks beneath alteration rinds, picritic basalts formed from primitive magmas may even be a common component of the Martian crust formed during ancient and recent times. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Honeybee Robot, New York, NY 10012 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Companhia Vale Rio Doce, BR-20030900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP McSween, HY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mcsween@utk.edu; michael.wyatt@asu.edu; gellert@mpch-mainz.mpg.de; jfb8@cornell.edu; richard.v.morris@nasa.gov; kherkenhoff@usgs.gov; larry_crumpler@mac.com; kmilam@utk.edu; kstockst@utk.edu; ltornabe@utk.edu; arvidson@wunder.wustl.edu; bartlett@honeybeerobotics.com; blaney@jpl.nasa.gov; ncabrol@mail.arc.nasa.gov; phil.christensen@asu.edu; benton.c.clark@lmco.com; joy.crisp@jpl.nasa.gov; david.j.desmarais@nasa.gov; tecon@tecon.uchicago.edu; jfarmer@asu.edu; farrand@colorado.edu; aghosh@cs.utk.edu; matt.golombek@jpl.nasa.gov; govervan@honeybeerobotics.com; greeley@asu.edu; hamilton@higp.hawaii.edu; jrjohnson@usgs.gov; blj@levee.wustl.edu; klingel@mail.uni-mainz.de; amy.knudson@asu.edu; scott.mclennan@sunysb.edu; douglas.w.ming1@jsc.nasa.gov; jmoersch@utk.edu; rieder@mpch-mainz.mpg.de; steve.ruff@asu.edu; schroedc@uni-mainz.de; pasouza03@yahoo.com.br; squyres@astrosun2.astrosun.cornell.edu; waenke@mpch-mainz.mpg.de; alianw@levee.wustl.edu; albert.yen@jpl.nasa.gov; zipfel@mpch-mainz.mpg.de RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Crisp, Joy/H-8287-2016 OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; Crisp, Joy/0000-0002-3202-4416 NR 64 TC 157 Z9 158 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN 6 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E2 AR E02S10 DI 10.1029/2005JE002477 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 001CG UT WOS:000234510100003 ER PT J AU Arzuaga, X Wassenberg, D Di Giulio, R Elskus, A AF Arzuaga, X Wassenberg, D Di Giulio, R Elskus, A TI The chlorinated AHR ligand 3,3 ',4,4 ',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during embryonic development in the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE non-invasive; PCB; CYP450; development; in ovo EROD; in ovo ROS ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CYTOCHROME-P450 1A; INDUCTION; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; TISSUES; 3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL; FISH; RATS AB Exposure to dioxin-like chemicals that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) can result in increased cellular and tissue production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Little is known of these effects during early fish development. We used the fish model, Fundulus heteroclitus, to determine if the AHR ligand and pro-oxidant 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) can increase ROS production during killifish development, and to test a novel method for measuring ROS non-invasively in a living organism. The superoxide-sensitive fluorescent dye, dihydroethidium (DHE), was used to detect in ovo ROS production microscopically in developing killifish exposed to PCB 126 or vehicle. Both in ovo CYP1A activity (ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, EROD) and in ovo ROS were induced by PCB126. In ovo, CYP1A activity was inducible by PCB126 concentrations as low as 0.003 nM, with maximal induction occurring at 0.3 nM PCB 126. These PCB 126 concentrations also significantly increased in ovo ROS production in embryonic liver, ROS being detectable as early as 5 days post-fertilization. These data demonstrate that the pro-oxidant and CYP1A inducer, PCB126, increases both CYP1A activity and ROS production in developing killifish embryos. The superoxide detection assay (SoDA) described in this paper provides a semi-quantitative, easily measured, early indicator of altered ROS production that can be used in conjunction with simultaneous in ovo measurements of CYP1A activity and embryo development to explore functional relationships among biochemical, physiological and developmental responses to AHR ligands. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Grad Ctr Toxicol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, USGS, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Arzuaga, X (reprint author), Grad Ctr Nutr Sci, Suite 585,Charles T Wethington Bldg, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES10356, F31 ES05942-04] NR 36 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 76 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.013 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 002OP UT WOS:000234621100002 PM 16289341 ER PT S AU Boardman, JW Bichl, LL Clark, RN Kruse, FA Mazer, AS Torson, J Staenz, K AF Boardman, Joseph W. Bichl, Larry L. Clark, Roger N. Kruse, Fred A. Mazer, Alan S. Torson, James Staenz, Karl GP IEEE TI Development and Implementation of Software Systems for Imaging Spectroscopy SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE hyperspectral; imaging spectroscopy; software ID VISUALIZATION; EARTH AB Specialized software systems have played a crucial role throughout the twenty-five year course of the development of the new technology of imaging spectroscopy, or hyperspectral remote sensing. By their very nature, hyperspectral data place unique and demanding requirements on the computer software used to visualize, analyze, process and interpret them. Often described as a marriage of the two technologies of reflectance spectroscopy and airborne/spaceborne remote sensing, imaging spectroscopy, in fact, produces data sets with unique qualities, unlike previous remote sensing or spectrometer data. Because of these unique spatial and spectral properties hyperspectral data are not readily processed or exploited with legacy software systems inherited from either of the two parent fields of study. This paper provides brief reviews of seven important software systems developed specifically for imaging spectroscopy. C1 [Boardman, Joseph W.] Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Bichl, Larry L.] Purdue Univ, Informat Technol Purdue ITaP, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Spectroscopy Lab, Denver, CO USA. [Kruse, Fred A.] LLC, Horizon GeoImaging, Frisco, CO USA. [Mazer, Alan S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Torson, James] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Res Program, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Staenz, Karl] Nat Res Canada, Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Boardman, JW (reprint author), Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM boardman@aiglle.com; biehl@purdue.edu; relark@usgs.gov; kruse@hgimaging.com; alan@judv.jpl.nasa.gov; jim.torson@computer.org; Karl.Staenz@CCRS.NRCan.gc.ca FU NASA; Center of the Study of Earth from Space [NAGW1601, NAS5-30552]; CCRS; CSA; MDA FX SIPS was developed under NASA funding at the Center of the Study of Earth from Space (NAGW1601 and NAS5-30552). We acknowledge the support of Alex Goetz, CSES Director. Funding for the research leading to the development of MultiSpec was provided by NASA. The Globe Program provided the support for the initial Windows versions of MultiSpec.; The support of CCRS, CSA, and MDA in the development of ISDAS is gratefully acknowledged. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 1969 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.510 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401102 ER PT S AU Clark, RN Ong, C Boardman, J Pieters, C Mustard, J Swayze, GA Kruse, F AF Clark, Roger N. Ong, Cindy Boardman, Joe Pieters, Carle Mustard, Jack Swayze, Gregg A. Kruse, Fred GP IEEE TI Mineral Mapping and Applications of Imaging Spectroscopy SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE Imaging Spectroscopy; Minerals; Mapping ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; TETRACORDER; CUPRITE; NEVADA; EARTH; MARS AB Spectroscopy is a tool that has been used for decades to identify, understand, and quantify solid, liquid, or gaseous materials, especially in the laboratory. In disciplines ranging from astronomy to chemistry, spectroscopic measurements are used to detect absorption and emission features due to specific chemical bonds, and detailed analyses are used to determine the abundance and physical state of the detected absorbing/emitting species. Spectroscopic measurements have a long history in the study of the Earth and planets. Up to the 1990s remote spectroscopic measurements of Earth and planets were dominated by multispectral imaging experiments that collect high-quality images in a few, usually broad, spectral bands or with point spectrometers that obtained good spectral resolution but at only a few spatial positions. However, a new generation of sensors is now available that combines imaging with spectroscopy to create the new discipline of imaging spectroscopy. Imaging spectrometers acquire data with enough spectral range, resolution, and sampling at every pixel in a raster image so that individual absorption features can be identified and spatially mapped (Goetz et al., 1985). C1 [Clark, Roger N.; Swayze, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, MS 964,Box 25046 Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ong, Cindy] CSIRO, Explorat & Min, S Perth, WA 6151, Australia. [Boardman, Joe] LLC, Analyt Imaging & Geophys, Boulder, CO USA. [Pieters, Carle; Mustard, Jack] Brown Univ, Providence, RI USA. [Kruse, Fred] LLC, Horizon GeoImaging, Frisco, CO 80443 USA. RP Clark, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 964,Box 25046 Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM relark@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 1986 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.514 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401106 ER PT S AU Swayze, GA Livo, KE Clark, RN Hoefen, TM Higgins, CT Ong, C Kokaly, RF Kruse, FA AF Swayze, Gregg A. Livo, K. Eric Clark, Roger N. Hoefen, Todd M. Higgins, Chris T. Ong, Cindy Kokaly, Raymond F. Kruse, Fred A. GP IEEE TI Evaluating Minerals of Environmental Concern Using Spectroscopy SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE Imaging Spectroscopy; acid-rock drainage; naturally occurring asbestos; World Trade Center dust AB Imaging spectroscopy has been successfully used to aid researchers in characterizing potential environmental impacts posed by acid-rock drainage, ore-processing dust on mangroves, and asbestos in serpentine mineral deposits and urban dust. Many of these applications synergistically combine field spectroscopy with remote sensing data, thus allowing more-precise data calibration, spectral analysis of the data, and verification of mapping. The increased accuracy makes these environmental evaluation tools efficient because they can be used to focus field work on those areas most critical to the research effort. The use of spectroscopy to evaluate minerals of environmental concern pushes current imaging spectrometer technology to its limits; we present laboratory results that indicate the direction for future designs of imaging spectrometers. C1 [Swayze, Gregg A.; Livo, K. Eric; Clark, Roger N.; Hoefen, Todd M.; Kokaly, Raymond F.] US Geol Survey, MS964,Box 25046 Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Higgins, Chris T.] Calif Geol Survey, Dept Conservat, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Ong, Cindy] CSIRO, Explorat & Min, S Perth, WA 6151, Australia. [Kruse, Fred A.] LLC, Horizon GeoImaging, Frisco, CO 80443 USA. RP Swayze, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS964,Box 25046 Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gswayze@usgs.gov RI Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017 OI Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 1990 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.515 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401107 ER PT S AU Schaepman, ME Green, RO Ungar, SG Curtiss, B Boardman, J Plaza, AJ Gao, BC Ustin, S Kokaly, R Miller, JR Jacquemoud, S Ben-Dor, E Clark, R Davis, C Dozier, J Goodenough, DG Roberts, D Swayze, G Milton, EJ Goetz, AFH AF Schaepman, Michael E. Green, Robert O. Ungar, Stephen G. Curtiss, Brian Boardman, Joe Plaza, Antonio J. Gao, Bo-Cai Ustin, Susan Kokaly, Raymond Miller, John R. Jacquemoud, Stephane Ben-Dor, Eyal Clark, Roger Davis, Curtiss Dozier, Jeff Goodenough, David G. Roberts, Dar Swayze, Gregg Milton, Edward J. Goetz, Alex F. H. GP IEEE TI The Future of Imaging Spectroscopy - Prospective Technologies and Applications SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE imaging spectroscopy; imaging spectrometry; hyperspectral; applications; technology ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SPECTROMETER; CLASSIFICATION; REFLECTANCE; EARTH; ORBIT; INFORMATION; SPECTRUM; LOOKING AB Spectroscopy has existed for more than three centuries now. Nonetheless, significant scientific advances have been achieved. We discuss the history of spectroscopy in relation to emerging technologies and applications. Advanced focal plane arrays, optical design, and intelligent on-board logic are prime prospective technologies. Scalable approaches in pre-processing of imaging spectrometer data will receive additional focus, Finally, we focus on new applications monitoring transitional ecological zones, where human impact and disturbance have highest impact as well as in monitoring changes in our natural resources and environment. We conclude that imaging spectroscopy enables mapping of biophysical and biochemical variables of the Earth's surface and atmospheric composition with unprecedented accuracy. C1 [Schaepman, Michael E.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Ctr Geoinformat, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Green, Robert O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Ungar, Stephen G.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MA USA. [Curtiss, Brian] Analyt Spectrum Devices Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Boardman, Joe] Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, Boulder, CO USA. [Plaza, Antonio J.] Univ Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain. [Gao, Bo-Cai] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Ustin, Susan] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Kokaly, Raymond; Swayze, Gregg] USGS, Denver, CO USA. [Miller, John R.] York Univ, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Jacquemoud, Stephane] Univ Paris 07, Paris, France. [Ben-Dor, Eyal] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. [Davis, Curtiss] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR USA. [Goodenough, David G.; Roberts, Dar] Univ Calif, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Goodenough, David G.] Nat Resources Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Milton, Edward J.] Univ Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. [Goetz, Alex F. H.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO USA. RP Schaepman, ME (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Ctr Geoinformat, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. EM michael.schaepman@wur.nl RI Plaza, Antonio/C-4455-2008; Schaepman, Michael/B-9213-2009; Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017; OI Plaza, Antonio/0000-0002-9613-1659; Schaepman, Michael/0000-0002-9627-9565; Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101; Dozier, Jeff/0000-0001-8542-431X FU IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of their employing institutions. We are also grateful for the support of the organizers of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Societys IGARSS conferences. A portion of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2005 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.519 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401111 ER PT B AU Yang, F Mlsna, PA Geissler, P AF Yang, Feng Mlsna, Phillip A. Geissler, Paul GP IEEE Computer Society TI Gaussian-Based filters for detecting martian dust devils SO 7TH IEEE SOUTHWEST SYMPOSIUM ON IMAGE ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation (SSIAI 2006) CY MAR 26-28, 2006 CL Denver, CO AB The ability to automatically detect dust devils in the Martian atmosphere from orbital imagery is becoming important both for scientific studies of the planet and for the planning of future robotic and manned missions. This paper describes our approach for the unsupervised detection of dust devils and the preliminary results achieved to date. The algorithm centers upon the use of a filter constructed from Gaussian profiles to match dust devil characteristics over a range of scale and orientation. The classification step is designed to reduce false positive errors caused by static surface features such as craters. A brief discussion of planned future work is included. C1 [Yang, Feng; Mlsna, Phillip A.] No Arizona Univ, Elect Engn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Geissler, Paul] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Yang, F (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Elect Engn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM feng.yang@nau.edu; phillip.mlsna@nau.edu; pgeissler@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 1-4244-0069-4 PY 2006 BP 46 EP + PG 3 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEG27 UT WOS:000237208000010 ER PT B AU Shankar, V Rodriguez, JJ Gettings, ME AF Shankar, Vivek Rodriguez, Jeffrey J. Gettings, Mark E. GP IEEE Computer Society TI Texture analysis for automated classification of geologic structures SO 7TH IEEE SOUTHWEST SYMPOSIUM ON IMAGE ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation (SSIAI 2006) CY MAR 26-28, 2006 CL Denver, CO AB Texture present in aeromagnetic anomaly images offers an abundance of useful geological information for discriminating between rock types, but current analysis of such images still relies on tedious, human interpretation. This study is believed to be the first effort to quantitatively assess the performance of texture-based digital image analysis for this geophysical exploration application. We computed several texture measures and determined the best subset using automated feature selection techniques. Pattern classification experiments measured the ability of various texture measures to automatically predict rock types. The classification accuracy was significantly better than a priori probability and prior weights-of-evidence results. The accuracy rates and choice of texture measures that minimize the error rate are reported. C1 [Shankar, Vivek; Rodriguez, Jeffrey J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gettings, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Shankar, V (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rodriguez@ece.arizona.edu; mgetting@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 1-4244-0069-4 PY 2006 BP 81 EP + PG 3 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEG27 UT WOS:000237208000017 ER PT B AU Mlsna, PA Becker, T AF Mlsna, Phillip A. Becker, Tammy GP IEEE Computer Society TI Striping artifact reduction in Lunar Orbiter mosaic images SO 7TH IEEE SOUTHWEST SYMPOSIUM ON IMAGE ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation (SSIAI 2006) CY MAR 26-28, 2006 CL Denver, CO AB Photographic images of the moon from the 1960s Lunar Orbiter missions are being processed into maps for visual use. The analog nature of the images has produced numerous artifacts, the chief of which causes a vertical striping pattern in mosaic images formed from a series of film strips. Previous methods of stripe removal tended to introduce ringing and aliasing problems in the image data. This paper describes a recently developed alternative approach that succeeds at greatly reducing the striping artifacts while avoiding the creation of ringing and aliasing artifacts. The algorithm uses a one dimensional frequency domain step to deal with the periodic component of the striping artifact and a spatial domain step to handle the aperiodic residue. Several variations of the algorithm have been explored. Results, strengths, and remaining challenges are presented. C1 [Mlsna, Phillip A.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Becker, Tammy] US Geol Survey, Astrogeology Res Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Mlsna, PA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM phillip.mlsna@nau.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 1-4244-0069-4 PY 2006 BP 95 EP + PG 2 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEG27 UT WOS:000237208000020 ER PT J AU Beveroth, TA Ward, MP Lampman, RL Ringia, AM Novak, RJ AF Beveroth, TA Ward, MP Lampman, RL Ringia, AM Novak, RJ TI Changes in seroprevalence of West Nile virus across Illinois in free-ranging birds from 2001 through 2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; TRANSMISSION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; ANTIBODIES; CALIFORNIA; CULEX AB birds were seropositive. Our multiple year surveillance identified several avian species that had particularly high percentages of seropositive individuals. The importance of these species in the enzootic and/or epizootic transmission of WNV is discussed relative to their regional abundance and literature on host competency. The species with the highest exposure rates to WNV differed both temporally and regionally. In general, birds that bred or were born in Illinois were more likely to have antibodies than transient birds. There was also a significant difference in the seroprevalence between adults (12.1%) and juveniles (5.5%), indicating that the acquired antibody response from previous years is a critical concern when interpreting seroprevalence rates in wild-caught birds. The most common hosts for St. Louis encephalitis virus were also the most common hosts for WNV, which strongly supports the role of similar vectors for both flaviviruses. Avian species with high WNV scroprevalence rates tended to be those that bred throughout the year, have open cup nests, and live in close proximity to humans. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Med Entomol Lab, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bronx, NY USA. RP Novak, RJ (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Med Entomol Lab, 1910 Griffith Dr,N 104 Annex, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM beveroth@uiuc.edu; mpward@uiuc.edu; rlampman@uiuc.edu; ringia@yahoo.com; rjnovak@uiuc.edu FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU 52051] NR 31 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 BP 174 EP 179 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 002OV UT WOS:000234621800029 PM 16407365 ER PT J AU Vokoun, JC Rabeni, CF AF Vokoun, JC Rabeni, CF TI Summer diel activity and movement paths of flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) in two Missouri streams SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID BROWN TROUT; HABITAT USE; RIVER; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; BASS AB Within an ongoing round-the-clock radiotracking project, a subset of adult flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris (n = 6) was continuously radio-tracked for 24 h to determine detailed diel movement path characteristics and activity in two Missouri streams. The ongoing radiotracking revealed that only a small percentage of point-in-time relocations were recorded as moving, while the majority (greater than 90% for every hour of the day) found fish stationary. The continuously-tracked subset of catfish generally moved by making discrete directed movements from one location to another, with locations corresponding to a physical habitat feature (large woody debris, clay point, undercut bank). All fish revisited locations during the 24-h tracking efforts. Movements were less than 100 m during early afternoon and the first 2 h after sunset, with longer movements undertaken from 2100 through the night to the 0500 hour, ceasing at sunrise. Movement paths had a median distance of 641.16 m with american activity radius of 66.55 m. Fish spent a median 23.33 h stationary and 0.67 h moving during the diel cycle. The continuous tracking effort resulted in finer resolution and detail than was evident in the larger, typical point-in-time tracking dataset which did not highlight an early afternoon activity period, perhaps due to short, quick movements made at that time. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Vokoun, JC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jason.vokoun@uconn.edu NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 155 IS 1 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[0113:SDAAMP]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006MV UT WOS:000234902500010 ER PT J AU Stone, DM Gorman, OT AF Stone, DM Gorman, OT TI Ontogenesis of endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha) in the Little Colorado River, Arizona SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GRAND-CANYON; HABITAT USE; SEMOTILUS-ATROMACULATUS; CYPRINID FISH; DIEL ACTIVITY; CREEK CHUB; STREAM; ASSOCIATION; ENVIRONMENT; PATTERNS AB The largest population of endangered humpback chub Gila cypha inhabits the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam and the lower 14 km of the Little Colorado River (LCR), Arizona. Currently, adults from both rivers spawn and their progenies grow and recruit to adulthood primarily within the LCR, where we studied G.cypha's life history using hoop net capture data. Humpback chub undergo an ontogenesis from diurnally active, vulnerable, nearshore-reliant young-of-the-year (YOY, 30-90 mm total length) into nocturnally active, large-bodied adults (>= 180 mm TL). During the day, adults primarily resided in deep midchannel pools; however, at night they dispersed inshore amongst the higher densities of YOY conspecifics. Many YOY G. cypha shifted to nocturnal habitats that provided greater cover, possibly, to avoid inshore invading adults. These findings mirror predator-prey scenarios described in other freshwater assemblages, but do not refute other plausible hypotheses. Gila cypha piscivorous activity may escalate in hoop nets, which can confine fish of disparate sizes together; adults were significantly associated with YOY conspecifics and small dead fish in hoop nets at night and eight G. cypha (156-372 mm TL) regurgritated and/or defecated other fish body parts during handling following capture. Gila cypha can definitely be piscivorous given the opportunity, but the magnitude of their piscivorous activity in the wild is debatable. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Stone, DM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 338, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. EM Dennis_Stone@fws.gov; Owen_Gorman@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 155 IS 1 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[0123:OOEHCG]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006MV UT WOS:000234902500011 ER PT J AU Smith, LL Barichivich, WJ Staiger, JS Smith, KG Dodd, CK AF Smith, LL Barichivich, WJ Staiger, JS Smith, KG Dodd, CK TI Detection probabilities and site occupancy estimates for amphibians at Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID POPULATION DECLINES AB We conducted an amphibian inventory at Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge from August 2000 to June 2002 as part of the U.S. Department of the Interior's national Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Nineteen species of amphibians (15 anurans and 4 caudates) were documented within the Refuge, including one protected species, the Gopher Frog Rana capito. We also collected 1 y of monitoring data for amphibian populations and incorporated the results into the inventory. Detection probabilities and site occupancy estimates for four species, the Pinewoods Treefrog (Hyla femoralis), Pig Frog (Rana grylio), Southern Leopard Frog (R. sphenocephala) and Carpenter Frog (R. virgatipes) are presented here. Detection probabilities observed in this study indicate that spring and summer surveys offer the best opportunity to detect these species in the Refuge. Results of the inventory suggest that substantial changes may have occurred in the amphibian fauna within and adjacent to the swamp. However, monitoring the amphibian community of Okefenokee Swami) will prove difficult because of the logistical challenges associated with a rigorous statistical assessment of status and trends. C1 Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Smith, LL (reprint author), Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Route 2,Box 2324, Newton, GA 39870 USA. EM lora.smith@jonesctr.org RI Smith, Kevin/A-5044-2010 NR 30 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 155 IS 1 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[0149:DPASOE]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006MV UT WOS:000234902500013 ER PT J AU Britzke, ER Hicks, AC Von Oettingen, SL Darling, SR AF Britzke, ER Hicks, AC Von Oettingen, SL Darling, SR TI Description of spring roost trees used by female Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) in the Lake Champlain Valley of Vermont and New York SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Extensive effort has been directed at the roosting ecology of the federally endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) during the maternity season; however, spring roosting ecology has received much less attention. In April 2002, radio transmitters were attached to the back of 19 female Indiana bats as they emerged from a hibernaculum in northeastern New York. Thirty-nine roost trees were found in the vicinity of the Lake Champlain Valley of New York and Vermont over the span of 224 bat days (i.e., 1 bat located for 1 d equals 1 bat day). Distances from hibernaculum to roost trees ranged from 14.6 to 40.0 km (mean = 26.9 km). Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata) was the most common (33.3% of all trees, 39.7% of all bat days) of 11 tree species used. Roost trees had a mean diameter of 45.6 cm, were 18.9 m tall and ware similar in structure to those used during summer by Indiana bats elsewhere in their range. This study provides the first large-scale examination of trees used by female Indiana bats after spring emergence, supplying critical life history information useful for the conservation of this species. C1 New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New England Field Off, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Dept, Rutland, VT 05701 USA. RP Britzke, ER (reprint author), 815 Dillard St, Forrest City, AR 72335 USA. EM Ebritzke@sbcglobal.net NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 155 IS 1 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[0181:DOSRTU]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006MV UT WOS:000234902500016 ER PT J AU McCleery, RA Lopez, RR Silvy, NJ Frank, PA Klett, SB AF McCleery, RA Lopez, RR Silvy, NJ Frank, PA Klett, SB TI Population status and habitat selection of the endangered Key Largo woodrat SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NEOTOMA-FLORIDANA-SMALLI; PEROMYSCUS-GOSSYPINUS-ALLAPATICOLA; PREDATION AB Over the last two decades, declines in trap success, stick-nest density and population density estimates have fueled concerns that the federally endangered Key Largo woodrat (KLWR, Neotoma floridana smalli) population is declining. Information on the current population status and habitat selection of KLWR is needed in the recovery of this population. We trapped on 60 (1-ha) randomly-placed grids (20 grids in each of three hardwood hammock age-classes). Grids were trapped from March-September 2002 and April-August 2004. Population estimates for the two trapping periods were 106 (95% cI 30-182) and 40 (95% cI 5-104) individuals, respectively. Greater than 80% of all KLWRs captures occurred in the young hammock age-classes (disturbed after 1971). Young hammocks were characterized by a more open canopy, smaller overstory trees, fewer logs, greater dispersion of overstory trees and a different species composition than old and medium age hammocks (P < 0.024). Contrary to previous research, KLWRs were found to nest in rock piles and garbage piles more than other materials. Results from this study suggest the KLWR population is critically low a id management efforts should focus on the creation and restoration of young hammock habitats. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Key Deer Refuge, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. RP McCleery, RA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, MS 2258, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM iamnotfunny@tamu.edu OI McCleery, Robert/0000-0001-7018-005X NR 41 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 155 IS 1 BP 197 EP 209 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[0197:PSAHSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006MV UT WOS:000234902500018 ER PT J AU Laves, KS Loeb, SC AF Laves, KS Loeb, SC TI Differential estimates of southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) population structure based on capture method SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SMALL MAMMALS; MICROTUS-TOWNSENDII; HOME-RANGE; LIVE-TRAP; ABUNDANCE; PITFALL; HABITAT; SUCCESS AB It is commonly assumed that population estimates derived from trapping small mammals are accurate and unbiased or that estimates derived from different capture methods are comparable. We captured southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) using two methods to study their effect on red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) reproductive success. Southern flying squirrels were captured at and removed from 30 red-cockaded woodpecker cluster sites during March to July 1994 and 1995 using Sherman traps placed in a grid encompassing a red-cockaded woodpecker nest tree and by hand from red-cockaded woodpecker cavities. Totals of 195 (1994) and 190 (1995) red-cockaded woodpecker cavities were examined at least three times each year. Trappability of southern flying squirrels in Sherman traps was significantly greater in 1995 (1.18%; 22,384 trap nights) than in 1994 (0.42%; 20,384 trap nights), and capture rate of southern flying squirrels in cavities was significantly greater in 1994 (22.7%; 502 cavity inspections) than in 1995 (10.8%; 555 cavity inspections). However, more southern flying squirrels were captured per cavity inspection than per Sherman trap night in both years. Male southern flying squirrels were more likely to be captured from cavities than in Sherman traps in 1994, but not in 1995. Both male and female juveniles were more likely to be captured in cavities than in traps in both years. In 1994 males in reproductive condition were more likely to be captured in cavities than in traps and in 1995 we captured significantly more reproductive females in cavities than in traps. Our data suggest that population estimates based solely on one trapping method may not represent true population size or structure of southern flying squirrels. C1 Clemson Univ, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Loeb, SC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sloeb@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 155 IS 1 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[0237:DEOSFS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006MV UT WOS:000234902500021 ER PT J AU Roeloffs, EA AF Roeloffs, Evelyn A. TI Evidence for aseismic deformation rate changes prior to earthquakes SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES SE Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE geodesy; seismology; subduction; faults; earthquake prediction ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; TIDAL MARSH STRATIGRAPHY; OCEANIC TRANSFORM FAULTS; 1960 CHILEAN EARTHQUAKE; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; URAKAWA-OKI EARTHQUAKE; 1985 KETTLEMAN HILLS; LONG VALLEY CALDERA AB For ten earthquakes in nonmagmatic settings, there are credible published accounts of pre-earthquake deformation-rate changes lasting hundreds of seconds to more than a decade. Although most M > 7.5 earthquakes have occurred without detectable pre-earthquake deformation, the detection threshold for aseismic deformation remains high, in that aseismic slip with moment equivalent to an M5 earthquake would in most (although not all) cases have been missed. Interseismic deformation rates vary without being followed by earthquakes and a strain-rate change prior to the 1989 M(w)6.9 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake is shown to be similar in size to many other rate changes that have occurred since that time. Most examples of pre-earthquake aseismic deformation lasting hundreds of seconds or more probably originate adjacent to, or downdip of, the seismic rupture plane, rather than within the zone that undergoes seismic failure. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Roeloffs, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM evelynr@usgs.gov NR 109 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 14 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2006 VL 34 BP 591 EP 627 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.124947 PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 054MI UT WOS:000238380600020 ER PT J AU McGuire, AD Chapin, FS Walsh, JE Wirth, C AF McGuire, A. David Chapin, F. S., III Walsh, John E. Wirth, Christian TI Integrated regional changes in arctic climate feedbacks: Implications for the global climate system SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE albedo; climate system; greenhouse gases; permafrost; polar amplification ID SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; HIGH NORTHERN LATITUDES; TRACE GAS-EXCHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; SEA-ICE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; TUNDRA VEGETATION AB The Arctic is a key part of the global climate system because the net positive energy input to the tropics must ultimately be resolved through substantial energy losses in high-latitude regions. The Arctic influences the global climate system through both positive and negative feedbacks that involve physical, ecological, and human systems of the Arctic. The balance of evidence suggests that positive feedbacks to global warming will likely dominate in the Arctic during the next 50 to 100 years. However, the negative feedbacks associated with changing the freshwater balance of the Arctic Ocean might abruptly launch the planet into another glacial period on longer timescales. In light of uncertainties and the vulnerabilities of the climate system to responses in the Arctic, it is important that we improve our understanding of how integrated regional changes in the Arctic will likely influence the evolution of the global climate system. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP McGuire, AD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffadm@uaf.edu; terry.chapin@uaf.edu; jwalsh@iarc.uaf.edu; cwirth@bgc-jena.mpg.de OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 149 TC 134 Z9 136 U1 7 U2 86 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5938 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. PY 2006 VL 31 BP 61 EP 91 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.31.020105.100253 PG 35 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 109QZ UT WOS:000242324900004 ER PT S AU Stolz, JE Basu, P Santini, JM Oremland, RS AF Stolz, John E. Basu, Partha Santini, Joanne M. Oremland, Ronald S. TI Arsenic and selenium in microbial metabolism SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY SE Annual Review of Microbiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE selenate respiration; selenocysteine; arsenate reductase; arsenite oxidase; biogeochemical cycles; organoarsenicals ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; FRESH-WATER BACTERIA; MONO LAKE WATER; SP-NOV.; ELEMENTAL SELENIUM; ALCALIGENES-FAECALIS; RESPIRING BACTERIUM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POULTRY LITTER AB Arsenic and selenium are readily metabolized by prokaryotes, participating in a full range of metabolic functions including assimilation, methylation, detoxification, and anaerobic respiration. Arsenic speciation and mobility is affected by microbes through oxidation/reduction reactions as part of resistance and respiratory processes. A robust arsenic cycle has been demonstrated in diverse environments. Respiratory arsenate reductases, arsenic methyltransferases, and new components in arsenic resistance have been recently described. The requirement for selenium stems primarily from its incorporation into selenocysteine and its function in selenoenzymes. Selenium oxyanions can serve as an electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration, forming distinct nanoparticles of elemental selenium that may be enriched in (76)Se. The biogenesis of selenoproteins has been elucidated, and selenium methyltransferases and a respiratory selenate reductase have also been described. This review highlights recent advances in ecology, biochemistry, and molecular biology and provides a prelude to the impact of genomics studies. C1 Duquesne Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. UCL, Dept Biol, London WCIE 6BT, England. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stolz, JE (reprint author), Duquesne Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. EM stolz@duq.edu; basu@duq.edu; j.santini@ucl.ac.uk; roremlan@usgs.gov NR 149 TC 247 Z9 263 U1 20 U2 157 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4227 BN 978-0-8243-1160-5 J9 ANNU REV MICROBIOL JI Annu. Rev. Microbiol. PY 2006 VL 60 BP 107 EP 130 DI 10.1146/annurev.micro.60.080805.142053 PG 24 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 105LW UT WOS:000242032500006 PM 16704340 ER PT B AU Golynsky, A Chiappini, M Damaske, D Ferraccioli, F Finn, CA Ishihara, T Kim, HR Kovacs, L Masolov, VN Morris, P von Frese, R AF Golynsky, A Chiappini, M Damaske, D Ferraccioli, F Finn, CA Ishihara, T Kim, HR Kovacs, L Masolov, VN Morris, P von Frese, R BE Futterer, DK Damaske, D Kleinschmidt, G Miller, H Tessensohn, F TI ADMAP -A digital magnetic anomaly map of the Antarctic SO ANTARCTICA: CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Potsdam Univ, Potsdam, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Sci Comm Antarctic Res, Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Meeresforsch, Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, Cambridge Univ Press, Helicopter New Zealand Ltd, Helicopter Resources Pty Ltd, Kassbohrer Gelandefahrzeug AG, Reederei Ferdinand Laiesz, Rieber Shipping Norway HO Potsdam Univ ID TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; VICTORIA LAND; WEDDELL SEA; ROSS SEA; GONDWANA AB For a number of years the multi-national ADMAP working group has been compiling near surface and satellite magnetic data in the region south of 60 degrees S. By the end of 2000, a 5 km grid of magnetic anomalies was produced for the entire region. The map readily portrays the first-order magnetic differences between oceanic and continental regions. The magnetic anomaly pattern over the continent reflects many phases of geological history whilst that over the abyssal plains of the surrounding oceans is dominated mostly by patterns of linear seafloor spreading anomalies and fracture zones. The Antarctic compilation reveals terranes of varying ages, including Proterozoic-Archaean cratons, Proterozoic-Palaeozoic mobile belts, Palaeozoic-Cenozoic magmatic arc systems and other important crustal features. The map delineates intra-continental rifts and major rifts along the Antarctic continental margin, the regional extent of plutons and volcanics, such as the Ferrar dolerites and Kirkpatrick basalts. The magnetic anomaly map of the Antarctic together with other geological and geophysical information provides new perspectives on the break-up of Gondwana and Rodinia evolution. C1 VNIIOkeangeol, Angliysky Ave 1, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. INGV, I-00143 Rome, Italy. BGR, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. Univ Genoa, DIPTERIS, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. US Geol Survey, Denver 80255, CO USA. Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. PMGRE, Lomonosov 189510, Russia. British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP VNIIOkeangeol, Angliysky Ave 1, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. EM sasha@vniio.nw.ru NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-30673-0 PY 2006 BP 109 EP + DI 10.1007/3-540-32934-X_12 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BEB93 UT WOS:000236632500012 ER PT B AU Finn, CA Goodge, JW Damaske, D Fanning, CM AF Finn, CA Goodge, JW Damaske, D Fanning, CM BE Futterer, DK Damaske, D Kleinschmidt, G Miller, H Tessensohn, F TI Scouting Craton's edge in Paleo-Pacific Gondwana SO ANTARCTICA: CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Potsdam Univ, Potsdam, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Sci Comm Antarctic Res, Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Meeresforsch, Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, Cambridge Univ Press, Helicopter New Zealand Ltd, Helicopter Resources Pty Ltd, Kassbohrer Gelandefahrzeug AG, Reederei Ferdinand Laiesz, Rieber Shipping Norway HO Potsdam Univ ID TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; EAST ANTARCTICA; UPPER-MANTLE; AUSTRALIA; CONSTRAINTS; CRUSTAL; MARGIN; SUPERCONTINENT; LAURENTIA; GRAVITY AB The geology of the ice-covered interior of the East Antarctic shield is completely unknown; inferences about its composition and history are based on extrapolating scant outcrops from the coast inland. Although the shield is clearly composite in nature, a large part of its interior has been represented by a single Precambrian block, termed the Mawson block, that includes the Archean-Mesoproterozoic Gawler and Curnamona cratons of Australia. In Australia, the Mawson block is bounded on the east by Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks and the superimposed early Paleozoic Delamerian Orogen, marked by curvilinear belts of arc plutons, and on the west by the unexposed Coompana block and Mesoproterozoic Albany-Fraser mobile belt. In Antarctica, these crustal elements are inferred to extend across Wilkes Land and south to the Miller Range region. Aero- and satellite magnetic data provide a means to see through the ice, helping to elucidate the broad composition of the shield. Rocks of the Mawson block in Australia produce distinctive magnetic anomalies; Paleoproterozoic granites and Meso- to Neoproterozoic mafic igneous rocks are associated with high-amplitude, broad-wavelength positive aero- and satellite-magnetic anomalies. The same types of magnetic anomalies can be traced to ice-covered Wilkes Land, Antarctica, and are interpreted to signify similar rocks. However, the diagnostic satellite magnetic high ends -800 km south of the Antarctic coast, suggesting that the Mawson block is smaller than first proposed and that the remaining East Antarctic shield is composed of several Precambrian crustal blocks of largely undetermined composition and age. Nonetheless, the coincident eastern borders of these magnetic highs and high seismic-velocity anomalies characteristic of the Precambrian shield, together define the edge of thick cratonic lithosphere. East of this boundary, magnetic lows are explained by magnetite-poor upper Neoproterozoic and lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, and their metamorphic equivalents, which crop out discontinuously along the Ross margin of Antarctica and in eastern Australia. These rocks are inferred to overlie a Neoproterozoic rift margin, which transects older basement provinces. The coincidence of this cratonic rift boundary with the western limit of Paleozoic and Jurassic magmatism suggests that, although tectonically modified by younger events, the composite Antarctic-Australian shield comprised thick lithosphere that was not penetrated by Paleozoic and younger convergent-margin magmas. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 945, Denver, CO 80226 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol Sci, Duluth, MN USA. Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, Hannover, Germany. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 945, Denver, CO 80226 USA. RI Fanning, C. Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Fanning, C. Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 FU National Science Foundation [OPP-0232042]; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Sergei Pisarevsky for rotating the magnetic data into their SWEAT configurations. Helpful reviews by Fausto Ferraccioli, Ian Fitzsimons, Bob Kucks and Anne McCafferty greatly improved the manuscript. CAFs work was funded by National Science Foundation Grant OPP-0232042 and U.S. Geological Survey. JWGs work was funded by National Science Foundation Grant OPP-0232042. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-30673-0 PY 2006 BP 165 EP + DI 10.1007/3-540-32934-X_20 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BEB93 UT WOS:000236632500020 ER PT B AU Bell, TA Foott, JS Clemens, K Gutenberger, S Brunson, R Thoesen, J Nelson, R Heil, N Coll, J Hudson, C AF Bell, Thomas A. Foott, J. Scott Clemens, Kathy Gutenberger, Susan Brunson, Ray Thoesen, John Nelson, Rick Heil, Norm Coll, John Hudson, Crystal BE Scarfe, AD Lee, CS OBryen, PJ TI The US Fish & Wildlife Service's "Aquatic Animal Health Policy": Innovative Approaches to Managing Diseases in Traditional and Special-Case Aquatic Animals SO AQUACULTURE BIOSECURITY: PREVENTION, CONTROL, AND ERADICATION OF AQUATIC ANIMAL DISEASE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service recently revised its internal "Fish Health Policy" chapters in the Service's Manual. The chapters are now referred to as the "Aquatic Animal Health Policy" (AAHP), as the Service now holds and rears a greater number of species within the National Fish Hatchery System, including non-finfish. Potentially accompanying this increased diversity of species may be new aquatic animal pathogens of which little are known. Additionally, many of these new pathogens have yet to be discovered. The new AAHP has been extensively reviewed within the Service, and by agencies and organizations outside of the Service. The AAHP was developed to (a) be more readily adaptable to current needs and (b) address animal health risk-assessment needs relative to "new" and little-understood species under care of the Service. In addition, the AAHP contains a new chapter dedicated to newly developed animal health risk-assessment tools designed specifically to assist resource managers in minimizing the health risks associated with the movement of special-case aquatic species (e. g., threatened and endangered species) onto and off of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service facilities. To make the best decisions possible relative to the U.S. aquatic resources, resource managers must first be equipped with information soundly based on facts and high-confidence-level scientific opinions. These new tools allow aquatic animal health professionals to (a) proactively inform resource managers of the level of risk associated with imminent aquatic animal movements, especially those of special-case animals and (b) recommend means to mitigate or remove risks associated with such animal movements. C1 [Bell, Thomas A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Natl Fish Hatchery Syst, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Brunson, Ray] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Olympia Fish Hlth Ctr, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Clemens, Kathy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fish Hlth Ctr, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. [Coll, John] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar Fish Hlth Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Foott, J. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Nevada Fish Hlth Ctr, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. [Gutenberger, Susan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Columbia Fish Hlth Ctr, Underwood, WA 98651 USA. [Heil, Norm] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Hlth Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. [Hudson, Crystal] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Nelson, Rick] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, LaCrosse Fish Hlth Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. [Thoesen, John] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pinetop Fish Hlth Ctr, Pinetop, AZ 85935 USA. RP Bell, TA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Natl Fish Hatchery Syst, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM thomas_a_bell@fws.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47037-685-0 PY 2006 BP 55 EP 67 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BYA12 UT WOS:000297744300006 ER PT J AU Sherry, JP Whyte, JJ Karrow, NA Gamble, A Boerman, HJ Bols, NC Dixon, DG Solomon, KR AF Sherry, JP Whyte, JJ Karrow, NA Gamble, A Boerman, HJ Bols, NC Dixon, DG Solomon, KR TI The effect of creosote on vitellogenin production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; IN-VITRO; EXPOSURE; FISH; LIVER; DISRUPTION; EFFLUENTS; BIOMARKER; ESTROGEN; READER AB As part of a broader investigation into the effects of creosote treatments on the aquatic biota in pond microcosms, we examined the possible implications for vitellogenin (Vtg) production in Oncorhynchus mykiss [rainbow trout (RT)]. Vtg is the precursor of egg yolk protein and has emerged as a useful biomarker of exposure to estrogenic substances. Our a priori intent was to assess the ability of the creosote treatments (nominal cresoste concentrations were 0, 3, and 10 mu l/L immediately after the last subsurface addition) to induce estrogenic responses in RT. The data showed no evidence of an estrooenic response in the treated fish. During the course of the experiment, however, the fish matured and began to produce Vtg. probably in response to endogenous estrogen. A posteriori analysis of the Vtg data from the maturing fish showed that after 28 days, the plasma Vtg concentrations were about 15-fold lower in fish from the creosote-treated microcosms compared with fish from the reference microcosm. Although the experiment design does not permit mechanistic insights, our observation suggests that exposure of female fish to PAH mixtures such as creosote can impair the production of Vtg with possible health implications for embryos and larvae. C1 Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Biomed Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Guelph, Ctr Toxicol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, AScI Corp, Biochem & Physiol Branch, Columbia, MO USA. RP Sherry, JP (reprint author), Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Natl Water Res Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM jim.sherry@ec.gc.ca NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s00244-004-0255-1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 998DF UT WOS:000234298100008 PM 16328621 ER PT J AU Meyer, JS Suedkamp, MJ Morris, JM Farag, AM AF Meyer, JS Suedkamp, MJ Morris, JM Farag, AM TI Leachability of protein and metals incorporated into aquatic invertebrates: Are species and metals-exposure history important? SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLARK-FORK RIVER; COEUR-DALENE RIVER; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; RAINBOW-TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; MONTANA; ZINC; BIOAVAILABILITY; TOXICITY; DIETARY AB To partially simulate conditions in fish intestinal tracts, we leached six groups of metal s-contaminated invertebrates at pH 2 and pH 7, and analyzed the concentrations of four metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and total protein in the leachates. Four of the groups of invertebrates were benthic macroinvertebrates collected from metal s-contaminated rivers (the Clark Fork River in Montana and the Coeur d'Alene River in Idaho, USA); the other two groups of invertebrates (one of which was exposed to metals in the laboratory) were laboratory-reared brine shrimp (Artemia sp.). Additionally, we fractionated the pH 2 leachates using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Protein content was 1.3 to 1.4x higher in Artemia than in the benthic macroinvertebrates, and leachability of metals and protein differed considerably among several of the groups of invertebrates. In SEC fractions of the pH 2 leachates from both groups of Artemia, Cu and protein co-eluted: however, Cu and protein did not co-elute in SEC fractions of the leachates from any of the benthic macroinvertebrate groups. Although none of the other three metals coeluted with protein in any of the pH 2 leachates, one or more of the metals co-eluted with lower-molecular-weight molecules in the leachates from all of the groups of invertebrates. These results suggest fundamental differences in metal-binding properties and protein leachability among some invertebrates. Thus, different invertebrates and different histories of metals exposure might lead to different availability of metals and protein to predators. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Jackson Field Res Stn, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. RP Meyer, JS (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM meyerj@uwyo.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s00244-005-7005-x PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 998DF UT WOS:000234298100010 PM 16247565 ER PT J AU Hickey, JP Batterman, SA Chernyak, SM AF Hickey, JP Batterman, SA Chernyak, SM TI Trends of chlorinated organic contaminants in Great Lakes trout and walleye from 1970 to 1998 SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; PCB CONCENTRATIONS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; TOXAPHENE; FISH; HYDROCARBONS; PESTICIDES; RATES AB Levels of chlorinated organic contaminants in predator fish have been monitored annually in each of the Great Lakes since the 1970s. This article updates earlier reports with data from 1991 to 1998 for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and (Lake Erie only) walleye (Sander vitreus) to provide a record that now extends nearly 30 years. Whole fish were analyzed for a number of industrial contaminants and pesticides, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, toxaphene, and mirex, and contaminant trends were quantified using multicompartment models. As in the past, fish from Lakes Michigan, Ontario, and Huron have the highest levels of PCBs, DDT, and dieldrin; Superior has the highest levels of toxaphene, and Ontario has the highest levels of mirex. In the period after Curtailment of chemical use, concentrations rapidly decreased, represented by relatively short half-lives from approximately I to 9 years. Although trends depend on both the contaminant and the lake, in many cases the rate of decline has been decreasing, and concentrations are gradually approaching an irreducible concentration. For dioxin-like PCBs, levels have not been decreasing during the most recent 5-year period (1994 to 1998). In some cases, the year-to-year variation in contaminant levels is large, mainly because of food-web dynamics. Although this variation sometimes obscures long-term trends. the general pattern of a rapid decrease followed by slowing or leveling-off of the downward trend seems consistent across the Great Lakes, and future improvements of the magnitude seen in the 1970s and early 1980s likely will take much longer. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Batterman, SA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM Stuartb@umich.edu OI Batterman, Stuart/0000-0001-9894-5325 NR 42 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 1 BP 97 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s00244-005-1007-6 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 998DF UT WOS:000234298100012 PM 16328618 ER PT J AU Schmutz, JA Hobson, KA Morse, JA AF Schmutz, Joel A. Hobson, Keith A. Morse, Julie A. TI An isotopic assessment of protein from diet and endogenous stores: effects on egg production and incubation behaviour of geese SO ARDEA LA English DT Article DE Anser canagicus; Black Brant; Branta bernicla; body reserve dynamics; capital breeding; Chen canagica; Emperor Goose; reproductive investment; stable isotopes ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; STABLE-ISOTOPES; BODY CONDITION; EMPEROR GEESE; CLUTCH SIZE; BLACK BRANT; CAPITAL BREEDERS; WESTERN ALASKA; MIGRATION AB Little empirical information exists to assess to what degree geese use a capital versus income breeding strategy for investing nutrients into eggs. We used stable isotope methods to directly estimate the sources of protein deposited into egg yolks of Brent Branta bernicla and Emperor Geese Anser canagicus on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, USA. Approximately 59 and 45% of protein in egg yolks of Brent and Emperor Geese, respectively, was derived from exogenous sources (i.e. food plants on the local breeding area). Within clutches of Brent Goose eggs, first-laid eggs exhibited slightly higher contributions from endogenous reserves than last-laid eggs. This pattern was less clear for Emperor Geese, which may have been a consequence of possibly analysing eggs that were laid by intraspecific nest parasites rather than by hosts. For both these species, individuals exhibited large variability in the percent contribution of exogenous versus endogenous stores to eggs, and future studies should identify ecological factors related to this variation. Those Emperor Geese in poor body condition incubated their nests less constantly, and based on delta C-13 values, they fed on terrestrial foods while off their nests. Although not a pure capital breeder, Emperor Geese used nutrients garnered on spring staging areas to fuel virtually all their own maintenance during incubation and to contribute half or more of the nutrients in eggs. These results highlight the ecological importance of these spring staging habitats to geese. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. RP Schmutz, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jschmutz@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEDERLANDSE ORNITHOLOGISCHE UNIE PI ZEIST PA C/O PAUL STARMANS, OUDE ARNHEMSEWEG 261, 3705 BD ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0373-2266 J9 ARDEA JI Ardea PY 2006 VL 94 IS 3 SI SI BP 385 EP 397 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 167MF UT WOS:000246455100008 ER PT J AU Beissinger, SR Walters, JR Catanzaro, DG Smith, KG Dunning, JB Haig, SM Noon, BR Stith, BM AF Beissinger, SR Walters, JR Catanzaro, DG Smith, KG Dunning, JB Haig, SM Noon, BR Stith, BM TI Modeling approaches in avian conservation and the role of field biologists SO AUK LA English DT Review ID POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; TABLE RESPONSE EXPERIMENTS; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS AB This review grew out of our realization that models play an increasingly important role in conservation but are rarely used in the research of most avian biologists. Modelers are creating models that are more complex and mechanistic and that can incorporate more of the knowledge acquired by field biologists. Such models require field biologists to provide more specific information, larger sample sizes, and sometimes new kinds of data, such as habitat-specific demography and dispersal information. Field biologists need to support model development by testing key model assumptions and validating models. The best conservation decisions will occur where cooperative interaction enables field biologists, modelers, statisticians, and managers to contribute effectively. We begin by discussing the general form of ecological models-heuristic or mechanistic, "scientific" or statistical-and then highlight the structure, strengths, weaknesses, and applications of six types of models commonly used in avian conservation: (1) deterministic single-population matrix models, (2) stochastic population viability analysis (PVA) models for single populations, (3) metapopulation models, (4) spatially explicit models, (5) genetic models, and (6) species distribution models. We end by considering the intelligent use of models in decision-making, which requires understanding their unique attributes, determining whether the assumptions that underlie the structure are valid, and testing the ability of the model to predict the future correctly. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Arkansas, Ctr Adv Spatial Technol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Beissinger, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM beis@nature.berkeley.edu RI Beissinger, Steven/F-3809-2012 NR 389 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PY 2006 VL 123 IS 1 SU S BP 1 EP 56 PG 56 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 015AT UT WOS:000235525000002 ER PT J AU Schwarzbach, SE Albertson, JD Thomas, CM AF Schwarzbach, SE Albertson, JD Thomas, CM TI Effects of predation, flooding, and contamination on reproductive success of California Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) in San Francisco Bay SO AUK LA English DT Article DE California Clapper Rail; contaminants; mercury; nest predation; Rallus longirostris obsoletus; San Francisco Bay ID ORGANOCHLORINE CONCENTRATIONS; EGGS; BIRDS AB We assessed the reproductive Success of the California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus), an endangered Subspecies restricted to San Francisco Bay, and the relative importance of predation, flooding, and contaminants as factors affecting that success. Our study was conducted in six tidal marshes in the northern and southern reaches of San Francisco Bay. This assessment, conducted in four breeding seasons (1991, 1992, 1998, 1999), determined that productivity of California Clapper Rails was Much reduced over the natural potential. Only 69% of clapper rail eggs whose viability could be assessed were viable. Hatchability of eggs in North Bay and South Bay marshes was 65% and 70%, respectively. Only 45% of the nests successfully hatched at least one egg. Despite mean clutch sizes of 6.7 and 6.9 in the North and South bays, respectively, clapper rails produced only 1.9 and 2.5 young per nesting attempt. Flooding was a minor factor, reducing the number of eggs available to hatch by only 2.3%. Predation on eggs was a major factor affecting nest success, reducing productivity by a third. Failed eggs were examined for abnormal development and contaminant concentrations. Contamination appeared to adversely influence California Clapper Rail reproductive Success, as evidenced by deformities; embryo hemorrhaging; embryo malpositions; a depressed rate of hatchability; excess concentrations of mercury, barium, and chromium over known avian embryotoxic thresholds; and a correlation of deformities with elevated concentrations of some trace elements in eggs that failed to hatch. Mercury was the only significant contaminant common to all marshes. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento Fish & Wildlife Off, Environm Contaminants Div, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Newark, CA 94560 USA. RP Schwarzbach, SE (reprint author), Calif State Univ Sacramento, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 3020 State Univ Dr E,Room 3006,Modoc Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM steven_schwarzbach@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2006 VL 123 IS 1 BP 45 EP 60 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0045:EOPFAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 011UG UT WOS:000235293300005 ER PT J AU Grand, JB Fondell, TF Miller, DA Anthony, RM AF Grand, JB Fondell, TF Miller, DA Anthony, RM TI Nest survival in Dusky Canada Geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis): Use of discrete-time models SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Branta canadensis occidentalis; Copper River Delta; discrete-time models; Dusky Canada Goose; Horvitz-Thompson estimator; nest success; nest survival; nonparametric models ID ALASKA; SUCCESS; DUCKS; POPULATION; DELTA; RIVER AB The Dusky Canada Goose (Branta canadensis occidentalis) population that breeds in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, has declined substantially since the late 1970s. Persistent low numbers have been attributed to low productivity in recent years. We examined patterns in Survival rates of 1,852 nests to better understand ecological processes that influenced productivity during 1997-2000. We compared 10 nonparametric models of daily survival rate of nests (DSR) that included variation among years, calendar dates, nest initiation dates, and nest ages with equivalent models based on parametric functions. The unequivocal best model included patterns of DSR that varied among discrete periods of years, calendar dates, and nest ages. Generally, DSR was low early in the nesting season and higher midseason. Across years, patterns in DSR were most variable early and late in the nesting season. Daily survival rates of nests declined between the first and second week after initiation, increased until the fourth week, and then declined during the last week before hatch. Nest survival probability estimates ranged from 0.07 to 0.71 across years and nest initiation dates. Mean rates of nest survival ranged between 0.21 and 0.31 each year. We suggest (I) considering models that do not limit estimates of daily nest survival to parametric forms; (2) placing greater emphasis on sample size when nests are rare, to obtain accurate estimates of nest survival; and (3) developing new techniques to estimate the number of nests initiated. C1 Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Grand, JB (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 108 White Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM grandjb@auburn.edu RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2006 VL 123 IS 1 BP 198 EP 210 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0198:NSIDCG]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 011UG UT WOS:000235293300019 ER PT J AU Albers, PH AF Albers, Peter H. TI Birds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons SO AVIAN AND POULTRY BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE PAH; bird; embryo; toxicity; petroleum ID PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; NESTLING HERRING-GULLS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are present throughout the global environment and are produced naturally and by activities of humans. Effects of PAH on birds have been determined by studies employing egg injection, egg immersion, egg shell application, single and multiple oral doses, subcutaneous injection, and chemical analysis of field-collected eggs and tissue. The four-to six-ring aromatic compounds are the most toxic to embryos, young birds, and adult birds. For embryos, effects include death, developmental abnormalities, and a variety of cellular and biochemical responses. For adult and young birds, effects include reduced egg production and hatching, increased clutch or brood abandonment, reduced growth, increased organ weights, and a variety of biochemical responses. Trophic level accumulation is unlikely. Environmental exposure to PAH in areas of high human population or habitats affected by recent petroleum spills might be sufficient to adversely affect reproduction. Evidence of long-term effects of elevated concentrations of environmental PAH on bird populations is very limited and the mechanisms of effect are unclear. C1 US Geol Survey, BARC E, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Albers, PH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, BARC E, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM palbers@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 44 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1470-2061 J9 AVIAN POULT BIOL REV JI Avian Poult. Biol. Rev. PY 2006 VL 17 IS 4 BP 125 EP 140 DI 10.3184/135704806X212461 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 186ER UT WOS:000247762400002 ER PT J AU Yates, KK Halley, RB AF Yates, K. K. Halley, R. B. TI CO32- concentration and pCO(2) thresholds for calcification and dissolution on the Molokai reef flat, Hawaii SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CO2 PARTIAL-PRESSURE; CALCIUM-CARBONATE SATURATION; CORAL-REEF; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; COMMUNITY METABOLISM; SCLERACTINIAN CORAL; ION CONCENTRATION; BARRIER-REEF; SEAWATER; DIOXIDE AB The severity of the impact of elevated atmospheric pCO(2) to coral reef ecosystems depends, in part, on how seawater pCO(2) affects the balance between calcification and dissolution of carbonate sediments. Presently, there are insufficient published data that relate concentrations of pCO(2) and CO32- to in situ rates of reef calcification in natural settings to accurately predict the impact of elevated atmospheric pCO(2) on calcification and dissolution processes. Rates of net calcification and dissolution, CO32- concentrations, and pCO(2) were measured, in situ, on patch reefs, bare sand, and coral rubble on the Molokai reef flat in Hawaii. Rates of calcification ranged from 0.03 to 2.30 mmol CaCO3 m(-2) h(-1) and dissolution ranged from -0.05 to -3.3 mmol CaCO3 m(-2) h(-1). Calcification and dissolution varied diurnally with net calcification primarily occurring during the day and net dissolution occurring at night. These data were used to calculate threshold values for pCO(2) and CO32- at which rates of calcification and dissolution are equivalent. Results indicate that calcification and dissolution are linearly correlated with both CO32- 3 and pCO2. Threshold pCO(2) and CO32- 3 values for individual substrate types showed considerable variation. The average pCO(2) threshold value for all substrate types was 654 +/- 195 mu atm and ranged from 467 to 1003 mu atm. The average CO32- threshold value was 152 +/- 24 mu mol kg(-1), ranging from 113 to 184 mu mol kg(-1). Ambient seawater measurements of pCO(2) and CO32- indicate that CO32- and pCO(2) threshold values for all substrate types were both exceeded, simultaneously, 13% of the time at present day atmospheric pCO(2) concentrations. It is predicted that atmospheric pCO(2) will exceed the average pCO2 threshold value for calcification and dissolution on the Molokai reef flat by the year 2100. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Yates, KK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM kyates@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2006 VL 3 IS 3 BP 357 EP 369 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 078IN UT WOS:000240096200008 ER PT J AU Taylor, JA Richter, CA Ruhlen, RL Johnson, GS Welshons, WV Suzuki, A Watanabe, H Iguchi, T Coser, KR Shioda, T vom Saal, FS AF Taylor, Julia A. Richter, Catherine A. Ruhlen, Rachel L. Johnson, Gary S. Welshons, Wade V. Suzuki, Atsuko Watanabe, Hajime Iguchi, Taisen Coser, Kathryn R. Shioda, Toshi vom Saal, Frederick S. TI Physiological concentrations of estradiol up-regulate androgen receptor mRNA through an estrogen receptor-mediated mechanism in fetal mouse urogenital sinus mesenchyme cells. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2006 CL Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ Nebraska Med Ctr C1 Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. Natl Inst Nat Sci, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Canc, Charlestown, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2006 SI SI BP 102 EP 102 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 063ZW UT WOS:000239059500191 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, Y Yoshizaki, G Takeuchi, T Soyano, K Patino, R AF Yamamoto, Yoji Yoshizaki, Goro Takeuchi, Toshio Soyano, Kiyoshi Patino, Reynaldo TI Role of gap junctions between the oocyte and granulosa cells during LH-dependent acquisition of oocyte maturational competence in the teleost Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis). SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2006 CL Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ Nebraska Med Ctr C1 Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. Nagasaki Univ, Inst E China Sea Res, Nagasaki 852, Japan. Texas Tech Univ, USGS, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI TAKEUCHI, Toshio/O-1936-2014; YOSHIZAKI, Goro/O-1937-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2006 SI SI BP 103 EP 104 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 063ZW UT WOS:000239059500196 ER PT J AU Bruno, DW Nowak, B Elliott, DG AF Bruno, DW Nowak, B Elliott, DG TI Reproductive and early life stages pathology - Histopathology workshop report SO BULLETIN OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF FISH PATHOLOGISTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference on European-Association-of-Fish-Pathologists CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Fish Pathol AB Pathology occurring during reproduction and larval development represents an important part of the life cycle of fish, and the diseases that affect eggs and larvae often result in significant losses. However, mortality during this period is frequently ignored or poorly researched as the temptation is to replace the losses rather than investigate the causes. A histopathology workshop organised at the newly refurnished laboratory within the Danish Veterinary School was an opportunity to discuss the pathology of selected diseases associated with Reproductive and Early Life Stages Pathology. Several people also kindly provided reference slides. C1 FRS Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland. Univ Tasmania, Aquafin CRC, Sch Aquaculture, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bruno, DW (reprint author), FRS Marine Lab, Victoria Rd, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland. EM d.bruno@marlab.ac.uk NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUR ASSOC FISH PATHOLOGISTS PI ABERDEEN PA C/O DR DAVID BRUNO, MARINE LABORATORY, PO BOX 101, VICTORIA RD, ABERDEEN AB11 9DB, SCOTLAND SN 0108-0288 J9 B EUR ASSOC FISH PAT JI Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 55 EP 56 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021CU UT WOS:000235961600013 ER PT J AU Roman, DC Cashman, KV Gardner, CA Wallace, PJ Donovan, JJ AF Roman, DC Cashman, KV Gardner, CA Wallace, PJ Donovan, JJ TI Storage and interaction of compositionally heterogeneous magmas from the 1986 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Augustine; Alaska; magma mixing; crystallization; andesite; dacite; dikes ID KATMAI-NATIONAL-PARK; FE-TI OXIDES; REDOUBT VOLCANO; MELT INCLUSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SILICIC MAGMAS; GLASSES; WATER; CHLORINE; CHAMBER AB Compositional heterogeneity (56-64 wt% SiO2 whole-rock) in samples of tephra and lava from the 1986 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska, raises questions about the physical nature of magma storage and interaction beneath this young and frequently active volcano. To determine conditions of magma storage and evolutionary histories of compositionally distinct magmas, we investigate physical and chemical characteristics of andesitic and dacitic magmas feeding the 1986 eruption. We calculate equilibrium temperatures and oxygen fugacities from Fe-Ti oxide compositions and find a continuous range in temperature from 877 to 947 degrees C and high oxygen fugacities (Delta NNO=1-2) for all magmas. Melt inclusions in pyroxene phenocrysts analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis are dacitic to rhyolitic and have water contents ranging from < 1 to similar to 7 wt%. Matrix glass compositions are rhyolitic and remarkably similar (similar to 75.9-76.6 wt% SiO2) in all samples. All samples have similar to 25% phenocrysts, but lower-silica samples have much higher microlite contents than higher-silica samples. Continuous ranges in temperature and whole-rock composition, as well as linear trends in Harker diagrams and disequilibrium mineral textures, indicate that the 1986 magmas are the product of mixing between dacitic magma and a hotter, more mafic magma. The dacitic endmember is probably residual magma from the previous (1976) eruption of Augustine, and we interpret the mafic endmember to have been intruded from depth. Mixing appears to have continued as magmas ascended towards the vent. We suggest that the physical structure of the magma storage system beneath Augustine contributed to the sustained compositional heterogeneity of this eruption, which is best explained by magma storage and interaction in a vertically extensive system of interconnected dikes rather than a single coherent magma chamber and/or conduit. The typically short repose period (similar to 10 years) between Augustine's recent eruptive pulses may also inhibit homogenization, as short repose periods and chemically heterogeneous magmas are observed at several volcanoes in the Cook Inlet region of Alaska. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. Univ Oregon, CAMCOR, Electron Microprobe Facil, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Roman, DC (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM droman@earth.leeds.ac.uk NR 39 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 3 BP 240 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s00445-005-0003-z PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 000JD UT WOS:000234456700002 ER PT J AU Adams, WE Kallemeyn, LW Willis, DW AF Adams, W. Eugene, Jr. Kallemeyn, Larry W. Willis, David W. TI Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in rainy lake, Minnesota and Ontario SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Lake Sturgeon; Acipenser fulvescens; biotelemetry; Rainy Lake; Ontario; Minnesota ID POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; RIVER SYSTEM; TRANSMITTERS AB Rainy Lake, Minnesota-Ontario, contains a native population of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) that has gone largely unstudied. The objective of this descriptive study was to summarize generalized Lake Sturgeon movement patterns through the use of biotelemetry. Telemetry data reinforced the high utilization of the Squirrel Falls geographic location by Lake Sturgeon, with 37% of the re-locations occurring in that area. Other spring aggregations occurred in areas associated with Kettle Falls, the Pipestone River, and the Rat River, which could indicate spawning activity. Movement of Lake Sturgeon between the Seine River and the South Arm of Rainy Lake indicates the likelihood of one integrated population on the east end of the South Arm. The lack of re-locations in the Seine River during the months of September and October may have been due to Lake Sturgeon moving into deeper water areas of the Seine River and out of the range of radio telemetry gear or simply moving back into the South Arm. Due to the movements between Minnesota and Ontario, coordination of management efforts among provincial, state, and federal agencies will be important. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US Geol Survey, Int Falls, MN 56649 USA. RP Adams, WE (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Geno.Adams@staff.sd.us; larry_kallemeyn@usgs.gov; David.Willis@sdstate.edu RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 120 IS 1 BP 71 EP 82 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 190OD UT WOS:000248067600013 ER PT J AU Rong, JY Boucot, AJ Harper, DAT Zhan, RB Neuman, RB AF Rong, JY Boucot, AJ Harper, DAT Zhan, RB Neuman, RB TI Global analyses of brachiopod faunas through the Ordovician and Silurian transition: reducing the role of the Lazarus effect SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID OSLO-ASKER DISTRICT; LATEST ORDOVICIAN; MASS EXTINCTIONS; HIRNANTIA FAUNA; SOUTH CHINA; PALEOGEOGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE; ANTICOSTI ISLAND; NORWAY; REGION; GLACIATION AB Global analyses of 88 families and 284 genera of brachiopods from middle Ashgill, Late Ordovician, to early-middle Rhuddanian, Early Silurian, indicate that 18.6% and 12.5% of families and 51.0% and 41.3% of genera were eliminated in the first and second phases of the end-Ordovician mass extinction, respectively, with the total loss of 28.4% of families and 69.0% of genera in the crisis. New investigation demonstrates that brachiopods, at both generic and familial levels, suffered greater during the first phase than during the second phase. Four groups (victims, relicts, survivors, and new arrivals) are distinguished by their stratigraphical ranges. Generic survivors, occurring in the Kosov Province during the Hirnantian, can be split into three types with respect to their changing abundance: increasing, declining, and Lazarus taxa. Among the 88 genera that survived, numerous declining genera occurred in the Hirnantian: 16 Lazarus families and 18 Lazarus genera are provisionally known and may be regarded as end members of the declining type. Comparison of the abundance, population size, and distribution patterns of declining and Lazarus taxa shows important similarities between these two types which contribute to a better understanding of the nature of Lazarus taxa. In addition to these biological attributes, taphonomic failure and generally poor preservation, together with collecting bias and inadequate systematic data, are clearly involved. More collections will undoubtedly globally reduce the number of Lazarus taxa. A single, common refugium for end-Ordovician brachiopods probably did not exist; rather, these taxa used paleogeographically scattered locations in a range of environments for survival. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geol & Palaeontol, State Key Lab Palaeobiol & Stratig, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Geol Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark. US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20244 USA. RP Rong, JY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geol & Palaeontol, State Key Lab Palaeobiol & Stratig, 39 E Beijing Rd, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM jyrong@nigpas.ac.cn RI Harper, David/C-6888-2012 OI Harper, David/0000-0003-1315-9494 NR 133 TC 35 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 23 EP 39 DI 10.1139/E05-089 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 040YM UT WOS:000237417900003 ER EF