FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU DeAngelis, DL Geber, MA Whitlock, MC AF DeAngelis, Donald L. Geber, Monica A. Whitlock, Michael C. TI Letter from the Editors SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RI Whitlock, Michael/G-1900-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 168 IS 2 BP I EP I DI 10.1086/506392 PG 1 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 074SD UT WOS:000239831200001 ER PT J AU Thomas, GH Lanctot, RB Szekely, T AF Thomas, G. H. Lanctot, R. B. Szekely, T. TI Can intrinsic factors explain population declines in North American breeding shorebirds? A comparative analysis SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE population decline; migration; shorebirds; life history; phylogeny ID SEXUAL SELECTION; SIZE DIMORPHISM; EXTINCTION RISK; EVOLUTION; BIRDS; CONSERVATION; MIGRATION; TRENDS; SANDPIPERS; ECOLOGY AB Many shorebirds that breed in North America are declining. These trends reflect global patterns in shorebird populations. Here we ask what factors make some shorebird species more prone to decline than others. Specifically, we test the influence of migratory behaviour (route and distance), biogeography (population size and range), life history (body size, clutch size) and sexual selection (social mating system and testis size) on population trends in North American breeding shorebirds. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we show that species that migrate across continental North America are more prone to decline than species that do not. Our finding that continental migrants are associated with population decline indicates that intrinsic factors may play an important role in predisposing a species to decline. Previous studies within the class Aves have failed to identify migration route as a correlate of decline or extinction risk. Two other intrinsic factors (oceanic migrants and threats on the non-breeding grounds) were also important in our overall models, although neither was significant alone. The moderate explanatory power of our variables indicates that other factors are also important for explaining shorebird declines. We suggest that contemporary threats, most notably habitat loss and degradation at migratory stopover sites, are likely to be important. C1 Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Thomas, GH (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Biol Sci, Silwood Pk, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. EM g.thomas@imperial.ac.uk NR 54 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 9 IS 3 BP 252 EP 258 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2006.00029.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064TS UT WOS:000239112600005 ER PT J AU Steen, DA Aresco, MJ Beilke, SG Compton, BW Condon, EP Dodd, CK Forrester, H Gibbons, JW Greene, JL Johnson, G Langen, TA Oldham, MJ Oxier, DN Saumure, RA Schueler, FW Sleeman, JM Smith, LL Tucker, JK Gibbs, JP AF Steen, D. A. Aresco, M. J. Beilke, S. G. Compton, B. W. Condon, E. P. Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. Forrester, H. Gibbons, J. W. Greene, J. L. Johnson, G. Langen, T. A. Oldham, M. J. Oxier, D. N. Saumure, R. A. Schueler, F. W. Sleeman, J. M. Smith, L. L. Tucker, J. K. Gibbs, J. P. TI Relative vulnerability of female turtles to road mortality SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE data synthesis; highways; nesting migrations; road mortality; reptile; roads; sex ratio; turtles ID FRESH-WATER TURTLES; SEX-RATIO; LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HABITAT FEATURES; MOVEMENT; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; WILDLIFE; PATTERNS AB Recent studies suggest that freshwater turtle populations are becoming increasingly male-biased. A hypothesized cause is a greater vulnerability of female turtles to road mortality. We evaluated this hypothesis by comparing sex ratios from published and unpublished population surveys of turtles conducted on- versus off-roads. Among 38 166 turtles from 157 studies reporting sex ratios, we found a consistently larger female fraction in samples from on-roads (61%) than off-roads (41%). We conclude that female turtles are indeed more likely to cross roadways than are males, which may explain recently reported skewed sex ratios near roadways and signify eventual population declines as females are differentially eliminated. C1 Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Pacific NW Turtle Project, Portland, OR USA. Univ Massachusetts, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USGS, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. Turtle Rescue New Jersey, Hardwick, NJ USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. SUNY Coll Potsdam, Dept Biol, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Biol, Potsdam, NY USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Nat Heritage Informat Ctr, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Ohio Dept Nat Resources Wildlife Rehabil, Arrowhead Reptile Rescue, Cincinnati, OH USA. McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. Bishops Mills Nat Hist Ctr, Bishops Mills, ON, Canada. Wildlife Ctr Virginia, Waynesboro, VA USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Great Rivers Field Stn, Brighton, IL USA. SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Steen, DA (reprint author), Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Route 2,Box 2324, Newton, GA USA. EM David.Steen@jonesctr.org OI Saumure, Raymond/0000-0002-9539-8415 NR 28 TC 77 Z9 86 U1 5 U2 128 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 9 IS 3 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2006.00032.x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064TS UT WOS:000239112600007 ER PT J AU Greenberg, R Maldonado, JE Droege, S Mcdonald, MV AF Greenberg, Russell Maldonado, Jesus E. Droege, Sam Mcdonald, M. V. TI Tidal marshes: A global perspective on the evolution and conservation of their terrestrial vertebrates SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Vertebrates of Tidal Marshes CY OCT, 2002 CL Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD HO Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr DE salt marsh; ecophysiology; ecotypic variation; coastal ecosystems; wetlands ID SALT-MARSH; SEASIDE SPARROW; ECOLOGY; WATER AB Globally, tidal marshes are found in small pockets or narrow bands totaling only approximately 45,000 square kilometers. The combination of salinity, low floristic and structural complexity, and regular tidal inundation, as well as unpredictable catastrophic flooding, provides a unique selective environment that shapes local adaptations, including those that are morphological, physiological, demographic, and behavioral. Although tidal marshes support a low diversity of nonaquatic vertebrate species, a high proportion of these inhabitants, at least along North American coastlines, are restricted to or have subspecies restricted to tidal marshes. Tidal marshes and their endemic fauna face broad threats from a variety of human-caused environmental changes. Future research should focus on global inventories, intercontinental comparative work, and investigation to determine why almost all presently described endemic taxa appear to be found in North America. C1 Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. US Geol Serv Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biodivers Monitoring Programs, Laurel, MD 20774 USA. Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Zool, Conway, AR 72035 USA. RP Greenberg, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM greenbergr@si.edu NR 56 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD AUG PY 2006 VL 56 IS 8 BP 675 EP 685 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[675:TMAGPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 071OG UT WOS:000239610900009 ER PT J AU Bakun, WH AF Bakun, W. H. TI Estimating locations and magnitudes of earthquakes in southern California from modified Mercalli intensities SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOURCE PARAMETERS; 1992 LANDERS; SAN-JACINTO; RUPTURE HISTORY; FAULT RUPTURE; 1927 LOMPOC; NOVEMBER 4; AFTERSHOCKS; INVERSION; SEQUENCE AB Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) assignments, instrumental moment magnitudes M, and epicenter locations of thirteen 5.6 <= M <= 7.1 "training-set" events in southern California were used to obtain the attenuation relation MMI = 1.64 + 1.4 1M - 0.00526*Delta(h) - 2.63*log Delta(h), where Delta h is the hypocentral distance in kilometers and M is moment magnitude. Intensity magnitudes M, and locations for five 5.9 <= M <= 7.3 independent test events were consistent with the instrumental source parameters. Fourteen "historical" earthquakes between 1890 and 1927 were then analyzed. Of particular interest are the M-I 7.29 February 1890 and M-I 6.6 28 May 1892 earthquakes, which were previously assumed to have occurred near the southern San Jacinto fault; a more likely location is in the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ). These events, and the 1992 M 7.3 Landers and 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine events, suggest that the ECSZ has been seismically active since at least the end of the nineteenth century. The earthquake catalog completeness level in the ECSZ is similar to M 6.5 at least until the early twentieth century. C1 US Geol Survey, Earthquakes Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bakun, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquakes Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 80 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1278 EP 1295 DI 10.1785/0120050205 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 076UM UT WOS:000239983400007 ER PT J AU Di Alessandro, C Boatwright, J AF Di Alessandro, Carola Boatwright, John TI A stochastic estimate of ground motion at Oceano, California, for the M 6.5 22 December 2003 San Simeon earthquake, derived from aftershock recordings SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL GREENS-FUNCTION; SCALING RELATIONS; TIME HISTORIES; FINITE-FAULT; SIMULATION; SUMMATION; MODELS; VALIDATION; RADIATION; SPECTRA AB The U.S. Geological Survey deployed a digital seismic station in Oceano, California, in February 2004, to investigate the cause of damage and liquefaction from the 22 December 2003 M 6.5 San Simeon earthquake. This station recorded 11 M > 2.8 aftershocks in almost 8 weeks. We analyze these recordings, together with recordings of the mainshock and the same aftershocks obtained from nearby stations in Park Hill and San Luis Obispo, to estimate the mainshock ground motion in Oceano. We estimate the Fourier amplitude spectrum using generalized spectral ratio analysis. We test a set of aftershocks as Green's functions by comparing simulated and recorded acceleration amplitude spectra for the mainshock at San Luis Obispo and Park Hill. We convolve the aftershock accelerograms with a stochastic operator to simulate the duration and phase of the mainshock accelerograms. This approximation allows us to extend the range of aftershocks that can be used as Green's functions to events nearly three magnitude units smaller than the mainshock. Our realizations for the mainshock accelerogram at Oceano yield peak ground accelerations distributed as 28% +/- 4%g. We interpret these realizations as upper bounds for the actual ground motion, because our analysis assumes a linear response, whereas the presence of liquefaction indicates that the ground behaved nonlinearly in Oceano. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Di Alessandro, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1437 EP 1447 DI 10.1785/0120040183 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 076UM UT WOS:000239983400019 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Watson-Lamprey, J Abrahamson, NA AF Boore, David M. Watson-Lamprey, Jennie Abrahamson, Norman A. TI Orientation-independent measures of ground motion SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE; ACCELERATION; COMPONENTS AB The geometric mean of the response spectra for two orthogonal horizontal components of motion, commonly used as the response variable in predictions of strong ground motion, depends on the orientation of the sensors as installed in the field. This means that the measure of ground-motion intensity could differ for the same actual ground motion. This dependence on sensor orientation is most pronounced for strongly correlated motion (the extreme example being linearly polarized motion), such as often occurs at periods of I sec or longer. We propose two new measures of the geometric mean, GMRotDpp, and GMRotIpp, that are independent of the sensor orientations. Both are based on a set of geometric means computed from the as-recorded orthogonal horizontal motions rotated through all possible non-redundant rotation angles. GMRotDpp is determined as the ppth percentile of the set of geometric means for a given oscillator period. For example, GMRotD00, GMRotD50, and GMRotD100 correspond to the minimum, median, and maximum values, respectively. The rotations that lead to GMRotDpp depend on period, whereas a single-period-independent rotation is used for GMRotIpp, the angle being chosen to minimize the spread of the rotation-dependent geometric mean (normalized by GMRotDpp) over the usable range of oscillator periods. GMRotI50 is the ground-motion intensity measure being used in the development of new ground-motion prediction equations by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Center Next Generation Attenuation project. Comparisons with as-recorded geometric means for a large dataset show that the new measures are systematically larger than the geometric-mean response spectra using the as-recorded values of ground acceleration, but only by a small amount (less than 3%). The theoretical advantage of the new measures is that they remove sensor orientation as a contributor to aleatory uncertainty. Whether the reduction is of practical significance awaits detailed studies of large datasets. A preliminary analysis contained in a companion article by Beyer and Bommer finds that the reduction is small-to-nonexistent for equations based on a wide range of magnitudes and distances. The results of Beyer and Bommer do suggest, however, that there is an increasing reduction as period increases. Whether the reduction increases with other subdivisions of the dataset for which strongly correlated motions might be expected (e.g., pulselike motions close to faults) awaits further analysis. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pacific Gas & Elect, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov; jenniewl@ce.berkeley.edu; naa2@pge.com NR 22 TC 128 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1502 EP 1511 DI 10.1785/0120050209 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 076UM UT WOS:000239983400023 ER PT J AU Kennedy, BM Thompson, BW Luecke, C AF Kennedy, Benjamen M. Thompson, Brett W. Luecke, Chris TI Ecological differences between two closely related morphologically similar benthic whitefish (Prosopium spilonotus and Prosopium abyssicola) in an endemic whitefish complex SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BEAR LAKE VALLEY; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; THERMAL HABITAT; UTAH-IDAHO; TROPHIC SPECIALIZATION; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; MULTIPLE ORIGINS; YUKON TERRITORY; NORTH-AMERICA; FISHES AB Identifying the differences in ecology between closely related species occupying the same environment contributes to our understanding of community diversity, ecosystem structure, and species conservation. Endemic Bear Lake whitefish (Prosopium abyssicola) and Bonneville whitefish (Prosopium spilonotus) are benthic, morphologically similar, and closely related, yet the extent of differential resource use remains poorly understood. To determine the ecological differences between these two species, we studied their seasonal distribution and diet in Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho. We used bottom-set gill nets to examine how catch of each species of whitefish varied in relation to depth and season (spring and summer). In both spring and summer, Bonneville whitefish dominated the shallower depths (5-30 m), whereas Bear Lake whitefish dominated the deeper depths (45-55 m). Bonneville whitefish ate a variety of benthic invertebrates, but mostly Chironomidae, whereas Bear Lake whitefish fed mostly on Ostracoda. These data describe a closely related morphologically similar, yet ecologically distinct group of whitefish in an ecoregion completely different from those studied before. These results indicated that each species has a very different role in the Bear Lake ecosystem. To conserve this unique fish assemblage, both shallow and deepwater habitats need to be protected. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Kennedy, BM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM benjamen_kennedy@fws.gov RI Luecke, Chris/A-2040-2011 NR 51 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 63 IS 8 BP 1700 EP 1709 DI 10.1139/F06-065 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 072EG UT WOS:000239655100004 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Eadie, JM Moore, TG AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Eadie, John M. Moore, Thomas G. TI Does life history predict risk-taking behavior of wintering dabbling ducks? SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE allometry; Anas; dabbling ducks; life history; predation risk; risk-taking behavior; spinning-wing decoy ID PHYLOGENETICALLY INDEPENDENT CONTRASTS; EUROPEAN BIRDS; NEST DEFENSE; BODY-SIZE; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; SURVIVAL RATES; PREDATION RISK; ANAS-CRECCA; WATERFOWL AB Life-history theory predicts that longer-lived, less fecund species should take fewer risks when exposed to predation than shorter-lived, more fecund species. We tested this prediction for seven species of dabbling ducks (Anas) by measuring the approach behavior (behavior of ducks when approaching potential landing sites) of 1099 duck flocks during 37 hunting trials and 491 flocks during 13 trials conducted immediately after the 1999-2000 waterfowl hunting season in California, USA. We also experimentally manipulated the attractiveness of the study site by using two decoy treatments: (1) traditional, stationary decoys only, and (2) traditional decoys in conjunction with a mechanical spinning-wing decoy. Approach behavior of ducks was strongly correlated with their life history. Minimum approach distance was negatively correlated with reproductive output during each decoy treatment and trial type. Similarly, the proportion of flocks taking risk (approaching landing sites to within 45 m) was positively correlated with reproductive output. We found similar patterns of approach behavior in relation to other life-history parameters (i.e., adult female body mass and annual adult female survival rate). Thus, species characterized by a slower life-history strategy (e.g., Northern Pintail [A. acuta]) were more risk-averse than species with a faster life-history strategy (e.g., Cinnamon Teal [A. cyanoptera]). Furthermore, although we were able to reduce riskaverseness using the spinning-wing decoy, we were unable to override the influence of life history on risk-taking behavior. Alternative explanations did not account for the observed correlation between approach behavior and life-history parameters. These results suggest that life history influences the risk-taking behavior of dabbling ducks and provide an explanation for the differential vulnerability of waterfowl to harvest. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov RI Eadie, John/E-4820-2011 NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 530 EP 546 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[530:DLHPRB]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 074QS UT WOS:000239827500004 ER PT J AU Koronkiewicz, TJ Sogge, MK Van Riper, C Paxton, EH AF Koronkiewicz, Thomas J. Sogge, Mark K. Van Riper, Charles, III Paxton, Eben H. TI Territoriality, site fidelity, and survivorship of Willow Flycatchers wintering in Costa Rica SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Empidonax traillii; floaters; nonbreeding; site fidelity; survivorship; territoriality; Willow Flycatcher ID BREEDING CURRENCY HYPOTHESIS; NORTH-AMERICAN MIGRANTS; HABITAT SEGREGATION; EMPIDONAX-TRAILLII; PUERTO-RICO; WARBLERS; JAMAICA; SURVIVAL; PHILOPATRY; DOMINANCE AB We studied wintering Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii) in two seasonal freshwater wetland habitats in northwestern Costa Rica during five boreal winters, to determine habitat occupancy, overwinter and between-year site and territory fidelity, and the degree to which the sexes maintain and defend winter territories. Both males and females used agonistic displays, song, and other vocalizations to maintain and defend mutually exclusive winter territories. Males were generally more abundant than females, but this varied by site and year. There was no significant difference in male and female territory size, nor any indication of sexual habitat segregation. Similarity in morphology and aggressiveness between the sexes may account for the lack of habitat segregation and the ability of females to maintain territories at wintering sites. Each year, 80%-92% of banded flycatchers that were present in midwinter remained at the site until late winter; of these, 86%-100% of individuals maintained the same territories throughout the entire period. We also observed nonterritorial floaters that subsequently established and held winter territories. Between-year site fidelity averaged 68%, and almost all returning birds established territories with boundaries similar to the previous year. Between-year apparent survivorship estimates ranged annually from 54%-72%, with no difference between sites but weak support for higher survivorship of males compared to females. Values for winter site and territory fidelity were generally higher than those reported for other species and for Willow Flycatchers on the breeding grounds; between year survivorship estimates were similar to those reported for breeding flycatchers. C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Koronkiewicz, TJ (reprint author), SWCA Inc, 114 N San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM tkoronkiewicz@swca.com RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; OI Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689 NR 57 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 558 EP 570 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[558:TSFASO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 074QS UT WOS:000239827500006 ER PT J AU Morse, JA Powell, AN Tetreau, MD AF Morse, Julie A. Powell, Abby N. Tetreau, Michael D. TI Productivity of Black Oystercatchers: Effects of recreational disturbance in a national park SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Black Oystercatcher; national park; nest survival; productivity; recreational disturbance ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NEST SURVIVAL; CHICK GROWTH; QUALITY; ALASKA; OIL AB National parks in Alaska are generally assumed to be high-quality, undisturbed wildlife habitats. However, these parks attract recreational users, whose presence may reduce the suitability of key habitats for nesting shorebirds. In Kenai Fjords National Park, Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) often breed on gravel beaches that are also popular campsites. In this study, we examined the effects of recreational activities in coastal Alaska on reproductive performance of Black Oystercatchers. We monitored survival of nests and chicks on 35 to 39 breeding territories annually during four breeding seasons (2001-2004). Most recreational disturbance on these territories occurred after the peak hatching date of first clutches. Annual productivity was low (average of 0.35 chicks per pair), but was not strongly affected by recreational disturbance. Daily survival of nests varied annually and declined over the season. Our results suggest that nest survival was lower during periods of extreme high tides. Daily survival rate of broods increased over the season and was higher on island than mainland territories, likely due to differences in predator communities. Territory occupancy rate and site fidelity were high; 95% of color-banded oystercatchers returned to the same breeding territory in the subsequent year. We conclude that Black Oystercatchers are resilient to low levels of recreational disturbance. However, in light of projected increases in recreation, we suggest managers move campsites away from the traditional nest sites identified in this study to minimize future disturbances. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Kenai Fjords Natl Pk, Seward, AK 99664 USA. RP Morse, JA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM julie.morse@uaf.edu OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X NR 42 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 623 EP 633 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[623:POBOEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 074QS UT WOS:000239827500012 ER PT J AU Jehle, G Savidge, JA Kotliar, NB AF Jehle, Gretchen Savidge, Julie A. Kotliar, Natasha B. TI Green-tailed Towhee response to prescribed fire in montane shrubland SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Juniperus communis; nest-site selection; nest success; nest survival; Pipilo chlorurus; Rocky Mountain National Park ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SIERRA-NEVADA; NEST SURVIVAL; NATIONAL-PARK; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; SUCCESSION; HABITATS; DYNAMICS AB Fire alters the structure and composition of shrublands and affects habitat quality for the associated avifauna. Because shrubland ecosystems have been greatly reduced from their original extent in western North America and fire is increasingly being used to manage these landscapes, a better understanding of how fire affects the associated vegetation and wildlife is imperative. We evaluated the response of Green-tailed Towhees (Pipilo chlorurus) to prescribed fire in the montane shrublands of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado during 2002 and 2003. Three to five years following prescribed burning, Green-tailed Towhee density and shrub cover were generally higher in unburned areas. Nests (n = 179) were located in unburned vegetation; within burned sites, all nests were in remnant patches. Green-tailed Towhee nest survival was 57% (95% Cl = 49%-65%) across the two years of the study. More than half of the nests were in common juniper (Juniperus communis) shrubs, and nest survival was higher for nests in junipers than those in other shrub species. Daily nest survival rates were lower at the site with the highest density of towhees and declined over the breeding season. With regard to shrub cover, opposite trends were observed for nest-site selection and nest survival: nest plots had greater shrub cover than non-nest plots, but nest survival decreased with increasing shrub cover. Because shrub cover affects towhee density and nest survival in conflicting ways, fire management at Rocky Mountain National Park alters both habitat availability and suitability for Green-tailed Towhees. C1 Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Jehle, G (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM gretchenjehle@yahoo.com NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 634 EP 646 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[634:GTRTPF]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 074QS UT WOS:000239827500013 ER PT J AU Mason, DD Barboza, PS Ward, DH AF Mason, Danielle D. Barboza, Perry S. Ward, David H. TI Nutritional condition of Pacific Black Brant wintering at the extremes of their range SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE body composition; energy storage; geese; lipid; protein; winter ID BODY-COMPOSITION; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; IZEMBEK LAGOON; SHOT MALLARDS; CANADA GEESE; SNOW GEESE; DYNAMICS; REPRODUCTION; CANVASBACKS; RESERVES AB Endogenous stores of energy allow birds to survive periods of severe weather and food shortage during winter. We documented changes in lipid, protein, moisture, and ash in body tissues of adult female Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) and modeled the energetic costs of wintering. Birds were collected at the extremes of their winter range, in Alaska and Baja California, Mexico. Body lipids decreased over winter for birds in Alaska but increased for those in Baja California. Conversely, body protein increased over winter for Brant in Alaska and remained stable for birds in Baja California. Lipid stores likely fuel migration for Brant wintering in Baja California and ensure winter survival for those in Alaska. Increases in body protein may support earlier reproduction for Brant in Alaska. Predicted energy demands were similar between sites during late winter but avenues of expenditure were different. Birds in Baja California spent more energy on lipid synthesis while those in Alaska incurred higher thermoregulatory costs. Estimated daily intake rates of eelgrass were similar between sites in early winter; however, feeding time was more constrained in Alaska because of high tides and short photoperiods. Despite differences in energetic costs and foraging time, Brant wintering at both sites appeared to be in good condition. We suggest that wintering in Alaska may be more advantageous than long-distance migration if winter survival is similar between sites and constraints on foraging time do not impair body condition. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Mason, DD (reprint author), Ft Greely Environm Off, POB 31310, Ft Greely, AK 99731 USA. EM danielle.mason@us.army.mil NR 49 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 678 EP 690 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[678:NCOPBB]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 074QS UT WOS:000239827500016 ER PT J AU Somershoe, SG Twedt, DJ Reid, B AF Somershoe, Scott G. Twedt, Daniel J. Reid, Bruce TI Combining breeding bird survey and distance sampling to estimate density of migrant and breeding birds SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE breeding bird survey; density; detection probability; distance sampling; loess bluff forest; migration ID ABUNDANCE; FOREST; FIELD; MODEL AB We combined Breeding Bird Survey point count protocol and distance sampling to survey spring migrant and breeding birds in Vicksburg National Military Park on 33 days between March and June of 2003 and 2004. For 26 of 106 detected species, we used program DISTANCE to estimate detection probabilities and densities from 660 3-min point counts in which detections were recorded within four distance annuli. For most species, estimates of detection probability, and thereby density estimates, were improved through incorporation of the proportion of forest cover at point count locations as a covariate. Our results suggest Breeding Bird Surveys would benefit from the use of distance sampling and a quantitative characterization of habitat at point count locations. During spring migration, we estimated that the most common migrant species accounted for a population of 5000-9000 birds in Vicksburg National Military Park (636 ha). Species with average populations of > 300 individuals during migration were: Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea), Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum), White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus), Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea), and Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula). Of 56 species that bred in Vicksburg National Military Park, we estimated that the most common 18 species accounted for > 8150 individuals. The six most abundant breeding species, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, White-eyed Vireo, Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra), Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), accounted for > 5800 individuals. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Audubon Mississippi, Vicksburg, MS 39183 USA. RP Somershoe, SG (reprint author), Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, Ellington Agr Ctr, POB 40747, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. EM scott.somershoe@state.tn.us OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 19 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 691 EP 699 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[691:CBBSAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 074QS UT WOS:000239827500017 ER PT J AU Dreitz, VJ Lukacs, PM Knopf, FL AF Dreitz, Victoria J. Lukacs, Paul M. Knopf, Fritz L. TI Monitoring low density avian populations: An example using Mountain Plovers SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE abundance; Charadrius montanus; detection probability; estimation; monitoring; Mountain Plover ID BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; SELECTION; WILDLIFE; DESIGN; TIME AB Declines in avian populations highlight a need for rigorous, broad-scale monitoring programs to document trends in avian populations that occur in low densities across expansive landscapes. Accounting for the spatial variation and variation in detection probability inherent to monitoring programs is thought to be effort-intensive and timeconsuming, We determined the feasibility of the analytical method developed by Royle and Nichols (2003), which uses presence-absence (detection-nondetection) field data, to estimate abundance of Mountain Plovers (Charadrius montanus) per sampling unit in agricultural fields, grassland, and prairie dog habitat in eastern Colorado. Field methods were easy to implement and results suggest that the analytical method provides valuable insight into population patterning among habitats. Mountain Plover abundance was highest in prairie dog habitat, slightly lower in agricultural fields, and substantially lower in grassland. These results provided valuable insight to focus future research into Mountain Plover ecology and conservation. C1 Armstrong State Coll, Colorado Nat Heritage Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dreitz, VJ (reprint author), Colorado Div Wildlife, 317 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Victoria.Dreitz@state.co.us NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 14 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 700 EP 706 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[700:MLDAPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 074QS UT WOS:000239827500018 ER PT J AU Barnes, SJ Cox, RA Zientek, ML AF Barnes, Sarah-Jane Cox, R. A. Zientek, M. L. TI Platinum-group element, gold, silver and base metal distribution in compositionally zoned sulfide droplets from the Medvezky Creek Mine, Noril'sk, Russia SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOSULFIDE SOLID-SOLUTION; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; LAM-ICP-MS; PROTON-MICROPROBE; S SYSTEM; IN-SITU; NI; CU; DEPOSITS; MANTLE AB Concentrations of Ag, Au, Cd, Co, Re, Zn and Platinum-group elements (PGE) have been determined in sulfide minerals from zoned sulfide droplets of the Noril'sk 1 Medvezky Creek Mine. The aims of the study were; to establish whether these elements are located in the major sulfide minerals (pentlandite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and cubanite), to establish whether the elements show a preference for a particular sulfide mineral and to investigate the model, which suggests that the zonation in the droplets is caused by the crystal fractionation of monosulfide solid solution (mss). Nickel, Cu, Ag, Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Rh and Pd, were found to be largely located in the major sulfide minerals. In contrast, less than 25% of the Au, Cd, Pt and Zn in the rock was found to be present in these sulfides. Osmium, Ir, Ru, Rh and Re were found to be concentrated in pyrrhotite and pentlandite. Palladium and Co was found to be concentrated in pentlandite. Silver, Cd and Zn concentrations are highest in chalcopyrite and cubanite. Gold and platinum showed no preference for any of the major sulfide minerals. The enrichment of Os, Ir, Ru, Rh and Re in pyrrhotite and pentlandite (exsolution products of mss) and the low levels of these elements in the cubanite and chalcopyrite (exsolution products of intermediate solid solution, iss) support the mss crystal fractionation model, because Os, Ir, Ru, Rh and Re are compatible with mss. The enrichment of Ag, Cd and Zn in chalcopyrite and cubanite also supports the mss fractionation model these minerals are derived from the fractionated liquid and these elements are incompatible with mss and thus should be enriched in the fractionated liquid. Gold and Pt do not partition into either iss or mss and become sufficiently enriched in the final fractionated liquid to crystallize among the iss and mss grains as tellurides, bismithides and alloys. During pentlandite exsolution Pd appears to have diffused from the Cu-rich portion of the droplet into pentlandite. C1 Univ Quebec Chicoutimi, Quebec City, PQ G7H 2B1, Canada. US Geol Survey, Spokane Off, Washington, WA 99201 USA. RP Barnes, SJ (reprint author), Univ Quebec Chicoutimi, Quebec City, PQ G7H 2B1, Canada. EM sjbarnesl@uqac.ca; mzientek@usgs.gov RI Barnes, S-J/I-5579-2012 NR 36 TC 80 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 152 IS 2 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s00410-006-0100-9 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 065GQ UT WOS:000239148200004 ER PT J AU Storlazzi, CD Brown, EK Field, ME AF Storlazzi, C. D. Brown, E. K. Field, M. E. TI The application of acoustic Doppler current profilers to measure the timing and patterns of coral larval dispersal SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE coral spawning; coral larvae; currents; drifters; acoustic backscatter; Montipora capitata ID GREAT BARRIER-REEF; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; RECOLONIZATION; RECRUITMENT; COMPETENCE; SETTLEMENT; EGGS AB An experiment was conducted along the reefs off west Maui, Hawaii, during the summer of 2003 to monitor the spawning of the reef-building coral Montipora capitata and to determine the role of ocean currents in dispersing the larvae from the natal reef. Instruments documented the environmental forcing during the coral spawning season; drifters were deployed on three successive nights following direct observations of coral spawning. Both the timing and relative magnitude of the coral spawning were identifiable in acoustic backscatter data and correlated to plankton tow data. Each drifter track showed that the surface water containing coral eggs and planula larvae were transported rapidly offshore and not locally retained. Wind and current patterns during the previous year and during subsequent coral spawning events later in the summer were similar to those observed during the drifter releases. This suggests that the trajectories observed during the focused experiment are representative of the general pattern of larval dispersal off west Maui. These findings demonstrate the application of acoustic profilers for remotely imaging coral spawning and predicting their initial dispersal patterns. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Kalaupapa Natl Hist Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Kalaupapa, HI 96742 USA. RP Storlazzi, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cstorlazzi@usgs.gov; eric_brown@nps.gov; mfield@usgs.gov OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 369 EP 381 DI 10.1007/s00338-006-0121-x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 074VQ UT WOS:000239840300010 ER PT J AU Miller, J Waara, R Muller, E Rogers, C AF Miller, J. Waara, R. Muller, E. Rogers, C. TI Coral bleaching and disease combine to cause extensive mortality on reefs in US Virgin Islands SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Pk Serv, S Florida Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Networ, St John, VI 00830 USA. US Geol Survey, St John, VI 00380 USA. RP Miller, J (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, S Florida Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Networ, 1300 Cruz Bay Creek, St John, VI 00830 USA. EM William_J_Miller@nps.gov NR 2 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 418 EP 418 DI 10.1007/s00338-006-0125-6 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 074VQ UT WOS:000239840300016 ER PT J AU Santymire, RM Marinari, PE Kreeger, JS Wildt, DE Howard, J AF Santymire, Rachel M. Marinari, Paul E. Kreeger, Julie S. Wildt, David E. Howard, JoGayle TI Sperm viability in the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) is influenced by seminal and medium osmolality SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black-footed ferret; semen osmolality ID MOUSE SPERMATOZOA; BULL SPERM; OSMOTIC TOLERANCE; BINDING-CAPACITY; HEMIZONA ASSAY; COOLING RATE; YOLK BUFFER; EGG-YOLK; CRYOPRESERVATION; GLYCEROL AB Fundamental knowledge of spermatozoa cryobiology can assist with optimizing cryopreservation protocols needed for genetic management of the endangered black-footed ferret. Objectives were to characterize semen osmolality and assess the influence of two media at various osmolalities on sperm viability. We examined the influence of Ham's F10 + Hepes medium (H) at 270, 400, 500 or 700 mOsm (adjusted with sucrose, a nonpermeating cryoprotectant) and TEST Yolk Buffer (TYB) with 0% (300 mOsm) versus 4% (900 mOsm) glycerol (a permeating cryoprotectant). Electroejaculates (n = 16) were assessed for osmolality using a vapor pressure osmometer. For media comparison, semen (n = 5) was collected in TYB 0%, split into six aliquots, and diluted in H270, H400, H500, H700, and TYB 0% or TYB 4%. Each sample was centrifuged (300g, 8 min), resuspended in respective medium, and maintained at 37 degrees C for 3 h. Sperm motility and forward progression were monitored every 30 min for 3h post-washing. Acrosomal integrity was monitored at 0 and 60 min post-washing. Results demonstrated that black-footed ferret semen has a comparatively high osmolality (mean +/- SEM, 513.1 +/- 32.6 mOsm; range, 366-791 mOsm). Ferret spermatozoa were sensitive to hyperosmotic stress. Specifically, sperm motility was more susceptible (P < 0.01) to hyperosmotic conditions than acrosomal integrity, and neither were influenced (P > 0.05) by hypotonic solutions. Exposure to TYB 4% glycerol retained more (P (c) 0.01) sperm motility than a hyperosmotic Ham's (700mOsm). These findings will guide the eventual development of assisted breeding with cryopreserved sperm contributing to genetic management of this rare species. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonians Nal Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Black Footed Ferret Conservat Ctr, Wellington, CO USA. RP Santymire, RM (reprint author), Smithsonians Nal Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM rsantymire@lpzoo.org NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 EI 1090-2392 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 1 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.03.009 PG 14 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 069WG UT WOS:000239479200005 PM 16712829 ER PT J AU Paniagua-Chavez, CG Jenkins, J Segovia, M Tiersch, TR AF Paniagua-Chavez, Carmen G. Jenkins, Jill Segovia, Manuel Tiersch, Terrence R. TI Assessment of gamete quality for the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) by use of fluorescent dyes SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gamete; quality; flow cytometry; cryopreservation; eastern oyster ID FLOW-CYTOMETRIC EVALUATION; CYTOSKELETAL ORGANIZATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-FUNCTION; VIABILITY ASSESSMENT; MEMBRANE INTEGRITY; MAMMALIAN OOCYTES; PROPIDIUM IODIDE; CELL VIABILITY; GIGAS OOCYTES; MOUSE OOCYTES AB Evaluation of sperm motility is the single most widely used parameter to determine semen quality in mammals and aquatic species. While a good indicator for fresh sperm viability, post-thaw motility is not always effective at predicting fertilizing ability. Techniques using fluorescent dyes can assess functionality of mammalian sperm, but have not been widely applied in aquatic organisms. The eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica is an important mollusk in the United States, and cryopreservation protocols have been developed to preserve sperm and larvae to assist research and hatchery production. In this study, protocols were developed to assess sperm cell membrane integrity and mitochondrial function by flow cytometry and to assess viability of eggs by fluorescence microscopy. The fluorescent dyes SYBR 14 and propidium iodide (PI) (to assess membrane integrity) and rhodamine 123 (R123) (to assess mitochondrial membrane potential) were used to evaluate the quality of thawed oyster sperm previously cryopreserved with different cryoprotectant and thawing treatments. Membrane integrity results were correlated with motility of thawed sperm and mitochondrial membrane potential with fertilizing ability. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) was used to assess cytotoxicity of cryoprotectant solutions and post-thaw damage to oyster eggs. The results indicated that membrane integrity (P=0.004) and thawing treatments (P=0.04), and mitochondrial membrane potential (P=0.0015) were correlated with motility. Fertilizing ability was correlated with cryoprotectant treatments (P = 0.0258) and with ruitochondrial membrane potential (P=0.001). The dye FDA was useful in indicating structural integrity of fresh and thawed eggs. Exposure of eggs, without freezing, to dimethyl sulfoxide yielded higher percentages of stained eggs and fertilization rate than did exposure to propylene glycol (P=0.002). Thawed eggs were not stained with FDA (< 1%) and larvae were not produced. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Acuicultura, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Aquaculture Res Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Paniagua-Chavez, CG (reprint author), CICESE, Dept Aquaculture, POB 434844, San Diego, CA 92143 USA. EM cpaniagu@cicese.mx NR 39 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 1 BP 128 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.05.001 PG 11 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 069WG UT WOS:000239479200013 PM 16777086 ER PT J AU Mori, Y Yamanaka, T Luco, N Cornell, CA AF Mori, Yasuhiro Yamanaka, Takashi Luco, Nicolas Cornell, C. Allin TI A static predictor of seismic demand on frames based on a post-elastic deflected shape SO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE seismic drift demands; steel moment-resisting frame buildings; static pushover analysis; inelastic time-history analysis; near-field earthquake ground motions; modal analysis ID BUILDINGS AB Predictors of seismic structural demands (such as inter-storey drift angles) that are less time-consuming than nonlinear dynamic analysis have proven useful for structural performance assessment and for design. Luco and Cornell previously proposed a simple predictor that extends the idea of modal superposition (of the first two modes) with the square-root-of-sum-of-squares (SRSS) rule by taking a first-mode inelastic spectral displacement into account. This predictor achieved a significant improvement over simply using the response of an elastic oscillator; however, it cannot capture well large displacements caused by local yielding. A possible improvement of Luco's predictor is discussed in this paper, where it is proposed to consider three enhancements: (i) a post-elastic first-mode shape approximated by the deflected shape from a nonlinear static pushover analysis (NSPA) at the step corresponding to the maximum drift of an equivalent inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system, (ii) a trilinear backbone curve for the SDOF system, and (iii) the elastic third-mode response for long-period buildings. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed predictor is less biased and results in less dispersion than Luco's original predictor. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Nagoya Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Architecture, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. Honda Motor Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan. US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, Golden, CO USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Mori, Y (reprint author), Furo Cho,Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. EM yasu@sharaku.nuac.nagoya-u.ac.jp NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0098-8847 J9 EARTHQ ENG STRUCT D JI Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1295 EP 1318 DI 10.1002/eqe.587 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 071CG UT WOS:000239574600006 ER PT J AU Celebi, M AF Celebi, Mehmet TI Real-time seismic monitoring of the new Cape Girardeau Bridge and preliminary analyses of recorded data: An overview SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB This paper introduces the state-of-the-art seismic monitoring system implemented for the 1,206-m-long (3,956 ft) cable-stayed Bill Emerson Memorial Bridge in Cape Girardeau (Missouri), a new Mississippi River crossing, approximately 80 km from the epicentral region of the 1811 and 1812 New Madrid earthquakes. The real-time seismic monitoring system for the bridge includes a broadband network consisting of superstructure and free-field arrays and comprises a total of 84 channels of accelerometers deployed on the superstructure (towers and deck), pier foundations (caisson tops and bents), and in the vicinity of the bridge (e.g., free-field, both surface and downhole). The paper also introduces the high-quality response data obtained from the broadband network that otherwise would not have been possible with older instruments. Such data is aimed to be used by the owner, researchers, and engineers to (1) assess the performance of the bridge, (2) check design parameters, including the comparison of dynamic characteristics with actual response, and (3) better design future similar bridges. Preliminary spectral analyses of low-amplitude ambient vibration data and that from a small earthquake reveal specific response characteristics of this new bridge and the free-field in its proximity. There is coherent tower-cable-deck interaction that sometimes results in amplified ambient motions. Also, while the motions at the lowest (triaxial) downhole accelerometers on both Missouri and Illinois sides are practically free from any feedback of motions of the bridge, the motions at the middle downhole and surface accelerometers are influenced significantly even by amplified ambient motions of the bridge. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 609 EP 630 DI 10.1193/1.2219107 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 082GR UT WOS:000240375200003 ER PT J AU Holzer, TL Bennett, MJ Noce, TE Padovani, AC Tinsley, JC AF Holzer, Thomas L. Bennett, Michael J. Noce, Thomas E. Padovani, Amy C. Tinsley, John C., III TI Liquefaction hazard mapping with LPI in the Greater Oakland, California, area SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID PENETRATION TEST; POTENTIAL INDEX; SOIL; RESISTANCE; EARTHQUAKE AB Cumulative frequency distributions of the liquefaction potential index (LPI) of surficial geologic units were used to define the liquefaction hazard in a 140-km(2) area along the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay near Oakland, California. LPI values were computed for 202 cone penetration tests conducted in surficial geologic units in the study area. The hazard of each unit was defined by the cumulative frequency at LPI=5. The distributions predict that 73% and 3%, respectively, of the area underlain by artificial fill and Holocene, alluvial fan deposits will show surface manifestations of liquefaction during a M7.1 earthquake on the nearby Hayward Fault. The predictions are consistent with recent earthquakes in other areas where similar types of deposits experienced near-field ground motion. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Geosyntec Consultants, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. RP Holzer, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 8 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 693 EP 708 DI 10.1193/1.2218591 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 082GR UT WOS:000240375200006 ER PT J AU Whitledge, GW Rabeni, CF Annis, G Sowa, SP AF Whitledge, Gregory W. Rabeni, Charles F. Annis, Gust Sowa, Scott P. TI Riparian shading and groundwater enhance growth potential for smallmouth bass in Ozark streams SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; climate change; growth; Micropterus dolomieu; Missouri; Ozarks; riparian vegetation; springs; streams; temperature ID WATER TEMPERATURE; HABITAT; CRAYFISH; MISSOURI; FISHES; FOREST; DYNAMICS; DECAPODA; CLIMATE; ADULT AB Moderation of stream temperatures by riparian shading and groundwater are known to promote growth and survival of salmonid fishes, but effects of riparian shade and groundwater on to be growth of warmwater stream fishes are poorly understood or assumed to be negligible. We used stream temperature models to relate shading from riparian vegetation and groundwater inflow to summer water temperatures in Missouri Ozark streams and evaluated effects of summer water temperatures on smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, growth using-a bioenergetics model. Bioenergetics model simulations revealed that adult smallmouth bass in non-spring-fed streams have lower growth potential during summer than fish in spring-fed streams, are subject to mass loss when stream temperatures exceed 27 degrees C, and will likely exhibit greater interannual variation in growth during summer if all growth-influencing factors, other than temperature, are identical between the two stream types. Temperature models indicated that increased riparian shading will expand the longitudinal extent of thermal habitat capable of supporting adult smallmouth bass growth in spring-fed stream reaches when mean daily air temperatures exceed 27 degrees C. Optimum growth temperature (22 degrees C) will be present only in spring-fed streams under these conditions. Potential for increasing shade through riparian restoration is greatest for streams < 5 m wide and along north-south reaches of larger streams. However, temperature models also indicated that restoring riparian shading to maximum levels throughout a watershed would increase the total stream mileage capable of supporting positive growth of adult smallmouth bass by only 1-6% when air temperatures are at or near average summer maxima; increases in suitable thermal habitat would be greatest in watersheds with higher spring densities. Riparian management for maintenance or restoration of the thermal habitat of adult smallmouth bass during summer should be focused in areas strongly influenced by groundwater. Restoring riparian shading along spring-fed warmwater streams will likely benefit adult smallmouth bass growth. and may ultimately influence population sizes. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Missouri Resource Assessment Partnership, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Whitledge, GW (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM gwhit@siu.edu NR 60 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1461 EP 1473 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1461:RSAGEG]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073EV UT WOS:000239726700018 PM 16937811 ER PT J AU Yang, X Baumann, PC AF Yang, X Baumann, PC TI Biliary PAH metabolites and the hepatosomatic index of brown bullheads from Lake Erie tributaries SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE brown bullhead; PAH metabolites; hepatosomatic index; Lake Erie tributaries ID FIXED-WAVELENGTH FLUORESCENCE; LIVER SOMATIC INDEX; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ICTALURUS-NEBULOSUS; AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; BLACK RIVER; FISH; BILE; SEDIMENT AB In studies designed to investigate the environmental exposure of fish in Lake Erie tributaries, a benthic fish, the brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus), was collected from the industrially contaminated Detroit River, Ottawa River, Black River, Cuyahoga River-harbor and -upstream, Ashtabula River, Buffalo River, and Niagara River, and the non-industrialized Old Woman Creek during 1997-2000. Biliary benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)- and naphthalene (NAPH)-type metabolites and the hepatosomatic index (HSI) were measured in fish and compared between different sites. Fish from all of the contaminated sites except Niagara River had significantly higher concentrations of both types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites than fish from the Old Woman Creek. Concentrations of PAH metabolites in bile of fish were positively associated with concentrations of PAHs in sediments, supporting the use of bile metabolites as a measure of PAH exposure. Relatively low concentrations of PAHs detected in fish bile and sediments of the Niagara River, which had undergone extensive remediation, suggested a lowered PAH exposure for fish at this site. No apparent trend was observed in HSI between the industrialized and non-industrialized sites. This study demonstrates that biliary PAH metabolites are an effective indicator of exposure of fish to PAHs. However, because factors other than contamination could also affect the liver size of wild fish, HSI alone may be not a reliable biomarker for assessing contaminant stress. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Baumann, PC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, US Geol Survey, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM baumann.1@osu.edu NR 32 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 567 EP 574 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.08.025 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 053OZ UT WOS:000238315800009 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Hines, JE Sauer, JR Boulinier, T Cam, E AF Nichols, James D. Hines, James E. Sauer, John R. Boulinier, Thierry Cam, Emmanuelle TI Intra-guild compensation regulates species richness in desert rodents: Comment SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID COLONIZATION; EQUILIBRIUM; COMMUNITIES; ZOOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION; TURNOVER; ISLANDS; RATES C1 USGS Patuxent, Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. CNRS, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier, France. Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5174, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), USGS Patuxent, Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jim_nichols@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 87 IS 8 BP 2118 EP 2121 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2118:ICRSRI]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 074SZ UT WOS:000239833400029 PM 16937651 ER PT J AU Allen, CR Saunders, DA AF Allen, Craig R. Saunders, Denis A. TI Multimodel inference and the understanding of complexity, discontinuity, and normadism SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material DE nomadism; birds; Australia; diet; information-theoretic approach; multimodel selection; complexity; discontinuity ID PATTERNS; SYSTEMS AB Nomadism has received surprisingly little attention in the ecological literature, and further work in this area is needed. The results of Womarski's reanalysis of our research findings are broadly similar to our own, and they support our original interpretation. However, his presentation is confusing and difficult to interpret. We used an information-theoretic approach to multimodel selection. We a priori defined plausible candidate models relating the variables described in our original paper or Woinarski's reanalysis to the phenomenon of nomadism. We tested models that investigate nomadism as a function of nectivory, granivory, diet diversity, mixed diet, distance to body mass aggregation edge, mass, interactions between distance to edge and nectivory, distance to edge and mass, mass and nectivory, or mass and the interaction of edge and nectivory. There is consistency in our results across all sets of models, suggesting that mass, distance to body mass aggregation (scale breaks), and diet (nectivory) are all important factors in determining nomadism. in no case was nectivory or any other diet variable supported in a single-variable model. Given the same data and similar results, we and Woinarski reach fundamentally different conclusions. Woinarski views nomadism as an easily understandable result given knowledge of the proper single mechanistic variable, and he discounts interactions with structural features of the landscape and scaling. We conclude that nomadism is a fundamentally complex phenomenon without a single source of causation, and that it is the interaction of species, species attributes, and landscapes that is responsible for nomadic behavior. C1 Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. CSIRO, Sustainable Ecosyst, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rallen3@unlnotes.unl.edu RI Saunders, Denis/H-9792-2012 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 BP 694 EP 699 DI 10.1007/s10021-006-0048-7 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088TA UT WOS:000240832800002 ER PT J AU Pellerin, BA Kaushal, SS McDowell, WH AF Pellerin, Brian A. Kaushal, Sujay S. McDowell, William H. TI Does anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment increase organic nitrogen concentrations in runoff from forested and human-dominated watersheds? SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE dissolved organic nitrogen; nitrogen deposition; agriculture; forest; watersheds; urbanization ID TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; INORGANIC NITROGEN; SOIL SOLUTION; N-15 TRACER; FRESH-WATER; P FLUXES; LAND-USE; DEPOSITION; BIOAVAILABILITY; STREAMS AB Although the effects of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs on the dynamics of inorganic N in watersheds have been studied extensively, "the influence of N enrichment on organic N loss" is not as well understood. We compiled and synthesized data on surface water N concentrations from 348 forested and human-dominated watersheds with a range of N loads (from less than 100 to 7,100 kg N km(-2) y(-1)) to evaluate the effects of N loading via atmospheric deposition, fertilization, and wastewater on dissolved organic N (DON) concentrations. Our results indicate that, on average, DON accounts for half of the total dissolved N (TDN) concentrations from forested watersheds, but it accounts for a smaller fraction of TDN in runoff from urban and agricultural watersheds with higher N loading. A significant but weak correlation (r(2) = 0.06) suggests that N loading has little influence on DON concentrations in forested watersheds. This result contrasts with observations from some plot-scale N fertilization studies and suggests that variability in watershed characteristics and climate among forested watersheds may be a more important control on DON losses than N loading from atmospheric sources. Mean DON concentrations were positively correlated, however, with N load across the entire land-use gradient (r(2) = 0.37, P < 0.01), with the highest concentrations found in agricultural and urban watersheds. We hypothesize that both direct contributions of DON from wastewater and agricultural amendments and indirect transformations of inorganic N to organic N represent important sources of DON to surface waters in human-dominated watersheds. We conclude that DON is an important component of N loss in surface waters draining forested and human-dominated watersheds and suggest several research priorities that may be useful in elucidating the role of N enrichment in watershed DON dynamics. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Pellerin, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bpeller@usgs.gov RI McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013 OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189 NR 82 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 BP 852 EP 864 DI 10.1007/s10021-006-0076-3 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088TA UT WOS:000240832800014 ER PT J AU Kile, D AF Kile, Daniel TI Polarized light microscopy in geoscience education: Relevant or obsolete? SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Kile, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD AUG PY 2006 VL 2 IS 4 BP 197 EP 198 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 075FW UT WOS:000239870500002 ER PT J AU Garmestani, AS Allen, CR Mittelstaedt, JD Stow, CA Ward, WA AF Garmestani, Ahjond S. Allen, Craig R. Mittelstaedt, John D. Stow, Craig A. Ward, William A. TI Firm size diversity, functional richness, and resilience SO ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INDUSTRIAL DIVERSIFICATION; GEOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION; ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE; GROWTH; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; MODEL; SCALE; DISCONTINUITIES AB This paper applies recent advances in ecology to our understanding of firm development, sustainability, and economic development. The ecological literature indicates that the greater the functional richness of species in a system, the greater its resilience-that is, its ability to persist in the face of substantial changes in the environment. This paper focuses on the effects of functional richness across firm size on the ability of industries to survive in the face of economic change. Our results indicate that industries with a richness of industrial functions are more resilient to employment volatility. C1 Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Program Policy Studies, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Nebraska, USGS, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Mkt, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Clemson Univ, Ctr Int Trade, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Garmestani, AS (reprint author), Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 NR 69 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1355-770X J9 ENVIRON DEV ECON JI Environ. Dev. Econ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 11 BP 533 EP 551 DI 10.1017/S1355770X06003081 PN 4 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 082ZW UT WOS:000240426700007 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Nalepa, TF Madenjian, CP Rediske, RR Schneeberger, PJ He, JX AF Pothoven, Steven A. Nalepa, Thomas F. Madenjian, Charles P. Rediske, Richard R. Schneeberger, Philip J. He, Ji X. TI Energy density of lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in Lakes Huron and Michigan SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE calorimetry; condition; Great Lakes; lake whitefish ID GREAT-LAKES; FISHES; POPULATIONS; ENERGETICS; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; DIET; PREY AB We collected lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis off Alpena and Tawas City, Michigan, USA in Lake Huron and off Muskegon, Michigan USA in Lake Michigan during 2002-2004. We determined energy density and percent dry weight for lake whitefish from both lakes and lipid content for Lake Michigan fish. Energy density increased with increasing fish weight up to 800 g, and then remained relatively constant with further increases in fish weight. Energy density, adjusted for weight, was lower in Lake Huron than in Lake Michigan for both small (<= 800 g) and large fish (> 800 g). Energy density did not differ seasonally for small or large lake whitefish or between adult male and female fish. Energy density was strongly correlated with percent dry weight and percent lipid content. Based on data from commercially caught lake whitefish, body condition was lower in Lake Huron than Lake Michigan during 1981-2003, indicating that the dissimilarity in body condition between the lakes could be long standing. Energy density and lipid content in 2002-2004 in Lake Michigan were lower than data for comparable sized fish collected in 1969-1971. Differences in energy density between lakes were attributed to variation in diet and prey energy content as well as factors that affect feeding rates such as lake whitefish density and prey abundance. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena Fisheries Res Stn, Fletcher Alpena, MI 49707 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 2006 VL 76 IS 2-4 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9017-4 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 081KR UT WOS:000240317000004 ER PT J AU Diawara, MM Litt, JS Unis, D Alfonso, N Martinez, L Crock, JG Smith, DB Carsella, J AF Diawara, Moussa M. Litt, Jill S. Unis, Dave Alfonso, Nicholas Martinez, LeeAnne Crock, James G. Smith, David B. Carsella, James TI Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: implications for population health risk SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE arsenic; cadmium; cancer risks; environmental contamination; ESDA; GPS coordinates; lead; mercury; spatial statistics; urban geochemistry ID MORTALITY AB Decades of intensive industrial and agricultural practices as well as rapid urbanization have left communities like Pueblo, Colorado facing potential health threats from pollution of its soils, air, water and food supply. To address such concerns about environmental contamination, we conducted an urban geochemical study of the city of Pueblo to offer insights into the potential chemical hazards in soil and inform priorities for future health studies and population interventions aimed at reducing exposures to inorganic substances. The current study characterizes the environmental landscape of Pueblo in terms of heavy metals, and relates this to population distributions. Soil was sampled within the city along transects and analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb). We also profiled Pueblo's communities in terms of their socioeconomic status and demographics. ArcGIS 9.0 was used to perform exploratory spatial data analysis and generate community profiles and prediction maps. The topsoil in Pueblo contains more As, Cd, Hg and Pb than national soil averages, although average Hg content in Pueblo was within reported baseline ranges. The highest levels of As concentrations ranged between 56.6 and 66.5 ppm. Lead concentrations exceeded 300 ppm in several of Pueblo's residential communities. Elevated levels of lead are concentrated in low-income Hispanic and African-American communities. Areas of excessively high Cd concentration exist around Pueblo, including low income and minority communities, raising additional health and environmental justice concerns. Although the distribution patterns vary by element and may reflect both industrial and non-industrial sources, the study confirms that there is environmental contamination around Pueblo and underscores the need for a comprehensive public health approach to address environmental threats in urban communities. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Diawara, MM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, 2200 Bonforte Blvd, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. EM moussa.diawara@colostate-pueblo.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [1P20 CA91489-01 A1, R25 CA49981] NR 29 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD AUG PY 2006 VL 28 IS 4 BP 297 EP 315 DI 10.1007/s10653-005-9000-6 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 073DG UT WOS:000239722300001 PM 16752202 ER PT J AU Harding, AK Daston, GP Boyd, GR Lucier, GW Safe, SH Stewart, J Tillitt, DE Van der Kraak, G AF Harding, Anna K. Daston, George P. Boyd, Glen R. Lucier, George W. Safe, Stephen H. Stewart, Juarine Tillitt, Donald E. Van der Kraak, Glen TI Endocrine disrupting chemicals research program of the US Environmental Protection Agency: Summary of a peer-review report SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE ecologic effects; endocrine-disrupting chemicals; endocrine disruptors; hormonal activity; human health; risk assessment; risk management; screening and testing AB At the request of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development, a subcommittee of the Board of Scientific Counselors Executive Committee conducted an independent and open peer review of the Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Research Program (EDC Research Program) of the U.S. EPA. The subcommittee was charged with reviewing the design, relevance, progress, scientific leadership, and resources of the program. The subcommittee found that the long-term goals and science questions in the EDC Program are appropriate and represent an understandable and solid framework for setting research priorities, representing a combination of problem-driven and core research. Long-term goal (LTG) 1, dealing with the underlying science surrounding endocrine disruptors, provides a solid scientific foundation for conducting risk assessments and making risk management decisions. LTG 2, dealing with defining the extent of the impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), has shown greater progress on ecologic effects of EDCs compared with that on human health effects. LTG 3, which involves support of the Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Program of the U.S. EPA, has two mammalian tests already through a validation program and soon available for use. Despite good progress, we recommend that the U.S. EPA a) strengthen their expertise in wildlife toxicology, b) expedite validation of the Endocrine Disruptors Screening and Testing Advisory Committee tests, c) continue dependable funding for the EDC Research Program, a) take a leadership role in the application of "omics" technologies to address many of the science questions critical for evaluating environmental and human health effects of EDCs, and e) continue to sponsor multidisciplinary intramural research and interagency collaborations. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Labs, Cincinnati, OH USA. HDR Engn Inc, Bellevue, WA USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Morgan State Univ, Sch Comp Math & Nat Sci, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Biochem & Physiol Branch, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Harding, AK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, 309 Waldo Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM anna.harding@oregonstate.edu NR 19 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 22 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 114 IS 8 BP 1276 EP 1282 DI 10.1289/ehp.8875 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 069SH UT WOS:000239468000055 PM 16882539 ER PT J AU Ward, MH de Kok, TM AF Ward, Mary H. de Kok, Theo M. TI Dietary nitrate: Ward et al. respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID ENDOGENOUS NITROSATION; DRINKING-WATER; NITROSOPROLINE EXCRETION; ASCORBIC-ACID; EXPOSURE; PROLINE C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Dept Hlth Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Maastricht, Dept Hlth Risk Anal & Toxicol, Maastricht, Netherlands. Ctr Hosp Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Sante Publ, Unite Rech Sante Publ, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Texas A&M Univ, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX USA. So Denmark Univ, Odense, Denmark. Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Ward, MH (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Dept Hlth Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM wardm@mail.nih.gov RI de Kok, Theo/G-6213-2014 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 114 IS 8 BP A459 EP A461 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 069SH UT WOS:000239468000006 ER PT J AU Wang, LZ Weigel, BW Kanehl, P Lohman, K AF Wang, Lizhu Weigel, Brian W. Kanehl, Paul Lohman, Kirk TI Influence of riffle and snag habitat specific sampling on stream macroinvertebrate assemblage measures in bioassessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE macro invertebrate; streams; bias; riffle habitat; snag habitat; macroinvertebrate biotic index; environmental impacts; habitat-specific sampling ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; FOREST ECOREGION; NORTHERN LAKES; RIVERS; CLASSIFICATION; PREDICTION; INTEGRITY; INDEX; USA AB Stream macroinvertebrate communities vary naturally among types of habitats where they are sampled, which affects the results of environmental assessment. We analyzed macroinvertebrates collected from riffle and snag habitats to evaluate influences of habitat-specific sampling on taxon occurrence, assemblage measures, and biotic indices. We found considerably more macroinvertebrate taxa unique to snags (143 taxa) than to riffles (75 taxa), and the numbers of taxa found in both riffles and snags (149 taxa) were similar to that found in snags. About 64% of the 47 macroinvertebrate measures we tested differed significantly between riffles and snags. Eighty percent intercepts of regressions between biotic indices and urban or agricultural land uses differed significantly between riffles and snags. The Hilsenhoff biotic index calculated from snag samples explained 69% of the variance of riffle samples and classified 66% of the sites into the same stream health group as the riffle samples. However, four multimetric indices for snag samples explained less than 50% of the variance of riffle samples and classified less than 50% of the sites into the same health group as the riffle samples. We concluded that macroinvertebrate indices developed for riffle/run habitat should not be used for snag samples to assess stream impairment. We recommend developing an index of biotic integrity specifically for snags and using snags as an alternate sampling substrate for streams that naturally lack riffles. C1 Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Monona, WI 53716 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Wang, LZ (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Inst, 212 Museums Annex, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM wangl@michigan.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 119 IS 1-3 BP 245 EP 273 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-9025-4 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 093LX UT WOS:000241170900016 PM 16741823 ER PT J AU Graydon, JA St Louis, VL Lindberg, SE Hintelmann, H Krabbenhoft, DP AF Graydon, Jennifer A. St. Louis, Vincent L. Lindberg, Steve E. Hintelmann, Holger Krabbenhoft, David P. TI Investigation of mercury exchange between forest canopy vegetation and the atmosphere using a new dynamic chamber SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOLIAR EXCHANGE; GAS-EXCHANGE; DEPOSITION; EMISSION; SOIL; VAPOR; FLUX; THROUGHFALL; CATCHMENTS; NEVADA AB This paper presents the design of a dynamic chamber system that allows full transmission of PAR and UV radiation and permits enclosed intact foliage to maintain normal physiological function while Hg(0) flux rates are quantified in the field. Black spruce and jack pine foliage both emitted and absorbed Hg(0), exhibiting compensation points near atmospheric Hg(0) concentrations of similar to 2-3 ng m(-3). Using enriched stable Hg isotope spikes, patterns of spike Hg(II) retention on foliage were investigated. Hg(0) evasion rates from foliage were simultaneously measured using the chamber to determine if the decline of foliar spike Hg(II) concentrations over time could be explained by the photoreduction and re-emission of spike Hg to the atmosphere. This mass balance approach suggested that spike Hg(0) fluxes alone could not account for the measured decrease in spike Hg(II) on foliage following application, implying that either the chamber underestimates the true photoreduction of Hg(II) to Hg( 0) on foliage, or other mechanisms of Hg(II) loss from foliage, such as cuticle weathering, are in effect. The radiation spectrum responsible for the photoreduction of newly deposited Hg(II) on foliage was also investigated. Our spike experiments suggest that some of the Hg(II) in wet deposition retained by the forest canopy may be rapidly photoreduced to Hg(0) and re-emitted back to the atmosphere, while another portion may be retained by foliage at the end of the growing season, with some being deposited in litterfall. This finding has implications for the estimation of Hg dry deposition based on throughfall and litterfall fluxes. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. US Geol Survey, WRD, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Graydon, JA (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM jgraydon@ualberta.ca RI St. Louis, Vincent/G-6842-2011; St. Louis, Vincent/A-3757-2014; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Graydon, Jennifer/G-6853-2011; OI Hintelmann, Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X NR 35 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 15 BP 4680 EP 4688 DI 10.1021/es0604616 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 069HS UT WOS:000239437600031 PM 16913124 ER PT J AU Ganju, NK Schoellhamer, DH AF Ganju, Neil K. Schoellhamer, David H. TI Annual sediment flux estimates in a tidal strait using surrogate measurements SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sediment flux; sediment budgets; estuaries; San Francisco Bay ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; ESTUARY; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT; CHANNEL; DELTA; PLAIN; SALT AB Annual suspended-sediment flux estimates through Carquinez Strait (the seaward boundary of Suisun Bay, California) are provided based on surrogate measurements for advective, dispersive, and Stokes drift flux. The surrogates are landward watershed discharge, suspended-sediment concentration at one location in the Strait, and the longitudinal salinity gradient. The first two surrogates substitute for tidally averaged discharge and velocity-weighted suspended-sediment concentration in the Strait, thereby providing advective flux estimates, while Stokes drift is estimated with suspended-sediment concentration alone. Dispersive flux is estimated using the product of longitudinal salinity gradient and the root-mean-square value of velocity-weighted suspended-sediment concentration as an added surrogate variable. Cross-sectional measurements validated the use of surrogates during the monitoring period. During high freshwater flow advective and dispersive flux were in the seaward direction, while landward dispersive flux dominated and advective flux approached zero during low freshwater flow. Stokes drift flux was consistently in the landward direction. Wetter than average years led to net export from Suisun Bay, while dry years led to net sediment import. Relatively low watershed sediment fluxes to Suisun Bay contribute to net export during the wet season, while gravitational circulation in Carquinez Strait and higher suspended-sediment concentrations in San Pablo Bay (seaward end of Carquinez Strait) are responsible for the net import of sediment during the dry season. Annual predictions of suspended-sediment fluxes, using these methods, will allow for a sediment budget for Suisun Bay, which has implications for marsh restoration and nutrient/contaminant transport. These methods also provide a general framework for estimating sediment fluxes in estuarine environments, where temporal and spatial variability of transport are large. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.04.008 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 075AW UT WOS:000239855300014 ER PT J AU Basu, S Stuart, FM Klemm, V Korschinek, G Knie, K Hein, JR AF Basu, S. Stuart, F. M. Klemm, V. Korschinek, G. Knie, K. Hein, J. R. TI Helium isotopes in ferromanganese crusts from the central Pacific Ocean SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES; NOBLE-GASES; ANTARCTIC MICROMETEORITES; EXTRATERRESTRIAL HE-3; ACCRETION RATE; NORTH PACIFIC; EXCESS HE-3; DIFFUSION AB Helium isotopes have been measured in samples of two ferromanganese crusts (VA13/2 and CD29-2) from the central Pacific Ocean. With the exception of the deepest part of crust CD29-2 the data can be explained by a mixture of implanted solar- and galactic cosmic 4 ray-produced (GCR) He, in extraterrestrial grains, and radiogenic He in wind-borne continental dust grains. He concentrations are I invariant and require retention of less than 12% of the in situ He produced since crust formation. Loss has occurred by recoil and diffusion. High He in CD29-2 samples older than 42 Ma are correlated with phosphatization and can be explained by retention of up to 12% of the in situ-produced He-4. He-3/He-4 of VA13/2 samples varies from 18.5 to 1852 R-a due almost entirely to variation in the extraterrestrial He contribution. The highest He-3/He-4 is comparable to the highest values measured in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and micrometeorites (MMs). Helium concentrations are orders of magnitude lower than in oceanic sediments reflecting the low trapping efficiency for in-falling terrestrial and extraterrestrial grains of Fe-Mn crusts. The extraterrestrial He-3 concentration of the crusts rules out whole, undegassed 4-40 mu m diameter IDPs as the host. Instead it requires that the extraterrestrial He inventory is carried by numerous particles with significantly lower He concentrations, and occasional high concentration GCR-He-bearing particles. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Scottish Univ Environm Res Ctr, Isotope Geosci Unit, E Kilbride G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland. ETH Zentrum, Inst Isotope Geochem & Mineral Resources, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Tech Univ Munich, Fac Phys, D-85747 Garching, Germany. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Scottish Univ Environm Res Ctr, Isotope Geosci Unit, E Kilbride G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland. EM s.basu@suerc.gla.ac.uk RI Stuart, Finlay/E-7417-2010 NR 58 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 15 BP 3996 EP 4006 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.05.015 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 073TP UT WOS:000239765800016 ER PT J AU Borrok, DM Ridley, WI Lamothe, PJ Wanty, RB AF Borrok, D. M. Ridley, W. I. Lamothe, P. J. Wanty, R. B. TI Separation of Cu, Fe, and Zn from complex aqueous solutions for isotopic measurement SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dborrok@usgs.gov; iridley@usgs.gov; plamothe@usgs.gov; rwanty@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A59 EP A59 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.222 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200128 ER PT J AU Brantley, SL Fletcher, RC Buss, H Moore, J Hausrath, E Navarre, A Lebedeva, M White, AF AF Brantley, S. L. Fletcher, R. C. Buss, H. Moore, J. Hausrath, E. Navarre, A. Lebedeva, M. White, A. F. TI Weathering from the soil profile to the watershed: what controls the weathering advance rate? SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Sci Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM brantley@eesi.psu.edu; afwhite@usgs.gov RI Moore, Joel/G-7626-2011; Buss, Heather/M-1693-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A64 EP A64 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.232 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200138 ER PT J AU Bullen, T Baesman, S Oremland, R Aggarwal, J AF Bullen, T. Baesman, S. Oremland, R. Aggarwal, J. TI Isotopic fractionation of tellurium during reduction of Te(IV) and Te(VI) to Te(0) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Keck Isotope Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM tdbullen@usgs.gov; jaggarwal@pmc.ucsc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A73 EP A73 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.250 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200157 ER PT J AU Chudaev, OV Chudaeva, VA Sugimor, K Kuno, A Matsuo, M Nordstrom, DK AF Chudaev, O. V. Chudaeva, V. A. Sugimor, K. Kuno, A. Matsuo, M. Nordstrom, D. K. TI New geochemical data of hydrothermal system of Baransky Volcano (Kuril Islands) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Far East Geol Inst, Vladivostok, Russia. Pacific Inst Geog, Vladivostok, Russia. Toho Univ, Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. EM chudaev@fegi.uru; valchud@hotmail.com; kensan@med.toho-u.ac.jp; dkn@usgs.gov; dkn@usgs.gov RI Matsuo, M/A-2515-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A102 EP A102 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.117 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200214 ER PT J AU Dalby, KN Dufresne, CDM King, PL Byrnes, JM Lee, RJ Ramsey, MS AF Dalby, K. N. Dufresne, C. D. M. King, P. L. Byrnes, J. M. Lee, R. J. Ramsey, M. S. TI Characterization of glasses using infrared spectroscopy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. USGS, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Univ Pittsburgh, IVIS Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM kdalby@uwo.ca RI Dalby, Kim/J-8407-2012; Ramsey, Michael/D-9183-2013; OI Dalby, Kim/0000-0001-6048-3583; King, Penelope/0000-0002-8364-9168 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A125 EP A125 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.267 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200261 ER PT J AU Frank, M Hattendorf, B Gunther, D Hein, JR AF Frank, M. Hattendorf, B. Guenther, D. Hein, J. R. TI Changes in ocean chemistry across the K/T boundary: A laser-ablation study of a marine Fe/Mn crust SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 ETH, Inst Isotope Geol & Min Resources, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Kiel, IFM GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. ETH, Inorgan Chem Lab, Zurich, Switzerland. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM mfrank@ifm-geomar.de NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A184 EP A184 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.370 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200379 ER PT J AU Gascoyne, M Peterman, ZE AF Gascoyne, M. Peterman, Z. E. TI Strontium and Sr-87/(86) Sr in granite and groundwater in Canada's underground research laboratory SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 GCP Inc, Pinawa, MB, Canada. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gascoyne@granite.mb.ca; peterman@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A195 EP A195 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.394 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200401 ER PT J AU Goldhaber, MB Morrison, JM Wanty, RB Smith, DB Plumlee, GS AF Goldhaber, M. B. Morrison, J. M. Wanty, R. B. Smith, D. B. Plumlee, G. S. TI A soil geochemical transect in northern California: Links to human health SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mgold@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A207 EP A207 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.417 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200425 ER PT J AU Helz, RT Pitcher, L Walker, RJ AF Helz, R. T. Pitcher, L. Walker, R. J. TI Behavior of PGEs and re in Kilauea a palaeoenvironmental proxy Iki lava lake, Hawaii SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 USGS, Parks Coll, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rhelz@usgs.gov; wildstrawberries_55@msn.com; rjwalker@geol.umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A242 EP A242 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.488 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200495 ER PT J AU Kulongoski, JT Hilton, DR Hostetler, S Cresswell, R Jacobson, G AF Kulongoski, Justin T. Hilton, David R. Hostetler, Stephen Cresswell, Richard Jacobson, Gerry TI Helium-4 characteristics of groundwaters from Central Australia: Comparative chronology with chlorine-36 and carbon-14 dating techniques SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 US Geol Survey, California Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Fluids & Volatiles Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Bur Rural Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. CSIRO Land & Water, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. EM kulongos@usgs.gov; drhilton@ucsd.edu; Stephen.Hostetler@brs.gov.au; Richard.cresswell@csiro.au NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A338 EP A338 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.682 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200684 ER PT J AU Maher, K Redwine, J Mazdab, FK Wooden, JL AF Maher, K. Redwine, J. Mazdab, F. K. Wooden, J. L. TI Paleoenvironmental information from U-series measurements of pedogenic opal SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM kmaher@usgs.gov; jredwine@usgs.gov; fmazdab@usgs.gov; jwooden@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A384 EP A384 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.776 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201019 ER PT J AU Mattinson, CG Wooden, JL Liou, JG Bird, DK Wu, CL AF Mattinson, C. G. Wooden, J. L. Liou, J. G. Bird, D. K. Wu, C. L. TI Age and duration of eclogite-facies metamorphism, north Qaidam HP/UHP terrane, western China SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA ID RUTILE C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. EM cgm@pangea.stanford.edu NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A401 EP A401 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.809 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201054 ER PT J AU Mazdab, FK Wooden, JL AF Mazdab, F. K. Wooden, J. L. TI Trace element analysis in zircon by ion microprobe (SHRIMP-RG): Technique and applications SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 US Geol Survey, Stanford Ion Probe Lab, Stanford, CA USA. EM fmazdab@usgs.gov; jwooden@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A405 EP A405 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.817 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201062 ER PT J AU Stollenwerk, KG Breit, GN Welch, AH Foster, AL AF Stollenwerk, K. G. Breit, G. N. Welch, A. H. Foster, A. L. TI Remediation of arsenic-contaminated groundwater by oxidized sediments in Bangladesh SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kgstolle@usgs.gov; gbreit@usgs.gov; ahwelch@usgs.gov; afoster@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A617 EP A617 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1145 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201481 ER PT J AU White, AF Schulz, MS Vivit, DV Stonestrom, DA Blum, AE AF White, A. F. Schulz, M. S. Vivit, D. V. Stonestrom, D. A. Blum, A. E. TI Deciphering chemical fluxes and reaction rates from regolith weathering profiles SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. EM afwhite@usgs.gov; aeblum@usgs.gov RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A698 EP A698 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1607 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201641 ER PT J AU White, AF Schulz, MS Vivit, DV Bullen, TD Aggarwal, J AF White, A. F. Schulz, M. S. Vivit, D. V. Bullen, T. D. Aggarwal, J. TI Distinguishing between lithogenic and biogenic processes in soil weathering environments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM afwhite@usgs.gov; aggarwal@pmc.ucsc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A698 EP A698 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1517 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201640 ER PT J AU Wooden, JL Mazdab, FK Barth, AP Miller, CF Lowery, LE AF Wooden, J. L. Mazdab, F. K. Barth, A. P. Miller, C. F. Lowery, L. E. TI Temperatures (Ti) and compositional characteristics of zircon: Early observations using high mass resolution on the USGS-Stanford SHRIMP-RG SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM jwooden@usgs.gov; fmazdab@usgs.gov; ibsz100@iupui.edu; calvin.miller@vanderbilt.edu; lily.e.lowery@vanderbilt.edu RI Hellstrom, John/B-1770-2008 OI Hellstrom, John/0000-0001-9427-3525 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A707 EP A707 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1533 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201658 ER PT J AU Workman, RK Boettcher, M Asimow, PD AF Workman, R. K. Boettcher, M. Asimow, P. D. TI Elemental budget and rheology of the oceanic lithosphere SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rworkman@gps.caltech.edu; mboettcher@usgs.gov; asimow@gps.caltech.edu RI Asimow, Paul/E-7451-2010 OI Asimow, Paul/0000-0001-6025-8925 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A708 EP A708 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1535 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201660 ER PT J AU Zheng, BS Wang, AM Lu, QX Finkelman, RB AF Zheng, Baoshan Wang, Aimin Lu, Qixing Finkelman, Robert B. TI Endemic fluorosis and high-F clay SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control Zhijin Cty, Guizhou, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, MS 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A744 EP A744 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1340 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201730 ER PT J AU Matmon, A Schwartz, DP Haeussler, PJ Finkel, R Lienkaemper, JJ Stenner, HD Dawson, TE AF Matmon, A. Schwartz, D. P. Haeussler, P. J. Finkel, R. Lienkaemper, J. J. Stenner, H. D. Dawson, T. E. TI Denali fault slip rates and Holocene-late Pleistocene kinematics of central Alaska SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Denali fault; slip rates; cosmogenic isotopes; offset moraines ID AHKLUN MOUNTAINS; TECTONICS; CONSTRAINTS; EARTHQUAKE; MOTION; SYSTEM; SCALE; RANGE AB The Denali fault is the principal intracontinental strike-slip fault accommodating deformation of interior Alaska associated with the Yakutat plate convergence. We obtained the first quantitative late Pleistocene-Holocene slip rates on the Denali fault system from dating offset geomorphic features. Analysis of cosmogenic Be-10 concentrations in boulders (n = 27) and sediment (n = 13) collected at seven sites, offset 25-170 m by the Denali and Totschunda faults, gives average ages that range from 2.4 +/- 0.3 ka to 17.0 +/- 1.8 ka. These offsets and ages yield late Pleistocene-Holocene average slip rates of 9.4 +/- 1.6, 12.1 +/- 1.7, and 8.4 +/- 2.2 mm/yr(-1) along the western, central, and eastern Denali fault, respectively, and 6.0 +/- 1.2 mm/yr(-1) along the Totschunda fault. Our results suggest a westward decrease in the mean Pleistocene-Holocene slip rate. This westward decrease likely results from partitioning of slip from the Denali fault system to thrust faults to the north and west. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Matmon, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 31 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 34 IS 8 BP 645 EP 648 DI 10.1130/G22361.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 076DM UT WOS:000239937200010 ER PT J AU Chand, S Minshull, TA Priest, JA Best, AI Clayton, CRI Waite, WF AF Chand, Shyam Minshull, Tim A. Priest, Jeff A. Best, Angus I. Clayton, Christopher R. I. Waite, William F. TI An effective medium inversion algorithm for gas hydrate quantification and its application to laboratory and borehole measurements of gas hydrate-bearing sediments SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE attenuation; elastic wave theory; gas hydrate; P waves; S waves ID METHANE-HYDRATE; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; WAVE ATTENUATION; VELOCITY; SAND; PERMEABILITY; PROPAGATION; SANDSTONES; ANISOTROPY; POROSITY AB The presence of gas hydrate in marine sediments alters their physical properties. In some circumstances, gas hydrate may cement sediment grains together and dramatically increase the seismic P- and S-wave velocities of the composite medium. Hydrate may also form a load-bearing structure within the sediment microstructure, but with different seismic wave attenuation characteristics, changing the attenuation behaviour of the composite. Here we introduce an inversion algorithm based on effective medium modelling to infer hydrate saturations from velocity and attenuation measurements on hydrate-bearing sediments. The velocity increase is modelled as extra binding developed by gas hydrate that strengthens the sediment microstructure. The attenuation increase is modelled through a difference in fluid flow properties caused by different permeabilities in the sediment and hydrate microstructures. We relate velocity and attenuation increases in hydrate-bearing sediments to their hydrate content, using an effective medium inversion algorithm based on the self-consistent approximation (SCA), differential effective medium (DEM) theory, and Biot and squirt flow mechanisms of fluid flow. The inversion algorithm is able to convert observations in compressional and shear wave velocities and attenuations to hydrate saturation in the sediment pore space. We applied our algorithm to a data set from the Mallik 2L-38 well, Mackenzie delta, Canada, and to data from laboratory measurements on gas-rich and water-saturated sand samples. Predictions using our algorithm match the borehole data and water-saturated laboratory data if the proportion of hydrate contributing to the load-bearing structure increases with hydrate saturation. The predictions match the gas-rich laboratory data if that proportion decreases with hydrate saturation. We attribute this difference to differences in hydrate formation mechanisms between the two environments. C1 Geol Survey Norway, NGU, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Univ Southampton, Sch Civil Engn & Environm, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Chand, S (reprint author), Geol Survey Norway, NGU, Polarmijlosenteret, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. EM shyam.chand@ngu.no RI Minshull, Timothy/D-1147-2010; OI Minshull, Timothy/0000-0002-8202-1379; Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109 NR 49 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 166 IS 2 BP 543 EP 552 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03038.x PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 063GB UT WOS:000239004900005 ER PT J AU Kalkreuth, W Holz, M Kern, M Machado, G Mexias, A Silva, MB Willett, J Finkelman, R Burger, H AF Kalkreuth, W. Holz, M. Kern, M. Machado, G. Mexias, A. Silva, M. B. Willett, J. Finkelman, R. Burger, H. TI Petrology and chemistry of Permian coals from the Parana Basin: 1. Santa Terezinha, Leao-Butia and Candiota Coalfields, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the International-Committee-for-Coal-and-Organic-Petrology CY SEP 12-18, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Geol Inst Hungary, Hungarian Geol Soc DE Parana Basin; Brazil; coal petrology; chemistry; SEM; trace elements; statistical evaluation ID SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MINERAL MATTER; SEAMS; RANK; FLORIDA; STRATA AB The current paper presents results on petrological and geochemical coal seam characterization in Permian coal-bearing strata from the Parana Basin, southern Brazil. Sequence stratigraphic analysis shows that peat accumulation in Permian time was closely linked to transgressive/regressive cycles, with peat accumulation occur-ring in a predominantly back barrier/lagoonal setting. Coal petrographic analysis indicates subbituminous coals at Candiota and Leao-Butia and high volatile bituminous coals at Santa Terezinha, where locally the coal seams are thermally altered by volcanic intrusions. Petrographic composition is highly variable, with seams at Candiota and Santa Terezinha frequently enriched in inertinite. Chemical analyses indicate that all coals are mineral matter-rich (mean 49.09 wt.%), with SiO2 and Al2O3 dominating as determined by ICP-AES. Quartz is also the predominant mineral detected by X-ray diffraction, where it is associated with feldspar, kaolinite and hematite and iron-rich carbonates. The results from Scanning Electron Microscopy are broadly consistent with the bulk chemical and mineralogical analysis. Quartz and clays are common in all samples analyzed. Other minerals observed were, amongst others, carbonates (calcite, siderite, ankerite), pyrite, monazite, kaolinite, barite, sphalerite, rutile and quartz of volcanic origin. The distribution of trace elements is well within the range typical for coal basins of other areas despite the fact that the Parana Basin coals are very high in ash yields. The average concentrations for elements of environmental concern (As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, U, V, Zn) are similar to or less than the mean values for U.S. coal. However, considered on an equal energy basis, Parana Basin coals will produce in combustion 5 to 10 times the amount of most elements compared to an equal weight US coal. Concentrations of major and trace elements, such as Fe, B and S, appear to be controlled by depositional setting, with increasing values in coal seams overlain by brackish/marine strata. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified three groups of major minerals and seven groups of trace elements based on similarity levels. On a regional scale, the coalfields can be separated by the differences in rank (Candiota and Leao-Butia versus Santa Terezinha) and by applying discriminant analysis based on 4 trace elements (Li, As, Sr, Sb). Highest Rb and Sr values occur at Candiota and are linked to syngenetic volcanism of the area, whereas high Y and Sr values at Santa Terezinha can be related to the frequent diabase intrusions in that area. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UFRGS, Inst Geociencias, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. UFRGS, Inst Quim, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Free Univ Berlin, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. RP Kalkreuth, W (reprint author), UFRGS, Inst Geociencias, Av Bento Goncalves 9500, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM Wolfgang.Kalkreuth@ufrgs.br RI Mexias, Andre/G-4559-2012; Holz, Michael/L-3269-2013; MACHADO, GIOVANNA/N-1217-2014; OI Mexias, Andre/0000-0003-0375-6439 NR 47 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2005.10.006 PG 38 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 072LB UT WOS:000239673800008 ER PT J AU Simon, TP Thoma, RF AF Simon, Thomas P. Thoma, Roger F. TI Conservation of imperiled crayfish - Orconectes (faxonius) indianensis hay (Decapoda : Cambaridae) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. Indiana Biol Survey, Aquat Res Ctr, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Simon, TP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 620 S Walker St, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. EM thomas_simon@fws.gov; bartonii@adelphia.com RI Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012; OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 436 EP 440 DI 10.1651/S-2662.1 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 084CB UT WOS:000240508200016 ER PT J AU Congleton, JL Wagner, T AF Congleton, J. L. Wagner, T. TI Blood-chemistry indicators of nutritional status in juvenile salmonids SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chinook salmon; fasting; food deprivation; rainbow trout; smoltification ID PHOSPHO-VANILLIN REACTION; TOTAL SERUM-LIPIDS; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; CHINOOK SALMON; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROWN TROUT; SEAWATER ADAPTATION AB Three experiments were performed to determine the effects of food deprivation (21-35 days at 10-12 degrees C) on selected blood-chemistry variables in juvenile salmonids. The experimental groups were laboratory-reared rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (RBT), laboratory-reared Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (LCS) and hatchery-reared, actively migrating Chinook salmon (MCS). After fasting, RBT and LCS were refed for 10 days. In fasted fishes, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities decreased relatively rapidly, differing significantly (P <= 0.05) from activities in fed control fishes after 1 2 weeks. Total protein (for all groups) and total cholesterol (for RBT and MCS) decreased relative to fed controls after 2-3 weeks, and total calcium (for RBT and MCS) after 3-4 weeks. Plasma ALP activities recovered after 10 days refeeding, but total protein, cholesterol and calcium concentrations did not. Triglyceride concentrations were highly variable and responded significantly to fasting only in the trial with RBT. Concentrations of some variables decreased (glucose and phosphorus) or increased (total magnesium) relative to control values during the initial days or weeks of fasting and then stabilized at new levels. Activities of four metabolic enzymes of intracellular origin (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate ammotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase) did not differ significantly in the plasma of fed and fasted fishes. (c) 2006 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles (No claim to original US government works) C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Congleton, JL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jconglet@uidaho.edu NR 40 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 69 IS 2 BP 473 EP 490 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01114.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 076MF UT WOS:000239961700010 ER PT J AU Kocan, R Hershberger, P AF Kocan, R. Hershberger, P. TI Differences in Ichthyophonus prevalence and infection severity between upper Yukon River and Tanana River chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), stocks SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Review DE Alaska; Canada; chinook salmon; Ichthyophonus; Tanana River; Yukon River ID PUGET-SOUND; HOFERI; POPULATIONS; AGE; USA AB Two genetically distinct populations of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), were simultaneously sampled at the confluence of the Yukon and Tanana rivers in 2003. Upper Yukon-Canadian fish had significantly higher infection prevalence as well as more severe infections (higher parasite density in heart tissue) than the lower Yukon-Tanana River fish. Both populations had migrated the same distance from the mouth of the Yukon River at the time of sampling but had significantly different distances remaining to swim before reaching their respective spawning grounds. Multiple working hypotheses are proposed to explain the differences between the two stocks: (1) the two genetically distinct populations have different inherent resistance to infection, (2) genetically influenced differences in feeding behaviour resulted in temporal and/or spatial differences in exposure, (3) physiological differences resulting from different degrees of sexual maturity influenced the course of disease, and (4) the most severely infected Tanana River fish either died en route or fatigued and were unable to complete their migration to the Tanana River, thus leaving a population of apparently healthier fish. C1 US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Isl Marine Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kocan, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Isl Marine Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM kocan@u.washington.edu NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 8 BP 497 EP 503 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00743.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 078GZ UT WOS:000240092000006 PM 16911537 ER PT J AU Moss, RES Seed, RB Kayen, RE Stewart, JP Kiureghian, AD Cetin, KO AF Moss, R. E. S. Seed, R. B. Kayen, R. E. Stewart, J. P. Kiureghian, A. Der Cetin, K. O. TI CPT-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of in situ seismic soil liquefaction potential SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review ID CONE PENETRATION TEST; RESISTANCE; EARTHQUAKE; FAILURE; MODELS; SANDS AB This paper presents a complete methodology for both probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction triggering potential based on the cone penetration test (CPT). A comprehensive worldwide set of CPT-based liquefaction field case histories were compiled and back analyzed, and the data then used to develop probabilistic triggering correlations. Issues investigated in this study include improved normalization of CPT resistance measurements for the influence of effective overburden stress, and adjustment to CPT tip resistance for the potential influence of "thin" liquefiable layers. The effects of soil type and soil character (i.e., "fines" adjustment) for the new correlations are based on a combination of CPT tip and sleeve resistance. To quantify probability for performance-based engineering applications, Bayesian "regression" methods were used, and the uncertainties of all variables comprising both the seismic demand and the liquefaction resistance were estimated and included in the analysis. The resulting correlations were developed using a Bayesian framework and are presented in both probabilistic and deterministic formats. The results are compared to previous probabilistic and deterministic correlations. C1 Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Middle E Tech Univ, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. RP Moss, RES (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM rmoss@calpoly.edu RI Moss, Robb/N-7376-2014 NR 102 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 27 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 132 IS 8 BP 1032 EP 1051 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:8(1032) PG 20 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 064OJ UT WOS:000239098700007 ER PT J AU Hay, LE Clark, MP Pagowski, M Leavesley, GH Gutowski, WJ AF Hay, L. E. Clark, M. P. Pagowski, M. Leavesley, G. H. Gutowski, W. J., Jr. TI One-way coupling of an atmospheric and a hydrologic model in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL; RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; 3 MOUNTAINOUS BASINS; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; COMPLEX TERRAIN; RIVER-BASIN; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS AB This paper examines the accuracy of high-resolution nested mesoscale model simulations of surface climate. The nesting capabilities of the atmospheric fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University (PSU)-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) were used to create high-resolution, 5-yr climate simulations ( from 1 October 1994 through 30 September 1999), starting with a coarse nest of 20 km for the western United States. During this 5-yr period, two finer-resolution nests ( 5 and 1.7 km) were run over the Yampa River basin in northwestern Colorado. Raw and bias-corrected daily precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature time series from the three MM5 nests were used as input to the U. S. Geological Survey's distributed hydrologic model [ the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS)] and were compared with PRMS results using measured climate station data. The distributed capabilities of PRMS were provided by partitioning the Yampa River basin into hydrologic response units (HRUs). In addition to the classic polygon method of HRU definition, HRUs for PRMS were defined based on the three MM5 nests. This resulted in 16 datasets being tested using PRMS. The input datasets were derived using measured station data and raw and bias-corrected MM5 20-, 5-, and 1.7-km output distributed to 1) polygon HRUs and 2) 20-, 5-, and 1.7-km-gridded HRUs, respectively. Each dataset was calibrated independently, using a multiobjective, stepwise automated procedure. Final results showed a general increase in the accuracy of simulated runoff with an increase in HRU resolution. In all steps of the calibration procedure, the station-based simulations of runoff showed higher accuracy than the MM5-based simulations, although the accuracy of MM5 simulations was close to station data for the high-resolution nests. Further work is warranted in identifying the causes of the biases in MM5 local climate simulations and developing methods to remove them. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Sci & Technol Policy Res, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Cooperat Inst Res Atmospher, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA USA. RP Hay, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lhay@usgs.gov RI pagowski, mariusz/H-4498-2013; Clark, Martyn/A-5560-2015 OI pagowski, mariusz/0000-0002-7703-0529; Clark, Martyn/0000-0002-2186-2625 NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 7 IS 4 BP 569 EP 589 DI 10.1175/JHM512.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 086DO UT WOS:000240653900001 ER PT J AU Laidre, KL Jameson, RJ AF Laidre, Kristin L. Jameson, Ronald J. TI Foraging patterns and prey selection in an increasing and expanding sea otter population SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE fisheries conflicts; foraging patterns; kelp canopy; sea otter; Washington ID WASHINGTON-STATE; COMMUNITIES; GENERALITY; ECOLOGY; ALASKA AB Focal observations of sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) foraging patterns and prey selection were collected in coastal Washington between 1993 and 1999. Records consisted of 13,847 individual dives from 841 feeding bouts ranging from I min to > 4 h. Average dive time was 55 s +/- 0.9 SE and average surface time was 45 s +/- 2.3 SE, irrespective of dive success. At least 77% of all dives (n = 10,636) were successful prey captures (dives in low light or of undetermined success were excluded). Prey capture success was significantly lower for subadults (63% +/- 5 SE) than adults (82% +/- 1 SE; P < 0.001). Sea otters occupying the established population range on the outer coast of Washington fed heavily on bivalves (63%) and had a diverse diet consisting of several prey groups (n = 10). In contrast, sea otters occupying new habitat in the Strait of Juan de Fuca had a restricted diet dominated by > 60% red urchins (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus), with only 2 other prey species comprising > 10% of their diet. Prey size and prey category were dominant predictor variables in generalized linear models of dive duration and postdive surface duration on successful dives. Significant increases in areal extent of surface canopy of giant kelp (Macrocystis integrifolia) and bull kelp (Nereocystis leutkeana) were found both in the outer coast and the Strait of Juan de Fuca (0.4-0.5 km(2) per year, P < 0.05) and suggest increasing suitable habitat for a growing population. The growth and expansion of a small and isolated sea otter population provides a unique opportunity to examine the relationship between dietary diversity and population status and explore similarities and differences between trophic paradigms established for sea otter populations at other localities. C1 Danish Polar Ctr, Greenland Inst Nat Resources, DK-1401 Copenhagen K, Denmark. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. RP Laidre, KL (reprint author), Danish Polar Ctr, Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Strandgade 100H, DK-1401 Copenhagen K, Denmark. EM kl@dpc.dk NR 29 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 45 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 87 IS 4 BP 799 EP 807 DI 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-244R2.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 081FE UT WOS:000240301800019 ER PT J AU Jones, JW Neves, RJ Ahlstedt, SA Hallerman, EM AF Jones, Jess W. Neves, Richard J. Ahlstedt, Steven A. Hallerman, Eric M. TI A holistic approach to taxonomic evaluation of two closely related endangered freshwater mussel species, the oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis and tan riffleshell Epioblasma florentina walkeri (Bivalvia : Unionidae) SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; CONSERVATION GENETICS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; FINITE POPULATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; UNITED-STATES; FISH HOSTS; EVOLUTION; GENUS; MOLLUSCA AB Species in the genus Epioblasma have specialized life history requirements and represent the most endangered genus of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) in the world. A genetic characterization of extant populations of the oyster mussel E. capsaeformis and tan riffleshell E. florentina walkeri sensu late was conducted to assess taxonomic validity and to resolve conservation issues for recovery planning. These mussel species exhibit pronounced phenotypic variation, but were difficult to characterize phylogenetically using DNA sequences. Monophyletic lineages, congruent with phenotypic variation among species, were obtained only after extensive analysis of combined mitochondrial (1396 bp of 16S, cytochrome-b, and ND1) and nuclear (515 bp of ITS-1) DNA sequences. In contrast, analysis of variation at 10 hypervariable DNA microsatellite loci showed moderately to highly diverged populations based on F-ST and R-ST values, which ranged from 0.12 to 0.39 and 0.15 to 0.71, respectively. Quantitative variation between species was observed in fish-host specificity, with transformation success of glochidia of E. capsaeformis significantly greater (P < 0.05) on greensidc darter Etheostoma blennioides, and that of E.f. walkeri significantly greater (P < 0.05) on fantail darter Etheosloma flabellare. Lengths of glochidia differed significantly (P < 0.001) among species and populations, with mean sizes ranging from 241 to 272 mu m. The texture and colour of the mantle-pad of E. capsaeformis sensu stricto is smooth and bluish-white, whereas that of E. f. walkeri is pustuled and brown, with tan mottling. Based on extensive molecular, morphological and life history data, the population of E. capsaeformis from the Duck River, Tennessee, USA is proposed as a separate species, and the population of E.f. walkeri from Indian Creek, upper Clinch River, Virginia, USA is proposed as a distinct subspecies. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Geol Survey, Knoxville, TN 37921 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Jones, JW (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jess_jones@fws.gov NR 70 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 72 BP 267 EP 283 DI 10.1093/mollus/eyl004 PN 3 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 082VE UT WOS:000240414500006 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Runge, MC Johnson, FA Williams, BK AF Nichols, J. D. Runge, M. C. Johnson, F. A. Williams, B. K. TI Adaptive harvest management of North American waterfowl populations - recent successes and future prospects SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Florida, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Units, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM jim_nichols@usgs.gov RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313200088 ER PT J AU Warnock, N Bishop, MA Takekawa, J Williams, TD AF Warnock, N. Bishop, M. A. Takekawa, J. Williams, T. D. TI Connecting the spots - Influences on site use by migratory Pacific Flyway shorebirds SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PRBO, Wetlands Ecol Div, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM nwarnock@prbo.org; mbishop@pwssc.gen.ak.us; john_takekawa@usgs.gov; tdwillia@sfu.ca NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 53 EP 53 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313200176 ER PT J AU Cronin, T Kinloch, M Olsen, G AF Cronin, T. Kinloch, M. Olsen, G. TI Head-bobbing behavior in foraging whooping cranes SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Sci Biol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM cronin@umbc.edu; glenn_olsen@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 59 EP 59 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313200195 ER PT J AU White, J Helfenstein, F Danchin, E Hatch, SA Wagner, P AF White, J. Helfenstein, F. Danchin, E. Hatch, S. A. Wagner, R. H. TI Sperm age and reproductive performance in a strictly monogamous bird - an experimental study SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Paris 06, Lab Ecol, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Bern, Zool Inst, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. Austrian Acad Sci, Konrad Lorenz Inst, A-1160 Vienna, Austria. EM rwagner@klivv.oeaw.ac.at; fabrice.helfenstein@free.fr; rwagner@klivv.oeaw.at RI White, Joel/D-8482-2011; Danchin, Etienne/A-2299-2009; Helfenstein, Fabrice/I-5634-2013 OI Helfenstein, Fabrice/0000-0001-8412-0461 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 88 EP 88 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313200292 ER PT J AU Hazler, KR Cooper, RJ Twedt, DJ AF Hazler, K. R. Cooper, R. J. Twedt, D. J. TI Risky business: Site selection by Acadian Flycatchers under threat of nest predation and brood parasitism SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30606 USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM krhazler@uga.edu; rcooper@smokey.forestry.uga.edu; dan_twedt@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 102 EP 103 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313200339 ER PT J AU Kempenaers, B Lanctot, R Gill, V Hatch, S AF Kempenaers, B. Lanctot, R. Gill, V Hatch, S. TI Do females trade copulations for food? An experimental study in Black-legged Kittiwakes SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Behav Ecol & Evolutionary Genet, D-82305 Seewiesen, Germany. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM b.kempenaers@orn.mpg.de; richard_lanctot@fws.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 192 EP 193 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313201151 ER PT J AU Kirsch, E Heglund, P AF Kirsch, E. Heglund, P. TI Species composition of spring-migrant songbirds in upland and floodplain forests along the upper Mississippi River, USA SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USGS, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ekirsch@usgs.gov; pheglund@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 194 EP 194 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313201156 ER PT J AU Pietz, P Grant, T Madden, E Shaffer, T Buhl, D Murphy, R Kadrmas, N AF Pietz, P. Grant, T. Madden, E. Shaffer, T. Buhl, D. Murphy, R. Kadrmas, N. TI Factors affecting rates of predation and parasitism on nests of grassland passerines in North Dakota, USA SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. J Clark Salyer Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upham, ND 58789 USA. Med Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Medicine Lake, MT 59247 USA. Des Lacs Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenmare, ND USA. Charles M Russel Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. EM pam_pietz@usgs.gov; todd_grant@fws.gov; elizabeth_madden@fws.gov; terry_shaffer@usgs.gov; deb_buhl@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 229 EP 230 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313201282 ER PT J AU Winter, M Johnson, D Shaffer, J AF Winter, M. Johnson, D. Shaffer, J. TI Does sensitivity to patch size and landscape structure depend on body size? SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. US Geol Survey, University, MS USA. US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. EM mw267@cornell.edu; Douglas_H_Johnson@usgs.gov; jshaffer@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 147 IS 5 SU 1 BP 274 EP 274 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 081JF UT WOS:000240313201441 ER PT J AU Jones, JW Hallerman, EM Neves, RJ AF Jones, Jess W. Hallerman, Eric M. Neves, Richard J. TI Genetic management guidelines for captive propagation of freshwater mussels (Unionoidea) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; genetic guidelines; conservation units; artificial propagation; imperiled species ID CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; LIFE-HISTORY; BROODSTOCK MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION; PEARLYMUSSEL; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; BIOLOGY; OYSTER AB Although the greatest global diversity of freshwater mussels (-300 species) resides in the United States, the superfamily Unionoidea is also the most imperiled taxon of animals in the nation. Thirty-five species are considered extinct, 70 species are listed as endangered or threatened, and approximately 100 more are species of conservation concern. To prevent additional species losses, biologists have developed methods for propagating juvenile mussels for release into the wild to restore or augment populations. Since 1997, mussel propagation facilities in the United States have released over I million juveniles of more than a dozen imperiled species, and survival of these juveniles in the wild has been documented. With the expectation of continued growth of these programs, agencies and facilities involved with mussel propagation must seriously consider the genetic implications of releasing captive-reared progeny. We propose 10 guidelines to help maintain the genetic resources of cultured and wild populations. Preservation of genetic diversity will require robust genetic analysis of source populations to define conservation units for valid species, subspecies, and unique populations. Hatchery protocols must be implemented that minimize risks of artificial selection and other genetic hazards affecting adaptive traits of progeny subsequently released to the wild. We advocate a pragmatic, adaptive approach to species recovery that incorporates the principles of conservation genetics into breeding programs, and prioritizes the immediate demographic needs of critically endangered mussel species. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Jones, JW (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM Jess_Jones@fws.gov NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 527 EP 535 DI 10.2983/0730-8000(2006)25[527:GMGFCP]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 071OI UT WOS:000239611100018 ER PT J AU Hay, LE Leavesley, GH Clark, MP Markstrom, SL Viger, RJ Umemoto, M AF Hay, Lauren E. Leavesley, George H. Clark, Martyn P. Markstrom, Steue L. Viger, Roland J. Umemoto, Makiko TI Step wise, multiple objective calibration of a hydrologic model for a snowmelt dominated basin SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Precipitation Runoff Modeling System; Shuffled Complex Evolution; Colorado; optimization; solar radiation; potential evapotranspiration; water balance; runoff ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; UNITED-STATES; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; VALIDATION AB The ability to apply a hydrologic model to large numbers of basins for forecasting purposes requires a quick and effective calibration strategy. This paper presents a step wise, multiple objective, automated procedure for hydrologic model calibration. This procedure includes the sequential calibration of a model's simulation of solar radiation (SR), potential evapotranspiration (PET), water balance, and daily runoff. The procedure uses the Shuffled Complex Evolution global search algorithm to calibrate the U.S. Geological Survey's Precipitation Runoff Modeling System in the Yampa River basin of Colorado. This process assures that intermediate states of the model (SR and PET on a monthly mean basis), as well as the water balance and components of the daily hydrograph are simulated consistently with measured values. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hay, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 412, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM lhay@usgs.gov RI Clark, Martyn/A-5560-2015; OI Clark, Martyn/0000-0002-2186-2625; Viger, Roland/0000-0003-2520-714X NR 39 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 42 IS 4 BP 877 EP 890 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04501.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 086AC UT WOS:000240644500005 ER PT J AU Calvert, AT Moore, RB McGeehin, JP da Silva, AMR AF Calvert, Andrew T. Moore, Richard B. McGeehin, John P. Rodrigues da Silva, Antonio M. TI Volcanic history and Ar-40/Ar-39 and C-14 geochronology of Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Azores; geochronology; volcanic history ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; MANTLE; GEOCHEMISTRY; PATTERN AB Seven new Ar-40/Ar-39 and 23 new radiocarbon ages of eruptive units, in support of new geologic mapping, improve the known chronology of Middle to Late Pleistocene and Holocene volcanic activity on the island of Terceira, Azores and define an east-to-west progression in stratovolcano growth. The argon ages indicate that Cinco Picos Volcano, the oldest on Terceira, completed its main subaerial cone building activity by about 370-380 ka. Collapse of the upper part of the stratovolcanic edifice to form a 7 x 9 km caldera occurred some time after 370 ka. Postcaldera eruptions of basalt from cinder cones on and near the caldera floor and trachytic pyroclastic flow and pumice fall deposits from younger volcanoes west of Cinco Picos have refilled much of the caldera. The southern portion of Guilherme Moniz Volcano, in the central part of the island, began erupting prior to 270 ka and produced trachyte domes, flows, and minor pyroclastic deposits until at least 111 ka. The northern part of Guilherme Moniz Caldera is less well exposed than the southern part, but reflects a similar age range. The northwest portion of the caldera was formed sometime after 44 ka. Several well-studied ignimbrites that blanket much of the island likely erupted from Guilherme Moniz Volcano. The Pico Alto Volcanic Center, a tightly spaced cluster of trachyte domes and short flows, is a younger part of Guilherme Moniz Volcano. Stratigraphic studies and our new radiocarbon ages suggest that most of the Pico Alto eruptions occurred during the period from about 9000 to 1000 years BP. Santa Barbara Volcano is the youngest stratovolcano on Terceira, began erupting prior to 29 ka, and has been active historically. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Inst Geol & Mineiro, NPEP, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Calvert, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM acalvert@usgs.gov RI LNEG, Producao Cientifica/D-2212-2012 NR 21 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 156 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.03.016 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 071ZW UT WOS:000239643400009 ER PT J AU Zimpfer, NL Conroy, MJ AF Zimpfer, Nathan L. Conroy, Michael J. TI Models of production rates in American black duck populations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE age ratios; American black ducks; Anas platyrhynchos; Anas rubripes; likelihood; mallards; models; population dynamics; production ID INCREASING MALLARDS; HABITAT USE; RECOVERY AB Understanding the relationship between the annual reproductive success and changes in environment is important for appropriate waterfowl management. We developed predictive models of American black duck (Anas rubripes) production rates as a function of biotic (black duck and mallard [A. platyrhynchos] abundance) and abiotic factors (spring precipitation and temperature) across predefined breeding areas, from 1990 to 2001. We used male age ratios in the fall population, estimated from wing samples of harvested black ducks corrected for differential vulnerability via band-recoveries, as the index to annual reproduction. Information criteria suggested that a model containing predictors for density-dependence, competition with mallards, spring precipitation, and temperature and stratum-specific coefficients was the best model of black duck production rates. However, coefficients of this model were highly imprecise, leading to relatively poorpredictive ability, possibly due to multicollinearity among predictors and the relatively short time span of analysis. We fit several models that included only black duck and mallard abundance as predictors; of these, models with constant slopes and stratum-specific intercepts performed best. Model-averaged parameter estimates supported inverse relationships between black duck and mallard abundance and age ratios, with stronger relative effects for black duck density-dependence. Both effects have implications for adaptive harvest management, in that harvest potential for black ducks may differ greatly depending on combinations of number of each species and the relative belief in alternative hypotheses about the impacts of mallards. Much variability in age ratios remained unexplained by our models, some possibly due to the lack of habitat explanatory variables but also apparently due to random factors. Model improvement could be achieved by incorporating recent developments in the modeling of random effects, especially via Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. More research is also needed to incorporate recently acquired habitat predictors into predictive modeling for black ducks and other ducks breeding in eastern North America. These results provide critical input for models of adaptive harvest management, currently under consideration as an approach for developing an international (Canada-U. S.) harvest strategy for black ducks. C1 Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30607 USA. RP Zimpfer, NL (reprint author), New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Nacote Creek Res Stn, Pt Republ, NJ 08241 USA. EM mconroy@uga.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 947 EP 954 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[947:MOPRIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 184PK UT WOS:000247653800007 ER PT J AU Fondell, TF Grand, JB Miller, DA Anthony, RM AF Fondell, Thomas F. Grand, James B. Miller, David A. Anthony, R. Michael TI Renesting by dusky Canada geese on the Copper River Delta, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Branta canadensis occidentalis; breeding ground survey; continuation nest; dusky Canada goose; female success; individual-based model; nest success; renest ID BRANTA-CANADENSIS-OCCIDENTALIS; SNOW GEESE; NEST SURVIVAL; CLUTCH-SIZE; REPRODUCTION; MALLARDS; SUCCESS; PHENOLOGY; GROWTH AB The population of dusky Canada geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis; hereafter duskies) breeding on the Copper River Delta (CRD), Alaska, USA, has been in long-term decline, largely as a result of reduced productivity, Estimates of renesting rates by duskies may be useful for adjusting estimates of the size of the breeding population derived from aerial surveys and for understanding population dynamics. We used a marked population of dusky females to obtain estimates of renesting propensity and renesting interval on the CPD, 1999-2000. Continuation nests, replacement nests initiated without a break in the laying sequence, resulted only after first nests were destroyed in the laying stage with 4 eggs laid. Renesting propensity declined with nest age from 72% in mid-laying to 30% in early incubation. Between first nests and renests, mean interval was 11.9 +/- 0.6 days, mean distance was 74.5 m (range 0-214 m), and clutch size declined 0.9 +/- 0.4 eggs. We incorporated our renesting estimates and available estimates of other nesting parameters into an individual-based model to predict the proportion of first nests, continuation nests, and renests, and to examine female success on the CRD, 1997-2000. Our model predicted that 19-36% of nests each year were continuation nests and renests. Also, through 15 May (the approx. date of breeding ground surveys), 1.1-1.3 nests were initiated per female. Thus, the number of nests per female would have a significant, though relatively consistent, effect on adjusting the relation between numbers of nests found on ground surveys versus numbers of birds seen during aerial surveys. We also suggest a method that managers could use to predict nests per female using nest success of early nests. Our model predicted that relative to observed estimates of nest success, female success was 32-100% greater, due to replacement nests. Thus, although nest success remains low, production for duskies was higher than previously thought. For dusky Canada geese, managers need to consider both continuation nests and renests in designing surveys and in calculating adjustment factors for the expansion of aerial survey data using nest densities. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Fondell, TF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM tom_fondell@usgs.gov RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012 NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 955 EP 964 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[955:RBDCGO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 184PK UT WOS:000247653800008 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Takekawa, JY Orthmeyer, DL Fleskes, JP Yee, JL Kruse, KL AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Takekawa, John Y. Orthmeyer, Dennis L. Fleskes, Joseph P. Yee, Julie L. Kruse, Kammie L. TI Spatial use by wintering greater white-fronted geese relative to a decade of habitat change in California's Central Valley SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agriculture; Anser albifrons; California; Central Valley Joint Venture; flooded rice; greater white-fronted geese; habitat use; landscape change; radiotelemetry; wetland management ID SNOW GEESE; RICE FIELDS; NUTRIENT RESERVES; SACRAMENTO VALLEY; HARVESTED FIELDS; WATERFOWL; BEHAVIOR; REPRODUCTION; WATERBIRDS; TEXAS AB We investigated the effect of recent habitat changes in California's Central Valley on wintering Pacific greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) by comparing roost-to-feed distances, distributions, population range sizes, and habitat use during 1987-1990 and 19982000. These habitat changes included wetland restoration and agricultural land enhancement due to the 1990 implementation of the Central Valley Joint Venture, increased land area used for rice (Oryza sativa) production, and the practice of flooding, rather than burning, rice straw residues for decomposition because of buring restrictions enacted in 1991. Using radiotelemetry, we tracked 192 female geese and recorded 4,516 locations. Geese traveled shorter distances between roosting and feeding sites during 1998-2000 (24.2 +/- 2.2 km) than during 1987-1990 (32.5 +/- 3.4 km); distance traveled tended to decline throughout winter during both decades and varied among watershed basins. Population range size was smaller during 1998-2000 (3,367 km(2)) than during 1987-1990 (5,145 km(2)), despite a 2.2-fold increase in the size of the Pacific Flyway population of white-fronted geese during the same time period. The population range size also tended to increase throughout winter during both decades. Feeding and roosting distributions of geese also differed between decades; geese shifted into basins that had the greatest increases in the amount of area in rice production (i.e., American Basin) and out of other basins (i.e., Delta Basin). The use of rice habitat for roosting (1987-1990:40%, 1998-2000: 54%.) and feeding (1987-1990:57%, 1998-2000: 72%) increased between decades, whereas use of wetlands declined for roosting (1987-1990:36%, 1998-2000:31%) and feeding (1987-1990:22%, 1998-2000:12%). Within postharvested rice habitats, geese roosted and fed primarily in burned rice fields during 1987-1990 (roost: 43%, feed: 34%), whereas they used flooded rice fields during 1998-2000 (roost: 78%, feed: 64%). Our results suggest that white-fronted geese have altered their spatial use of California's Central Valley during the past decade in response to changing agricultural practices and the implementation of the Central Valley Joint Venture. C1 Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 30 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 965 EP 976 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[965:SUBWGW]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 184PK UT WOS:000247653800009 ER PT J AU Toschik, PC Christman, MC Rattner, BA Ottinger, MA AF Toschik, Pamela C. Christman, Mary C. Rattner, Barnett A. Ottinger, Mary Ann TI Evaluation of osprey habitat suitability and interaction with contaminant exposure SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Delaware Bay; Delaware River; habitat; hatching success; land use; nest density; organochlorine contaminants; osprey; Pandion haliaetus; water clarity; water depth ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RESOURCE SELECTION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES; DELAWARE RIVER; UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS; MODELS; USA AB Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) have been the focus of conservation efforts since their dramatic population decline attributed to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and related chemicals in the 1960s. Several recent studies of ospreys nesting in the United States have indicated improved reproduction. However, the density of breeding ospreys varies greatly among locations, with some areas seemingly habitable but not occupied. Because of concerns about pollution in the highly industrialized portions of the Delaware River and Bay, USA, we evaluated contaminant exposure and productivity in ospreys nesting on the Delaware River and Bay in 2002. We characterized habitat in the coastal zone of Delaware, USA, and the area around the river in Pennsylvania, USA, using data we collected as well as extant information provided by state and federal sources. We characterized habitat based on locations of occupied osprey nests in Delaware and Pennsylvania. We evaluated water clarity, water depth, land use and land cover, nest availability, and contaminants in sediment for use in a nest-occupancy model. Our results demonstrated that the presence of occupied nests was associated with water depth, water clarity, distance to an occupied osprey nest, and presence of urban land use, whereas a companion study demonstrated that hatching success was associated with the principal components derived from organochlorine-contaminant concentrations in osprey eggs (total polychlorinated biphenyls, p,p '-dichlorodiphenylethylene, chlordane and metabolites, and heptachlor epoxide). Our study provides guidelines for resource managers and local conservation organizations in management of ospreys and in development of habitat models that are appropriate for other piscivorous and marsh-nesting birds. C1 Univ Maryland, Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Toschik, PC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Bamett_Rattner@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 977 EP 988 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[977:EOOHSA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 184PK UT WOS:000247653800010 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, C Conway, CJ Jones, PB AF Kirkpatrick, Chris Conway, Courtney J. Jones, Patricia B. TI Distribution and relative abundance of forest birds in relation to burn severity in southeastern Arizona SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arizona; birds; burn severity; forest fire; fire suppression; J. T Marshall Jr. ID POPULATIONS; PINE AB The frequency of wild and prescribed fires in montane forests of the southwestern United States has increased after a century of fire suppression and subsequent fuels accumulation. To assess the effects of recent fires (median time since fire = 6 yr) on the montane forest bird community, we surveyed birds in 8 Sky Island mountain ranges in southeastern Arizona, USA, and examined how the distribution (i.e., presence-absence) of 65 species and relative abundance of 16 species correlated with evidence of severe and less severe fire at > 1,500 survey points. We detected associations between fire and bird presence-absence for 17% of the 65 species analyzed and between fire and bird relative abundance for 25% of the 16 species analyzed. Most species (73%) were positively associated with burned areas and displayed stronger associations (i.e., more extreme odds ratios) with survey points that had evidence of severe as opposed to less severe fire. Positive associations with severe fire were strong (> 3 to 1 odds) for western wood-pewee (Contopus sordidulus) and house wren (Troglodytes aedon), and negative associations with severe fire were strong for warbling vireo (Vireo gilvus) and red-breasted nuthatch (Sitta canadensis). Although recent fires appear to have had a positive effect on the distribution and relative abundance of several montane forest bird species in the region, these species are not the open-woodland birds that we would have expected to have benefited from fire based on previous research. Nevertheless, our results confirm associations between fire and bird presence-absence and relative abundance reported previously for 7 species of birds. Our results also provide new information for Grace's warbler Dendroica graciae) and greater pewee (C. pertinax), 2 species for which fire data were formerly lacking. Managers can use these data to make and test predictions about the effects of future fires, both severe and less severe, on montane forest birds in the southwestern United States. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Comp & Informat Technol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, C (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM kirkpatr@email.arizona.edu NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1005 EP 1012 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1005:DARAOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 184PK UT WOS:000247653800013 ER PT J AU Chavez, AS Giese, EM AF Chavez, Andreas S. Giese, Eric M. TI Landscape use and movements of wolves in relation to livestock in a wildland-agriculture matrix SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; depredations; livestock; Minnesota; movements; risk; wolves ID NORTHWESTERN MINNESOTA; STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES; RESOURCE SELECTION; GRAY WOLVES; HOME-RANGE; MOOSE; DEPREDATIONS AB Wolves (Canis lupus) have expanded their distribution into areas of the midwest United States that have not had wolves for several decades. With recolonization of wolves into agricultural areas, there is increasing concern of wolf-livestock conflicts. To assess the risk wolves may pose to livestock, we initiated a 3-year study investigating the activity patterns, movements, habitat use, visitation to livestock pastures by wolves, and the occurrence of depredation events in an agricultural-wildland matrix in northwestern Minnesota, USA. From June 1997 to November 1999, we captured 23 wolves, including pups, from 3 packs; we radiocollared 16 of these wolves. We tracked radioed wolves intensively on a 24-hour basis during the spring, summer, and autumn of 1998 and 1999. We found wolves passed directly through a pasture containing cattle on 28% of the nights of tracking; 58% and 95% of the wolf locations were <= 1 km and <= 5 km from a pasture, respectively. Space use of wolves showed that while they visited livestock pastures during the 24-hour tracking sessions, they apparently were passing through these pastures with cattle and not preying on livestock. When compared to random simulations of movements, wolves appeared to encounter livestock pastures randomly. Thirty percent of random movements passed directly through a pasture; 65% and 95% of random movements were within < 1 km and < 5 km of a pasture, respectively. Wolves were more active at night than during the day. Wolves avoided pastures during the day and visited pastures at night when depredations were most likely (i.e., human presence was low). Visitation of livestock pastures was not related to any discernible characteristics of the pastures (i.e., pasture size, cattle density, distance to human habitation, percent forest cover, index of deer abundance). However, pastures in which livestock were killed by wolves contained more cattle than pastures without depredations, but in 1998 only. While the risk of wolf predation on livestock was potentially high (wolves were within <= 1 km of a pasture on 58% of nights), few livestock were actually killed. During the 3-year study, only 8 animals (all young or vulnerable livestock) were depredated by wolves. Maintaining healthy wild prey populations, removing offending wolves that kill livestock, and encouraging effective and proper husbandry practices (e.g., disposal of carcasses) among livestock producers, should allow for the persistence of wolves in northwestern Minnesota, USA, while minimizing their impact to farmers in this agricudure-wildland matrix. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, USDA, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Chavez, AS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. EM egese@cc.usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 45 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 13 U2 70 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1079 EP 1086 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1079:LUAMOW]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 184PK UT WOS:000247653800022 ER PT J AU Clark, JD Eastridge, R AF Clark, Joseph D. Eastridge, Rick TI Growth and sustainability of black bears at White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; black bear; population growth; Pradel model; Ursus americanus; White River ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; MARK-RECAPTURE; POPULATION-GROWTH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SURVIVAL; RECRUITMENT; MORTALITY; LAMBDA AB The black bear (Ursus americanus) population at White River National Wildlife Refuge is isolated and genetically distinct, but hunting occurs adjacent to refuge boundaries and females with cubs are removed annually for a reintroduction project. We trapped and radiotracked bears to determine level of exploitation and compare methods for estimating population growth and sustainability. We captured 260 bears (113 M: 14 7 F), 414 times, from 1998 through 2003. Survival estimates based on radiotracking and mark-recapture indicated that hunting and translocations were significant sources of loss. Based on mark-recapture data (Pradel estimator), the annual population growth rate (;,) averaged 1.066 (SE 0.077) when translocation removals occurred and averaged 0.961 (SE = 0.155) when both harvest and translocations occurred. Estimates of lambda based on a population simulation model (program RISKMAN) averaged 1.061 (SD = 0.104) and 1.100 (SD = 0.111) when no removals occurred, 1.003 (SD = 0.097) and 1.046 (SD = 0.102) when translocations occurred, and 0.973 (SD = 0.096) and 1.006 (SD = 0.099) when both harvest and translocations occurred, depending on the survival rate estimates we used. The probability of population decline by > 25% over a 10-year period ranged from 13.8 to 68.8%, given our estimated removal rates. We conclude that hunting and translocation losses are at or exceed the maximum the population is capable of sustaining. Although extinction risks of this important bear population are low over the near term, it should continue to be closely monitored by state and federal agencies. The mark-recapture method we used to estimate lambda proved to be a reliable alternative to more costly population modeling methods. C1 Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Little Rock, AR 72201 USA. RP Clark, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jclark1@utk.edu NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1094 EP 1101 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1094:GASOBB]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 184PK UT WOS:000247653800024 ER PT J AU Sherfy, MH Mollett, TA McGowan, KR Daugherty, SL AF Sherfy, Mark H. Mollett, Theodore A. McGowan, Karrie R. Daugherty, Sherry L. TI A reexamination of age-related variation in body weight and morphometry of Maryland nutria SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE age prediction; body weight; eye lens; Gompertz equation; growth model; morphometry; Myocastor coypus; nutria ID EYE-LENS WEIGHT; COYPUS MYOCASTOR-COYPUS; POPULATION; GROWTH; CURVE; VALIDATION; MODELS AB Age-related variation in morphometry has been documented for many species. Knowledge of growth patterns can be useful for modeling energetics, detecting physiological influences on populations, and predicting age. These benefits have shown value in understanding population dynamics of invasive species, particularly in developing efficient control and eradication programs. However, development and evaluation of descriptive and predictive models is a critical initial step in this process. Accordingly, we used data from necropsies of 1,544 nutria (Myocastor coypus) collected in Maryland, USA, to evaluate the accuracy of previously published models for prediction of nutria age from body weight. Published models underestimated body weights of our animals, especially for ages < 3. We used cross-validation procedures to develop and evaluate models for describing nutria growth patterns and for predicting nutria age. We derived models from a randomly selected model-building data set (n = 192-193 M, 217-222 F) and evaluated them with the remaining animals (n = 487-488 M, 642-647 F). We used nonlinear regression to develop Gompertz growth-curve models relating morphometric variables to age. Predicted values of morphometric variables fell within the 95% confidence limits of their true values for most age classes. We also developed predictive models for estimating nutria age from morphometry, using linear regression of log-transformed age on morphometric variables. The evaluation data set corresponded with 95% prediction intervals from the new models. Predictive models for body weight and length provided greater accuracy and less bias than models for foot length and axillaty girth. Our growth models accurately described age-related variation in nutria morphometry, and our predictive models provided accurate estimates of ages from morphometry that will be useful for live-captured individuals. Our models offer better accuracy and precision than previously published models, providing a capacity for modeling energetics and growth patterns of Maryland nutria as well as an empirical basis for determining population age structure from live-captured animals. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, US Geol Survey, Maryland Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Sherfy, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM msherfy@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1132 EP 1141 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1132:AROAVI]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 184PK UT WOS:000247653800029 ER PT J AU Hedwall, SJ Chambers, CL Rosenstock, SS AF Hedwall, Shaula J. Chambers, Carol L. Rosenstock, Steven S. TI Red squirrel use of dwarf mistletoe-induced witches' brooms in Douglas-fir SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arceuthobium douglasli; Arizona; Douglas-fir; dwarf mistletoe; New Mexico; Pseudotsuga menziesii; red squirrels; southwest; tamiasciurus hudsonicus; witches' brooms ID TAMIASCIURUS-HUDSONICUS; MOUNTAINS; FOREST; SOUTHWEST; ARIZONA; HABITAT; GROWTH; NESTS AB Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium douglasii) is a prevalent species in southwestern mixed-conifer forests, affecting host trees by reducing growth and seed production and increasing mortality. Dwarf mistletoe infections can also form witches' brooms, which are profusely branched, dense masses of distorted host branches in the crowns of infected trees. Despite their impact on trees, brooms provide nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for many wildlife species. To determine whether red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) selected brooms for nesting, foraging, or caching sites, we compared use of brooms in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in mixed-conifer forests in northern Arizona and New Mexico, USA, in 1998 and 1999. Douglas-fir brooms are classified into 3 distinct forms based on structure and point of origin on the tree. Type I brooms form from an infection near the terminal end of a branch. Type II brooms form from an infection <= 1 m from the tree trunk (bole); the supporting branch usually grows vertically from the point of infection, parallel to the bole. Type III brooms result from an infection on the bole, creating a dense profusion of branches and often forming a platform. We selected trees of 3 size classes (10-25-, 26-40-, > 40-cm dbh) from stands and examined them for signs of red squirrel use (e.g., nesting, food storage). Red squirrels selected Type II and III brooms located closer to the bole and with larger platform size for nesting. They selected Type II and III over Type I brooms for caching and foraging use. Retaining Type II and III brooms that have platforms > 700 cm(2) volumes > 15 m(2) and are located 4.5-10 m above ground will retain this habitat element for red squirrels. C1 No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. RP Hedwall, SJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM Carol.Chambers@nau.edu NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1142 EP 1147 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1142:RSUODM]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 184PK UT WOS:000247653800030 ER PT J AU Lewis, SB Titus, K Fuller, MR AF Lewis, Stephen B. Titus, Kimberly Fuller, Mark R. TI Northern goshawk diet during the nesting season in southeast Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Accipiter gentilis; breeding season; diet; food habits; northern goshawk; pellets; prey remains; remote videography; southeast Alaska; video camera ID TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; ACCIPITER-GENTILIS; BREEDING-SEASON; COEXISTING ACCIPITER; INTERIOR ALASKA; PREY SELECTION; NICHE OVERLAP; RED SQUIRRELS; FOOD; HABITAT C1 Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83825 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Lewis, SB (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Douglas, AK 99811 USA. EM steve_lewis@fishgame.state.ak.us NR 74 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1151 EP 1160 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1151:NGDDTN]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 184PK UT WOS:000247653800032 ER PT J AU DeStefano, S Koenen, KKG Henner, CM Strules, J AF DeStefano, S. Koenen, K. K. G. Henner, C. M. Strules, J. TI Transition to independence by subadult beavers (Castor canadensis) in an unexploited, exponentially growing population SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Wildlife Management Congress CY DEC, 2003 CL CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND DE dispersal; habitat; overabundant populations; reintroductions; unexploited populations ID DISPERSING KANGAROO RATS; HOME-RANGE SIZE; SURVIVAL; MOVEMENTS; MORTALITY; PARAMETERS; SETTLEMENT; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; ILLINOIS AB We conducted a 4-year study of beavers Castor canadensis to compare the movements, survival and habitat of adults established in existing colonies to juveniles dispersing to new sites in a region with high beaver densities along a suburban-rural gradient. Estimates of annual survival were high for adult and juvenile beavers. Of nine known mortalities, seven (78%) were juveniles. Mortalities occurred during spring-summer, and none during fall-winter. There was a trend toward higher-to-lower survival along the suburban-rural gradient, respectively. Human-induced mortality (e.g. trapping and shooting) was higher in rural areas, whereas nonhuman-induced mortality (e.g. disease, accidents) was higher in suburban areas. Fifteen (14 subadults and one adult) beavers moved from natal colonies to other areas. The average dispersal distance for subadults was 4.5 km (SE=1.0) along streams or rivers, or 3.5 km (SE=0.7) straight-line point-to-point. Most dispersal movements were made in spring (April-June). In two cases, individual subadults made return movements from their dispersal sites back to their natal colonies. Dispersal sites tended to be in smaller, shallower wetlands or streams and in areas with higher overstorey canopy closure compared with natal colonies. Woody vegetation usually preferred by beavers for food tended to be less common at dispersal sites than at natal colonies. In regions with high densities of beaver, dispersing juveniles are likely to attempt to colonize lower quality sites. High densities of beavers also lead to more human-beaver conflicts and, in Massachusetts, the pest control management options in place during the past decade have been ineffectual at controlling population levels. Alternately, in regions with no beavers or very low densities and where reintroductions are being attempted, the landscape matrix surrounding release sites should include suitable sites for dispersing young to establish colonies. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Holdsworth NRC, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Westborough, MA USA. RP DeStefano, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Holdsworth NRC, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM sdestef@forwild.umass.edu NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 269 IS 4 BP 434 EP 441 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00160.x PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 063HP UT WOS:000239009600005 ER PT J AU Dalerum, F Creel, S Hall, SB AF Dalerum, F. Creel, S. Hall, S. B. TI Behavioral and endocrine correlates of reproductive failure in social aggregations of captive wolverines (Gulo gulo) SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE social stress; reproductive success; sociobiology; carnivore; endocrinology ID SCENT MARKING; STRESS; SUPPRESSION; PREGNANCY; MAMMALS; RANK; INFANTICIDE; MECHANISMS; DOMINANCE; PATTERNS AB Sociality in mammals is often viewed as a dichotomy, with sociality contrasted against solitariness. However, variation within these broad categories may have strong effects on individual fitness. For example, reproductive suppression of social subordinates is generally associated with group living, but suppression may also occur in solitary species if the behavioral and physiological processes involved can be modulated by the demographic environment. To investigate whether behavioral and physiological traits that normally are associated with group living might be latent even in a solitary species, we explored the level of sociality and investigated causes and mechanisms of reproductive failure in female wolverines Gulo gulo that experienced a highly aggregated social environment in captivity. Behaviorally, females showed low levels of aggression and intermediate levels of social interactions. Reproductive failure seemed to have been related to low social rank and to have occurred between ovulation and implantation in 13 out of 15 breeding attempts. However, three of eight females observed to mate produced offspring, indicating that no individual female fully managed to monopolize breeding. Reproductive failure was not related to elevated levels of glucocorticoid stress hormones. Rather, elevated glucocorticoid levels during the mating season were associated with successful reproduction. We suggest that social tendencies and physiological mechanisms mediating reproductive suppression may be viewed as reaction norms to the social environment. We further suggest that the social flexibility of solitary carnivores might be greater than is commonly observed, due to ecological constraints that may limit aggregation. C1 Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Recovery, Endangered Species Div, Portland, OR USA. RP Dalerum, F (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM fredrik.dalerum@zoologi.su.se OI Dalerum, Fredrik/0000-0001-9737-8242 NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 269 IS 4 BP 527 EP 536 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00116.x PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 063HP UT WOS:000239009600016 ER PT J AU Neville, HM Dunham, JB Peacock, MM AF Neville, Helen M. Dunham, Jason B. Peacock, Mary M. TI Landscape attributes and life history variability shape genetic structure of trout populations in a stream network SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bottlenecks; connectivity; cutthroat trout; dispersal; effective population size; founder effects; habitat structure; landscape genetics; metapopulation; Oncorhynchus clarkii ID LAHONTAN CUTTHROAT TROUT; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; TRUTTA L. POPULATIONS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; COALESCENT APPROACH; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; MIGRATION AB Spatial and temporal landscape patterns have long been recognized to influence biological processes, but these processes often operate at scales that are difficult to study by conventional means. Inferences from genetic markers can overcome some of these limitations. We used a landscape genetics approach to test hypotheses concerning landscape processes influencing the demography of Lahontan cutthroat trout in a complex stream network in the Great Basin desert of the western US. Predictions were tested with population- and individual-based analyses of microsatellite DNA variation, reflecting patterns of dispersal, population stability, and local effective population sizes. Complementary genetic inferences suggested samples from migratory corridors housed a mixture of fish from tributaries, as predicted based on assumed migratory life histories in those habitats. Also as predicted, populations presumed to have greater proportions of migratory fish or from physically connected, large, or high quality habitats had higher genetic variability and reduced genetic differentiation from other populations. Populations thought to contain largely non-migratory individuals generally showed the opposite pattern, suggesting behavioral isolation. Estimated effective sizes were small, and we identified significant and severe genetic bottlenecks in several populations that were isolated, recently founded, or that inhabit streams that desiccate frequently. Overall, this work suggested that Lahontan cutthroat trout populations in stream networks are affected by a combination of landscape and metapopulation processes. Results also demonstrated that genetic patterns can reveal unexpected processes, even within a system that is well studied from a conventional ecological perspective. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. USGS FRESC Corvallis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Neville, HM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM hneville@unr.nevada.edu NR 82 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 4 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 901 EP 916 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-5221-4 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 069YA UT WOS:000239484200010 ER PT J AU Grossman, JN MacPherson, GJ Vicenzi, EP Alexander, CMO AF Grossman, J. N. MacPherson, G. J. Vicenzi, E. P. Alexander, C. M. O'D. TI A spectacular compound chondrule-CAI in Northwest Africa 2918, a new CO3.1 chondrite SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe ID INCLUSIONS C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM jgrossman@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A69 EP A69 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300118 ER PT J AU Kimura, M Weisberg, MK Grossman, JN AF Kimura, M. Weisberg, M. K. Grossman, J. N. TI Fe-Ni metal and sulfides in Acfer 094: Thermal history of the most primitive chondrite SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe ID CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE C1 CUNY, Kingsborough Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. Ibaraki Univ, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM makotoki@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A96 EP A96 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300172 ER PT J AU Koeberl, C Gohn, GS Reimold, WU Miller, KG AF Koeberl, C. Gohn, G. S. Reimold, W. U. Miller, K. G. TI The 2005 ICDP-USGS deep corehole in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe C1 Univ Vienna, Dept Geol Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Humboldt Univ Mineral, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM christian.koeberl@univie.ac.at NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A98 EP A98 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300176 ER PT J AU Kring, DA Horton, JW Cannon, WF AF Kring, D. A. Horton, J. W., Jr. Cannon, W. F. TI Discovery of the Sudbury impact layer in Michigan, USA SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM kring@lpl.arizona.edu NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A100 EP A100 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300181 ER PT J AU Zolensky, M Bland, P Bradley, J Brearley, A Brennan, S Bridges, J Brownlee, D Buttervorth, A Dai, ZR Ebel, D Genge, M Gounelle, M Graham, G Grossman, J Grossman, L Harvey, R Ishii, H Kearsley, A Keller, L Krot, A Langenhorst, F Lanzirotti, A Leroux, H Matrajt, G Messenger, K Mikouchi, T Nakamura, T Ohsumi, K Okudaira, K Perronnet, M Rietmeijer, F Simon, S Stephan, T Stroud, R Taheri, M Tomeoka, K Toppani, A Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Velbel, M Weber, I Weisberg, M Westphal, A Yano, H Zega, T AF Zolensky, Michael Bland, Phil Bradley, John Brearley, Adrian Brennan, Sean Bridges, John Brownlee, Donald Buttervorth, Arma Dai, Zurong Ebel, Denton Genge, Matt Gounelle, Matthieu Graham, Giles Grossman, Jeff Grossman, Lawrence Harvey, Ralph Ishii, Hope Kearsley, Anton Keller, Lindsay Krot, Alexander Langenhorst, Falko Lanzirotti, Antonio Leroux, Hugues Matrajt, Graciela Messenger, Keiko Mikouchi, Takashi Nakamura, Tomoki Ohsumi, Kazumasa Okudaira, Kyoko Perronnet, Murielle Rietmeijer, Frans Simon, Steven Stephan, Thomas Stroud, Rhonda Taheri, Mitra Tomeoka, Kazu Toppani, Alice Tsou, Peter Tsuchiyama, Akira Velbel, Michael Weber, Iris Weisberg, Mike Westphal, Andrew Yano, Hajime Zega, Thomas CA Stardust Mineralogy Petrology TI Mineralogy and petrology of Comet Wild-2 nucleus samples - Final results of the preliminary examination team SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Meteorit Soc, ETH Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Nat Sci, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Meteorite Magazine, Planetary Studies Fdn, Jungfrau Railway Top Europe C1 NASA, JSC, Greenbelt, MD USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Lille, France. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Univ Munster, D-4400 Munster, Germany. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. Osaka Univ, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM michael.e.zolensky@nasa.gov RI Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Taheri, Mitra/F-1321-2011; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 8 SU S BP A167 EP A167 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065PR UT WOS:000239172300314 ER PT J AU Bateman, DS Gresswell, RE AF Bateman, Douglas S. Gresswell, Robert E. TI Survival and growth of age-0 steelhead after surgical implantation of 23-mm passive integrated transponders SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TAGS AB Little information is available on the effects of implanting 23-mm passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in salmonids less than 90 mm fork length (FL). Using juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (range, 73-97 mm FL), we compared instantaneous growth rates and survival among three experimental groups: control, surgery with no tag, and surgery with tag. Survival rate was lower for tagged fish (86%) than for control and surgery-no tag fish (virtually 100% in each group). Approximately 90% of the mortalities occurred during days 1-3. Growth rate for the tagged group was lower for the first two 10-d measurement intervals; however, during the third 10-d interval, growth rates for tagged fish equaled or exceeded values for the other groups. These results suggest that tagged fish recovered by day 20. Growth rates for the control and surgery-no tag groups did not differ from one another during any measurement interval. Tag retention rate was 97% over the 30-d period of the study. It appears that the combination of fish length and tag size in this study resulted in short-term negative effects on growth rate and survival; however, 23-mm PIT tags may still be useful for studies of salmonids 80-90 mm FL when survival is not the parameter of interest. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bateman, DS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM doug_bateman@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 545 EP 550 DI 10.1577/MO5-111.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 087PI UT WOS:000240753900005 ER PT J AU Tyson, JT Johnson, TB Knight, CT Bur, MT AF Tyson, Jeffrey T. Johnson, Timothy B. Knight, Carey T. Bur, Michael T. TI Intercalibration of research survey vessels on Lake Erie SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISH AB Fish abundance indices obtained from annual research trawl surveys are an integral part of fisheries stock assessment and management in the Great Lakes. It is difficult, however, to administer trawl surveys using a single vessel-gear combination owing to the large size of these systems, the jurisdictional boundaries that bisect the Great Lakes, and changes in vessels as a result of fleet replacement. When trawl surveys are administered by multiple vessel-gear combinations, systematic error may be introduced in combining catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) data across vessels. This bias is associated with relative differences in catchability among vessel-gear combinations. In Lake Erie, five different research vessels conduct seasonal trawl surveys in the western half of the lake. To eliminate this systematic bias, the Lake Erie agencies conducted a side-by-side trawling experiment in 2003 to develop correction factors for CPUE data associated with different vessel-gear combinations. Correcting for systematic bias in CPUE data should lead to more accurate and comparable estimates of species density and biomass. We estimated correction factors for the 10 most commonly collected species age-groups for each vessel during the experiment. Most of the correction factors (70%) ranged from 0.5 to 2.0, indicating that the systematic bias associated with different vessel-gear combinations was not large. Differences in CPUE were most evident for vessels using different sampling gears, although significant differences also existed for vessels using the same gears. These results suggest that standardizing gear is important for multiple-vessel surveys, but there will still be significant differences in catchability stemming from the vessel effects and agencies must correct for this. With standardized estimates of CPUE, the Lake Erie agencies will have the ability to directly compare and combine time series for species abundance. C1 Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Res Unit, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Glenora Fisheries Stn, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Fairport Fisheries Res Unit, Fairport Harbor, OH 44077 USA. US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Tyson, JT (reprint author), Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Res Unit, 305 E Shoreline Dr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM jeff.tyson@dnr.state.oh.us NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 559 EP 570 DI 10.1577/MO5-027.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 087PI UT WOS:000240753900007 ER PT J AU DeCicco, AL Brown, RJ AF DeCicco, Alfred L. Brown, Randy J. TI Direct validation of annual growth increments on sectioned otoliths from adult arctic grayling and a comparison of otolith and scale ages SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CALCIFIED STRUCTURES; FIN-RAY; BIOLOGY AB Accurate ages are essential for the responsible management of fish populations, and validation of ages ensures that accurate age estimates are available to managers. Scales have typically been used to estimate ages of Arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus in Alaska; however, the recapture of marked fish after several years at large has cast doubt on the accuracy of scale ages for this species. To validate age determinations from otoliths, we used oxytetracycline (OTC) to mark 102 Arctic grayling from the Eldorado River, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, during 1994 and 1995. Fish were tagged, fin-clipped, weighed, and injected with 25 mg of OTC/kg of body weight. Over the succeeding 4 years, 16 OTC-marked Arctic grayling were recaptured. Fluorescent marks were visible in thin-sectioned otoliths from 15 of the 16 recaptured fish, and annuli that were visible beyond the mark accurately recorded the passage of years between mark and recapture in all otoliths with OTC marks. Ages assigned from scales underestimated the otolith-assigned age by as much as 20 years. We assembled a larger data set of scale-otolith pairs (n = 74) by combining data from sampling mortalities collected in nearby rivers during 1988-1995 with data from this study. We used the Fisheries Analysis Simulation Tool (FAST 2.1) to estimate growth parameters, and we used an age bias plot and a simple population model to illustrate the mismanagement of Arctic grayling fisheries that could occur if scale ages are relied upon to describe stock structure. We recommend the use of otoliths as the standard of age determination in Arctic grayling populations until a nonlethal method (e.g., fin rays) can be validated for age determination in this species. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Sport Fish Div, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fisheries Res Off, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP DeCicco, AL (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Sport Fish Div, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM freddecicco@gmail.com NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 580 EP 586 DI 10.1577/MO5-067.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 087PI UT WOS:000240753900009 ER PT J AU Wanner, GA AF Wanner, Greg A. TI Evaluation of a gastric lavage method on juvenile pallid sturgeon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID REMOVING STOMACH CONTENTS; FOOD-HABITS; LIVE FISH AB Because of the endangered status and limited knowledge of the early life history of the pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus, I tested the safety and efficiency of a nonlethal method for investigating the food habits of age-2 juvenile pallid sturgeon. Pallid sturgeon were fed a mixture of live prey items, including earthworms Lumbricus terrestris, red worms Alloloborpha calliginosa, meal worms Tenebrio molitor, and wax worms Galleria mellonella. Gastric lavage was performed on two test groups; a third group did not undergo gastric lavage but was held as a control (N = 30 fish per group). Over a 60-d test period, no mortality was observed. No significant differences were detected in relative condition and growth in length between the two lavaged groups and the control group over the 60-d test period. The efficiency of the gastric lavage procedure was tested on 29 age-2 juveniles, and food items were recovered from 100% of the fish with food in their stomachs. The average recovery rate for all food items combined was 74.9% by number and 73.7% by weight. Gastric lavage was determined to be a safe method for recovering food items from juvenile pallid sturgeon. More research is needed to test the efficiency of the method in recovering natural prey in the field. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Management Assistanc, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. RP Wanner, GA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Management Assistanc, 420 S Garfield Ave,Suite 400, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. EM greg_wanner@fws.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 587 EP 591 DI 10.1577/MO5-090.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 087PI UT WOS:000240753900010 ER PT J AU Adams, JV Argyle, RL Fleischer, GW Curtis, GL Stickel, RG AF Adams, Jean V. Argyle, Ray L. Fleischer, Guy W. Curtis, Gary L. Stickel, Richard G. TI Improving the design of acoustic and midwater trawl surveys through stratification, with an application to lake Michigan prey fishes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; FORAGE FISHES; RAINBOW SMELT; ABUNDANCE; PRECISION; ONTARIO; STOCKS; SEA AB Reliable estimates of fish biomass are vital to the management of aquatic ecosystems and their associated fisheries. Acoustic and midwater trawl surveys are an efficient sampling method for estimating fish biomass in large bodies of water. To improve the precision of biomass estimates from combined acoustic and midwater trawl surveys, sampling effort should be optimally allocated within each stage of the survey design. Based on information collected during fish surveys, we developed an approach to improve the design of combined acoustic and midwater trawl surveys through stratification. Geographic strata for acoustic surveying and depth strata for midwater trawling were defined using neighbor-restricted cluster analysis, and the optimal allocation of sampling effort for each was then determined. As an example, we applied this survey stratification approach to data from lakewide acoustic and midwater trawl surveys of Lake Michigan prey fishes. Precision of biomass estimates from surveys with and without geographic stratification was compared through resampling. Use of geographic stratification with optimal sampling allocation reduced the variance of Lake Michigan acoustic biomass estimates by 77%. Stratification and optimal allocation at each stage of an acoustic and midwater trawl survey should serve to reduce the variance of the resulting biomass estimates. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Adams, JV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM jvadams@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 612 EP 621 DI 10.1577/MO4-216.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 087PI UT WOS:000240753900013 ER PT J AU Ostrand, KG Siepker, MJ Cooke, SJ AF Ostrand, Kenneth G. Siepker, Michael J. Cooke, Steven J. TI Capture efficiencies of two hook types and associated injury and mortality of juvenile muskellunge angled with live baitfish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ESOX-MASQUINONGY; STRIKE TACTICS; CIRCLE HOOKS; ROCK BASS; RELEASE; WISCONSIN; FISHERIES; MARINE AB Strict harvest regulations and a strong catch-and-release ethic among recreational anglers of muskellunge Esox masquinongy have led to interest in developing strategies for reducing injury and mortality of released fish. With many anglers using live baitfish to capture muskellunge, the use of circle hooks may reduce deep hooking and hence mortality. We contrasted the performance of circle hooks and J-style aberdeen hooks when capturing juvenile muskellunge with actively fished live baitfish. The J hooks performed better than circle hooks in terms of capture efficiency. The J hooks were more efficient at hooking muskellunge than were circle hooks, but landing efficiency was similar between the two types. Interestingly, injury was judged to be low regardless of hook type. Neither anatomical hooking location nor hooking depth differed significantly between fish captured on J and circle hooks. No fish were hooked in potentially lethal locations (e.g., gullet or eye) during the use of either hook type. Ease of hook removal did not differ between hook types, and hooks were generally categorized as easy to remove. Bleeding was considered minor and did not differ between hooks. We observed no initial or delayed mortality for fish captured on J or circle hooks. Given that J hooks have a higher muskellunge capture efficiency and that the use of circle hooks did not provide any compelling conservation benefits, anglers will probably continue to use J hooks and avoid circle hooks. Nonetheless, use of circle hooks could be advantageous for other fishing styles (e.g., still fishing, where baitfish are often swallowed), other species, or different sizes of muskellunge. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Aquat Ecol & Conservat, Sam Parr Biol Stn, Kinmundy, IL 62854 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Ostrand, KG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Albernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM kenneth_ostrand@fws.gov RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 622 EP 627 DI 10.1577/MO5-038.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 087PI UT WOS:000240753900014 ER PT J AU Utrup, NJ Fisher, WL AF Utrup, Nicholas J. Fisher, William L. TI Development of a rapid bioassessment protocol for sampling fish in large prairie rivers SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STREAM ECOLOGY; COMMUNITIES; PATTERNS; INDEX AB We used seining and hoop netting to collect fish at 15 sites in five large prairie rivers in Oklahoma to (1) determine the amount of effort needed to detect the maximum number of species at a sample site and (2) examine the selectivity of fish species detected by the two gear types. Analysis of the similarities of the fish collected in six different habitat types identified two distinct habitat types based on fish species composition: shallow-backwater (SBW) habitat (depth <= 0.75 m) and deep-nonwadeable (DNW) habitat (depth > 0.75 m). We estimated that between 6 and 10 (mean = 8) SBW habitats and between I and 6 (mean = 4) DNW habitats at each sample site were needed to obtain maximum species richness during a sampling event. The sampling distance needed to encounter the minimum number of habitats ranged from 400 to 1,600 in and averaged 887 m. Gear evaluation showed that seining captured more species per unit effort than hoop netting (3.6 and 1.4, respectively); however, hoop netting captured significantly larger fish (527 torn; P < 0.001) than seining (42 mm). Based on these collections, we present recommendations for sampling fish assemblages in large prairie rivers in the southern Great Plains to aid in the rapid bioassessment and monitoring of fish assemblages in large prairie rivers. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Utrup, NJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia Fishery Resources Off, 101 Pk DeVille Dr,Suite A, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM nick_utrup@fws.gov NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 714 EP 726 DI 10.1577/M05-104.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 087PI UT WOS:000240753900025 ER PT J AU Kelmelis, JA Schwartz, L Christian, C Crawford, M King, D AF Kelmelis, John A. Schwartz, Lee Christian, Carol Crawford, Melba King, Dennis TI Use of geographic information in response to the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004 SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Dept State, Off Geographer & Global Issues, Washington, DC 20520 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Purdue Univ, Applicat Remote Sensing Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Dept State, Humanitarian Informat Unit, Washington, DC 20520 USA. RP Kelmelis, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jkelmeli@usgs.gov; SchwartzLR@state.gov; ChristianCA@state.gov; mcrawfbrd@purdue.edu; KingDJ2@state.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 72 IS 8 BP 862 EP 876 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 069AQ UT WOS:000239417400003 ER PT J AU Devalapalli, AP Lesher, A Shieh, K Solow, JS Everett, ML Edala, AS Whitt, P Long, RR Newton, N Parker, W AF Devalapalli, A. P. Lesher, A. Shieh, K. Solow, J. S. Everett, M. L. Edala, A. S. Whitt, P. Long, R. R. Newton, N. Parker, W. TI Increased levels of IgE and autoreactive, polyreactive IgG in wild rodents: Implications for the hygiene hypothesis SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; ORAL TOLERANCE; PARASITES; STRESS; ALLERGY; PREVALENCE; DISEASES; CELLS; AUTOIMMUNITY; POPULATIONS AB To probe the potential role of Th1 versus Th2 reactivity underlying the hygiene hypothesis, intrinsic levels of Th1-associated and Th2-associated antibodies in the serum of wild rodents were compared with that in various strains of laboratory rodents. Studies using rat lung antigens as a target indicated that wild rats have substantially greater levels of autoreactive, polyreactive immunoglobulin G (IgG), but not autoreactive, polyreactive IgM than do laboratory rats, both on a quantitative and qualitative basis. Increased levels of serum IgG and IgE were observed in both wild rats and wild mice relative to their laboratory-raised counterparts, with the effect being most pronounced for IgE levels. Further, wild rats had greater intrinsic levels of both Th1- and Th2-associated IgG subclasses than did lab rats. The habitat (wild versus laboratory raised) had a more substantial impact on immunoglobulin concentration than did age, strain or gender in the animals studied. The presence in wild rodents of increased intrinsic, presumably protective, non-pathogenic responses similar to both autoimmune (autoreactive IgG, Th1-associated) and allergic (IgE, Th2-associated) reactions as well as increased levels of Th1-associated and Th2-associated IgG subclasses points toward a generally increased stimulation of the immune system in these animals rather than a shift in the nature of the immunoreactivity. It is concluded that, at least to the extent that feedback inhibition is a controlling element of immunoreactivity, an overly hygienic environment may affect the threshold of both types of immune responses more so than the balance between the different responses. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. N Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Div Environm Hlth Serv, Winston Salem, NC USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Parker, W (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Box 2605, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM bparker@duke.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL60232-03]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P3 DK34987] NR 45 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-9475 J9 SCAND J IMMUNOL JI Scand. J. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 64 IS 2 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01785.x PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 061SR UT WOS:000238893400006 PM 16867157 ER PT J AU Hinck, JE Schmitt, CJ Blazer, VS Denslow, ND Bartish, TM Anderson, PJ Coyle, JJ Dethloff, GM Tillitt, DE AF Hinck, Jo Ellen Schmitt, Christopher J. Blazer, Vicki S. Denslow, Nancy D. Bartish, Timothy M. Anderson, Patrick J. Coyle, James J. Dethloff, Gail M. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the Columbia River and its tributaries: Spatial and temporal trends SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE selenium; mercury; lead; pesticides; organochlorme chemicals; ethoxyresorufin beta-deethylase (EROD) activity; health assessment index (HAI); biomarkers; ovotestis; vitellogenin ID COEUR-DALENE RIVER; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PLANAR HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BLUEGILLS LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; BASS MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; HEALTH ASSESSMENT INDEX; FRESH-WATER FISH; LARGEMOUTH BASS; BIOMONITORING-PROGRAM AB Fish were collected from 16 sites on rivers in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) from September 1997 to April 1998 to document temporal and spatial trends in the concentrations of accumulative contaminants and to assess contaminant effects on the fish. Sites were located on the mainstem of the Columbia River and on the Snake, Willamette, Yakima, Salmon, and Flathead Rivers. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), black bass (Micropterus sp.), and largescale sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) were the targeted species. Fish were field-examined for external and internal lesions, selected organs were weighed to compute somatic indices, and tissue and fluid samples were preserved for fish health and reproductive biomarker analyses. Composite samples of whole fish, grouped by species and gender, from each site were analyzed for organochlorine and elemental contaminants using instrumental methods and for 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin-like activity (TCDD-EQ) using the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay. Overall, pesticide concentrations were greatest in fish from lower CRB sites and elemental concentrations were greatest in fish from upper CRB sites. These patterns reflected land uses. Lead (Pb) concentrations in fish from the Columbia River at Northport and Grand Coulee, Washington (WA) exceeded fish and wildlife toxicity thresholds (> 0.4 mu g/g). Selenium (Se) concentrations in fish from the Salmon River at Riggins, Idaho (ID), the Columbia River at Veruita Bridge, WA, and the Yakima River at Granger, WA exceeded toxicity thresholds for piscivorous wildlife (> 0.6 mu g/g). Mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish were elevated throughout the basin but were greatest (> 0.4 mu g/g) in predatory fish from the Salmon River at Riggins, ID, the Yakima River at Granger, WA, and the Columbia River at Warrendale, Oregon (OR). Residues of pp-DDE were greatest (> 0.8 mu g/g) in fish from agricultural areas of the Snake, Yakima, and Columbia River basins but were not detected in upper CRB fish. Other organochlorine pesticides did not exceed toxicity thresholds in fish or were detected infrequently. Total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; > 0.11 mu g/g) and TCDD-EQs (> 5 pg/g) exceeded wildlife guidelines in fish from the middle and lower CRB, and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was also elevated at many of the same sites. Temporal trend analysis indicated decreasing or stable concentrations of Pb, Se, Hg, pp-DDE, and PCBs at most sites where historical data were available. Altered biomarkers were noted in fish throughout the CRB. Fish from some stations had responded to chronic contaminant exposure as indicated by fish health and reproductive biomarker results. Although most fish from some sites had grossly visible external or internal lesions, histopathological analysis determined these to be inflammatory responses associated with helminth or myxosporidian parasites. Many largescale sucker from the Columbia River at Northport and Grand Coulee, WA had external lesions and enlarged spleens, which were likely associated with infections. Intersex male smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) were found in the Snake River at Lewiston, ID and the Columbia River at Warrendale, OR. Male bass, carp, and largescale sucker containing low concentrations of vitellogenin were common in the CRB, and comparatively high concentrations (> 0.3 mg/mL) were measured in male fish from the Flathead River at Creston, Montana, the Snake River at Ice Harbor Dam, WA, and the Columbia River at Vernita Bridge, WA and Warrendale, OR. Results from our study nd other investigations indicate that continued monitoring in the CRB is warranted to identify consistently degraded sites and those with emerging problems. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USGS, BEST Program, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hinck, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jhinck@usgs.gov NR 132 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 6 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 366 IS 2-3 BP 549 EP 578 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.11.008 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075IF UT WOS:000239877400013 PM 16406490 ER PT J AU Normark, WR Piper, DJW Sliter, R AF Normark, William R. Piper, David J. W. Sliter, Ray TI Sea-level and tectonic control of middle to late Pleistocene turbidite systems in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canyon; chronology; Quaternary; sea level; submarine fan; tectonics; turbidite ID CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; RADIOCARBON; HUENEME; CENTURIES; CURRENTS; MODEL; SHELF; FANS AB Small turbidite systems offshore from southern California provide an opportunity to track sediment from river source through the turbidity-current initiation process to ultimate deposition, and to evaluate the impact of changing sea level and tectonics. The Santa Monica Basin is almost a closed system for terrigenous sediment input, and is supplied principally from the Santa Clara River. The Hueneme fan is supplied directly by the river, whereas the smaller Mugu and Dume fans are nourished by southward longshore drift. This study of the Late Quaternary turbidite fill of the Santa Monica Basin uses a dense grid of high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles tied to new radiocarbon ages for Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1015 back to 32 ka. Over the last glacial cycle, sedimentation rates in the distal part of Santa Monica Basin averaged 2-3 mm yr(-1), with increases at times of extreme relative sea-level lowstand. Coarser-grained mid-fan lobes prograded into the basin from the Hueneme, Mugu and Dume fans at times of rapid sea-level fall. These pulses of coarse-grained sediment resulted from river channel incision and delta cannibalization. During the extreme lowstand of the last glacial maximum, sediment delivery was concentrated on the Hueneme Fan, with mean depositional rates of up to 13 mm yr(-1) on the mid- and upper fan. During the marine isotope stage (MIS) 2 transgression, enhanced rates of sedimentation of > 4 mm yr(-1) occurred on the Mugu and Dume fans, as a result of distributary switching and southward littoral drift providing nourishment to these fan systems. Longer-term sediment delivery to Santa Monica Basin was controlled by tectonics. Prior to MIS 10, the Anacapa ridge blocked the southward discharge of the Santa Clara River into the Santa Monica Basin. The pattern and distribution of turbidite sedimentation was strongly controlled by sea level through the rate of supply of coarse sediment and the style of initiation of turbidity currents. These two factors appear to have been more important than the absolute position of sea level. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Normark, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM wnormark@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 867 EP 897 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00797.x PG 31 WC Geology SC Geology GA 063IE UT WOS:000239011100008 ER PT J AU Faust, AE Ferre, TPA Schaap, MG Hinnell, AC AF Faust, Abigail E. Ferre, Ty P. A. Schaap, Marcel G. Hinnell, Andrew C. TI Can basin-scale recharge be estimated reasonably with water-balance models? SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; CONDUCTIVITY; APPROPRIATE; PARAMETERS; RETENTION; SOILS AB We examine in-place recharge as an example of the complex, basin-scale hydrologic processes that are being represented with simplified numerical models. The rate and distribution of recharge depend on local meteorological conditions and hydrogeologic properties. The pattern of recharge is defined predominantly by the distribution of net precipitation (precipitation less evapotranspiration), but different pedotransfer functions (PTFs) predict different fractions of precipitation that become in-place recharge at a given location. At any single location, these differences can often be explained on the basis of the PTF characteristics, but because of the complex averaging that occurs across a basin, the combined effects of meteorological variation and soil textural variation on the basin-wide recharge rates cannot be predicted on the basis of the characteristics of different PTFs. In fact, we show that the same basin-scale numerical model, using identical inputs and modeling options, can produce almost an order of magnitude variation in predicted basin total recharge depending on the choice of PTF. This suggests that sensitivity analyses should be performed on the choice of constitutive relationship (e. g., PTF) when assessing the predictive capability of basin-scale hydrologic models. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USGS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Ferre, TPA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, POB 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ty@hwr.arizona.edu NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 5 IS 3 BP 850 EP 855 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0109 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 107NP UT WOS:000242178600004 ER PT J AU Kwicklis, EM Wolfsberg, AV Stauffer, PH Walvoord, MA Sully, MJ AF Kwicklis, Edward M. Wolfsberg, Andrew V. Stauffer, Philip H. Walvoord, Michelle A. Sully, Michael J. TI Multiphase, multicomponent parameter estimation for liquid and vapor fluxes in deep arid systems using hydrologic data and natural environmental tracers SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE COMPOSITIONS; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-BASIN; MODERN PRECIPITATION; UNSATURATED ZONE; SOUTHERN NEVADA; WATER-MOVEMENT; MOJAVE DESERT; HYDRODYNAMICS; PROFILES AB Multiphase, multicomponent numerical models of long-term unsaturated-zone liquid and vapor movement were created for a thick alluvial basin at the Nevada Test Site to predict present-day liquid and vapor fluxes. The numerical models are based on recently developed conceptual models of unsaturated-zone moisture movement in thick alluvium that explain present-day water potential and tracer profiles in terms of major climate and vegetation transitions that have occurred during the past 10 000 yr or more. The numerical models were calibrated using borehole hydrologic and environmental tracer data available from a low-level radioactive waste management site located in a former nuclear weapons testing area. The environmental tracer data used in the model calibration includes tracers that migrate in both the liquid and vapor phases (delta D, delta O-18) and tracers that migrate solely as dissolved solutes (Cl), thus enabling the estimation of some gas-phase as well as liquid-phase transport parameters. Parameter uncertainties and correlations identified during model calibration were used to generate parameter combinations for a set of Monte Carlo simulations to more fully characterize the uncertainty in liquid and vapor fluxes. The calculated background liquid and vapor fluxes decrease as the estimated time since the transition to the present-day arid climate increases. However, on the whole, the estimated fluxes display relatively little variability because correlations among parameters tend to create parameter sets for which changes in some parameters offset the effects of others in the set. Independent estimates on the timing since the climate transition established from packrat midden data were essential for constraining the model calibration results. The study demonstrates the utility of environmental tracer data in developing numerical models of liquid- and gas-phase moisture movement and the importance of considering parameter correlations when using Monte Carlo analysis to characterize the uncertainty in moisture fluxes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Denver Fed Ctr, USGS, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Neptune & Co Inc, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Wolfsberg, AV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM awolf@lanl.gov OI Stauffer, Philip/0000-0002-6976-221X NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 5 IS 3 BP 934 EP 950 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0021 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 107NP UT WOS:000242178600013 ER PT J AU Anthony, RG Forsman, ED Franklin, AB Anderson, DR Burnham, KP White, GC Schwarz, CJ Nichols, JD Hines, JE Olson, GS Ackers, SH Andrews, LS Biswell, BL Carlson, PC Diller, LV Dugger, KM Fehring, KE Fleming, TL Gerhardt, RP Gremel, SA Gutierrez, RJ Happe, PJ Herter, DR Higley, JM Horn, RB Irwin, LL Loschl, PJ Reid, JA Sovern, SG AF Anthony, Robert G. Forsman, Eric D. Franklin, Alan B. Anderson, David R. Burnham, Kenneth P. White, Gary C. Schwarz, Carl J. Nichols, James D. Hines, James E. Olson, Gail S. Ackers, Steven H. Andrews, Lawrence S. Biswell, Brian L. Carlson, Peter C. Diller, Lowell V. Dugger, Katie M. Fehring, Katherine E. Fleming, Tracy L. Gerhardt, Richard P. Gremel, Scott A. Gutierrez, R. J. Happe, Patti J. Herter, Dale R. Higley, J. Mark Horn, Robert B. Irwin, Larry L. Loschl, Peter J. Reid, Janice A. Sovern, Stan G. TI Status and trends in demography of northern spotted owls, 1985-2003 SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE annual rate of population change; capture-resighting; demography; fecundity; northern spotted owls; Strix occidentalis caurina; survival rates ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS-CAURINA; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; SNOWSHOE HARE CYCLE; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; GREAT HORNED OWLS; MODEL SELECTION; WESTERN OREGON; MARKED ANIMALS; BARRED OWLS AB We analyzed demographic data from northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) from 14 study areas in Washington, Oregon, and California for 1985-2003. The purpose of our analyses was to provide an assessment of the status and trends of northern spotted owl populations throughout most of their geographic range. The 14 study areas made up approximately 12% of the range of the subspecies and included federal, tribal, private, and mixed federal and private lands. The study areas also included all the major forest types that the subspecies inhabits. The analyses followed rigorous protocols that were developed a priori and were the result of extensive discussions and consensus among the authors. Our primary objectives were to estimate fecundity, apparent survival (phi), and annual rate of population change (lambda) and to determine if there were any temporal trends in these population parameters. In addition to analyses of data from individual study areas, we conducted 2 meta-analyses on each demographic parameter. One meta-analysis was conducted on all 14 areas, and the other was restricted to the 8 areas that constituted the Effectiveness Monitoring Plan for northern spotted owls under the Northwest Forest Plan. The average number of years of reproductive data per study area was 14 (range = 5-19), and the average number of recapture occasions per study area was 13 (range = 4-18). Only 1 study area had < 12 years of data. Our results were based on 32,054 captures and resightings of 11,432 banded individuals for estimation of survival and 10,902 instances in which we documented the number of young produced by territorial females. The number of young fledged (NYF) per territorial female was analyzed by testing a suite of a priori models that included (1) effects of age, (2) linear or quadratic time trends, (3) presence of barred owls (Strix varia) in spotted owl territories, and (4) an even-odd year effect. The NYF varied among years on most study areas with a biennial cycle of high reproduction in even-numbered years and low reproduction in odd-numbered years. These cyclic fluctuations did not occur on all study areas, and the even-odd year effect waned during the last 5 years of the study. Fecundity was highest for adults ((x) over bar = 0.372, SE = 0.029), lower for 2-year-olds ((x) over bar = 0.208, SE = 0.032), and very low for 1-year-olds ((x) over bar = 0.074, SE = 0.029). Fecundity was stable over time for 6 areas (Rainier, Olympic, Warm Springs, H. J. Andrews, Klamath, and Marin), declining for 6 areas (Wenatchee, Cie Elum, Oregon Coast Range, Southern Oregon Cascades, Northwest California, and Simpson), and slightly increasing for 2 areas (Tyee, Hoopa). We found little association between NYF and the proportion of northern spotted owl territories where barred owls were detected, although results were suggestive of a negative effect of barred owls on the Wenatchee and Olympic study areas. The meta-analysis on fecundity indicated substantial annual variability with no increasing or decreasing trends. Fecundity was highest in the mixed-conifer region of eastern Washington ((x) over bar = 0.560, SE = 0.041) and lowest in the Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) region of the Oregon coast ((x) over bar = 0.306, SE = 0.039). We used Cormack-Jolly-Seber open population models and Program MARK to estimate apparent survival rates of owls > 1 year old. We found no differences in apparent survival rates between sexes except for 1 area (Marin), which had only 6 years of data. Estimates of apparent survival from individual study areas indicated that there were differences among age classes with adults generally having higher survival than 1 and 2-year-olds. Apparent survival rates ranged from 0.750 (SE = 0.026) to 0.886 (SE = 0.010) for adults, 0.626 (SE = 0.073) to 0.886 (SE = 0.010) for 2-year-olds, and 0.415 (SE = 0.111) to 0.860 (SE = 0.017) for 1-year-olds. These estimates were comparable to survival rates from previous studies on the subspecies. We found evidence for negative time trends in survival rates on 5 study areas (Wenatchee, Cie Elum, Rainier, Olympic, and Northwest California) and no trends in survival on the remaining areas. There was evidence for negative effects of barred owls on apparent survival on 3 study areas (Wenatchee, Cie Elum, and Olympic). Survival rates of adult owls on the 8 Monitoring Areas generally were high, ranging from 0.85 (SE = 0.009) to 0.89 (SE = 0.010), but were declining on the Cie Elum, Olympic, and Northwestern California study areas. The meta-analysis of apparent survival indicated differences among regions and changes over time with a downward trend in the mixed-conifer and Douglas-fir regions of Washington. The meta-analysis of apparent survival also indicated that there was a negative association between fecundity and survival the following year, suggesting a cost of reproduction on survival. This effect was limited to the Douglas-fir and mixed-conifer regions of Washington and the Douglas-fir region of the Oregon Cascade Mountains. We used the reparameterized Jolly-Seber method Q-RA to estimate annual rate of population change of territorial owls in the study areas. This estimate answers the question, Are these territorial owls being replaced in this geographically open population? Point estimates of lambda(RJS) were < 1.0 for 12 of 13 study areas. The analyses provided strong evidence that populations on the Wenatchee, Cie Elum, Rainier, Olympic, Warm Springs, H. J. Andrews, Oregon Coast Ranges, and Simpson study areas were declining during the study. The mean RJS for the 13 study areas was 0.963 (SE = 0.009), suggesting that populations over all the areas were declining about 3.7% per year during the study. The mean lambda(RJS) for the 8 monitoring areas for the Northwest Forest Plan was 0.976 (SE = 0.007) compared to a mean of 0.942 (SE = 0.016) for the other study areas, a 2.4-versus-5.8% decline per year. This suggested that owl populations on federal lands had higher demographic rates than elsewhere; thus, the Northwest Forest Plan appeared to have a positive effect on demography of northern spotted owls. Populations were doing poorest in Washington, where apparent survival rates and populations were declining on all 4 study areas. Our estimates of lambda(RJS) were generally lower than those reported in a previous analysis (lambda(RJS) = 0.997, SE = 0.003) for many of the same areas at an earlier date. The possible causes of population declines include but are not limited to habitat loss from timber harvest and fires, competition with barred owls, and weather patterns. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Hoopa Tribal Forestry, Hoopa, CA 95546 USA. Green Diamond Resource Co, Korbel, CA 95550 USA. Point Reyes Bird Observ, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Brush Prairie, WA 98606 USA. Sage Sci, Madras, OR 97741 USA. USDI Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Raedeke Associates Inc, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. USID Bur Land Management, Roseburg Dist Off, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Stevensville, MT 59870 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Roseburg Field Stn, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. RP Anthony, RG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM robert.anthony@oregonstate.edu RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 118 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 EI 1938-5455 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2006 IS 163 BP 1 EP 48 PG 48 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 179GC UT WOS:000247276700001 ER PT J AU Jacobson, RB Galat, DL AF Jacobson, Robert B. Galat, David L. TI Flow and form in rehabilitation of large-river ecosystems: An example from the Lower Missouri River SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the Association-of-American-Geographers CY MAR 14-19, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Assoc Amer Geographers DE physical habitat; flow regime; Missouri river; 2-dimensional modeling ID REGULATED RIVERS; ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; WATER MANAGEMENT; FISHES; NATURALIZATION; CONNECTIVITY; RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS AB On large, intensively engineered rivers like the Lower Missouri, the template of the physical habitat is determined by the nearly independent interaction of channel form and flow regime. We evaluated the interaction between flow and form by modeling four combinations of modem and historical channel form and modem and historical flow regimes. The analysis used shallow, slow water (shallow-water habitat, SWH, defined as depths between 0 and 1.5 in, and current velocities between 0 and 0.75 m/s) as an indicator of habitat that has been lost on many intensively engineered rivers and one that is thought to be especially important in rearing of young fishes. Two-dimensional hydrodynamic models for modem and historical channels of the Lower Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri, indicate substantial differences between the two channels in total availability and spatial characteristics of SWH. In the modem channel, SWH is maximized at extremely low flows and in overbank flows, whereas the historical channel had substantially more SWH at all discharges and SWH increased with increasing discharge. The historical channel form produced 3-7 times the SWH area of the modem channel regardless of flow regime. The effect of flow regime is evident in increased within-year SWH variability with the natural flow regime, including significant seasonal peaks of SWH associated with spring flooding. Comparison with other reaches along the Lower Missouri River indicates that a) channel form is the dominant control of the availability of habitat even in reaches where the hydrograph is more intensively altered, and b) rehabilitation projects that move toward the historical condition can be successful in increasing topographic diversity and thereby decreasing sensitivity of the availability of habitat to flow regime. The relative efficacy of managing flow and form in creating SWH is useful information toward achieving socially acceptable rehabilitation of the ecosystem in large river systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Units, Columbia, MO USA. RP Jacobson, RB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Units, Columbia, MO USA. EM rjacobson@usgs.gov; galatd@missouri.edu NR 72 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL 30 PY 2006 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.014 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 069SX UT WOS:000239469600005 ER PT J AU Koh, DC Plummer, LN Solomon, DK Busenberg, E Kim, YJ Chang, HW AF Koh, Dong-Chan Plummer, L. Niel Solomon, D. Kip Busenberg, Eurybiades Kim, Yong-Je Chang, Ho-Wan TI Application of environmental tracers to mixing, evolution, and nitrate contamination of ground water in Jeju Island, Korea SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental tracers; residence time; ground-water mixing; nitrate contamination; aquifer vulnerability; volcanic island ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CCL3F; TRITIOGENIC HE-3; VOLCANIC ISLAND; DATING TOOLS; MULTI-TRACER; AQUIFER; TRITIUM AB Tritium/helium-3 ((HHe)-H-3-He-3) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were investigated as environmental tracers in ground water from Jeju Island (Republic of Korea), a basaltic volcanic island. Ground-water mixing was evaluated by comparing H-3 and CFC-12 concentrations with Lumped-parameter dispersion models, which distinguished old water recharged before the with negligible H-3 and CFC-12 from younger water. LOW H-3 levels in a considerable num-1950s with negligible H and CFC ber of samples cannot be explained by the mixing models, and were interpreted as binary mixing of old and younger water; a process also identified in alkalinity and pH of ground water. The ground-water CFC-12 age is much older in water from welts completed in confined zones of the hydro-votcanic Seogwipo Formation in coastal areas than in water from the basaltic aquifer. Major cation concentrations are much higher in young water with high nitrate than those in uncontaminated old water. Chemical evolution of ground water resulting from silicate weathsmectite phase boundary. The calcite saturation state of ground water increases with the CFC-12 apparent (piston flow) age. In agricultural areas, the temporal trend of nitrate concentration in ground water is consistent with the known history of chemical fertilizer use on the island, but increase of nitrate concentration in ground water is more abrupt after the late 1970s compared with the exponential growth of nitrogen inputs. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Groundwater Resources Grp, Taejon 305350, South Korea. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Koh, DC (reprint author), Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Groundwater Resources Grp, 30 Gajeong Dong, Taejon 305350, South Korea. EM chankoh@kigam.re.kr RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016; OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124; Kim, Yongje/0000-0002-8463-5374; Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 60 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 30 PY 2006 VL 327 IS 1-2 BP 258 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.021 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 072KG UT WOS:000239671700021 ER PT J AU Chouet, B Dawson, P Nakano, M AF Chouet, Bernard Dawson, Phillip Nakano, Masaru TI Dynamics of diffusive bubble growth and pressure recovery in a bubbly rhyolitic melt embedded in an elastic solid SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID MAGMAS; WATER; MODEL; NUCLEATION; VISCOSITY; GLASSES; H2O; SOLUBILITY; SPECIATION; LIQUIDS AB [ 1] We present a model of gas exsolution and bubble expansion in a melt supersaturated in response to a sudden pressure drop. In our model, the melt contains a suspension of gas bubbles of identical sizes and is encased in a penny-shaped crack embedded in an elastic solid. The suspension is modeled as a three-dimensional lattice of spherical cells with slight overlap, where each elementary cell consists of a gas bubble surrounded by a shell of volatile-rich melt. The melt is then subjected to a step drop in pressure, which induces gas exsolution and bubble expansion, resulting in the compression of the melt and volumetric expansion of the crack. The dynamics of diffusion-driven bubble growth and volumetric crack expansion span 9 decades in time. The model demonstrates that the speed of the crack response depends strongly on volatile diffusivity in the melt and bubble number density and is markedly sensitive to the ratio of crack thickness to crack radius and initial bubble radius but is relatively insensitive to melt viscosity. The net drop in gas concentration in the melt after pressure recovery represents only a small fraction of the initial concentration prior to the drop, suggesting the melt may undergo numerous pressure transients before becoming significantly depleted of gases. The magnitude of pressure and volume recovery in the crack depends sensitively on the size of the input-pressure transient, becoming relatively larger for smaller-size transients in a melt containing bubbles with initial radii less than 10(-5) m. Amplification of the input transient may be large enough to disrupt the crack wall and induce brittle failure in the rock matrix surrounding the crack. Our results provide additional basis for the interpretation of volume changes in the magma conduit under Popocatepetl Volcano during Vulcanian degassing bursts in its eruptive activity in April - May 2000. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chouet, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM chouet@usgs.gov; dawson@usgs.gov; nakano@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 29 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B7 AR B07310 DI 10.1029/2005JB004174 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 070AD UT WOS:000239491400001 ER PT J AU Reysenbach, AL Liu, YT Banta, AB Beveridge, TJ Kirshtein, JD Schouten, S Tivey, MK Von Damm, KL Voytek, MA AF Reysenbach, Anna-Louise Liu, Yitai Banta, Amy B. Beveridge, Terry J. Kirshtein, Julie D. Schouten, Stefan Tivey, Margaret K. Von Damm, Karen L. Voytek, Mary A. TI A ubiquitous thermoacidophilic archaeon from deep-sea hydrothermal vents SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DIVERSITY; MICROORGANISMS; ENVIRONMENTS; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIAL; CHIMNEY; GROWTH; ARC; NOV AB Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are important in global biogeochemical cycles, providing biological oases at the sea floor that are supported by the thermal and chemical flux from the Earth's interior. As hot, acidic and reduced hydrothermal fluids mix with cold, alkaline and oxygenated sea water, minerals precipitate to formporous sulphide - sulphate deposits. These structures provide microhabitats for a diversity of prokaryotes that exploit the geochemical and physical gradients in this dynamic ecosystem(1). It has been proposed that fluid pH in the actively venting sulphide structures is generally low( pH < 4.5)(2), yet no extreme thermoacidophile has been isolated from vent deposits. Culture-independent surveys based on ribosomal RNA genes from deep-sea hydrothermal deposits have identified a widespread euryarchaeotal lineage, DHVE2 (deep-sea hydrothermal vent euryarchaeotic 2)(3-6). Despite the ubiquity and apparent deep-sea endemism of DHVE2, cultivation of this group has been unsuccessful and thus its metabolism remains a mystery. Here we report the isolation and cultivation of a member of the DHVE2 group, which is an obligate thermoacidophilic sulphur- or iron-reducing heterotroph capable of growing from pH 3.3 to 5.8 and between 55 and 75 degrees C. In addition, we demonstrate that this isolate constitutes up to 15% of the archaeal population, providing evidence that thermoacidophiles may be key players in the sulphur and iron cycling at deep-sea vents. C1 Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Biogeochem & Toxicol, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ New Hampshire, EOS, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Reysenbach, AL (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM reysenbacha@pdx.edu NR 28 TC 123 Z9 133 U1 5 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 27 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7101 BP 444 EP 447 DI 10.1038/nature04921 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 067CI UT WOS:000239278900041 PM 16871216 ER PT J AU Costa, JE Cheng, RT Haeni, FP Melcher, N Spicer, KR Hayes, E Plant, W Hayes, K Teague, C Barrick, D AF Costa, J. E. Cheng, R. T. Haeni, F. P. Melcher, N. Spicer, K. R. Hayes, E. Plant, W. Hayes, K. Teague, C. Barrick, D. TI Use of radars to monitor stream discharge by noncontact methods SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OF-CONCEPT EXPERIMENT; SURFACE CURRENTS; RIVER; VELOCITY; WAVES AB [ 1] Conventional measurements of river flows are costly, time-consuming, and frequently dangerous. This report evaluates the use of a continuous wave microwave radar, a monostatic UHF Doppler radar, a pulsed Doppler microwave radar, and a ground-penetrating radar to measure river flows continuously over long periods and without touching the water with any instruments. The experiments duplicate the flow records from conventional stream gauging stations on the San Joaquin River in California and the Cowlitz River in Washington. The purpose of the experiments was to directly measure the parameters necessary to compute flow: surface velocity ( converted to mean velocity) and cross-sectional area, thereby avoiding the uncertainty, complexity, and cost of maintaining rating curves. River channel cross sections were measured by ground-penetrating radar suspended above the river. River surface water velocity was obtained by Bragg scattering of microwave and UHF Doppler radars, and the surface velocity data were converted to mean velocity on the basis of detailed velocity profiles measured by current meters and hydroacoustic instruments. Experiments using these radars to acquire a continuous record of flow were conducted for 4 weeks on the San Joaquin River and for 16 weeks on the Cowlitz River. At the San Joaquin River the radar noncontact measurements produced discharges more than 20% higher than the other independent measurements in the early part of the experiment. After the first 3 days, the noncontact radar discharge measurements were within 5% of the rating values. On the Cowlitz River at Castle Rock, correlation coefficients between the USGS stream gauging station rating curve discharge and discharge computed from three different Doppler radar systems and GPR data over the 16 week experiment were 0.883, 0.969, and 0.992. Noncontact radar results were within a few percent of discharge values obtained by gauging station, current meter, and hydroacoustic methods. Time series of surface velocity obtained by different radars in the Cowlitz River experiment also show small-amplitude pulsations not found in stage records that reflect tidal energy at the gauging station. Noncontact discharge measurements made during a flood on 30 January 2004 agreed with the rated discharge to within 5%. Measurement at both field sites confirm that lognormal velocity profiles exist for a wide range of flows in these rivers, and mean velocity is approximately 0.85 times measured surface velocity. Noncontact methods of flow measurement appear to ( 1) be as accurate as conventional methods, ( 2) obtain data when standard contact methods are dangerous or cannot be obtained, and ( 3) provide insight into flow dynamics not available from detailed stage records alone. C1 US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Geol Survey, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. CODAR Ocean Sensors, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Costa, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, 1300 Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jecosta@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 27 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 7 AR W07422 DI 10.1029/2005WR004430 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 070AM UT WOS:000239492400002 ER PT J AU Cross, PC Getz, WM AF Cross, Paul C. Getz, Wayne M. TI Assessing vaccination as a control strategy in an ongoing epidemic: Bovine tuberculosis in African buffalo SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium bovis; African buffalo; disease modeling; vaccination ID KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; BADGER MELES-MELES; ZEALAND CATTLE HERDS; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; SYNCERUS-CAFFER; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CHALLENGE RESISTANCE; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; POSSUM POPULATIONS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL AB Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is an exotic disease invading the buffalo population (Syncerus caffer) of the Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa. We used a sex and age-structured epidemiological model to assess the effectiveness of a vaccination program and define important research directions. The model allows for dispersal between a focal herd and background population and was parameterized with a combination of published data and analyses of over 130 radio-collared buffalo in the central region of the KNR Radio-tracking data indicated that all sex and age categories move between mixed herds, and males over 8 years old had higher mortality and dispersal rates than any other sex or age category. In part due to the high dispersal rates of buffalo, sensitivity analyses indicate that disease prevalence in the background population accounts for the most variability in the BTB prevalence and quasi-eradication within the focal herd. Vaccination rate and the transmission coefficient were the second and third most important parameters of the sensitivity analyses. Further analyses of the model without dispersal suggest that the amount of vaccination necessary for quasi-eradication (i.e. prevalence < 5%) depends upon the duration that a vaccine grants protection. Vaccination programs are more efficient (i.e. fewer wasted doses) when they focus on younger individuals. However, even with a lifelong vaccine and a closed population, the model suggests that > 70% of the calf population would have to be vaccinated every year to reduce the prevalence to less than 1%. If the half-life of the vaccine is less than 5 years, even vaccinating every calf for 50 years may not eradicate BTB. Thus, although vaccination provides a means of controlling BTB prevalence it should be combined with other control measures if eradication is the objective. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci & Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Cross, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 229 AJM Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM pcross@usgs.gov OI Getz, Wayne/0000-0001-8784-9354; Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 NR 70 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 25 PY 2006 VL 196 IS 3-4 BP 494 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.009 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063CY UT WOS:000238994800017 ER PT J AU Klein, FW Wright, T Nakata, J AF Klein, Fred W. Wright, Tom Nakata, Jennifer TI Aftershock decay, productivity, and stress rates in Hawaii: Indicators of temperature and stress from magma sources SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID KILAUEA-VOLCANO; EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCES; CALIFORNIA; KAOIKI; MODEL; ZONE; SEISMICITY; PARAMETERS; LANDERS; HAZARD AB [1] We examined dozens of aftershock sequences in Hawaii in terms of Gutenberg-Richter and modified Omori law parameters. We studied p, the rate of aftershock decay; A(p), the aftershock productivity, defined as the observed divided by the expected number of aftershocks; and c, the time delay when aftershock rates begin to fall. We found that for earthquakes shallower than 20 km, p values > 1.2 are near active magma centers. We associate this high decay rate with higher temperatures and faster stress relaxation near magma reservoirs. Deep earthquakes near Kilauea's inferred magma transport path show a range of p values, suggesting the absence of a large, deep magma reservoir. Aftershock productivity is > 4.0 for flank earthquakes known to be triggered by intrusions but is normal (0.25 to 4.0) for isolated main shocks. We infer that continuing, post-main shock stress from the intrusion adds to the main shock's stress step and causes higher A(p). High A(p) in other zones suggests less obvious intrusions and pulsing magma pressure near Kilauea's feeding conduit. We calculate stress rates and stress rate changes from pre-main shock and aftershock rates. Stress rate increased after many intrusions but decreased after large M7 - 8 earthquakes. Stress rates are highest in the seismically active volcano flanks and lowest in areas far from volcanic centers. We found sequences triggered by intrusions tend to have high A(p), high (> 0.10 day) c values, a stress rate increase, and sometimes a peak in aftershock rate hours after the main shock. We interpret these values as indicating continuing intrusive stress after the main shock. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, US Geol Survey, Blaustein Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Klein, FW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM klein@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 25 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B7 AR B07307 DI 10.1029/2005JB003949 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 070AA UT WOS:000239491100003 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Dobson, AP Kuris, AM AF Lafferty, Kevin D. Dobson, Andrew P. Kuris, Armand M. TI Parasites dominate food web links SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE connectance; parasitism; trophic; predation; trematode ID BIRD FINAL HOSTS; MUTUALISTIC NETWORKS; TROPHIC TRANSMISSION; INTERMEDIATE HOSTS; BODY-SIZE; EVOLUTION; TREMATODES; DIVERSITY; STABILITY; INCREASES AB Parasitism is the most common animal lifestyle, yet food webs rarely include parasites. The few earlier studies have indicated that including parasites leads to obvious increases in species richness, number of links, and food chain length. A less obvious result was that adding parasites slightly reduced connectance, a key metric considered to affect food web stability. However, reported reductions in connectance after the addition of parasites resulted from an inappropriate calculation. Two alternative corrective approaches applied to four published studies yield an opposite result: parasites increase connectance, sometimes dramatically. In addition, we find that parasites can greatly affect other food web statistics, such as nestedness (asymmetry of interactions), chain length, and linkage density. Furthermore, whereas most food webs find that top trophic levels are least vulnerable to natural enemies, the inclusion of parasites revealed that mid-trophic levels, not low trophic levels, suffered the highest vulnerability to natural enemies. These results show that food webs are very incomplete without parasites. Most notably, recognition of parasite links may have important consequences for ecosystem stability because they can increase connectance and nestedness. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 41 TC 310 Z9 325 U1 24 U2 181 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 25 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 30 BP 11211 EP 11216 DI 10.1073/pnas.0604755103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 068DZ UT WOS:000239353900021 PM 16844774 ER PT J AU Koslow, JM DeAngelis, DL AF Koslow, Jennifer M. DeAngelis, Donald L. TI Host mating system and the prevalence of disease in a plant population SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE inbreeding; mathematical model; disease resistance; pathogen ID PARASITES; RESISTANCE; SEX; DYNAMICS; METAPOPULATIONS; MAINTENANCE; EVOLUTION; COSTS AB A modified susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) host-pathogen model is used to determine the influence of plant mating system on the outcome of a host-pathogen interaction. Unlike previous models describing how interactions between mating system and pathogen infection affect individual fitness, this model considers the potential consequences of varying mating systems on the prevalence of resistance alleles and disease within the population. If a single allele for disease resistance is sufficient to confer complete resistance in an individual and if both homozygote and heterozygote resistant individuals have the same mean birth and death rates, then, for any parameter set, the selfing rate does not affect the proportions of resistant, susceptible or infected individuals at equilibrium. If homozygote and heterozygote individual birth rates differ, however, the mating system can make a difference in these proportions. In that case, depending on other parameters, increased selfing can either increase or decrease the rate of infection in the population. Results from this model also predict higher frequencies of resistance alleles in predominantly selfing compared to predominantly outcrossing populations for most model conditions. In populations that have higher selfing rates, the resistance alleles are concentrated in homozygotes, whereas in more outcrossing populations, there are more resistant heterozygotes. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Koslow, JM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM jkoslow@indiana.edu NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 22 PY 2006 VL 273 IS 1595 BP 1825 EP 1831 DI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3519 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 062LO UT WOS:000238946100015 PM 16790417 ER PT J AU Garcia-Reyero, N Barber, DS Gross, TS Johnson, KG Sepulveda, MS Szabo, NJ Denslow, ND AF Garcia-Reyero, Nathlia Barber, David S. Gross, Timothy S. Johnson, Kevin G. Sepulveda, Marfa S. Szabo, Nancy J. Denslow, Nancy D. TI Dietary exposure of largemouth bass to OCPs changes expression of genes important for reproduction SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE p,p '-DDE; dieldrin; largemouth bass; quantitative real-time PCR; endocrine disruptors; organochlorine pesticides ID ACUTE REGULATORY PROTEIN; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS HEPATOCYTES; TROUT CYTOCHROME P450S; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; IN-VITRO; MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Dieldrin and pp'-DDE are ubiquitous contaminants known to act as endocrine disruptors, causing impaired development and reproduction in fish and wildlife. In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which dieldrin and pp'-DDE cause endocrine disruption in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), fish were exposed subchronically through the diet to both contaminants. Following 120 days of exposure, pp'-DDE decreased estradiol in females, but increased 11-ketotestosterone in both sexes. Dieldrin on the other hand, decreased estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone in both sexes. Both pesticides also altered steady state mRNA expression levels of a set of genes chosen to represent three possible mechanisms of endocrine disruption: (1) direct interaction with soluble sex steroid receptors, (2) biosynthesis of endogenous sex hormones, and (3) metabolism of endogenous hormones. pp'-DDE acted as a weak estrogen, increasing the expression of vitellogenin and estrogen receptor alpha in the liver. pp'-DDE also altered the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of endogenous hormones as well as their metabolism. Dieldrin, on the other hand, only altered expression of vitellogenin and not estrogen receptor a. Dieldrin also altered the expression of genes involved in hormone synthesis and metabolism, and it dramatically lowered plasma hormone levels. Both pesticides targeted expression of genes involved in all three modes of action, suggesting that they each have multiple modes of action. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USGS, Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, Gainesville, FL USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Florida, CEHT, Analyt Toxicol Core Lab, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Denslow, ND (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, POB 110885, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ndenslow@ufl.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES007375, P42 ES 07375, R01 ES015449] NR 65 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 4 BP 358 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.05.003 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 062HJ UT WOS:000238934900007 PM 16765462 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, K Kendall, C Silva, SR Young, M Paytan, A AF McLaughlin, Karen Kendall, Carol Silva, Steven R. Young, Megan Paytan, Adina TI Phosphate oxygen isotope ratios as a tracer for sources and cycling of phosphate in North San Francisco Bay, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; PRECISE METHOD; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; SYSTEMATICS; DELTA-O-18; APATITES; WATERS; CARBON AB [1] A seasonal analysis assesing variations in the oxygen isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) was conducted in the San Francisco Bay estuarine system, California. Isotopic fractionation of oxygen in DIP (exchange of oxygen between phosphate and environmental water) at surface water temperatures occurs only as a result of enzyme-mediated, biological reactions. Accordingly, if phospate demand is low relative to input and phosphate is not heavily cycled in the ecosystem, the oxygen isotopic composition of DIP (delta(18)O(p)) will reflect the isotopic composition of the source of phosphate to the system. Such is the case for the North San Francisco Bay, an anthropogenically impacted estuary with high surface water phosphate concentrations. Variability in the delta(18)O(p) in the bay is primarily controlled by mixing of water masses with different delta(18)O(p) signatures. The delta(18)O(p) values range from 11.4 parts per thousand at the Sacramento River to 20.1 parts per thousand at the Golden Gate. Deviations from the two-component mixing model for the North Bay reflect additional, local sources of phosphate to the estuary that vary seasonally. Most notably, deviations from the mixing model occur at the confluence of a major river into the bay during periods of high river discharge and near wastewater treatment outlets. These data suggest that delta(18)O(p) can be an effective tool for identifying P point sources and understanding phosphate dynamics in estuarine systems. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McLaughlin, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM karenm@uci.edu; ckendall@usgs.gov; srsilva@usgs.gov; megyoung@pangea.stanford.edu; apaytan@pangea.stanford.edu NR 33 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL 19 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G3 AR G03003 DI 10.1029/2005JG000079 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090YR UT WOS:000240992700002 ER PT J AU Pressling, N Laj, C Kissel, C Champion, D Gubbins, D AF Pressling, Nicola Laj, Carlo Kissel, Catherine Champion, Duane Gubbins, David TI Palaeomagnetic intensities from C-14-dated lava flows on the Big Island, Hawaii: 0-21 kyr SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE palaeointensity; selection criteria; Hawaii; Thellier-Thellier method; radiocarbon ages ID GEOMAGNETIC SECULAR VARIATION; PACIFIC NONDIPOLE LOW; PALEOINTENSITY DETERMINATION; THELLIERS METHOD; CORE; QUESTION; RECORD; FIELD AB Thellier-Thellier experiments were carried out on 216 lava samples collected by the USGS on the Big Island. 35 individual flows from the Kilauea, Mauna Loa and Hualalai volcanoes are represented and independent radiocarbon dating of the flows yields absolute ages ranging from 290 to 20,240 yrs old. The palaeomagnetic analysis was carried out at the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de I'Environnement in Gif-sur-Yvette, France, in two custom built, large capacity furnaces that have been specifically designed to minimise oxidation. The temperature steps were adapted to accommodate the characteristic loss of magnetisation at low temperatures seen in the Curie balance results and the use of half-size samples allowed secondary experiments to be carried out where necessary. The strict PICRIT-03 selection criteria were rigorously applied to the data and a high success rate of 53% has been achieved on a sample level. The flow averaged results almost double the existing C-14-dated palaeointensity dataset for this time window and confirm a period of high intensity over the past 4 kyr preceded by a period in which the dipole moment was weaker. However, the values attained in this study are on average higher than previously published data; reliability of these values is discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. CNRS, Unite Mixte CEA, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94015 USA. RP Pressling, N (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM N.Pressling@earth.leeds.ac.uk OI Pressling, Nicola/0000-0001-5990-8353 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 247 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.04.026 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 068IE UT WOS:000239366100003 ER PT J AU Deino, AL Kingston, JD Glen, JM Edgar, RK Hill, A AF Deino, Alan L. Kingston, John D. Glen, Jonathan M. Edgar, Robert K. Hill, Andrew TI Precessional forcing of lacustrine sedimentation in the late Cenozoic Chemeron Basin, Central Kenya Rift, and calibration of the Gauss/Matuyama boundary SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE radiometric dating; astronomical time scale; Gauss/Matuyama boundary; climate change; hominin evolution; East Africa ID AFRICAN CLIMATE-CHANGE; EAST-AFRICA; OLORGESAILIE FORMATION; GENUS HOMO; KYR BP; ETHIOPIA; PLEISTOCENE; EVOLUTION; HOMINID; LAKE AB The fluviolacustrine sedimentary sequence of the Chemeron Formation exposed in the Barsemoi River drainage, Tugen Hills, Kenya, contains a package of five successive diatomite/fluvial cycles that record the periodic development of freshwater takes within the axial portion of the Central Kenya Rift. The overwhelming abundance in the diatomite of planktonic species of the genera Aulacoseira and Stephanodiscus, and the virtual absence of benthic littoral diatoms and detrital material indicate areally extensive, deep take systems. A paleomagnetic reversal stratigraphy has been determined and chronostratigraphic tie points established by (40)Ar/(39)Ar dating of intercalated tuffs. The sequence spans the interval 3.1-2.35 Ma and bears a detailed record of the Gauss/Matuyama paleomagnetic transition. The (40)Ar/(39)Ar age for this boundary of 2.589 +/- 0.003 Ma can be adjusted to concordance with the Astronomical Polarity Time Scale (APTS) on the basis of an independent calibration to 2.610 Ma, 29 kyr older than the previous APTS age. The diatomites recur at an orbital precessional interval of 23 kyr and are centered on a 400-kyr eccentricity maximum. It is concluded that these diatomite/fluvial cycles reflect a narrow interval of orbitally forced wet/dry climatic conditions that may be expressed regionally across East Africa. The timing of the lacustrine pulses relative to predicted insolation models favors origination of moisture from the northern Africa monsoon, rather than local circulation driven by direct equatorial insolation. This moisture event at 2.7-2.55 Ma, and later East African episodes at 1.9-1.7 and 1.1-0.9 Ma, are approximately coincident with major global climatic and oceanographic events. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Harvard Univ, Farlow Herbarium Cryptogam Bot, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Deino, AL (reprint author), Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, 2455 Ridge Rd, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. EM al@bgc.org NR 82 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 247 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.04.009 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 068IE UT WOS:000239366100004 ER PT J AU Ross, DS Fredriksen, G Jamison, AE Wemple, BC Bailey, SW Shanley, JB Lawrence, GB AF Ross, Donald S. Fredriksen, Guinevere Jamison, Austin E. Wemple, Beverley C. Bailey, Scott W. Shanley, James B. Lawrence, Gregory B. TI One-day rate measurements for estimating net nitrification potential in humid forest soils SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest soil; nitrification; N mineralization; ammonification; N transformation rate measurements ID MINERALIZATION AB Measurements of net nitrification rates in forest soils have usually been performed by extended sample incubation (2-8 weeks), either in the field or in the lab. Because of disturbance effects, these measurements are only estimates of nitrification potential and shorter incubations may suffice. In three separate studies of northeastern USA forest soil surface horizons, we found that laboratory nitrification rates measured over 1 day related well to those measured over 4 weeks. Soil samples of Oa or A horizons were mixed by hand and the initial extraction of subsamples, using 2 mol L-1 KCl, occurred in the field as soon as feasible after sampling. Soils were kept near field temperature and subsampled again the following day in the laboratory. Rates measured by this method were about three times higher than the 4-week rates. Variability in measured rates was similar over either incubation period. Because NO3- concentrations were usually quite low in the field, average rates from 10 research watersheds could be estimated with only a single, 1-day extraction. Methodological studies showed that the concentration of NH4+ increased slowly during contact time with the KCl extractant and, thus, this contact time should be kept similar during the procedure. This method allows a large number of samples to be rapidly assessed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Geog, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Forest Serv, HBEF, Campton, NH 03223 USA. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Ross, DS (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM dross@uvm.edu RI Ross, Donald/A-4477-2008; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-5390-6602; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 9 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 230 IS 1-3 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.022 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 061HX UT WOS:000238863300008 ER PT J AU McKenny, HC Keeton, WS Donovan, TM AF McKenny, Heather C. Keeton, William S. Donovan, Therese M. TI Effects of structural complexity enhancement on eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) populations in northern hardwood forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest management; habitat conservation; red-backed salamander; Plethodon cinereus; structural complexity enhancement; late-successional forest structure; northern hardwoods ID TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; REPLICATED COUNTS; AMERICAN FORESTS; MIXTURE-MODELS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; BODY-SIZE; ABUNDANCE; STANDS; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT AB Managing for stand structural complexity in northern hardwood forests has been proposed as a method for promoting microhabitat characteristics important to eastern red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus). We evaluated the effects of alternate, structure-based silvicultural systems on red-backed salamander populations at two research sites in northwestern Vermont. Treatments included two uneven-aged approaches (single-tree selection and group-selection) and one unconventional approach, termed "structural complexity enhancement" (SCE), that promotes development of late-successional structure, including elevated levels of coarse woody debris (CWD). Treatments were applied to 2 ha units and were replicated two to four times depending on treatment. We surveyed red-backed salamanders with a natural cover search method of transects nested within vegetation plots 1 year after logging. Abundance estimates corrected for detection probability were calculated from survey data with a binomial mixture model. Abundance estimates differed between study areas and were influenced by forest structural characteristics. Model selection was conducted using Akaike Information Criteria, corrected for over-dispersed data and small sample size (QAIC(c)). We found no difference in abundance as a response to treatment as a whole, suggesting that all of the uneven-aged silvicultural systems evaluated can maintain salamander populations after harvest. However, abundance was tied to specific structural habitat attributes associated with study plots within treatments. The most parsimonious model of habitat covariates included site, relative density of overstory trees, and density of more-decayed and less-decayed downed CWD. Abundance responded positively to the density of downed, well-decayed CWD and negatively to the density of poorly decayed CWD and to overstory relative density. CWD volume was not a strong predictor of salamander abundance. We conclude that structural complexity enhancement and the two uneven-aged approaches maintained important microhabitat characteristics for red-backed salamander populations in the short term. Over the long-term, given decay processes as a determinant of biological availability, forestry practices such as SCE that enhance CWD availability and recruitment may result in associated population responses. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, USGS Vermont Cooperat Fis & Wildlife Res Unit, Aiken Ctr 311, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP McKenny, HC (reprint author), Bur Land Management, Needles Field Off, 101 W Spikes Rd, Needles, CA 92363 USA. EM Heather_McKenny@ca.blm.gov NR 60 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 230 IS 1-3 BP 186 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.034 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 061HX UT WOS:000238863300017 ER PT J AU Kelsey, H Satake, K Sawai, Y Sherrod, B Shimokawa, K Shishikura, M AF Kelsey, Harvey Satake, Kenji Sawai, Yuki Sherrod, Brian Shimokawa, Koichi Shishikura, Masanobu TI Recurrence of postseismic coastal uplift, Kuril subduction zone, Japan SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOKACHI-OKI EARTHQUAKE; HOKKAIDO; ESTUARY; BENEATH AB Coastal stratigraphy of eastern Hokkaido indicates that decimeters of coastal uplift occurred repeatedly in the late Holocene. Employing radiocarbon dating and tephrochronology, we identify along a 100 km length of the Kuril subduction zone six uplift events since similar to 2,800 years B. P. Uplift events occur at the same frequency as unusually high tsunamis. Each coastal uplift event, which occurs on average every 500 years, is the product of decade-long post seismic deep slip on the down dip extension of the seismogenic plate boundary following an offshore multi-segment earthquake that generates unusually high tsunamis. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Act Fault Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kelsey, H (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hmk1@humboldt.edu RI Satake, Kenji/E-2312-2011; Sawai, Yuki /D-3216-2013 OI Satake, Kenji/0000-0002-3368-3085; Sawai, Yuki /0000-0001-7015-4361 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 13 AR L13315 DI 10.1029/2006GL026052 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 066FT UT WOS:000239215800003 ER PT J AU Harris, RA Day, SM AF Harris, Ruth A. Day, Steven M. TI Reply to comment by Y. Ben-Zion on "Material contrast does not predict earthquake rupture propagation direction" SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SLIP-PULSE; DISSIMILAR MATERIALS; DYNAMIC RUPTURE; SAN-ANDREAS; CALIFORNIA; PARKFIELD; FAULT; INTERFACE C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Harris, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM harris@usgs.gov; day@moho.sdsu.edu RI Harris, Ruth/C-4184-2013 OI Harris, Ruth/0000-0002-9247-0768 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 13 AR L13311 DI 10.1029/2006GL026811 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 066FF UT WOS:000239214400006 ER PT J AU La Peyre, M Casas, S La Peyre, J AF La Peyre, Megan Casas, Sandra La Peyre, Jerome TI Salinity effects on viability, metabolic activity and proliferation of three Perkinsus species SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE salinity; Perkinsus marinus; P. olseni; P. chesapeaki; viability; metabolic activity; proliferation ID OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; CLAM TAPES-DECUSSATUS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; IN-VITRO; MYA-ARENARIA; RUDITAPES-PHILIPPINARUM; MARINUS APICOMPLEXA; SOFTSHELL CLAM; CHESAPEAKE BAY; EASTERN OYSTERS AB Little is known regarding the range of conditions in which many Perkinsus species may proliferate, making it difficult to predict conditions favorable for their expansion, to identify conditions inducing mortality, or to identify instances of potential cross-infectivity among sympatric host species. In this study, the effects of salinity on viability, metabolic activity and proliferation of P. marinus, P. olseni and P. chesapeaki were determined. Specifically, this research examined the effects of 5 salinities (7, 11, 15, 25, 35 parts per thousand), (1) without acclimation, on the viability and metabolic activity of 2 isolates of each Perkinsus species, and (2) with acclimation, on the viability, metabolic activity, size and number of 1 isolate of each species. P. chesapeaki showed the widest range of salinity tolerance of the 3 species, with high viability and cell proliferation at all salinities tested. Although P. chesapeaki originated from low salinity areas (i.e. < 15 parts per thousand), several measures (i.e. cell number and metabolic activity) indicated that higher salinities (15, 25 parts per thousand) were more favorable for its growth. P. olseni, originating from high salinity areas, had better viability and proliferation at the higher salinities (15, 25, 35 parts per thousand). Distinct differences in acute salinity response of the 2 P. olseni isolates at lower salinities (7, 11 parts per thousand), however, suggest the need for a more expansive comparison of isolates to better define the lower salinity tolerance. Lastly, P. marinus was more tolerant of the lower salinities (7 and 11 parts per thousand) than P. olseni, but exhibited reduced viability at 7 parts per thousand, even after acclimation. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, US Geol Survey,Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP La Peyre, J (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jlapeyre@agctr.lsu.edu NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 71 IS 1 BP 59 EP 74 DI 10.3354/dao071059 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 084CU UT WOS:000240510300007 PM 16922001 ER PT J AU Matmon, D Bekins, BA AF Matmon, Dorit Bekins, Barbara A. TI Hydromechanics of a high taper angle, low-permeability prism: A case study from Peru SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID BARBADOS ACCRETIONARY WEDGE; DRILLING PROGRAM LEG-112; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; FLUID-FLOW; OCEANIC-CRUST; COSTA-RICA; CONVERGENT MARGINS; SUBDUCTION ZONE; NAZCA RIDGE; SEDIMENTS AB [ 1] The Peru frontal prism represents a contrasting hydrologic setting to the better characterized systems of Nankai and Barbados. The high taper angle and convergence rate result in rapid burial of low-permeability sediments. Critical taper stability calculations were combined with a flow model to understand how a steep taper angle could be stable under these conditions. Constant rate flow tests of the slope and prism sediments gave permeability values ranging from a low of similar to 10(-18) m(2) to a high of similar to 10(-16) m(2). Estimated compaction fluid sources exceed 5 x 10(-13) s(-1) near the toe and remain above 10(-14) s(-1) for 20 km arcward in the underthrust sediments. These data were used to constrain a two-dimensional, steady state model of pore pressure along a cross section at 9 degrees S. The model domain is composed of a 15-km-wide frontal prism with a crystalline buttress at the back and 500 m of permeable basement at the base. The combined mechanical stability and flow model analysis yielded a feasible basement permeability of similar to 10(-16) m(2) and a decollement permeability range of 10(-15) - 10(-17) m(2). The model results demonstrate that basement flow and use of different pressure ratio values for the wedge and the base in stability calculations are important for systems with steep taper angles. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Matmon, D (reprint author), Ecolog Engn Ltd, 5 Oppenheimer St, IL-76701 Rehovot, Israel. EM matmond@ecolog.co.il; babekins@usgs.gov NR 66 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 8 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B7 AR B07101 DI 10.1029/2005JB003697 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 062OI UT WOS:000238954000001 ER PT J AU Segall, P Desmarais, EK Shelly, D Miklius, A Cervelli, P AF Segall, P Desmarais, EK Shelly, D Miklius, A Cervelli, P TI Earthquakes triggered by silent slip events on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; 1975 KALAPANA; SOUTH FLANK; JAPAN; FAULT; DEFORMATION; BENEATH AB Slow-slip events, or 'silent earthquakes', have recently been discovered in a number of subduction zones including the Nankai trough(1-3) in Japan, Cascadia(4,5), and Guerrero(6) in Mexico, but the depths of these events have been difficult to determine from surface deformation measurements. Although it is assumed that these silent earthquakes are located along the plate megathrust, this has not been proved. Slow slip in some subduction zones is associated with non-volcanic tremor(7,8), but tremor is difficult to locate and may be distributed over a broad depth range(9). Except for some events on the San Andreas fault(10), slow-slip events have not yet been associated with high-frequency earthquakes, which are easily located. Here we report on swarms of high-frequency earthquakes that accompany otherwise silent slips on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. For the most energetic event, in January 2005, the slow slip began before the increase in seismicity. The temporal evolution of earthquakes is well explained by increased stressing caused by slow slip, implying that the earthquakes are triggered. The earthquakes, located at depths of 7-8 km, constrain the slow slip to be at comparable depths, because they must fall in zones of positive Coulomb stress change. Triggered earthquakes accompanying slow-slip events elsewhere might go undetected if background seismicity rates are low. Detection of such events would help constrain the depth of slow slip, and could lead to a method for quantifying the increased hazard during slow-slip events, because triggered events have the potential to grow into destructive earthquakes. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USGS Hawaii Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. USGS Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Segall, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM segall@stanford.edu NR 27 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7098 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1038/nature04938 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 059HS UT WOS:000238724500038 PM 16823451 ER PT J AU Lyons, PC Krogh, TE Kwok, YY Davis, DW Outerbridge, WF Evans, HT AF Lyons, Paul C. Krogh, T. E. Kwok, Y. Y. Davis, Donald W. Outerbridge, William F. Evans, Howard T., Jr. TI Radiometric ages of the Fire Clay tonstein [Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous), Westphalian, Duckmantian]: A comparison of U-Pb zircon single-crystal ages and Ar-40/Ar-39 sanidine single-crystal plateau ages SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE radiometric dating; U/Pb zircon ages; Ar-40/Ar-39 sandine ages; Fire Clay tonstein; ash fall; Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous); Middle Pennsylvanian; Westphalian; Duckmantian; Palcozoic time scale ID COAL BED; EASTERN KENTUCKY; GEOCHRONOLOGY AB The Fire Clay tonstein [Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous), Westphalian Series, Duckmantian Stage]-a kaolinized, volcanic-ash deposit occurring in Kentucky, West Virginia, Tennessee, and Virginia-is the most widespread bed in the Middle Pennsylvanian of the central Appalachian basin, USA. A concordant single-crystal U-Pb zircon datum for this tonstein gives a Pb-206/U-238 age of 314.6 +/- 0.9 Ma (2 sigma). This age is in approximate agreement with a mean sanidine plateau age of 311.5 +/- 1.3 Ma (1 sigma, n = 11) for the Fire Clay tonstein. The difference between the two ages may be due to bias between the K-40 and U-238 decay constants and other factors. The age of the Fire Clay tonstein has important implications for Duckmantian Stage (Westphalian Series) sedimentation rates, correlations with the Westphalian Series of Europe, Middle Pennsylvanian volcanic events, and the late Paleozoic time scale. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lyons & Associates Consultants, Middleboro, MA 02346 USA. Univ Toronto, Ctr Earth Sci, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lyons, PC (reprint author), Lyons & Associates Consultants, 206 Amber Rd, Middleboro, MA 02346 USA. EM paulusgs@aol.com NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 67 IS 4 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2005.12.002 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 062GF UT WOS:000238931900005 ER PT J AU Leicht, SA Silander, JA AF Leicht, Stacey A. Silander, John A., Jr. TI Differential responses of invasive Celastrus orbiculatus (Celastraceae) and native C-scandens to changes in light quality SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Celastraceae; Celastrus orbiculatus; Celastrus scandens; invasive species; lianas; red : far red ratio; shade responses ID SPECTRAL QUALITY; SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT; SHADE TOLERANCE; GROWTH; PLANTS; IRRADIANCE; RADIATION; ECOLOGY; FORESTS; LIANA AB When plants are subjected to leaf canopy shade in forest understories or from neighboring plants, they not only experience reduced light quantity, but light quality in lowered red : far red light (R : FR). Growth and other developmental responses of plants in reduced R : FR can vary and are not consistent across species. We compared how an invasive liana, Celastrus orbiculatus, and its closely related native congener, C. scandens, responded to changes in the R : FR under controlled, simulated understory conditions. We measured a suite of morphological and growth attributes under control, neutral shading, and low R : FR light treatments. Celastrus orbiculatus showed an increase in height, aboveground biomass, and total leaf mass in reduced R : FR treatments as compared to the neutral shade, while C. scandens had increased stem diameter, single leaf area, and leaf mass to stem mass ratio. These differences provide a mechanistic understanding of the ability of C. orbiculatus to increase height and actively forage for light resources in forest understories, while C. scandens appears unable to forage for light and instead depends upon a light gap forming. The plastic growth response of C. orbiculatus in shaded conditions points to its success in forested habitats where C. scandens is largely absent. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Leicht, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM sleicht@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 11 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 93 IS 7 BP 972 EP 977 DI 10.3732/ajb.93.7.972 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 066LM UT WOS:000239231100005 PM 21642161 ER PT J AU Kanda, LL Fuller, TK Sievert, PR AF Kanda, L. Leann Fuller, Todd K. Sievert, Paul R. TI Landscape associations of road-killed Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in central Massachusetts SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; HABITAT SELECTION AB Knowing the distribution of species at the landscape level can give insight into the proximate mechanisms determining the species' range on a regional scale. We used a survey of road-killed animals to investigate landscape features associated with the presence of Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in central Massachusetts. Volunteers noted roadkilled opossums on their daily commutes through the Connecticut River Valley and surrounding towns in 2000 and 2002. We used a GIS to characterize both the locations of roadkills and random points according to elevation, land use, distance to open water, traffic speed and number of observers on the road and then used logistic regression to determine the association of roadkill sites with these variables. Dead opossums were found most often at low-elevation sites with less forest cover and more human development. Although the opossum usually is considered a habitat generalist found primarily in association with woodlands, opossums in central Massachusetts are not associated with woodlands and, instead, are most often found in and near urbanized areas. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kanda, LL (reprint author), Siena Coll, Dept Biol, 515 Loudon Rd, Loudonville, NY 12211 USA. EM lkanda@siena.edu NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 156 IS 1 BP 128 EP 134 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)156[128:LAORVO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 071OP UT WOS:000239611800013 ER PT J AU Ishii, S Yan, T Shively, DA Byappanahalli, MN Whitman, RL Sadowsky, MJ AF Ishii, Satoshi Yan, Tao Shively, Dawn A. Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Whitman, Richard L. Sadowsky, Michael J. TI Cladophora (Chlorophyta) spp. harbor human bacterial pathogens in nearshore water of Lake Michigan SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; INDICATOR BACTERIA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SALMONELLA; SURVIVAL; SOIL AB Cladophora glomerata, a macrophytic green alga, is commonly found in the Great Lakes, and significant accumulations occur along shorelines during the summer months. Recently, Cladophora has been shown to harbor high densities of the fecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci. Cladophora may also harbor human pathogens; however, until now, no studies to address this question have been performed. In the present study, we determined whether attached Cladophora, obtained from the Lake Michigan and Burns Ditch (Little Calumet River, Indiana) sides of a breakwater during the summers of 2004 and 2005, harbored the bacterial pathogens Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter. The presence of potential pathogens and numbers of organisms were determined by using cultural methods and by using conventional PCR, most-probable-number PCR (MPN-PCR), and quantitative PCR (QPCR) performed with genus- and toxin-specific primers and probes. While Shigella and STEC were detected in 100% and 25%, respectively, of the algal samples obtained near Burns Ditch in 2004, the same pathogens were not detected in samples collected in 2005. MPN-PCR and QPCR allowed enumeration of Salmonella in 40 to 80% of the ditch- and lakeside samples, respectively, and the densities were up to 1.6 X 10(3) cells per g Cladophora. Similarly, these PCR methods allowed enumeration of up to 5.4 X 10(2) Campylabacter cells/g Cladophora in 60 to 100% of take- and ditchside samples. The Campylobacter densities were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the lakeside Cladophora samples than in the ditchside Cladophora samples. DNA fingerprint analyses indicated that genotypically identical Salmonella isolates were associated with geographically and temporally distinct Cladophora samples. However, Campylobacter isolates were genetically diverse. Since animal hosts are thought to be the primary habitat for Campylobacter and Salmonella species, our results suggest that Cladophora is a likely secondary habitat for pathogenic bacteria in Lake Michigan and that the association of these bacteria with Cladophora warrants additional studies to assess the potential health impact on beach users. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Biotechnol Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. United States Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle 439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Sadowsky@umn.edu RI Ishii, Satoshi/C-7000-2012; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; OI Ishii, Satoshi/0000-0003-3600-9165; Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X NR 58 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 72 IS 7 BP 4545 EP 4553 DI 10.1128/AEM.00131-06 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 062RA UT WOS:000238961000006 PM 16820442 ER PT J AU Balistrieri, LS Tempel, RN Stillings, LL Shevenell, LA AF Balistrieri, Laurie S. Tempel, Regina N. Stillings, Lisa L. Shevenell, Lisa A. TI Modeling spatial and temporal variations in temperature and salinity during stratification and overturn in Dexter Pit Lake, Tuscarora, Nevada, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; AQUEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY; VERTICAL TRANSPORT; SIMULATION AB This paper examines the seasonal cycling of temperature and salinity in Dexter pit lake in and northern Nevada, and describes an approach for modeling the physical processes that operate in such systems. The pit lake contains about 596,200 m 3 of dilute, near neutral (pHs 6.7-9) water. Profiles of temperature, conductivity, and selected element concentrations were measured almost monthly during 1999 and 2000. In winter (January-March), the pit lake was covered with ice and bottom water was warmer (5.3 degrees C) with higher total dissolved solids (0.298 g/L) than overlying water (3.96 degrees C) and 0.241 g/L), suggesting inflow of warm (11.7 degrees C) groundwater with a higher conductivity than the lake (657 versus 126-383 mu S/cm). Seasonal surface inflow due to spring snowmelt resulted in lower conductivity in the surface water (232247 mu S/cm) relative to deeper water (315-318 mu S/cm). The pit lake was thermally stratified from late spring through early fall, and the water column turned over in late November (2000) or early December (1999). The pit lake is a mixture of inflowing surface water and groundwater that has subsequently been evapoconcentrated in the and environment. Linear relationships between conductivity and major and some minor (B, Li, Sr, and U) ions indicate conservative mixing for these elements. Similar changes in the elevations of the pit lake surface and nearby groundwater wells during the year suggest that the pit lake is a flow-through system. This observation and geochemical information were used to configure an one-dimensional hydrodynamics model (Dynamic Reservoir Simulation Model or DYRESM) that predicts seasonal changes in temperature and salinity based on the interplay of physical processes, including heating and cooling (solar insolation, long and short wave radiation, latent, and sensible heat), hydrologic flow (inflow and outflow by surface and ground water, pumping, evaporation, and precipitation), and transfers of momentum (wind stirring, convective overturn, shear, and eddy diffusion). Inputs to the model include the size and shape of the lake, daily meteorological data (short wave radiation, long wave radiation or cloud cover, air temperature, vapor pressure, wind speed, and rainfall), rates for water inputs and outputs, the composition of inflowing water, and initial profiles of temperature and salinity. Predicted temperature profiles, which are influenced by seasonal changes in the magnitude of solar radiation, are in good agreement with observations and show the development of a strong thermocline in the summer, erosion of the thermocline during early fall, and turnover in late fall. Predicted salinity profiles are in reasonable agreement with observations and are affected by the hydrologic balance, particularly inflow of surface and groundwater and, to a lesser degree, evaporation. Defining the hydrodynamics model for Dexter pit lake is the first step in using a coupled physical - biogeochemical model (Dynamic Reservoir Simulation Model-Computational Aquatic Ecosystem Dynamics Model or DYRESM-CAEDYM) to predict the behavior of non-conservative elements (e.g., dissolved O-2, Mn, and Fe) and their effect on water quality in this system. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Mackay Sch Mines, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Balistrieri, LS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM balistri@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1184 EP 1203 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.03.013 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 065EQ UT WOS:000239142600007 ER PT J AU Kissling, ML Garton, EO AF Kissling, Michelle L. Garton, Edward O. TI Estimating detection probability and density from point-count surveys: A combination of distance and double-observer sampling SO AUK LA English DT Article DE density estimator; detection probability; distance sampling; double-observer sampling; effective area surveyed; point count ID LINE TRANSECT SURVEYS; AERIAL SURVEYS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; VISIBILITY BIAS; ABUNDANCE; FOREST; MODEL AB Point counts are the method most commonly used to estimate abundance of birds, but they often fail to account properly for incomplete and variable detection probabilities. We developed a technique that combines distance and double-observer sampling to estimate detection probabilities and effective area surveyed. We applied this paired-observer, variable circular-plot (POVCP) technique to point-count surveys (n = 753) conducted in closed-canopy forests of southeast Alaska. Distance data were analyzed for each species to model a detection probability for each observer and calculate an estimate of density. We then multiplied each observer's density estimates by a correction factor to adjust for detection probabilities < 1 at plot center. We compared analytical results from four survey methods: single-observer fixed-radius (50-m) plot; single-observer, variable circular-plot (SOVCP); double-observer fixed-radius (50-m) plot; and POVCP. We examined differences in detection probabilities at plot center, effective area surveyed, and densities for five bird species: Pacific-slope Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis), Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes), Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa), Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus), and Townsend's Warbler (Dendroica townsendi). Average detection probabilities for paired observers increased similar to 8% (SE = 2.9) for all species once estimates were corrected for birds missed at plot center. Density estimators of fixed-radius survey methods were likely negatively biased, because the key assumption of perfect detection was not met. Density estimates generated using SOVCP and POVCP were similar, but standard errors were much lower for the POVCP survey method. We recommend using POVCP when study objectives require precise estimates of density. Failure to account for differences in detection probabilities and effective area surveyed results in biased population estimators and, therefore, faulty inferences about the population in question. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Kissling, ML (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3000 Vintage Blvd,Suite 201, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM michelle_kissling@fws.gov NR 44 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2006 VL 123 IS 3 BP 735 EP 752 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[735:EDPADF]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 065SR UT WOS:000239180100009 ER PT J AU Tweed, EJ Foster, JT Woodworth, BL Monahan, WB Kellerman, JL Lieberman, A AF Tweed, Erik J. Foster, Jeffrey T. Woodworth, Bethany L. Monahan, William B. Kellerman, Jherime L. Lieberman, Alan TI Breeding biology and success of a reintroduced population of the critically endangered Puaiohi (Myadestes palmeri) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE captive breeding; Hawaiian birds; Myadestes palmeri; nest success; Puaiohi; reintroduction ID NEW-ZEALAND; HAWAIIAN THRUSHES; NEST PREDATION; BIRDS; TRANSLOCATION; ESTABLISHMENT; ISLANDS; FOREST AB The ultimate success of reintroduction programs for endangered species depends on the ability of reintroduced animals to breed in the wild. We studied the nesting success and breeding biology of a reintroduced population of Puaiohi (Myadestes palmeri) on the island of Kaua'i, Hawaii. Thirty-four captive-bred Puaiohi were released into the Alaka'i Swamp in 1999-2001 and monitored using radiotelemetry. Ten females and two males paired with wild and other released birds, including one polygynous trio. From March to September, 31 nests were built. Mean clutch size was 2.0 eggs, daily nest survival was 0.97 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- SE) and overall nest success was 0.40 +/- 0.02. We confirmed predation, most probably by rats (Rattus spp.), as the greatest cause of nest failure, occurring at 38% of active nests with known fates, and causing the death of two nesting adult females. Ground-based rodent control proved ineffective at protecting nest attempts. Successful nests fledged an average of 1.4 young each (n = 10), and 85% of fledglings survived at least two weeks. Importantly, breeding behavior and success were comparable to those of wild Puaiohi. This is the first record of breeding in the wild from captive-bred endangered Hawaiian passerines. The ability of captive-bred Puaiohi to survive and breed successfully in the wild bodes well for future releases of this and other endangered passerines, but high predation rates on nests and nesting females highlights the importance of maintaining and restoring safe habitat for recovery. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Zool Soc San Diego, Hawaii Endangered Bird Conservat Program, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. RP Woodworth, BL (reprint author), 25 Ocean View Ave, Portland, ME 04106 USA. EM bethany_woodworth@usgs.gov OI Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564 NR 34 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2006 VL 123 IS 3 BP 753 EP 763 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[753:BBASOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 065SR UT WOS:000239180100010 ER PT J AU Kilpatrick, AM LaPointe, DA Atkinson, CT Woodworth, BL Lease, JK Reiter, ME Gross, K AF Kilpatrick, A. Marm LaPointe, Dennis A. Atkinson, Carter T. Woodworth, Bethany L. Lease, Julie K. Reiter, Matthew E. Gross, Kevin TI Effects of chronic avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) infection on reproductive success of Hawaii Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE disease; Drepanidini; evolution; fitness; fledgling survival; Hawaii Amakihi; Hemignathus virens; Plasmodium relictum ID BLOOD PARASITES; HEMATOZOAN PARASITES; AMERICAN KESTRELS; PARENTAL QUALITY; BARN SWALLOW; GREAT TITS; RESISTANCE; BIRDS; SIZE; IMMUNITY AB We studied the effects of chronic avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) infections on the reproductive success of a native Hawaiian honeycreeper, Hawaii Amakihi (Hemignathus virens). Chronic malaria infections in male and female parents did not significantly reduce reproductive success as measured by clutch size, hatching success, fledging mass, number of nestlings fledged, nesting success (daily survival rate), and minimum fledgling survival. In fact, nesting success of pairs with chronically infected males was significantly higher than those with uninfected males (76% vs. 38%), and off spring that had at least one parent that had survived the acute phase of malaria infection had a significantly greater chance of being resighted the following year (25% vs. 10%). The reproduction and survival of infected birds were sufficient for a per-capita population growth rate > 1, which suggests that chronically infected Hawaii Amakihi could support a growing population. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Consortium Conservat Med, Beijing 100011, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Pacifis Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Study Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Biomath Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kilpatrick, AM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kilpatrick@conservationmedicine.org OI LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X NR 57 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2006 VL 123 IS 3 BP 764 EP 774 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[764:EOCAMP]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 065SR UT WOS:000239180100011 ER PT J AU Davis, SK Brigham, RM Shaffer, TL James, PC AF Davis, Stephen K. Brigham, R. Mark Shaffer, Terry L. James, Paul C. TI Mixed-grass prairie passerines exhibit weak and variable responses to patch size SO AUK LA English DT Article DE edge distance; fragmentation; grassland birds; nest survival; patch-size effects ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; NEST PREDATION; SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; AREA SENSITIVITY; WOOD THRUSHES; BIRDS; LANDSCAPE; VEGETATION AB Much of our current understanding of the demographic effects of habitat fragmentation on bird populations is derived from studies of passerines in forests and tallgrass prairie surrounded by woody vegetation. We quantified grassland bird density, nest survival, and productivity in 41 native mixed-grass prairie pastures during 1997-2000 in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Pastures ranged in size from 18 ha to 11,600 ha and were typically surrounded by agriculture (i.e., ranching and annual cropping). Grassland passerines did not respond strongly or uniformly to patch size. Sprague's Pipit (Anthus spragueii) was the only species whose density increased with pasture size. Patch size had minimal influence on nest survival of Sprague's Pipit or Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida); whereas nest survival increased with patch size for Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) and declined for Baird's Sparrow (Aminodramus bairdii), Chestnut-collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus), and Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta). Time-specific factors (i.e., nest age, date, and year) were more important predictors of nest survival than patch size. Exploratory analyses indicated that effects of edge distance, pasture shape, or landscape on nest survival were just as likely as patch-size effects. However, effects of edge on Chestnut-collared Longspurs may be governed by landscape-level factors, because nest survival decreased with distance to edge in landscapes with increased amounts of cropland. Our results indicate that mixed-grass prairie parcels 48 ha play a role in the conservation of several grassland passerine species currently in decline, but the conservation of Sprague's Pipit likely depends on maintaining larger tracts of native prairie. C1 Saskatchewan Watershed Author, Regina, SK S4P 2K5, Canada. Univ Regina, Dept Biol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Saskatchewan Environm, Regina, SK S4S 5W6, Canada. RP Davis, SK (reprint author), Canadian Wildlife Serv, 300-2365 Albert St, Regina, SK S4P 4K1, Canada. EM stephen.davis@ec.gc.ca RI Brigham, R Mark/E-6825-2010 OI Brigham, R Mark/0000-0001-6765-4250 NR 42 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2006 VL 123 IS 3 BP 807 EP 821 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[807:MPPEWA]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 065SR UT WOS:000239180100015 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE Howe, FP James, FC Johnson, DH Reed, ET Sauer, JR Thompson, FR AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. Howe, Frank P. James, Frances C. Johnson, Douglas H. Reed, Eric T. Sauer, John R. Thompson, Frank R., III TI A review of the population estimation approach of the North American landbird conservation plan SO AUK LA English DT Review ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; CERULEAN WARBLERS; POINT COUNTS; ABUNDANCE; ROADS C1 US Geol Survey Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. US Geol Survey No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Migratory Birds Conservat Div, Quebec City, PQ K1A 0H3, Canada. US Geol Survey Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Missouri, N Cent Res Stn, US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Columbus, MS USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 41 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2006 VL 123 IS 3 BP 892 EP 904 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[892:AROTPE]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 065SR UT WOS:000239180100024 ER PT J AU Banks, RC Cicero, C Dunn, JL Kratter, AW Rasmussen, PC Remsen, JV Rising, JD Stotz, DF AF Banks, Richard C. Cicero, Carla Dunn, Jon L. Kratter, Andrew W. Rasmussen, Pamela C. Remsen, J. V., Jr. Rising, James D. Stotz, Douglas F. TI Forty-seventh supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American birds SO AUK LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEQUENCES; AVES; CHARADRIIFORMES; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RR2, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL USA. Michigan State Univ Museum, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Toronto, Ramsay Wright Zool Labs, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. Field Museum Nat Hist, Environm Program, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Conservat Program, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Banks, RC (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC-111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM banksr@si.edu NR 44 TC 29 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2006 VL 123 IS 3 BP 926 EP 936 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[926:FSTTAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 065SR UT WOS:000239180100031 ER PT J AU Rabalais, MR Magoulick, DD AF Rabalais, Michael R. Magoulick, Daniel D. TI Is competition with the invasive crayfish Orconectes neglectus chaenodactylus responsible for the displacement of the native crayfish Orconectes eupunctus? SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE competition; crayfish; crayfish growth; field experiment; invasive species ID SPECIES PACIFASTACUS-LENIUSCULUS; FRESH-WATER CRAYFISH; AUSTROPOTAMOBIUS-PALLIPES; ASTACUS-ASTACUS; RUSTICUS GIRARD; GROWTH; PREDATION; REPLACEMENT; FISH; MECHANISMS AB The crayfish Orconectes eupunctus, a species of special concern, appears to have been displaced from part of its former range in the Spring River drainage of Arkansas and Missouri by the invasive crayfish O. neglectus chaenodactylus. We conducted preliminary field experiments to determine whether Orconectes eupunctus were displaced from their former range and whether interspecific competition with O. neglectus chaenodactylus was responsible for the displacement. To determine whether Orconectes eupunctus were displaced from their former range by negative biotic interactions with other species we placed single adult male O. eupunctus in cages at two sites: an upstream site where O. eupunctus was formerly abundant and a downstream site where it is currently abundant. Orconectes neglectus chaenodactylus were additionally paired alongside O. eupunctus at the upstream site. We also conducted a field competition experiment with treatments consisting of (1) 3 O. eupunctus, (2) 6 O. eupunctus, and (3) 3 O. eupunctus and 3 O. neglectus chaenodactylus at a site where both species occur. In the first experiment, O. eupunctus gained significantly more weight at the downstream site than the upstream site during 2003, but not during 2002. At the upstream site, O. eupunctus showed significantly greater growth rates than O. neglectus chaenodactylus during 2002, but not during 2003. In the competition experiment, O. neglectus chaenodactylus did not significantly reduce the growth or survival of O. eupunctus. These results suggest that O. eupunctus have been displaced from their former range by biotic interactions, but interspecific competition between adult male O. eupunctus and O. neglectus chaenodactylus does not appear to be the mechanism responsible for this displacement. Further study is needed to investigate the disappearance of O. eupunctus. C1 Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM danmag@uark.edu NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUL PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1039 EP 1048 DI 10.1007/s10530-005-4649-4 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073KY UT WOS:000239742900006 ER PT J AU Thomas, JR Middleton, B Gibson, DJ AF Thomas, Jennifer R. Middleton, Beth Gibson, David J. TI A landscape perspective of the stream corridor invasion and habitat characteristics of an exotic (Dioscorea oppositifolia) in a pristine watershed in illinois SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; bulbils; Chinese yam; dispersal; fire management; floodplain; invasive species; oak-hickory forest; riparian forest; spatial distribution; viability; wilderness management ID SEED BANK; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS; RIPARIAN ZONES; LIFE-HISTORY; VEGETATION; DISPERSAL; PASSAGE; ESTABLISHMENT; INVASIBILITY; COMMUNITIES AB The spatial distribution of exotics across riparian landscapes is not uniform, and research elaborating the environmental constraints and dispersal behavior that underlie these patterns of distribution is warranted. This study examined the spatial distribution, growth patterns, and habitat constraints of populations of the invasive Dioscorea oppositifolia in a forested stream corridor of a tributary of Drury Creek in Giant City State Park, IL. The distribution of D. oppositifolia was determined at the watershed scale mainly by floodplain structure and connectivity. Populations of D. oppositifolia were confined to the floodplain, with overbank flooding from the stream. Dioscorea oppositifolia probably originates in disturbed areas upstream of natural corridors, and subsequently, the species disperses downstream into pristine canyons or ravines via bulbils dispersing in the water. In Giant City State Park, populations of D. oppositifolia were distributed on the floodplain across broad gradients of soil texture, light, slope, and potential radiation. The study also examined the longevity of bulbils in various micro-environments to illuminate strategies for the management of the species in invaded watersheds. After 1 year, the highest percentages of bulbils were viable under leaves, and much lower percentages were viable over leaves, in soil, and in the creek (76.0 +/- 6.8, 21.2 +/- 9.6, 21.6 +/- 3.6, and 5.2 +/- 5.2%), respectively. This study suggests that management procedures that reduce leaf litter on the forest floor (e.g., prescribed burning) could reduce the number of bulbils of D. oppositifolia stored in the watershed. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Monsanto Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63111 USA. RP Middleton, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM beth_middleton@usgs.gov OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 NR 46 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUL PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1103 EP 1113 DI 10.1007/s10530-005-8155-5 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073KY UT WOS:000239742900012 ER PT J AU Smith-Vaniz, WF Jelks, HL Rocha, LA AF Smith-Vaniz, William F. Jelks, Howard L. Rocha, Luiz A. TI Relevance of cryptic fishes in biodiversity assessments: A case study at Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNDERWATER VISUAL CENSUS; US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; CLOVE OIL; WESTERN ATLANTIC; LIFE-HISTORY; CONSERVATION; ASSEMBLAGES; ROTENONE; SIZE; COMMUNITIES AB Because cryptic fishes are difficult to accurately survey, they are undersampled components of coral reef habitats, and their ecological roles have been generally ignored. Fifty-eight enclosed stations were sampled in shoreline, nearshore reef, lagoon, backreef, forereef, and bank/shelf habitats with an ichthyocide (rotenone) at Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Our samples included 55 families and 228 species, 60 previously unreported from St. Croix. Fish assemblages varied across habitat zones with the shoreline assemblage the most distinct. Only 8% of the species were present in all habitats. Multi-dimensional scaling plots of habitat characteristics and Bray-Curtis similarities of fish assemblages revealed similar patterns. Dominant and rare taxa are enumerated for each habitat sampled. Rotenone and visual census data are compared. While visual surveys accumulated more species per unit of effort, rotenone samples accumulated more species by area. Only 36% of the 228 species sampled with rotenone were visually detected, while 70% of the 115 species visually detected were also collected with rotenone. The use of rotenone is controversial but important for obtaining reasonably complete inventories of reef fishes. Misconceptions about rotenone and the advantages and limitations of alternative biodiversity assessment methods are discussed. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Smith-Vaniz, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM bill_smith-vaniz@usgs.gov RI Rocha, Luiz/C-5107-2011 NR 69 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 79 IS 1 BP 17 EP 48 PG 32 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 073VJ UT WOS:000239770400002 ER PT J AU Quattrini, AM Ross, SW AF Quattrini, Andrea M. Ross, Steve W. TI Fishes associated with North Carolina shelf-edge hardbottoms and initial assessment of a proposed marine protected area SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; CORAL-REEF FISH; UNITED-STATES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PTEROIS-VOLITANS; ONSLOW BAY; HABITAT; COMMUNITIES; GULF; ASSEMBLAGES AB Fish community data are limited from deeper shelf-edge hardbottoms along the southeastern U.S. continental shelf. This lack of data hampers the design of recently proposed marine protected areas (MPAs) on the outer shelf of the southeastern U.S. During 2001-2004, sampling was conducted (57-253 m) to describe habitats and fish communities within and outside of the North Carolina proposed MPA (p-MPA) using the JOHNSON-SEA-LINK submersible, remotely operated vehicles, otter trawls, and hook and line. Habitats observed included soft substrate or non-hardbottom (NH), a shipwreck ("Snowy Wreck"), low relief hardbottoms (LRH), boulder fields (BF), and high relief ledges (HRL), the latter of which were divided into three microhabitats. Non-metric, multi-dimensional scaling indicated that hardbottom fish assemblages were distinct from NH, and fish assemblages among microhabitats on HRL were different. In total, 152 fish species were documented. Thirty-five species were observed only on NH and 117 were observed on hardbottoms and the Snowy Wreck. Several species of anthiines were the most abundant fishes on most hardbottoms, whereas triglids, synodontids, and Seriola spp. were abundant on NH. Species richness was highest on HRL, and species composition was unique at the Snowy Wreck (238-253 m) and on BE Future shelf-edge hardbottom research should include more standardized surveys using direct observations. Further, we recommend that the boundaries of the North Carolina p-MPA be redrawn to include more hardbottom habitat. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Quattrini, AM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. EM quattrinia@uncw.edu; rosss@uncw.edu NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 79 IS 1 BP 137 EP 163 PG 27 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 073VJ UT WOS:000239770400008 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, JKH Vondracek, B AF Zimmerman, Julie K. H. Vondracek, Bruce TI Interactions of slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) with native and nonnative trout: consequences for growth SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BROWN TROUT; BROOK TROUT; SALMO-TRUTTA; MINNESOTA STREAM; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; PRODUCTION DYNAMICS; SIBERIAN SCULPIN; TROPHIC CASCADES; RAINBOW-TROUT; UNITED-STATES AB We examined growth of native slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus), native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and nonnative brown trout (Salmo trutta) to investigate potential interactions of a native nongame fish with native and nonnative trout. Enclosures (1 m(2)) were stocked with five treatments (juvenile brown trout with sculpin, juvenile brook trout with sculpin, and single species controls) at three densities. Treatments (with replication) were placed in riffles in Valley Creek, Minnesota, and growth rates were measured for six experiments. We examined the difference in growth of each species in combined species treatments compared with each species alone. We did not find evidence of inter actions between brook trout and sculpin, regardless of density or fish size. However, sculpin gained greater mass when alone than with brown trout when sculpin were > 16 g. Likewise, brown trout grew more when alone than with sculpin when brown trout were > 24 g. In contrast, brown trout <= 5 g grew more with sculpin compared with treatments alone. We suggest that native brook trout and sculpin coexist without evidence of competition, whereas nonnative brown trout may compete with sculpin. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Zimmerman, JKH (reprint author), SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM jzimmerman@tnc.org NR 53 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 63 IS 7 BP 1526 EP 1535 DI 10.1139/F06-054 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 066ZV UT WOS:000239270600010 ER PT J AU Hill, MS Zydlewski, GB Gale, WL AF Hill, Megan S. Zydlewski, Gayle Barbin Gale, William L. TI Comparisons between hatchery and wild steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts: physiology and habitat use SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; CUTTHROAT TROUT; BROWN TROUT; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; PRIOR RESIDENCE; RAINBOW-TROUT; STREAMS; SURVIVAL AB Hatchery steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts, progeny of a newly founded native origin broodstock, were released into Abernathy Creek, Washington, in 2003 and 2004. After release, saltwater tolerance, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity, and habitat use were compared. A subsample of hatchery and wild steelhead trout were implanted with 23 mm passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags each year. PIT-tagged migrants were used for physiological comparisons. Hatchery fish were significantly larger than wild fish. Hatchery migrants expressed significantly lower levels of gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity than wild migrants. After a 24 h seawater challenge, hatchery migrants had significantly higher plasma osmolality and [Na+] than wild migrants. Microhabitat use of PIT-tagged hatchery and wild individuals in a control (wild fish only) and effect (hatchery and wild fish) site were compared before and after the introduction of hatchery fish. No difference was detected in hatchery and wild smolt habitat use. Wild fish did not change their habitat use after the introduction of hatchery fish. Although hatchery and wild fish differed in smolt physiology, differences in short-term use of freshwater habitat were not detected, and hatchery fish did not appear to displace wild fish. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Hill, MS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mshill@uga.edu NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 28 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 63 IS 7 BP 1627 EP 1638 DI 10.1139/F06-061 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 066ZV UT WOS:000239270600018 ER PT J AU Madejon, P Murillo, JM Maranon, T Espinar, JL Cabrera, F AF Madejon, P. Murillo, J. M. Maranon, T. Espinar, J. L. Cabrera, F. TI Accumulation of As, Cd and selected trace elements in tubers of Scirpus maritimus L. from Donana marshes (South Spain) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Bolboschoenus maritimus; heavy metals; Aznalcollar; mine spill; macrophytes; greylag goose; wetlands ID AZNALCOLLAR MINE SPILL; MEDITERRANEAN SALT-MARSH; HEAVY-METAL POLLUTION; GEESE ANSER-ANSER; TAILING ACCIDENT; WEST SPAIN; SW SPAIN; PLANTS; FOOD; CONTAMINATION AB The collapse of a pyrite-mining, tailing dam on 1998 contaminated an area of 4286 ha along the Agrio and Guadiamar river valleys in southern Spain. Over 2700 ha of the Donana marshes, an important wintering area for wetland European birds, were contaminated. This study reports analyses of the tubers of Scirpus maritimus (an important food for greylag geese, Anser anser) collected in 2000 in the "Entremuros" (spill-affected area) and in nearby unaffected Donana marshes (control areas). In the spill-affected area mean tuber tissue concentrations of Cd (0.25 mg kg(-1)) and Zn (61 mg kg(-1)) were greater than in those tubers from the control area (0.02 mg kg(-1) for Cd, and 22 mg kg(-1) for Zn); values of Cd and Zn in "Entremuros" (samples collected two years after the mine spill) were much smaller than those reported only a few months after the accident. Trace elements (As, Fe, Mn and TI, and to a lesser extent Cd and Pb) showed a preferential accumulation in the outer skin of tubers. Surprisingly, concentrations of As and Fe were greater in tubers from some marsh sites not affected by the mine-spill than in tubers from the "Entremuros". We suggest that relic river channels within the Donana marshes may be contaminated by trace elements from historic mining activities. An exhaustive study of macrophytes and other plant species in this area is recommended to identify potential risks to wildlife. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, IRNAS, E-41080 Seville, Spain. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Biol & Earth Sci, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. USGS Natl Wetland Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Murillo, JM (reprint author), CSIC, IRNAS, POB 1052, E-41080 Seville, Spain. EM murillo@irnase.csic.es RI Maranon, Teodoro/K-6648-2014; Murillo, Jose M/K-6410-2014 OI Maranon, Teodoro/0000-0002-7751-9316; MADEJON, PAULA/0000-0002-8641-8293; Murillo, Jose M/0000-0001-6937-6426 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 2006 VL 64 IS 5 BP 742 EP 748 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.032 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 069YH UT WOS:000239484900006 PM 16403558 ER PT J AU Choudhury, A Charipar, E Nelson, P Hodgson, JR Bonar, S Cole, RA AF Choudhury, Anindo Charipar, Elizabeth Nelson, Patrick Hodgson, James R. Bonar, Scott Cole, Rebecca A. TI Update on the distribution of the invasive Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, in the US and Canada SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; COLORADO RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PARASITES; ARIZONA; PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA; CESTODA AB The documented range of the invasive and potentially pathogenic Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 in the United States and Canada is updated based on examination of museum depositions and original field collections. Gravid specimens of B. acheilognathi were collected from the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque in Peter Lake, at the University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center (UNDERC) Land o' Lakes, Wisconsin. A single immature specimen of the parasite was collected from a white bass, Morone chrysops (Rafinesque) in Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. This is the first record of B. acheilognathi in Canada and extends its northern range in the interior of the continent by more than 600 miles over the last documented record. The previous record of B. acheilognathi in Canada, from the northern pikeminnow, Ptychocheilus oregonensis in British Columbia, is a misidentification of Eubothrium tulipai. Examination of selected records of intestinal cestodes from native cyprinids. in the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology (HWML, n = 9) collection and in the United States National Parasite Collection (USNPC, n = 8), provided evidence of the parasite in Nebraska and possibly in the upper Colorado River basin. Introductions into Wisconsin-Michigan were due to the stocking of golden shiners, whereas the source of the introduction in Manitoba remains unknown. C1 St Norbert Coll, Div Nat Sci, De Pere, WI 54115 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Zool, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Choudhury, A (reprint author), St Norbert Coll, Div Nat Sci, 100 Grant St, De Pere, WI 54115 USA. EM anindo.choudhury@snc.edu NR 24 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1654/4240.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 077EH UT WOS:000240010100018 ER PT J AU Grossman, EE Eittreim, SL Field, ME Wong, FL AF Grossman, E. E. Eittreim, S. L. Field, M. E. Wong, F. L. TI Shallow stratigraphy and sedimentation history during high-frequency sea-level changes on the central California shelf SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE shelf; sediment; accumulation; sea level; model; Holocene; Pleistocene; California ID NATIONAL-MARINE-SANCTUARY; MONTEREY-BAY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SANTA-CRUZ; SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; AGE CALIBRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FLOOR GEOLOGY; TRANSPORT AB Analyses of high-resolution seismic-reflection data and sediment cores indicate that all extensive sediment deposit oil the central California continental shelf is comprised of several late-Pleistocene to Holocene age facies. Offshore of the littoral zone, in water depths of 30-90 m. a 3-6 m thick veneer of fine sediment referred to as the mid-shelf mudbelt has formed along 50-100km of the coast. The mudbelt drapes a parasequence characterized by prograding clinoforrns that in places overlies a 1-3 in thick basal transgressive lag deposit. These facies overlie it prominent erosional unconformity that extends front the shore to the Outer shelf. Eighteen calibrated C-14(AMS) ages of marine Molluscs and terrestrial wood detritus sampled in cores range 15,800 yr BP to modern indicating a postglacial age for these sediments (one > 55.000 yr BP represents relict sand). We model accumulation of these facies using (1) the topography of the underlying erosional unconformity interpreted from seismic reflection profiles, (2) observed sediment facies (grain size) distribution across the shelf (a proxy for wave/current sediment partitioning). and published estimates of (3) eustatic sea-level history, and (4) regional tectonics. Our model and data indicate that deposition of the transgressive lag began during early, slow postglacial sea-level rise and that a notable change in depositional environment occurred across all area of more than 200 kill 2 of the outer shelf likely in response to abrupt drowning during Meltwater Pulse I B (11,500 yr BP). We propose that rapid progradation of clinoforms may have occurred during transgression because of the unique interaction of modest rates of sediment input and tectonic uplift. variable rates of eustatic sea-level rise and a complex stepped antecedent topography. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Grossman, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM egrossman@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1217 EP 1239 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2006.04.001 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 063BR UT WOS:000238991400008 ER PT J AU Ackerly, DD Schwilk, DW Webb, CO AF Ackerly, D. D. Schwilk, D. W. Webb, C. O. TI Niche evolution and adaptive radiation: Testing the order of trait divergence SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive radiation; Ceanothus; Cerastes; Coast Range; community assembly; Euceanothus; habitat; niche conservatism; phylogenetic comparative methods; specific leaf area; Sierra Nevada; trait divergence; Transverse Range ID PHYLOGENETICALLY INDEPENDENT CONTRASTS; GENUS CEANOTHUS RHAMNACEAE; MEADOW PLANT-COMMUNITIES; WORLD LEAF WARBLERS; CORRELATED EVOLUTION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; ABSOLUTE RATES; DIVERSIFICATION; CONSERVATISM AB In the course of an adaptive radiation, the evolution of niche parameters is of particular interest for understanding modes of speciation and the consequences for coexistence of related species within communities. We pose a general question: In the course of an evolutionary radiation, do traits related to within-community niche differences (a niche) evolve before or after differentiation of macrohabitat affinity or climatic tolerances (beta niche)? Here we introduce a new test to address this question, based on a modification of the method of independent contrasts. The divergence order test (DOT) is based on the average age of the nodes on a tree, weighted by the absolute magnitude of the contrast at each node for a particular trait. The comparison of these weighted averages reveals whether large divergences for one trait have occurred earlier or later in the course of diversification, relative to a second trait; significance is determined by bootstrapping from maximum-likelihood ancestral state reconstructions. The method is applied to the evolution of Ceanothus, a woody plant group in California, in which co-occurring species exhibit significant differences in a key leaf trait (specific leaf area) associated with contrasting physiological and life history strategies. Co-occurring species differ more for this trait than expected under a null model of community assembly. This a niche difference evolved early in the divergence of two major subclades within Ceanothus, whereas climatic distributions (beta niche traits) diversified later within each of the subclades. However, rapid evolution of climate parameters makes inferences of early divergence events highly uncertain, and differentiation of the beta niche might have taken place. throughout the evolution of the group, without leaving a clear phylogenetic signal. Similar patterns observed in several plant and animal groups suggest that early divergence of a niche traits might be a common feature of niche evolution in many adaptive radiations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, WERC, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA USA. Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Ackerly, DD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dackerly@berkeley.edu RI Ackerly, David/A-1247-2009 OI Ackerly, David/0000-0002-1847-7398 NR 73 TC 130 Z9 134 U1 4 U2 91 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2006 VL 87 IS 7 SU S BP S50 EP S61 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 071MS UT WOS:000239606900006 PM 16922302 ER PT J AU Guo, QF Qian, H Ricklefs, RE Xi, WM AF Guo, QF Qian, H Ricklefs, RE Xi, WM TI Distributions of exotic plants in eastern Asia and North America SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE competition; distribution; ecological release; enemy release; habitat suitability; human activity; invasive species; plant introductions; range area ID TEMPERATE PLANTS; INVASIVE PLANTS; GLOBAL PATTERNS; DIVERSITY; INVASIBILITY; RESISTANCE; BIODIVERSITY; RICHNESS; RELEASE; SUCCESS AB Although some plant traits have been linked to invasion success, the possible effects of regional factors, such as diversity, habitat suitability, and human activity are not well understood. Each of these mechanisms predicts a different pattern of distribution at the regional scale. Thus, where climate and soils are similar, predictions based on regional hypotheses for invasion success can be tested by comparisons of distributions in the source and receiving regions. Here, we analyse the native and alien geographic ranges of all 1567 plant species that have been introduced between eastern Asia and North America or have been introduced to both regions from elsewhere. The results reveal correlations between the spread of exotics and both the native species richness and transportation networks of recipient regions. This suggests that both species interactions and human-aided dispersal influence exotic distributions, although further work on the relative importance of these processes is needed. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie WRC, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Illinois State Museum, Res & Collect Ctr, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Guo, QF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie WRC, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM qguo@usgs.gov RI Guo, Qinfeng/A-8034-2009 NR 43 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 9 IS 7 BP 827 EP 834 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00938.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 052SF UT WOS:000238253500010 PM 16796573 ER PT J AU Howard, RJ Rafferty, PS AF Howard, RJ Rafferty, PS TI Clonal variation in response to salinity and flooding stress in four marsh macrophytes of the northern gulf of Mexico, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE clonal variation; coastal wetlands; gulf of Mexico coast; flooding; growth; salinity; stress; tolerance ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA LOISEL; TAXODIUM-DISTICHUM SEEDLINGS; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; SALT TOLERANCE; POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; TYPHA-LATIFOLIA; WATER DEPTH; GROWTH AB Intraspecific variation in stress tolerance can be an important factor influencing plant population structure in coastal wetland habitats. We studied clones of four species of emergent marsh macrophytes native to the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico in Louisiana, USA, to examine variation in response to salinity and flooding stress under controlled greenhouse conditions. Clones of Distichlis spicata, Phragmites australis, Schoenoplectus californicus, and Schoenoplectus robustus were collected across the coastal zone of Louisiana. After vegetative propagation through at least three generations to remove acclimation to field conditions, four to six clones of each species were selected for use in the experiment. Treatments consisted of three salinity levels and two water depths, and species were assigned to either a brackish marsh (P australis, S. californicus) or salt marsh (D. spicata, S. robustus) group for treatment application. Treatment effects on plant growth (stein number. total height. and mean height, and aboveground and belowground biomass) were examined, and physicochemical characteristics within treatments (redox potential, and interstitial water pH salinity, temperature, and nutrients) were monitored. Clonal variation in growth was indicated in all species, and was more pronounced in D. spicata and P. australis than in S. californicus and S. robustus. Distichlis spicata and P australis clones were assigned to relative categories of low, intermediate, and high tolerance to the imposed stressors. Similar generalizations on clonal stress tolerance were not possible for the two Schoenoplectus species. Overall species response to imposed stressors was also identified through non-statistical comparisons. Phragmites australis was more tolerant than S. californicus of increased salinity. Distichlis spicata was more tolerant of increased salinity but less tolerant of increased water depth than was S. robustus. Our results suggest that information on species and clone variations in growth and tolerance to salinity and flooding stressors can be used to select a variety of plant materials suitable for wetland restoration projects. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Howard, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM rebecca_howard@usgs.gov NR 66 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 56 IS 3 BP 301 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.03.003 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 045VQ UT WOS:000237771200010 ER PT J AU Custer, CM Custer, TW Warburton, D Hoffman, DJ Bickham, JW Matson, CW AF Custer, Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. Warburton, David Hoffman, David J. Bickham, John W. Matson, Cole W. TI Trace element concentrations and bioindicator responses in tree swallows from northwestern Minnesota SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge; mercury; Minnesota; Tachycineta bicolor; trace elements; tree swallows ID GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM; TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; OXIDATIVE STRESS; EXPERIMENTAL RESERVOIR; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SELENIUM LEVELS; HEAVY-METALS; CLUTCH SIZE; MERCURY; USA AB Extremely high concentrations of cadmium (3.5 mu g/g dry wgt.) and elevated concentrations of chromium (> 10 mu g/g dry wgt.) and mercury (1.6 mu g/g dry wgt.) were reported in waterbird tissues at Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge in northwestern Minnesota in 1994. Tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) were studied during 1998-2001 at three drainages into the Refuge, two pools on the Refuge, and at a nearby reference location to document whether high levels of contaminants were still present, and if so to quantify the source and severity of the contamination. Trace elements were measured in tree swallow eggs, livers, and diet. Reproductive success and bioindicator responses were monitored. In 2000, water was drawn down on Agassiz Pool, one of the main pools on the Refuge. This presented an opportunity to evaluate the response of trace element concentrations in the diet and tissues of tree swallows after reflooding. High concentrations of trace elements were not detected in swallow tissues, nor were there differences among locations. Less than 20% of swallow samples had detectable concentrations of cadmium or chromium. Mercury concentrations were low and averaged < 0.25 mu g/g dry wgt. in swallow tissues. Trace elements, including mercury, did not increase in tree swallows following the 2000 drawdown at Agassiz Pool. Hatching success and survival of nestlings to 12 days-of-age for tree swallows on the Refuge were similar to the national average and consistent with background trace element concentrations. Bioindicator measurements were within the normal ranges as well. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, MN 55425 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Custer, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ccuster@usgs.gov RI Matson, Cole/F-7992-2010; Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Matson, Cole/0000-0002-6472-9357; Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 118 IS 1-3 BP 247 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-1499-1 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 092XI UT WOS:000241130500017 PM 16897545 ER PT J AU McCarthy, K AF McCarthy, Kathleen TI Assessment of the usefulness of semipermeable membrane devices for long-term watershed monitoring in an urban slough system SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE exposure-adjustment factors; hydrophobics; long-term monitoring; passive sampling; permeability/performance reference compounds; semipermeable membrane devices AB Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed at eight sites within the Buffalo Slough, near Portland, Oregon, to (1) measure the spatial and seasonal distribution of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and organochlorine (OC) compounds in the slough, (2) assess the usefulness of SPMDs as a tool for investigating and monitoring hydrophobic compounds throughout the Columbia Slough system, and (3) evaluate the utility of SPMDs as a tool for measuring the long-term effects of watershed improvement activities. Data from the SPMDs revealed clear spatial and seasonal differences in water quality within the slough and indicate that for hydrophobic compounds, this time-integrated passive-sampling technique is a useful tool for long-term watershed monitoring. In addition, the data suggest that a spiking rate of 2-5 mu g/SPMD of permeability/performance reference compounds, including at least one compound that is not susceptible to photodegradation, may be optimum for the conditions encountered here. C1 US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97216 USA. RP McCarthy, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10615 SE Cherry Blossom Dr, Portland, OR 97216 USA. EM mccarthy@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 118 IS 1-3 BP 293 EP 318 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-1502-x PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 092XI UT WOS:000241130500019 PM 16897547 ER PT J AU Custer, CM Read, LB AF Custer, CM Read, LB TI Polychlorinated biphenyl congener patterns in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting in the Housatonic River watershed, western Massachusetts, USA, using a novel statistical approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE tree swallows; PCB congeners; Housatonic River; Tachycineta bicolor; Euclidean distance metric ID CONTAMINANTS; SEDIMENT; TRENDS; BIRDS; EGGS; BIOACCUMULATION; SIMILARITY; WISCONSIN; EXPOSURE; RESIDENT AB A novel application of a commonly used statistical approach was used to examine differences in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener Patterns among locations and sample matrices in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting in the Housatonic River watershed in western Massachusetts. USA. The most prevalent PCB congeners in tree swallow tissue samples from the Housatonic River watershed were Ballsmitter Zell numbers 153. 138 180, 187 149, 101, and 170. These congeners were seven of the eight most prevalent congeners in Aroclor (R) 1260, the PCB mixture that was the primary source of contamination in the Housatonic River system. Using paired-Euclidean distances and tolerance limits, it was demonstrated that conuener patterns in swallow tissues from sites on the main stem of the Housatonic River were more similar to one another than to two sites upstream of the contamination or from a nearby reference area. The congener patterns also differed between the reference area and the two upstream tributaries and between the two tributaries. These pattern differences were the same in both pipper (eggs or just hatched nestlings) and 12-day-old nestling samples. Lower-chlorinated congeners appeared to be metabolized in nestlings and pippers compared to diet. and metabolized more in pippers compared to nestlings. Euclidean distances and tolerance limits provide a simple and statistically valid method to compare PCB congener patterns among groups. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. TerraStat Consulting Grp, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. RP Custer, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ccuster@usgs.gov; lorraine@premier1.net RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014 NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 142 IS 2 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.011 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 045WA UT WOS:000237772200006 PM 16377044 ER PT J AU Bennett, JP Jepsen, EA Roth, JA AF Bennett, JP Jepsen, EA Roth, JA TI Field responses of Prunus serotina and Asclepias syriaca to ozone around southern Lake Michigan SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone; milkweed; black cherry; lake Michigan; classification and regression tree (CART); growth; foliar injury ID MOUNTAINS NATIONAL-PARK; OXIDANT AIR-POLLUTION; BLACK-CHERRY; AMBIENT OZONE; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; FRAXINUS-AMERICANA; FOLIAR INJURY; UNITED-STATES; SUGAR MAPLE; GROWTH AB Higher ozone concentrations east of southern Lake Michigan compared to west of the lake were used to test hypotheses about injury and growth effects on two plant species. We measured approximately 1000 black cherry trees and over 3000 milkweed stems from 1999 to 2001 for this purpose. Black cherry branch elongation and milkweed growth and pod formation were significantly higher west of Lake Michigan while ozone injury was greater east of Lake Michigan. Using classification and regression tree (CART) analyses we determined that departures from normal precipitation, soil nitrogen and ozone exposure/peak hourly concentrations were the most important variables affecting cherry branch elongation, and milkweed stem height and pod formation. The effects of ozone were not consistently comparable with the effects of soil nutrients, weather, insect or disease injury, and depended on species. Ozone SUM06 exposures greater than 13 ppm-h decreased cherry branch elongation 18%; peak 1-h exposures greater than 93 ppb reduced milkweed stem height 13%; and peak 1-h concentrations greater than 98 ppb reduced pod formation 11% in milkweed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Air Management, Madison, WI 53707 USA. RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jpbennet@wisc.edu NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 142 IS 2 BP 354 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.09.024 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 045WA UT WOS:000237772200018 PM 16343714 ER PT J AU Hensel, DR Frans, LM AF Hensel, DR Frans, LM TI Regional Kendall test for trend SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY TIME-SERIES; WATER-QUALITY; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; TEMPORAL TRENDS; UNITED-STATES; GROUNDWATER; SALINITY; LAKE AB Trends in environmental variables are often investigated within a study region at more than one site. At each site, a trend analysis determines whether a trend has occurred. Yet often also of interest is whether a consistent trend is evident throughout the entire region. This paper adapts the Seasonal Kendall trend test to determine whether a consistent regional trend occurs in environmental variables. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Hensel, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM dhelsel@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 13 BP 4066 EP 4073 DI 10.1021/es051650b PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058DQ UT WOS:000238645400012 ER PT J AU Mahler, BJ Van Metre, PC Callender, E AF Mahler, Barbara J. Van Metre, Peter C. Callender, Edward TI Trends in metals in urban and reference lake sediments across the United States, 1970 to 2001 SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metals; sediment; trends; lakes; cores ID ANTHROPOGENIC LEAD; CONTAMINATION; MERCURY; HISTORY; CORES; ZINC; DIAGENESIS; DEPOSITION; CALIFORNIA; PARTICLES AB Trends in metals concentrations in sediment cores from 35 reservoirs and lakes in urban and reference settings were analyzed to determine the effects of three decades of legislation, regulation, and changing demographics and industrial practices in the United States on concentrations of metals in the environment. Decreasing trends outnumber increasing trends for all seven metals analyzed (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, and Zn). The most consistent trends are for Pb and Cr: For Pb, 83% of the lakes have decreasing trends and 6% have increasing trends; for Cr, 54% of the lakes have decreasing trends and none have increasing trends. Mass accumulation rates of metals in cores, adjusted for background concentrations, decrease from the 1970s to the 1990s, with median changes ranging from -46% (Pb) to -3% (Hg and Zn). The largest decreases are from lakes in dense urban watersheds where the overall metals contamination in recently deposited sediments has decreased to one-half its 1970s median value. However, anthropogenic mass accumulation rates in dense urban lakes remain elevated over those in lakes in undeveloped watersheds, in some cases by as much as two orders of magnitude (Cr, Cu, and Zn), indicating that urban fluvial source signals can overwhelm those from regional atmospheric sources. C1 US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Mahler, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, 8027 Exchange Dr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM bjmahler@usgs.gov OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 51 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 28 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1698 EP 1709 DI 10.1897/05-459R.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 083AV UT WOS:000240429200002 PM 16833128 ER PT J AU Vyas, NB Spann, JW Hulse, CS Borges, SL Bennett, RS Torrez, M Williams, BI Leffel, R AF Vyas, Nimish B. Spann, James W. Hulse, Craig S. Borges, Shannon L. Bennett, Richard S. Torrez, Martin Williams, Bruce I. Leffel, Robert TI Field evaluation of an avian risk assessment model SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE birds; cholinesterase; mortality; residues; risk quotient ID CANADA GEESE; CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; INSECTICIDE RESIDUES; NORTHERN BOBWHITE; TURF APPLICATION; DIAZINON AG500; PESTICIDE; CONSEQUENCES; MORTALITY; PARATHION AB We conducted two laboratory subacute dietary toxicity tests and one outdoor subacute dietary toxicity test to determine the effectiveness of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's deterministic risk assessment model for evaluating the potential of adverse effects to birds in the field. We tested technical-grade diazinon and its D.Z.N (R) 50W (50% diazinon active ingredient wettable powder) formulation on Canada goose (Branta canadensis) goslings. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was measured, and the feathers and skin, feet, and gastrointestinal contents were analyzed for diazinon residues. The dose-response curves showed that diazinon was significantly more toxic to goslings in the outdoor test than in the laboratory tests. The deterministic risk assessment method identified the potential for risk to birds in general, but the factors associated with extrapolating from the laboratory to the field, and from the laboratory test species to other species, resulted in the underestimation of risk to the goslings. The present study indicates that laboratory-based risk quotients should be interpreted with caution. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eastern Shore Virginia Natl Wildlife Refuge, Cape Charles, VA 23310 USA. RP Vyas, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nimish_vyas@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1762 EP 1771 DI 10.1897/05-230R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 083AV UT WOS:000240429200010 PM 16833136 ER PT J AU Amweg, EL Weston, DP Johnson, CS You, J Lydy, MJ AF Amweg, Erin L. Weston, Donald P. Johnson, Cathy S. You, Jing Lydy, Michael J. TI Effect of piperonyl butoxide on permethrin toxicity in the amphipod Hyalella azteca SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pyrethroid; piperonyl butoxide; Hyalella azteca; synergism ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CENTRAL VALLEY; RESISTANCE; PESTICIDES; CALIFORNIA; WATER; SEDIMENT; CHLORPYRIFOS AB Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is a synergist of pyrethroid pesticides found in many products for structural pest control, mosquito control, and home and garden uses. Because both PBO and pyrethroid residues potentially co-occur in urban creeks, this study determined if environmental levels of PBO were capable of synergizing pyrethroids in the environment. Three types of toxicity tests were conducted with the amphipod Hyalella azteca to determine the minimum PBO concentration required to increase toxicity of the pyrethroid permethrin: Sediment was spiked with permethrin only; permethrin and overlying water spiked with PBO; and permethrin, PBO, and overlying water spiked with PBO. In tests with PBO added to both water and sediment, PBO concentrations of 2.3 mu g/L in water and 12.5 mu g/kg in sediment reduced the permethrin median lethal concentration (LC50) nearly 50% to 7.3 mg/kg organic carbon (OC). Higher concentrations of PBO increased permethrin toxicity up to sevenfold. In exposures with PBO in water alone, 11.3 mu g/L was required to increase permethrin toxicity. Urban creek sediments from California and Tennessee, USA, had PBO concentrations in the low mu g/kg range; only one water sample was above the detection limit of 0.05 mu g/L. Wetlands in northern California also were sampled after application of pyrethrins and PBO for mosquito abatement. Sediment and water PBO concentrations within 12 It of abatement spraying peaked at 3.27 mu g/kg and 0.08 mu g/L, respectively. These results suggest that environmental PBO concentrations rarely, if ever, reach concentrations needed to increase pyrethroid toxicity to sensitive organisms, though available data on environmental levels are very limited, and additional data are needed to assess definitively the risk. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Contaminants Div, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Amweg, EL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, 3060 Valley Life Sci Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM erinamweg@berkeley.edu RI You, Jing/A-6201-2009 OI You, Jing/0000-0002-4006-8339 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 16 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1817 EP 1825 DI 10.1897/05-440R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 083AV UT WOS:000240429200017 PM 16833143 ER PT J AU Lee, BG Lee, JS Luoma, SN AF Lee, Byeong-Gweon Lee, Jung-Suk Luoma, Samuel N. TI Comparison of selenium bioaccumulation in the clams Corbicula fluminea and Potamocorbula amurensis: A bioenergetic modeling approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE selenium; bioaccumulation; bioenergetic model; Corbicula fluminea; Potamocorbula amurensis ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; AMPHIPOD LEPTOCHEIRUS-PLUMULOSUS; SEDIMENT-BOUND METALS; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; MARINE BIVALVES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCIES; ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY; RUPPIA-MARITIMA; MACOMA-BALTHICA AB Selenium uptake from food (assimilation efficiency) and dissolved phase (influx rate) as well as loss kinetics (efflux rate) were compared between two bivalves, Corbicula fluminea and Potamocorbula amurensis. The effects of salinity and temperature on these kinetic parameters for both clam species also were evaluated. The Asiatic clam, C fluminea, more efficiently assimilated Se associated with algae (66-87%) than Se associated with oxic sediments (20-37%). However, no consistent difference was found between Se assimilation efficiencies from both food types (19-60%) for P. amurensis. The temperature and salinity had a minor influence on the Se assimilation from ingested food. However, the effects of temperature and salinity were more evident in the uptake from dissolved sources. The influx rate of Se(IV) increased by threefold with the increase of temperature from 5 to 21 degrees C for C. fluminea. The increase of salinity from 4 to 20 psu decreased the uptake rate constant (k(u)) of Se in P. amurensis from 0.011 to 0.005 L/g/h, whereas salinity change (0-8 psu) had a negligible effect on the Se influx rate of C. fluminea. The Se influx rate of P. amurensis decreased by half with the 3.5-fold increase in tissue dry weight. The rate constant of loss was greater for P. amurensis (0.029/d at 8 psu) than for C. fluminea (0.014/d at 0 psu and 0.01/d at 8 psu). A bioenergetic model suggests that dietary uptake is the dominant pathway for Se bioaccumulation in the two clams in San Francisco Bay and that interspecies differences in Se bioaccumulation can be explained by differences in food ingestion rates. C1 NeoEnBiz Co, Inst Environm Protect & Safety, Seoul 153783, South Korea. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), NeoEnBiz Co, Inst Environm Protect & Safety, Byeoksan Digital Valley 2,Rm 904, Seoul 153783, South Korea. EM bioassay@paran.com NR 40 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 14 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1933 EP 1940 DI 10.1897/05-540R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 083AV UT WOS:000240429200031 PM 16833157 ER PT J AU Love, MS Schroeder, DM Lenarz, W MacCall, A Bull, AS Thorsteinson, L AF Love, MS Schroeder, DM Lenarz, W MacCall, A Bull, AS Thorsteinson, L TI Potential use of offshore marine structures in rebuilding an overfished rockfish species, bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA BIGHT; SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; 7 OIL PLATFORMS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; ARTIFICIAL REEFS AB Although bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) was an economically important rockfish species along the west coast of North America, overfishing has reduced the stock to about 7.4% of its former unfished population. In 2003, using a manned research submersible, we conducted fish surveys around eight oil and gas platforms off southern California as part of an assessment of the potential value of these structures as fish habitat. From these surveys, we estimated that there was a minimum of 430,000 juvenile bocaccio at these eight structures. We determined this number to be about 20% of the average number of juvenile bocaccio that survive annually for the geographic range of the species. When these juveniles become adults, they will contribute about one percent (0.8%) of the additional amount of fish needed to rebuild the Pacific Coast population. By comparison, juvenile bocaccio recruitment to nearshore natural nursery grounds, as determined through regional scuba surveys, was low in the same year. This research demonstrates that a relatively small amount of artificial nursery habitat may be quite valuable in rebuilding an overfished species. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93160 USA. NOAA, NMFS Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. US Minerals Management Serv, Camarillo, CA 93010 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Love, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93160 USA. EM love@lifesci.ucsb.edu NR 17 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 104 IS 3 BP 383 EP 390 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 058CD UT WOS:000238641000007 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Millard, MJ Eyler, S AF Smith, DR Millard, MJ Eyler, S TI Abundance of adult horseshoe crabs (Limulus polylphemus) in Delaware Bay estimated from a bay-wide mark-recapture study SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; POLYPHEMUS; RATES AB Estimates of the abundance of American horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) are important to determine egg production and to manage populations for the energetic needs of shorebirds that feed on horseshoe crab eggs. In 2003, over 17,500 horseshoe crabs were tagged and released throughout Delaware Bay, and recaptured crabs came from spawning surveys that were conducted during peak spawning. We used two release cohorts to test for a temporary effect of tagging on spawning behavior and we adjusted the number of releases according to relocation rates from a telemetry study. The abundance estimate was 20 million horseshoe crabs (90% confidence interval: 13-28 million), of which 6.25 million (90% CI: 4.0-8.8 million) were females. The combined harvest rate for Delaware, New Jersey, Virginia, and Maryland in 2003 was 4% (90% CI: 3-6%) of the abundance estimate. Over-wintering of adults in Delaware Bay could explain, in part, differences in estimates from ocean-trawl surveys. Based on fecundity of 88,000 eggs per female, egg production was 5.5x10(11) (90% CI: 3.5x10(11), 7.7x10(11)), but egg availability for shorebirds also depended on overlap between horseshoe crab and shorebird migrations, density-dependent bioturbation, and wave-mediated vertical transport. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25443 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryland Fisheries Resources Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25443 USA. EM drsmith@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 104 IS 3 BP 456 EP 464 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 058CD UT WOS:000238641000014 ER PT J AU Lewan, MD Kotarba, MJ Curtis, JB Wieclaw, D Kosakowski, P AF Lewan, M. D. Kotarba, M. J. Curtis, J. B. Wieclaw, D. Kosakowski, P. TI Oil-generation kinetics for organic facies with Type-II and -IIS kerogen in the Menilite Shales of the Polish Carpathians SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HYDROUS-PYROLYSIS EXPERIMENTS; RIVER PETROLEUM SYSTEM; ROCK CORRELATIONS; GAS GENERATION; UINTA BASIN; INSIGHTS; TEMPERATURE; CRACKING AB The Menilite Shales (Oligocene) of the Polish Carpathians are the source of low-sulfur oils in the thrust belt and some high-sulfur oils in the Carpathian Foredeep. These oil occurrences indicate that the high-sulfur oils in the Foredeep were generated and expelled before major thrusting and the low-sulfur oils in the thrust belt were generated and expelled during or after major thrusting. Two distinct organic facies have been observed in the Menilite Shales. One organic facies has a high elastic sediment input and contains Type-II kerogen. The other organic facies has a lower clastic sediment input and contains Type-IIS kerogen. Representative samples of both organic facies were used to determine kinetic parameters for immiscible oil veneration by isothermal hydrous pyrolysis and S, generation by non-isothermal open-system pyrolysis. The derived kinetic parameters showed that timing of S, generation was not as different between the Type-IIS and -II kerogen based on open-system pyrolysis as compared with immiscible oil generation based on hydrous pyrolysis. Applying these kinetic parameters to a burial history in the Skole unit showed that some expelled oil would have been generated from the organic facies with Type-IIS kerogen before major thrusting with the hydrous-pyrolysis kinetic parameters but not with the open-system pyrolysis kinetic parameters. The inability of open-system pyrolysis to determine earlier petroleum generation from Type-IIS kerogen is attributed to the large polar-rich bitumen component in S, generation, rapid loss of sulfur free-radical initiators in the open system, and diminished radical selectivity and rate constant differences at higher temperatures. Hydrous-pyrolysis kinetic parameters are determined in the presence of water at lower temperatures in a closed system, which allows differentiation of bitumen and oil generation, interaction of free-radical initiators, greater radical selectivity, and more distinguishable rate constants as would occur during natural maturation. Kinetic parameters derived from hydrous pyrolysis show good correlations with one another (compensation effect) and kerogen organic-sulfur contents. These correlations allow for indirect determination of hydrous-pyrolysis kinetic parameters on the basis of the organic-sulfur mole fraction of an immature Type-II or -IIS kerogen. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Min & Met Krakow, Fac Geol Geophys & Environm Protect, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lewan, MD (reprint author), Denver Fed Ctr, US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 977, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mlewan@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 13 BP 3351 EP 3368 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.024 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 062SS UT WOS:000238965400011 ER PT J AU Major, JJ Mark, LE AF Major, JJ Mark, LE TI Peak flow responses to landscape disturbances caused by the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE Mount St. Helens; volcano; eruption; streamflow; hydrology; landscape disturbance; hydrologic response; tephra; landslide; debris flow; watershed ID WESTERN CASCADES; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; PYROCLASTIC SURGE; RUNOFF PROCESSES; UNITED-STATES; LARGE BASINS; OREGON; FOREST; INFILTRATION; TEPHRA AB Years of discharge measurements that precede and follow the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, provide an exceptional opportunity to examine the responses of peak flows to abrupt, widespread, devastating landscape disturbance. Multiple basins surrounding Mount St. Helens (300-1300 km(2) drainage areas) were variously disturbed by: (1) a debris avalanche that buried 60 km(2) of valley; (2) a lateral volcanic blast and associated pyroclastic flow that destroyed 550 km(2) of mature forest and blanketed the landscape with silt-capped lithic tephra; (3) debris flows that reamed riparian corridors and deposited tens to hundreds of centimeters of gravelly sand on valley floors; and (4) a Plinian tephra fall that blanketed areas proximal to the volcano with up to tens of centimeters of pumiceous silt, sand, and gravel. The spatially complex disturbances produced a variety of potentially compensating effects that interacted with and influenced hydrological responses. Changes to water transfer on hillslopes and to How storage and routing along channels both enhanced and retarded runoff. Rapid posteruption modifications of hillslope surface textures, adjustments of channel networks, and vegetation recovery, in conjunction with the complex nature of the eruptive impacts and strong seasonal variability in regional climate hindered a consistent or persistent shift in peak discharges. Overall, we detected a short-lived (5-10 yr) increase in the magnitudes of autumn and winter peak flows. In general, peak flows were larger, and moderate to large flows (> Q(2) (yr)) were more substantively affected than predicted by early modeling efforts. Proportional increases in the magnitudes of both small and large flows in basins subject to severe channel disturbances, but not in basins subject solely to hillslope disturbances, suggest that eruption-induced modifications to flow efficiency along alluvial channels that have very mobile beds differentially affected flows of various magnitudes and likely played a prominent, and additional, role affecting the nature of the hydrological response. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Major, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jjmajor@usgs.gov; lmark@vigil-agrimis.com OI Major, Jon/0000-0003-2449-4466 NR 106 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 22 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 118 IS 7-8 BP 938 EP 958 DI 10.1130/B25914.1 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 058XO UT WOS:000238698100010 ER PT J AU Kharaka, YK Cole, DR Hovorka, SD Gunter, WD Knauss, KG Freifeld, BM AF Kharaka, YK Cole, DR Hovorka, SD Gunter, WD Knauss, KG Freifeld, BM TI Gas-water-rock interactions in Frio Formation following CO2 injection: Implications for the storage of greenhouse gases in sedimentary basins SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2 storage; global warming; basinal formation water; chemical composition of fluid; Frio Formation ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEQUESTRATION; SURFACE AB To investigate the potential for the geologic storage of CO2 in saline sedimentary aquifers, 1600 t Of CO2 were injected at 1500 m depth into a 24-in-thick sandstone section of the Frio Formation, a regional brine and oil reservoir in the U.S. Gulf Coast. Fluid samples obtained from the injection and observation wells before CO2 injection showed a Na-CaCl-type brine with 93,000 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS) at near saturation with CH4 at reservoir conditions. Following CO2 breakthrough, samples showed sharp drops in pH (6.5-5.7), pronounced increases in alkalinity (100-3000 mg/L as HCO3) and Fe (30-1100 mg/L), and significant shifts in the isotopic compositions of H2O, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and CH4. Geochemical modeling indicates that brine pH would have dropped lower but for the buffering by dissolution of carbonate and iron oxyhydroxides. This rapid dissolution of carbonate and other minerals could ultimately create pathways in the rock seals or well cements for CO2 and brine leakage. Dissolution of minerals, especially iron oxyhydroxides, could mobilize toxic trace metals and, where residual oil or suitable organics are present, the injected CO2 could also mobilize toxic organic compounds. Environmental impacts could be major if large brine volumes with mobilized toxic metals and organics migrated into potable groundwater. The 8180 values for brine and CO2 samples indicate that supercritical CO2 comprises similar to 50% of pore-fluid volume similar to 6 mo after the end of injection. Postinjection sampling, coupled with geochemical modeling, indicates that the brine gradually will return to its preinjection composition. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. Alberta Res Council, Edmonton, AB T6N 1E4, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-427,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Freifeld, Barry/F-3173-2010; knauss, kevin/K-2827-2012 NR 12 TC 248 Z9 259 U1 12 U2 104 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2006 VL 34 IS 7 BP 577 EP 580 DI 10.1130/G22357.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 058XM UT WOS:000238697900017 ER PT J AU ten Brink, US Song, JL Bucknam, RC AF ten Brink, Uri S. Song, Jianli Bucknam, Robert C. TI Rupture models for the AD 900-930 Seattle fault earthquake from uplifted shorelines SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE shoreline uplift; roof ramp; Seattle fault; shoreline angle; paleogeodesy ID SOUTHERN PUGET-SOUND; WASHINGTON; ZONE; LOWLAND; SEISMICITY; CALIFORNIA; MECHANISM; HAZARDS; ISLAND; BASIN AB A major earthquake on the Seattle fault, Washington, ca. A.D. 900-930 was first inferred from uplifted shorelines and tsunami deposits. Despite follow-up geophysical and geological investigations, the rupture parameters of the earthquake and the geometry of the fault are uncertain. Here we estimate the fault geometry, slip direction, and magnitude of the earthquake by modeling shoreline elevation change. The best fitting model geometry is a reverse fault with a shallow roof ramp consisting of at least two back thrusts. The best fitting rupture is a SW-NE oblique reverse slip with horizontal shortening of 15 m, rupture depth of 12.5 km, and magnitude Mw = 7.5. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2006 VL 34 IS 7 BP 585 EP 588 DI 10.1130/G22173.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 058XM UT WOS:000238697900019 ER PT J AU Ralph, FM Neiman, PJ Wick, GA Gutman, SI Dettinger, MD Cayan, DR White, AB AF Ralph, F. Martin Neiman, Paul J. Wick, Gary A. Gutman, Seth I. Dettinger, Michael D. Cayan, Daniel R. White, Allen B. TI Flooding on California's Russian River: Role of atmospheric rivers SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; CALJET; MOUNTAINS; MOISTURE; WINTER; ENSO AB [1] Experimental observations collected during meteorological field studies conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration near the Russian River of coastal northern California are combined with SSM/I satellite observations offshore to examine the role of landfalling atmospheric rivers in the creation of flooding. While recent studies have documented the characteristics and importance of narrow regions of strong meridional water vapor transport over the eastern Pacific Ocean (recently referred to as atmospheric rivers), this study describes their impact when they strike the U. S. West Coast. A detailed case study is presented, along with an assessment of all 7 floods on the Russian River since the experimental data were first available in October 1997. In all 7 floods, atmospheric river conditions were present and caused heavy rainfall through orographic precipitation. Not only do atmospheric rivers play a crucial role in the global water budget, they can also lead to heavy coastal rainfall and flooding, and thus represent a key phenomenon linking weather and climate. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NOAA, ESRL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marty.ralph@noaa.gov RI White, Allen/A-7946-2009 NR 14 TC 178 Z9 179 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 13 AR L13801 DI 10.1029/2006GL026689 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 062IN UT WOS:000238937900007 ER PT J AU Mehl, S AF Mehl, Steffen TI Use of Picard and Newton iteration for solving nonlinear ground water flow equations SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; CONVERGENCE; MODEL AB This study examines the use of Picard and Newton iteration to solve the nonlinear, saturated ground water flow equation. Here, a simple three-node problem is used to demonstrate the convergence difficulties that can arise when solving the nonlinear, saturated ground water flow equation in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems with and without nonlinear boundary conditions. For these cases, the characteristic types of convergence patterns are examined. Viewing these convergence patterns as orbits of an attractor in a dynamical system provides further insight. It is shown that the nonlinearity that arises from nonlinear head-dependent boundary conditions can cause more convergence difficulties than the nonlinearity that arises from flow in an unconfined aquifer. Furthermore, the effects of damping on both convergence and convergence rate are investigated. It is shown that no single strategy is effective for all problems and how understanding pitfalls and merits of several methods can be helpful in overcoming convergence difficulties. Results show that Picard iterations can be a simple and effective method for the solution of nonlinear, saturated ground water flow problems. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Mehl, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM swmehl@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 BP 583 EP 594 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00207.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 058HE UT WOS:000238655300016 PM 16857036 ER PT J AU Weeks, EP AF Weeks, E. P. TI R.W. Stallman (1924-1977) - An underappreciated contributor to hydrogeology SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Weeks, EP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM epweeks@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 BP 618 EP 621 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00218.x PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 058HE UT WOS:000238655300022 PM 16857042 ER PT J AU Ross, DS AF Ross, DS TI A reexamination of the Sudbury landing SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE asteroids; comets; exobiology; geochemistry; prebiotic chemistry ID ORGANIC-MOLECULES; COMETARY DELIVERY; NOBLE-GASES; FULLERENES; PYROLYSIS; HELIUM; LIFE AB The arrival of the massive body that led to the Sudbury impact Structure has been interpreted as a relatively gentle event, with temperatures not exceeding 1300 K on the basis of the presence of fullerene-caged helium. Such teloperatures are well below the 10.000 K peaks suggested in large impact modeling. and in contrast to that higher temperature regime they can accommodate the survival of exogenous Precursors to life. A reexamination of the kinetics of the thermolysis of C-60-helium shows that the impact was probably not extraordinary, and yielded temperatures in the extreme range. Thermodynamic and kinetics arguments suggest, moreover. that the fullerenes were not extratertestrial in origin but produced during impact. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ross, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dsross3@yahoo.com NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL PY 2006 VL 183 IS 1 BP 233 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.02.017 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 054EU UT WOS:000238360400023 ER PT J AU Laidre, KL Estes, JA Tinker, MT Bodkin, J Monson, D Schneider, K AF Laidre, KL Estes, JA Tinker, MT Bodkin, J Monson, D Schneider, K TI Patterns of growth and body condition in sea otters from the Aleutian archipelago before and after the recent population decline SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age-independent mortality; age structure; Alaska; body condition; growth curves ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; AGE-STRUCTURE DATA; PREY AVAILABILITY; AMCHITKA ISLAND; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; ALASKA; SIZE; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; ECOSYSTEMS AB 1. Growth models for body mass and length were fitted to data collected from 1842 sea otters Enhydra lutris shot or live-captured throughout south-west Alaska between 1967 and 2004. Growth curves were constructed for each of two main year groups: 1967-71 when the population was at or near carrying capacity and 1992-97 when the population was in steep decline. Analyses of data collected from animals caught during 2004, when the population density was very low, were precluded by a small sample size and consequently only examined incidentally to the main growth curves. 2. Growth curves demonstrated a significant increase in body mass and body length at age in the 1990s. Asymptotic values of body mass were 12-18% higher in the 1990s than in the 1960s/70s, and asymptotic values for body length were 10-11% higher between the same periods. Data collected in 2004 suggest a continued increase in body size, with nearly all data points for mass and length falling significantly above the 1990s growth curves. 3. In addition to larger asymptotic values for mass and length, the rate of growth towards asymptotic values was more rapid in the 1990s than in the 1960s/70s: sea otters reached 95% of asymptotic body mass and body length 1-2 years earlier in the 1990s. 4. Body condition (as measured by the log mass/log length ratio) was significantly greater in males than in females. There was also an increasing trend from the 1960s/70s through 2004 despite much year-to-year variation. 5. Population age structures differed significantly between the 1960s/70s and the 1990s with the latter distribution skewed toward younger age classes (indicating an altered l(x) function) suggesting almost complete relaxation of age-dependent mortality patterns (i.e. those typical of food-limited populations). 6. This study spanned a period of time over which the population status of sea otters in the Aleutian archipelago declined precipitously from levels at or near equilibrium densities at some islands in the 1960s/70s to < 5% of estimated carrying capacity by the late 1990s. The results of this study indicate an improved overall health of sea otters over the period of decline and suggest that limited nutritional resources were not the cause of the observed reduced population abundance. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the decline was caused by increased killer whale predation. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Div Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Laidre, KL (reprint author), Danish Polar Ctr, Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Strandgade 100H, DK-1401 Copenhagen K, Denmark. EM kl@dpc.dk RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011; Monson, Daniel/N-4469-2013 OI Monson, Daniel/0000-0002-4593-5673 NR 51 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 75 IS 4 BP 978 EP 989 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01117.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 055YG UT WOS:000238486600015 PM 17009761 ER PT J AU Thomas, RM Miranda, LE Kirk, JP AF Thomas, R. Matthew Miranda, L. E. Kirk, J. P. TI Feasibility of an implantable capsule for limiting lifespan of grass carp SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fish management; grass carp control; Ctenopharyngodon idella; bioerodible polymers; rotenone ID SANTEE-COOPER RESERVOIRS; DRUG-CARRIER MATRICES; BIOERODIBLE POLYANHYDRIDES; CTENOPHARYNGODON-IDELLA; RELEASE CHARACTERISTICS; ALIPHATIC POLYESTERS; DELIVERY-SYSTEMS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOUTH-CAROLINA; LHRH ANALOGS AB The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is an herbivorous cyprinid stocked to control undesirable aquatic vegetation. However, stocking grass carp presents several problems including complete eradication of submersed aquatic vegetation, dispersal out of the target area, adverse effects on fish communities, and damage to waterfowl habitat and native vegetation. The purpose of this research was to consider the feasibility of an implantable capsule for limiting the lifespan of grass carp. Stainless steel dowel pins were inserted into 49 fish to identify the most appropriate site to implant the capsule. The throat region along the body's longitudinal axis was identified as the most suitable location because it resulted in minimal loss over an 8-month holding period. Rotenone solutions were injected into the ventral surface between the pelvic fins to determine the lethal dosage to 95% of the population (LD95). The LD95 for grass carp increased curvilinearly with fish weight. Four polymers that merit further evaluation in constructing the capsule are poly[bis(p-carboxy phenoxy) propane anhydride], poly[bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane anhydride], poly l-lactide, and poly (E-caprolactone). Implants are commonly used to deliver pharmaceutical products in medical and veterinarian applications, and have been used in fish. Developing a bioerodible capsule could increase the safety and flexibility of stocking grass carp for control of aquatic plants, and may also be applicable for management of other exotic species. C1 Teguesta Field Lab, Florida Wildlife Res Inst, Tequesta, FL 33469 USA. Mississippi State Univ, USGS Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Uni, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Dept Army Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Thomas, RM (reprint author), Teguesta Field Lab, Florida Wildlife Res Inst, POB 3478, Tequesta, FL 33469 USA. EM Mthomas_27@yahoo.com NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 BP 80 EP 89 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 103XL UT WOS:000241920400002 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RL Reheis, M Yount, J Lamothe, P AF Reynolds, RL Reheis, M Yount, J Lamothe, P TI Composition of aeolian dust in natural traps on isolated surfaces of the central Mojave Desert - Insights to mixing, sources, and nutrient inputs SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE aeolian dust; magnetite; magnetic properties; plant nutrients; Mojave Desert ID QUATERNARY CLIMATIC CHANGES; CIMA VOLCANIC FIELD; SOUTHERN NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; PEDOGENIC PROCESSES; CALIFORNIA; SOILS; DEPOSITION; USA AB The recognition and characterization of aeolian dust in soil contribute to a better understanding of landscape and ecosystem dynamics of drylands. Results of this study show that recently deposited dust, sampled in isolated, mostly high-ground settings, is chemically and mineralogically similar on varied geologic substrates over a large area (15000 km(2)) in the Mojave Desert. The silt-plus-clay fraction (fines) on these isolated surfaces is closely alike in magnetic-mineral composition, in contrast to greatly dissimilar magnetic compositions of rock surfaces of vastly different lithologies, on which the fines have accumulated. The fines, thus, are predominantly deposited dust. The amounts of potential nutrients in the sampled dust are much more uniform than might be provided by direct, local weathering of bedrock or by dust locally derived from nearby weathered products. The compositional similarity of the dust on these surfaces is interpreted to result from mixing of fines in the atmosphere as well as in fluvial, alluvial, and lacustrine depositional settings prior to dust emission. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Reynolds, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 980,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rreynolds@usgs.gov; mreheis@usgs.gov; yount@usgs.gov; plamothe@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 66 IS 1 BP 42 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.06.031 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 050EG UT WOS:000238069700004 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Herrick, JE AF Beever, EA Herrick, JE TI Effects of feral horses in Great Basin landscapes on soils and ants: Direct and indirect mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Equus caballus; Formica; Pogonomyrmex; Nevada; disturbance; conservation ID MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; HARVESTER ANTS; COMMUNITIES; INDICATORS; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; DENSITY; DESERT; RANGE AB We compared soil-surface penetration resistance and abundance of ant mounds at 12 western Great Basin sites (composed of 19 plots) either grazed by feral horses (Equus caballus) or having had horses removed for the last 10-14 years. Across this broad spatial domain (3.03 million ha), we minimized confounding due to abiotic factors by selecting horse-occupied and horse-removed sites with similar aspect, slope, fire history, grazing pressure by cattle (minimal to none), and dominant vegetation (Artemisia tridentata). During both 1997 and 1998, we found 2.2-8.4 times greater abundance of ant mounds and 3.0-15.4 times lower penetration resistance in soil surfaces at horse-removed sites. In 1998, thatched Formica ant mounds, which existed predominately at high elevations, were 3.3 times more abundant at horse-removed sites, although abundance varied widely among sites within treatments. Several types of analyses suggested that horses rather than environmental variability were the primary source of treatment differences we observed in ecosystem components. Tests of several predictions suggest that alterations occurred through not only direct effects, but also indirect effects and potentially feedback loops. Free-roaming horses as well as domestic grazers should be considered in conservation planning and land management in the Great Basin, an ecoregion that represents both an outstanding conservation opportunity and challenge. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Great Lakes Network, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM erik_beever@nps.gov NR 46 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 66 IS 1 BP 96 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.11.006 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 050EG UT WOS:000238069700008 ER PT J AU Lidz, BH AF Lidz, Barbara H. TI Pleistocene corals of the Florida keys: Architects of imposing Reefs - NVW. SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; eustatic apices; Florida Keys; Holocene transgression; Key Largo Limestone; Miami Limestone; outlier reefs; paleoenvironment; Pleistocene topography; sea level fluctuations; windward carbonate margin ID SEA-LEVEL RECORD; SOUTH FLORIDA; MARINE-SANCTUARY; PLATFORM MARGIN; LARGO LIMESTONE; WINDWARD-MARGIN; QUATERNARY; USA; ACCUMULATION; CHANNELS AB Five asymmetrical, discontinuous, stratigraphically successive Pleistocene reef tracts rim the windward platform margin off the Florida Keys. Built of large head corals, the reefs are imposing in relief (similar to 30 m high by 1 km wide), as measured from seismic profiles. Well dated to marine oxygen isotope substages 5c, 5b, and 5a, corals at depth are inferred to date to the Stage 6/5 transition. The size of these reefs attests to late Pleistocene conditions that repeatedly induced vigorous and sustained coral growth. In contrast, the setting today, linked to Florida Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, is generally deemed marginal for reef accretion. Incursion onto the reef tract of waters that contain seasonally inconsistent temperature, salinity, turbidity, and nutrient content impedes coral growth. Fluctuating sea level and consequent settings controlled deposition. The primary dynamic was position of eustatic zeniths relative to regional topographic elevations. Sea level during the past 150 ka reached a maximum of similar to 10.6 m higher than at present similar to 125 ka, which gave rise to an inland coral reef (Key Largo Limestone) and ooid complex (Miami Limestone) during isotope substage 5e. These formations now form the Florida Keys and a bedrock ridge beneath The Quicksands (Gulf of Mexico). High-precision radiometric ages and depths of dated corals indicate subsequent apices remained similar to 15 to 9 m, respectively, below present sea level. Those peaks provided accommodation space sufficient for vertical reef growth yet exposed a broad landmass landward of the reefs for > 100 ka. With time, space, lack of bay waters, and protection from the Gulf of Mexico, corals thrived in clear oceanic waters of the Gulf Stream, the only waters to reach them. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lidz, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM blidz@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 750 EP 759 DI 10.2112/06-0634.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 070TK UT WOS:000239547000003 ER PT J AU Larsen, CE Clark, I AF Larsen, Curtis E. Clark, Inga TI A search for scale in sea-level studies SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE relative sea level; atmospheric CO2; sea-level rise; basal peat; temperature reconstruction; global temperature; isostatic rebound; climate change ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; RISE; COAST; CONNECTICUT; ATMOSPHERE; CURVE AB Many researchers assume a proportional relationship among the atmospheric CO, concentration, temperature, and sea level. Thus, the rate of sea-level rise should increase in concert with the documented exponential increase in CO, Although sea surface temperature has increased in places over the past century and short-term sea level rose abruptly during the 1990s, it is difficult to demonstrate a proportional relationship using existing geologic or historic records. Tide gauge records in the United States cover too short a time interval to verify acceleration in the rate of sea-level rise, although multicentury tide gauge and staff records from the Netherlands and Sweden suggest a mid-19th-century acceleration in sea-level rise. Reconstructions of sea-level changes for the past 1000 years derived using benthic foraminifer data from salt marshes along the East Coast of the United States suggest an increased rate of relative sea-level rise beginning in the 1600s. Geologic records of relative sea-level rise for the past 6000 years are available for several sites along the US East Coast from C-14-dated basal peat below salt marshes and estuarine sediments. When these three scales of sea-level variation are integrated, adjusted for postglacial isostatic movement, and replotted, the range of variation in sea level suggested by basal peat ages is within +/- 1 meter of the long-term trend. The reconstruction from Long Island Sound data shows a linear rise in sea level beginning in the mid-1600s at a rate consistent with the historic record of mean high water. Long-term tide gauge records from Europe and North America show similar trends since the mid-19th century. There is no clear proportional exponential increase in the rate of sea-level rise. If proportionality exists among sea level, atmospheric CO, and temperature, there may be a significant time lag before an anthropogenic increase in the rate of sea-level rise occurs. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Larsen, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM clarsen@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 788 EP 800 DI 10.2112/03-0123.1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 070TK UT WOS:000239547000006 ER PT J AU Moore, LJ Ruggiero, P List, JH AF Moore, Laura J. Ruggiero, Peter List, Jeffrey H. TI Comparing mean high water and high, water line shorelines: Should proxy-datum offsets be incorporated into shoreline change analysis SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal erosion; lidar; coastal mapping; shoreline change ID AIRBORNE TOPOGRAPHIC LIDAR; LASER ALTIMETRY; BEACH; RECESSION; ACCURACY; POSITION; RUNUP AB More than one type of shoreline indicator can be used in shoreline change analyses, and quantifying the effects of this practice on the resulting shoreline change rates is important. Comparison of three high water line (proxy-based) shorelines and a mean high water intercept (datum-based) shoreline collected from simultaneous aerial photographic and lidar surveys of a relatively steep reflective beach (tan beta = 0.07), which experiences a moderately energetic wave climate (annual average H-s = 1.2 m), reveals an average horizontal offset of 18.8 m between the two types of shoreline indicators. Vertical offsets are also substantial and are correlated with foreshore beach slope and corresponding variations in wave runup. Incorporating the average horizontal offset into both a short-term, endpoint shoreline change analysis and a long-term, linear regression analysis causes rates to be shifted an average of -0.5 m/y and -0.1 m/y, respectively. The rate shift increases with increasing horizontal offset and decreasing measurement intervals and, depending on the rapidity of shoreline change rates, is responsible for varying degrees of analysis error. Our results demonstrate that under many circumstances, the error attributable to proxy-datum offsets is small relative to shoreline change rates and thus not important. Furthermore, we find that when the error associated with proxy-datum offsets is large enough to be important, the shoreline change rates themselves are not likely to be significant. A total water level model reveals that the high water line digitized by three independent coastal labs for this study was generated by a combination of large waves and a high tide several days before the collection of aerial photography. This illustrates the complexity of the high water line as a shoreline indicator and calls into question traditional definitions, which consider the high water line a wetted bound or "marks left by the previous high tide." C1 Oberlin Coll, Dept Geol, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Moore, LJ (reprint author), Oberlin Coll, Dept Geol, 52 W Lorain St, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. EM laura.moore@oberlin.edu OI Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 NR 32 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 11 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 894 EP 905 DI 10.2112/104-0401.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 070TK UT WOS:000239547000014 ER PT J AU Haggard, BE Galloway, JM Green, WR Meyer, MT AF Haggard, Brian E. Galloway, Joel M. Green, W. Reed Meyer, Michael T. TI Pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals in selected north-central and northwestern Arkansas streams SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; SURFACE-WATER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TREATMENT PLANTS; TRICLOSAN; ANTIBIOTICS; ENVIRONMENT; RESISTANCE; PRODUCTS; STRAINS AB Recently, our attention has focused on the low level detection of many antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, and other organic chemicals in water resources. The limited studies available suggest that urban or rural streams receiving wastewater effluent are more susceptible to contamination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, and other organic chemicals at 18 sites on seven selected streams in Arkansas, USA, during March, April, and August 2004. Water samples were collected upstream and downstream from the influence of effluent discharges in northwestern Arkansas and at one site on a relatively undeveloped stream in north-central Arkansas. At least one antibiotic, pharmaceutical, or other organic chemical was detected at all sites, except at Spavinaw Creek near Mayesville, Arkansas. The greatest number of detections was observed at Mud Creek downstream from an effluent discharge, including 31 pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals. The detection of these chemicals occurred in higher frequency at sites downstream from effluent discharges compared to those sites upstream from effluent discharges; total chemical concentration was also greater downstream. Wastewater effluent discharge increased the concentrations of detergent metabolites, fire retardants, fragrances and flavors, and steroids in these streams. Antibiotics and associated degradation products were only found at two streams downstream from effluent discharges. Overall, 42 of the 108 chemicals targeted in this study were found in water samples from at least one site, and the most frequently detected organic chemicals included caffeine, phenol, para-cresol, and acetyl hexamethyl tetrahydro naphthalene (AHTN). C1 Univ Arkansas, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. US Geol Survey, Arkansas Water Sci Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. US Geol Survey Organ, Chem Res Lab, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Haggard, BE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, 203 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM haggard@uark.edu OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 29 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1078 EP 1087 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0248 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900014 PM 16738393 ER PT J AU Mazur, MM Beauchamp, DA AF Mazur, M. M. Beauchamp, D. A. TI Linking piscivory to spatial-temporal distributions of pelagic prey fishes with a visual foraging model SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foraging model; light pollution; predation risk; prey availability; sensory ecology; visual foraging ID JUVENILE SOCKEYE-SALMON; CUTTHROAT TROUT; LAKE WASHINGTON; SPIRINCHUS-THALEICHTHYS; ANTIPREDATION WINDOW; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; LIGHT-INTENSITY; LONGFIN SMELT; BROWN TROUT; SIZE AB A visual foraging model (VFM) used light-dependent reaction distance and capture success functions to link observed prey fish abundance and distribution to predation rates and the foraging performance of piscivorous cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki in Lake Washington (WA, U.S.A.). Total prey density did not correlate with predation potential estimated by the foraging model for cutthroat trout because prey were rarely distributed in optically favourable conditions for detection. Predictions of the depth-specific distribution and timing of cutthroat trout foraging were qualitatively similar to diel stomach fullness patterns observed in field samples. Nocturnal foraging accounted for 34-64% of all prey fish consumption in simulations for 2002 and 2003. Urban light contamination increased the access of nocturnally foraging cutthroat trout to vertically migrating prey fishes. These results suggest that VFMs are useful tools for converting observed prey fish density into predictions of predator consumptions and behavioural responses of predators to environmental change. (c) 2006 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles (No claim to original US government works). C1 Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mazur, MM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Box 357941, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mazurm@u.washington.edu NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 69 IS 1 BP 151 EP 175 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01075.x PG 25 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 071KK UT WOS:000239600900011 ER PT J AU Honu, YAK Gibson, DJ Middleton, BA AF Honu, Yohanes A. K. Gibson, David J. Middleton, Beth A. TI Response of Tridens flavus (L.) A. S. Hitchc. to soil nutrients and disturbance in an early successional old field SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE density; mowing; old field; reproductive output; soil nutrients; succession; Tridens flavus ID INTERMEDIATE DISTURBANCE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; FLORISTIC COMPOSITION; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; COMMUNITY DIVERSITY; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; FREQUENCY AB Soil nutrients and disturbance are two of the main abiotic factors that influence plant dominance (canopy cover), density, and fecundity in early successional old Field plant communities. The manner in which the dominant species in old field successional systems respond to the interaction of nutrients and disturbance is poorly known. We examined the dominance, density of flowering tillers, and reproductive output of Tridens flavus, a perennial, warm-scason bunchgrass that is important in old field succession, to varying soil nutrient and disturbance regimes. We tested the hypothesis that the interaction between nutrients and disturbance Would influence the performance (cover, density, fecundity) of T. flavus. To test this hypothesis, we subjected 25 m(2) experimental plots to various combinations of fertilizer and mowing treatments for eight years after initially plowing the field. The performance of T. flavus was measured by estimating percent cover for 8 years (1996-2003) and both density of flowering tillers and reproductive Output (panicle length and number of branches per panicle) for three years (2001-2003). The pattern of canopy cover of T. flavus over the first eight years of succession varied over time depending on mowing regime. Dominance was significantly higher in plots that were fertilized only in years one and five than in annually fertilized and unfertilized control plots. The length of panicles and density of flowering tillers were both significantly greater in annually mowed plots than in uninowed plots. In the absence of mowing in particular, T. flavus became overtopped by woody species and declined in this old field community. Therefore, disturbances such as mowing and fertilization may be important in maintaining grasses Such as Tridens flavus in old fields. C1 So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Honu, YAK (reprint author), Gateway Community & Tech Coll, Dept Biol, 790 Thomas More Pkwy, Edgewood, KY 41017 USA. EM yohanes.honu@kctcs.edu NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 133 IS 3 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[421:ROTFLA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 118QS UT WOS:000242957400005 ER PT J AU Chase, DM Elliott, DG Pascho, RJ AF Chase, Dorothy M. Elliott, Diane G. Pascho, Ronald J. TI Detection and quantification of Renibacterium salmoninarum DNA in salmonid tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Renibacterium salmoninarum; real-time polymerase chain reaction ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; VIRULENCE; ELISA; GENE; EXPRESSION; KIDNEY; FLUID; P57 AB Renibacterium salmoninarum is an important salmonid pathogen that is difficult to culture. We developed and assessed a real-time, quantitative, polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for the detection and enumeration of R. salmoninarum. The qPCR is based on TaqMan technology and amplifies a 69-base pair (bp) region of the gene encoding the major soluble antigen (MSA) of R. salmoninarum. The qPCR assay consistently detected as few as 5 R. salmoninarum cells per reaction in kidney tissue. The specificity of the qPCR was confirmed by testing the DNA extracts from a panel of microorganisms that were either common fish pathogens or reported to cause false-positive reactions in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Kidney samples from 38 juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in a naturally infected population were examined by real-time qPCR, a nested PCR, and ELISA, and prevalences of R. salmoninarum detected were 71, 66, and 71%, respectively. The qPCR should be a valuable tool for evaluating the R. salmoninarum infection status of salmonids. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Elliott, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 375 EP 380 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 068VH UT WOS:000239402100009 PM 16921877 ER PT J AU Buck, JD Wells, RS Rhinehart, HL Hansen, LJ AF Buck, John D. Wells, Randall S. Rhinehart, Howard L. Hansen, Larry J. TI Aerobic microorganisms associated with free-ranging bottlenose dolphins in coastal gulf of Mexico and Atlantic ocean waters SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; health risk; microorganisms; pathogens; Vibrio ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; MARINE-BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; CETACEANS; PORPOISES; BRUCELLA; WHALES; WILD AB our abilities to assess health risks to free-ranging dolphin populations, to treat live-stranded or captive dolphins, and to evaluate the risks of disease transmission between humans and dolphins have suffered from a lack of basic information on microorganisms associated with normal, presumably healthy free-ranging individuals. In order to provide these data, we sampled free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) off Florida, Texas, and North Carolina during 1990-2002. Blowhole and anal/fecal samples yielded 1,871 bacteria and yeast isolates and included 85 different species or groups of organisms. Vibrios, unidentified pseudomonads, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and a large group of nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria represented > 50% of isolates. Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio damsela were the most commonly recovered bacteria from both anal/fecal and blowhole samples. Many organisms occurred sporadically in dolphins that were sampled repeatedly, but some were consistently isolated from individual animals and may indicate the carrier state. Vibrios were common, but some geographic variability in the presence of these and other organisms was noted. Potential pathogens of significance to humans and other animals were recovered. C1 Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Marine Mammal & Sea Turtle Res, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. RP Wells, RS (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Marine Mammal & Sea Turtle Res, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM rwells@mote.org NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 536 EP 544 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 108WQ UT WOS:000242270300007 PM 17092884 ER PT J AU Joly, DO Samuel, MD Langenberg, JA Blanchong, JA Batha, CA Rolley, RE Keane, DP Ribic, CA AF Joly, Damien O. Samuel, Michael D. Langenberg, Julia A. Blanchong, Julie A. Batha, Carl A. Rolley, Robert E. Keane, Delwyn P. Ribic, Christine A. TI Spatial epidemiology of chronic wasting disease in Wisconsin white-tailed deer SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; disease management; spatial analysis; white-tailed deer ID MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; PRION TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; ELK; THRESHOLDS AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, emerging disease of cervids associated with transmissible protease-resistant prion proteins. The potential for CWD to cause dramatic declines in deer and elk populations and perceived human health risks associated with consuming CWD-contaminated venison have led wildlife agencies to embark on extensive CWD control programs, typically involving culling to reduce deer populations. We characterized the spatial distribution of CWD in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Wisconsin to facilitate CWD management. We found that CWD prevalence declined with distance from a central location, was locally correlated at a scale of 3.6 km, and was correlated with deer habitat abundance. The latter result is consistent with patterns expected for a positive relationship between density and prevalence of CWD. We recommend management activities focused on culling in geographic areas with high prevalence to have the greatest probability of removing infected individuals. Further research is needed to elucidate the factors involved in CWD spread and infection rates, especially the role of density-dependent transmission. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, USGS Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Dodgeville, WI 53533 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Monona, WI 53716 USA. Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Joly, DO (reprint author), Alberta Sustainable Resource Dev, Fish & Wildlife Div, Edmonton, AB T6H 4P2, Canada. EM damien.joly@gov.ab.ca NR 34 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 7 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 578 EP 588 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 108WQ UT WOS:000242270300012 PM 17092889 ER PT J AU Kwon, YK Jeon, WJ Kang, MI Kim, JH Olsen, GH AF Kwon, Y. -K. Jeon, W. -J. Kang, M. I. Kim, J. -H. Olsen, Glenn H. TI Disseminated visceral coccidiosis in a wild white-naped crane (Grus vipio) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE case report; disseminated visceral coccidiosis; Eimeria; Gris vipio; white-naped crane ID SANDHILL CRANES; WHOOPING CRANES; CANADENSIS AB Disseminated visceral coccidiosis (DVC) was unexpectedly recognized in a wild white-naped crane (Grits vipio) killed by phosphamidon insecticide. On gross pathologic examination, widely disseminated white nodules were found on the serosa of the proventriculus, gizzard, and intestine, as well as on the surface and in the parenchyma of liver, spleen, and cardiac muscle. Microscopically, asexual stages of a coccidia were observed in some nodules. However, the species of coccidia could not be determined because no oocysts were found on fecal examination. This is believed to be the first reported case of DVC in a wild white-naped crane infected with Eimeria spp. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Kyunggido 430824, South Korea. RP Olsen, GH (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Glenn_Olsen@usgs.gov OI Kang, Munil/0000-0003-1595-1717 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 712 EP 714 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 108WQ UT WOS:000242270300032 PM 17092909 ER PT J AU Hsu, MY Kam, YC Fellers, GM AF Hsu, MY Kam, YC Fellers, GM TI Temporal organization of an anuran acoustic community in a Taiwanese subtropical forest SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic community; amphibian; subtropical anuran ID FROG RANA SWINHOANA; CALLING BEHAVIOR; REPRODUCTION; RHACOPHORIDAE; SELECTION; STREAM AB We recorded anuran vocalizations in each of four habitats at Lien Hua Chih Field Station, Taiwan, between July 2000 and July 2001. For each 27 biweekly sample, eight recorders taped calls for 1 min out of every 11 between the hours of 17:00 and 07:00. We obtained 11 481 recordings with calls, and identified 21 503 frogs or groups of frogs. These included 20 species, with an average of 10.4 +/- 3.5 species calling each night. Some species called year round, others called in the spring and summer, and a third group called only in the fall and winter. The number of species calling and the maximum calling intensity were correlated with both rainfall and air temperature. The nightly pattern of calling varied among species. Most species called continuously throughout the night, whereas some had a peak right after dusk. A few species had different nightly calling patterns in different habitats. Both Rana limnocharis and Rana kuhlii changed their calling pattern in the presence of large choruses of other anuran species. C1 Tunghai Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taichung 407, Taiwan. Natl Changhua Univ Educ, Dept Biol, Changhua, Taiwan. USGS, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA USA. RP Kam, YC (reprint author), Tunghai Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taichung 407, Taiwan. EM biyckam@thu.edu.tw NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 269 IS 3 BP 331 EP 339 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00044.x PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 051UJ UT WOS:000238186400007 ER PT J AU Wankel, SD Kendall, C Francis, CA Paytan, A AF Wankel, Scott D. Kendall, Carol Francis, Chris A. Paytan, Adina TI Nitrogen sources and cycling in the San Francisco Bay Estuary: A nitrate dual isotopic composition approach SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; FRESH-WATER; OXYGEN; FRACTIONATION; MECHANISM; PHYTOPLANKTON; NITROSOMONAS; ASSIMILATION; O-18/O-16; NUTRIENTS AB We used the dual isotopic composition of nitrate (delta N-15 and delta O-18) within the estuarine system of San Francisco (SF) Bay, California, to explore the utility of this approach for tracing sources and cycling of nitrate (NO3-). Surface water samples from 49 sites within the estuary were sampled during July-August 2004. Spatial variability in the isotopic composition suggests that there are multiple sources of nitrate to the bay ecosystem including seawater, several rivers and creeks, and sewage effluent. The spatial distribution of nitrate from these sources, is heavily modulated by the hydrodynamics of the estuary. Mixing along the estuarine salinity gradient is the main control on the spatial variations in isotopic composition of nitrate within the northern arm of SF Bay. However, the nitrate isotopic composition in the southern arm of SF Bay exhibited a combination of source mixing and phytoplankton drawdown due mostly to the long residence time during the summer study period. Very low delta O-18(NO3) values (as low as -5.0 parts per thousand) at the Sacramento-San Joaquin River delta region give rise to a wide range of delta O-18(NO3) values in the SF Bay system. The range in delta O-18(NO3) values is more than twice that of delta N-15(NO3), suggesting that delta 18O(NO3) is an even more sensitive tool for tracing nitrate sources and cycling than 615N(NO3). C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wankel, SD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sdwankel@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1654 EP 1664 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 066WW UT WOS:000239262200010 ER PT J AU Shellenbarger, GG Monismith, SG Genin, A Paytan, A AF Shellenbarger, Gregory G. Monismith, Stephen G. Genin, Amatzia Paytan, Adina TI The importance of submarine groundwater discharge to the nearshore nutrient supply in the Gulf of Aqaba (Israel) SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RADIUM ISOTOPES; WINYAH BAY; ESTUARY; FLUXES; EXCHANGE; NITROGEN; RA-226; RIVER; ECOSYSTEMS; TRANSPORT AB We used two short-lived radium isotopes (Ra-223, Ra-224) and a mass balance approach applied to the radium activities to determine the nutrient contribution of saline submarine groundwater discharge to the coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Aqaba (Israel). Radium isotope activities were measured along transects during two seasons at a site that lacked any obvious surficial water input. An onshore well and an offshore end member were also sampled. For all samples, nutrients and salinity data were collected. Radium isotope activities generally decreased with distance offshore and exhibited significant tidal variability, which is consistent with a shore-derived tidally influenced source. Submarine groundwater contributes only 1-2% of the water along this coast, but this groundwater provides 8-46% of the nutrients. This saline groundwater is derived predominately from tidally pumped seawater percolating through the unconfined coastal aquifer and leaching radium and nutrients. This process represents a significant source of nutrients to the oligotrophic nearshore reef. C1 Stanford Univ, Environm Fluid Mech Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Hebrew Univ, H Steinitz Marine Biol Lab, IL-88103 Elat, Israel. RP Shellenbarger, GG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1876 EP 1886 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 066WW UT WOS:000239262200030 ER PT J AU Garver, KA Conway, CM Kurath, G AF Garver, Kyle A. Conway, Carla M. Kurath, Gael TI Introduction of translation stop codons into the viral glycoprotein gene in a fish DNA vaccine eliminates induction of protective immunity SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccine; glycoprotein; IHNV; rhabdovirus ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; INTERFERON INDUCTION; MYKISS; REINITIATION; IMMUNIZATION; RHABDOVIRUS; EXPRESSION; EFFICIENCY AB A highly efficacious DNA vaccine against a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoictic necrosis virus (IHNV), was mutated to introduce two stop codons to prevent glycoprotein translation while maintaining the plasmid DNA integrity and RNA transcription ability. The mutated plasmid vaccine, denoted pIHNw-G2stop, when injected intramuscularly into fish at high doses, lacked detectable glycoprotein expression in the injection site muscle, and did not provide protection against lethal virus challenge 7 days post-vaccination. These results suggest that the G-protein itself is required to stimulate the early protective antiviral response observed after vaccination with the nonmutated parental DNA vaccine. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kurath, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gael_kurath@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-2228 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 351 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s10126-005-5154-6 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 072ES UT WOS:000239656600003 PM 16761198 ER PT J AU Mann, DA O'Shea, TJ Nowacek, DP AF Mann, DA O'Shea, TJ Nowacek, DP TI Nonlinear dynamics in manatee vocalizations SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRICHECHUS-INUNGUIS; UNDERWATER CALLS; TIME-SERIES; CHAOS C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 34233 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Sensory Biol & Behav Program, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Mann, DA (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 34233 USA. EM dmann@marine.usf.edu NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 548 EP 555 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00036.x PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 051UK UT WOS:000238186500003 ER PT J AU Hoberecht, LK Vos, DJ VanBlaricom, GR AF Hoberecht, LK Vos, DJ VanBlaricom, GR TI A remote biopsy system used to sample steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) blubber SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID SIGNATURES; FORAGING ECOLOGY; HARBOR SEALS; DIET C1 Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Alaska Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. RP Hoberecht, LK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM llitzky@u.washington.edu NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 683 EP 689 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00046.x PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 051UK UT WOS:000238186500011 ER PT J AU Mock, KE Evans, RP Crawford, M Cardall, BL Janecke, SU Miller, MP AF Mock, KE Evans, RP Crawford, M Cardall, BL Janecke, SU Miller, MP TI Rangewide molecular structuring in the Utah sucker (Catostomus ardens) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE AFLP; Bonneville Basin; Catostomus ardens; Chasmistes liorus; June sucker; Utah sucker ID CENTRAL WASATCH MOUNTAINS; CYTOCHROME-B SEQUENCES; GREAT-SALT-LAKE; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; BONNEVILLE BASIN; POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LEATHERSIDE CHUB AB The Utah sucker (Catostomus ardens) is endemic to the Bonneville Basin and the upper Snake River drainage in western North America, and is thought to hybridize with the federally endangered June sucker (Chasmistes liorus mictus) in Utah Lake (Bonneville Basin). Here we describe the discovery of a major subdivision in Utah suckers (4.5% mitochondrial sequence divergence) between the ancient Snake River drainage and the Bonneville Basin. This boundary has not previously been recognized in Utah suckers based on morphologic variation, but has been recently described in two endemic cyprinids in the region. Populations in valleys east of the Wasatch Mountains in Utah clustered with the Snake River populations, suggesting that these valleys may have had an ancient hydrologic connection to the Snake River. We also found evidence of population isolation within the Bonneville Basin, corresponding to two Pleistocene sub-basins of the ancient Lake Bonneville. In contrast, we found no molecular evidence for deep divergence between Utah suckers and June suckers in Utah Lake or for a history of hybridization between divergent lineages in that population, although we recognize that demographic events may have obscured this signal. These findings suggest that the morphological differences between Utah and June suckers in Utah Lake may be the result of strong, and relatively recent, ecological selection. In summary, morphological and molecular characters seem to vary along different axes in different portions of the range of this taxon, providing an interesting system for studying the contributions of neutral and adaptive variation to species diversity. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Mock, KE (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM karen.mock@usu.edu RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011; Mock , Karen/C-1418-2011 NR 106 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 15 IS 8 BP 2223 EP 2238 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02932.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 051EM UT WOS:000238143900016 PM 16780436 ER PT J AU Barrett, MA Stiling, P Lopez, RR AF Barrett, Mark A. Stiling, Peter Lopez, Roel R. TI Long-term changes in plant communities influenced by key deer herbivory SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE browsing pressure; endangered species; Florida; Odocoileus virginianus clavium; plant species composition ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; UNITED-STATES; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; HEARTS-CONTENT; FOREST; VEGETATION; PENNSYLVANIA; USA; REGENERATION; INDICATORS AB The aim of the present study was to estimate changes in plant species composition in several forest communities caused by changes in endangered Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) densities in the National Key Deer Refuge in the lower Florida Keys. Baseline vegetation quadrats from a 1990 study were resampled in 2002 (the present study) in buttonwood transition, hardwood hammock, and mangrove wetland communities (all deer habitat) on 12 islands with low, medium, and high Key deer densities. On islands with high Key deer densities (> 17 deer km(-2)), the relative densities of preferred plant species < 1.2 m tall significantly decreased over time in each deer habitat, and nonpreferred species < 1.2 m tall significantly increased in hammock and mangrove habitats. No significant changes were observed in densities of plant species < 1.2 m tall on islands with low and medium Key deer densities (< 8 deer km(-2)). Relative densities of preferred plant species > 1.2 m tall (midstory/canopy) also significantly decreased in hammock on islands with high deer density, suggesting that heavy browsing is deterring plant growth/recruitment, thus already affecting regeneration of certain plant species into the midstory/canopy tiers. Plant species richness did not vary significantly between 1990 and 2002 for islands with high deer densities, but tended to increase slightly on islands with low deer density in buttonwood and hammock communities. Evidence from this study suggests that high densities of Key deer influence plant species composition on certain islands. We suggest that management plans for Key deer should incorporate both species protection components and population control techniques dependent on deer density-island associations. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Barrett, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arthur R Marshall Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refug, 10216 Lee Rd, Boynton Beach, FL 33437 USA. EM mark_barrett@fws.gov NR 43 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2006)26[235:LCIPCI]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 070DR UT WOS:000239501000002 ER PT J AU Kelsey, KW Naugle, DE Higgins, KF Bakker, KK AF Kelsey, Kyle W. Naugle, David E. Higgins, Kenneth F. Bakker, Kristel K. TI Planting trees in prairie landscapes: Do the ecological costs outweigh the benefits? SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE avian diversity; grassland birds; native prairie; riparian woodlands; tree plantings ID GREAT-PLAINS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BIRD COMMUNITIES; GRASSLAND BIRDS; BREEDING BIRDS; NEST SUCCESS; NORTH-DAKOTA; LAND-USE; AREA; USA AB Tree plantings are striking landscape features that symbolize settlement of the West. Although grassland birds require large tracts of treeless grasslands, planting trees in prairie landscapes is still regarded by many as a positive management practice. We compared bird use of tree plantings (n = 182) and natural riparian woodlands (n = 37) to evaluate whether ecological costs of tree plantings to grassland birds is compensated for by the benefit they provide to forest birds of management concern. Findings indicate that ecological costs of tree plantings outweigh their benefits because they fail to provide habitat for forest birds of management concern. Thus, loss of native grassland bird communities is the currency in which we pay the ecological costs of plantings trees in prairie landscapes. We recommend that managers refrain from planting trees in or adjacent to grassland habitats. We further recommend that managers refocus their tree plantings efforts to restoration of riparian woodlands that maximize avian diversity in prairie landscapes. C1 Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Dakota State Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Madison, SD 57042 USA. RP Naugle, DE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM dnaugle@umontana.edu NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 254 EP 260 DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2006)26[254:PTIPLD]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 070DR UT WOS:000239501000004 ER PT J AU Risley, JC Walder, JS Denlinger, RP AF Risley, JC Walder, JS Denlinger, RP TI Usoi dam wave overtopping and flood routing in the Bartang and Panj Rivers, Tajikistan SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE natural dams; flood routing; overtopping floods; Tajikistan; flood hydrograph; rockslides; landslides AB The Usoi dam was created in the winter of 1911 after an enormous seismogenic rock slide completely blocked the valley of the Bartang River in the Pamir Mountains of southeastern Tajikistan. At present the dam impounds 17 million cubic meters of water in Lake Sarez. Flood volume and discharge estimates were made for several landslide generated floods that could overtop the dam. For landslide volumes of 200, 500, and 1,000 million cubic meters, estimated overtopping flood volumes were 2, 22, and 87 million cubic meters of water, respectively. Estimated peak discharge at the dam for these three flood scenarios were 57,000, 490,000, and 1,580,000 m(3)/s, based on triangular hydrographs of 70-, 90-, and 110-s durations, respectively. Flood-routing simulations were made for the three landslide-induced overtopping floods over a 530-km reach of the Bartang and Panj Rivers below the Usoi dam. A one-dimensional flow model using a Riemann numerical solution technique was selected for the analysis. For the 87 million cubic meter volume overtopping flood scenario, the peak flows were approximately 1, 100, 800, and 550 m(3)/s at locations 50, 100, and 150 km downstream of the dam respectively. C1 US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97216 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Risley, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Dist,10615 SE Cherry Blossom Dr, Portland, OR 97216 USA. EM jrisley@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 375 EP 390 DI 10.1007/s11069-005-1923-9 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 039VG UT WOS:000237335000005 ER PT J AU Ware, KM Henne, JP Hickson, BH Charlesworth, K AF Ware, Kent M. Henne, James P. Hickson, Brian H. Charlesworth, Kevin TI Evaluation of six feeding regimens for survival and growth of shortnose sturgeon fry SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID WHITE STURGEON; LARVAE; DIETS; GULF AB The shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum is a federally listed endangered fish species cultured for recovery efforts. Since high mortality and labor costs are associated with first-feeding sturgeon culture, particularly during the period of dietary conversion from live to formulated feed, we investigated the effects of six feeding regimens on the survival and growth of cultured shortnose sturgeon fry. During the 30d trial, five replicate groups (100 fish/replicate) of first-feeding shortnose sturgeon were fed according to six regimens: (1) live feed (live nauplii of brine shrimp Artemia spp.); (2) formulated (commercially formulated salmonid starter diet); (3) alternate (alternate feedings of the live and formulated feed): (4) transition (slow transition from the live to the formulated feed); (5) automatic (cofeeding the live and formulated feeds with the use of an automatic feeder); and (6) starvation (no feeding), Significantly greater survival rates were observed in the transition (97.4%), automatic (96.0%), alternate (93.8%), and live feed regimens (92.6%) than in the formulated (71.8%) and starvation regimens (31.6%). Length and weight of fish in the afternate (52.4 mm and 0.62 g), automatic (52.3 min and 0.63 g). transition (46.9 min and 0.48 g), and live feed regimens (46.4 min and 0.43 g) were significantly greater than the length and weight of fish in the formulated (31.4 min and 0.18 g) and starvation regimens (20.6 mm and 0.04 g). Fish weights in the alternate and automatic regimens were significantly greater than those in the live feed regimen. Based on the results of this study, we recommend the automatic regimen for first-feeding shortnose sturgeon culture. This feeding regimen produced heavier fish than the live feed regimen, appeared to reduce labor costs compared with the other feeding regimens, and alleviated possible complications associated with diet conversion. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bears Bluff Natl Fish Hatchery, Wadmalaw Isl, SC 29487 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Hlth Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. RP Henne, JP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bears Bluff Natl Fish Hatchery, POB 69, Wadmalaw Isl, SC 29487 USA. EM james_henne@fws.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 68 IS 3 BP 211 EP 216 DI 10.1577/A05-003.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 068DB UT WOS:000239351200003 ER PT J AU Henne, JP Romero, MM Martinez, TV Fillmore, BM Gannam, AL Carmichael, GJ AF Henne, James P. Romero, Matthew M. Martinez, Teresa V. Fillmore, Brian M. Gannam, Ann L. Carmichael, Gary J. TI Performance of endangered bonytails fed four commercial diets SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; GROWTH; MEAL; PROTEIN; FISHES AB The bonytail Gila elegans is a critically endangered cyprinid that is endemic to the southwestern United States, where it is cultured in ponds and water reuse systems as part of recovery efforts. Unlike in extensive outdoor pond culture, where natural food productivity plays a primary nutritional role, manufactured feed must provide complete nourishment for fish reared indoors in recirculating systems. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of diet on the growth and survival of juvenile bonytails fed four commercially available feeds over a 120-d period. The four treatment diets were identified as a catfish diet, a trout diet, a high-protein shrimp diet, and a low-protein shrimp diet. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in growth among treatments were observed on sampling day 102. By day 120, the average weight of fish fed the high-protein shrimp diet (36.3 g) was significantly higher than the weights of fish fed the catfish (26.6 g), trout (24.7 g), and low-protein shrimp diets (24.2 g). The specific growth rates measured on days 102 and 120 were significantly greater for bonytails fed the high-protein shrimp diet than for fish fed the other treatments. The feed conversion ratio of fish fed the high-protein shrimp diet was significantly better than those of fish fed the trout and low-protein shrimp diets, while the protein efficiency ratio and apparent net protein retention were generally higher in the high- and low-protein shrimp diet treatment groups than in the other two treatment groups. Overall survival was high (93.5%) and did not differ significantly among treatment groups (P >= 0.05) through 120 d. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mora Fish Technol Ctr, Mora 87732, NM USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Henne, JP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bears Bluff Natl Fish Hatchery, POB 69, Wadmalaw Isl, SC 29487 USA. EM james_henne@fws.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 68 IS 3 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1577/A04-067.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 068DB UT WOS:000239351200004 ER PT J AU Laughlin, DC Grace, JB AF Laughlin, Daniel C. Grace, James B. TI A multivariate model of plant species richness in forested systems: old-growth montane forests with a long history of fire SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE FOREST; GRAND-CANYON; FLORISTIC COMPOSITION; COMMUNITY BIOMASS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; COASTAL WETLAND; NATIONAL-PARK; DENSITY; VEGETATION; FREQUENCY AB Recently, efforts to develop multivariate models of plant species richness have been extended to include systems where trees play important roles as overstory elements mediating the influences of environment and disturbance on understory richness. We used structural equation modeling to examine the relationship of understory vascular plant species richness to understory abundance, forest structure, topographic slope, and surface fire history in lower montane forests on the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, USA based on data from eighty-two 0. 1 ha plots. The questions of primary interest in this analysis were: (1) to what degree are influences of trees on understory richness mediated by effects on understory abundance? (2) To what degree are influences of fire history on richness mediated by effects on trees and/or understory abundance? (3) Can the influences of fire history on this system be related simply to time-since-fire or are there unique influences associated with long-term tire frequency? The results we obtained are consistent with the following inferences. First, it appears that pine trees had a strong inhibitory effect on the abundance of understory plants, which in turn led to lower understory species richness. Second, richness declined over time since the last tire. This pattern appears to result from several processes, including (1) a post-fire stimulation of germination, (2) a decline in understory abundance, and (3) an increase over time in pine abundance (which indirectly leads to reduced richness). Finally, once time-since-fire was statistically controlled, it was seen that areas with higher tire frequency have lower richness than expected, which appears to result from negative effects on understory abundance, possibly by depletions of soil nutrients from repeated surface fire. Overall, it appears that at large temporal and spatial scales, surface fire plays an important and complex role in structuring understory plant communities in old-growth montane forests. These results show how multivariate models of herbaceous richness can be expanded to apply to forested systems. C1 No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Laughlin, DC (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, POB 15017, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM daniel.laughlin@nau.edu RI Laughlin, Daniel/G-8855-2012 NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUL PY 2006 VL 114 IS 1 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.14424.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 070YP UT WOS:000239563300007 ER PT J AU Reznick, D Schultz, E Morey, S Roff, D AF Reznick, David Schultz, Eric Morey, Steve Roff, Derek TI On the virtue of being the first born: the influence of date of birth on fitness in the mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID MENIDIA-MENIDIA; BODY-SIZE; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; ATLANTIC SILVERSIDE; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; CLUTCH SIZE; MORTALITY; FISH; POPULATION; FECUNDITY AB We found in an earlier study that mosquitofish (Gainhusia ilffinis and G hotbrooki) ceased reproduction in the late summer, long before the end'of warm weather, stored fat, then utilized reserves to survive the winter and initiate reproduction the following spring. We hypothesized that this pattern of fat utilization was a life history adaptation that enabled the fish to acquire food resources in the autumn then allocate them to reproduction the following spring when the fitness of the young would be greater. Here we evaluate one aspect of this hypothesis by evaluating the probability of survival to maturity and fecundity of young as a function of date of birth. We placed cohorts comprising eight to ten litters of young born early-, mid- or late in the reproductive season in replicate field enclosures. The entire experiment was repeated in two different years. Early-born young had a significantly higher probability of survival to maturity but did not differ in fecundity relative to the last cohort of the season. Early-born young also attained maturity early enough to reproduce in the, ir year of birth while lateborn young had to overwinter before reproduction. The fitness consequences to the mother of either producing one more litter of young at the end of the season, versus instead storing fat and reproducing the following spring are not as determinate as are the effects of date of birth on offspring fitness. Females most often gain fitness by not producing one last litter and instead over-wintering. If, however, the overwinter survival of offspring is not influenced by their size at the end of the season, then a female's fitness could be enhanced by producing one more litter late in the season. If instead the probability of overwinter survival is strongly influenced by the size of offspring at the end of the season, then our results suggest that a female gains more by deferring reproduction and storing for overwinter survival and reproduction the following spring. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Reznick, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM david.reznick@ucr.edu OI Schultz, Eric/0000-0003-4086-7883 NR 33 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUL PY 2006 VL 114 IS 1 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14446.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 070YP UT WOS:000239563300014 ER PT J AU Allen, JA Krauss, KW AF Allen, JA Krauss, KW TI Influence of propagule flotation longevity and light availability on establishment of introduced mangrove species in Hawai'i SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; REEF FISHES; DISPERSAL; GROWTH AB Although no mangrove species are native to the Hawaiian Archipelago, both Rhizopbora mangle and Bruguiera sexangula were introduced and have become naturalized. Rhizophora mangle has spread to almost every major Hawaiian island, but B. sexangula has established only on O'ahu, where it was intentionally introduced. To examine the possibility that differences in propagule characteristics maintain these patterns of distribution, we first reviewed the literature on surface currents around the Hawaiian Islands, which suggest that propagules ought to disperse frequently from one island to another within 60 days. We then tested the ability of propagules of the two species to float for periods of up to 63 days and to establish under two light intensities. On average, R. mangle propagules floated for longer periods than those of R. sexangula, but at least some propagules of both species floated for a full 60 days and then rooted and grew for 4 months under relatively dense shade. A large percentage (similar to 83%) of R. mangle propagules would be expected to float beyond 60 days, and approximately 10% of B. sexangula propagules also would have remained afloat. Therefore, it seems likely that factors other than flotation ability are responsible for the failure of B. sexangula to become established on other Hawaiian islands. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RI Allen, James/K-9141-2013 OI Allen, James/0000-0001-6459-5734 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 10 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 60 IS 3 BP 367 EP 376 DI 10.1353/psc.2006.0015 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 059UG UT WOS:000238757100004 ER PT J AU Su, HP Karna, D Fraim, E Fitzgerald, M Dominguez, R Myers, JS Coffland, B Handley, LR Mace, T AF Su, HP Karna, D Fraim, E Fitzgerald, M Dominguez, R Myers, JS Coffland, B Handley, LR Mace, T TI Evaluation of eelgrass beds mapping using a high-resolution airborne multispectral scanner SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; ACCURACY; BAY; MAP AB Eelgrass (Zostera marina) can provide vital ecological functions in stabilizing sediments, influencing current dynamics, and contributing significant amounts of biomass to numerous food webs in coastal ecosystems. Mapping eelgrass beds is important for coastal water and nearshore estuarine monitoring, management, and planning. This study demonstrated the possible use of high spatial (approximately 5 m) and temporal (maximum low tide) resolution airborne multispectral scanner on mapping eelgrass beds in Northern Puget Sound, Washington. A combination of supervised and unsupervised classification approaches were performed on the multispectral scanner imagery. A normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from the red and near-infrared bands and ancillary spatial information, were used to extract and mask eelgrass beds and other submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the study area. We evaluated the resulting thematic map (geocoded, classified image) against a conventional aerial photograph interpretation using 260 point locations randomly stratified over five defined classes from the thematic map. We achieved an overall accuracy of 92 percent with 0.92 Kappa Coefficient in the study area. This study demonstrates that the airborne multispectral scanner can be useful for mapping eelgrass beds in a local or regional scale, especially in regions for which optical remote sensing from space is constrained by climatic and tidal conditions. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Su, HP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS-240-6,Bldg 240,Room 219, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM hsu@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 72 IS 7 BP 789 EP 797 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 058ZZ UT WOS:000238704400009 ER PT J AU Ji, L Gallo, K AF Ji, L Gallo, K TI An agreement coefficient for image comparison SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION INDEXES; DATA SET; VALIDATION; NDVI; PERFORMANCE; LANDSAT-7 AB Combination of datasets acquired from different sensor systems is necessary to construct a long time-series dataset for remotely sensed land-surface variables. Assessment of the agreement of the data derived from various sources is an important issue in understanding the data continuity through the time-series. Some traditional measures, including correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, mean absolute error, and root mean square error, are not always optimal for evaluating the data agreement. For this reason, we developed a new agreement coefficient for comparing two different images. The agreement coefficient has the following properties: non-dimensional, bounded, symmetric, and distinguishable between systematic and unsystematic differences. The paper provides examples of agreement analyses for hypothetical data and actual remotely sensed data, The results demonstrate that the agreement coefficient does include the above properties, and therefore is a useful too] for image comparison. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Ji, L (reprint author), USGS, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lji@usgs.gov; kgallo@usgs.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 32 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 72 IS 7 BP 823 EP 833 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 058ZZ UT WOS:000238704400012 ER PT J AU Lohse, V Heipke, C Kirk, RL AF Lohse, Volker Heipke, Christian Kirk, Randolph L. TI Derivation of planetary topography using multi-image shape-from-shading SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE image processing; shape-from-shading; terrestrial planets; moon surface; digital terrain models ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION; STEREO; PHOTOCLINOMETRY; MARS AB In many cases, the derivation of high-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) from planetary surfaces using conventional digital image matching is a problem. The matching methods need at least one stereo pair of images with sufficient texture. However, many space missions provide only a few stereo images and planetary surfaces often possess insufficient texture. This paper describes a method for the generation of high-resolution DTMs from planetary surfaces, which has the potential to overcome the described problem. The suggested method, developed by our group, is based on shape-from-shading using an arbitrary number of digital optical images, and is termed "multi-image shape-from-shading" (MI-SFS). The paper contains an explanation of the theory of MI-SFS, followed by a presentation of current results, which were obtained using images from NASA's lunar mission Clementine, and constitute the first practical application with our method using extraterrestrial imagery. The lunar surface is reconstructed under the assumption of different kinds of reflectance models (e.g. Lommel-Seeliger and Lambert). The represented results show that the derivation of a high-resolution DTM of real digital planetary images by means of MI-SFS is feasible. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Photogrammetry & Geoinformat, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. United State Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Lohse, V (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Photogrammetry & Geoinformat, Nienburger Str 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM lohse@ipi.uni-hannover.de; heipke@ipi.uni-hannover.de; rkirk@usga.gov NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 54 IS 7 BP 661 EP 674 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2006.03.002 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 064ZK UT WOS:000239129000002 ER PT J AU Matmon, A Nichols, K Finkel, R AF Matmon, A Nichols, K Finkel, R TI Isotopic insights into smoothening of abandoned fan surfaces, Southern California SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Be-10; Al-26; nuclide concentration ID COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION-RATES; EROSION RATES; MOJAVE DESERT; NAMIB DESERT; SLIP RATES; BE-10; AL-26; HISTORIES AB Cosmogenic nuclide concentrations measured on abandoned fan surfaces along the Mojave section of the San Andreas Fault suggest that sediment is generated, transported, and removed from the fans on the order of 30-40 kyr. We measured in situ produced cosmogenic Be-10, and in some cases Al-26, in boulders (n = 15), surface sediment (n = 15), and one depth profile (n = 9). Nuclide concentrations in surface sediments and boulders underestimate fan ages, suggesting that 10Be accumulation is largely controlled by the geomorphic processes that operate on the surfaces of the fans and not by their ages. Field observations, grain-size distribution, and cosmogenic nuclide data suggest that over time, boulders weather into grus and the bar sediments diffuse into the adjacent swales. As fans grow older the relief between bars and swales decreases, the sediment transport rate from bars to swales decreases, and the surface processes that erode the fan become uniform over the entire fan surface. The nuclide data therefore suggest that, over time, the difference in Be-10 concentration between bars and swales increases to a maximum until the topographic relief between bars and swales is minimized, resulting in a common surface lowering rate and common 10Be concentrations across the fan. During this phase, the entire fan is lowered homogeneously at a rate of 10-15 mm kyr(-1). (c) 2006 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Skidmore Coll, Dept Geosci, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Matmon, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM arimatmon@cc.huji.ac.il NR 28 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 66 IS 1 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.010 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 058UP UT WOS:000238690400010 ER PT J AU Cavanaugh, JC Richardson, WB Strauss, EA Bartsch, LA AF Cavanaugh, Jennifer C. Richardson, William B. Strauss, Eric A. Bartsch, Lynn A. TI Nitrogen dynamics in sediment during water level manipulation on the Upper Mississippi River SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE drawdown; Upper Mississippi River; sediment nitrogen; denitrification; nitrification; nitrogen cycling ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; NITRIFICATION-DENITRIFICATION; SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; SOIL; TRANSFORMATIONS; SYSTEMS AB Nitrogen (N) has been linked to increasing eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico and as a result there is increased interest in managing and improving water quality in the Mississippi River system. Water level reductions, or 'drawdowns', are being used more frequently in large river impoundments to improve vegetation growth and sediment compaction. We selected two areas of the Upper Mississippi River system (Navigation Pool 8 and Swan Lake) to examine the effects of water level drawdown on N dynamics. Navigation Pool 8 experienced summer drawdowns in 2001 and 2002. Certain areas of Swan Lake have been drawn down annually since the early 1970s where as other areas have remained inundated. In the 2002 Pool 8 study we determined the effects of sediment drying and rewetting resulting from water level drawdown on (1) patterns of sediment nitrification and denitrification and (2) concentrations of sediment and surface water total N (TN), nitrate, and ammonium (NH4+). In 2001, we only examined sediment NH4+ and TN. In the Swan Lake study, we determined the long-term effects of water level drawdowns on concentrations of sediment NH4+ and TN in sediments that dried annually and those that remained inundated. Sediment NH4+ decreased significantly in the Pool 8 studies during periods of desiccation, although there were no consistent trends in nitrification and denitrification or a reduction in total sediment N. Ammonium in sediments that have dried annually in Swan Lake appeared lower but was not significantly different from sediments that remain wet. The reduction in sediment NH4+ in parts of Pool 8 was likely a result of increased plant growth and N assimilation, which is then redeposited back to the sediment surface upon plant senescence. Similarly, the Swan Lake study suggested that drawdowns do not result in long term reduction in sediment N. Water level drawdowns may actually reduce water retention time and river-floodplain connectivity, while promoting significant accumulation of organic N. These results indicate that water level drawdowns are probably not an effective means of removing N from the Upper Mississippi River system. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Hays, KS 67601 USA. RP Richardson, WB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wrichardson@usgs.gov RI Strauss, Eric/G-3368-2013 OI Strauss, Eric/0000-0002-3134-2535 NR 57 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 651 EP 666 DI 10.1002/rra.926 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 066HI UT WOS:000239219900003 ER PT J AU Al-Abed, SR Hageman, PL Jegadeesan, G Madhavan, N Allen, D AF Al-Abed, SR Hageman, PL Jegadeesan, G Madhavan, N Allen, D TI Comparative evaluation of short-term leach tests for heavy metal release from mineral processing waste SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE leaching; TCLP; pH; mineral processing waste; metals ID SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; SORPTION; IRON; MECHANISMS; SEDIMENTS; TAILINGS; MODEL; SIZE; TCLP; PH AB Evaluation of metal leaching using a single leach test such as the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) is often questionable. The pH, redox potential (Eh), particle size and contact time are critical variables in controlling metal stability, not accounted for in the TCLP. This paper compares the leaching behavior of metals in mineral processing waste via short-term extraction tests such as TCLP, Field Leach Test (FLT) used by USGS and deionized water extraction tests. Variation in the extracted amounts was attributed to the use of different particle sizes, extraction fluid and contact time. In the controlled pH experiments, maximum metal extraction was obtained at acidic pH for cationic heavy metals such as Cu, Pb and Zn, while desorption of Se from the waste resulted in high extract concentrations in the alkaline region. Precipitation of iron, caused by a pH increase, probably resulted in co-precipitation and immobilization of Cu, Ph and Zn in the alkaline pH region. A sequential extraction procedure was performed on the original waste and the solid residue from the Eh-pH experiments to determine the chemical speciation and distribution of the heavy metals. In the as-received waste, Cu existed predominantly in water soluble or sulfidic phases, with no binding to carbonates or iron oxides. Similar characteristics were observed for Ph and Zn, while Se existed mostly associated with iron oxides or sulfides. Adsorption/co-precipitation of Cu, Se and Ph on precipitated iron hydroxides was observed in the experimental solid residues, resulting in metal immobilization above pH 7. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US Geol Survey, Crustal Imaging & Characterizat Team, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. GE India Technol Ctr Pvt Ltd, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India. RP Al-Abed, SR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM al-abed.souhail@epa.gov OI Jegadeesan, Gautham/0000-0001-6526-3694 NR 23 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 364 IS 1-3 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.10.021 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056KQ UT WOS:000238522100002 PM 16336991 ER PT J AU Mohr, P Lee, WHK AF Mohr, Paul Lee, William H. K. TI In memoriam - Pierre Gouin, SJ (1917-2005) SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 77 IS 4 BP 424 EP 425 DI 10.1785/gssrl.77.4.424 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 061OK UT WOS:000238881800002 ER PT J AU Hobbelen, PHF van den Brink, PJ Hobbelen, JF van Gestel, CAM AF Hobbelen, P. H. F. van den Brink, P. J. Hobbelen, J. F. van Gestel, C. A. M. TI Effects of heavy metals on the structure and functioning of detritivore communities in a contaminated floodplain area SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE heavy metals; detritivores; community structure; litter decomposition; bait-lamina sticks ID EARTHWORM LUMBRICUS-RUBELLUS; DENDRODRILUS-RUBIDUS; POLLUTION GRADIENT; EISENIA-FOETIDA; SOIL; ZINC; CADMIUM; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; LITTER AB The aim of this study was to determine the effects of heavy metal pollution on the structure and functioning of detritivore soil communities that consist of isopods, millipedes and earthworms, in 15 heavily polluted flood plain soils, located in the delta area of the rivers Rhine and Meuse, in the Netherlands. The 15 study sites represent a gradient in Zn, Cu and Cd concentrations. The structural attributes of the detritivore community, which were assessed, were the species richness and densities in the field sites. The functioning of the detritivore community was studied by determining organic matter decomposition using litter bags and feeding activity with the baitlamina method. Concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn were measured in soil, pore water and 0.01 M CaCl(2) extracts of the soil, in adult earthworms and plant leaves. Results show that metal pollution is not a dominating factor determining the species richness and densities of the selected detritivore groups, although the biomass of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus was positively and significantly correlated to Zn concentrations in pore water and 0.01 M CaCl(2) extracts. Litter decomposition was significantly and positively correlated to detritivore biomass and 0.01 M CaCl(2) extractable Cd concentrations in soil and negatively to pH-CaCl(2), although the range of pH values was very small. It can be concluded that in spite of high metal levels in the soil, bioavailable concentrations are too low to result in clear negative effects on the structure and functioning of detritivores in the Biesbosch, the Netherlands. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USGS, NWHC, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Anim Ecol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Alterra, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Hobbelen, PHF (reprint author), USGS, NWHC, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM phobbelen@usgs.gov RI van den Brink, Paul/E-8315-2013; OI van den brink, Paul/0000-0002-7241-4347; van Gestel, Kees/0000-0002-5651-0208 NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1596 EP 1607 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.11.010 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 076GX UT WOS:000239946100010 ER PT J AU Buchheister, A Wilson, MT Foy, RJ Beauchamp, DA AF Buchheister, Andre Wilson, Matthew T. Foy, Robert J. Beauchamp, David A. TI Seasonal and geographic variation in condition of juvenile walleye pollock in the western Gulf of Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC ENERGY CONTENT; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CONDITION INDEXES; OF-ALASKA; BODY-SIZE; CONSUMPTION RATES; WINTER MORTALITY; MORONE-SAXATILIS; SHELIKOF-STRAIT AB Body length, length-specific weight, and length-specific whole-body energy content (WBEC) of juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcograninia were examined for evidence of seasonal and geographic variation. Identifying the impact of winter on these measures of fish condition was of primary concern, but we also sought to determine whether condition varies among different geographic regions. The 2000 year-class of walleye pollock was sampled in the western Gulf of Alaska during four seasons (the autumn of 2000 and the winter, summer, and autumn of 200 1), and the study area was divided into three regions (Kodiak, Semidi, and Shumagin). In each region, length-specific weight decreased from autumn to winter by up to 17%, subsequently increasing into the summer by 13-20%. Significant seasonal changes in length-specific WBEC varied by region but reflected the same trends as length-specific weight. Walleye pollock from the Kodiak region were in better condition than those from other regions, as evidenced by larger lengths in winter (I 8-mm difference) and summer, a 5.9% higher length-specific weight in autumn of 2000, and higher length-specific WBEC in autumn of 2000 (0.783 kJ/g wet weight, or 18.3%, higher) and in the following winter (0.607 kJ/g, or 14.1%, higher). The poorer condition ofjuvenile walleye pollock in winter may be widespread through the Gulf of Alaska, but spatial heterogeneity in habitat can also greatly influence the size and condition of juveniles. The impact of such variability on growth and mortality remains uncertain. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Buchheister, A (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Fisheries Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM andrebuc@vims.edu NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 135 IS 4 BP 897 EP 907 DI 10.1577/T05-105.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 081NV UT WOS:000240325200005 ER PT J AU Ostberg, CO Rodriguez, RJ AF Ostberg, Carl O. Rodriguez, Rusty J. TI Hybridization and cytonuclear associations among native westslope cutthroat trout, introduced rainbow trout, and their hybrids within the Stehekin River drainage, North Cascades National Park SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-LEWISI; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; JUVENILE STEELHEAD; SPAWNING BEHAVIOR; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; SALVELINUS-MALMA AB Historic introductions of normative rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss into the native habitats of cutthroat trout O. clarkii have impacted cutthroat trout populations through introgressive hybridization, creating challenges and concerns for cutthroat trout conservation. We examined the effects of rainbow trout introductions on the native westslope cutthroat trout O. c. lewisii within the Stehekin River drainage, North Cascades National Park, Washington, by analyzing 1,763 salmonid DNA samples from 18 locations with nine diagnostic nuclear DNA markers and one diagnostic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker. Pure westslope cutthroat trout populations only occurred above upstream migration barriers in the Stehekin River and Park Creek. Two categories of rainbow trout admixture were observed: (1) less than 10% within the Stehekin River drainage above the Bridge Creek confluence, and the middle and upper Bridge Creek drainage and (2) greater than 30% within the Stehekin River below the Bridge Creek confluence and in lower Bridge Creek. Hybrid indices and multilocus genotypes revealed an absence of rainbow trout and reduced hybrid diversity within the Stehekin River above the Bridge Creek confluence relative to hybrid diversity in the Stehekin River below the confluence and within lower Bridge Creek. Cytonuclear disequilibrium statistics revealed assortative mating between westslope cutthroat and rainbow trout but not among hybrids within the same locations. This suggests that a randomly mating hybrid swarm does not currently exist. However, continual migration of parental genotypes into the study location could also create significant cytonuclear disequilibria. The Stchekin River represents a novel and unique example of a dynamic hybridization zone where the invasion of rainbow trout alleles into the Stehekin River westslope cutthroat trout population above the Bridge Creek confluence appears to be impeded, suggesting that divergent ecological or evolutionary mechanisms promote the population structure within the Stehekin River drainage, depending upon location. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ostberg, CO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM carl_ostberg@usgs.gov NR 88 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 135 IS 4 BP 924 EP 942 DI 10.1577/T05-209.1 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 081NV UT WOS:000240325200008 ER PT J AU Carline, RF AF Carline, Robert F. TI Regulation of an unexploited brown trout population in Spruce creek, Pennsylvania SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; LAKE DISTRICT STREAM; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; LIFE-HISTORY; TRUTTA L; GROWTH; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; WILD; MORTALITY AB The purpose of this paper is to describe the annual variations in the density of an unexploited population of lotic brown trout Salmo trutta that has been censused annually for 19 years and to explore the importance of density-independent and density-dependent processes in regulating population size. Brown trout density and indices of stream discharge and water temperature were related to annual variations in natural mortality, recruitment, and growth. Annual mortality of age-1 and older (age-1+) brown trout ranged from 0.30 to 0.75 and was best explained by discharge during spring and by brown trout density. Recruitment to age I varied fivefold. Density of age-1 brown trout was inversely related to spawner density and positively related to discharge during the fall spawning period. The median length of age-1 brown trout was positively related to discharge during summer and fall. Relative weight was inversely related to the density of age-2+ brown trout. The interactive effects of discharge and brown trout density accounted for most of the annual variation in mortality. recruitment, and growth during the first year of life. Annual trends in the abundance of age-1+ brown trout were largely dictated by natural mortality. C1 Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Carline, RF (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 402 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rcarline@psu.edu NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 135 IS 4 BP 943 EP 954 DI 10.1577/T05-028.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 081NV UT WOS:000240325200009 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Madenjian, CP Witzel, LD AF Stapanian, Martin A. Madenjian, Charles P. Witzel, Larry D. TI Evidence that sea lamprey control led to recovery of the burbot population in Lake Erie SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; RAINBOW SMELT; CASE-HISTORY; MICHIGAN; ALEWIVES; TROUT; PREDATION; SELECTION; ONTARIO AB Between 1987 and 2003, the abundance of burbot Lota lota in eastern Lake Erie increased significantly, especially in Ontario waters. We considered four hypotheses to explain this increase: (1) reduced competition with lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, the other major coldwater piscivore in Lake Erie; (2) increased abundance of the two main prey species, rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax and round goby Neogobius melanostomus; (3) reduced interference with burbot reproduction by alewives Alosa pseudoharengus; and (4) reduced predation by sea lampreys Petromyzon marinas on burbot. Species abundance data did not support the first three hypotheses. Our results suggested that the apparent recovery of the burbot population of Lake Erie was driven by effective sea lamprey control. Sea lamprey predation appeared to be the common factor affecting burbot abundance in Lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. In addition, relatively high alewife density probably depressed burbot abundance in Lakes Ontario and Michigan. We propose that a healthy adult lake trout population may augment burbot recovery in some lakes by serving as a buffer against sea lamprey predation and will not negatively impact burbot through competition. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Erie Management Unit, Port Dover, ON N0A 1N0, Canada. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Colubmus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 64 TC 25 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1043 DI 10.1577/T05-066.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 081NV UT WOS:000240325200017 ER PT J AU Sigourney, DB Letcher, BH Cunjak, RA AF Sigourney, Douglas B. Letcher, Benjamin H. Cunjak, Richard A. TI Influence of beaver activity on summer growth and condition of age-2 Atlantic salmon parr SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; CASTOR-CANADENSIS; SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; LACUSTRINE HABITAT; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SEASONAL-CHANGES; STREAM FISHES; SALAR L; MATURATION AB The activity of beavers Castor canadensis in freshwater environments can have considerable localized impacts on the physical and biological components of riparian ecosystems. By changing the habitat of a stream, beaver dams can cause spatial variation in growth opportunity that may have direct consequences for the growth of resident fish. In a small stream in eastern Canada, we studied the effects of an ephemeral beaver pond on the growth and maturity of age-2 Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr tagged with passive integrated transponder tags. Water temperature remained relatively uniform throughout the study site. We found very little movement of recaptured fish in the study site. Fish that were recaptured in the beaver pond displayed faster summer growth rates in both length and mass than fish that were recaptured immediately above or below the pond. We also found that Parr in the pond maintained relatively high condition factors, whereas fish above and below the pond appeared to decrease in condition factor throughout the summer. In addition to growth, the maturation rates of age-2 males were higher above the dam than below. This study demonstrates the effect a beaver dam can have on individual growth rates. By influencing growth during sensitive periods, the beaver pond may also influence individual life history pathways. This information could be an important component in ecosystem models that predict the effect of beaver population dynamics on the growth of individual salmonids at the landscape scale. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. Univ New Brunswick, Fac Forestry & Environm Management, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RP Sigourney, DB (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dsigourn@forwild.umass.edu NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1068 EP 1075 DI 10.1577/T05-159.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 081NV UT WOS:000240325200020 ER PT J AU Brasher, AMD Luton, CD Goodbred, SL Wolff, RH AF Brasher, Anne M. D. Luton, Corene D. Goodbred, Steven L. Wolff, Reuben H. TI Invasion patterns along elevation and urbanization gradients in Hawaiian streams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER SHRIMPS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NEW-ZEALAND; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES; CALIFORNIA WATERSHEDS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; WISCONSIN STREAMS; LENTIPES-CONCOLOR; ISLAND STREAMS AB Hawaii's extreme isolation has resulted in a native stream fauna characterized by high endemism and unusual life history characteristics. With the rapid increase in the human population, the viability of Hawaiian stream ecosystems is threatened by development and the associated habitat alteration. Thirty-eight sites on three islands (Oahu, Kauai, and Hawaii) were sampled to determine how habitat alteration resulting from urbanization and development was associated with the establishment of introduced species. Undeveloped sites had higher streamflow velocities, more riffles, lower embeddedness, deeper water, larger substrate, and lower water temperature than developed sites. Developed sites additionally had more pools and greater sparseness of riparian canopy cover. Overall, 23 fish species from 11 families and 5 crustacean species from 3 families were collected. Of these, 16 fish species and 3 crustacean species were introduced. Developed sites had on average almost twice as many species as undeveloped sites and were dominated by introduced species. Low-elevation sites were the most developed and supported the highest number of introduced species. However, species composition at some relatively undeveloped sites was impacted by downstream habitat alteration, since all native species must pass through the lower reaches to complete their life cycles. With increasing urbanization and development, the habitat features required by native species are disappeafing and streams are becoming more suitable for generalist introduced species, which are typically better adapted for altered habitats than are native species. As development pressures in tropical island ecosystems increase worldwide, this will become an increasingly important issue globally. An understanding of which habitats are most likely to support normative species provides information necessary for developing a management strategy to protect aquatic ecosystems from invasive normative species. C1 US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. RP Brasher, AMD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, 121 W 200 S, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM abrasher@usgs.gov NR 78 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1109 EP 1129 DI 10.1577/T05-083.1 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 081NV UT WOS:000240325200024 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Twilley, RR Doyle, TW Gardiner, ES AF Krauss, KW Twilley, RR Doyle, TW Gardiner, ES TI Leaf gas exchange characteristics of three neotropical mangrove species in response to varying hydroperiod SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avicennia germinans; carbon assimilation; flooding; Laguncularia racemosa; photosynthesis; Rhizophora mangle; stress physiology; water-use efficiency ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SOUTHWEST FLORIDA; AVICENNIA-MARINA; SEEDLINGS; SALINITY; FORESTS; GROWTH; LIGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION AB We determined how different hydroperiods affected leaf gas exchange characteristics of green house-grown seedlings (2002) and saplings (2003) of the mangrove species Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn., Laguncularia racenzosa (L.) Gaertn. f., and Rhizophora mangle L. Hydroperiod treatments included no flooding (unflooded), intermittent flooding (intermittent), and permanent flooding (flooded). Plants in the intermittent treatment were measured under both flooded and drained states and compared separately. In the greenhouse study. plants of all species maintained different leaf areas in the contrasting hydroperiods during both years. Assimilation-light response curves indicated that the different hydroperiods had little effect on leaf gas exchange characteristics in either seedlings or saplings. However, short-term intermittent flooding for between 6 and 22 days caused a 20% reduction in maximum leaf-level carbon assimilation rate, a 51% lower light requirement to attain 50% of maximum assimilation. and a 38% higher demand from dark respiration. Although interspecific differences were evident for nearly all measured parameters in both years, there was little consistency in ranking of the interspecific responses. Species by hydro-period interactions were significant only for sapling leaf area. In a field study, R. mangle saplings along the Shark River in the Everglades National Park either demonstrated no significant effect or slight enhancement of carbon assimilation and water-use efficiency while flooded. We obtained little evidence that contrasting hydroperiods affect leaf gas exchange characteristics of mangrove seedlings or saplings over long time intervals; however, intermittent flooding may cause short-term depressions in leaf gas exchange. The resilience of mangrove systems to flooding, as demonstrated in the permanently flooded treatments. will likely promote photosynthetic and morphological adjustment to slight hydroperiod shifts in many settings. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Univ Louisiana, Ctr Ecol & Environm Technol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM kkrauss@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 19 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 26 IS 7 BP 959 EP 968 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 057XM UT WOS:000238628500012 PM 16585041 ER PT J AU Hudson, PJ Dobson, AP Lafferty, KD AF Hudson, Peter J. Dobson, Andrew P. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites? SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID RED GROUSE; FOOD WEBS; ENVIRONMENTAL PARASITOLOGY; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SOIL PATHOGENS; EXTINCTION; HERBIVORES; PATTERNS; DISEASE; FUNGAL AB Historically, the role of parasites in ecosystem functioning has been considered trivial because a cursory examination reveals that their relative biomass is low compared with that of other trophic groups. However there is increasing evidence that parasite-mediated effects could be significant: they shape host population dynamics, alter interspecific competition, influence energy flow and appear to be important drivers of biodiversity. Indeed they influence a range of ecosystem functions and have a major effect on the structure of some food webs. Here, we consider the bottom-up and top-down processes of how parasitism influences ecosystem functioning and show that there is evidence that parasites are important for biodiversity and production; thus, we consider a healthy system to be one that is rich in parasite species. C1 Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hudson, PJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pjh18@psu.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 54 TC 262 Z9 283 U1 13 U2 184 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 21 IS 7 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2006.04.007 PG 5 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 069IS UT WOS:000239440200007 PM 16713014 ER PT J AU Pearl, CA Bowerman, J AF Pearl, Christopher A. Bowerman, Jay TI Observations of rapid colonization of constructed ponds by western toads (Bufo boreas) in Oregon, USA SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Bufo boreas; breeding; colonization; habitat; succession; western toad ID NATTERJACK TOADS; CALAMITA; MOVEMENTS; HABITAT; CHOICE C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Sunriver Nat Ctr, Sunriver, OR 97707 USA. RP Pearl, CA (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2006 VL 66 IS 3 BP 397 EP 401 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[397:OORCOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 080JP UT WOS:000240244100014 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RL Reheis, MC Neff, JC Goldstein, H Yount, J AF Reynolds, RL Reheis, MC Neff, JC Goldstein, H Yount, J TI Late Quaternary eolian dust in surficial deposits of a Colorado Plateau grassland: Controls on distribution and ecologic effects SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE eolian dust; dunes; paleosol; soil formation; soil nutrients; late Quaternary; Colorado Plateau ID CIMA VOLCANIC FIELD; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WESTERN-NEGEV; MOJAVE-DESERT; ORGANIC-MATTER; LAHONTAN BASIN; PARTICLE-SIZE; GREAT-BASIN; SOIL; LAKE AB In a semi-arid, upland setting on the Colorado Plateau that is underlain by nutrient-poor Paleozoic eolian sandstone, alternating episodes of dune activity and soil formation during the late Pleistocene and Holocene have produced dominantly sandy deposits that support grass and shrub communities. These deposits also contain eolian dust, especially in paleosols. Eolian dust in these deposits is indicated by several mineralogic and chemical disparities with local bedrock, but it is most readily shown by the abundance of titaniferous magnetite in the sandy deposits that is absent in local bedrock. Magnetite and some potential plant nutrients (especially, P, K, Na, Mn, and Zn) covary positively with depth (3-4m) in dune-crest and dune-swale settings. Magnetite abundance also correlates strongly and positively with abundances of other elements (e.g., Ti, Li, As, Th, La, and Sc) that are geochemically stable in these environments. Soil-property variations with depth can be ascribed to three primary factors: (1) shifts in local geomorphic setting; (2) accumulation of relatively high amounts of atmospheric mineral dust inputs during periods of land-surface stability; and (3) variations in dust flux and composition that are likely related to changes in dust-source regions. Shifts in geomorphic setting are revealed by large variations in soil texture and are also expressed by changes in soil chemical and magnetic properties. Variable dust inputs are indicated by both changes in dust flux and changes in relations among magnetic, chemical, and textural properties. The largest of these changes is found in sediment that spans late Pleistocene to early Holocene time. Increased dust inputs to the central Colorado Plateau during this period may have been related to desiccation and shrinkage of large lakes from about 12 to 8ka in western North America that exposed vast surfaces capable of emitting dust. Soil properties that result from variable dust accumulation and redistribution in these surficial deposits during the late Quaternary are important to modem ecosystem dynamics because some plants today utilize nutrients deposited as long ago as about 12-15ky and because variations in fine-grained (silt) sediment, including eolian dust, influence soil-moisture capacity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Reynolds, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rreynolds@usgs.gov RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472; Goldstein, Harland/0000-0002-6092-8818 NR 68 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 3 BP 251 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2006.02.003 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 060BZ UT WOS:000238777800007 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Clark, MP AF McCabe, GJ Clark, MP TI Shifting covariability of North American summer monsoon precipitation with antecedent winter precipitation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE monsoon; southwestern United States; Pacific climate ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; RAINFALL; SNOWPACK; CLIMATE AB Previous research has suggested that a general inverse relation exists between winter precipitation in the southwestern United States (US) and summer monsoon precipitation. In addition, it has been suggested that this inverse relation between winter precipitation and the magnitude of the southwestern US monsoon breaks down under certain climatic conditions that override the regional winter/monsoon precipitation relations. Results from this new study indicate that the winter/monsoon precipitation relations do not break down, but rather shift location through time. The strength of winter/monsoon precipitation relations, as indexed by 20-year moving correlations between winter precipitation and monsoon precipitation, decreased in Arizona after about 1970, but increased in New Mexico. The changes in these correlations appear to be related to an eastward shift in the location of monsoon precipitation in the southwestern US. This eastward shift in monsoon precipitation and the changes in correlations with winter precipitation also appear to be related to an eastward shift in July/August atmospheric circulation over the southwestern US that resulted in increased monsoon precipitation in New Mexico. Results also indicate that decreases in sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central North Pacific Ocean also may be associated with the changes in correlations between winter and monsoon precipitation. Copyright (c) 2006 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov RI Clark, Martyn/A-5560-2015 OI Clark, Martyn/0000-0002-2186-2625 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 8 BP 991 EP 999 DI 10.1002/joc.1304 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 059BY UT WOS:000238709500001 ER PT J AU Cooper, DJ Sanderson, JS Stannard, DI Groeneveld, DP AF Cooper, DJ Sanderson, JS Stannard, DI Groeneveld, DP TI Effects of long-term water table drawdown on evapotranspiration and vegetation in an arid region phreatophyte community SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ground water; evapotranspiration; water table decline; phreatophytes; San Luis valley ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION; GREAT-BASIN; GROUNDWATER; TRANSPIRATION; DISCHARGE; VALLEY; EVAPORATION; GREASEWOOD; ECOSYSTEM; DECLINE AB Evapotranspiration rates and the ground water component of evapotranspiration at a site in Colorado's San Luis Valley that is dominated by shrubby phreatophytes, (greasewood and rabbitbrush) were compared before and after a water table drawdown. Evapotranspiration (ET) rates at the site were first measured in 1985-1987 (pre-drawdown) when the mean water table depth was 0.92 m. Regional ground water pumping has since lowered the water table by 1.58 m, to a mean of 2.50 m. We measured ET at the same site in 1999-2003 (post-drawdown), and assessed physical and biological factors affecting the response of ET to water table drawdown. Vegetation changed markedly from the pre-drawdown to the post-drawdown period as phreatophytic shrubs invaded former wetland areas, and wetland grasses and grass-like species decreased. Lowering the water table reduced estimated total annual ET from a mean of 409.0 to 278.0 mm, a decrease of 32%, and the ground water component of ET (ETg), from a mean of 226.6 to 86.5 mm, a decrease of 62%. Two water table depth/ET models that have been used in the San Luis Valley overestimated the reduction in ETg due to lowering the water table by as much as 253%. While our results corroborate the generally observed negative correlation between ET rates and water table depth, they demonstrate that specific models to estimate ET as a function of water table depth, if not verified, may be prone to large errors. Both the water table drawdown and the vegetation change are continuing 20 years after the drawdown began, and it is unclear how site ET rates and processes will differ after the water table has stabilized and vegetation has adjusted to the new site hydrologic conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. HydroBio Adv Remote Sensing, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Cooper, DJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM davidc@cnr.colostate.edu NR 57 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 325 IS 1-4 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.035 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 060BP UT WOS:000238776600002 ER PT J AU Martinez, MA Thome, DM AF Martinez, MA Thome, DM TI Habitat usage by the page springsnail, pyrgulopsis morrisoni (Gastropoda : Hydrobiidae), from central Arizona SO VELIGER LA English DT Article ID BRUNEAUENSIS AB We measured habitat variables and the occurrence and density of the Page springsnail, Pyrgulopsis morrisoni (Hershler & Landye, 1988), in the Oak Creek Springs Complex of central Arizona during the spring and summer of 2001. Occurrence and high density of P. morrisoni were associated with gravel and pebble substrates, and absence and low density with silt and sand. Occurrence and high density were also associated with lower levels of dissolved oxygen and low conductivity. Occurrence was further associated with shallower water depths. Water velocity may play an important role in maintaining springsnail habitat by influencing substrate composition and other physico-chemical variables. Our study constitutes the first empirical effort to define P. morrisoni habitat and should be useful in assessing the relative suitability of spring environments for the species. The best approach to manage springsnail habitat is to maintain springs in their natural state. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Martinez, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2321 W Royal Palm Rd,Suite 103, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. EM mike_martinez@fws.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIF MALACOZOOLOGICAL SOC INC PI SANTA BARBARA PA SANTA BARBARA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, 2559 PUESTA DEL SOL RD, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93105 USA SN 0042-3211 J9 VELIGER JI Veliger PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 8 EP 16 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 060EH UT WOS:000238784700002 ER PT J AU Calvert, AJ Ramachandran, K Kao, H Fisher, MA AF Calvert, AJ Ramachandran, K Kao, H Fisher, MA TI Local thickening of the Cascadia forearc crust and the origin of seismic reflectors in the uppermost mantle SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Deep Seismic Profiling of the Continents and their Margins CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Quebec, CANADA DE cascadia; subduction; erosion; underplating; seismic reflection; tremor; duplex ID DE-FUCA PLATE; SUBDUCTION ZONE; CONVERGENT MARGIN; VANCOUVER ISLAND; WESTERN CANADA; SILENT SLIP; DEHYDRATION; INTERFACE; TIME AB Seismic reflection profiles from three different surveys of the Cascadia forearc are interpreted using P wave velocities and relocated hypocentres, which were both derived from the first arrival travel time inversion of wide-angle seismic data and local earthquakes. The subduction decollement, which is characterized beneath the continental shelf by a reflection of 0.5 s duration, can be traced landward into a large duplex structure in the lower forearc crust near southern Vancouver Island. Beneath Vancouver Island, the roof thrust of the duplex is revealed by a 5-12 km thick zone, identified previously as the E reflectors, and the floor thrust is defined by a short duration reflection from a < 2-km-thick interface at the top of the subducting plate. We show that another zone of reflectors exists east of Vancouver Island that is approximately 8 kin thick, and identified as the D reflectors. These overlie the E reflectors; together the two zones define the landward part of the duplex. The combined zones reach depths as great as 50 km. The duplex structure extends for more than 120 km perpendicular to the margin, has an along-strike extent of 80 kin, and at depths between 30 km and 50 km the duplex structure correlates with a region of anomalously deep seismicity, where velocities are less than 7000 m s(-1). We suggest that these relatively low velocities indicate the presence of either crustal rocks from the oceanic plate that have been underplated to the continent or crustal rocks from the forearc that have been transported downward by subduction erosion. The absence of seismicity from within the E reflectors implies that they are significantly weaker than the overlying crust, and the reflectors may be a zone of active ductile shear. In contrast, seismicity in parts of the D reflectors can be interpreted to mean that ductile shearing no longer occurs in the landward part of the duplex. Merging of the D and E reflectors at 42-46 km depth creates reflectivity in the uppermost mantle with a vertical thickness of at least 15 km. We suggest that pervasive reflectivity in the upper mantle elsewhere beneath Puget Sound and the Strait of Georgia arises from similar shear zones. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Geol Survey Canada, GSC Pacific Sidney Subdiv, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Calvert, AJ (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM acalvert@sfu.ca NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD JUN 26 PY 2006 VL 420 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.021 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 060HA UT WOS:000238792100012 ER PT J AU Li, SL Mooney, WD Fan, JC AF Li, SL Mooney, WD Fan, JC TI Crustal structure of mainland China from deep seismic sounding data SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Deep Seismic Profiling of the Continents and their Margins CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Quebec, CANADA DE China; crustal structure; deep seismic sounding ID LOCAL EARTHQUAKE TOMOGRAPHY; BENEATH SOUTHERN TIBET; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; PLATEAU; SUBDUCTION; EVOLUTION; COLLISION; BASIN; ZONE; LITHOSPHERE AB Since 1958, about ninety seismic refraction/wide angle reflection profiles, with a cumulative length of more than sixty thousand kilometers, have been completed in mainland China. We summarize the results in the form of (1) a new contour map of crustal thickness, (2) fourteen representative crustal seismic velocity-depth columns for various tectonic units, and, (3) a Pn velocity map. We found a north-south-trending belt with a strong lateral gradient in crustal thickness in central China. This belt divides China into an eastern region, with a crustal thickness of 30-45 km, and a western region, with a thickness of 45-75 km. The crust in these two regions has experienced different evolutionary processes, and currently lies within distinct tectonic stress fields. Our compilation finds that there is a high-velocity (7.1-7.4 km/s) layer in the lower crust of the stable Tarim basin and Ordos plateau. However, in young orogenic belts, including parts of eastern China, the Tianshan and the Tibetan plateau, this layer is often absent. One exception is southern Tibet, where the presence of a high-velocity layer is related to the northward injection of the cold Indian plate. This high-velocity layer is absent in northern Tibet. In orogenic belts, there usually is a low-velocity layer (LVL) in the crust, but in stable regions this layer seldom exists. The Pn velocities in eastern China generally range from 7.9 to 8.1 km/s and tend to be isotropic. Pn velocities in western China are more variable, ranging from 7.7 to 8.2 km/s, and may display azimuthal anisotropy. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. China Earthquake Adm, Res Ctr Explorat Geophys, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, Peoples R China. RP Mooney, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mooney@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 153 Z9 183 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD JUN 26 PY 2006 VL 420 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 239 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.026 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 060HA UT WOS:000238792100016 ER PT J AU Liu, MJ Mooney, WD Li, SL Okaya, N Detweiler, S AF Liu, MJ Mooney, WD Li, SL Okaya, N Detweiler, S TI Crustal structure of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Deep Seismic Profiling of the Continents and their Margins CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Quebec, CANADA DE China; crustal structure; deep seismic sounding; NE Tibetan plateau ID CONTINENTAL-CRUST; POISSONS RATIO; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; CHINA; CONSTRAINTS; SEISMOLOGY; ANISOTROPY; EVOLUTION; OBLIQUE; GROWTH AB The 1000-km-long Darlag-Lanzhou-Jingbian seismic refraction profile is located in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau. This profile crosses the northern Songpan-Ganzi terrane, the Qinling-Qilian fold system, the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, and the stable Ordos basin. The P-wave and S-wave velocity structure and Poisson's ratios reveal many significant characteristics in the profile. The crustal thickness increases from northeast to southwest. The average crustal thickness observed increases from 42 kin in the Ordos basin to 63 km in the Songpan-Ganzi terrane. The crust becomes obviously thicker south of the Haiyuan fault and beneath the West-Qinlin Shan. The crustal velocities have significant variations along the profile. The average P-wave velocities for the crystalline crust vary between 6.3 and 6.4 km/s. Beneath the Songpan-Ganzi terrane, West-Qinling Shan, and Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region P-wave velocities of 6.3 km/s are 0.15 km/s lower than the worldwide average of 6.45 km/s. North of the Kunlun fault, with exclusion of the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, the average P-wave velocity is 6.4 km/s and only 0.5 km/s lower than the worldwide average. A combination of the P-wave velocity and Poisson's ratio suggests that the crust is dominantly felsic in composition with an intermediate composition at the base. A mafic lower crust is absent in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin. There are low velocity zones in the West-Qinling Shan and the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region. The low velocity zones have low S-wave velocities and high Poisson's ratios, so it is possible these zones are due to partial melting. The crust is divided into two layers, the tipper and the lower crust, with crustal thickening mainly in the lower crust as the NE Tibetan plateau is approached. The results in the study show that the thickness of the lower crust increases from 22 to 38 km as the crustal thickness increases from 42 kin in the Ordos basin to 63 kin in the Songpan-Ganzi terrane south of the Kunlun fault. Both the Conrad discontinuity and Moho in the West-Qinling Shan and in the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region are laminated interfaces, implying intense tectonic activity. The arcuate faults and large earthquakes in the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region are the result of interaction between the Tibetan plateau and the Sino-Korean and Gobi Ala Shan platforms. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. China Earthquake Adm, Geophys Explorat Ctr, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, Peoples R China. RP Mooney, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mliu@usgs.gov; mooney@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 90 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD JUN 26 PY 2006 VL 420 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 253 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.025 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 060HA UT WOS:000238792100017 ER PT J AU Cisneros-Heredia, DF Mcdiarmid, RW AF Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. Mcdiarmid, Roy W. TI A new species of the genus Centrolene (Amphibia : Anura : Centrolenidae) from Ecuador with comments on the taxonomy and biogeography of Glassfrogs SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Centrolene mariaelenae, new species; taxonomy; biogeography; Ecuador ID FROG ANURA; HYALINOBATRACHIUM; PHYLOGENY; VENEZUELA; HYLIDAE; PERU AB We describe a new species of Glassfrog, Centrolene mariaelenae n. sp., from the Contrafuerte de Tzunantza, southeastern Ecuador. The new species is assigned to the Centrolene gorzulai species group, a clade previously known only from the Guayana Shield region, because the parietal peritoneum is transparent and the hepatic peritoneum is covered by guanophores. We analyze the diversity patterns of Glassfrogs from eastern Ecuador. The distribution of the new species herein described supports previous hypothesis of a biogeographical connection between the Andes and the Guayana Shield for various groups of plants and animals; particularly a relationship between the Guayana Shield and the sandstone outcrops mountain ranges of southeastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru. We also comment on the infrageneric and generic classification of Glassfrogs, and propose the new combinations Centrolene balionotum n. comb., Cochranella antisthenesi n. comb., and Cochranella pulverata n. comb. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Res Training Program 2002, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ San Francisco Quito, Coll Biol & Environm Sci, Quito, Ecuador. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Cisneros-Heredia, DF (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Res Training Program 2002, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM diegofrancisco_cisneros@yahoo.com; mcdiarmr@nmnh.si.edu RI Cisneros-Heredia, Diego/D-1744-2011 OI Cisneros-Heredia, Diego/0000-0002-6132-2738 NR 70 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 26 PY 2006 IS 1244 BP 1 EP 32 PG 32 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 066WR UT WOS:000239261700001 ER PT J AU Hershberger, P Hart, A Gregg, J Elder, N Winton, J AF Hershberger, Paul Hart, Alexandra Gregg, Jake Elder, Nancy Winton, James TI Dynamics of viral hemorrhagic septicemia, viral erythrocytic necrosis and ichthyophoniasis in confined juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE disease; fish; viral hemorrhagic septicemia; viral erythrocytic necrosis; Ichthyophonus; Pacific herring; wild fish ID NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; SARDINOPS-SAGAX-NEOPILCHARDUS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; PUGET-SOUND; EPIZOOTIC MORTALITY; NEW-ZEALAND; VIRUS VHSV; HOFERI; USA; AUSTRALIA AB Capture of wild, juvenile herring Clupea pallasii from Puget Sound (Washington, USA) and confinement in laboratory tanks resulted in outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) and ichthyophoniasis; however, the timing and progression of the 3 diseases differed. The VHS epidemic occurred first, characterized by an initially low infection prevalence that increased quickly with confinement time, peaking at 93 to 98% after confinement for 6 d, then decreasing to negligible levels after 20 d. The VHS outbreak was followed by a VEN epidemic that, within 12 d of confinement, progressed from undetectable levels to 100% infection prevalence with > 90% of erythrocytes demonstrating inclusions. The VEN epidemic persisted for 54 d, after which the study was terminated, and was characterized by severe blood dyscrasias including reduction of mean hematocrit from 42 to 6% and replacement of mature erythrocytes with circulating erythroblasts and ghost cells. All fish with ichthyophoniasis at capture died within the first 3 wk of confinement, probably as a result of the multiple stressors associated with capture, transport, confinement, and progression of concomitant viral diseases. The results illustrate the differences in disease ecology and possible synergistic effects of pathogens affecting marine fish and highlight the difficulty in ascribing a single causation to outbreaks of disease among populations of wild fishes. C1 US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hershberger, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUN 23 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.3354/dao070201 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 077DP UT WOS:000240008200003 PM 16903231 ER PT J AU Iwanowicz, LR Griffin, AR Cartwright, DD Blazer, VS AF Iwanowicz, Luke R. Griffin, Alison R. Cartwright, Deborah D. Blazer, Vicki S. TI Mortality and pathology in brown bullheads Amieurus nebulosus associated with a spontaneous Edwardsiella ictaluri outbreak under tank culture conditions SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Amieurus nebulosus; brown bullhead; Edwardsiella; enteric septicemia of channel catfish; ESC; pathology ID CHANNEL CATFISH; AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; PANGASIUS-HYPOPHTHALMUS; PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DANIO-DEVARIO; EXPOSURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXPRESSION AB Brown bullheads Amieurus nebulosus (family Ictaluridae) are commonly used as a sentinel of environmental contamination. These fish are not generally cultured under laboratory conditions and little is known about their disease susceptibility. Here we report an outbreak of disease due to Edwardsiella ictaluri in a laboratory population of tank-reared, wild-caught brown bullheads. The isolate was positively identified as E. ictaluri using standard bacteriological substrate utilization tests and a monoclonal antibody specific for this bacterium. This pathogen causes a significant disease in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and is associated with disease in other ictalurid and non-ictalurid fishes. It appears that E. ictaluri is also a significant pathogen in brown bullheads and produces clinical signs and lesions similar but not identical to those observed in channel catfish. Since commercial sources of bullheads for laboratory tank studies are not available, precautions should be taken to prevent potential E. ictaluri disease outbreaks from wild-caught bullheads intended for laboratory research. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Iwanowicz, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM luke_iwanowicz@usgs.gov OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUN 23 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.3354/dao070219 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 077DP UT WOS:000240008200005 PM 16903233 ER PT J AU Petersen, T De Angelis, S Tytgat, G McNutt, SR AF Petersen, T De Angelis, S Tytgat, G McNutt, SR TI Local infrasound observations of large ash explosions at Augustine Volcano, Alaska, during January 11-28, 2006 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC OBSERVATIONS; ERUPTIONS; DYNAMICS AB We present and interpret acoustic waveforms associated with a sequence of large explosion events that occurred during the initial stages of the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska. During January 11-28, 2006, 13 large explosion events created ash-rich plumes that reached up to 14 km a.s.l., and generated atmospheric pressure waves that were recorded on scale by a microphone located at a distance of 3.2 km from the active vent. The variety of recorded waveforms included sharp N-shaped waves with durations of a few seconds, impulsive signals followed by complex codas, and extended signals with emergent character and durations up to minutes. Peak amplitudes varied between 14 and 105 Pa; inferred acoustic energies ranged between 2 x 10(8) and 4 x 10(9) J. A simple N-shaped short-duration signal recorded on January 11, 2006 was associated with the vent-opening blast that marked the beginning of the explosive eruption sequence. During the following days, waveforms with impulsive onsets and extended codas accompanied the eruptive activity, which was characterized by explosion events that generated large ash clouds and pyroclastic flows along the flanks of the volcano. Continuous acoustic waveforms that lacked a clear onset were more common during this period. On January 28, 2006, the occurrence of four large explosion events marked the end of this explosive eruption phase at Augustine Volcano. After a transitional period of about two days, characterized by many small discrete bursts, the eruption changed into a stage of more sustained and less explosive activity accompanied by the renewed growth of a summit lava dome. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Petersen, T (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tanja@giseis.alaska.edu OI De Angelis, Silvio/0000-0003-2636-3056 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 23 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 12 AR L12303 DI 10.1029/2006GL026491 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 057LO UT WOS:000238597500006 ER PT J AU Gasparini, J Roulin, A Gill, VA Hatch, SA Boulinier, T AF Gasparini, J Roulin, A Gill, VA Hatch, SA Boulinier, T TI Kittiwakes strategically reduce investment in replacement clutches SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE egg production; food availability; life-history evolution; parental investment; replacement clutch; reproductive strategies ID RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; EGG-SIZE; FOOD; QUALITY; GROWTH; NORWAY; COSTS; GULLS AB Many life-history traits are expressed interactively in life, but to a varying extent on different occasions. Changes in trait expression can be accounted for by differences in the quality of the environment ('environmental constraint' hypothesis) or by strategic adjustments, if the relative contribution of the trait to fitness varies with time ('strategic allocation' hypothesis). In birds, egg production is lower in replacement clutches than in first clutches, but it is unknown whether this reduction results from an environmental constraint (e.g. food being less available at the time when the replacement clutch is produced) or from a strategic allocation of resources between the two breeding attempts. To distinguish between these two hypotheses, we performed an experiment with black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). Pairs were either food-supplemented or not before the first clutch was laid onwards and we induced them to produce a replacement clutch by removing eggs once when the first clutch was complete. As predicted by the 'strategic allocation' hypothesis, egg production of food-supplemented and non-food-supplemented birds decreased between first and replacement clutches. This suggests that kittiwakes strategically reduce investment in egg production for their replacement clutches compared to first clutches. C1 Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. CNRS, UMR 5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier, France. RP Gasparini, J (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM julien.gasparini@unil.ch RI Gasparini, Julien/J-9263-2012; OI Boulinier, Thierry/0000-0002-5898-7667 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUN 22 PY 2006 VL 273 IS 1593 BP 1551 EP 1554 DI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3457 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 050AX UT WOS:000238061000017 PM 16777751 ER PT J AU Wilmking, M Harden, J Tape, K AF Wilmking, M. Harden, J. Tape, K. TI Effect of tree line advance on carbon storage in NW Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC TUNDRA; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; WHITE SPRUCE; CLIMATE; FOREST; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES; BOREAL; GROWTH AB We investigated the size, distribution, and temporal dynamics of ecosystem carbon (C) pools in an area of recent tree line advance, northwest Alaska. Repeat aerial photographs show forest cover increased similar to 10% in our study area since 1949. We sampled C pools of four principal ecosystem types, tussock tundra, shrub tundra, woodland, and forest, all located on a 600-800 year old river terrace. Significant differences between ecosystem C pools, both above ground and below ground existed. Tundra sites store > 22.2 kg C/m(2), shrub tundra sites and woodland sites store 9.7 kg C/m(2) and 14.3 kg C/m(2), respectively, and forest sites store 14.4 kg C/m(2). Landscape variation of total ecosystem C was primarily due to organic soil C and was secondarily due to C stored in trees. Soil C/N profiles of shrub tundra sites and woodland sites showed similarities with forest site soils at surface and tundra site soils at depth. We hypothesize that tundra systems transformed to forest systems in this area under a progression of permafrost degradation and enhanced drainage. On the basis of C pool estimates for the different ecosystem types, conversion of tundra sites to forest may have resulted in a net loss of > 7.8 kg C/m(2), since aboveground C gains were more than offset by belowground C losses to decomposition in the tundra sites. Tree line advance therefore might not increase C storage in high-latitude ecosystems and thus might not, as previously suggested, act as a negative feedback to warming. Key to this hypothesis and to its projection to future climate response is the fate of soil carbon upon warming and permafrost drainage. C1 Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Wilmking, M (reprint author), Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, Greifswald, Germany. EM wilmking@uni-greifswald.de; jharden@usgs.gov; kentape@hotmail.com NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUN 21 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G2 AR G02023 DI 10.1029/2005JG000074 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090YI UT WOS:000240991800003 ER PT J AU Prasad, AK Singh, RP Singh, A AF Prasad, A. K. Singh, R. P. Singh, A. TI Seasonal climatology of aerosol optical depth over the Indian subcontinent: trend and departures in recent years SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERE; SYSTEM; MODIS C1 Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. US Geol Survey, United Nat Environm Programme, Global Resources Informat Database, Earth Resources Observat Syst Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Prasad, AK (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM akprasad@iitk.ac.in RI Singh, Ramesh/G-7240-2012; Prasad, Anup/B-5650-2008 OI Prasad, Anup/0000-0001-7371-2322 NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2323 EP 2329 DI 10.1080/01431160500043665 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 066OJ UT WOS:000239238900001 ER PT J AU Hanks, TC Webb, RH AF Hanks, TC Webb, RH TI Effects of tributary debris on the longitudinal profile of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID INCISION; ARIZONA; BEDROCK; FANS; SEDIMENT; BOULDERS; AGES AB [ 1] The Colorado River in Grand Canyon has long been known as a "rapids-and-pools'' river, with the rapids owing their existence primarily to tributary debris flows. The debris flows deposit subaerial debris fans that constrict the channel laterally and, when they enter the river, raise the bed elevation. The rapids are short-wavelength ( similar to 0.1 to similar to 1 km), small-amplitude (<= similar to 5 m) convexities in the river's longitudinal profile, arising from the shallow gradient in the upstream pool and the steep gradient through the rapid itself. Analysis of the entire longitudinal profile through Grand Canyon reveals two long-wavelength ( similar to 100 km), large-amplitude ( 15 - 30 m) river profile convexities: the eastern canyon convexity between river mile (RM) 30 and RM 80 and the western canyon convexity between RM 150 and RM 250. Convexities of intermediate scale are also identified in the longitudinal profile. These longer-wavelength, larger-amplitude convexities have strong spatial correlations with high rates of debris flow occurrence, high densities of Holocene debris fans, the largest debris fans along the river, and alluvial thicknesses of 10 m or more. River profile convexities are unstable and require an active and powerful geologic process to maintain them, in this case the abundant, frequent, and voluminous Holocene debris flow activity in Grand Canyon. At all wavelengths the most likely cause for these river profile convexities is Holocene aggradation of the riverbed beneath them, driven by the coarse particles of tributary debris flows. Large enough debris flows will slow river flow for kilometers upstream, causing it to drop much of its suspended load. Integrated over time and all of the tributary point source contributions, this process will build short-wavelength convexities into long-wavelength convexities. For most if not all of the Holocene the Colorado River has been dissipating most of its energy in the rapids and expending the remainder in transporting fine sediment through Grand Canyon, with little or no regional incision of bedrock. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Hanks, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM thanks@usgs.gov; rhwebb@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUN 17 PY 2006 VL 111 IS F2 AR F02020 DI 10.1029/2004JF000257 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 057BX UT WOS:000238571100001 ER PT J AU Giguere, TA Hawke, BR Gaddis, LR Blewett, DT Gillis-Davis, JJ Lucey, PG Smith, GA Spudis, PD Taylor, GJ AF Giguere, TA Hawke, BR Gaddis, LR Blewett, DT Gillis-Davis, JJ Lucey, PG Smith, GA Spudis, PD Taylor, GJ TI Remote sensing studies of the Dionysius region of the Moon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID CRATER RAYS; LUNAR; CLEMENTINE; ORIGIN; VOLCANISM; EMPLACEMENT; TRANSPORT; ABUNDANCE; PLAINS; IMPACT AB [ 1] The Dionysius region is located near the western edge of Mare Tranquillitatis and is centered on Dionysius crater, which exhibits a well-developed dark ray system. Proposed origins for these dark rays included impact melt deposits and dark primary ejecta. The region also contains extensive deposits of Cayley-type light plains. Clementine multispectral images and a variety of spacecraft photography were utilized to investigate the composition and origin of geologic units in the Dionysius region. The portions of the dark rays for which spectral and chemical data were obtained are composed of mare debris contaminated with minor amounts of highland material. Both five-point spectra and values of the optical maturity (OMAT) parameter indicate that the dark rays are dominated by mare basalts, not glassy impact melts. The high-albedo rays associated with Dionysius exhibit FeO and TiO2 values that are lower than those of the adjacent dark ray surfaces and OMAT values that indicate that bright ray surfaces are not fully mature. The high-albedo rays are bright largely because of the contrast in albedo between ray material containing highlands-rich ejecta and the adjacent mare-rich surfaces. The mafic debris ejected by Dionysius was derived from a dark, iron-rich unit exposed high on the inner wall of the crater. This layer probably represents a mare deposit that was present at the surface of the preimpact target site. With one possible exception, there is no evidence for buried mare basalts associated with Cayley plains in the region. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Intergraph Corp, Honolulu, HI USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NovaSol, Honolulu, HI 96843 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Giguere, TA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM tagiguer@ingr.com RI Blewett, David/I-4904-2012 OI Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUN 17 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E6 AR E06009 DI 10.1029/2005JE002639 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 057CH UT WOS:000238572200002 ER PT J AU Zador, SG Piatt, JF Punt, AE AF Zador, SG Piatt, JF Punt, AE TI Balancing predation and egg harvest in a colonial seabird: A simulation model SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Glacier Bay National Park; glaucous-winged gull; Larus glaucescens; individual-based model; nest predation; simulation model; egg harvest ID GLAUCOUS-WINGED GULLS; RING-BILLED GULLS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LARUS-GLAUCESCENS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; DISTURBANCE; CONSERVATION; REDUCTION; ISLAND AB We developed an individual-based model to study the effects of different regimes of harvesting eggs and natural predation on reproductive success in a colony of the glaucous-winged gull (Larus glaucescens) in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. The model incorporates the sequence of egg laying, relaying, and incubation to hatching for individual nests and calculates hatching success, incubation length, and the total number of eggs laid (as a result of re-nesting and relaying) in all nests in the colony. Stochasticity is incorporated in the distribution of nest lay dates, predation rates, and nests attacked during predation and harvest events. We estimated parameter values by fitting the model to data collected at a small colony during 1999 and 2000 using maximum likelihood. We then simulated harvests and analyzed model predictions. Model outputs indicate that harvesting early, and at one time, provides a predictable take of eggs with the least impact to gulls. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Zador, SG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM szador@u.washington.edu OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 195 IS 3-4 BP 318 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.002 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051SP UT WOS:000238181500014 ER PT J AU Harveson, PM Grant, WE Lopez, RR Silvy, NJ Frank, PA AF Harveson, PM Grant, WE Lopez, RR Silvy, NJ Frank, PA TI The role of dispersal in Florida Key deer metapopulation dynamics SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE dispersal; Florida Key deer; metapopulation; Odocoileus virginianus clavium ID SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; RED DEER; POPULATIONS; VIABILITY; FRAGMENTATION; SURVIVAL; DENSITY; BIRDS AB Metapopulation dynamics of species that occur in patchy or island subpopulations are an important consideration in the conservation of endangered species. Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) are endemic to the Florida Keys and occur on 11 island-complexes in the Lower Keys from Big Pine Key to Sugarloaf Key. While deer numbers have increased notably, the majority of the population occurs on two of the islands, Big Pine and No Name Keys. Deer dispersal between islands is possible due to short distances between islands and shallow water. Key deer have been documented to actively disperse between islands but at very low rates (11% males, 3% females). However, increased population densities could possibly increase dispersal rates as island populations on Big Pine and No Name Keys approach carrying capacity. We examined the probability of deer colonization of peripheral islands using a sex- and stage-structured metapopulation model. our objectives were to (1) evaluate the effects of distance and dispersal rate on Key deer island subpopulations and (2) estimate the probability of Key deer colonizing surrounding islands with viable populations. Results suggest that over the next 20 years, the Key deer population could colonize 6 of the 11 island-complexes with viable populations. However, of the remaining five islands, three lack the resources to support a minimum viable population, and while Cudjoe and Sugarloaf Keys have the potential to support > 200 deer each, they are not projected to increase to above 50 deer by 2021 regardless of dispersal rate due to distance from source population. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Key Deer Refuge, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. RP Harveson, PM (reprint author), Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, POB C-16, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. EM harveson@tamu.edu NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 195 IS 3-4 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.021 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051SP UT WOS:000238181500021 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Palecki, MA AF McCabe, GJ Palecki, MA TI Multidecadal climate variability of global lands and oceans SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drought; decadal variability; PDSI; SST ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SURFACE TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; RAINFALL ANOMALIES; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; SUMMER DROUGHT; NORTH-AMERICAN AB Principal components analysis (PCA) and singular value decomposition (SVD) are used to identify the primary modes of decadal and multidecadal variability in annual global Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) values and sea-surface temperatures (SSTs). The PDSI and SST data for 1925-2003 were detrended and smoothed (with a 10-year moving average) to isolate the decadal and multidecadal variability. The first two principal components (PCs) of the PDSI PCA explained almost 38% of the decadal and multidecadal variance in the detrended and smoothed global annual PDSI data. The first two PCs of detrended and smoothed global annual SSTs explained nearly 56% of the decadal variability in global SSTs. The PDSI PCs and the SST PCs are directly correlated in a pairwise fashion. The first PDSI and SST PCs reflect variability of the detrended and smoothed annual Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), as well as detrended and smoothed annual Indian Ocean SSTs. The second set of PCs is strongly associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The SVD analysis of the cross-covariance of the PDSI and SST data confirmed the close link between the PDSI and SST modes of decadal and multidecadal variation and provided a verification of the PCA results. These findings indicate that the major modes of multidecadal variations in SSTs and land-surface climate conditions are highly interrelated through a small number of spatially complex but slowly varying teleconnections. Therefore, these relations may be adaptable to providing improved baseline conditions for seasonal climate forecasting. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov NR 66 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 7 BP 849 EP 865 DI 10.1002/joc.1289 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 054HM UT WOS:000238367400001 ER PT J AU Dierauf, LA Karesh, WB Ip, HS Gilardi, KV Fischer, JR AF Dierauf, LA Karesh, WB Ip, HS Gilardi, KV Fischer, JR TI Avian influenza virus and free-ranging wild birds SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; NORTH-AMERICA; AQUATIC BIRDS; HONG-KONG; H5N1; WATERFOWL; DISEASE; INFECTION; VIRULENCE; OUTBREAKS C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Amer Assoc Wildlife Vet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study Grp, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Dierauf, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 12 BP 1877 EP 1882 DI 10.2460/javma.228.12.1877 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 051OK UT WOS:000238170200020 PM 16784376 ER PT J AU Findell, KL Knutson, TR Milly, PCD AF Findell, Kirsten L. Knutson, Thomas R. Milly, P. C. D. TI Weak simulated extratropical responses to complete tropical deforestation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER CHANGES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPATIAL DEGREES; GLOBAL CLIMATE; AMAZON DEFORESTATION; ENERGY BALANCES; PART I; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; IMPACTS AB The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory atmosphere-land model version 2 (AM2/LM2) coupled to a 50-m-thick slab ocean model has been used to investigate remote responses to tropical deforestation. Magnitudes and significance of differences between a control run and a deforested run are assessed through comparisons of 50-yr time series, accounting for autocorrelation and field significance. Complete conversion of the broadleaf evergreen forests of South America, central Africa, and the islands of Oceania to grasslands leads to highly significant local responses. In addition, a broad but mild warming is seen throughout the tropical troposphere (< 0.2 degrees C between 700 and 150 mb), significant in northern spring and summer. However, the simulation results show very little statistically significant response beyond the Tropics. There are no significant differences in any hydroclimatic variables ( e. g., precipitation, soil moisture, evaporation) in either the northern or the southern extratropics. Small but statistically significant local differences in some geopotential height and wind fields are present in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Use of the same statistical tests on two 50-yr segments of the control run show that the small but significant extratropical differences between the deforested run and the control run are similar in magnitude and area to the differences between nonoverlapping segments of the control run. These simulations suggest that extratropical responses to complete tropical deforestation are unlikely to be distinguishable from natural climate variability. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Findell, KL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, US Geol Survey, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM kirsten.findell@noaa.gov RI Garcia Bustamante, Elena/H-4188-2012; Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014 OI Garcia Bustamante, Elena/0000-0002-2677-0252; NR 34 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2835 EP 2850 DI 10.1175/JCLI3737.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 057ZT UT WOS:000238634500011 ER PT J AU Evans, WC Bergfeld, D van Soest, MC Huebner, MA Fitzpatrick, J Revesz, KM AF Evans, WC Bergfeld, D van Soest, MC Huebner, MA Fitzpatrick, J Revesz, KM TI Geochemistry of low-temperature springs northwest of Yellowstone caldera: Seeking the link between seismicity, deformation, and fluid flow SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Yellowstone National Park; magmatic gas; geochemistry; carbon dioxide; helium ID BENEATH MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; NATIONAL-PARK; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NOBLE-GASES; MAGMATIC UNREST; VOLCANIC FIELD; CALIFORNIA; CHEMISTRY; DISCHARGE; OREGON AB A comprehensive geochemical survey of springs outside the northwest margin of the Yellowstone caldera was undertaken in 2003 and 2004. This survey was designed to detect: (1) active leakage from a huge reservoir of CO2 gas recently postulated to extend from beneath the caldera into this area; and (2) lingering evidence for subsurface flow of magmatic fluids into this area during the 1985 seismic swarm and concomitant caldera subsidence. Spring temperatures are low (< 15 degrees C), but two large-discharge springs contain 14 C-dead carbon that can be identified as magmatic from calculated end-member values for delta C-13((dead)) and He-3/C-(dead) of -4 parts per thousand and 1 x 10(-10), respectively, similar to values for intra-caldera fumarolic and hot-spring gases. However, the combined discharge of magmatic C is only 5.4 tonnes/day, < 0.1% of the total output from Yellowstone. The two springs have slightly elevated He-3/He-4 ratios near 1R(A) and anomalous concentrations of Cl, Li, and B, and appear to represent minor leakage of gas-depleted, thermal waters out of the caldera. The small CO2 signal detected in the springs is difficult to reconcile with a large underlying reservoir of gas in faulted and seismically active terrain. When considered with analyses from previous decades, the results provide no evidence to associate the ten-year period of caldera deflation that began in 1985 with expulsion of magmatic fluids through the caldera rim in this area. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. US Geol Survey, Stable Isotope Lab, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Evans, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM wcevans@usgs.gov RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012 NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 154 IS 3-4 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.01.001 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 055PC UT WOS:000238461600002 ER PT J AU Meckel, TA ten Brink, US Williams, SJ AF Meckel, TA ten Brink, US Williams, SJ TI Current subsidence rates due to compaction of Holocene sediments in southern Louisiana SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; LAND SUBSIDENCE; DYNAMIC CHANGES; NETHERLANDS; MEXICO; GULF AB Relative contributions of geologic and anthropogenic processes to subsidence of southern Louisiana are vigorously debated. Of these, shallow sediment compaction is often considered dominant, although this has never been directly observed or effectively demonstrated. Quantitative understanding of subsidence is important for predicting relative sea level rise, storm surge flooding due to hurricanes, and for successful wetland restoration. Despite many shallow borings, few appropriate stratigraphic and geotechnical data are available for site-specific calculations. We overcome this by determining present compaction rates from Monte Carlo simulations of the incremental sedimentation and compaction of stratigraphies typical of the Holocene of southern Louisiana. This approach generates distributions of present compaction rates that are not expected to exceed 5 mm/yr, but may locally. Locations with present subsidence rates greater than the predicted maximum probable shallow compaction rates are likely influenced by additional processes. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Meckel, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM tmeckel@usgs.gov RI Meckel, Timothy/A-4107-2009; ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI Meckel, Timothy/0000-0001-8817-9065; ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 NR 24 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 14 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 11 AR L11403 DI 10.1029/2006GL026300 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 057BL UT WOS:000238569800002 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Yoshikawa, S Nanayama, F AF Yasuhara, M Yoshikawa, S Nanayama, F TI Reconstruction of the Holocene seismic history of a seabed fault using relative sea-level curves reconstructed by ostracode assemblages: Case study on the Median Tectonic Line in Iyo-nada Bay, western Japan (vol 222, pg 285, 2005) SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Osaka City Univ, Div Biol & Geosci, Grad Sch Sci, Osaka 5588585, Japan. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Inst Geol & Geoinformat, Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM myasuhara@usgs.gov RI Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008 OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JUN 14 PY 2006 VL 235 IS 4 BP 431 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.11.001 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 053ID UT WOS:000238297900007 ER PT J AU Hill, MC Barlebo, HC Rosbjerg, D AF Hill, MC Barlebo, HC Rosbjerg, D TI Reply to comment by F. Molz et al. on "Investigating the macrodispersion experiment ( MADE) site in Columbus, Mississippi, using a three-dimensional inverse flow and transport model'' SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Tech Univ Denmark, Environm & Resources DTU, Inst Environm & Resources, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. RP Hill, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM mchill@usgs.gov; hcb@geus.dk; dr@er.dtu.dk OI Rosbjerg, Dan/0000-0003-2204-8649 NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 14 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 6 AR W06604 DI 10.1029/2005WR004624 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 057DA UT WOS:000238574700005 ER PT J AU ten Brink, US Geist, EL Andrews, BD AF ten Brink, Uri S. Geist, Eric L. Andrews, Brian D. TI Size distribution of submarine landslides and its implication to tsunami hazard in Puerto Rico SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEBRIS FLOWS; EARTHQUAKE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB We have established for the first time a size frequency distribution for carbonate submarine slope failures. Using detailed bathymetry along the northern edge of the carbonate platform north of Puerto Rico, we show that the cumulative distribution of slope failure volumes follows a power-law distribution. The power-law exponent of this distribution is similar to those for rock falls on land, commensurate with their interpreted failure mode. The carbonate volume distribution and its associated volume-area relationship are significantly different from those for clay-rich debris lobes in the Storegga slide, Norway. Coupling this relationship with tsunami simulations allows an estimate of the maximum tsunami runup and the maximum number of potentially damaging tsunamis from landslides to the north shore of Puerto Rico. C1 Woods Hole Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), Woods Hole Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd,Quissett Campus, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM utenbrink@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400 NR 28 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 11 AR L11307 DI 10.1029/2006GL026125 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 057BK UT WOS:000238569700003 ER PT J AU Bruno, DW Nowak, B Elliott, DG AF Bruno, D. W. Nowak, B. Elliott, D. G. TI Guide to the identification of fish protozoan and metazoan parasites in stained tissue sections SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Review DE identification; light microscopy; metazoa; protozoa; staining; tissue sections ID PROLIFERATIVE KIDNEY-DISEASE; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; PARVICAPSULA-MINIBICORNIS; TETRACAPSULA-BRYOSALMONAE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE AB The identification of protozoan and metazoan parasites is traditionally carried out using a series of classical keys based upon the morphology of the whole organism. However, in stained tissue sections prepared for light microscopy, taxonomic features will be missing, thus making parasite identification difficult. This work highlights the characteristic features of representative parasites in tissue sections to aid identification. The parasite examples discussed are derived from species affecting finfish, and predominantly include parasites associated with disease or those commonly observed as incidental findings in disease diagnostic cases. Emphasis is on protozoan and small metazoan parasites (such as Myxosporidia) because these are the organisms most likely to be missed or mis-diagnosed during gross examination. Figures are presented in colour to assist biologists and veterinarians who are required to assess host/parasite interactions by light microscopy. C1 FRS Marine Lab, Aberdeen, Scotland. Univ Tasmania, CRS Aquafin, Tasmanian Aquaculture & Fisheries Inst, Sch Aquaculture, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bruno, DW (reprint author), FRS Marine Lab, POB 101,375 Victoria Rd, Aberdeen, Scotland. EM d.bruno@marlab.ac.uk NR 75 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUN 12 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 36 DI 10.3354/dao070001 PG 36 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 078PF UT WOS:000240115000001 PM 16875388 ER PT J AU Work, TM Aeby, GS AF Work, Thierry M. Aeby, Greta S. TI Systematically describing gross lesions in corals SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE pathology; coral; lesion; nomenclature; disease; morphology; diagnosis ID DISEASE AB Many coral diseases are characterized based on gross descriptions and, given the lack or difficulty of applying existing laboratory tools to understanding causes of coral diseases, most new diseases will continued to be described based on appearance in the field. Unfortunately, many existing descriptions of coral disease are ambiguous or open to subjective interpretation, making comparisons between oceans problematic. One reason for this is that the process of describing lesions is often confused with that of assigning causality for the lesion. However, causality is usually something not obtained in the field and requires additional laboratory tests. Because a concise and objective morphologic description provides the foundation for a case definition of any disease, there is a need for a consistent and standardized process to describe lesions of corals that focuses on morphology. We provide a framework to systematically describe and name diseases in corals involving 4 steps: (1) naming the disease, (2) describing the lesion, (3) formulating a morphologic diagnosis and (4) formulating an etiologic diagnosis. This process focuses field investigators on describing what they see and separates the process of describing a lesion from that of inferring causality, the latter being more appropriately done using laboratory techniques. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96744 USA. Hollings Marine Lab, Coral Dis & Hlth Consortium, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 5-231, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 19 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUN 12 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.3354/dao070155 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 078PF UT WOS:000240115000015 PM 16875402 ER PT J AU Meibom, A Yurimoto, H Cuif, JP Domart-Coulon, I Houlbreque, F Constantz, B Dauphin, Y Tambutte, E Tambutte, S Allemand, D Wooden, J Dunbar, R AF Meibom, Anders Yurimoto, Hiyayoshi Cuif, Jean-Pierre Domart-Coulon, Isabelle Houlbreque, Fanny Constantz, Brent Dauphin, Yannicke Tambutte, E. Tambutte, Sylvie Allemand, Denis Wooden, Joseph Dunbar, Robert TI Vital effects in coral skeletal composition display strict three-dimensional control SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REEF-BUILDING CORALS; SCLERACTINIAN CORAL; ION MICROPROBE; ARAGONITE; ISOTOPE; THERMOMETRY; CARBONATE; STRONTIUM; ELEMENTS; CELLS AB Biological control over coral skeletal composition is poorly understood but critically important to paleoenvironmental reconstructions. We present microanalytical measurements of trace-element abundances as well as oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions of individual skeletal components in the zooxanthellate coral Colpophyllia sp. Our data show that centers of calcification (COC) have higher trace element concentrations and distinctly lighter isotopic compositions than the fibrous components of the skeleton. These observations necessitate that COC and the fibrous skeleton are precipitated by different mechanisms, which are controlled by specialized domains of the calicoblastic cell-layer. Biological processes control the composition of the skeleton even at the ultrastructure level. C1 Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etud Mat Extraterr LEME, USM 0205, Dept Milieux & Peuplements Aquat, F-75005 Paris, France. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 152, Japan. Ctr Univ Paris Sud, IDES Geol, Fac Sci, UMR 8148, F-91405 Orsay, France. Ctr Sci Monaco, MC-98000 Monaco, Monaco. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Meibom, A (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etud Mat Extraterr LEME, USM 0205, Dept Milieux & Peuplements Aquat, Case Postale 52,57 Rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France. EM meibom@mnhn.fr RI Tambutte, Eric/A-6644-2009; Houlbreque, Fanny/C-9735-2010 NR 29 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 9 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 11 AR L11608 DI 10.1029/2006GL025968 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 052FS UT WOS:000238218500002 ER PT J AU Bay, RC Bramall, NE Price, PB Clow, GD Hawley, RL Udisti, R Castellano, E AF Bay, R. C. Bramall, N. E. Price, P. B. Clow, G. D. Hawley, R. L. Udisti, R. Castellano, E. TI Globally synchronous ice core volcanic tracers and abrupt cooling during the last glacial period SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SCALE CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIPLE DOME; EXPLOSIVE VOLCANISM; TEPHRA LAYERS; GREENLAND; ANTARCTICA; ERUPTIONS; SHEET; ASH; INSTABILITY AB [ 1] We perform a Monte Carlo pattern recognition analysis of the coincidence between three regional volcanic histories from ice coring of Greenland and Antarctica over the period 2 to 45 ka, using SO4 anomalies in Greenland and East Antarctica determined by continuous core chemistry, together with West Antarctic volcanic ash layers determined by remote optical borehole logging and core assays. We find that the Antarctic record of volcanism correlates with Glacial abrupt climate change at a 95% to > 99.8% (similar to 3 sigma) significance level and that volcanic depositions at the three locations match at levels exceeding 3 sigma, likely indicating that many common horizons represent single eruptive events which dispersed material world wide. These globally coincident volcanics were associated with abrupt cooling, often simultaneous with onsets or sudden intensifications of millennial cold periods. The striking agreement between sites implies that the consistency of current timescales obtained by isotopic and glaciological dating methods is better than estimated. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50139 Florence, Italy. RP Bay, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 LeConte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bay@berkeley.edu; bramall@berkeley.edu; bprice@berkeley.edu; clow@usgs.gov; rlh45@cam.ac.uk; udisti@unifi.it; emiliano.castellano@unifi.it RI Udisti, Roberto/M-7966-2015; OI Udisti, Roberto/0000-0003-4440-8238; Becagli, Silvia/0000-0003-3633-4849 NR 48 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 9 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D11 AR D11108 DI 10.1029/2005JD006306 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 052FZ UT WOS:000238219300001 ER PT J AU Hall, DK Williams, RS Casey, KA DiGirolamo, NE Wan, Z AF Hall, DK Williams, RS Casey, KA DiGirolamo, NE Wan, Z TI Satellite-derived, melt-season surface temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet (2000-2005) and its relationship to mass balance SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLEAR-SKY; IN-SITU; EXTENT AB Mean, clear-sky surface temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet was measured for each melt season from 2000 to 2005 using Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived land-surface temperature (LST) data-product maps. During the period of most-active melt, the mean, clear-sky surface temperature of the ice sheet was highest in 2002 ( - 8.29 +/- 5.29 degrees C) and 2005 ( - 8.29 +/- 5.43 degrees C), compared to a 6-year mean of - 9.04 +/- 5.59 degrees C, in agreement with recent work by other investigators showing unusually extensive melt in 2002 and 2005. Surface-temperature variability shows a correspondence with the dry-snow facies of the ice sheet; a reduction in area of the dry-snow facies would indicate a more-negative mass balance. Surface-temperature variability generally increased during the study period and is most pronounced in the 2005 melt season; this is consistent with surface instability caused by air-temperature fluctuations. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hall, DK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dorothy.k.hall@nasa.gov RI Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012; Casey, Kimberly/A-4478-2013 OI Casey, Kimberly/0000-0002-6115-7525 NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 11 AR L11501 DI 10.1029/2006GL026444 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 052FR UT WOS:000238218400006 ER PT J AU Elachi, C Wall, S Janssen, M Stofan, E Lopes, R Kirk, R Lorenz, R Lunine, J Paganelli, F Soderblom, L Wood, C Wye, L Zebker, H Anderson, Y Ostro, S Allison, M Boehmer, R Callahan, P Encrenaz, P Flamini, E Francescetti, G Gim, Y Hamilton, G Hensley, S Johnson, W Kelleher, K Muhleman, D Picardi, G Posa, F Roth, L Seu, R Shaffer, S Stiles, B Vetrella, S West, R AF Elachi, C Wall, S Janssen, M Stofan, E Lopes, R Kirk, R Lorenz, R Lunine, J Paganelli, F Soderblom, L Wood, C Wye, L Zebker, H Anderson, Y Ostro, S Allison, M Boehmer, R Callahan, P Encrenaz, P Flamini, E Francescetti, G Gim, Y Hamilton, G Hensley, S Johnson, W Kelleher, K Muhleman, D Picardi, G Posa, F Roth, L Seu, R Shaffer, S Stiles, B Vetrella, S West, R TI Titan Radar Mapper observations from Cassini's T3 fly-by SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; WINDS AB Cassini's Titan Radar Mapper imaged the surface of Saturn's moon Titan on its February 2005 fly-by ( denoted T-3), collecting high-resolution synthetic-aperture radar and larger-scale radiometry and scatterometry data. These data provide the first definitive identification of impact craters on the surface of Titan, networks of fluvial channels and surficial dark streaks that may be longitudinal dunes. Here we describe this great diversity of landforms. We conclude that much of the surface thus far imaged by radar of the haze-shrouded Titan is very young, with persistent geologic activity. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Proxemy Res, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. IFSI INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Alenia Aerosp, I-00131 Rome, Italy. Fac Ingn, I-80125 Naples, Italy. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00184 Rome, Italy. Politecn Bari, INFM, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Interateneo Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RP Wall, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM steve.wall@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 17 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 8 PY 2006 VL 441 IS 7094 BP 709 EP 713 DI 10.1038/nature04786 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 050NL UT WOS:000238095100044 PM 16760968 ER PT J AU Felzer, KR Brodsky, EE AF Felzer, K. R. Brodsky, E. E. TI Decay of aftershock density with distance indicates triggering by dynamic stress SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE; SEQUENCE; MODELS AB The majority of earthquakes are aftershocks(1), yet aftershock physics is not well understood. Many studies suggest that static stress changes(2,3) trigger aftershocks, but recent work suggests that shaking ( dynamic stresses) may also play a role(4,5). Here we measure the decay of aftershocks as a function of distance from magnitude 2-6 mainshocks in order to clarify the aftershock triggering process. We find that for short times after the main-shock, when low background seismicity rates allow for good aftershock detection, the decay is well fitted by a single inverse power law over distances of 0.2-50 km. The consistency of the trend indicates that the same triggering mechanism is working over the entire range. As static stress changes at the more distant aftershocks are negligible, this suggests that dynamic stresses may be triggering all of these aftershocks. We infer that the observed aftershock density is consistent with the probability of triggering aftershocks being nearly proportional to seismic wave amplitude. The data are not fitted well by models that combine static stress change with the evolution of frictionally locked faults(3). C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Felzer, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM kfelzer@gps.caltech.edu RI Brodsky, Emily/B-9139-2014; OI Brodsky, Emily/0000-0002-6855-6860 NR 28 TC 170 Z9 173 U1 3 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 8 PY 2006 VL 441 IS 7094 BP 735 EP 738 DI 10.1038/nature04799 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 050NL UT WOS:000238095100050 PM 16760974 ER PT J AU Moros, M Andrews, JT Eberl, DD Jansen, E AF Moros, Matthias Andrews, John T. Eberl, Dennis D. Jansen, Eystein TI Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC SEA-ICE; MILLENNIAL-SCALE PERIODICITIES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ICELAND SHELF; NORDIC SEAS; QUANTITATIVE MINERALOGY; SOUTHERN NORWAY; CLIMATE; GREENLAND; CIRCULATION AB [ 1] We present new high-resolution proxy data for the Holocene history of drift ice off Iceland based on the mineralogy of the <2-mm sediment fraction using quantitative X-ray diffraction. These new data, bolstered by a comparison with published proxy records, point to a long-term increasing trend in drift ice input into the North Atlantic from 6 to 5 ka toward the present day at sites influenced by the cold east Greenland Current. This feature reflects the late Holocene Neoglacial or cooling period recorded in ice cores and further terrestrial archives on Greenland. In contrast, a decrease in drift ice during the same period is recorded at sites underlying the North Atlantic Drift, which may reflect a warming of this region. The results document that Holocene changes in iceberg rafting and sea ice advection did not occur uniformly across the North Atlantic. Centennial-scale climate variability in the North Atlantic region over the last similar to 4 kyr is linked to the observed changes in drift ice input. Increased drift ice may have played a role in the increase of cold intervals during the late Holocene, e. g., the Little Ice Age cooling. C1 Univ Bergen, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, Bergen, Norway. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Moros, M (reprint author), Balt Sea Res Inst, Seestr 15, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. EM matthias.moros@bjerknes.uib.no NR 67 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD JUN 8 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 AR PA2017 DI 10.1029/2005PA001214 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 052GY UT WOS:000238222200001 ER PT J AU Westbrook, CJ Cooper, DJ Baker, BW AF Westbrook, CJ Cooper, DJ Baker, BW TI Beaver dams and overbank floods influence groundwater-surface water interactions of a Rocky Mountain riparian area SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TABLE FLUCTUATIONS; NATIONAL-PARK; BANK STORAGE; RIVER; ZONE; ECOSYSTEM; WILLOW; INFILTRATION; MANAGEMENT; FLOODPLAIN AB [ 1] Overbank flooding is recognized by hydrologists as a key process that drives hydrogeomorphic and ecological dynamics in mountain valleys. Beaver create dams that some ecologists have assumed may also drive riparian hydrologic processes, but empirical evidence is lacking. We examined the influence of two in-channel beaver dams and a 10 year flood event on surface inundation, groundwater levels, and flow patterns in a broad alluvial valley during the summers of 2002 - 2005. We studied a 1.5 km reach of the fourth-order Colorado River in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado, USA. The beaver dams and ponds greatly enhanced the depth, extent, and duration of inundation associated with floods; they also elevate the water table during both high and low flows. Unlike previous studies we found the main effects of beaver on hydrologic processes occurred downstream of the dam rather than being confined to the near-pond area. Beaver dams on the Colorado River caused river water to move around them as surface runoff and groundwater seepage during both high- and low-flow periods. The beaver dams attenuated the expected water table decline in the drier summer months for 9 and 12 ha of the 58 ha study area. Thus we provide empirical evidence that beaver can influence hydrologic processes during the peak flow and low-flow periods on some streams, suggesting that beaver can create and maintain hydrologic regimes suitable for the formation and persistence of wetlands. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Westbrook, CJ (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geog, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5, Canada. EM cherie.westbrook@usask.ca NR 42 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 8 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 6 AR W06404 DI 10.1029/2005WR004560 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 052HE UT WOS:000238222900003 ER PT J AU Miller, EL Toro, J Gehrels, G Amato, JM Prokopiev, A Tuchkova, MI Akinin, VV Dumitru, TA Moore, TE Cecile, MP AF Miller, EL Toro, J Gehrels, G Amato, JM Prokopiev, A Tuchkova, MI Akinin, VV Dumitru, TA Moore, TE Cecile, MP TI New insights into Arctic paleogeography and tectonics from U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID TRIASSIC BOUNDARY; SIBERIAN TRAPS; EVOLUTION; OCEAN; BASIN; METAMORPHISM; CONSTRAINTS; SANDSTONES; PROVENANCE; CHUKOTKA AB [ 1] To test existing models for the formation of the Amerasian Basin, detrital zircon suites from 12 samples of Triassic sandstone from the circum-Arctic region were dated by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The northern Verkhoyansk ( NE Russia) has Permo-Carboniferous ( 265 - 320 Ma) and Cambro-Silurian ( 410 - 505 Ma) zircon populations derived via river systems from the active Baikal Mountain region along the southern Siberian craton. Chukotka, Wrangel Island ( Russia), and the Lisburne Hills ( western Alaska) also have Permo-Carboniferous ( 280 - 330 Ma) and late Precambrian-Silurian ( 420 - 580 Ma) zircons in addition to Permo-Triassic ( 235 - 265 Ma), Devonian ( 340 - 390 Ma), and late Precambrian ( 1000 - 1300 Ma) zircons. These ages suggest at least partial derivation from the Taimyr, Siberian Trap, and/ or east Urals regions of Arctic Russia. The northerly derived Ivishak Formation (Sadlerochit Mountains, Alaska) and Pat Bay Formation ( Sverdrup Basin, Canada) are dominated by Cambrian - latest Precambrian ( 500 - 600 Ma) and 445 - 490 Ma zircons. Permo-Carboniferous and Permo-Triassic zircons are absent. The Bjorne Formation ( Sverdrup Basin), derived from the south, differs from other samples studied with mostly 1130 - 1240 Ma and older Precambrian zircons in addition to 430 - 470 Ma zircons. The most popular plate tectonic model for the origin of the Amerasian Basin involves counterclockwise rotation of the Arctic Alaska Chukotka microplate away from the Canadian Arctic margin. The detrital zircon data suggest that the Chukotka part of the microplate originated closer to the Taimyr and Verkhoyansk, east of the Polar Urals of Russia, and not from the Canadian Arctic. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Diamond & Precis Met Geol Inst, Yakutsk 677980, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol, Moscow 119017, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, NEISRI, Magadan 685000, Russia. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada. RP Miller, EL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Blvd 320, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM miller@pangea.stanford.edu; jtoro@wvu.edu; ggehrels@geo.arizona.edu; amato@nmsu.edu; prokopiev@diamond.ysn.ru; tuchkova@ginras.ru; petrol@neisri.magadan.ru; trevor@pangea.stanford.edu; tmoore@usgs.gov; mcecile@nrcan.gc.ca RI Koroleva, Olga/C-1306-2012; Akinin, Viacheslav/A-5937-2016; Tuchkova, Marianna/H-9218-2016 OI Akinin, Viacheslav/0000-0001-9984-2571; NR 78 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD JUN 6 PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 AR TC3013 DI 10.1029/2005TC001830 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 052HB UT WOS:000238222500001 ER PT J AU Hale, RC Gallo, KP Owen, TW Loveland, TR AF Hale, RC Gallo, KP Owen, TW Loveland, TR TI Land use/land cover change effects on temperature trends at U.S. Climate Normals stations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; FLORIDA; IMPACT; WEATHER; SERIES; MODEL; TIME AB Alterations in land use/land cover (LULC) in areas near meteorological observation stations can influence the measurement of climatological variables such as temperature. Urbanization near climate stations has been the focus of considerable research attention, however conversions between non-urban LULC classes may also have an impact. In this study, trends of minimum, maximum, and average temperature at 366 U. S. Climate Normals stations are analyzed based on changes in LULC defined by the U. S. Land Cover Trends Project. Results indicate relatively few significant temperature trends before periods of greatest LULC change, and these are generally evenly divided between warming and cooling trends. In contrast, after the period of greatest LULC change was observed, 95% of the stations that exhibited significant trends ( minimum, maximum, or mean temperature) displayed warming trends. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USGS, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Hale, RC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rhale@usgs.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 21 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 11 AR L11703 DI 10.1029/2006GL026358 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 050EF UT WOS:000238069600007 ER PT J AU Wickland, KP Striegl, RG Neff, JC Sachs, T AF Wickland, Kimberly P. Striegl, Robert G. Neff, Jason C. Sachs, Torsten TI Effects of permafrost melting on CO2 and CH4 exchange of a poorly drained black spruce lowland SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PICEA-MARIANA FOREST; CARBON BALANCE; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; NORTHERN PEATLANDS; METHANE EMISSIONS; BOREAL PEATLANDS; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; PEAT ACCUMULATION AB Permafrost melting is occurring in areas of the boreal forest region where large amounts of carbon ( C) are stored in organic soils. We measured soil respiration, net CO2 flux, and net CH4 flux during May - September 2003 and March 2004 in a black spruce lowland in interior Alaska to better understand how permafrost thaw in poorly drained landscapes affects land-atmosphere CO2 and CH4 exchange. Sites included peat soils underlain by permafrost at similar to 0.4 m depth ( permafrost plateau, PP), four thermokarst wetlands ( TW) having no permafrost in the upper 2.2 m, and peat soils bordering the thermokarst wetlands having permafrost at similar to 0.5 m depth ( thermokarst edges, TE). Soil respiration rates were not significantly different among the sites, and 5-cm soil temperature explained 50 - 91% of the seasonal variability in soil respiration within the sites. Groundcover vegetation photosynthesis ( calculated as net CO2 minus soil respiration) was significantly different among the sites ( TW > TE > PP), which can be partly attributed to the difference in photosynthetically active radiation reaching the ground at each site type. Methane emission rates were 15 to 28 times greater from TW than from TE and PP. We modeled annual soil respiration and groundcover vegetation photosynthesis using soil temperature and radiation data, and CH4 flux by linear interpolation. We estimated all sites as net C gas sources to the atmosphere ( not including tree CO2 uptake at PP and TE), although the ranges in estimates when accounting for errors were large enough that TE and TW may have been net C sinks. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Wickland, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; Sachs, Torsten/P-8840-2015; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 NR 75 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUN 2 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G2 AR G02011 DI 10.1029/2005JG000099 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090XX UT WOS:000240990700002 ER PT J AU Montgomery, SL Jarvie, DM Bowker, KA Pollastro, RM AF Montgomery, SL Jarvie, DM Bowker, KA Pollastro, RM TI Mississippian Barnett Shale, Fort Worth basin, north-central Texas: Gas-shale play with multi-trillion cubic foot potential: Reply SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID ARKOMA BASIN; OUACHITA; MARGIN C1 Humble Instruments & Serv Inc, Humble Geochem Serv Div, Humble, TX 77347 USA. Star Texas Energy Serv Inc, Spring, TX 77393 USA. US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Team, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Montgomery, SL (reprint author), 1511 18th Ave E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM scott.montgomery@prodigy.net; danjarvie@humble-inc.com; kb@staroftexasenergy.com; pollastro@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 6 BP 967 EP 969 DI 10.1306/02090605186 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 059OL UT WOS:000238742000008 ER PT J AU Peterson, CE Szaro, RC AF Peterson, Charles E. Szaro, Robert C. TI Building a foundation for sustainable science-based forest management: Long-term multi-purpose experiments in the forest sector - Foreword SO ALLGEMEINE FORST UND JAGDZEITUNG LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Peterson, CE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM cepeterson@fs.fed.us; rszaro@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0002-5852 J9 ALLG FORST JAGDZTG JI Allg. Forst Jagdztg. PD JUN-JUL PY 2006 VL 177 IS 6-7 BP 97 EP 98 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 065EK UT WOS:000239142000001 ER PT J AU Szaro, RC Peterson, CE von Gadow, K AF Szaro, R. C. Peterson, C. E. von Gadow, K. TI Operational experiments for sustainably managing forests SO ALLGEMEINE FORST UND JAGDZEITUNG LA English DT Article DE sustainable forest management; forest ecological experiments; uncertainty; continuous cover; ecosystem management ID SILVICULTURE AB Historically, applied manipulative studies of forests have tested the ability of specific silvicultural treatments to address wood production objectives. Changing societal values now demand expanded approaches to forest management that also integrate social, ecological, and economic goals. As a result, many recent (past decade) experimental manipulations have become multi-disciplinary in scope and approach and involve restorative treatments, novel silvicultural approaches or variants of more traditional approaches that are relevant to operational scales. We examine a wide range of manipulative forest ecological experiments that have addressed a variety of responses to changes in forest structure or function. The silvicultural treatments employed in these experiments were often-times designed by interdisciplinary teams (e.g., forest ecologists, sociologists, biologists, economists, and silviculturists) with wood production and additional ecological, social or economic objectives as joint outcomes. Individually and collectively these studies represent major investments by research and land management organizations to meet increasing public demands for forests that provide healthy environments for people (clean air and water), support biological diversity (e.g., habitat), and sustain economic productivity (wood or other forest products and jobs). C1 US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Forest Management, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Szaro, RC (reprint author), US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 300, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rszaro@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0002-5852 J9 ALLG FORST JAGDZTG JI Allg. Forst Jagdztg. PD JUN-JUL PY 2006 VL 177 IS 6-7 BP 98 EP 104 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 065EK UT WOS:000239142000002 ER PT J AU Runge, JP Runge, MC Nichols, JD AF Runge, Jonathan P. Runge, Michael C. Nichols, James D. TI The role of local populations within a landscape context: Defining and classifying sources and sinks SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Review DE source-sink; habitat quality; emigration; spatial ecology; habitat management; population processes ID POLLOCKS ROBUST DESIGN; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; YELLOWSTONE GRIZZLY BEARS; TAG-RECOVERY DATA; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; MARK-RECAPTURE; BUTTERFLY METAPOPULATION; BREEDING PROPORTIONS; BALANCED DISPERSAL; SPATIAL DYNAMICS AB The interaction of local populations has been the focus of an increasing number of studies in the past 30 years. The study of source-sink dynamics has especially generated much interest. Many of the criteria used to distinguish sources and sinks incorporate the process of apparent survival ( i.e., the combined probability of true survival and site fidelity) but not emigration. These criteria implicitly treat emigration as mortality, thus biasing the classification of sources and sinks in a manner that could lead to flawed habitat management. Some of the same criteria require rather restrictive assumptions about population equilibrium that, when violated, can also generate misleading inference. Here, we expand on a criterion ( denoted "contribution" or) that incorporates successful emigration in differentiating sources and sinks and that makes no restrictive assumptions about dispersal or equilibrium processes in populations of interest. The metric is rooted in the theory of matrix population C(r) models, yet it also contains clearly specified parameters that have been estimated in previous empirical research. We suggest that estimates of emigration are important for delineating sources and sinks and, more generally, for evaluating how local populations interact to generate overall system dynamics. This suggestion has direct implications for issues such as species conservation and habitat management. C1 Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Runge, JP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jprunge@uga.edu; mrunge@usgs.gov; jnichols@usgs.gov RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X NR 105 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 11 U2 68 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 167 IS 6 BP 925 EP 938 DI 10.1086/503531 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 053YG UT WOS:000238341500012 PM 16615034 ER PT J AU Mazerolle, MJ AF Mazerolle, Marc J. TI Improving data analysis in herpetology: using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to assess the strength of biological hypotheses SO AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA LA English DT Article DE data analysis; estimation; hypothesis testing; model averaging; regression; significance; stepwise; variable selection ID KULLBACK-LEIBLER INFORMATION; NULL HYPOTHESIS; MODEL SELECTION; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SIGNIFICANCE TESTS; COMMON TOADS; INFERENCE; AMPHIBIANS; SURVIVAL; PROBABILITIES AB In ecology, researchers frequently use observational studies to explain a given pattern, such as the number of individuals in a habitat patch, with a large number of explanatory (i.e., independent) variables. To elucidate such relationships, ecologists have long relied on hypothesis testing to include or exclude variables in regression models, although the conclusions often depend on the approach used (e.g., forward, backward, stepwise selection). Though better tools have surfaced in the mid 1970's, they are still underutilized in certain fields, particularly in herpetology. This is the case of the Akaike information criterion (AIC) which is remarkably superior in model selection (i.e., variable selection) than hypothesis-based approaches. It is simple to compute and easy to understand, but more importantly, for a given data set, it provides a measure of the strength of evidence for each model that represents a plausible biological hypothesis relative to the entire set of models considered. Using this approach, one can then compute a weighted average of the estimate and standard error for any given variable of interest across all the models considered. This procedure, termed model-averaging or multimodel inference, yields precise and robust estimates. In this paper, I illustrate the use of the AIC in model selection and inference, as well as the interpretation of results analysed in this framework with two real herpetological data sets. The AIC and measures derived from it is should be routinely adopted by herpetologists. C1 Univ Laval, Fac Foresterie & Geomat, Ctr Rech Biol Forestiere, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Mazerolle, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mmazerolle@usgs.gov OI Mazerolle, Marc/0000-0002-0486-0310 NR 57 TC 169 Z9 171 U1 13 U2 78 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0173-5373 J9 AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA JI Amphib. Reptil. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1163/156853806777239922 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 063VV UT WOS:000239048900002 ER PT J AU Baldigo, BP Sloan, RJ Smith, SB Denslow, ND Blazer, VS Gross, TS AF Baldigo, BP Sloan, RJ Smith, SB Denslow, ND Blazer, VS Gross, TS TI Polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, and potential endocrine disruption in fish from the Hudson River, New York, USA SO AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruption; Hudson River; fish; mercury; PCBs ID BASS MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; SEX STEROID-HORMONES; LARGEMOUTH BASS; CHANNA-PUNCTATUS; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; TELEOSTEAN FISH; VITELLOGENIN; CATFISH; SEWAGE; REPRODUCTION AB Tissue residues of total mercury (Hg), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and lipid-based PCBs; plasma concentrations of endocrine biomarkers; and reproductive and histologic biomarkers were assessed in 460 carp (Cyprinus carpio), bass (Micropterus salmoides and Micropterus dolomieui), and bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) collected from eight sites across the Hudson River Basin in the spring of 1998 to determine if endocrine disruption was evident in resident fish species and to evaluate contaminant-biomarker interrelations. Total PCBs in bed sediments (maximum 2,500 mu g kg(-1)) could explain 64 to 90% of the variability in lipidbased PCB residues in tissues (maximum 1,250 mu g PCB g-lipid(-1)) of the four species. The 17 beta-estradiol to 11-ketotestosterone ratio, typically less than 1.0 in male fish and greater than 1.0 in females, exceeded 1.4 in all male largemouth bass and 35% of male carp and bullhead at one site 21 km downstream from a major PCB source. Endocrine biomarkers were significantly correlated with total Hg in female smallmouth bass and carp, and with lipid-based PCBs in males of all four species. Empirical evidence of endocrine modulation in blood plasma of male and female fish from sites with and without high PCB residues in bed sediments and fish tissues suggest that PCBs, Hg, or other contaminants may disrupt normal endocrine function in fish of the Hudson River. C1 US Geol Survey, New York State Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Fish Wildlife & Marine Resources, Albany, NY 12233 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Baldigo, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York State Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM bbaldigo@usgs.gov NR 72 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 26 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-1621 J9 AQUAT SCI JI Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 2 BP 206 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s00027-006-0831-8 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 055ME UT WOS:000238454000008 ER PT J AU Nemeth, NM Hahn, DC Gould, DH Bowen, RA AF Nemeth, NM Hahn, DC Gould, DH Bowen, RA TI Experimental West Nile virus infection in Eastern Screech Owls (Megascops asio) SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; Eastern Screech Owl; Megascops asio; experimental infection; viremia; shedding; antibody; histopathology ID NORTH-AMERICAN OWLS; NEW-YORK; BIRDS; OUTBREAK AB Eastern Screech Owls (EASOs) were experimentally infected with the pathogenic New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus (WNV) by subcutaneous injection or per os. Two of nine subcutaneously inoculated birds died or were euthanatized on 8 or 9 days postinfection (DPI) after < 24 hr of lethargy and recumbency. All subcutaneously inoculated birds developed levels of viremia that are likely infectious to mosquitoes, with peak viremia levels ranging from 10(5.0) to 10(9.6) plaque-forming units/ml. Despite the viremia, the remaining seven birds did not display signs of illness. All birds alive beyond 5 DPI seroconverted, although the morbid birds demonstrated significantly lower antibody titers than the clinically normal birds. Cagernates of infected birds did not become infected. One of five orally exposed EASOs became viremic and seroconverted, whereas WNV infection in the remaining four birds was not evident. All infected birds shed virus via the oral and cloacal route. Early during infection, WNV targeted skin, spleen, esophagus, and skeletal muscle. The two morbid owls had myocardial and skeletal muscle necrosis and mild encephalitis and nephritis, whereas some of the clinically healthy birds that were sacrificed on 14 DPI had myocardial arteritis and renal phlebitis. WNV is a significant pathogen of EASOs, causing pathologic lesions with varying clinical outcomes. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Nemeth, NM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI25489] NR 17 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 252 EP 258 DI 10.1637/7466-110105R1.1 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 057GD UT WOS:000238583400015 PM 16863076 ER PT J AU Helweg, DA Moore, PW Martin, S Dankiewicz, LA AF Helweg, David A. Moore, Patrick W. Martin, StephenW Dankiewicz, Lois A. TI Using a binaural biomimetic array to identify bottom objects ensonified by echolocating dolphins SO BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS LA English DT Article AB The development of a unique dolphin biomimetic sonar produced data that were used to study signal processing methods for object identification. Echoes from four metallic objects proud on the bottom, and a substrate-only condition, were generated by bottlenose dolphins trained to ensonify the targets in very shallow water. Using the two-element ('binaural') receive array, object echo spectra were collected and submitted for identification to four neural network architectures. Identification accuracy was evaluated over two receive array configurations, and five signal processing schemes. The four neural networks included backpropagation, learning vector quantization, genetic learning and probabilistic network architectures. The processing schemes included four methods that capitalized on the binaural data, plus a monaural benchmark process. All the schemes resulted in above-chance identification accuracy when applied to learning vector quantization and backpropagation. Beam-forming or concatenation of spectra from both receive elements outperformed the monaural benchmark, with higher sensitivity and lower bias. Ultimately, best object identification performance was achieved by the learning vector quantization network supplied with beam-formed data. The advantages of multi-element signal processing for object identification are clearly demonstrated in this development of a first-ever dolphin biomimetic sonar. C1 [Helweg, David A.; Moore, Patrick W.] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Martin, StephenW] SSC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Dankiewicz, Lois A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Helweg, DA (reprint author), USGS, BRD, PIERC, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM david_helweg@usgs.gov; patrick.moore@navy.mil NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-3182 J9 BIOINSPIR BIOMIM JI Bioinspir. Biomim. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 1 IS 2 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1088/1748-3182/1/2/002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Robotics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Robotics GA V06BT UT WOS:000207169800004 PM 17671305 ER PT J AU Wilson, SM Madel, MJ Mattson, DJ Graham, JM Merrill, T AF Wilson, SM Madel, MJ Mattson, DJ Graham, JM Merrill, T TI Landscape conditions predisposing grizzly bears to conflicts on private agricultural lands in the western USA SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE attractants; beehives; conflict; grizzly bear; landscapes; livestock; Montana; private lands; ranches ID MODEL; CONSERVATION; PREDATION; ECOSYSTEM; LIVESTOCK; CANADA; CATTLE AB We used multiple logistic regression to model how different landscape conditions contributed to the probability of human-grizzly bear conflicts on private agricultural ranch lands. We used locations of livestock pastures, traditional livestock carcass disposal areas (boneyards), beehives, and wetland-riparian associated vegetation to model the locations of 178 reported human-grizzly bear conflicts along the Rocky Mountain East Front, Montana, USA during 1986-2001. We surveyed 61 livestock producers in the upper Teton watershed of north-central Montana, to collect spatial and temporal data on livestock pastures, boneyards, and beehives for the same period, accounting for changes in livestock and boneyard management and beehive location and protection, for each season. We used 2032 random points to represent the null hypothesis of random location relative to potential explanatory landscape features, and used Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC/AlCG) and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics for model selection. We used a resulting "best" model to map contours of predicted probabilities of conflict, and used this map for verification with an independent dataset of conflicts to provide additional insights regarding the nature of conflicts. The presence of riparian vegetation and distances to spring, summer, and fall sheep or cattle pastures, calving and sheep lambing areas, unmanaged boneyards, and fenced and unfenced beehives were all associated with the likelihood of human-grizzly bear conflicts. our model suggests that collections of attractants concentrated in high quality bear habitat largely explain broad patterns of human-grizzly bear conflicts on private agricultural land in our study area. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, Choteau, MT 59422 USA. No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. LTB Inst Landscape, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Wilson, SM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM swilson@bigsky.net NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 130 IS 1 BP 47 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.001 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 052YC UT WOS:000238269000005 ER PT J AU Kautz, R Kawula, R Hoctor, T Comiskey, J Jansen, D Jennings, D Kasbohm, J Mazzotti, F McBride, R Richardson, L Root, K AF Kautz, R Kawula, R Hoctor, T Comiskey, J Jansen, D Jennings, D Kasbohm, J Mazzotti, F McBride, R Richardson, L Root, K TI How much is enough? Landscape-scale conservation for the Florida panther SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Florida panther; Puma concolor coryi; conservation planning; habitat; corridors ID HABITAT USE; SOUTH FLORIDA; HOME-RANGE; DISPERSAL; FORESTS AB The Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) is an endangered, wide-ranging predator whose habitat needs conflict with a rapidly growing human population. Our goal was to identify specific regions of the south Florida landscape that are of high conservation value to support a self-sustaining panther population. We used compositional and Euclidean distance analyses to determine relative importance of various land cover types as panther habitat and to investigate the role of forest patch size in habitat selection. A model of landscape components important to Florida panther habitat conservation was created. The model was used in combination with radio telemetry records, home range overlaps, land use/land cover data, and satellite imagery to delineate Primary and Secondary zones that would comprise a landscape mosaic of cover types sufficient to support a self-sustaining population. The Primary Zone generally supports the present population and is of highest conservation value, while the Secondary Zone is of lesser value but could accommodate expansion of the population given sufficient habitat restoration. Least-cost path models identified important landscape linkages, and model results were used to delineate a Dispersal Zone to accommodate future panther dispersal outside of south Florida. We determined that the three habitat zones could support 80-94 panthers, a population likely to persist and remain stable for 100 years, but that would be subject to continued genetic problems. The Primary, Dispersal and Secondary zones comprise essential components of a landscape-scale conservation plan for the protection of a viable Florida panther population in south Florida. Assessments of potential impacts of developments should strive to achieve no net loss of landscape function or carrying capacity for panthers within the Primary Zone or throughout the present range of the Florida panther. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Landscape Architecture, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Tennessee, Inst Environm Modeling, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Big Cypress Natl Preserve, Ochopee, FL 34141 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32216 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Crystal River, FL 34429 USA. Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Davie, FL 33314 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Panther Natl Wildlife Refuge, Naples, FL 34114 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Kautz, R (reprint author), Breedlove Dennis & Associates Inc, 2625 Neuchatel Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. EM rkautz@bda-inc.com NR 48 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 13 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 130 IS 1 BP 118 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.007 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 052YC UT WOS:000238269000011 ER PT J AU Larson, DL Royer, RA Royer, MR AF Larson, DL Royer, RA Royer, MR TI Insect visitation and pollen deposition in an invaded prairie plant community SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE biological invasion; Euphorbia esula; halictidae; mixed-grass prairie; pollen on stigmas ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; LEAFY SPURGE; SEED-SET; POLLINATOR INTERACTIONS; BUMBLE BEES; COMPETITION; MUTUALISMS; DIVERSITY; INVASION; DENSITY AB Invasive plants with large flowering displays have been shown to compete with native plants for pollinator services, often to the detriment of native plant fitness. in this study, we compare the pollinator communities and pollen deposited on stigmas of native plant species within and away from stands of the invasive alien plant, leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) at a large natural area in North Dakota, USA. Specifically, we ask if infestation influences (1) visitation rates and taxonomic composition of visitors to native flowers, and (2) the amount of conspecific pollen, number of pollen species, and proportion of heterospecific pollen on stigmas of native plants. We observed visits to selected native species during May and June 2000 and 2001. Stigmas were collected from a subsample of the flowers within these plots, squashed, and the pollen identified and counted under a light microscope. Visitation varied between years and among species of native plants: infestation had mixed effects in 2000 but visitation, especially by halictids was always lower within infestations in 2001. Despite differences in visitation between years, we found significantly less conspecific pollen on stigmas from infested plots in six of eight cases; we never found significantly more conspecific pollen on stigmas from within infestations. Our results emphasize the temporal variability in plant-pollinator relations and the added complexity imposed by an invasive species that will always make prediction of effects difficult. Nonetheless, the consistently lower conspecific pollen counts on native stigmas within infestations, regardless of visitation, suggest the likelihood of negative effects. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Minot State Univ, Div Sci, Minot, MD USA. RP Larson, DL (reprint author), USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 100 Ecol Bldg,1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dlarson@usgs.gov OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 NR 35 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 130 IS 1 BP 148 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.009 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 052YC UT WOS:000238269000013 ER PT J AU Spiegel, CS Hart, PJ Woodworth, BL Tweed, EJ LeBrun, JJ AF Spiegel, Caleb S. Hart, Patrick J. Woodworth, Bethany L. Tweed, Erik J. LeBrun, Jaymi J. TI Distribution and abundance of forest birds in low-altitude habitat on Hawai'i Island: evidence for range expansion of native species SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID POPULATION PERSISTENCE; AVIAN MALARIA; CONSERVATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; LANDSCAPES; AVIFAUNA; DISEASES; AMAKIHI; APAPANE AB The Hawaiian honeycreepers are thought to be limited primarily to middle- and high-altitude wet forests due to anthropogenic factors at lower altitudes, especially introduced mosquito-transmitted avian malaria. However, recent research has demonstrated that at least one native species, the Hawai'i 'Amakihi (Hemignathus virens virens), is common in areas of active malaria transmission. We examined the current distribution and abundance of native and exotic forest birds within approximately 640 km(2), of low-altitude (0-326 m) habitat on south-eastern Hawai'i island, using roadside variable circular plot (VCP) at 174 stations along eight survey transects. We also re-surveyed go stations near sea level that were last surveyed in 1994-1995. Overall, introduced species were more abundant than natives; 11 exotic species made up 87% of the total individuals detected. The most common exotic passerines were Japanese White-eye (Zosterops japonicus), House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) and Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). Two native species, Hawai'i 'Amakihi and 'Apapane (Himatione sanguina), comprised 13% of the bird community at low altitudes. Hawai'i 'Amakihi were the most common and widespread native species, being found at 47% of stations at a density of 4.98 birds/ha (95% CI 3.52-7-03). 'Amakihi were significantly associated with 'ohi'a (Metrosideros polymorpha)-dominated forest. 'Apapane were more locally distributed, being found at only 10% of stations. Re-surveys Of 1994-1995 transects demonstrated a significant increase in 'Amakihi abundance over the past decade. This work demonstrates a widespread recovery of Hawai'i 'Amakihi at low altitude in southeastern Hawaii. The changing composition of the forest bird community at low-altitudes in Hawai'i has important implications for the dynamics of avian malaria in low-altitude Hawai'i, and for conservation of Hawai'i's lowland forests. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Hart, PJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, 200 W Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM pjhart@hawaii.edu NR 40 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 EI 1474-0001 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1017/S0959270906000244 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 062BD UT WOS:000238918400006 ER PT J AU Wang, GQ Tang, GQ Boore, DM Burbach, GVN Jackson, CR Zhou, XY Lin, QL AF Wang, GQ Tang, GQ Boore, DM Burbach, GVN Jackson, CR Zhou, XY Lin, QL TI Surface waves in the western Taiwan coastal plain from an aftershock of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRONG GROUND-MOTION; DENSE SEISMIC ARRAY; EDGE-INDUCED WAVES; 1971 SAN-FERNANDO; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; RESPONSE SPECTRA; CALIFORNIA; BASIN; AREA; AMPLIFICATION AB Significant surface waves were recorded in the western coastal plain (WCP) of Taiwan during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake and its series of aftershocks. We study in detail the surface waves produced by one aftershock (20 September 1999, 18 hr 03 m 41.16 sec, M 6.2) in this paper. We take the Chelungpu-Chukou fault to be the eastern edge of the WCP because it marks a distinct lateral contrast in seismic wave velocities in the upper few kilometers of the surface. For many records from stations within the WCP, body waves and surface waves separate well in both the time domain and the period domain. Long-period (e.g., > 2 sec) ground motions in the plain are dominated by surface waves. Significant prograde Rayleigh wave particle motions were observed in the WCP. The observed peak ground velocities are about 3-5 times larger than standard predictions in the central and western part of the plain. Observed response spectra at 3 sec, 4 sec, and 5 sec at the center of the plain can be 15 times larger than standard predictions and 10 times larger than the predictions of Joyner (2000) based on surface wave data from the Los Angeles basin. The strong surface waves were probably generated at the boundary of the WCP and then propagated toward the west, largely along radial directions relative to the epicenter. The geometry of the boundary may have had a slight effect on propagation directions of surface waves. Group velocities of fundamental mode Rayleigh and Love waves are estimated using the multiple filter analysis (MFA) technique and are refined with phase matched filtering (PMF). Group velocities of fundamental mode surface waves range from about 0.7 km/sec to 1.5 km/sec for the phases at periods from 3 sec to 10 sec. One important observation from this study is that the strongest surface waves were recorded in the center of the plain. The specific location of the strongest motions depends largely on the period of surface waves rather than on specific site conditions or plain structures. Accordingly, we conjecture that surface waves could be generated in a wide area close to boundaries of low-velocity sedimentary wave guides. In the case studied in this article the area can be as wide as 30 km (from the Chelungpu fault to the center of the plain). Surface waves converted by P and S waves at different locations would overlap each other and add constructively along their propagation paths. As a result, the surface waves would get stronger and stronger. Beyond a certain distance to the boundary, no more surface waves would be generated. Consequently, no more local surface waves would be superimposed into the invasive surface waves, and the surface waves would tend to decay in amplitude with distance. C1 N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Beijing Polytech Univ, Coll Architecture & Civil Engn, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China. RP Wang, GQ (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, 1601 E Market St, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM gwang@ncat.edu; gtang@ncat.edu; boore@usgs.gov; zhouxy@bjut.edu.cn NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 BP 821 EP 845 DI 10.1785/0120050088 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 049FJ UT WOS:000238001100004 ER PT J AU Langston, CA Bodin, P Powell, C Withers, M Horton, S Mooney, W AF Langston, CA Bodin, P Powell, C Withers, M Horton, S Mooney, W TI Explosion source strong ground motions in the Mississippi embayment SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC DEFORMATIONS; SHALLOW SEDIMENTS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; VALLEY; ARRAY; EARTHQUAKE; MEXICO; STRAINS AB Two strong-motion arrays were deployed for the October 2002 Embayment Seismic Excitation Experiment to study the spatial variation of strong ground motions in the deep, unconsolidated sediments of the Mississippi embayment because there are no comparable strong-motion data from natural earthquakes in the area. Each linear array consisted of eight three-component K2 accelerographs spaced 15 in apart situated 1.2 and 2.5 km from 2268-kg and 1134-kg borehole explosion sources, respectively. The array data show distinct body-wave and surface-wave arrivals that propagate within the thick, unconsolidated sedimentary column, the high-velocity basement rocks, and small-scale structure near the surface. Time-domain coherence of body-wave and surface-wave arrivals is computed for acceleration, velocity, and displacement time windows. Coherence is high for relatively low-frequency vertical-component Rayleigh waves and high-frequency P waves propagating across the array. Prominent high-frequency PS conversions seen on radial components, a proxy for the direct S wave from earthquake sources, lose coherence quickly over the 105-m length of the array. Transverse component signals are least coherent for any ground motion and appear to be highly scattered. Horizontal phase velocity is computed by using the ratio of particle velocity to estimates of the strain based on a plane-wave-propagation model. The resulting time-dependent phase-velocity map is a useful way to infer the propagation mechanisms of individual seismic phases and time windows of three-component waveforms. Displacement gradient analysis is a complementary technique for processing general spatial-array data to obtain horizontal slowness information. C1 Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 91125 USA. RP Langston, CA (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 BP 1038 EP 1054 DI 10.1785/0120050105 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 049FJ UT WOS:000238001100019 ER PT J AU Kilb, D Hardebeck, JL AF Kilb, Debi Hardebeck, Jeanne L. TI Fault parameter constraints using relocated earthquakes: A validation of first-motion focal-mechanism data SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AMPLITUDE RATIOS; REGIONAL SEISMICITY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; STRESS TRANSFER; HAYWARD FAULT; ARTHURS PASS; LOMA-PRIETA; NEW-ZEALAND; 1999 IZMIT; M-W AB We estimate the strike and dip of three California fault segments (Calaveras, Sargent, and a portion of the San Andreas near San Jaun Bautistia) based on principle component analysis of accurately located microearthquakes. We compare these fault orientations with two different first-motion focal mechanism catalogs: the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC) catalog, calculated using the FPFIT algorithm (Reasenberg and Oppenheimer, 1985), and a catalog created using the HASH algorithm that tests mechanism stability relative to seismic velocity model variations and earthquake location (Hardebeck and Shearer, 2002). We assume any disagreement (misfit > 30 degrees in strike, dip, or rake) indicates inaccurate focal mechanisms in the catalogs. With this assumption, we can quantify the parameters that identify the most optimally constrained focal mechanisms. For the NCEDC/FPFIT catalogs, we find that the best quantitative discriminator of quality focal mechanisms is the station distribution ratio (STDR) parameter, an indicator of how the stations are distributed about the focal sphere. Requiring STDR > 0.65 increases the acceptable mechanisms from 34%-37% to 63%-68%. This suggests stations should be uniformly distributed surrounding, rather than aligning, known fault traces. For the HASH catalogs, the fault plane uncertainty (FPU) parameter is the best discriminator, increasing the percent of acceptable mechanisms from 63%-78% to 81%-83% when FPU <= 35 degrees. The overall higher percentage of acceptable mechanisms and the usefulness of the formal uncertainty in identifying quality mechanisms validate the HASH approach of testing for mechanism stability. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Cecil H & Ida M Green Inst Geophys & Planetary Ph, IGPP, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kilb, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Cecil H & Ida M Green Inst Geophys & Planetary Ph, IGPP, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. OI Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 NR 71 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 BP 1140 EP 1158 DI 10.1785/0120040239 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 049FJ UT WOS:000238001100026 ER PT J AU Cramer, C AF Cramer, C TI An assessment of the impact of the 2003 EPRI ground-motion prediction models on the USGS national seismic-hazard maps SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; 25 NOVEMBER 1988; SAGUENAY EARTHQUAKE; LG ATTENUATION; SOUTHEASTERN CANADA; SOURCE SPECTRA; QUEBEC; WAVES; SHAPE AB Ground-motion attenuation relations have an important impact on seismic hazard analyses. Ground-motion modeling is particularly sensitive to assumptions about wave-propagation attenuation (crustal Q and geometrical spreading), as well as source and site conditions. Studies of path attenuation from earthquakes in eastern North America (ENA) provide insights into the appropriateness of specific attenuation relations. An Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) (2003, 2004) study combines published ENA ground-motion attenuation relations into four model forms: single-corner, double-corner, hybrid-empirical, and finite-fault. When substituted in the U.S. Geological Survey 2002 national seismic hazard maps for the five ENA relations originally used in those hazard calculations, the EPRI (2003) relations predict similar ground motions and hazard at short periods (< 0.5 sec) and significantly lower ground motions (20%-50%) at longer periods (> 0.5 sec), relative to the 2002 national maps. A major reason for this difference is due to the crustal seismic-wave attenuation model assumed in a few of the ENA relations combined into the EPRI (2003, 2004) models. Although appropriate differences in geometrical spreading models among ENA relations can also be significant, a few ENA relations have 1-Hz Q-values (Q(0)) that are below the EPRI (1993) consensus range for Q(0) when coupled with a geometrical spreading of R-0.5. The EPRI (2003, 2004) single-corner relation is strongly influenced by the inclusion of ENA relations with assumed Q0 below the EPRI (1993) range, which explains much of the discrepancy in predictions at longer periods. C1 US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Cramer, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3876 Cent Ave, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 BP 1159 EP 1169 DI 10.1785/0120050079 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 049FJ UT WOS:000238001100027 ER PT J AU Langenheim, VE Graymer, RW Jachens, RC AF Langenheim, VE Graymer, RW Jachens, RC TI Geophysical setting of the 2000 M-L 5.2 Yountville, California, earthquake: Implications for seismic hazard in Napa Valley, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The epicenter of the 2000 M-L 5.2 Yountville earthquake was located 5 km west of the surface trace of the West Napa fault, as defined by Helley and Herd (1977). On the basis of the re-examination of geologic data and the analysis of potential field data, the earthquake occurred on a strand of the West Napa fault, the main basin-bounding fault along the west side of Napa Valley. Linear aeromagnetic anomalies and a prominent gravity gradient extend the length of the fault to the latitude of Calistoga, suggesting that this fault may be capable of larger-magnitude earthquakes. Gravity data indicate an similar to 2-km-deep basin centered on the town of Napa, where damage was concentrated during the Yountville earthquake. It most likely played a minor role in enhancing shaking during this event but may lead to enhanced shaking caused by wave trapping during a larger-magnitude earthquake. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Langenheim, VE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 BP 1192 EP 1198 DI 10.1785/0120050187 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 049FJ UT WOS:000238001100031 ER PT J AU Madej, MA Currens, C Ozaki, V Yee, J Anderson, DG AF Madej, MA Currens, C Ozaki, V Yee, J Anderson, DG TI Assessing possible thermal rearing restrictions for juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) through thermal infrared imaging and in-stream monitoring, Redwood Creek, California SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WATER TEMPERATURE; BROOK TROUT; RIVER AB We quantified patterns in stream temperature in a northern coastal California river using thermal infrared (TIR) imaging and in-stream monitoring and related temperature patterns to the historical and present distributions of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). In Redwood Creek, California, water temperature increased from the headwaters to about 60 km downstream, then gradually decreased over the next 40 km as the river approaches the Pacific Ocean. Despite the lack of fish migration barriers, juvenile coho are currently only observed in the downstream-most 20 km, whereas historically they were found in 90 km of river channel. Maximum daily temperatures and duration of elevated stream temperatures were not significantly different in the headwater and downstream reaches but were significantly higher in the 50 km long intervening reach, where maximum weekly maximum temperatures ranged from 23 to 27 degrees C. An increase in stream temperatures in the middle basin during the last three decades as a result of channel aggradation, widening, and the removal of large riparian conifers may play an important role in restricting juvenile coho to one-fifth of their historical range. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Redwood Natl & State Pk, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Madej, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 63 IS 6 BP 1384 EP 1396 DI 10.1139/F06-043 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 053DT UT WOS:000238285700017 ER PT J AU Anteau, MJ Afton, AD AF Anteau, Michael J. Afton, Alan D. TI Diet shifts of lesser scaup are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY; FEEDING ECOLOGY; MYTILUS-EDULIS; AYTHYA-AFFINIS; COMMON EIDERS; BLUE MUSSELS; FOOD-HABITS; DUCKS; PREDATION AB We compared diets of lesser scaup (Aythya affinis (Eyton, 1838)) in the springs of 2000 and 2001 to those reported in the 1970s and the 1980s to determine whether forage quality has declined as predicted by the spring condition hypothesis. In Minnesota, we found that the current aggregate percentage of Amphipoda (an important food item) in lesser scaup diets was 94% lower than that reported from the same locations in the 1980s. Current mean individual prey mass of Amphipoda and Bivalvia in Minnesota were 86.6% and 85.1% lower than historical levels, respectively. In Manitoba, current aggregate percentages of Trichoptera and Chaoboridae in lesser scaup diets (1% and 0%, respectively) were lower than those reported from the same location in the 1970s (14% and 2%, respectively), whereas the percentage of Chironomidae (40%) was higher than that of historical levels (19%). Current mean individual prey mass of all insects, seeds,Chironomidae, and Zygoptera in Manitoba were 63.5%, 65.4%, 44.1%, and 44.9% lower than those of historical levels, respectively. The observed dietary shift from Amphipoda to less nutritious prey in Minnesota, coupled with lower mean individual prey mass in both locations, likely constitutes lower forage quality in lesser scaup diets, which is consistent with the spring condition hypothesis. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM MAnteau@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 84 IS 6 BP 779 EP 786 DI 10.1139/Z06-047 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 074PU UT WOS:000239825100001 ER PT J AU Sheffield, LM Gall, AE Roby, DD Irons, DB Dugger, KM AF Sheffield, Lisa M. Gall, Adrian E. Roby, Daniel D. Irons, David B. Dugger, Katie M. TI Monitoring planktivorous seabird populations: validating surface counts of crevice-nesting auklets using mark-resight techniques SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID ST-LAWRENCE-ISLAND; CRESTED AUKLETS; COLONY ATTENDANCE; DETECTING TRENDS; PARAKEET AUKLETS; LEAST AUKLETS; ALASKA; SURVIVAL; BIOLOGY; DENSITY AB Least Auklets (Aethia pusilla (Pallas, 1811)) are the most abundant species of seabird in the Bering Sea and offer a relatively efficient means of monitoring secondary productivity in the marine environment. Counting auklets on surface plots is the primary method used to track changes in numbers of these crevice-nesters, but counts can be highly variable and may not be representative of the number of nesting individuals. We compared average maximum counts of Least Auklets on surface plots with density estimates based on mark-resight data at a colony on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, during 2001-2004. Estimates of breeding auklet abundance from mark-resight averaged 8 times greater than those from maximum surface counts. Our results also indicate that average maximum surface counts are poor indicators of breeding auklet abundance and do not vary consistently with auklet nesting density across the breeding colony. Estimates of Least Auklet abundance from mark-resight were sufficiently precise to meet management goals for tracking changes in seabird populations. We recommend establishing multiple permanent banding plots for mark-resight studies on colonies selected for intensive long-term monitoring. Mark-resight is more likely to detect biologically significant changes in size of auklet breeding colonies than traditional surface count techniques. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Sheffield, LM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Sheffield.Lisa@gmail.com NR 39 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 84 IS 6 BP 846 EP 854 DI 10.1139/Z06-061 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 074PU UT WOS:000239825100009 ER PT J AU Thomas, PO Albert, MR AF Thomas, PO Albert, MR TI Data on wildlife trade SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Management Author, Branch CITES Operat, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Thomas, PO (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Management Author, Branch CITES Operat, 4401 N Fairfax Dr,Room 700, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM peter_thomas@fws.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 597 EP 598 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2oo6.oo437.x PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 053NZ UT WOS:000238313200002 PM 16909539 ER PT J AU Bowne, DR Bowers, MA Hines, JE AF Bowne, David R. Bowers, Michael A. Hines, James E. TI Connectivity in an agricultural landscape as reflected by interpond movements of a freshwater turtle SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chrysemys picta; habitat fragmentation; habitat quality; interpatch movement; multistate model; painted turtle ID CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; PAINTED TURTLE; PSEUDEMYS-SCRIPTA; CONSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; TERRESTRIAL MOVEMENTS; POPULATION REGULATION; INTERPATCH MOVEMENTS; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; HABITAT SELECTION AB Connectivity is a measure of how landscape features facilitate movement and thus is an important factor in species persistence in a fragmented landscape. The scarcity of empirical studies that directly quantify species movement and determine subsequent effects on population density have, however, limited the utility of connectivity measures in conservation planning. We undertook a 4-year study to calculate connectivity based on observed movement rates and movement probabilities for five age-sex classes of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) inhabiting a pond complex in an agricultural landscape in northern Virginia (U.S.A.). We determined which variables influenced connectivity and the relationship between connectivity and subpopulation density. Interpatch distance and quality of habitat patches influenced connectivity but characteristics of the intervening matrix did not. Adult female turtles were more influenced by the habitat quality of recipient ponds than other age-sex classes. The importance of connectivity on spatial population dynamics was most apparent during a drought. Population density and connectivity were low for one pond in a wet year but dramatically increased as otherponds dried. Connectivity is an important component of species persistence in a heterogeneous landscape and is strongly dependent on the movement behavior of the species. Connectivity may reflect active selection or avoidance of particular habitat patches. The influence of habitat quality on connectivity has often been ignored, but our findings highlight its importance. Conservation planners seeking to incorporate connectivity measures into reserve design should not ignore behavior in favor of purely structural estimates of connectivity. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci & Blandy Expt Farm, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bowne, DR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci & Blandy Expt Farm, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NR 81 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 780 EP 791 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00355.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 053NZ UT WOS:000238313200037 PM 16909571 ER PT J AU Goff, J Liu, PLF Higman, B Morton, R Jaffe, BE Fernando, H Lynett, P Fritz, H Synolakis, C Fernando, S AF Goff, James Liu, Philip L. -F. Higman, Bretwood Morton, Robert Jaffe, Bruce E. Fernando, Harindra Lynett, Patrick Fritz, Hermann Synolakis, Costas Fernando, Starin TI Sri Lanka field survey after the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SUMATRA EARTHQUAKE AB An International Tsunami Survey Team (ITST) consisting of scientists from the United States, New Zealand, and Sri Lanka evaluated the impacts of the 26 December 2004 transoceanic tsunami in Sri Lanka two weeks after the event. Tsunami runup height, inundation distance, morphological changes, and sedimentary characteristics of deposits were recorded and analyzed along the southwest and east coasts of the country. Preliminary results show how local topography and bathymetry controlled the limits of inundation and associated damage to the infrastructure. The largest wave height of 8.71 m was recorded at Nonagama, while the greatest inundation distance of 390 m and runup height of 12.50 m was at Yala. At some sites, human alterations to the landscape increased the damage caused by the tsunami; this was particularly evident in areas of coral poaching and of sand dune removal. C1 Atmospher Res Ltd, Natl Inst Water, Christchurch, New Zealand. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Civil Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. Geol Survey & Mines Bur, Dehiwala, Sri Lanka. RP Goff, J (reprint author), Atmospher Res Ltd, Natl Inst Water, Christchurch, New Zealand. RI Synolakis, Costas/B-3197-2008; Lynett, Patrick/A-1458-2011; Liu, Philip/E-3619-2013; Fritz, Hermann/H-5618-2013; Lynett, Patrick/B-5932-2014; Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Synolakis, Costas/0000-0003-0140-5379; Fritz, Hermann/0000-0002-6798-5401; Lynett, Patrick/0000-0002-2856-9405; Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD JUN PY 2006 VL 22 SU 3 BP S155 EP S172 DI 10.1193/1.2205897 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 239KL UT WOS:000251517100009 ER PT J AU Hudnut, KW AF Hudnut, Kenneth W. TI Geologic and geodetic aspects of the December 2004 great Sumatra-Andaman and 2005 Nias-Simeulue earthquakes SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID PLATE-BOUNDARY DEFORMATION; 1999 CHI-CHI; GPS MEASUREMENTS; SUBDUCTION EARTHQUAKE; ACTIVE DEFORMATION; NICOBAR ISLANDS; RUPTURE PROCESS; LOCAL TSUNAMIS; INDIAN-OCEAN; SLIP AB Geologic data from field observations and satellite imagery analysis contribute a constraint on the "pivot line" between uplift and subsidence of coral reefs, indicating the downdip rupture extent. Geodetic global positioning system (GPS) data contribute vector displacements of points on islands along the archipelago, indicating amount and direction of slip alongstrike of the rupture. Geodetic and geologic data are sensitive not only to rapid coseismic fault movement, but also to slower motion across the plate interface that occurs postseismically. Consequently, the source dimensions and slip pattern estimates based on various geodetic and geologic data differ from purely seismic estimates. A more complete understanding is emerging, based upon joint inversions that use various combinations of all available data, of ways in which sudden slip and gradual afterslip occurred in each of these two major plate boundary ruptures. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hudnut, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD JUN PY 2006 VL 22 SU 3 BP S13 EP S42 DI 10.1193/1.2222383 PG 30 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 239KL UT WOS:000251517100003 ER PT J AU Jaffe, BE Borrero, JC Prasetya, GS Peters, R McAdoo, B Gelfenbaum, G Morton, R Ruggiero, P Higman, B Dengler, L Hidayat, R Kingsley, E Kongko, W Lukijanto Moore, A Titov, V Yulianto, E AF Jaffe, Bruce E. Borrero, Jose C. Prasetya, Gegar S. Peters, Robert McAdoo, Brian Gelfenbaum, Guy Morton, Robert Ruggiero, Peter Higman, Bretwood Dengler, Lori Hidayat, Rahman Kingsley, Ettiene Kongko, Widjo Lukijanto Moore, Andrew Titov, Vasily Yulianto, Eko TI Northwest Sumatra and offshore islands field survey after the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE AB An International Tsunami Survey Team (ITST) conducted field surveys of tsunami effects on the west coast of northern and central Sumatra and offshore islands 3-4 months after the 26 December 2004 tsunami. The study sites spanned 800 km of coastline from Breuh Island north of Banda Aceh to the Batu Islands, and included 22 sites in Aceh province in Sumatra and on Simeulue Island, Nias Island, the Banyak Islands, and the Batu Islands. Tsunami runup, elevation, flow depth, inundation distance, sedimentary characteristics of deposits, near-shore bathymetry, and vertical land movement (subsidence and uplift) were studied. The maximum tsunami elevations were greater than 16 m, and the maximum tsunami flow depths were greater than 13 m at all sites studied along 135 km of coastline in northwestern Sumatra. Tsunami flow depths were as much as 10 m at 1,500 m inland. Extensive tsunami deposits, primarily composed of sand and typically 5-20 cm thick, were observed in northwestern Sumatra. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Civil Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. DKI Jaya, P3TISDA BPPT, JIMH, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia. Vassar Coll, Dept Geol, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. BPDP BPPT JI, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Indonesian Inst Sci, Bandung 40135, Indonesia. RP Jaffe, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 12 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD JUN PY 2006 VL 22 SU 3 BP S105 EP S135 DI 10.1193/1.2207724 PG 31 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 239KL UT WOS:000251517100007 ER PT J AU Cunningham, MA Johnson, DH AF Cunningham, MA Johnson, DH TI Proximate and landscape factors influence grassland bird distributions SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE grassland birds; habitat fragmentation; landscape features; North Dakota; USA; spatial autocorrelation ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; NESTING SUCCESS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; MODEL SELECTION; MIGRATORY BIRDS; NORTH-DAKOTA; HABITAT; REGRESSION AB Ecologists increasingly recognize that birds can respond to features well beyond their normal areas of activity, but little is known about the relative importance of landscapes and proximate factors or about the scales of landscapes that influence bird distributions. We examined the influences of tree cover at both proximate and landscape scales on grassland birds, a group of birds of high conservation concern, in the Sheyenne National Grassland in North Dakota, USA. The Grassland contains a diverse array of grassland and woodland habitats. We surveyed breeding birds on 2015 100 m long transect segments during 2002 and 2003. We modeled the occurrence of 19 species in relation to habitat features (percentages of grassland, woodland, shrubland, and wetland) within each 100-m segment and to tree cover within 200-1600 m of the segment. We used information-theoretic statistical methods to compare models and variables. At the proximate scales, tree cover was the most important variable, having negative influences on 13 species and positive influences on two species. In a comparison of multiple scales, models with only proximate variables were adequate for some species, but models combining proximate with landscape information were best for 17 of 19 species. Landscape-only models were rarely competitive. Combined models at the largest scales (800-1600 m) were best for 12 of 19 species. Seven species had best models including 1600-m landscapes plus proximate factors in at least one year. These were Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor), Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis), Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla), Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Bobolink (Dolychonix oryzivorus), Redwinged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater). These seven are small-bodied species; thus larger-bodied species do not necessarily respond most to the largest landscapes. Our findings suggest that birds respond to habitat features at a variety of scales. Models with only landscape-scale tree cover were rarely competitive, indicating that broad-scale modeling alone, such as that based solely on remotely sensed data, is likely to be inadequate in explaining species distributions. C1 Vassar Coll, Dept Geol & Geog, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. US Geol Survey, No Praire Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cunningham, MA (reprint author), Vassar Coll, Dept Geol & Geog, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. EM macunningham@vassar.edu NR 71 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 1062 EP 1075 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1062:PALFIG]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 055LF UT WOS:000238451500020 PM 16827003 ER PT J AU Rotenberry, JT Preston, KL Knick, ST AF Rotenberry, John T. Preston, Kristine L. Knick, Steven T. TI Gis-based niche modeling for mapping species' habitat SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California Gnatcatcher; Geographical Information Systems; GIS; habitat relationships; Mahalanobis D(2); niche modeling; Polioptila californica; principal-components analysis ID SUITABILITY; ECOLOGY; ABSENCE; SYSTEM AB Ecological "niche modeling'' using presence-only locality data and large-scale environmental variables provides a powerful tool for identifying and mapping suitable habitat for species over large spatial extents. We describe a niche modeling approach that identies a minimum (rather than an optimum) set of basic habitat requirements for a species, based on the assumption that constant environmental relationships in a species' distribution (i.e., variables that maintain a consistent value where the species occurs) are most likely to be associated with limiting factors. Environmental variables that take on a wide range of values where a species occurs are less informative because they do not limit a species' distribution, at least over the range of variation sampled. This approach is operationalized by partitioning Mahalanobis D(2) (standardized difference between values of a set of environmental variables for any point and mean values for those same variables calculated from all points at which a species was detected) into independent components. The smallest of these components represents the linear combination of variables with minimum variance; increasingly larger components represent larger variances and are increasingly less limiting. We illustrate this approach using the California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica Brewster) and provide SAS code to implement it. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Rotenberry, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM john.rotenberry@ucr.edu NR 25 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 7 U2 42 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2006 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1458 EP 1464 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1458:GNMFMS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058IJ UT WOS:000238658400014 PM 16869421 ER PT J AU Cornwell, WK Schwilk, DW Ackerly, DD AF Cornwell, WK Schwilk, DW Ackerly, DD TI A trait-based test for habitat filtering: Convex hull volume SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chaparral; community assembly; convex hull; habitat filtering; plant; seed mass; specific leaf area; trait; wood density ID LEAF SIZE; SEED-SIZE; LIMITING SIMILARITY; COMMUNITY; DIVERSITY; RULES; ORGANIZATION; ASSEMBLAGES; DISTURBANCE; STRATEGIES AB Community assembly theory suggests that two processes affect the distribution of trait values within communities: competition and habitat filtering. Within a local community, competition leads to ecological differentiation of coexisting species, while habitat filtering reduces the spread of trait values, reflecting shared ecological tolerances. Many statistical tests for the effects of competition exist in the literature, but measures of habitat filtering are less well-developed. Here, we present convex hull volume, a construct from computational geometry, which provides an n-dimensional measure of the volume of trait space occupied by species in a community. Combined with ecological null models, this measure offers a useful test for habitat filtering. We use convex hull volume and a null model to analyze California woody-plant trait and community data. Our results show that observed plant communities occupy less trait space than expected from random assembly, a result consistent with habitat filtering. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cornwell, WK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM wkc@stanford.edu RI Ackerly, David/A-1247-2009; OI Ackerly, David/0000-0002-1847-7398; Cornwell, Will/0000-0003-4080-4073 NR 41 TC 365 Z9 379 U1 17 U2 167 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2006 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1465 EP 1471 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1465:ATTFHF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058IJ UT WOS:000238658400015 PM 16869422 ER PT J AU Allen, CR AF Allen, Craig R. TI Sprawl and the resilience of humans and nature: an introduction to the special feature SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY C1 Univ Nebraska, USGS Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USGS Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 11 IS 1 AR 36 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064WR UT WOS:000239121300037 ER PT J AU Allen, CR Johnson, AR Parris, L AF Allen, Craig R. Johnson, Alan R. Parris, Leslie TI A framework for spatial risk assessments: Potential impacts of nonindigenous invasive species on native species SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE declining species; invasive species; nonindigenous species; risk assessment; spatial risk ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; REGRESSION; WILDLIFE; FLORIDA; SPREAD AB Many populations of wild animals and plants are declining and face increasing threats from habitat fragmentation and loss as well as exposure to stressors ranging from toxicants to diseases to invasive nonindigenous species. We describe and demonstrate a spatially explicit ecological risk assessment that allows for the incorporation of a broad array of information that may influence the distribution of an invasive species, toxicants, or other stressors, and the incorporation of landscape variables that may influence the spread of a species or substances. The first step in our analyses is to develop species models and quantify spatial overlap between stressor and target organisms. Risk is assessed as the product of spatial overlap and a hazard index based on target species vulnerabilities to the stressor of interest. We illustrate our methods with an example in which the stressor is the ecologically destructive nonindigenous ant, Solenopsis invicta, and the targets are two declining vertebrate species in the state of South Carolina, USA. A risk approach that focuses on landscapes and that is explicitly spatial is of particular relevance as remaining undeveloped lands become increasingly uncommon and isolated and more important in the management and recovery of species and ecological systems. Effective ecosystem management includes the control of multiple stressors, including invasive species with large impacts, understanding where those impacts may be the most severe, and implementing management strategies to reduce impacts. C1 Univ Nebraska, USGS Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USGS Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 15 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 11 IS 1 AR 39 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064WR UT WOS:000239121300020 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JP Beard, TD Bennett, EM Cumming, GS Cork, SJ Agard, J Dobson, AP Peterson, GD AF Rodriguez, Jon Paul Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Bennett, Elena M. Cumming, Graeme S. Cork, Steven J. Agard, John Dobson, Andrew P. Peterson, Garry D. TI Trade-offs across space, time, and ecosystem services SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem services; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; space; time; synergisms; trade-offs ID NORTH TEMPERATE LAKES; RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT; DRYLAND SALINITY; LAND-USE; IMPACTS; WATER; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; DECLINES; WETLANDS AB Ecosystem service (ES) trade-offs arise from management choices made by humans, which can change the type, magnitude, and relative mix of services provided by ecosystems. Trade-offs occur when the provision of one ES is reduced as a consequence of increased use of another ES. In some cases, a trade-off may be an explicit choice; but in others, trade-offs arise without premeditation or even awareness that they are taking place. Trade-offs in ES can be classified along three axes: spatial scale, temporal scale, and reversibility. Spatial scale refers to whether the effects of the trade-off are felt locally or at a distant location. Temporal scale refers to whether the effects take place relatively rapidly or slowly. Reversibility expresses the likelihood that the perturbed ES may return to its original state if the perturbation ceases. Across all four Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scenarios and selected case study examples, trade-off decisions show a preference for provisioning, regulating, or cultural services ( in that order). Supporting services are more likely to be "taken for granted." Cultural ES are almost entirely unquantified in scenario modeling; therefore, the calculated model results do not fully capture losses of these services that occur in the scenarios. The quantitative scenario models primarily capture the services that are perceived by society as more important - provisioning and regulating ecosystem services - and thus do not fully capture trade-offs of cultural and supporting services. Successful management policies will be those that incorporate lessons learned from prior decisions into future management actions. Managers should complement their actions with monitoring programs that, in addition to monitoring the short-term provisions of services, also monitor the long-term evolution of slowly changing variables. Policies can then be developed to take into account ES trade-offs at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Successful strategies will recognize the inherent complexities of ecosystem management and will work to develop policies that minimize the effects of ES trade-offs. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Bennett, Elena/A-9553-2008; Cumming, Graeme/B-6551-2008; Rodriguez, Jon Paul/A-1491-2009; Peterson, Garry/C-1309-2008 OI Cumming, Graeme/0000-0002-3678-1326; Rodriguez, Jon Paul/0000-0001-5019-2870; Peterson, Garry/0000-0003-0173-0112 NR 48 TC 290 Z9 330 U1 34 U2 209 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 11 IS 1 AR 28 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064WR UT WOS:000239121300012 ER PT J AU Kelley, DL Kelley, KD Coker, WB Caughlin, B Doherty, ME AF Kelley, David L. Kelley, Karen D. Coker, William B. Caughlin, Brenda Doherty, Mary E. TI Beyond the obvious limits of ore deposits: The use of mineralogical, geochemical, and biological features for the remote detection of mineralization SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PORPHYRY COPPER-DEPOSIT; THICK GLACIAL OVERBURDEN; WESTERN BROOKS RANGE; LEAD-ZINC DEPOSITS; AU-MO SYSTEM; GOLD DEPOSITS; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; NORTHERN CHILE; FLUID-FLOW; (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOMETRY AB Far field features of ore deposits include mineralogical, geochemical, or biological attributes that can be recognized beyond the obvious limits of the deposits. They can be primary, if formed in association with mineralization or alteration processes, or secondary, if formed from the interaction of ore deposits with the hydrosphere and biosphere. This paper examines a variety of far field features of different ore deposit types and considers novel applications to exploration and discovery. Primary far field features include mineral and rock chemistry isotopic or element halos, fluid pathways and thermal anomalies in host-rock sequences. Examples include the use of apatite chemistry to distinguish intrusive rocks permissive for iron oxide copper gold (IOCG) and porphyry deposits; resistate mineral (e.g., rutile, tourmaline) chemistry in exploration for volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), orogenic gold, and porphyry deposits; and pyrite chemistry to vector toward sedimentary exhalative (sedex) deposits. Distinctive whole-rock geochemical signatures also can be recognized as a far field feature of porphyry deposits. For example, unique Sr/Y ratios in whole-rock samples, used to distinguish barren versus fertile magmas for Cu mineralization, result from the differentiation of oxidized hydrous melts. Anomalous concentrations of halogen elements (Cl, Br, and I) have been found for distances of up to 200 m away from some mineralized centers. Variations in isotopic composition between ore-bearing and barren intrusions and/or systematic vertical and lateral zonation in sulfur, carbon, or oxygen isotope values have been documented for some deposit types. Owing to the thermal aureole that extends beyond the area of mineralization for some deposits, detection of paleothermal effects through methods such as conodont alteration indices, vitrinite or bitumen reflectance, illite crystallinity, and apatite or zircon thermochronology studies also can be valuable, particularly for deposits with a low-temperature thermal history. A number of newly investigated secondary far field features include the development of reduced columns by electrochemical processes in transported overburden, geochemical dispersion related to the expulsion of groundwater from tectonic and seismic compression, dispersion of vapor above ore deposits, and geochemical dispersion related to biological processes. Redox gradients have been found between underlying reduced and overlying oxidized environments associated with sulfide bodies, which result in mass transfer through electrochemical dispersion. Recent studies have characterized the pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and self potential (SP) in overburden overlyring sulfide-hosted gold and VMS deposits. Lateral migration of metals in groundwater is well understood from normal groundwater flow, but the processes responsible for vertical mass transfer of groundwater and its dissolved components have been recognized only recently. One process, termed cyclical dilatancy pumping, expels groundwater during and after earthquake events, which can cause the redistribution of metals around deposits in some environments. Soil gases are of interest owing to their high degree of mobility through the vadose zone in transported overburden. Numerous soil gas species (CO2, O-2, Hg, Rn, He, sulfur compounds, and light hydrocarbons) have been measured and interpreted as diagnostic of some buried mineral deposits, and some evidence suggests a possible link between vapor dispersion and metal enrichment in soil. Geochemical enrichment in plant material and soils through successive growth-death cycles is well established, but the important role of microorganisms is now increasingly evident. Microorganisms significantly enhance the kinetics of sulfide oxidation and influence the distribution of metals around ore deposits. The presence of metal-resistant bacteria and enhanced concentrations of sulfate-reducing bacteria in exotic overburden over buried sulfide deposits suggests that these organisms are attracted to this environment and, therefore, may be important indicators of deposits under cover. Many of these newly recognized far field features have been documented in only a few case studies. Additional research is required to determine the scale of these features, controls on their formation, and the consistency with which they can be measured. Incorporation of methods for detecting far field features into field-based exploration programs may increase the probability of success, especially in covered terrains. C1 Newmont Min Corp, Englewood, CO 80112 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. BHP Billiton World Explorat Inc, Vancouver, BC V7X 1L2, Canada. ALS Chemex, N Vancouver, BC V7J 2C1, Canada. ALS Chemex, Sparks, NV 89431 USA. RP Kelley, DL (reprint author), Newmont Min Corp, 357 Inverness Dr S, Englewood, CO 80112 USA. EM dave.kelley@newmont.com NR 174 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 43 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD JUN-JUL PY 2006 VL 101 IS 4 BP 729 EP 752 DI 10.2113/gsecongeo.101.4.729 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096AF UT WOS:000241348700001 ER PT J AU Mattson, DJ Byrd, KL Rutherford, MB Brown, SR Clark, TW AF Mattson, DJ Byrd, KL Rutherford, MB Brown, SR Clark, TW TI Finding common ground in large carnivore conservation: mapping contending perspectives SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article DE common ground; large carnivores; narratives; perspectives; Q methodology ID CONFLICT; MANAGEMENT AB Reducing current conflict over large carnivore conservation and designing effective strategies that enjoy broad public support depend on a better understanding of the values, beliefs, and demands of those who are involved or affected. We conducted a workshop attended by diverse participants involved in conservation of large carnivores in the northern U.S. Rocky Mountains, and used Q methodology to elucidate participant perspectives regarding "problems" and "solutions". Q methodology employs qualitative and quantitative techniques to reveal the subjectivity in any situation. We identified four general perspectives for both problems and solutions, three of which (Carnivore Advocates, Devolution Advocates, and Process Reformers) were shared by participants across domains. Agency Empathizers (problems) and Economic Pragmatists (solutions) were not clearly linked. Carnivore and Devolution Advocates expressed diametrically opposed perspectives that legitimized different sources of policy-relevant information ("science" for Carnivore Advocates and "local knowledge" for Devolution Advocates). Despite differences, we identified potential common ground focused on respectful, persuasive, and creative processes that would build understanding and tolerance. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Rockies Conservat Cooperat, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Kent State Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Mattson, DJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM David.Mattson@nau.edu NR 46 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD JUN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 4 BP 392 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2006.01.005 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 055TK UT WOS:000238473100009 ER PT J AU Ayotte, JD Nolan, BT Nucklos, JR Cantor, KP Robinson, GR Baris, D Hayes, L Kargas, M Bress, W Silverman, DT Lubin, JH AF Ayotte, JD Nolan, BT Nucklos, JR Cantor, KP Robinson, GR Baris, D Hayes, L Kargas, M Bress, W Silverman, DT Lubin, JH TI Modeling the probability of arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; CANCER MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; BLADDER; BANGLADESH; AQUIFERS; WELLS AB We developed a process-based model to predict the probability of arsenic exceeding 5 mu g/L in drinking water wells in New England bedrock aquifers. The model is being used for exposure assessment in an epidemiologic study of bladder cancer. One important study hypothesis that may explain increased bladder cancer risk is elevated concentrations of inorganic arsenic in drinking water. In eastern New England, 20-30% of private wells exceed the arsenic drinking water standard of 10 micrograms per liter. Our predictive model significantly improves the understanding of factors associated with arsenic contamination in New England. Specific rock types, high arsenic concentrations in stream sediments, geochemical factors related to areas of Pleistocene marine inundation and proximity to intrusive granitic plutons, and hydrologic and landscape variables relating to groundwater residence time increase the probability of arsenic occurrence in groundwater. Previous studies suggest that arsenic in bedrock groundwater may be partly from past arsenical pesticide use. Variables representing historic agricultural inputs do not improve the model, indicating that this source does not significantly contribute to current arsenic concentrations. Due to the complexity of the fractured bedrock aquifers in the region, well depth and related variables also are not significant predictors. C1 US Geol Survey, NH VT Water Sci Ctr, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Norris Cotton Canc Ctr, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Epidemiol & Biostat Sect, Dept Community & Family Med, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Div Hlth Protect, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Ayotte, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, NH VT Water Sci Ctr, 361 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. EM jayotte@usgs.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 57 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 11 BP 3578 EP 3585 DI 10.1021/es051972f PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048AY UT WOS:000237921200028 PM 16786697 ER PT J AU Mahler, BJ Van Metre, PC Wilson, JT Bashara, TJ Johns, DA AF Mahler, BJ Van Metre, PC Wilson, JT Bashara, TJ Johns, DA TI Response to comment on "Parking lot sealcoat: An unrecognized source of urban polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID SEDIMENT C1 US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. City Austin Watershed Protect Dept, Austin, TX 78767 USA. RP Mahler, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8027 Exchange Dr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 11 BP 3659 EP 3661 DI 10.1021/es060585i PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048AY UT WOS:000237921200041 ER PT J AU Bursian, SJ Sharma, C Aulerich, RJ Yamini, B Mitchell, RR Orazio, CE Moore, DRJ Svirsky, S Tillitt, DE AF Bursian, Steven J. Sharma, Chanda Aulerich, Richard J. Yamini, Behzad Mitchell, Rachel R. Orazio, Carl E. Moore, Dwayne R. J. Svirsky, Susan Tillitt, Donald E. TI Dietary exposure of mink (Mustela vison) to fish from the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA: Effects on reproduction, kit growth, and survival SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Housatonic River; mink; polychlorinated biphenyls; reproduction; survival ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; SAGINAW BAY; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; TOXICITY; PCBS; CARP; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; 3,4,5,3',4',5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL; FRACTIONATION; CONSUMPTION AB We evaluated the effects of feeding farm-raised mink (Mustela vison) diets containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated fish from the Housatonic River (HR; Berkshire County, MA, USA) on adult reproductive performance and kit growth and survival. Diets contained 0.22-3.54% HR fish, providing 0.34-3.7 mu g total PCBs (TPCB)/g feed wet wt (3.5-68.5 pg toxic equivalence [TEQ]/g). Female mink were fed diets before breeding through weaning of kits. Twelve kits from each treatment were maintained on their respective diets for an additional 180 d. Dietary PCBs had no effect on the number of offspring produced, gestation period, or other measures of adult reproductive performance. Mink kits exposed to 3.7 mu g TPCB/g feed (68.5 pg TEQ/g) in utero and during lactation had reduced survivability between three and six weeks of age. The lethal concentrations to 10 and 20% of the population (LC10 and LC20, respectively) were estimated to be 0.231 and 0.984 mu g TPCB/g feed, respectively. Because inclusion of PCB-contaminated fish that composed approximately 1% of the diet would reduce mink kit survival by 20% or more, it is likely that consumption of up to 30-fold that quantity of HR fish, as could be expected for wild mink, would have an adverse effect on wild mink populations. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. CANTOX Environm, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7T2, Canada. US EPA, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Bursian, SJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bursian@msu.edu NR 26 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1533 EP 1540 DI 10.1897/05-406R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 082BB UT WOS:000240360300012 PM 16764471 ER PT J AU Bursian, SJ Sharma, C Aulerich, RJ Yamini, B Mitchell, RR Beckett, KJ Orazio, CE Moore, D Svirsky, S Tillitt, DE AF Bursian, Steven J. Sharma, Chanda Aulerich, Richard J. Yamini, Behzad Mitchell, Rachel R. Beckett, Kerri J. Orazio, Carl E. Moore, Dwayne Svirsky, Susan Tillitt, Donald E. TI Dietary exposure of mink (Mustela vison) to fish from the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA: Effects on organ weights and histology and hepatic concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalence SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Housatonic River; mink; polychlorinated biphenyls; jaw; liver ID GREAT-LAKES FISH; SAGINAW BAY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; BELUGA WHALES; REPRODUCTION; PCBS; CARP; PROLIFERATION; MICHIGAN; FRACTIONATION AB The effects of feeding ranch mink (Mustela vison) diets containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated fish (88 gold fish [Carassius auratus] weighing a total of 70.3 kg and 16 carp [Cyprinus carpio] weighing a total of 77.3 kg) collected from the Housatonic River (HR; Berkshire County, MA, USA) in October 1999 on organ weights and histology and hepatic concentrations of total PCBs (Sigma PCBs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalence (TEQ) were evaluated. Diets contained 0.22 to 3.54% HR fish, which provided 0.34 to 3.7 mu g Sigma PCBs/g feed (3.5-69 pg TEQ/g feed). Female mink were fed the diets eight weeks before breeding through weaning of kits at six weeks of age. Offspring were maintained on their respective diets for an additional 180 d. The dietary concentration of PCBs that caused a decrease in kit survival (3.7 mu g Sigma PCBs/g feed [69 pg TEQ/g]) resulted in a maternal hepatic concentration of 3.1 mu g Sigma PCBs/g wet weight (218 pg TEQ/g). Organ weights were not consistently affected. Mandibular and maxillary squamous cell proliferation was apparent in 31-week-old juveniles exposed to as low as 0.96 mu g Sigma PCBs/g feed (9.2 mu g TEQ/g). Juveniles in this treatment group had a liver concentration of 1.7 mu g Sigma PCBs/g wet weight (40 pg TEQ/g). Because inclusion of PCB-contaminated fish, which comprised approximately 1% of the diet, resulted in mandibular and maxillary squamous cell proliferation, it is possible that consumption of up to 30-fold that quantity of HR fish, as could be expected for wild mink, would result in more severe lesions characterized by loss of teeth, thus impacting survivability. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. CANTOX Environm, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7T2, Canada. US EPA, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Bursian, SJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bursian@msu.edu NR 38 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1541 EP 1550 DI 10.1897/05-407R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 082BB UT WOS:000240360300013 PM 16764472 ER PT J AU Mora, MA Musquiz, D Bickham, JW Mackenzie, DS Hooper, MJ Szabo, JK Matson, CW AF Mora, Miguel A. Musquiz, Daniel Bickham, John W. Mackenzie, Duncan S. Hooper, Michael J. Szabo, Judit K. Matson, Cole W. TI Biomarkers of exposure and effects of environmental contaminants on swallows nesting along the Rio Grande, Texas, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene; inorganic elements; Rio Grande; swallows ID ALLIGATORS ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; THYROID-HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS; EASTERN BLUEBIRDS; APPLE ORCHARDS; TREE SWALLOWS; JUVENILE ALLIGATORS; TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; ONTARIO; CANADA; VALLEY AB We collected adult cave swallows (Petrochelidon fulva) and cliff swallows (P. pyrrhonota) during the breeding seasons in 1999 and 2000 from eight locations along the Rio Grande from Brownsville to El Paso (unless otherwise specified, all locations are Texas, USA) and an out-of-basin reference location. Body mass, spleen mass, hepatosomatic index (HSI), gonadosomatic index (GSI), thyroxine (T-4) in plasma, DNA damage measured as the half-peak coefficient of variation of DNA content (HPCV) in blood cells, as well as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in brain were compared with concentrations of organochlorines, metals, and metalloids in carcasses to determine potential effects of contaminants on swallows during the breeding season. Concentrations of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p '-DDE) were significantly greater in swallows from El Paso than in those from most locations, except for Pharr and Llano Grande. All swallows from these three locations had p,p '-DDE concentrations of 3 mu g/g wet weight or greater. Swallows from El Paso either had or shared the highest concentrations of p,p '-DDE, polychlorinated biphenyls, and 13 inorganic elements. Swallows from El Paso exhibited greater spleen mass and HPCV values as well as lower T4 values compared with those from other locations. Thyroxine was a potential biomarker of contaminant exposure in swallows of the Rio Grande, because it was negatively correlated with p,p '-DDE and Se. Spleen mass was positively correlated with selenium and HSI and negatively correlated with body mass, GSI, Mn, and Ni. Overall, the present study suggests that insectivorous birds living in areas of high agricultural and industrial activity along the Rio Grande bioaccumulate environmental contaminants. These contaminants, particularly p,p '-DDE, may be among multiple factors that impact endocrine and hematopoietic function in Rio Grande swallows. C1 Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Mora, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, 316 Nagle Hall,2258 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mmora@tamu.edu RI Mora, Miguel/B-1344-2009; Matson, Cole/F-7992-2010; Szabo, Judit/C-1247-2012; OI Matson, Cole/0000-0002-6472-9357; Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216; Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04917] NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1574 EP 1584 DI 10.1897/05-447R.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 082BB UT WOS:000240360300017 PM 16764476 ER PT J AU Onuf, CP AF Onuf, Christopher P. TI Biofouling and the continuous monitoring of underwater light from a seagrass perspective SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID MARINA L EELGRASS; TIDE ALGAL BLOOM; ZOSTERA-MARINA; BROWN-TIDE; LAGUNA-MADRE; AUREOUMBRA-LAGUNENSIS; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; HALODULE-WRIGHTII; INDIAN RIVER; GROWTH AB For more than a decade, inexpensive electronic instruments have made continuous underwater tight monitoring an integral part of many seagrass studies. Although biofouling, if not controlled, compromises the utility of the record. A year-long assessment of the time course of sensor fouling, in the Laguna Madre of Texas established that light transmitted through the fouling layer after 2 wk of exposure exceeded 90% except for a 6-8 wk period in May and June. On that basis, a 2-wk interval was chosen for routine servicing. Subsequent monitoring proved this choice to be grossly in error. The period of sub-90% transmittance after 2 wk extended to 4-6 mo annually over the next 3 yr. Fouling was strongly correlated with temperature, ambient light, and year. Since an algal bloom of 7-yr duration finally waned during this study, increased ambient light seemed most likely to explain increased fouling later in the study. The explanatory value of light was less than temperature or year in multiple regression, requiring some other explanation of the date effect than change in ambient light. Allelopathic and suspension-feeding depressant effects of the brown tide are offered as the most likely cause of unusually low foulling in the first year. Biofouling was so unpredictable and rapid in this study that at least weekly maintenance would be required to assure reliability of the light monitoring record. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Texas Gulf Coast Field Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Onuf, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Texas Gulf Coast Field Stn, 6300 Ocean Dr,USGS Unit 5838, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM chris_onuf@yahoo.com NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 511 EP 518 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 075VC UT WOS:000239912400015 ER PT J AU Lathrop, RG Cole, M Senyk, N Butman, B AF Lathrop, RG Cole, M Senyk, N Butman, B TI Seafloor habitat mapping of the New York Bight incorporating sidescan sonar data SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE benthic habitat; essential fish habitat; geographic information systems (GIS); summer flounder; silver hake ID IMAGE-PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SCOTIAN SHELF; MULTIBEAM BATHYMETRY; BENTHIC HABITAT; SCAN SONAR; CLASSIFICATION; GEOLOGY; REMOTE; AREA AB The efficacy of using sidescan sonar imagery, image classification algorithms and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to characterize the seafloor bottom of the New York Bight were assessed. The resulting seafloor bottom type map was compared with fish trawl survey data to determine whether there were any discernable habitat associations. An unsupervised classification with 20 spectral classes was produced using the sidescan sonar imagery, bathymetry and secondarily derived spatial heterogeneity to characterize homogenous regions within the study area. The spectral classes, geologic interpretations of the study region, bathymetry and a bottom landform index were used to produce a seafloor bottom type map of 9 different bottom types. Examination of sediment sample data by bottom type indicated that each bottom type class had a distinct composition of sediments. Analysis of adult summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, and adult silver hake, Merluccius bilinearis, presence/absence data from trawl surveys did not show evidence of strong associations between the species distributions and seafloor bottom type. However, the absence of strong habitat associations may be more attributable to the coarse scale and geographic uncertainty of the trawl sampling data than conclusive evidence that no habitat associations exist for these two species. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing & Spatial Anal, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lathrop, RG (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing & Spatial Anal, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM lathrop@crssa.rutgers.edu NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.01.019 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 057OG UT WOS:000238604500020 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, SM Holsten, EH Shephard, ME Werner, RA Burnside, RE AF Matsuoka, SM Holsten, EH Shephard, ME Werner, RA Burnside, RE TI Spruce beetles and forest ecosystems of south-central Alaska - Preface SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Forest Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. State Alaska Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, Resources Sect, Forest Hlth Protect Program, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Matsuoka, SM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd,Ms 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM steve_matsuoka@fws.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 3 BP 193 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.037 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 049AQ UT WOS:000237988100001 ER PT J AU Werner, RA Holsten, EH Matsuoka, SM Burnside, RE AF Werner, Richard A. Holsten, Edward H. Matsuoka, Steven M. Burnside, Roger E. TI Spruce beetles and forest ecosystems in south-central Alaska: A review of 30 years of research SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on a Changing Alaskan Ecosystem - The Effects of Spruce Beetle Outbreaks and Associated Management Practices on Forest Ecosystems of South-Central Alaska CY FEB, 2004 CL Homer, AK DE Alaska; control; Dendroctonus rufipennis; natural disturbance; semiochemicals; silviculture; spruce beetle; wildlife ID DENDROCTONUS-RUFIPENNIS KIRBY; WHITE SPRUCE; LUTZ SPRUCE; COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; PINE-BEETLE; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; FIELD-EVALUATION; INTERIOR ALASKA; KENAI PENINSULA; ATTACK AB From 1920 to 1989, approximately 847,000 ha of Alaska spruce (Picea spp.) forests were infested by spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis). From 1990 to 2000, an extensive outbreak of spruce beetles caused mortality of spruce across 1.19 million ha of forests in Alaska; approximately 40% more forest area than was infested the previous 70 years. This review presents some of the most important findings from a diversity of research and management projects from 1970 to 2004 to understand the biology, ecology, and control of this important forest insect, and the causes and effects of their outbreaks. We suggest that future research should examine the long-term effects of the spruce beetle outbreaks and climate variability on forest ecosystems in the region. Research into how different management actions facilitate or interrupt natural successional processes would be particularly useful. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. US Forest Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. State Alaska Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, Resources Sect, Forest Hlth Protect Program, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Werner, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 8080 NW Ridgewood Dr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM wernerr@peak.org NR 126 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 3 BP 195 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.050 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 049AQ UT WOS:000237988100002 ER PT J AU Berg, EE Henry, JD Fastie, CL De Volder, AD Matsuoka, SM AF Berg, Edward E. Henry, J. David Fastie, Christopher L. De Volder, Andrew D. Matsuoka, Steven M. TI Spruce beetle outbreaks on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and Kluane National Park and Reserve, Yukon Territory: Relationship to summer temperatures and regional differences in disturbance regimes SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on a Changing Alaskan Ecosystem - The Effects of Spruce Beetle Outbreaks and Associated Management Practices on Forest Ecosystems of South-Central Alaska CY FEB, 2004 CL Homer, AK DE Alaska; climate warming; Dendroctonus rufipennis; growth release; forest disturbance; spruce beetle; Yukon Territory ID SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; WHITE SPRUCE; DENDROCLIMATIC RECONSTRUCTION; INTERIOR ALASKA; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; CLIMATE; ATTACK; FIRE AB When spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis) thin a forest canopy, surviving trees grow more rapidly for decades until the canopy closes and growth is suppressed through competition. We used measurements of tree rings to detect such growth releases and reconstruct the history of spruce beetle outbreaks at 23 mature spruce (Picea spp.) forests on and near the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska and four mature white spruce (Picea glauca) forests in Kluane National Park and Reserve, Yukon Territory. On the Kenai Peninsula, all stands showed evidence of 1-5 thinning events with thinning occurring across several stands during the 1810s, 1850s, 1870-1880s, 1910s, and 1970-1980s, which we interpreted as regional spruce beetle outbreaks. However, in the Kluane region we only found evidence of substantial thinning in one stand from 1934 to 1942 and thinning was only detected across stands during this same time period. Over the last 250 years, spruce beetle outbreaks therefore occurred commonly among spruce forests on the Kenai Peninsula, at a mean return interval of 52 years, and rarely among spruce forests in the Kluane region where cold winter temperatures and fire appear to more strongly regulate spruce beetle population size. The massive 1990s outbreaks witnessed in both regions appeared to be related to extremely high summer temperatures. Recent outbreaks on the Kenai Peninsula (1971-1996) were positively associated with the 5-year backwards running average of summer temperature. We suggest that warm temperature influences spruce beetle population size through a combination of increased overwinter survival, a doubling of the maturation rate from 2 years to I year, and regional drought-induced stress of mature host trees. However, this relationship decoupled after 1996, presumably because spruce beetles had killed most of the susceptible mature spruce in the region. Thus sufficient numbers of mature spruce are needed in order for warm summer temperatures to trigger outbreaks on a regional scale. Following the sequential and large outbreaks of the 1850s, 1870-1880s, and 1910s, spruce beetle outbreaks did not occur widely again until the 1970s. This suggests that it may take decades before spruce forests on the Kenai Peninsula mature following the 1990s outbreak and again become susceptible to another large spruce beetle outbreak. However, if the recent warming trend continues, endemic levels of spruce beetles will likely be high enough to perennially thin the forests as soon as the trees reach susceptible size. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. Pk Canada, Kluane Natl Pk & Reserve, Haines Junct, YT Y0B 1L0, Canada. Middlebury Coll, Dept Biol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Berg, EE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 2139, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. EM edward_berg@fws.gov NR 64 TC 165 Z9 178 U1 3 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 3 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.038 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 049AQ UT WOS:000237988100004 ER PT J AU Allen, JL Wesser, S Markon, CJ Winterberger, KC AF Allen, JL Wesser, S Markon, CJ Winterberger, KC TI Stand and landscape level effects of a major outbreak of spruce beetles on forest vegetation in the Copper River Basin, Alaska SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on a Changing Alaskan Ecosystem - The Effects of Spruce Beetle Outbreaks and Associated Management Practices on Forest Ecosystems of South-Central Alaska CY FEB, 2004 CL Homer, AK DE Alaska; Dendroctonus rufipennis; forest disturbance; landscape-level change; spruce beetle; vegetation change; white spruce ID WHITE SPRUCE; KENAI PENINSULA; BOREAL FOREST; ATTACK; INFESTATION; COLEOPTERA; MORTALITY; EPIDEMIC; POINT; TREE AB From 1989 to 2003, a widespread outbreak of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis) in the Copper River Basin, Alaska, infested over 275,000 ha of forests in the region. During 1997 and 1998, we measured forest vegetation structure and composition on one hundred and thirty-six 20-m x 20-m plots to assess both the immediate stand and landscape level effects of the spruce beetle infestation. A photo-interpreted vegetation and infestation map was produced using color-infrared aerial photography at a scale of 1:40,000. We used linear regression to quantify the effects of the outbreak on forest structure and composition. White spruce (Picea glauca) canopy cover and basal area of medium-to-large trees [>= 15 cm diameter-at-breast height (1.3 m, dbh)] were reduced linearly as the number of trees attacked by spruce beetles increased. Black spruce (Picea mariana) and small diameter white spruce (< 15 cm dbh) were infrequently attacked and killed by spruce beetles. This selective attack of mature white spruce reduced structural complexity of stands to earlier stages of succession and caused mixed tree species stands to lose their white spruce and become more homogeneous in overstory composition. Using the resulting regressions, we developed a transition matrix to describe changes in vegetation types under varying levels of spruce beetle infestations, and applied the model to the vegetation map. Prior to the outbreak, our study area was composed primarily of stands of mixed white and black spruce (29% of area) and pure white spruce (25%). However, the selective attack on white spruce caused many of these stands to transition to black spruce dominated stands (73% increase in area) or shrublands (26% increase in area). The post-infestation landscape was thereby composed of more even distributions of shrubland and white, black, and mixed spruce communities (17-22% of study area). Changes in the cover and composition of understory vegetation were less evident in this study. However, stands with the highest mortality due to spruce beetles had the lowest densities of white spruce seedlings suggesting a longer forest regeneration time without an increase in seedling germination, growth, or survival. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Pk Serv, Wrangell St Elias Natl Pk & Preserve, Copper Ctr, AK 99573 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Alaska Reg Off, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Geog Sci Off, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage Forestry Sci Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Allen, JL (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 201 1st Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM Jennifer_allen@nps.gov NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 3 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.040 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 049AQ UT WOS:000237988100007 ER PT J AU Berg, EE Anderson, RS AF Berg, EE Anderson, RS TI Fire history of white and Lutz spruce forests on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, over the last two millennia as determined from soil charcoal SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on a Changing Alaskan Ecosystem - The Effects of Spruce Beetle Outbreaks and Associated Management Practices on Forest Ecosystems of South-Central Alaska CY FEB, 2004 CL Homer, AK DE Alaska; fire history; Kenai Peninsula; Picea glauca; Picea x lutzii; soil charcoal; spruce beetle; Dendroctonus rufipennis ID SUB-ALPINE FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; DISTURBANCE REGIME; INTERIOR ALASKA; AGE CALIBRATION; RADIOCARBON AGE; BOREAL FOREST; FRENCH ALPS; HOLOCENE; CLIMATE AB The presence of over 429,000 ha of forest with spruce (Picea spp.) recently killed by spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis) on the Kenai Peninsula has raised the specter of catastrophic wildfire. Dendrochronological evidence indicated that spruce beetle outbreaks occurred on average every 50 years in these forests. We used 121 radiocarbon-dated soil charcoal samples collected from throw mounds of recently blown over trees to reconstruct the regional fire history for the last ca. 2500 years and found no relation between fire activity and past spruce beetle outbreaks. Soil charcoal data suggest that upland forests of white (Picea glauca) and Lutz (Picea x lutzii) spruce have not on average burned for 600 years (time-since-fire range 90 to similar to 1500 years, at 22 sites) and that the mean fire interval was 400-600 years. It would thus appear that 10 or more spruce beetle outbreaks can occur for every cycle of fire in these forests. We caution, however, that a trend of warmer summers coupled with an increasing human population and associated sources of ignitions may create a greater fire risk in all fuel types than was present during the time period covered by our study. We suggest that forest management focus on creating fuel breaks between valued human infrastructure and all types of forest fuels, both green and dead. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Quaternary Sci Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Berg, EE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 2139, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. EM edward_berg@fws.gov NR 32 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 3 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.042 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 049AQ UT WOS:000237988100009 ER PT J AU Gasparini, J Roulin, A Gill, VA Hatch, SA Boulinier, T AF Gasparini, J Roulin, A Gill, VA Hatch, SA Boulinier, T TI In kittiwakes food availability partially explains the seasonal decline in humoral immunocompetence SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food availability; hatching date; immune system; Rissa tridactyla; seasonal variation ID NESTLING BARN SWALLOWS; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PICA-PICA; INVESTMENT; SEABIRD; QUALITY; GROWTH; EGGS; SIZE AB 1. The immune system plays an important role in fitness, and interindividual variation in immunocompetence is due to several factors including food supply. 2. Seasonal variation in food resources may therefore explain why immunocompetence in bird nestlings usually declines throughout the breeding season, with chicks born early in the season receiving more food than chicks born later, and thereby possibly developing a more potent immune system. Although there are studies supporting this hypothesis, none has been experimental. 3. We performed an experiment in the kittiwake Rissa tridactyla by manipulating the food supply of pairs that were left to produce a first brood, and of pairs that were induced to produce a late replacement brood. 4. If food supply mediates, at least partially, seasonal variations in chick immunocompetence, non-food-supplemented chicks would show a stronger seasonal decline in immunocompetence than food-supplemented chicks. 5. Food supplementation improved humoral immunocompetence (the production of immunoglobulins Y), but not T-cell immunocompetence (phytohaemagglutinin, PHA response). T-cell immunocompetence of food-supplemented and non-food-supplemented chicks decreased through the season but to a similar extent, whereas the humoral immunocompetence of non-food-supplemented chicks decreased more strongly than that of food-supplemented chicks. 6. Our results suggest that the seasonal decline in humoral immunocompetence can be explained, at least partly, by variations in food supply throughout the breeding season. C1 Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. CNRS, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier, France. RP Roulin, A (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM Julien.Gasparini@unil.ch RI Gasparini, Julien/J-9263-2012; OI Boulinier, Thierry/0000-0002-5898-7667 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 457 EP 463 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01130.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051UA UT WOS:000238185400007 ER PT J AU Poppe, LJ DiGiacomo-Cohen, ML Smith, SM Stewart, HF Forfinski, NA AF Poppe, LJ DiGiacomo-Cohen, ML Smith, SM Stewart, HF Forfinski, NA TI Seafloor character and sedimentary processes in eastern long island sound and western block island sound SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFICIAL SEDIMENT; SHELF AB Multibeam bathymetric data and seismic-reflection profiles collected in eastern Long Island Sound and western Block Island Sound reveal previously unrecognized glacial features and modern bedforms. Glacial features include an ice-sculptured bedrock surface, a newly identified recessional moraine, exposed glaciolacustrine sediments, and remnants of stagnant-ice-contact deposits. Modern bedforms include fields of transverse sand waves, barchanoid waves, giant scour depressions, and pockmarks. Bedform asymmetry and scour around obstructions indicate that net sediment transport is westward across the northern part of the study area near Fishers Island, and eastward across the southern part near Great Gull Island. C1 US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Long Isl Sound Res Ctr, Connecticut Dept Environm Protect, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Hygrograph Branch, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. RP Poppe, LJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lpoppe@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s00367-006-0016-4 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 042DW UT WOS:000237509000001 ER PT J AU Hu, CM Muller-Karger, FE Swarzenski, PW AF Hu, Chuanmin Muller-Karger, Frank E. Swarzenski, Peter W. TI Hurricanes, submarine groundwater discharge, and Florida's red tides SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WATER; SHELF AB A Karenia brevis Harmful Algal Bloom affected coastal waters shallower than 50 m off west-central Florida from January 2005 through January 2006, showing a sustained anomaly of similar to 1 mg chlorophyll m(-3) over an area of up to 67,500 km(2). Red tides occur in the same area ( approximately 26 - 29 degrees N, 82 - 83 degrees W) almost every year, but the intense 2005 bloom led to a widespread hypoxic zone ( dissolved oxygen < 2 mg L-1) that caused mortalities of benthic communities, fish, turtles, birds, and marine mammals. Runoff alone provided insufficient nitrogen to support this bloom. We pose the hypothesis that submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) provides the missing nutrients, and indeed can trigger and support the recurrent red tides off west-central Florida. SGD inputs of dissolved inorganic nitrogen ( DIN) in Tampa Bay alone are similar to 35% of that discharged by all central Florida rivers draining west combined. We propose that the unusual number of hurricanes in 2004 resulted in high runoff, and in higher than normal SGD emerging along the west Florida coast throughout 2005, initiating and fueling the persistent HAB. This mechanism may also explain recurrent red tides in other coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM hu@seas.marine.usf.edu RI hu, chuanmin/J-5021-2012 NR 25 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 6 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 11 AR L11601 DI 10.1029/2005GL025449 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 050DZ UT WOS:000238069000004 ER PT J AU Langevin, CD Guo, WX AF Langevin, CD Guo, WX TI MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based simulation of variable-density ground water flow and transport SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATION-GRADIENT DISPERSION; FINITE-ELEMENT SCHEME; POROUS-MEDIA; BENCHMARK PROBLEM; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; COASTAL AQUIFERS; FRESH; MODELS; VERIFICATION; CHALLENGES AB This paper presents an approach for coupling MODFLOW and MT3DMS for the simulation of variable-density ground water flow. MODFLOW routines were modified to solve a variable-density form of the ground water flow equation in which the density terms are calculated using an equation of state and the simulated MT3DMS solute concentrations. Changes to the MODFLOW and MT3DMS input files were kept to a minimum, and thus existing data files and data files created with most pre- and postprocessors can be used directly with the SEAWAT code. The approach was tested by simulating the Henry problem and two of the saltpool laboratory experiments (low- and high-density cases). For the Henry problem, the simulated results compared well with the steady-state semianalytic solution and also the transient isochlor movement as simulated by a finite-element model. For the saltpool problem, the simulated breakthrough curves compared better with the laboratory measurements for the low-density case than for the high-density case but showed good agreement with the measured salinity isosurfaces for both cases. Results from the test cases presented here indicate that the MODFLOW/MT3DMS approach provides accurate solutions for problems involving variable-density ground water flow and solute transport. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. CDM, Ft Myers, FL 33919 USA. RP Langevin, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3110 SW 9th Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. EM langevin@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 6 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 339 EP 351 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00156.x PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 036ZQ UT WOS:000237116900004 PM 16681515 ER PT J AU Juckem, PF Hunt, RJ Anderson, MP AF Juckem, PF Hunt, RJ Anderson, MP TI Scale effects of hydrostratigraphy and recharge zonation on base flow SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN AB Uncertainty regarding spatial variations of model parameters often results in the simplifying assumption that parameters are spatially uniform. However, spatial variability may be important in resource assessment and model calibration. In this paper, a methodology is presented for estimating a critical basin size, above which base flows appear to be relatively less sensitive to the spatial distribution of recharge and hydraulic conductivity, and below which base flows are relatively more sensitive to this spatial variability. Application of the method is illustrated for a watershed that exhibits distinct infiltration patterns and hydrostratigraphic layering. A ground water flow model (MODFLOW) and a parameter estimation code (UCODE) were used to evaluate the influence of recharge zonation and hydrostratigraphic layering on base flow distribution. Optimization after removing spatial recharge variability from the calibrated model altered base flow simulations up to 53% in watersheds smaller than 40 km(2). Merging six hydrostratigraphic units into one unit with average properties increased base flow residuals up to 83% in basins smaller than 50 km(2). Base flow residuals changed < 5% in watersheds larger than 40 and 50 km(2) when recharge and hydrostratigraphy were simplified, respectively; thus, the critical basin size for the example area is similar to 40 to 50 km(2). Once identified for an area, a critical basin size could be used to guide the scale of future investigations. By ensuring that parameter discretization needed to capture base flow distribution is commensurate with the scope of the investigation, uncertainty caused by overextending uniform parameterization or by estimating extra parameter values is reduced. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Juckem, PF (reprint author), USGS WRD 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM pfjuckem@usgs.gov; rjhunt@usgs.gov; andy@geology.wisc.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 362 EP 370 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00136.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 036ZQ UT WOS:000237116900006 PM 16681517 ER PT J AU Lane, JW Day-Lewis, FD Casey, CC AF Lane, JW Day-Lewis, FD Casey, CC TI Geophysical monitoring of a field-scale biostimulation pilot project SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID RADAR TOMOGRAPHY; BOREHOLE RADAR; INVERSION; TRANSPORT; MOISTURE; ROCK; SITE AB The USGS conducted a geophysical investigation in support of a U.S. Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Southern Division field-scale biostimulation pilot project at Anoka County Riverfront Park (ACP), downgradient of the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, Fridley, Minnesota. The goal of the pilot project is to evaluate subsurface injection of vegetable oil emulsion (VOE) to stimulate microbial degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. To monitor the emplacement and movement of the VOE and changes in water chemistry resulting from VOE dissolution and/or enhanced biological activity, the USGS acquired cross-hole radar zero-offset profiles, traveltime tomograms, and borehole geophysical logs during five site visits over 1.5 years. Analysis of pre- and postinjection data sets using petrophysical models developed to estimate VOE saturation and changes in total dissolved solids provides insights into the spatial and temporal distribution of VOE and ground water with altered chemistry. Radar slowness-difference tomograms and zero-offset slowness profiles indicate that the VOE remained close to the injection wells, whereas radar attenuation profiles and electromagnetic induction logs indicate that bulk electrical conductivity increased downgradient of the injection zone, diagnostic of changing water chemistry. Geophysical logs indicate that some screened intervals were located above or below zones of elevated dissolved solids; hence, the geophysical data provide a broader context for interpretation of water samples and evaluation of the biostimulation effort. Our results include (1) demonstration of field and data analysis methods for geophysical monitoring of VOE biostimulation and (2) site-specific insights into the spatial and temporal distributions of VOE at the ACP. C1 US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT USA. Bucknell Univ, Dept Geol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Naval Facil Engn Command, So Div, N Charleston, SC USA. RP Lane, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT USA. EM jwlane@usgs.gov OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 430 EP 443 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00134.x PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 036ZQ UT WOS:000237116900012 PM 16681523 ER PT J AU Halford, KJ Weight, WD Schreiber, RP AF Halford, KJ Weight, WD Schreiber, RP TI Interpretation of transmissivity estimates from single-well pumping aquifer tests SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Interpretation of single-well tests with the Cooper-Jacob method remains more reasonable than most alternatives. Drawdowns from 628 simulated single-well tests where transmissivity was specified were interpreted with the Cooper-Jacob straight-line method to estimate transmissivity. Error and bias as a function of vertical anisotropy, partial penetration, specific yield, and interpretive technique were investigated for transmissivities that ranged from 10 to 10,000 m(2)/d. Cooper-Jacob transmissivity estimates in confined aquifers were affected minimally by partial penetration, vertical anisotropy, or analyst. Cooper-Jacob transmissivity estimates of simulated unconfined aquifers averaged twice the known values. Transmissivity estimates of unconfined aquifers were not improved by interpreting results with an unconfined aquifer solution. Judicious interpretation of late-time data consistently improved estimates where transmissivity exceeded 250 m(2)/d in unconfined aquifers. C1 USGS, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Butte, MT 59701 USA. CDM, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Halford, KJ (reprint author), USGS, 333 W Nye Lane,Room 203, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. EM khalford@usgs.gov; wweight@mtech.edu; schreiberrp@cdm.com NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 467 EP 471 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00151.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 036ZQ UT WOS:000237116900015 PM 16681526 ER PT J AU Rutledge, AT AF Rutledge, AT TI Basic concepts for the linear model of ground water level recession SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Basic concepts are illustrated for the display of ground water level recession as a linear plot on a semilog graph, as first described by Rorabaugh. This exponential decay function can be achieved if there is a definable outflow boundary such as a lake or river and if water levels are expressed relative to the altitude of the boundary. The model can be used to estimate aquifer hydraulic diffusivity. Concepts are illustrated using three finite-difference simulations. One represents the ideal case as described by Rorabaugh, in which the altitude of the outflow boundary is uniform along its length. Another simulation includes a sloping boundary with simple geometry and demonstrates that the model can be used accurately. Based on this simulation, it appears that the ground water level must be expressed relative to the closest point on the outflow boundary. The third simulation includes a sloping boundary and complex boundary shape, and demonstrates departures from the linear model of recession and errors in the estimate of hydraulic diffusivity. Another cause of nonlinearity is the instability of the ground water head profile soon after a recharge event. The nature of these early-time departures will vary depending on the location of the water level observation site relative to the outflow boundary and the hydrologic divide of the ground water flow system. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 433, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Rutledge, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 433, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rutledge@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 483 EP 487 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00157.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 036ZQ UT WOS:000237116900018 PM 16681529 ER PT J AU Focazio, MJ Tipton, D Shapiro, SD Geiger, LH AF Focazio, Michael J. Tipton, Deborah Shapiro, Stephanie Dunkle Geiger, Linda H. TI The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB Existing water quality data collected from domestic wells were summarized to develop the first national-scale retrospective of self-supplied drinking water sources. The contaminants evaluated represent a range of inorganic and organic compounds, and although the data set was not originally designed to be a statistical representation of national occurrence, it encompasses large parts of the United States including at least some wells sampled in every state and Puerto Rico. Inorganic contaminants were detected in many of the wells, and concentrations exceeded the U.S. EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs; federal drinking water standards used to regulate public drinking water quality) more often than organic contaminants. Of the inorganic constituents evaluated, arsenic concentrations exceeded the MCL (10 mu g/L) in similar to 11% of the 7580 wells evaluated, nitrate exceeded the MCL (10 mg/L) in similar to 8% of the 3465 wells evaluated, uranium-238 exceeded the MCL (30 mu g/L) in similar to 4% of the wells, and radon-222 exceeded 300 and 4000 pCi/L (potential drinking water standards currently under review by the U.S. EPA) in similar to 75% and 9% of the wells, respectively. The MCLs for total mercury and fluoride were each exceeded in < 1% of the wells evaluated. The MCL was exceeded in < 1% of all wells for all anthropogenically derived organic contaminants evaluated and was not exceeded for many contaminants. In addition, 10 contaminants evaluated do not currently have an MCL. Atrazine, however, was detected in 24% of the wells evaluated and was the most frequently detected organic contaminant of the 28 organic contaminants evaluated in this study. Simazine and metolachlor each were detected in similar to 9% of all wells and tied for second in frequency of detection for organic contaminants. The third and fourth most frequently detected organic contaminants were methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) (6%) and chloroform (5%), respectively. Because the water quality of domestic wells is not federally regulated or nationally monitored, this study provides a unique, previously nonexistent, perspective on the quality of the self-supplied drinking water resources used by similar to 45 million Americans in the United States. C1 US Geol Survey, Off Water Qual, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Morrow Environm, Burnaby, BC V5A 4NC, Canada. SS Papadopulos & Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Focazio, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Water Qual, MS-412,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mfocazio@usgs.gov; dtipton@morrowenv.com; sshapiro@sspa.com; lgeiger@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 92 EP 104 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 071XD UT WOS:000239636300008 ER PT J AU Saenger, C Cronin, T Thunell, R Vann, C AF Saenger, C Cronin, T Thunell, R Vann, C TI Modelling river discharge and precipitation from estuarine salinity in the northern Chesapeake Bay: application to Holocene palaeoclimate SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; palaeoclimate; palaeoprecipitation; palaeohydrology; salinity; Susquehanna River; teleconnections; Holocene ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; PAST 21,000 YEARS; SEA-LEVEL RISE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; DECADAL VARIABILITY; CYCLONE FREQUENCIES; SUSQUEHANNA RIVER AB Long- term chronologies of precipitation can provide a baseline against which twentieth- century trends in rainfall can be evaluated in terms of natural variability and anthropogenic influence. However, there are relatively few methods to quantitatively reconstruct palaeoprecipitation and river discharge compared with proxies of other climatic factors, such as temperature. We developed autoregressive and least squares statistical models relating Chesapeake Bay salinity to river discharge and regional precipitation records. Salinity in northern and central parts of the modern Chesapeake Bay is influenced largely by seasonal, interannual and decadal variations in Susquehanna River discharge, which in turn are controlled by regional precipitation patterns. A power regressive discharge model and linear precipitation model exhibit well- defined decadal variations in peak discharge and precipitation. The utility of the models was tested by estimating Holocene palaeoprecipitation and Susquehanna River palaeodischarge, as indicated by isotopically derived palaeosalinity reconstructions from Chesapeake Bay sediment cores. Model results indicate that the early - mid Holocene ( 7055 - 5900 yr BP) was drier than the late Holocene ( 1500 yr BP - present), the 'Mediaeval Warm Period' (MWP) ( 1200 - 600 yr BP) was drier than the 'Little Ice Age' ( LIA) ( 500 - 100 yr BP), and the twentieth century experienced extremes in precipitation possibly associated with changes in ocean - atmosphere teleconnections. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. US Geol Survey Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geosci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Saenger, C (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave,E24-205, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM csaenger@mit.edu OI Saenger, Casey/0000-0002-6345-1728 NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU HODDER ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 467 EP 477 DI 10.1191/0959683606hl944rp PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 055GS UT WOS:000238438800001 ER PT J AU Matter, JM Goldberg, DS Morin, RH Stute, M AF Matter, Jurg M. Goldberg, D. S. Morin, R. H. Stute, M. TI Contact zone permeability at intrusion boundaries: new results from hydraulic testing and geophysical logging in the Newark Rift Basin, New York, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fractured rocks; igneous rocks; groundwater hydraulics; hydraulic testing; geophysical methods ID FRACTURED-AQUIFER HYDROGEOLOGY; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; PASSAIC FORMATION; NEW-JERSEY; LOGS; TRANSPORT; MEDIA; ROCK AB Hydraulic tests and geophysical logging performed in the Palisades sill and the underlying sedimentary rocks in the NE part of the Newark Rift Basin, New York, USA, confirm that the particular transmissive zones are localized within the dolerite-sedimentary rock contact zone and within a narrow interval below this contact zone that is characterized by the occurrence of small layers of chilled dolerite. Transmissivity values determined from fluid injection, aquifer testing, and flowmeter measurements generally fall in the range of 8.1E-08 to 9.95E-06 m(2)/s and correspond to various scales of investigation. The analysis of acoustic and optical BHTV images reveals two primary fracture sets within the dolerite and the sedimentary rocks-subhorizontal fractures, intersected by subvertical ones. Despite being highly fractured either with subhorizontal, subvertical or both fracture populations, the dolerite above and the sedimentary rocks below the contact zone and the zone with the layers of chilled dolerite are significantly less conductive. The distribution of the particular conductive intervals is not a function of the two dominant fracture populations or their density but rather of the intrusion path of the sill. The intrusion caused thermal fracturing and cracking of both formations, resulting in higher permeability along the contact zone. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Borehole Res, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Matter, JM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Borehole Res, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM jmatter@ldeo.columbia.edu NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 5 BP 689 EP 699 DI 10.1007/s10040-005-0456-3 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 069OY UT WOS:000239459300006 ER PT J AU Toth, DJ Katz, BG AF Toth, David J. Katz, Brian G. TI Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE karst; groundwater age; carbonate rocks; geochemical modeling; lumped parameter modeling ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; UPPER FLORIDAN AQUIFER; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; NORTHERN FLORIDA; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CCL3F; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; SINKHOLE LAKE; UNITED-STATES AB Large karstic springs in east-central Florida, USA were studied using multi-tracer and geochemical modeling techniques to better understand groundwater flow paths and mixing of shallow and deep groundwater. Spring water types included Ca-HCO3 (six), Na-Cl (four), and mixed (one). The evolution of water chemistry for CaHCO3 spring waters was modeled by reactions of rainwater with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions. The Na-Cl and mixed-type springs were modeled by reactions of either rainwater or Upper Floridan aquifer water with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions and mixed with varying proportions of saline Lower Floridan aquifer water, which represented 4-53% of the total spring discharge. Multiple-tracer data-chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113, tritium (H-3), helium-3 (He-3(trit)), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)-for four Ca-HCO3 spring waters were consistent with binary mixing curves representing water recharged during 1980 or 1990 mixing with an older (recharged before 1940) tracer-free component. Young-water mixing fractions ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. Tracer concentration data for two Na-Cl spring waters appear to be consistent with binary mixtures of 1990 water with older water recharged in 1965 or 1975. Nitrate-N concentrations are inversely related to apparent ages of spring waters, which indicated that elevated nitrate-N concentrations were likely contributed from recent recharge. C1 St Johns River Water Management Dist, Palatka, FL USA. US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Toth, DJ (reprint author), St Johns River Water Management Dist, Palatka, FL USA. EM dtoth@srjrwmd.com; bkatz@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 5 BP 827 EP 847 DI 10.1007/s10040-005-0478-x PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 069OY UT WOS:000239459300018 ER PT J AU Kaeser, AJ Rasmussen, C Sharpe, WE AF Kaeser, Adam J. Rasmussen, Charlotte Sharpe, William E. TI An examination of environmental factors associated with Myxobolus cerebralis infection of wild trout in Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID WHIRLING DISEASE; TUBIFEX-TUBIFEX; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; SUBSTANTIATE FREEDOM; COLORADO RIVER; SALMO-TRUTTA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATIONS AB Salmonid whirling disease, caused by the myxosporean parasite Myxobolus cerebralis, was first observed in the United States in 1956 in central Pennsylvania. The parasite was subsequently discovered at several culture facilities throughout the state, and widespread distribution of this parasite via the stocking of subclinically infected brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and brown trout Salmo trutta has been assumed. Although no monitoring of wild populations occurred until the late 1970s, it is a common belief that epizootics of whirling disease, now realized in the Intermountain West, are unlikely to have occurred in Pennsylvania. We conducted a review of historical information and a synoptic survey aimed at identifying factors that may prevent whirling disease outbreak in this region, reasoning that such information might be useful in identifying management strategies for populations affected by this parasite. Here we present data on parasite prevalence, fish populations, stream attributes, and the genetics of Tubifex tubifex (the obligate oligochaete host for the parasite) to evaluate various hypotheses proposed for low whirling disease impact in the region. We did not find clear associations between factors such as stream gradient, the genetics of T. tubifex populations, or the composition of resident trout populations and the pattern of M. cerebralis occurrence in Pennsylvania. We suggest that this pattern may be best explained by the association between T. tubifex host populations and point sources of organic enrichment. The potential restriction of T. tubifex populations to locations near sources of organic enrichment may be a factor in explaining why whirling disease has not been observed to cause population declines among wild trout in this region and should be further investigated. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kaeser, AJ (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, 2024 Newton Rd, Albany, GA 31701 USA. EM adam.kaeser@oregonstate.edu NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD JUN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 90 EP 100 DI 10.1577/H05-017.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 068YT UT WOS:000239412000002 ER PT J AU Jonsson, JE Afton, AD Homberger, DG Henk, WG Alisauskas, RT AF Jonsson, Jon Einar Afton, Alan D. Homberger, Dominique G. Henk, William G. Alisauskas, Ray T. TI Do geese fully develop brood patches? A histological analysis of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross's geese (C-rossii) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body size; brood patch; geese; histology; incubation ID BANTAM HENS; BODY-SIZE; INCUBATION; PERSPECTIVE; RESERVES; BIRDS AB Most birds develop brood patches before incubation; epidermis and dermis in the brood patch region thicken, and the dermal connective tissue becomes increasingly vascularized and infiltrated by leukocytes. However, current dogma states that waterfowl incubate without modifications of skin within the brood patch region. The incubation periods of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter called snow geese) and Ross's geese (C. rossii) are 2-6 days shorter than those of other goose species; only females incubate. Thus, we hypothesized that such short incubation periods would require fully developed brood patches for sufficient heat transfer from incubating parents to eggs. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the skin histology of abdominal regions of snow and Ross's geese collected at Karrak Lake, Nunavut, Canada. For female snow geese, we found that epidermis and dermis had thickened and vascularization of dermis was 14 times greater, on average, than that observed in males (n=5 pairs). Our results for Ross's geese (n=5 pairs) were more variable, wherein only one of five female Ross's geese fully developed a brood patch. Our results are consistent with three hypotheses about brood patch development and its relationship with different energetic cost-benefit relationships, resulting from differences in embryonic development and body size. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Comparat Biomed Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. RP Jonsson, JE (reprint author), Haaleitisbraut 17, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. EM joneinar@hive.is RI Jonsson, Jon Einar/K-7482-2015 OI Jonsson, Jon Einar/0000-0003-1198-786X NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0174-1578 EI 1432-136X J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 176 IS 5 BP 453 EP 462 DI 10.1007/s00360-006-0066-y PG 10 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 046FC UT WOS:000237795800007 PM 16432729 ER PT J AU Renner, HM McCaffery, BJ AF Renner, Heather M. McCaffery, Brian J. TI Nesting biology of Eastern Yellow Wagtails at Cape Romanzof, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; breeding biology; Motacilla tschutschensis; Passeriformes; polygyny ID WATER PIPIT; BIRDS; MOLT AB The nesting biology of the Eastern Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla tschutschensis) was studied at Cape Romanzof, Alaska, an arctic tundra site on the Bering Sea coast near the northeastern limit of the breeding distribution of the Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flavalcitreolaltschutschensis) species complex. Ninety-four nests were located and monitored from 1996 to 1999. Females built nests in 5-7 d, and nests were located on the ground. The mean clutch size was 5.6 eggs, and the mean incubation period was 11 d. Both adults incubated, and some males had a partial brood patch. The mean duration of the nestling period was 11.6 d, and both parents brooded and fed the young. Some adults began the complete prebasic molt (including primaries) while their young were still in the nest. Nestling development was similar to that reported for other Yellow Wagtails (sensu lato), but the breeding cycle and breeding season of Eastern Yellow Wagtails was compressed relative to Western Yellow Wagtails in Europe and to other passerine species breeding in western Alaska. Some breeding events overlapped, including initiation of egg laying before completion of nest building and initiation of adult molt while young were still in the nest. Clutch sizes were larger than reported for most European relatives. Clutch size generally fit with models predicting an increase of about one egg per 19 degrees of increased latitude. Rapid nest initiation, overlap of breeding cycle events, nest attendance (including incubation) by males, and slightly larger clutches appear to be adaptations to high-latitude breeding in this long-distance migrant. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. RP Renner, HM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, 95 Sterling Highway,Suite 1, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM heather_renner@fws.gov NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 77 IS 3 BP 250 EP 258 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00050.x PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 087GF UT WOS:000240730200003 ER PT J AU Conway, CJ Garcia, V Smith, MD Ellis, LA Whitney, JL AF Conway, Courtney J. Garcia, Victoria Smith, Matthew D. Ellis, Lisa A. Whitney, Joyce L. TI Comparative demography of Burrowing Owls in agricultural and urban landscapes in southeastern Washington SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; Athene cunicularia; fecundity; land use; natal recruitment; nesting success; reproductive success; shrub-steppe ID SPEOTYTO-CUNICULARIA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NESTING SUCCESS; PHILOPATRY; DISPERSAL; OREGON AB Anecdotal evidence suggests that Burrowing Owls have declined in the state of Washington. We examined the status of these owls in agricultural and urban habitats to better understand the underlying causes of these declines. Nest density was higher in the area dominated by agriculture (0.67 nests/km(2)) than in the urban area (0.28 nests/km(2)), and re-use of nest burrows was more common in the agricultural area. We found no difference in mean clutch size between the two areas, but nesting success was higher in the agricultural area. The mean number of fledglings per nesting attempt was higher in the agricultural area (2.02 vs. 1.47), but we found no difference between the two areas in the mean number of fledglings per successful nest (3.2 vs. 3.1). Both natal recruitment (4% vs. 8%) and annual return rate of adults (30% vs. 39%) were lower in the agricultural area than in the urban area, suggesting that the owl population in the agricultural area may not be stable and may be a "sink" population. Due to high burrow fidelity from year to year, and the tendency of some owls in Washington to overwinter, we recommend that legal protection of nest burrows be extended to the nonbreeding season. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Bur Land Management, Spokane, WA 99212 USA. RP Conway, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cconway@ag.arizona.edu NR 47 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 77 IS 3 BP 280 EP 290 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00054.x PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 087GF UT WOS:000240730200007 ER PT J AU Pollock, MG Paxton, EH AF Pollock, Mark G. Paxton, Eben H. TI Floating mist nets: a technique for capturing birds in flooded habitat SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE banding techniques; Empidonax traillii; floating mist nets; flooded habitat; Willow Flycatcher AB Banding birds is essential for detailed demographic studies of avian populations. Mist nets are a widely used, effective method of capturing birds for banding, but are difficult to use under certain conditions. While conducting a demographic study of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus), rising reservoir levels flooded large tracts of flycatcher breeding habitat and made traditional mist-netting techniques impossible to use. In response, we devised a technique for capturing birds over deep water using mist nets suspended between poles kept afloat on compact buoys. In 2005, we used this technique to safely capture 17 Willow Flycatchers that could not have been captured by any other means, and over 40 additional passerines were incidentally captured with no injuries occurring. This versatile apparatus was simple to build and employ, and capture success was similar to that over dry land. C1 No Arizona Univ, USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Paxton, EH (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Eben.Paxton@nau.edu OI Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 77 IS 3 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00062.x PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 087GF UT WOS:000240730200014 ER PT J AU McDonald, DL Bonner, TH Brandt, TM Trevino, GH AF McDonald, DL Bonner, TH Brandt, TM Trevino, GH TI Size susceptibility to trematode-induced mortality in the endangered fountain darter (Etheostoma fonticola) SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTROCESTUS-FORMOSANUS; FISH; SALMON; GILL; INFECTION; HETEROPHYIDAE; METACERCARIAE; BLUEGILLS; CORTISOL; DIGENEA AB We determined infestation rates for dead and surviving larval, juvenile, and adult fountain darters (Etheostoma fonticola) exposed to an exotic trematode, Centrocestus formosanus. Estimates from survival curves indicated that 50% of the larval fish (total length 9 to 13 mm) would die within 116 minutes and 50% of the juvenile fish (16 to 20 mm) within 330 minutes when exposed to approximately 555,000 cercariae/L. Less than 25% of the adult fish (36 to 41 mm) had died in 8 h of exposure. Number of metacercariae that caused mortality was directly related (P < 0.01) to fish length, although length alone did not explain the accelerated rate of mortality observed in smaller fish. Varying degrees of trematode tolerance among size groups suggested that larval and juvenile fish were more susceptible to mortality induced by C. formosanus infection than adults. This result has implications for population health as greater mortality in smaller fountain darters could limit the number of fish reaching sexual maturity. C1 SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Biol Program, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. Oliveira Middle Sch, Brownsville, TX 78521 USA. RP Bonner, TH (reprint author), SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Biol Program, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM TBonner@txstate.edu NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1080/02705060.2006.9664998 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 040SF UT WOS:000237400000013 ER PT J AU Tang, XL Zhou, GY Liu, SG Zhang, DQ Liu, SZ Li, J Zhou, CY AF Tang, XL Zhou, GY Liu, SG Zhang, DQ Liu, SZ Li, J Zhou, CY TI Dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature and soil moisture in successional forests in southern China SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dinghushan Nature Reserve; moisture sensitivity; Q(10); soil CO2 efflux; soil respiration; subtropical forests; successional forests; temperature sensitivity; Tropic of Cancer ID PINUS-TAEDA L.; CO2 EFFLUX; EUCALYPTUS PLANTATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; TROPICAL FOREST; CARBON BALANCE; WATER CONTENT; PRODUCTIVITY; VEGETATION AB The spatial and temporal variations in soil respiration and its relationship with biophysical factors in forests near the Tropic of Cancer remain highly uncertain. To contribute towards an improvement of actual estimates, soil respiration rates, soil temperature, and soil moisture were measured in three successional subtropical forests at the Dinghushan Nature Reserve (DNR) in southern China from March 2003 to February 2005. The overall objective of the present study was to analyze the temporal variations of soil respiration and its biophysical dependence in these forests. The relationships between biophysical factors and soil respiration rates were compared in successional forests to test the hypothesis that these forests responded similarly to biophysical factors. The seasonality of soil respiration coincided with the seasonal climate pattern, with high respiration rates in the hot humid season (April-September) and with low rates in the cool dry season (October-March). Soil respiration measured at these forests showed a clear increasing trend with the progressive succession. Annual mean (+/- SD) soil respiration rate in the DNR forests was (9.0 +/- 4.6) Mg CO2-C/hm(2)per year, ranging from (6.1 +/- 3.2) Mg CO2-C/hm(2)per year in early successional forests to (10.7 +/- 4.9) Mg CO2-C/hm(2) per year in advanced successional forests. Soil respiration was correlated with both soil temperature and moisture. The T/M model, where the two biophysical variables are driving factors, accounted for 74%-82% of soil respiration variation in DNR forests. Temperature sensitivity decreased along progressive succession stages, suggesting that advanced-successional forests have a good ability to adjust to temperature. In contrast, moisture increased with progressive succession processes. This increase is caused, in part, by abundant respirators in advanced-successional forest, where more soil moisture is needed to maintain their activities. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Natl Ctr EROS, USGS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhou, GY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. EM gyzhou@scib.ac.cn NR 53 TC 28 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 31 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1672-9072 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 48 IS 6 BP 654 EP 663 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00263.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 050QZ UT WOS:000238104300005 ER PT J AU Peterson, AT Papes, M Reynolds, MG Perry, ND Hanson, B Regnery, RL Hutson, CL Muizniek, B Damon, IK Carroll, DS AF Peterson, AT Papes, M Reynolds, MG Perry, ND Hanson, B Regnery, RL Hutson, CL Muizniek, B Damon, IK Carroll, DS TI Native-range ecology and invasive potential of Cricetomys in North America SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE African giant pouched rat; Cricetomys; ecological niche modeling; Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction; invasive species; rodent ecology ID SPECIES INVASIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MONKEYPOX; PREDICTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; OUTBREAK; MODELS; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; ALGORITHMS AB African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys) are native to tropical Africa, where they range from Senegal and Gambia east across West Africa and the Congo Basin to the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa. Ecological niche models show that Cricetomys species differ in their invasive potential. Although neither of the presently recognized Cricetomys species appears to have genuinely broad distributional potential in North America, models predict that C. emini would have extremely restricted distributional potential, whereas C. gambianus would have a broader potential across the southeastern United States. C1 Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. RP Carroll, DS (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM zuz4@cdc.gov RI Peterson, A. Townsend/I-5697-2013 OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 NR 43 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 87 IS 3 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-133R3.1 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 051OU UT WOS:000238171200001 ER PT J AU Neubaum, DJ O'Shea, TJ Wilson, KR AF Neubaum, DJ O'Shea, TJ Wilson, KR TI Autumn migration and selection of rock crevices as hibernacula by big brown bats in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE big brown bats; hibernacula; information theoretic approach; radiotransmitters; rock crevices; seasonal migrations ID EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; ROOST SELECTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOUTH-DAKOTA; BLACK-HILLS; ECOLOGY; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR AB Movements, distribution, and roosting requirements of most species of temperate-zone bats in autumn are poorly understood. We conducted the 1st radiotelemetry study of autumn migrations and prehibernation roost selection of bats in western North America. Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus, n = 55) in the Poudre River watershed, Colorado, moved from low-elevation summer ranges to high-elevation locations in autumn, where they roosted in rock crevices during the period leading up to winter hibernation. We characterized rock crevices used as roosts in autumn at these higher elevations at microhabitat and landscape scales. We used logistic regression combined with an information theoretic approach to determine which variables were most important in roost selection. At the microhabitat scale, autumn roosts were higher to the ground above and below the exit point and were in deeper crevices that had more constant temperatures than randomly selected crevices. At the landscape scale, aspect of the hillside was important, with autumn roosts typically facing north-northwest. Autumn roosts fell into 2 categories: those used for a few days (transient roosts) and those used for >= 7 days and presumed to be hibernacula. Temperature regimes in the presumed hibernacula appear to provide optimal conditions for use of winter torpor, whereas transient roosts may offer passive rewarming and energy savings for bats still active in early autumn. Elevational segregation of sexes also was documented in our region, with a preponderance of females found at lower elevations and males at higher elevations in summer. Sex ratios at higher elevations became even in autumn. Use of short elevational migrations and selection of hibernation sites in rock crevices may be a common overwintering strategy of insectivorous bats of western North America. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Neubaum, DJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM dan_neubaum@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 21 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 87 IS 3 BP 470 EP 479 DI 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-252R1.1 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 051OU UT WOS:000238171200007 ER PT J AU Schuler, KL Leslie, DM Shaw, JH Maichak, EJ AF Schuler, Krysten L. Leslie, David M., Jr. Shaw, James H. Maichak, Eric J. TI Temporal-spatial distribution of American bison (Bison bison) in a tallgrass prairie fire mosaic SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE bison; Bison bison; distribution; fire; Oklahoma; patch-burn mosaic; season; tallgrass prairie ID WOOD BISON; PLANT; HETEROGENEITY; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; ELK; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY; BLUESTEM; BEHAVIOR AB Fire and bison (Bison bison) are thought to be historically responsible for shaping prairie vegetation in North America. Interactions between temporal-spatial distributions of bison and prescribed burning protocols are important in current restoration of tallgrass prairies. We examined dynamics of bison distribution in a patch-burned tallgrass prairie in the south-central United States relative to bison group size and composition, and burn age and temporal distribution. Bison formed larger mixed groups during summer and smaller sexually segregated Groups the rest of the year, and bison selected dormant-season burn patches in the 1st postfire growing season most often during spring and summer. Large bison herds selecting recently burned areas resulted in seasonally variable and concentrated grazing pressure that may substantially alter site-specific vegetation. These dynamics must be considered when reintroducing bison and fire into tallgrass prairie because variable outcomes of floral richness and structural complexity are likely depending on temporal-spatial distribution of bison. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Schuler, KL (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM krysten.schuler@sdstate.edu NR 56 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 87 IS 3 BP 539 EP 544 DI 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-115R2.1 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 051OU UT WOS:000238171200015 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, TJ Jenks, JA Leslie, DM AF Zimmerman, Teresa J. Jenks, Jonathan A. Leslie, David M., Jr. TI Gastrointestinal morphology of female white-tailed and mule deer: Effects of fire, reproduction, and feeding type SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Black Hills; digesta; fire; intestines; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; Odocoileus virginianus; papillae; South Dakota; white-tailed deer ID RANGIFER-TARANDUS; RED DEER; OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; RUMEN; WINTER; RESPONSES; REINDEER; CATTLE; SIZE; STRATEGIES AB We assessed variation in length, width, density, and surface enlargement factor of papillae; rumen and intestinal digesta weight; intestinal length; and intestinal tissue weight of reproductive and nonreproductive female white-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (O. hemionus) using similar burned and unburned habitat. Deer were collected from study areas in Custer and Pennington counties, South Dakota, in and adjacent to a wildfire burn. Length of papillae and enlargement factor of papillae surface of white-tailed deer and mule deer were greater in burned than unburned habitat, and dry weight of rumen digesta. of white-tailed deer was greater in unburned than burned habitat. Papillae surface enlargement factor, papillae length and width, and dry weight of rumen and intestinal digesta were greater for lactating than nonlactating white-tailed deer. Papillae density, intestinal digesta dry weight, and intestinal length were greater in mule deer than white-tailed deer. The mosaic pattern of the burned habitat was beneficial at the mucosal level for white-tailed and mule deer within 3 years postfire. Enhanced papillae morphology of lactating compared with nonlactating and pregnant deer was attributed to high nutritional demands associated with reproductive status. Papillae density may be more important in mule deer because of feeding strategy (concentrate selector-intermediate feeder) compared to white-tailed deer (concentrate selector), whereas greater rumen digesta dry weight and intestinal length may be directly associated with size. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Zimmerman, TJ (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM teresa.zimmerman@sdstate.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009 NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 87 IS 3 BP 598 EP 605 DI 10.1644/05-mamm-A-356R1.1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 051OU UT WOS:000238171200022 ER PT J AU Hammond, EL Anthony, RG AF Hammond, Ellen L. Anthony, Robert G. TI Mark-recapture estimates of population parameters for selected species of small mammals SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE behavioral response; capture probabilities; capture-recapture studies; heterogeneity; program CAPTURE; small mammal abundance; time effects ID CAPTURE PROBABILITIES VARY; CLOSED ANIMAL POPULATIONS; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; MICROTUS-CALIFORNICUS; ROBUST ESTIMATION; TRAP RESPONSES; SIZE; PEROMYSCUS; ABUNDANCE; WEATHER AB We used program CAPTURE to analyze 1,535 capture-recapture data sets from 33 species of small mammals for sources of variation in capture probabilities and to characterize species-specific responses to mark-recapture trapping. Program CAPTURE contains 8 models to account for all possible combinations of heterogeneity (h), behavioral response (b), and time (t) effects on capture probabilities. Model M,, (equal capture probabilities) was selected most often by CAPTURE as the most appropriate model for small sample sizes, reflecting the difficulty of detecting unequal probabilities of capture in small data sets. Heterogeneity in capture probabilities among individuals was evident in larger data sets for all species of small mammals examined. Strong behavioral responses were detected in several species. Sylvilagus, Tamias amoenus, Glaucomys sabrinus, Perognathus longimembris, and Microtus ochrogaster were trap shy, whereas Tamias striatus, Tamias townsendii, Spermophilus richardsonii, Perognathus parvus, Reithrodontomys megalotis, Peromyscus maniculatus, Peromyscus truei, Sigmodon hispidus, Microtus californicus, and Microtus pennsylvanicus were trap prone. Time effects were not apparent for most species except where they were accompanied with heterogeneity. Murid species had the highest estimated probabilities of capture, followed by heteromyids, sciurids, and leporids in decreasing order. Estimates of abundance from model M-h were significantly greater than those from models M-b, M-o, and M-t, which likely reflects the negative bias of these latter estimators. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Anthony, RG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM robert.anthony@oregonstate.edu NR 56 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 87 IS 3 BP 618 EP 627 DI 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-369R1.1 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 051OU UT WOS:000238171200024 ER PT J AU Ross, DS AF Ross, DS TI Cometary impact and amino acid survival - Chemical kinetics and thermochemistry SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DECOMPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; VISCOSITY; PRESSURE; DELIVERY AB The Arrhenius parameters for the initiating reactions in butane thermolysis and the formation of soot, reliable to at least 3000 K, have been applied to the question of the survival of amino acids in cometary impacts on early Earth. The pressure/temperature/time course employed here was that developed in hydrocode simulations for kilometer-sized comets (Pierazzo and Chyba, 1999), with attention to the track below 3000 K where it is shown that potential stabilizing effects of high pressure become unimportant kinetically. The question of survival can then be considered without the need for assignment of activation volumes and the related uncertainties in their application to extreme conditions. The exercise shows that the characteristic times for soot formation in the interval fall well below the cooling periods for impacts ranging from fully vertical down to about 9 above horizontal. Decarboxylation, which emerges as more rapid than soot formation below 2000-3000 K, continues further down to extremely narrow impact angles, and accordingly cometary delivery of amino acids to early Earth is highly unlikely. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ross, DS (reprint author), 149 Walter Hays Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. EM dsross3@yahoo.com NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 21 BP 6633 EP 6637 DI 10.1021/jp054848r PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 046SO UT WOS:000237831500008 PM 16722675 ER PT J AU Stock, SL Heclund, PJ Kaltenecker, GS Carlisle, JD Leppert, L AF Stock, Sarah L. Heclund, Patricia J. Kaltenecker, Gregory S. Carlisle, Jay D. Leppert, Lynda TI Comparative ecology of the flammulated owl and northern Saw-whet Owl during fall migration SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aegolius acadicus; Flammulated Owl; Idaho; migration; Northern Saw whet Owl; Otus flammeolus; body condition ID SEX; MIGRANTS; ONTARIO; HABITAT; POINT; BIRDS; DIET AB We compared the migration ecology of two owl species that exhibit different migration strategies: the Flammulated Owl (Otus flammeolus) and the Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus). During fall 1999-2004, we captured 117 Flammulated Owls and 1433 Northern Saw-whet Owls in the southern Boise Mountains of southwestern Idaho. These owl species exhibited contrasting seasonal timing and body condition. Flammulated Owl captures peaked in mid-September and Northern Saw-whet Owl captures peaked in early to mid-October. Flammulated Owls displayed greater body condition than Northern Saw-whet Owls and increasing condition scores during the season, whereas Northern Saw-whet Owls had no apparent seasonal condition patterns. Based on seasonal timing of captures, both species showed unimodal movement patterns characteristic of fall migrants. However, in 1999 both species' capture rates were at least double those in other years of this study. Flammulated Owls' earlier arrival and departure, coupled with superior body condition, were consistent among years and typical of a long-distance migration strategy. In contrast, the Northern Saw-whet Owls' later arrival, more lengthy passage, and variable body condition were more characteristic of a short-distance migrant strategy. Furthermore, Northern Saw-whet Owls' body condition was significantly lower during the irruptive year than during nonirruptive years, supporting the notion that population density affects their migratory condition. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Mid W Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Idaho Bird Observ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Stock, SL (reprint author), Yosemite Natl Pk, Resources Management & Sci, 5083 Foresta Rd,POB 700, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. EM Sarah_Stock@nps.gov NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 17 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2006)40[120:CEOTFO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 082JQ UT WOS:000240383200004 ER PT J AU Van Riper, C Van Wagtendonk, J AF Van Riper, Charles, III Van Wagtendonk, Jan TI Home range characteristics of Great Gray Owls in Yosemite National Park, California SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Gray Owl; Strix nebulosa; home range; habitat use; California; Yosemite National Park ID SPOTTED OWLS; ESTIMATORS; MOVEMENTS AB We studied home range and habitat use of radio-tagged Great Gray Owls (Strix nebulosa) in Yosemite, California. From 1986-90 we made 5338 relocations on nine adult and three juvenile owls. Home-range size was not correlated with number of locations and was significantly different between breeding and nonbreeding periods. Breeding female summer home range averaged 61.47 ha and during the winter 2457.27 ha, while males average 19.89 and 2112.87 ha, respectively. juveniles and nonbreeding birds had home-range sizes intermediate between seasonal values of breeding owls. Home ranges for California Great Gray Owls were larger than has been recorded for all studies in North America, but smaller than in Europe. All owls were found to have intensive high-use activity centers ((x) over bar = 17.56 ha) in summer, with use patterns influenced primarily by meadows. Over 60% of all relocations occurred within 100 m of a meadow. Great Gray Owls habitat usage during summer was concentrated in fir (Abies spp.) and lodgepole (Pinus contarta) habitat types, while during the winter, birds moved to lower elevations into Sierra mixed conifer habitats. This post-breeding movement was the cause of the large nonbreeding home ranges. During winter, paired birds did not remain together, even though all birds moved to lower elevation habitats below deep snow-pack levels. We suggest that Great Gray Owls in California have responded to the relatively hot and southern habitat with unique adaptations that have allowed several local populations to persist within the upper montane Sierra Nevada forest zone. The protection of meadow foraging habitat, as well as nesting locations, will be important for the continued preservation of this southernmost North American population of Great Gray Owls in Yosemite National Park. C1 USGS, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Van Riper, C (reprint author), USGS, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, 125 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM charles_van_riper@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 25 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 130 EP 141 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2006)40[130:HRCOGG]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 082JQ UT WOS:000240383200005 ER PT J AU Butler, M Lebrun, RA Ginsberg, HS Gettman, AD AF Butler, Mari Lebrun, Roger A. Ginsberg, Howard S. Gettman, Alan D. TI Efficacy of methoprene for mosquito control in storm water catch basins SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE methoprene; larval control; catch basins; Altosid; mosquito ID INSECT DEVELOPMENTAL INHIBITORS; ISOPROPYL (2E,4E)-11-METHOXY-3,7,11-TRIMETHYL-2,4-DODECADIENOATE; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS; GROWTH-REGULATORS; VECTOLEX CG(R); WASTE TIRES; LARVICIDE; FIELD; PERSISTENCE AB This study evaluated the efficacy of methoprene, a widely used juvenile hormone mimic, formulated as 30-day slow release Altosid (R) pellets, at controlling mosquitoes in underground storm water drainage catch basins. Data from applications to 1/4-sized cement catch basins in the laboratory, field observations from treated and untreated basins, and an experiment that confined mosquito larvae in floating emergence jars in catch basins showed that methoprene effectively controlled mosquitoes for a month under field conditions and substantially longer under laboratory conditions when applied at a dose of 3.5-g pellets per average-sized catch basin. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Environm Management, Mosquito Abatement Off, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Butler, M (reprint author), Endicott Coll, 376 Hale St, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 333 EP 338 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[333:EOMFMC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 061VK UT WOS:000238900900024 PM 16878420 ER PT J AU Butler, M Suom, C Lebrun, RA Ginsberg, HS Gettman, AD AF Butler, Mari Suom, Channsotha Lebrun, Roger A. Ginsberg, Howard S. Gettman, Alan D. TI Effects of methoprene on oviposition by Aedes japonicus and Culex spp. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Culex spp.; Aedes japonicus; oviposition; methoprene ID SITE SELECTION; EGG RAFTS; MOSQUITOS; QUINQUEFASCIATUS; CULICIDAE; AEGYPTI; DIPTERA; ATTRACTANTS; SURVEILLANCE; TRISERIATUS AB The mosquito larvicide methoprene is a juvenile growth hormone mimic that is widely used to control mosquitoes. This chemical disrupts normal mosquito development, drastically inhibiting emergence from the pupal to the adult stage. If the presence of methoprene attracts or deters mosquitoes from ovipositing it could have implications for mosquito control. This study evaluates whether methoprene attracts or deters mosquitoes likely to oviposit in catch basins. In a field experiment, methoprene formulated as liquid larvicide did not affect oviposition of either Culex spp. or Aedes japonicus in 19-1 plastic buckets. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Environm Management, Mosquito Abatement Off, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Butler, M (reprint author), Endicott Coll, 376 Hale St, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 339 EP 342 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[339:EOMOOB]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 061VK UT WOS:000238900900025 PM 16878421 ER PT J AU Sumner, DM AF Sumner, DM TI Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; recharge; runoff; precipitation; simulation; hydrologic cycle ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; POTENTIAL EVAPORATION; PRIESTLEY-TAYLOR; SURFACE; PARAMETERS; INPUT; FLUX AB Evapotranspiration (ET) approximations, usually based on computed potential ET (PET) and diverse PET-to-ET conceptualizations, are routinely used in hydrologic analyses. This study presents an approach to incorporate measured (actual) ET data, increasingly available using micrometeorological methods, to define the adequacy of ET approximations for hydrologic simulation. The approach is demonstrated at a site where eddy correlation-measured ET values were available. A baseline hydrologic model incorporating measured ET values was used to evaluate the sensitivity of simulated water levels, subsurface recharge, and surface runoff to error in four ET approximations. An annually invariant pattern of mean monthly vegetation coefficients was shown to be most effective, despite the substantial year-to-year variation in measured vegetation coefficients. The temporal variability of available water (precipitation minus ET) at the humid, subtropical site was largely controlled by the relatively high temporal variability of precipitation, benefiting the effectiveness of coarse ET approximations, a result that is likely to prevail at other humid sites. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrates Sci Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Sumner, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrates Sci Ctr, 12703 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM dmsumner@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 699 EP 711 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04486.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 059NA UT WOS:000238738300012 ER PT J AU Lyon, SW McHale, MR Walter, MT Steenhuis, TS AF Lyon, SW McHale, MR Walter, MT Steenhuis, TS TI The impact of runoff generation mechanisms on the location of critical source areas SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nonpoint source pollution; land use/land cover; runoff modeling; watershed management; TMDL; phosphorus ID STREAM WATER-QUALITY; LAND-USE; PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT; STORM RUNOFF; MODEL; BASIN; FLOW; DYNAMICS; EQUATION; DESIGN AB Identifying phosphorus (P) source areas and transport pathways is a key step in decreasing P loading to natural water systems. This study compared the effects of two modeled runoff generation processes - saturation excess and infiltration excess - on total phosphorus (TP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in 10 catchment streams of a Catskill mountain watershed in southeastern New York. The spatial distribution of runoff from forested land and agricultural land was generated for both runoff processes; results of both distributions were consistent with Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) theory. These spatial runoff distributions were then used to simulate stream concentrations of TP and SRP through a simple equation derived from an observed relation between P concentration and land use; empirical results indicate that TP and SRP concentrations increased with increasing percentage of agricultural land. Simulated TP and SRP stream concentrations predicted for the 10 catchments were strongly affected by the assumed runoff mechanism. The modeled TP and SRP concentrations produced by saturation excess distribution averaged 31 percent higher and 42 percent higher, respectively, than those produced by the infiltration excess distribution. Misrepresenting the primary runoff mechanism could not only produce erroneous concentrations, it could fail to correctly locate critical source areas for implementation of best management practices. Thus, identification of the primary runoff mechanism is critical in selection of appropriate models in the mitigation of nonpoint source pollution. Correct representation of runoff processes is also critical in the future development of biogeochemical transport models, especially those that address nutrient fluxes. C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Watershed Res Sect, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Lyon, SW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mtw5@cornell.edu RI Lyon, Steve/B-6802-2009 OI Lyon, Steve/0000-0002-1137-648X NR 52 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 793 EP 804 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04493.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 059NA UT WOS:000238738300019 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, JKH Vondracek, B AF Zimmerman, Julie K. H. Vondracek, Bruce TI Effects of stream enclosures on drifting invertebrates and fish growth SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE field experiments; experimental artifacts; competition; brown trout; brook trout; slimy sculpin ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK CHARR; PREY MOVEMENTS; COTTUS-BAIRDI; SLIMY SCULPIN; BROWN TROUT; PREDATION; SCALE; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB Stream ecologists often use enclosure experiments to investigate predator-prey interactions and competition within and among fish species. The design of enclosures, manipulation of species densities, and method of replication may influence experimental results. We designed an experiment with enclosure cages (1 m(2), 6-mm mesh) to examine the relative influence of fish size, density, and prey availability on growth of brown trout (Salmo trutta), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) within enclosures in Valley Creek, Minnesota. In addition, we examined water flow and invertebrate drift entering enclosures and in open riffles to investigate whether enclosures reduced the supply of invertebrate prey. Growth of small (age-0) brook and brown trout was not influenced by fish density, but growth of larger (age-1) trout generally decreased as density increased. Sculpin growth was not related to fish size or density, but increased with mean size of invertebrates in the drift. Enclosures reduced water flow and tended to reduce invertebrate drift rate, although total drift rate (ind./min), total drift density (ind./m(3)), and mean size of invertebrates were not significantly different inside enclosures compared to adjacent stream riffles. Enclosures had no effect on drift rate or size of Gammarus pseudolimnaeus, the main prey item for trout and sculpin in Valley Creek. Overall, our analyses indicated that reductions of prey availability by enclosures did not influence fish growth. Trout growth may have been limited at larger sizes and densities because of increased activity costs of establishing and defending territories, whereas sculpin growth was related to availability of large prey, a factor not influenced by enclosures. C1 Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Zimmerman, JKH (reprint author), SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM jzimmerman@tnc.org; bvondrac@umn.edu NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 453 EP 464 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[453:EOSEOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 047PQ UT WOS:000237891600016 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DJ Heinz, GH Audet, DJ AF Hoffman, David J. Heinz, Gary H. Audet, Daniel J. TI Phosphorus amendment reduces hepatic and renal oxidative stress in mallards ingesting lead-contaminated sediments SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; DALENE RIVER-BASIN; NORTHERN IDAHO; CANADA GEESE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SMELTING COMPLEX; S-TRANSFERASE; TUNDRA SWANS; GLUTATHIONE AB Lead poisoning of waterfowl has been reported for decades in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin (CDARB) in Idaho as a result of the ingestion of lead-contaminated sediments. This study was conducted to determine whether the addition of phosphoric acid to CDARB sediments would reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of lead to the liver and kidney of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Mallards received diets containing 12% clean sediment (controls) or 12% sediment from three different CDARB sites containing 4520, 5390, or 6990 mu g/g lead (dry weight) with or without phosphoric acid amendment. Liver and kidney lead concentrations were significantly higher in all CDARB treatment groups and ranged from geometric mean values of 18.2 (liver) and 28.7 (kidney) for the first 2 sites to 22.5 (liver) and 45.6 (kidney) mg/g (wet weight) for the third site. With amendments all liver lead concentrations were reduced 36 to 55%, and all kidney lead concentrations were lowered 54 to 73%. Unamended CDARB sediment from the third site resulted in the following hepatic effects: over 1.6- fold elevation of liver glutathione (reduced form; GSH) concentration, higher GSH S-transferase and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) reductase activities, and lower protein-bound thiols (PBSH) concentration. Renal effects included higher kidney GSH concentrations for all CDARB sites, with over 2.1-fold higher for the third site. Resulting kidney GSSG to GSH ratios were lower at two sites. At the third site, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity was elevated, and lipid peroxidation as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) was 1.7-fold greater. Amendment restored all hepatic variables as well as the renal variables TBARS and GGT so they did not differ from controls. Although amendments of phosphorus substantially reduced the bioavailability of lead and some of the adverse effects, lead concentrations in the tissues of mallards fed the amended sediments were still above those considered to be harmful to waterfowl under the present conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Spokane, WA USA. RP Hoffman, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david_hoffman@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1039 EP 1053 DI 10.1080/00397910500360210 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 046IQ UT WOS:000237805500002 PM 16840252 ER PT J AU Sharp, BL Kus, BE AF Sharp, Bryan L. Kus, Barbara E. TI Factors influencing the incidence of cowbird parasitism of least Bell's vireos SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE behavior; brood parasitism; brown-headed cowbird; host-activity; least Bell's vireo; Molothrus ater; nest-concealment; perch proximity; riparian woodland; San Diego County; vegetation; Vireo bellii pusillus ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD; NEST-SITE CHARACTERISTICS; BROOD PARASITISM; HOST ACTIVITY; SONG SPARROW; FOREST; PATTERNS; BIRDS; EDGE; LANDSCAPE AB Least Bell's vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) is a federally endangered subspecies of Bell's vireo subject to high levels of brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Brood parasitism greatly reduces the reproductive success of the vireo. We examined the relationship of vegetation structure surrounding nests and of activity near the nest to the incidence of brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds of least Bell's vireos. We examined vegetation structure at 3 spatial scales: microhabitat (0-1 m from a nest), mesohabitat (1-11.3 m from a nest), and macrohabitat (greater than 11.3 m from a nest). Nests with high microhabitat cover and mesohabitat cover within 5 m of the nest had a lower incidence of parasitism than those with low cover at these scales. Unparasitized nests had fewer trees greater than 8-cm diameter at breast height (dbh) within 11.3 m, and they had less canopy cover within 5 m than parasitized nests. Cowbirds parasitized nests farther from the edge of the riparian habitat more often than nests near the edge. Activity near the nest did not differ significantly between parasitized and unparasitized nests. We suggest that microhabitat cover is the most important habitat feature influencing the incidence of brood parasitism of least Bell's vireos, and we conclude that cover near the nest reduces the chance that a cowbird will observe nesting activity. We suggest that habitat management for improved breeding success of least Bell's vireos focus on increasing the density of understory vegetation. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Kus, BE (reprint author), Colegiol Amer Durango, Apartado Postal 495, Durango 34000, Mexico. EM barbara_kus@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 682 EP 690 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[682:FITIOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065SY UT WOS:000239180800007 ER PT J AU Grant, TA Madden, EM Shaffer, TL Pietz, PJ Berkey, GB Kadrmas, NJ AF Grant, Todd A. Madden, Elizabeth M. Shaffer, Terry L. Pietz, Pamela J. Berkey, Gordon B. Kadrmas, Neil J. TI Nest survival of clay-colored and vesper sparrows in relation to woodland edge in mixed-grass prairies SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aspen woodland; clay-colored sparrow; edge effects; grassland birds; mixed-grass prairie; North Dakota; vesper sparrow; woody vegetation ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN; BIRDS; VEGETATION; PREDATION; HABITAT; DAKOTA; CONSERVATION; PASSERINES AB The quantity and quality of northern mixed-grass prairie continues to decline because of conversion to agriculture, invasion of woody and exotic plants, and disruption of important ecological processes that shape grasslands. Declines in grassland bird populations in North Dakota, USA, have coincided with these largely anthropogenic alterations to prairie habitat. In grasslands of north-central and northwestern North Dakota, woody plants have increased due primarily to fire suppression, extirpation of bison (Bos bison), and widescale planting of tree shelter belts. In northern grasslands, effects of woody vegetation on survival of grassland birds are poorly understood, and conclusions are based mainly on studies conducted outside the region. We examined nest survival of clay-colored sparrows (Spizella pallida) and vesper sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus) relative to the distance nests were located from aspen (Populus tremuloides) woodland edges and relative to other habitat features near the nest. Clay-colored and vesper sparrow nest survival was higher for nests located near woodland edges, nests with greater cover of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), and nests more concealed by vegetation. Vesper sparrow nest survival increased as the percent cover of tall shrubs near the nest increased. Based on video-camera data, the 13-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) was the most common predator of sparrow eggs and young. Thirteen-lined ground squirrels were more common far from woodland edges than near and this pattern may, in part, explain clay-colored and vesper sparrow nest survival in relation to woodland edges. In contrast to our results, studies conducted in other grassland systems generally report lower nest survival for grassland birds nesting near trees and shrubs. This disparity in results demonstrates the need to identify specific nest predators and their distributions with respect to important habitat features because these data can be important in explaining-and perhaps predicting-patterns of nest predation. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, J Clark Salyer Natl Wildlife Refuge, Upham, ND 58789 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Grant, TA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Med Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, Med Lake, MT 59247 USA. EM todd_grant@fws.gov NR 58 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 691 EP 701 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[691:NSOCAV]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065SY UT WOS:000239180800008 ER PT J AU Thatcher, CA Van Manen, FT Clark, JD AF Thatcher, Cindy A. Van Manen, Frank T. Clark, Joseph D. TI Identifying suitable sites for Florida panther reintroduction SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Florida panther; habitat models; Puma concolor; radiotelemetry; reintroduction; south Florida; southeastern United States ID WILDLIFE HABITAT MODELS; HOME-RANGE; CONSERVATION AB A major objective of the 1995 Florida Panther (Puma concolor coryi) Recovery Plan is the establishment of 2 additional panther populations within the historic range. Our goal was to identify prospective sites for Florida panther reintroduction within the historic range based on quantitative landscape assessments. First, we delineated 86 panther home ranges using telemetry data collected from 1981 to 2001 in south Florida to develop a Mahalanobis distance (D-2) habitat model, using 4 anthropogenic variables and 3 landscape variables mapped at a 500-m resolution. From that analysis, we identified 9 potential reintroduction sites of sufficient size to support a panther population. We then developed a similar D-2 model at a higher spatial resolution to quantify the area of favorable panther habitat at each site. To address potential for the population to expand, we calculated the amount of favorable habitat adjacent to each prospective reintroduction site within a range of dispersal distances of female panthers. We then added those totals to the contiguous patches to estimate the total amount of effective panther habitat at each site. Finally, we developed an expert-assisted model to rank and incorporate potentially important habitat variables that were not appropriate for our empirical analysis (e.g., area of public lands, livestock density). Anthropogenic factors heavily influenced both the landscape and the expert-assisted models. Of the 9 areas we identified, the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, Ozark National Forest, and Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge regions had the highest combination of effective habitat area and expert opinion scores. Sensitivity analyses indicated that variability among key model parameters did not affect the high ranking of those sites. Those sites should be considered as starting points for the field evaluation of potential reintroduction sites. RP Thatcher, CA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM vanmanen@utk.edu NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 40 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 752 EP 763 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[752:ISSFFP]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065SY UT WOS:000239180800015 ER PT J AU Moon, JA Haukos, DA AF Moon, Jena A. Haukos, David A. TI Survival of female northern pintails wintering in the Playa Lakes Region of northwestern Texas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas acula; northern pintails; Playa Lakes Region; radiotelemetty; survival ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; MOIST-SOIL MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; DUCKS; MALLARDS; WETLANDS; POPULATION; CAPTURE; VALLEY AB The continental population of northern pintails (Anas acuta; hereafter pintails) has declined since the late 1970s, possibly due to poor breeding propensity, low nest success, and low survival rates in response to habitat loss. Survival estimates are unavailable for several winter and migration areas including the Playa Lakes Region (PLR) of northwestern Texas, USA. We investigated winter survival rates, documented periods of mortality, and identified possible causes of mortality for 159 and 168 radiotagged female pintails during 23 October 2002-18 February 2003 and 10 October 2003-18 February 2004, respectively. We located all radiotagged pintails at least once weekly to verity survival status and used-known fate modeling in program MARK to test the influence of capture period, female age class, body mass, and capture location on survival rates. Cumulative survival for the 119-day period in 2002-2003 was 0.925 (95% Cl = 86.0-96.3). During 2003-2004, for a 134-day period, survival estimates declined to 0.694 (95% Cl = 57.1-79.5). The period of highest mortality occurred during the pintail hunting season with 88% of deaths during 2002-2003 and 34% of deaths during 2003-2004 occurring during this period. Age class and capture period did not affect survival rates either year. There was a positive linear correlation between body mass at time of capture and survival rates during winter for 2003-2004. The lower survival during 2003-2004 was probably due to fewer wetlands being available in the PLR. Our results suggest that habitat conditions and hunting disturbance impact survival of pintails in the PLR of Texas. To maintain or increase wintering pintail survival in the PLR, management should expand wetland availability to wintering waterfowl, enhance food resources, provide refuging areas, and initiate a means for perpetual conservation of playas. C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Moon, JA (reprint author), Lower Rio Grande Valley NWR, Alamo, TX 78516 USA. EM Jena_Moon@fws.gov NR 43 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 777 EP 783 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[777:SOFNPW]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065SY UT WOS:000239180800017 ER PT J AU Albrecht, T Horak, D Kreisinger, J Weidinger, K Klvana, P Michot, TC AF Albrecht, Tomas Horak, David Kreisinger, Jakub Weidinger, Karel Klvana, Petr Michot, Thomas C. TI Factors determining pochard nest predation along a wetland gradient SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE artificial nests; Aythya ferina; common pochard; Czech Republic; edge effect; nest predators; nest success; observer effect; waterfowl; wetlands ID ARTIFICIAL DUCK NESTS; WATERFOWL NESTS; TUFTED DUCK; SUCCESS; OVERWATER; MALLARDS; SURVIVAL; ISLANDS; RATES AB Waterfowl management on breeding grounds focuses on improving nest success, but few studies have compared waterfowl nest success and factors affecting nest survival along a wetland gradient and simultaneously identified nest predators. We monitored nests (n = 195) of common pochards (Aythya ferina) in Trebon Basin Biosphere Reserve, Czech Republic, during 1999-2002. Daily nest survival rates PSRs, logistic-exposure) declined from island (0.985, 95% confidence interval, 0.978-0.991) to overwater (0.962, 0.950-0.971) and terrestrial (0.844, 0.759-0.904) nests. The most parsimonious model for DSRs included habitat class (DSPs: island > overwater > terrestrial) and nest visibility. Nest survival was improved by reduced nest visibility, increased water depth, and increased distance from the nest to habitat edge in littoral habitats. On islands, nest success increased with advancing date and increased distance to open water. A model of constant nest survival best explained the data for terrestrial nests. There were no observer effects on DSRs in any habitat. In 2003, artificial nests (n = 180; 120 contained a wax-filled egg) were deployed on study plots. The model that best explained variation in DSRs for artificial nests included only 1 variable: habitat class PSRs: island > overwater > terrestrial). Mammalian predation of artificial nests (by foxes [Vulpes vulpes] and martens [Martes spp.]) was more likely in terrestrial habitats than in littoral habitats or on islands. By contrast, corvids and marsh harriers (Circus aeruginosus) prevailed among predators of overwater and island nests. Our data indicate that artificial islands and wide strips of littoral vegetation may represent secure breeding habitats for waterfowl because those habitats allow nests to be placed in areas that are not accessible to, or that are avoided by, mammalian predators. Management actions should be aimed at preserving these habitats. This, along with creation of new artificial islands, could help to enhance breeding productivity of pochards and possibly other waterfowl species inhabiting man-made ponds. C1 Charles Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Dept Ecol, Fac Sci, CZ-60365 Brno, Czech Republic. Palacky Univ, Ornithol Lab, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Charles Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Albrecht, T (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Vertebrate Biol, CZ-60365 Brno, Czech Republic. EM albrecht@ivb.cz RI Albrecht, Tomas/A-1130-2011; Horak, David/A-9364-2010; Kreisinger, Jakub/H-4020-2011; Weidinger, Karel/J-6758-2012; OI Horak, David/0000-0002-8073-1617; Albrecht, Tomas/0000-0002-9213-0034 NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 784 EP 791 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[784:FDPNPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065SY UT WOS:000239180800018 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JH Taylor, EJ Rexstad, EA AF Schmidt, Joshua H. Taylor, Eric J. Rexstad, Eric A. TI Survival of common goldeneye ducklings in interior Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; boreal forest; Bucephala clangula; common goldeneye; duckling survival; population dynamics; program MARK; sea ducks ID NORTHERN PINTAIL DUCKLINGS; MALLARD DUCKLINGS; BUCEPHALA-CLANGULA; BROOD; DUCKS; BUFFLEHEAD; MOVEMENTS; MORTALITY; FEMALES; ONTARIO AB Duckling survival is an important component of waterfowl population dynamics, and we provide the first-known estimates of duckling survival for common goldeneyes (Bucephala clangula) at the northern limit of their range in Interior Alaska. We color-marked common goldeneye ducklings from 91 broods and radio-marked a subset of the females (n = 39) from a nest-box population in the boreal forest during the summers of 2002 and 2003. We monitored 46 broods in 2002 and 2003 combined and estimated daily survival rates (DSR) and survival to 30 days of age using program MARK. We modeled DSR in relation to year, linear trend across season, duckling age, female age, female body condition, initial brood size, and daily precipitation. Model-averaged duckling survival estimates from the mean yearly hatch date to 30 days of age were 0.64 (95% Cl, 0.37-0.90) and 0.67 (95% Cl, 0.54-0.80) for 2002 and 2003, respectively. Our best-approximating model indicated that survival differed by year and increased in a linear manner over the course of the 2002 season. Precipitation had a consistent negative effect on duckling survival in both years across models, whereas duckling age did not explain much of the variation in daily survival rates. In light of the decline of many populations of sea ducks, we suggest that more effort should be expended to obtain estimates of other population parameters for common goldeneyes, and monitoring programs should attempt to estimate populations more precisely to identify population-level changes in the future. C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Schmidt, JH (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftjhs2@uaf.edu OI Rexstad, Eric/0000-0002-4323-8161 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 792 EP 798 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[792:SOCGDI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065SY UT WOS:000239180800019 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Eadie, JM Szymanski, ML Caswell, JH Vrtiska, MP Raedeke, AH Checkett, JM Afron, AD Moore, TG Caswell, FD Walters, RA Humburg, DD Yee, JL AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Eadie, John M. Szymanski, Michael L. Caswell, Jason H. Vrtiska, Mark P. Raedeke, Andrew H. Checkett, J. Michael Afron, Alan D. Moore, Thomas G. Caswell, F. Dale Walters, Rich A. Humburg, Dale D. Yee, Julie L. TI Effectiveness of spinning-wing decoys varies among dabbling duck species and locations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas; dabbling ducks; harvest; hunting; kill rates; latitudinal trends; life history; spinning-wing decoy; survival ID VULNERABILITY; MALLARDS AB Spinning-wing decoys are strong attractants to ducks and increase kill rates over traditional decoying methods. However, it is unknown whether all duck species are attracted similarly to spinning-wing decoys and whether the effectiveness of these decoys changes with latitude. We examined the effectiveness of spinning-wing decoys for 9 species of dabbling ducks during 545 experimental hunts in California (1999-2000), Minnesota (2002), Manitoba (2001-2002), Nebraska (2000-2002), Missouri (2000-2001), and Arkansas (2001-2003). During each experimental hunt, we systematically alternated between 2 paired decoy treatments every 15-30 min (depending on study site): traditional decoys only and traditional decoys with a spinning-wing decoy. Overall, 70.2% (n = 1,925) of dabbling ducks were harvested (shot and retrieved) when spinning-wing decoys were turned on, ranging from 63.6% (n = 187) in Missouri to 76.4% (n = 356) in Minnesota. Effectiveness of spinning-wing decoys increased with latitude of study sites. Proportions of ducks shot when spinning-wing decoys were turned on differed among species, from a low of 50.0% (n = 8) for cinnamon teal (Anas cyanoptera) to a high of 79.0% (n = 119) for American wigeon (A. americana). The probability of being shot when spinning-wing decoys were turned on increased with annual survival rates among species; for example, spinning-wing decoys were more effective for American wigeon and mallard (A. platyrhynchos) than they were for cinnamon teal and American green-winged teal (A. crecca). Effectiveness of spinning-wing decoys did not differ consistently by age or sex of harvested ducks. Our results indicate that the effectiveness of spinning-wing decoys differs among duck species and changes with latitude; thus, consideration of these effects may be warranted when setting harvest regulations and methods of take. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Conservat Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov RI Eadie, John/E-4820-2011 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 799 EP 804 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[799:EOSDVA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065SY UT WOS:000239180800020 ER PT J AU Hupp, JW Pearce, JM Mulcahy, DM Miller, DA AF Hupp, Jerry W. Pearce, John M. Mulcahy, Daniel M. Miller, David A. TI Effects of abdominally implanted radiotransmitters with percutaneous antennas on migration, reproduction, and survival of Canada geese SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abdominal radiotransmitters; Branta canadensis; Canada goose; migration; nesting; radio telemetry; survival; transmitter effects ID BLUE-WINGED TEAL; GREATER SNOW GEESE; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; WILD MALLARDS; SATELLITE TRANSMITTERS; ATTACHED TRANSMITTERS; MARKED ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR; HARNESS AB Abdominally implanted radiotransmitters with percutaneous antennas are increasingly used to monitor movements, survival, and reproduction of waterbirds. However, there has been relatively little assessment of the effects of such radios on avian demographic parameters or migration. We implanted either a 26- or 35-g abdominal transmitter with percutaneous antenna in 198 adult female lesser Canada geese (Branta canadensis parvipes) in Anchorage, Alaska during 2000 and 2001. We compared migration chronology, reproductive effort, and survival of radiomarked females to 118 control females marked with leg bands. Arrival dates following spring migration were similar among females in different treatments in 2001. However, in 2002, wind direction during late migration was less favorable, and arrival of females with 35-g radiotransmitters lagged 1-2 days behind that of control females. Nest initiation dates, clutch size, and mean egg volume were similar for 152 nests of females that lacked radios and 62 nests of radiomarked females. Estimated nesting propensity for females with operable radiotransmitters was 61% and 72% in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Apparent annual survival (phi = 0.82, 95% confidence interval: 0.76 to 0.87) was similar among treatments in the first year after geese were marked. In the second and third years after marking, model-averaged estimates for survival of females with large radiotransmitters were 10% lower than estimates for control females. However, the effect of large radios on long-term survival was equivocal because of uncertainty surrounding treatment estimates. We conclude that abdominally implanted radiotransmitters with percutaneous antennas had small effects on migration chronology but no apparent effects on fecundity. Abdominal transmitters can provide unbiased estimates of anserine survival in the first year after deployment. Because of the potentially greater effects of larger transmitters on migration and long-term survival, we recommend that biologists minimize the size of implanted transmitters and deploy radios with caution if long-term survival of marked birds is a concern. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Hupp, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jerry_hupp@usgs.gov RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012 NR 50 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 812 EP 822 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[812:EOAIRW]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065SY UT WOS:000239180800022 ER PT J AU Graves, TA Waller, JS AF Graves, Tabitha A. Waller, John S. TI Understanding the causes of missed global positioning system telemetry fixes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE differential correction; fix-rate bias; fix success; grizzly bear; global positioning system; GPS; Montana; telemetry; temporal bias; Ursus arctos ID ANIMAL LOCATION SYSTEM; COLLAR PERFORMANCE; GPS COLLAR; DIFFERENTIAL CORRECTION; HABITAT SELECTION; BOREAL FOREST; GRIZZLY BEARS; ACCURACY; BIAS; MOVEMENT C1 Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Graves, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Field Stn, Glacier Natl Pk, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tgraves@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 844 EP 851 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[844:UTCOMG]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065SY UT WOS:000239180800025 ER PT J AU Harr, K Harvey, J Bonde, R Murphy, D Lowe, M Menchaca, M Haubold, E Francis-Floyd, R AF Harr, K Harvey, J Bonde, R Murphy, D Lowe, M Menchaca, M Haubold, E Francis-Floyd, R TI Comparison of methods used to diagnose generalized inflammatory disease in manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE amyloid; complement-reactive protein; haptoglobin; latirostris; manatee; leukocyte counts (WBC) ID SERUM-AMYLOID-A; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; DAIRY-COWS; HAPTOGLOBIN; INDUCTION; INFECTION; DEXAMETHASONE; CHOLESTEROL; MONOCYTES AB Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) are afflicted with inflammatory and infectious disease secondary to human interaction, such as boat strike and entanglement, as well as "cold stress syndrome" and pneumonia. White-blood-cell count and fever, primary indicators of systemic inflammation in most species, are insensitive in diagnosing inflammatory disease in manatees. Acute phase-response proteins, such as haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, have proven to be sensitive measures of inflammation/infection in domestic large animal species. This study assessed diagnosis of generalized inflammatory disease by different methods including total white-blood-cell count, albumin: globulin ratio, gel electrophoresis analysis, C-reactive protein, alpha, acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, and serum amyloid A. Samples were collected from 71 apparently healthy and 27 diseased animals during diagnostic medical examination. Serum amyloid A, measured by ELISA, followed by albumin: globulin ratio, measured by plasma gel electrophoresis, were most sensitive in diagnosing inflammatory disease, with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of approximately 90%. The reference interval for serum amyloid A is < 10-50 mu g/ml with an equivocal interval of 51-70 mu g/ml. The reference interval for albumin: globulin ratio by plasma gel electrophoresis is 0.7-1.1. Albumin: globulin ratio, calculated using biochemical techniques, was not accurate due to overestimation of albumin by bromcresol green dye-binding methodology. Albumin:globulin ratio, measured by serum gel electrophoresis, has a low sensitivity of 15% due to the lack of fibrinogen in the sample. Haptoglobin, measured by hemoglobin titration, had a reference interval of 0.4-2.4 mg/ml, a diagnostic sensitivity of 60%, and a diagnostic specificity of 93%. The haptoglobin assay is significantly affected by hemolysis. Fibrinogen, measured by heat precipitation, has a reference interval of 100-400 mg/dl, a diagnostic sensitivity of 40%, and a diagnostic specificity of 95%. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. US Geol Survey, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. Lowry Pk Zoo, Tampa, FL 33604 USA. Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Pk, Homosassa, FL 34446 USA. Miami Seaquarium, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Florida Marine Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Harr, K (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. OI Harr, Kendal/0000-0001-5390-3586; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 NR 36 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1638/05-023.1 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 051XW UT WOS:000238196000010 PM 17312794 ER PT J AU Lehmer, EM Biggins, DE Antolin, MF AF Lehmer, E. M. Biggins, D. E. Antolin, M. F. TI Forage preferences in two species of prairie dog (Cynomys parvidens and Cynomus ludovicianus): implications for hibernation and facultative heterothermy SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prairie dogs; hibernation; torpor; linoleic acid; linolenic acid ID SQUIRRELS SPERMOPHILUS-LATERALIS; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; TORPOR PATTERNS; BODY-TEMPERATURE; DIET; TISSUES; LIPIDS; SEX AB Several laboratory studies have shown that the ingestion of dietary linoleic (18:2 omega 6) acid before winter can promote deep and continuous torpor, whereas excess consumption of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 omega 3) can interfere with an animal's ability to reach and maintain low body temperatures during torpor. As mammalian heterotherms obtain linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid strictly from the diet, diet selection has been proposed as a mechanism that allows hibernators to ingest levels of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid that promote favorable torpor patterns. Here diet, dietary nutrient content and patterns of forage preference of a representative hibernator, the Utah prairie dog Cynomys parvidens, and a facultative heterotherm, the black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus, were examined under natural field conditions. Diets of black-tailed (BTPD) and Utah prairie dogs (UTPD) differed across seasons (BTPD F(26,108)=9.59, P < 0.01; UTPD F(38,80)=3.25, P < 0.01) and elevations (BTPD F(26,108)=20.15, P < 0.01; UTPD F(38,80)=20.51, P < 0.01), and forage preference indices indicate that neither species randomly selected plant species relative to their abundance on colonies in any season. Black-tailed prairie dogs did not consume or avoid consumption of plant species based on levels of total lipids, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid or nitrogen. Considering only the plants consumed, black-tailed prairie dogs appeared to prefer plants with low levels of alpha-linolenic acid (F(1,19)=5.81, P=0.03), but there were no detectable relationships between preference and other nutrients. Utah prairie dogs consumed plants higher in alpha-linolenic acid (t=1.98, P=0.05) and avoided plants high in linoleic acid (t=-2.02, P=0.04), but consumption-avoidance decisions did not appear to be related to nitrogen or total lipids. Of the plants consumed, Utah prairie dogs again preferred plants high in alpha-linolenic acid (F(1,17)=4.62, P=0.05). Levels of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid were positively correlated in plants consumed by prairie dogs (BTPD Pearson r=0.66, P < 0.01; UTPD Pearson r=0.79, P < 0.01), reducing the opportunity for independent selection of either lipid. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lehmer, EM (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM lehmer@biology.utah.edu NR 30 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 269 IS 2 BP 249 EP 259 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00085.x PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 043XP UT WOS:000237636500013 ER PT J AU Long, JM Fisher, WL AF Long, James M. Fisher, William L. TI Analysis of environmental variation in a great plains reservoir using principal components analysis and geographic information systems SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE landscape; multivariate; Skiatook Lake; Oklahoma; PCA; GIS AB We present a method for spatial interpretation of environmental variation in a reservoir that integrates principal components analysis (PCA) of environmental data with geographic information systems (GIS). To illustrate our method, we used data from a Great Plains reservoir (Skiatook Lake, Oklahoma) with longitudinal variation in physicochemical conditions. We measured 18 physicochemical features, mapped them using GIS, and then calculated and interpreted four principal components. Principal component I (PC1) was readily interpreted as longitudinal variation in water chemistry, but the other principal components (PC2-4) were difficult to interpret. Site scores for PC1-4 were calculated in GIS by summing weighted overlays of the 18 measured environmental variables, with the factor loadings from the PCA as the weights. PC1-4 were then ordered into a landscape hierarchy, an emergent property of this technique, which enabled their interpretation. PC l was interpreted as a reservoir scale change in water chemistry, PC2 was a microhabitat variable of rip-rap substrate, PC3 identified coves/embayments and PC4 consisted of shoreline microhabitats related to slope. The use of GIS improved our ability to interpret the more obscure principal components (PC2-4), which made the spatial variability of the reservoir environment more apparent. This method is applicable to a variety of aquatic systems, can be accomplished using commercially available software programs, and allows for improved interpretation of the geographic environmental variability of a system compared to using typical PCA plots. C1 Natl Pk Serv, Atlanta, GA 30350 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Long, JM (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 1978 Isl Ford Pkwy, Atlanta, GA 30350 USA. EM jim_long@nps.gov RI Long, James/C-5999-2009 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 132 EP 140 PG 9 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 053ST UT WOS:000238326100004 ER PT J AU Rosenfeld, LK McGee, CD Robertson, GL Noble, MA Jones, BH AF Rosenfeld, LK McGee, CD Robertson, GL Noble, MA Jones, BH TI Temporal and spatial variability of fecal indicator bacteria in the surf zone off Huntington Beach, CA SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sewage effluent; surf zone; diurnal; internal waves; fecal indicator bacteria; tides ID WATER-QUALITY; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; RUNOFF AB Fecal indicator bacteria concentrations measured in the surf zone off Huntington Beach, CA from July 1998-December 2001 were analyzed with respect to their spatial patterns along 23 km of beach, and temporal variability on time scales from hourly to fortnightly. The majority of samples had bacterial concentrations less than, or equal to, the minimum detection limit, but a small percentage exceeded the California recreational water standards. Areas where coliform bacteria exceeded standards were more prevalent north of the Santa Ana River, whereas enterococci exceedances covered a broad area both north and south of the river. Higher concentrations of bacteria were associated with spring tides. No temporal correspondence was found between these bacterial events and either the timing of cold water pulses near shore due to internal tides, or the presence of southerly swell in the surface wave field. All three fecal indicator bacteria exhibited a diel cycle, but enterococci rebounded to high nighttime values almost as soon as the sun went down, whereas coliform levels were highest near the nighttime low tide, which was also the lower low tide. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA 92728 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Sci Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Rosenfeld, LK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OCRo,833 Dyer Rd,Room 328, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM lkrosenf@nps.edu NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 61 IS 5 BP 471 EP 493 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.02.003 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 053XW UT WOS:000238340500002 PM 16616361 ER PT J AU Noble, MA Xu, JP Robertson, GL Rosenfeld, LK AF Noble, MA Xu, JP Robertson, GL Rosenfeld, LK TI Distribution and sources of surfzone bacteria at Huntington Beach before and after disinfection on an ocean outfall - A frequency-domain analysis SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coliform; enterococci; periodograms; Huntington Beach ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; ZONE WATER-QUALITY; TIME-SERIES; SPACED DATA; CALIFORNIA AB Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were measured approximately 5 days a week in ankle-depth water at 19 surfzone stations along Huntington Beach and Newport Beach, California, from 1998 to the end of 2003. These sampling periods span the time before and after treated sewage effluent, discharged into the coastal ocean from the local outfall, was disinfected. Bacterial samples were also taken in the vicinity of the outfall during the pre- and post-disinfection periods. Our analysis of the results from both data sets suggest that land-based sources, rather than the local outfall, were the source of the FIB responsible for the frequent closures and postings of local beaches in the summers of 2001 and 2002. Because the annual cycle is the dominant frequency in the fecal and total coliform data sets at most sampling stations, we infer that sources associated with local runoff were responsible for the majority of coliform contamination along wide stretches of the beach. The dominant fortnightly cycle in enterococci at many surfzone sampling stations suggests that the source for these relatively frequent bacteria contamination events in summer is related to the wetting and draining of the land due to the large tidal excursions found during spring tides. Along the most frequently closed section of the beach at stations 3N-15N, the fortnightly cycle is dominant in all FIBs. The strikingly different spatial and spectral patterns found in coliform and in enterococci suggest the presence of different sources, at least for large sections of beach. The presence of a relatively large enterococci fortnightly cycle along the beaches near Newport Harbor indicates that contamination sources similar to those found off Huntington Beach are present, though not at high enough levels to close the Newport beaches. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Noble, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mnoble@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 61 IS 5 BP 494 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.02.006 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 053XW UT WOS:000238340500003 PM 16644005 ER PT J AU Lee, SR Horton, JW Walker, RJ AF Lee, Seung Ryeol Horton, J. Wright, Jr. Walker, Richard J. TI Confirmation of a meteoritic component in impact-melt rocks of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA - Evidence from osmium isotopic and PGE systematics SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENTS; HIGHLY SIDEROPHILE ELEMENTS; LATE EOCENE; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; RHENIUM; CRATERS; EVENT; COMET AB The osmium isotope ratios and platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations of impact-melt rocks in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure were determined. The impact-melt rocks come from the cored part of a lower-crater section of suevitic crystalline-clast breccia in an 823 m scientific test hole over the central uplift at Cape Charles, Virginia. The (187)Os/(188)Os ratios of impact-melt rocks range from 0.151 to 0.518. The rhenium and platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations of these rocks are 30-270 x higher than concentrations in basement gneiss, and together with the osmium isotopes indicate a substantial meteoritic component in some impact-melt rocks. Because the PGE abundances in the impact-melt rocks are dominated by the target materials, interelemental ratios of the impact-melt rocks are highly variable and nonchondritic. The chemical nature of the projectile for the Chesapeake Bay impact structure cannot be constrained at this time. Model mixing calculations between chondritic and crustal components suggest that most impact-melt rocks include a bulk meteoritic component of 0.01-0.1% by mass. Several impact-melt rocks with lowest initial (187)Os/ (188)Os ratios and the highest osmium concentrations could have been produced by additions of 0.1%-0.2% of a meteoritic component. In these samples, as much as 70% of the total Os may be of meteoritic origin. At the calculated proportions of a meteoritic component (0.01-0.1% by mass), no mixtures of the investigated target rocks and sediments can reproduce the observed PGE abundances of the impact-melt rocks, suggesting that other PGE enrichment processes operated along with the meteoritic contamination. Possible explanations are 1) participation of unsampled target materials with high PGE abundances in the impact-melt rocks, and 2) variable fractionations of PGE during syn- to post-impact events. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, Isotope Geochem Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Geol & Geoinformat Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea. RP Walker, RJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, Isotope Geochem Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rjwalker@geol.umd.edu RI Walker, Richard/K-6869-2016 OI Walker, Richard/0000-0003-0348-2407 NR 52 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 6 BP 819 EP 833 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 051TN UT WOS:000238184000001 ER PT J AU Shaw, KM King, TL Lellis, WA Eackles, MS AF Shaw, KM King, TL Lellis, WA Eackles, MS TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Alasmidonta heterodon (Bivalvia : Unionidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Alasmidonta heterodon; enriched libraries; dwarf wedgemussel; microsatellite DNA; population genetics; unionid AB We developed 13 species-specific microsatellite markers for the federally endangered Atlantic slope unionid Alasmidonta heterodon. Four to 18 alleles per locus were observed among 30 individuals. Observed heterozygosity throughout the loci ranged from 26.9 to 86.2% and averaged 63.6%. Estimates of individual pairwise genetic distances indicated that levels of genetic diversity among loci were sufficient to produce unique multilocus genotypes for all animals surveyed. Randomization tests showed that genotypes for this collection were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg expectations, and no significant linkage disequilibrium was observed between loci. These loci therefore appear suitable for population surveys, kinship assessment and other such applications. C1 USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Branch, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Shaw, KM (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Branch, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM kshaw@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 365 EP 367 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01235.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 043XJ UT WOS:000237635900022 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF AF Bromaghin, JF TI Optibin: a computer program to bin alleles similarly distributed across populations SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE data reduction; exact test; homogeneity; Moute Carlo ID POLYMORPHISM; FISHERIES; LOCI AB Genetic studies of fish and wildlife populations are increasingly based on highly polymorphic DNA loci. The large number of alleles, and particularly the large number of alleles that are observed in low frequency, have led many researchers to bin alleles. However, most strategies for binning alleles are subjective and may lead to loss of discriminatory power. A computer program that implements the allele-binning algorithm of Bromaghin and Crape (2005) is described. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS 331, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jeffrey_bromaghin@fws.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 573 EP 575 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01232.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 043XJ UT WOS:000237635900087 ER PT J AU Moran, K Backman, J Brinkhuis, H Clemens, SC Cronin, T Dickens, GR Eynaud, F Gattacceca, J Jakobsson, M Jordan, RW Kaminski, M King, J Koc, N Krylov, A Martinez, N Matthiessen, J McInroy, D Moore, TC Onodera, J O'Regan, M Palike, H Rea, B Rio, D Sakamoto, T Smith, DC Stein, R St John, K Suto, I Suzuki, N Takahashi, K Watanabe, M Yamamoto, M Farrell, J Frank, M Kubik, P Jokat, W Kristoffersen, Y AF Moran, Kathryn Backman, Jan Brinkhuis, Henk Clemens, Steven C. Cronin, Thomas Dickens, Gerald R. Eynaud, Frederique Gattacceca, Jerome Jakobsson, Martin Jordan, Richard W. Kaminski, Michael King, John Koc, Nalan Krylov, Alexey Martinez, Nahysa Matthiessen, Jens McInroy, David Moore, Theodore C. Onodera, Jonaotaro O'Regan, Matthew Palike, Heiko Rea, Brice Rio, Domenico Sakamoto, Tatsuhiko Smith, David C. Stein, Ruediger St John, Kristen Suto, Itsuki Suzuki, Noritoshi Takahashi, Kozo Watanabe, Mahito Yamamoto, Masanobu Farrell, John Frank, Martin Kubik, Peter Jokat, Wilfried Kristoffersen, Yngve TI The Cenozoic palaeoenvironment of the Arctic Ocean SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; SEDIMENTATION-RATES; THERMAL MAXIMUM; GLACIATION; PACIFIC; CALCITE; BASIN AB The history of the Arctic Ocean during the Cenozoic era ( 0 - 65 million years ago) is largely unknown from direct evidence. Here we present a Cenozoic palaeoceanographic record constructed from >400 m of sediment core from a recent drilling expedition to the Lomonosov ridge in the Arctic Ocean. Our record shows a palaeoenvironmental transition from a warm 'greenhouse' world, during the late Palaeocene and early Eocene epochs, to a colder 'icehouse' world influenced by sea ice and icebergs from the middle Eocene epoch to the present. For the most recent similar to 14 Myr, we find sedimentation rates of 1 - 2 cm per thousand years, in stark contrast to the substantially lower rates proposed in earlier studies; this record of the Neogene reveals cooling of the Arctic that was synchronous with the expansion of Greenland ice (similar to 3.2 Myr ago) and East Antarctic ice (similar to 14 Myr ago). We find evidence for the first occurrence of ice-rafted debris in the middle Eocene epoch (similar to 45 Myr ago), some 35 Myr earlier than previously thought; fresh surface waters were present at,49 Myr ago, before the onset of ice-rafted debris. Also, the temperatures of surface waters during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum (similar to 55 Myr ago) appear to have been substantially warmer than previously estimated. The revised timing of the earliest Arctic cooling events coincides with those from Antarctica, supporting arguments for bipolar symmetry in climate change. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol & Geochem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Utrecht, Dept Biol, Palaeobot & Palynol Lab, NL-3584 DC Utrecht, Netherlands. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Bordeaux, Dept Geol & Oceanog, F-33405 Talence, France. CNRS, CEREGE, Dept Geophys, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. Yamagata Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Yamagata 9908560, Japan. UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. VNIIOkeangeol, Dept Lithol & Geochem, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Fdn Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. British Geol Survey, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geog & Environm, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland. Univ Padua, Dept Geol Paleontol & Geophys, I-35137 Padua, Italy. JAMSTEC, IFREE, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. James Madison Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Geol & Palaeontol, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Geol Survey Japan, Inst Geosci, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. ETH, Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. RP Moran, K (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kate.moran@gso.uri.edu RI Palike, Heiko/A-6560-2008; O'Regan, Matt/B-2157-2010; Jakobsson, Martin/F-6214-2010; Brinkhuis, Henk/B-4223-2009; Dickens, Gerald/G-1222-2011; Kaminski, Michael/K-3334-2012; Smith, David/A-8309-2013; Yamamoto, Masanobu/A-6990-2012; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Moore, Theodore/N-8848-2014; OI Palike, Heiko/0000-0003-3386-0923; Smith, David/0000-0003-0627-5788; Yamamoto, Masanobu/0000-0003-1312-825X; Jordan, Richard/0000-0002-8997-7349; Krylov, Alexey/0000-0001-5539-9758; Jakobsson, Martin/0000-0002-9033-3559; Moore, Theodore/0000-0003-4121-1325; O'Regan, Matt/0000-0002-6046-1488; Eynaud, Frederique/0000-0003-1283-7425; Matthiessen, Jens/0000-0002-6952-2494; Onodera, Jonaotaro/0000-0001-6942-2285; Jokat, Wilfried/0000-0002-7793-5854 NR 42 TC 299 Z9 319 U1 12 U2 91 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 441 IS 7093 BP 601 EP 605 DI 10.1038/nature04800 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048AU UT WOS:000237920800039 PM 16738653 ER PT J AU Brinkhuis, H Schouten, S Collinson, ME Sluijs, A Damste, JSS Dickens, GR Huber, M Cronin, TM Onodera, J Takahashi, K Bujak, JP Stein, R van der Burgh, J Eldrett, JS Harding, IC Lotter, AF Sangiorgi, F Cittert, HVV de Leeuw, JW Matthiessen, J Backman, J Moran, K AF Brinkhuis, H Schouten, S Collinson, ME Sluijs, A Damste, JSS Dickens, GR Huber, M Cronin, TM Onodera, J Takahashi, K Bujak, JP Stein, R van der Burgh, J Eldrett, JS Harding, IC Lotter, AF Sangiorgi, F Cittert, HVV de Leeuw, JW Matthiessen, J Backman, J Moran, K CA Expedition 302 Scientists TI Episodic fresh surface waters in the Eocene Arctic Ocean SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; CRENARCHAEOTAL MEMBRANE-LIPIDS; CAINOZOIC FERNS; CLIMATE; AZOLLA; PALEOCLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; GRADIENTS; SEDIMENTS AB It has been suggested, on the basis of modern hydrology and fully coupled palaeoclimate simulations, that the warm greenhouse conditions(1) that characterized the early Palaeogene period (55-45 Myr ago) probably induced an intensified hydrological cycle(2) with precipitation exceeding evaporation at high latitudes(3). Little field evidence, however, has been available to constrain oceanic conditions in the Arctic during this period. Here we analyse Palaeogene sediments obtained during the Arctic Coring Expedition, showing that large quantities of the free-floating fern Azolla grew and reproduced in the Arctic Ocean by the onset of the middle Eocene epoch (similar to 50 Myr ago). The Azolla and accompanying abundant freshwater organic and siliceous microfossils indicate an episodic freshening of Arctic surface waters during an similar to 800,000-year interval. The abundant remains of Azolla that characterize basal middle Eocene marine deposits of all Nordic seas(4-7) probably represent transported assemblages resulting from freshwater spills from the Arctic Ocean that reached as far south as the North Sea(8). The termination of the Azolla phase in the Arctic coincides with a local sea surface temperature rise from similar to 10 degrees C to 13 degrees C, pointing to simultaneous increases in salt and heat supply owing to the influx of waters from adjacent oceans. We suggest that onset and termination of the Azolla phase depended on the degree of oceanic exchange between Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas. C1 Univ Utrecht, Palaeobot & Palynol Lab, Inst Environm Biol, NL-3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands. Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res NIOZ, Dept Marine Biogeochem & Toxicol, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. Univ London, Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Dept Geol, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci, NL-3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands. Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Bujak Res Inst, Blackpool FY3 8NE, England. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. Shell UK Explorat & Prod Ltd, Aberdeen AB12 3FY, Scotland. Univ Southampton, Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Natl Museum Nat Hist, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol & Geochem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Brinkhuis, H (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Palaeobot & Palynol Lab, Inst Environm Biol, Budapestlaan 4, NL-3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands. EM H.Brinkhuis@bio.uu.nl RI Palike, Heiko/A-6560-2008; Huber, Matthew/A-7677-2008; Lotter, Andre/C-3477-2008; O'Regan, Matt/B-2157-2010; Jakobsson, Martin/F-6214-2010; Brinkhuis, Henk/B-4223-2009; de Leeuw, Jan/F-6471-2011; Dickens, Gerald/G-1222-2011; Harding, Ian/K-3320-2012; Sinninghe Damste, Jaap/F-6128-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Sluijs, Appy/B-3726-2009; OI O'Regan, Matt/0000-0002-6046-1488; Eynaud, Frederique/0000-0003-1283-7425; Matthiessen, Jens/0000-0002-6952-2494; Onodera, Jonaotaro/0000-0001-6942-2285; Palike, Heiko/0000-0003-3386-0923; Huber, Matthew/0000-0002-2771-9977; Lotter, Andre/0000-0002-2954-8809; Sinninghe Damste, Jaap/0000-0002-8683-1854; Sluijs, Appy/0000-0003-2382-0215; Jakobsson, Martin/0000-0002-9033-3559 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 28 TC 160 Z9 163 U1 5 U2 50 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 441 IS 7093 BP 606 EP 609 DI 10.1038/nature04692 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048AU UT WOS:000237920800040 PM 16752440 ER PT J AU Smith, KG AF Smith, KG TI Keystone predators (eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens) reduce the impacts of an aquatic invasive species SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aquatic ecology; biotic resistance; competition; nonindigenous species; predation ID NONINDIGENOUS TADPOLES; WOOD FROG; COMPETITION; SIZE; METAMORPHOSIS; COMPLEXITY; DIVERSITY; BUFONIDAE; FLORIDA; ANURA AB Predation, competition, and their interaction are known to be important factors that influence the structure of ecological communities. In particular, in those cases where a competitive hierarchy exists among prey species, the presence of certain keystone predators can result in enhanced diversity in the prey community. However, little is known regarding the influence of keystone predator presence on invaded prey communities. Given the widespread occurrence of invasive species and substantial concern regarding their ecological impacts, studies on this topic are needed. In this study I used naturalistic replications of an experimental tadpole assemblage to assess the influence of predatory eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, on the outcome of interspecific competition among native and nonindigenous tadpoles. When newts were absent, the presence of the tadpoles of one invasive species, the Cuban treefrog, Osteopilus septentrionalis, resulted in decreased survival and growth rate of the dominant native species, Bufo terrestris, and dominance of the tadpole assemblage by O. septentrionalis. However, the presence of one adult newt generally reduced or eliminated the negative impacts of O. septentrionalis tadpoles, resulting in comparable survival and performance of native species in invaded and noninvaded treatments. Differential mortality among the tadpole species suggests that newts C1 NW Univ, Dept Zool, Sch Environm Sci & Dev, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Smith, KG (reprint author), NW Univ, Dept Zool, Sch Environm Sci & Dev, Private Bag X6001, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. EM drkkgs@puk.ac.za RI Smith, Kevin/A-5044-2010 NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUN PY 2006 VL 148 IS 2 BP 342 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0370-y PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 055BR UT WOS:000238425500017 PM 16463174 ER PT J AU Holland, JN DeAngelis, DL AF Holland, J. N. DeAngelis, D. L. TI Interspecific population regulation and the stability of mutualism: fruit abortion and density-dependent mortality of pollinating seed-eating insects SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID MOTH; OVIPOSITION; FLOWER; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; BIOLOGY AB Two questions central to the population ecology of mutualism include: (1) what mechanisms prevent the inherent positive feedback of mutualism from leading to unbounded population growth; and (2) what mechanisms prevent instability from arising due to overexploitation. Theory and empiricism suggest that preventing such instability requires density-dependent processes. A recent theory proposes that if benefits and costs to a mutualist vary with the density of its partner, then instability can be prevented if the former species can control demographic rates and regulate (or limit) the population density of its partner. The ecological and evolutionary feasibility of this theory of interspecific population regulation has been demonstrated using quantitative models of mutualism between plants and pollinating seed-consuming insects. In these models, resource-limited fruit set and ensuing fruit abortion are mechanisms that can lead to density-dependent recruitment and population regulation of the insects. Yet, there has been little interplay between these theoretical results and empirical research. A recent study empirically examined the density-dependent effects of resource-limited fruit set and fruit abortion in the Yucca/moth mutualism. An analysis of the study led to the conclusion that, even though fruit abortion can account for > 95% of moth mortality, it is largely a density-independent source of mortality that cannot regulate moth population density. Here, we re-analyze those empirical data and conduct further theoretical analyses to examine the nature of fruit abortion on moth recruitment. We conclude that resource-limited fruit set and fruit abortion can effectively regulate and limit moth populations, due to its density-dependent feedback on moth recruitment. Nonetheless, in any given interaction, multiple sources of mortality may contribute to the regulation and limitation of populations, and hence the stability of mutualism, including, larval competition and mortality due to locule damage in the Yucca/moth mutualism. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Holland, JN (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, MS-170,6100 S Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM jholland@rice.edu NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUN PY 2006 VL 113 IS 3 BP 563 EP 571 DI 10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14430.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 050QU UT WOS:000238103800019 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A AF Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A TI Canopy reflectance related to marsh dieback onset and progression in coastal Louisiana SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID PLANT CANOPY; WETLAND VEGETATION; SOIL; CLASSIFICATION; SPECTRA; MODEL; ANGLE AB In this study, we extended previous work linking leaf spectral changes, dieback onset, and progression of Spartina alterniflora marshes to changes in site-specific canopy reflectance spectra. First, we obtained canopy reflectance spectra (approximately 20 m ground resolution) from the marsh sites occupied during the leaf spectral analyses and from additional sites exhibiting visual signs of dieback. Subsequently, the canopy spectra were analyzed at two spectral scales: the first scale corresponded to whole-spectra sensors, such as the NASA Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion, and the second scale corresponded to broadband spectral sensors, such as the EO-1 Advanced Land Imager and the Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper. In the whole-spectra analysis, spectral indicators were generated from the whole canopy spectra (about 400 nm to 1,000 nm) by extracting typical dead and healthy marsh spectra, and subsequently using them to determine the percent composition of all canopy reflectance spectra. Percent compositions were then used to classify canopy spectra at each field site into groups exhibiting similar levels of dieback progression ranging from relatively healthy to completely dead. In the broadband reflectance analysis, blue, green, red, red-edge, and near infrared (Nm) spectral bands and NIR/green and NIR/red transforms were extracted from the canopy spectra. Spectral band and band transform indicators of marsh dieback and progression were generated by relating them to marsh status indicators derived from classifications of the 35 mm slides collected at the same time as the canopy reflectance recordings. The whole spectra and broadband spectral indicators were both able to distinguish (a) healthy marsh, (b) live marsh impacted by dieback, and (c) dead marsh, and they both provided some discrimination of dieback progression. Whole-spectra resolution sensors like the EO-1 Hyperion, however, offered an enhanced ability to categorize dieback progression. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. IAP World Serv Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM elijah_ramsey@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 6 BP 641 EP 652 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 053VQ UT WOS:000238334400006 ER PT J AU Thompson, BD Young, RP Lockner, DA AF Thompson, Ben D. Young, R. Paul Lockner, David A. TI Fracture in Westerly granite under AE feedback and constant strain rate loading: Nucleation, quasi-static propagation, and the transition to unstable fracture propagation SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Euroconference on Rock Physics and Geomechanics CY SEP 19-23, 2004 CL Potsdam, GERMANY DE shear-fracture; nucleation; earthquake; acoustic emission; rupture; granite ID SHEAR-FRACTURE; RUPTURE PROCESS; FAULT GROWTH; EARTHQUAKE; ROCK; DEFORMATION; COMPRESSION; MODEL; ZONE AB New observations of fracture nucleation are presented from three triaxial compression experiments on intact samples of Westerly granite, using Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring. By conducting the tests under different loading conditions, the fracture process is demonstrated for quasi-static fracture (under AE Feedback load), a slowly developing unstable fracture (loaded at a 'slow' constant strain rate of 2.5 x 10(-6)/s) and an unstable fracture that develops near instantaneously (loaded at a 'fast' constant strain rate of 5 x 10(-5) /s). By recording a continuous ultrasonic waveform during the critical period of fracture, the entire AE catalogue can be captured and the exact time of fracture defined. Under constant strain loading, three stages are observed: (1) An initial nucleation or stable growth phase at a rate of similar to 1.3 mm/s, (2) a sudden increase to a constant or slowly accelerating propagation speed of similar to 18 mm/s, and (3) unstable, accelerating propagation. In the similar to 100 ms before rupture, the high level of AE activity (as seen on the continuous record) prevented the location of discrete AE events. A lower bound estimate of the average propagation velocity (using the time-to-rupture and the existing fracture length) suggests values of a few m/s. However from a low gain acoustic record, we infer that in the final few ms, the fracture propagation speed increased to 175 m/s. These results demonstrate similarities between fracture nucleation in intact rock and the nucleation of dynamic instabilities in stick slip experiments. It is suggested that the ability to constrain the size of an evolving fracture provides a crucial tool in further understanding the controls on fracture nucleation. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Toronto, Lassonde Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thompson, BD (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. EM b.thompson@liv.ac.uk NR 26 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 163 IS 5-6 BP 995 EP 1019 DI 10.1007/s00024-006-0054-x PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 051PR UT WOS:000238173500005 ER PT J AU Hostetler, S Pisias, N Mix, A AF Hostetler, Steven Pisias, Nicklas Mix, Alan TI Sensitivity of Last Glacial Maximum climate to uncertainties in tropical and subtropical ocean temperatures SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SOUTH ATLANTIC; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SIMULATION; CALIBRATION; ATMOSPHERE; PALEOTEMPERATURE AB The faunal and floral gradients that underlie the CLIMAP (1981) sea-surface temperature (SST) reconstructions for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) reflect ocean temperature gradients and frontal positions. The transfer functions used to reconstruct SSTs from biologic gradients are biased, however, because at the warmest sites they display inherently low sensitivity in translating fauna to SST and they underestimate SST within the euphotic zones where the pycnocline is strong. Here we assemble available data and apply a statistical approach to adjust for hypothetical biases in the faunal-based SST estimates of LGM temperature. The largest bias adjustments are distributed in the tropics (to address low sensitivity) and subtropics (to address underestimation in the euphotic zones). The resulting SSTs are generally in better agreement than CLIMAP with recent geochemical estimates of glacial-interglacial temperature changes. We conducted a series of model experiments using the GENESIS general atmospheric circulation model to assess the sensitivity of the climate system to our bias-adjusted SSTs. Globally, the new SST field results in a modeled LGM surface-air cooling relative to present of 6.4 degrees C (1.9 degrees C cooler than that of CLIMAP), Relative to the simulation with CLIMAP SSTs, modeled precipitation over the oceans is reduced by 0.4 mm d(-1) (an anomaly -0.4 versus 0.0 mm d(-1) for CLIMAP) and increased over land (an anomaly -0.2 versus -0.5mmd(-1) for CLIMAP). Regionally strong responses are induced by changes in SST gradients. Data-model comparisons indicate improvement in agreement relative to CLIMAP, but differences among terrestrial data inferences and simulated moisture and temperature remain. Our SSTs result in positive mass balance over the northern hemisphere ice sheets (primarily through reduced summer ablation), supporting the hypothesis that tropical and subtropical ocean temperatures may have played a role in triggering glacial changes at higher latitudes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hostetler, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. EM steve@coas.oregonstate.edu NR 60 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 11-12 BP 1168 EP 1185 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.12.010 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 058WA UT WOS:000238694100004 ER PT J AU Bacon, SN Burke, RM Pezzopane, SK Jayko, AS AF Bacon, SN Burke, RM Pezzopane, SK Jayko, AS TI Last glacial maximum and Holocene lake levels of Owens Lake, eastern California, USA SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; SYNCHRONOUS CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN GREAT-BASIN; SIERRA-NEVADA; LATE-PLEISTOCENE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; C-14 AGES; MONO LAKE; VEGETATION; VALLEY AB Stratigraphic investigations of fluvio-deltaic and lacustrine sediments exposed in stream cuts, quarry walls, and deep trenches east of the Sierra Nevada in Owens Valley near Lone Pine, California have enabled the reconstruction of pluvial Owens Lake level oscillations. Age control for these sediments is from 22 radiocarbon (C-14) dates and the identification and stratigraphic correlation of a tephra, which when plotted as a function of age versus altitude, define numerous oscillations in the level of pluvial Owens Lake during the latest Pleistocene and early Holocene. We have constructed a lake-level altitude curve for the time interval similar to 27,000 cat yr BP to present that is based on the integration of this new stratigraphic analysis with published surface stratigraphic data and subsurface core data. Pluvial Owens Lake regressed from its latest Pleistocene highstands from similar to 27,000 to similar to 15,300 cal yr BP, as recorded by similar to 15 m of down cutting of the sill from the altitudes of similar to 1160 to 1145 m. By similar to 11,600 cat yr BP, the lake had dropped similar to 45 m from the 1145 m sill. This lowstand was followed by an early Holocene transgression that attained a highstand near 1135 m before dropping to 1120 m at 7860-7650 cat yr BP that had not been recognized in earlier studies. The lake then lowered another similar to 30 m to shallow and near desiccation levels between similar to 6850 and 4300 cat yr BP. Fluvial cut-and-fill relations north of Lone Pine and well-preserved shoreline features at similar to 1108 m indicate a minor lake-level rise after 4300 cat yr BP, followed by alkaline and shallow conditions during the latest Holocene. The new latest Quaternary lake-level record of pluvial Owens Lake offers insight to the hydrologic balance along the east side of the southern Sierra Nevada and will assist regional paleoclimatic models for the western Basin and Range. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Geol Survey, UC White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. RP Bacon, SN (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM sbacon@dri.edu NR 63 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 11-12 BP 1264 EP 1282 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.014 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 058WA UT WOS:000238694100009 ER PT J AU Thompson, LM van Manen, FT Schlarbaum, SE Depoy, M AF Thompson, LM van Manen, FT Schlarbaum, SE Depoy, M TI A spatial modeling approach to identify potential Butternut restoration sites in Mammoth Cave National Park SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE butternut; butternut canker disease; canopy cover; GIS; GPS; habitat modeling; remote sensing; species restoration ID GIS; CANKER AB Incorporation of disease resistance is nearly complete for several important North American hardwood species threatened by exotic fungal diseases. The next important step toward species restoration would be to develop reliable tools to delineate ideal restoration sites on a landscape scale. We integrated spatial modeling and remote sensing techniques to delineate potential restoration sites for Butternut (Juglans cinerea L.) trees, a hardwood species being decimated by an exotic fungus, in Mammoth Cave National Park (MCNP), Kentucky. We first developed a multivariate habitat model to determine optimum Butternut habitats within MCNP. Habitat characteristics of 54 known Butternut locations were used in combination with eight topographic and land use data layers to calculate an index of habitat suitability based on Mahalanobis distance (D-2). We used a bootstrapping technique to test the reliability of model predictions. Based on a threshold value for the D 2 statistic, 75.9% of the Butternut locations were correctly classified, indicating that the habitat model performed well. Because Butternut seedlings require extensive amounts of sunlight to become established, we used canopy cover data to refine our delineation of favorable areas for Butternut restoration. Areas with the most favorable conditions to establish Butternut seedlings were limited to 291.6 ha. Our study provides a useful reference on the amount and location of favorable Butternut habitat in MCNP and can be used to identify priority areas for future Butternut restoration. Given the availability of relevant habitat layers and accurate location records, our approach can be applied to other tree species and areas. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Field Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Div Sci & Resource Management, Mammoth Cave, KY 42259 USA. RP Thompson, LM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lthomp11@utk.edu NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 2 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2006.00131.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048KY UT WOS:000237947200014 ER PT J AU Twedt, DJ AF Twedt, DJ TI Small clusters of fast-growing trees enhance forest structure on restored bottomland sites SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cottonwood; forest restoration; supplemental planting; sycamore; vertical structure ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; HARDWOOD REFORESTATION; RESTORATION; AFFORESTATION; PERCHES; LANDS; BIRDS; RIVER AB Despite the diversity of trees in bottomland forests, restoration on bottomland sites is often initiated by planting only a few species of slow-growing, hard mast-producing trees. Although successful at establishing trees, these young forests are slow to develop vertical structure, which is a key predictor of forest bird colonization. Furthermore, when natural seed sources are few, restored sites may be depauperate in woody species. To increase richness of woody species, maximum tree height, and total stem density, I supplemented traditional plantings on each of 40 bottomland restoration sites by planting 96 Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) in eight clusters of 12 trees. First-year survival of cottonwood stem cuttings (25%) and sycamore seedlings (47%) was poor, but survival increased when afforded protection from competition with weeds. After five growing seasons, 165 of these 320 supplemental tree clusters had at least one surviving tree. Vegetation surrounding surviving clusters of supplemental trees harbored a greater number of woody species, increased stem density, and greater maximum tree height than was found on paired restoration sites without supplemental trees. These increases were primarily accounted for by the supplemental trees. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 254 S Frontage Rd,Suite C, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM dtwedt@usgs.gov OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 2 BP 316 EP 320 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2006.00134.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048KY UT WOS:000237947200017 ER PT J AU Talbot, SS Talbot, SL Schofield, WB AF Talbot, Stephen S. Talbot, Sandra Looman Schofield, Wilfred B. TI Vascular flora of Izembek National Wildlife Refuge, westernmost Alaska Peninsula, Alaska SO RHODORA LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Beringia; coastal; flora; life-form; northern boreal zone; phytogeographic ID SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA; SHUMAGIN ISLANDS AB The vascular flora of Izembek National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), where few previous collections had been reported, was collected and recorded at sites selected to represent the totality of environmental variation. A total of 349 species (339 native and 10 introduced) was identified. To provide a comparative phytogeographic framework, we analyzed data from published reports that categorized vascular plant distribution patterns from a circumpolar, North American, and Alaskan perspective. The native flora of the Izembek NWR primarily includes species of circumpolar (38%), eastern Asian (23%), Eurasian (18%), and North American (13%) distribution. The most important longitudinal distributional classes in North America consist of transcontinental (62%) and extreme western species (31%). The annotated list of species in Izembek NWR expands the range of many species, filling a distributional gap in Hulten's Western Pacific Coast district. Forty notable range extensions are reported. The flora of Izembek NWR is primarily made up of boreal species and lacks many of the species considered to be Arctic. Comparison with the Raunkiaer life-form spectrum similarly points to the boreal. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Talbot, SS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM stephen_talbot@fws.gov; sandra_talbot@usgs.gov; wilfs@interchange.ubc.ca RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB INC PI LAWRENCE PA P.O. BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0035-4902 J9 RHODORA JI Rhodora PD SUM PY 2006 VL 108 IS 935 BP 249 EP 293 DI 10.3119/0035-4902(2006)108[249:VFOINW]2.0.CO;2 PG 45 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 097LY UT WOS:000241450500005 ER PT J AU Schramm, HL Eggleton, MA AF Schramm, Harold L., Jr. Eggleton, Michael A. TI Applicability of the flood-pulse concept in a temperate floodplain river ecosystem: Thermal and temporal components SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE flood-pulse concept; regulated rivers; floodplain; Mississippi River; catfishes ID LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HYDROLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY; SYSTEM; FISHES; HABITAT; REGIME; GROWTH; USA AB Annual growth increments were calculated for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) and flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) from the lower Mississippi River (LMR) to assess hypothesized relationships between fish growth and floodplain inundation as predicted by the Flood-Pulse Concept. Variation in catfish growth increment was high for all age classes of both species, and growth increments were not consistently related to various measures of floodplain inundation. However, relationships became stronger, and usually direct, when water temperature was integrated with area and duration of floodplain inundation. Relationships were significant for four of six age classes for blue catfish, a species known to utilize floodplain habitats. Though similar in direction, relationships were weaker for flathead catfish, which is considered a more riverine species. Our results indicate the Flood-Pulse Concept applies more strongly to temperate floodplain-river ecosystems when thermal aspects of flood pulses are considered. We recommend that future management of the LMR should consider ways to 'recouple' the annual flood and thermal cycles. An adaptive management approach will allow further determination of important processes affecting fisheries production in the LMR. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Schramm, HL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mail Stop 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM hschramm@cfr.msstate.edu NR 34 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 543 EP 553 DI 10.1002/rra.921 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 057YR UT WOS:000238631600003 ER PT J AU Piper, DZ Ludington, S Duval, JS Taylor, HE AF Piper, DZ Ludington, S Duval, JS Taylor, HE TI Geochemistry of bed and suspended sediment in the Mississippi river system: Provenance versus weathering and winnowing SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE stream sediment; Mississippi River Basin; geochemistry; weathering; pollutants ID TRACE-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; AMAZON RIVER; WATERS; EVOLUTION; METALS; BRAZIL; BASIN; FE AB Stream-bed sediment for the size fraction less than 150 gm, examined in 14,000 samples collected mostly from minor tributaries to the major rivers throughout the Mississippi River drainage system, is composed of 5 mineral fractions identified by factor analysis-Al-silicate minerals, quartz, calcite and dolomite, heavy minerals, and an Fe-Mn fraction. The Al-silicate fraction parallels its distribution in the regolith, emphasizing the local sediment source as a primary control to its distribution. Quartz and the heavy-mineral fraction, and associated trace elements, exhibit a complementary distribution to that of the Al-silicate fraction, with a level of enrichment in the bed sediment that is achieved through winnowing and sorting. The carbonate fraction has a distribution suggesting its dissolution during transport. Trace elements partitioned onto the Fe-Mn, possibly amorphous oxyhydride, fraction are introduced to the streams, in part, through human activity. Except for the heavy-mineral fraction, these fractions are identified in suspended sediment from the Mississippi River itself Although comparison of the tributary bed sediment with the riverine suspended sediment is problematic, the geochemistry of the suspended sediment seems to corroborate the interpretation of the geochemistry of the bed sediment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Piper, DZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, M-S 901,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM dzpiper@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 362 IS 1-3 BP 179 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.05.041 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 059NQ UT WOS:000238739900015 PM 16143367 ER PT J AU Bossio, DA Fleck, JA Scow, KM Fujii, R AF Bossio, DA Fleck, JA Scow, KM Fujii, R TI Alteration of soil microbial communities and water quality in restored wetlands SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE microbial community composition; phospholipid fatty acid; dissolved organic carbon; decomposition; water quality; wetlands ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; PATTERNS; CARBON; SEASON; DEPTH AB Land usage is a strong determinant of soil microbial community composition and activity, which in turn determine organic matter decomposition rates and decomposition products in soils. Microbial communities in permanently flooded wetlands, such as those created by wetland restoration on Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta islands in California, function under restricted aeration conditions that result in increasing anaerobiosis with depth. It was hypothesized that the change from agricultural management to permanently flooded wetland would alter microbial community composition, increase the amount and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) compounds in Delta waters; and have a predominant impact on microbial communities as compared with the effects of other environmental factors including soil type and agricultural management. Based on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, active microbial communities of the restored wetlands were changed significantly from those of the agricultural fields, and wetland microbial communities varied widely with soil depth. The relative abundance of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased with increasing soil depth in both wetland and agricultural profiles, whereas branched fatty acids were relatively more abundant at all soil depths in wetlands as compared to agricultural fields. Decomposition conditions were linked to DOC quantity and quality using fatty acid functional groups to conclude that restricted aeration conditions found in the wetlands were strongly related to production of reactive carbon compounds. But current vegetation may have had an equally important role in determining DOC quality in restored wetlands. In a larger scale analysis, that included data from wetland and agricultural sites on Delta islands and data from two previous studies from the Sacramento Valley, an aeration gradient was defined as the predominant determinant of active microbial communities across soil types and land usage. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Int Water Management Inst, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Calf State Univ Fdn, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Bossio, DA (reprint author), Int Water Management Inst, POB 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka. EM d.bossio@cgiar.org NR 25 TC 54 Z9 87 U1 9 U2 65 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1223 EP 1233 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.027 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 049PO UT WOS:000238028700008 ER PT J AU Borken, W Davidson, EA Savage, K Sundquist, ET Steudler, P AF Borken, W Davidson, EA Savage, K Sundquist, ET Steudler, P TI Effect of summer throughfall exclusion, summer drought, and winter snow cover on methane fluxes in a temperate forest soil SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CH4 flux; drought; forest; gas diffusion; moisture; organic horizon; snow cover; water stress ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CH4 OXIDATION; CONSUMPTION; N2O; CO2; ECOSYSTEMS; MOISTURE; SPRUCE; SINK AB Soil moisture strongly controls the uptake of atmospheric methane by limiting the diffusion of methane into the soil, resulting in a negative correlation between soil moisture and methane uptake rates under most non-drought conditions. However, little is known about the effect of water stress on methane uptake in temperate forests during severe droughts. We simulated extreme summer droughts by exclusion of 168 mm (2001) and 344 mm (2002) throughfall using three translucent roofs in a mixed deciduous forest at the Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, USA. The treatment significantly increased CH4 uptake during the first weeks of throughfall exclusion in 2001 and during most of the 2002 treatment period. Low summertime CH4 uptake rates were found only briefly in both control and exclusion plots during a natural late summer drought, when water contents below 0.15 g cm(-3) may have caused water stress of methanotrophs in the A horizon. Because these soils are well drained, the exclusion treatment had little effect on A horizon water content between wetting events, and the effect of water stress was smaller and more brief than was the overall treatment effect on methane diffusion. Methane consumption rates were highest in the A horizon and showed a parabolic relationship between gravimetric water content and CH4 consumption, with maximum rate at 0.23 g H2O g(-1) soil. On average, about 74% of atmospheric CH4 was consumed in the top 4-5 cm of the mineral soil. By contrast, little or no CH4 consumption occurred in the 0 horizon. Snow cover significantly reduced the uptake rate from December to March. Removal of snow enhanced CH4 uptake by about 700-1000%, resulting in uptake rates similar to those measured during the growing season. Soil temperatures had little effect on CH4 uptake as long as the mineral soil was not frozen, indicating strong substrate limitation of methanotrophs throughout the year. Our results suggest that the extension of snow periods may affect the annual rate of CH4 oxidation and that summer droughts may increase the soil CH4 sink of temperate forest soils. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bayreuth, Dept Soil Energy, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Biol Marine Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Borken, W (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Dept Soil Energy, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany. EM werner.borken@uni-bayreuth.de RI Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013 OI Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697 NR 21 TC 65 Z9 77 U1 7 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1388 EP 1395 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.10.011 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 049PO UT WOS:000238028700026 ER PT J AU Mettenbrink, CW Dreitz, VJ Knopf, FL AF Mettenbrink, Christian W. Dreitz, Victoria J. Knopf, Fritz L. TI Nest success of mountain plovers relative to anthropogenic edges in Eastern Colorado SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PREDATION; BIRDS; GRASSLAND; FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE; HABITAT AB We monitored nest success of mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) relative to distance from the nearest anthropogcnic edges, such as fence lines, roads, and perimeters of crop fields, in 2003 and 2004. We located and observed 163 mountain plover nests in eastern Colorado (USA). At least one egg hatched in 81 of 163 nests. Successful nests occurred at a mean distance of 93.94 m +/- 8.87 SE, whereas unsuccessful nests were located 84.39 m +/- 8.95 SE from the nearest edge. Based on our model selection criteria (AIC(c)), nests farther from edges were not necessarily more successful than those closer to edges. The logistic regression coefficient for edge effects (0.13 +/- 0.12 SE) suggests that nests farther from edges are more successful. However, the standard error for the edge coefficient was large and the 95% confidence interval (-0.08, 0.35) encompassed zero, suggesting nest success was independent of distance from an anthropomorphic edge. We conclude that phenomena determining nest success of mountain plovers cannot be attributed to the single factor of anthropogenic edges in this fragmented landscape. C1 Colorado State Univ, Colorado Nat Heritage Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dreitz, VJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Colorado Nat Heritage Program, 8002 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Victoria.Dreitz@state.co.us NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[191:NSOMPR]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 057KD UT WOS:000238593800007 ER PT J AU Schneider, SC Wunder, MB Knopf, FL AF Schneider, SC Wunder, MB Knopf, FL TI Relationship between shrubs and foods in mountain plover habitat in Park County, Colorado SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ARTHROPODS; CALIFORNIA; SELECTION; DENSITY; FIELD AB We explored habitat use in terms of vegetation structure and potential forage availability for mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) in Park County Colorado. We quantified the percentage cover of bare ground, percentage cover of shrubs (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus), linear distance to nearest shrub, arthropod biomass, and grasshopper density for 102 plots of 1,963 m(2), 51 of which were occupied by plovers and 51 of which were selected randomly within previously-classified potential habitat. We modeled the probability of habitat use by plovers based on these measurements. We further subdivided the occupied plots to model probability of habitat use by adults with broods as compared with use by pre-nesting and post-nesting adults. Percentage of bare ground and probability of habitat use for adults with broods were related inversely, but not so for adults without broods. Grasshopper density was positively related to probability of habitat use by adults without broods, whereas proximity to nearest shrub was negatively related. We propose that habitat use by plovers in South Park is influenced by the amount of available shrub-grassland edge habitat and the availability of forage. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Heritage Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wunder, MB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Heritage Program, 8002 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM michael.wunder@colostate.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[197:RBSAFI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 057KD UT WOS:000238593800008 ER PT J AU Mueller, GA Carpenter, J Thornbrugh, D AF Mueller, GA Carpenter, J Thornbrugh, D TI Bullfrog tadpole (Rana catesbeiana) and red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) predation on early life stages of endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HETEROBRANCHUS-LONGIFILIS LARVAE; COLORADO RIVER; ORCONECTES-VIRILIS; BUFO-REGULARIS; FISH RECOVERY; VULNERABILITY; IMPACT AB Bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) and red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) are widespread introduced taxa, that are problematic throughout the western United States. Their impact on native amphibians and crustaceans is well documented, but less is known regarding their influence on native fishes. Predator-prey tank tests showed both species consumed eggs and larvae of the endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) in a laboratory setting. Tadpoles consumed 2.2 razorback sucker eggs/d and 1.4 razorback sucker larvae/d, while crayfish ate 6.0 eggs/d and 3.5 larvae/d. Relatively high densities of bullfrog tadpoles and crayfish in razorback sucker spawning areas suggest that these normative taxa might pose a threat to the recruitment success of this and other imperiled native fish. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80052 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Mueller, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25007, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM Gordon_A_Mueller@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 258 EP 261 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[258:BTRCAR]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 057KD UT WOS:000238593800017 ER PT J AU Finney, ST AF Finney, ST TI Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) upstream of critical habitat in the Yampa River, Colorado SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB The Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) is a federally endangered fish, which was once abundant and widespread in the Colorado River basin. During exotic fish removal sampling in the spring of 2003, 2004, and 2005, 2 Colorado pikeminnow were collected upstream of critical habitat in the Yampa River, Colorado. Collection of these specimens might be an artifact of low historical sampling effort, but they do serve to document potential habitat use of Colorado pikeminnow outside of critical habitat. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fisheries Project, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. RP Finney, ST (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fisheries Project, 1380 S 2350 W, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. EM sam_finney@fws.gov NR 3 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 262 EP 263 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[262:CPPLUO]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 057KD UT WOS:000238593800018 ER PT J AU Siemers, JL Chen, YR Canestorp, KM Sovell, JR Cornelisse, KL AF Siemers, JL Chen, YR Canestorp, KM Sovell, JR Cornelisse, KL TI Range expansion of the least shrew (Cryptotis parva) in Colorado SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NEW-MEXICO AB We report the collection of 4 specimens that extend the range of the least shrew (Cryptotis parva) in Colorado. The 2 collection locations are approximately 240 km and 290 km from previously collected specimens documented from the Cimarron River watershed in southeastern Colorado and approximately 300 km from those documented from the Arkansas River watershed in Kansas. These 4 specimens are the first individuals reported from the Arkansas River watershed in Colorado. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Heritage Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish & Wildlife Assistance Off, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. RP Siemers, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Heritage Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jsiemers@colostate.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 267 EP 269 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[267:REOTLS]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 057KD UT WOS:000238593800020 ER PT J AU Vijayan, MM Aluru, N Maule, AG Jorgensen, EH AF Vijayan, MM Aluru, N Maule, AG Jorgensen, EH TI Fasting augments PCB impact on liver metabolism in anadromous arctic char SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Salvelinus alpinus; Aroclor 1254; CYP1A; glucocorticoid receptor; hsps; gluconeogenesis ID PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE PEPCK; RAINBOW-TROUT HEPATOCYTES; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; BETA-NAPHTHOFLAVONE; CORTISOL; GLUCOSE; ACID; RESPONSES AB Anadromous arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) undertake short feeding migrations to seawater every summer and accumulate lipids, while the rest of the year is spent in fresh water where the accumulated lipid reserves are mobilized. We tested the hypothesis that winter fasting and the associated polychlorinated biphenyls' (PCBs) redistribution from lipid depots to critical tissues impair the liver metabolic capacity in these animals. Char were administered Aroclor 1254 (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg body mass) orally and maintained for 4 months without feeding to mimic seasonal winter fasting, while fed groups (0 and 100 mg Aroclor 1254/kg) were maintained for comparison. A clear dose-related increase in PCB accumulation and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) protein content was observed in the livers of fasted fish. This PCB concentration and CYP1A response with the high dose of Aroclor were 1.5-fold and 3-fold greater in the fasted than in the fed fish, respectively. In fed fish, PCB exposure lowered liver glycogen content, whereas none of the other metabolic indicators were significantly affected. In fasted fish, PCB exposure depressed liver glycogen content and activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and elevated 3-hydroxyacylcoA dehydrogenase activity and glucocorticoid receptor protein expression. There were no significant impacts of PCB on heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and hsp90 contents in either fed or fasted fish. Collectively, our study demonstrates that winter emaciation associated with the anadromous lifestyle predisposes arctic char to PCB impact on hepatic metabolism including disruption of the adaptive metabolic responses to extended fasting. C1 Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA USA. Univ Tromso, Norwegian Coll Fishery Sci, Tromso, Norway. RP Vijayan, MM (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM mvijayan@uwaterloo.ca NR 35 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 91 IS 2 BP 431 EP 439 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj154 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 044UG UT WOS:000237697300012 PM 16537658 ER PT J AU Haukos, DA Miller, MR Orthmeyer, DL Takekawa, JY Fleskes, JP Casazza, ML Perry, WM Moon, JA AF Haukos, DA Miller, MR Orthmeyer, DL Takekawa, JY Fleskes, JP Casazza, ML Perry, WM Moon, JA TI Spring migration of northern pintails from Texas and New Mexico, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Anas acuta; Gulf Coast; New Mexico; Northern Pintail; playa wetland; satellite telemetry; spring migration; Texas ID SACRAMENTO-VALLEY; POPULATION; CALIFORNIA; DROUGHT; ALASKA; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR; ROUTES; GEESE; SIZE AB We used satellite transmitters (platform transmitting terminals or PTTs) during 2002 and 2003 to document spring migration timing, routes, stopover sites, and nesting sites of adult female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) from major wintering areas of the Gulf Coast (N = 20) and Playa Lakes Regions (PLR, N = 20) in Texas, and the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico (MRGV, N = 15). Some Pintails tagged in the MRGV continued movements into Mexico. Poor winter survival or PTT failure reduced sample size to 15 for PLR Pintails, 5 for Gulf Coast Pintails, and I I for MRGV Pintails. Apparent winter survival was 66% lower for Texas Gulf Coast PTT-tagged Pintails than for those from the PLR and MRGV. Pintails from each area used different routes to their respective breeding grounds. PTT-tagged Pintails from the MRGV followed the Rio Grande Valley north to southern Colorado, before traveling on to the Dakotas and Canada or traveled northeast and joined the migration of PLR Pintails in Texas or Kansas. The latter made initial stops in Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, or the Dakotas. Gulf Coast Pintails traveled through north-central Oklahoma or central Kansas. Pintails that had stopped first in Kansas or Nebraska tended to settle to nest in the United States. Wetland availability in the Prairie Pothole Region of the Northern Great Plains influenced nesting destinations of PTT-tagged Pintails, but individuals settled across a wide swath of northern North America. We did not detect any consistently-used spring staging areas. Therefore, negative impacts to any. of the marked populations, or their wetland habitats, may have continental implications. C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Haukos, DA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, MS 2125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM david.haukos@ttu.edu OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X NR 41 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 18 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[127:SMONPF]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 060FR UT WOS:000238788400001 ER PT J AU Phillips, LM Powell, AN AF Phillips, LM Powell, AN TI Evidence for wing molt and breeding site fidelity in King Elders SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; breeding; fidelity; King Eider; satellite telemetry; Somateria spectabilis; wing molt ID ALASKA PENINSULA; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; EIDERS; LAKE AB Fidelity of King Eiders (Somateria spectabilis) to breeding and wing molt sites was examined using satellite telemetry data obtained opportunistically when battery life of transmitters provided locations in a second year. Consecutive breeding locations were obtained for eleven female and 23 male King Eiders. All females exhibited breeding site fidelity by returning to sites within 15 km of first year breeding areas on the North Slope of Alaska. Breeding locations of males in a subsequent year were located on average > 1000 km from their prior breeding sites and were primarily outside Alaska, on the coasts of Russia and Canada. Second-year wing molt locations were obtained for two female and six male King Eiders. Wing molt sites of males were located 6.2 +/- 3.1 km apart on average in successive years, while female wing molt locations averaged almost 50 km apart. Our results demonstrate site fidelity of female King Eiders to a breeding area on the North Slope of Alaska, document the dispersal of male King Eiders between breeding seasons, and present the first evidence for wing molt site fidelity in males. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USGS Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Phillips, LM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM lphillips@yritwc.com OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X NR 28 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[148:EFWMAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 060FR UT WOS:000238788400003 ER PT J AU Whittier, JB Leslie, DM Van den Bussche, RA AF Whittier, JB Leslie, DM Van den Bussche, RA TI Genetic variation among subspecies of Least Tern (Sterna antillarum): Implications for conservation SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Least Tern; Sterna antillarum; population structure; genetic variation; mitochondria; nuclear introns ID MITOCHONDRIAL CONTROL REGION; POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SITE FIDELITY; DNA-SEQUENCES; F-STATISTICS; DISPERSAL; EVOLUTION; POLYMORPHISMS; HYBRIDIZATION AB DNA sequence variation from two nuclear introns and part of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene were used to evaluate population structure among three subspecies of Least Tern that nest in the United States (California [Sterna antillarum browni], Interior [S. a. athalassos], Eastern [S. a. antillarum]). Sequence variation was highest for nuclear intron XI (Gadp) within the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. The second nuclear intron was fixed for the same allele in all subspecies. Fixation indices, F-ST and M-ST for Gadp indicated genetic divergence between California and Interior subspecies. Estimates of nuclear gene flow were < 4 individuals/generation, except between the Interior and Eastern subspecies (4 individuals/generation). Genetic indices for mitochondrial DNA did not differ among subspecies, and gene flows (reflecting female dispersal) ranged from 10 to 83 individuals/generation. Reservations are expressed about the validity of the current subspecific divisions and further research is required, including their taxonomic relationship to the Little Tern (Sterna albifrons). C1 Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Whittier, JB (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM whittier@ksti.edu NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[176:GVASOL]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 060FR UT WOS:000238788400007 ER PT J AU Davis, CA Austin, JE Buhl, DA AF Davis, CA Austin, JE Buhl, DA TI Factors influencing soil invertebrate communities in riparian grasslands of the central Platte River floodplain SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE arthropod; riparian grassland; Nebraska; Platte River; soil invertebrate; wet meadow ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; AMERICAN TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; GROUNDWATER LEVELS; SANDHILL CRANES; NEBRASKA; POPULATIONS; PASTURES; GRADIENT; NEMATODE; ECOLOGY AB In the Platte River Valley of central Nebraska, USA, riparian grasslands (also known as wet meadows) have been severely impacted by a reduction in river flows, causing lower ground-water levels and altered seasonal hydroperiods. The potential impacts of these hydrologic changes, as well as the environmental factors that influence wet meadow soil invertebrate communities, are not well understood. An understanding of the ecological processes that influence these invertebrate communities is crucial for maintaining and restoring wet meadows along the Platte River. Our objectives were to describe the soil invertebrate community of wet meadows throughout the growing season and to examine the relative roles of abiotic factors in determining patterns in invertebrate community structure. We conducted the study in 12 wet meadows along the Platte River during 1999 and 2000. We identified 73 invertebrate taxa; 39 were considered soil inhabitants. Total biomass was primarily composed of earthworms, Scarabaeidae, Isopoda, and Elateridae, with earthworms and Scarabaeidae accounting for > 82%. Differences in river flow and precipitation patterns influenced some soil invertebrates. Earthworms and Scarabaeidae declined dramatically from 1999 (wet year) to 2000 (dry year). The topographic gradient created by the ridge-swale complex affected several soil invertebrate taxa; Scarabaeidae, Diplopoda, and Lepidoptera biomasses were greatest on drier ridges, while Tipulidae and Isopoda biomasses were greatest in wetter sloughs. Responses of earthworm taxa to the topographic gradient were variable, but generally, greater biomasses occurred on ridges and mid-elevations. Water-table depth and soil moisture were the most important variables influencing wet meadow soil invertebrates. Because these communities are linked to the hydrologic processes of the Platte River, future alterations of wet meadow hydrology could shift the distribution patterns of many of these invertebrates and possibly eliminate more moisture-tolerant taxa. To maintain wet meadows and their biotic communities, flow management should focus on regaining as much as possible of the former hydrograph through properly timed flows that provide an adequate hydrologic regime for wet meadows. In addition, restoration of wet meadows will depend on restoring the natural topography of wet meadows. C1 Platte River Whooping Crane Maintenance Trust, Wood River, NE 68883 USA. US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Davis, CA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, 430 Life Sci W, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM craigda@okstate.edu OI Austin, Jane/0000-0001-8775-2210 NR 64 TC 13 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 30 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 438 EP 454 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[438:FISICI]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058YY UT WOS:000238701700015 ER PT J AU Chipps, SR Hubbard, DE Werlin, KB Haugerud, NJ Powell, KA Thompson, J Johnson, T AF Chipps, SR Hubbard, DE Werlin, KB Haugerud, NJ Powell, KA Thompson, J Johnson, T TI Association between wetland disturbance and biological attributes in floodplain wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE wetland bioassessment; Missouri River floodplain; biological metrics; invertebrate diversity; plant richness; mosquito larvae ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; MISSOURI RIVER; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; LAND-USE; INDEX; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; STREAMS AB y We quantified the influence of agricultural activities on environmental and biological conditions of floodplain wetlands in the upper Missouri River basin. Seasonally-flooded wetlands were characterized as low impact (non-disturbed) or high impact (disturbed) based on local land use. Biological data collected from these wetlands were used to develop a wetland condition index (WCI). Fourteen additional wetlands were sampled to evaluate the general condition of seasonally-flooded floodplain wetlands. Structural and functional attributes of macrophyte, algae, and macroinvertebrate communities were tested as candidate metrics for assessing biotic responses. The WCI we developed used six biological metrics to discriminate between disturbed and non-disturbed wetlands: 1) biomass of Culicidae larvae, 2) abundance of Chironomidae larvae, 3) macroinvertebrate diversity, 4) total number of plant species, 5) the proportion of exotic plant species, and 6) total number of sensitive diatom species. Disturbed wetlands had less taxa richness and species diversity and more exotic and nuisance (e.g., mosquitoes) species. Environmental differences between low and high impact wetlands included measures of total potassium, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, alkalinity, conductance, and sediment phosphorus concentration. Canonical analyses showed that WCI scores were weakly correlated (P = 0.057) with environmental variables in randomly selected wetlands. In addition, mean WCI score for random wetlands was higher than that for high impact wetlands, implying that floodplain wetlands were less impacted by the types of agricultural activities affecting high impact sites. Inter-year sampling of some wetlands revealed that WCI metrics were correlated in 2000 and 2001, implying that biological metrics provided useful indicators of disturbance in floodplain wetlands. C1 S Dakota State Univ, USGS S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Chipps, SR (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, USGS S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 77 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 30 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 497 EP 508 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[497:ABWDAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058YY UT WOS:000238701700020 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, WB Sumner, DM AF Shoemaker, W. Barclay Sumner, David M. TI Alternate corrections for estimating actual wetland evapotranspiration from potential evapotranspiration SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; potential evapotranspiration; surface-energy fluxes; regression ID COTTONWOOD LAKE AREA; ENERGY-BUDGET METHOD; PRAIRIE WETLAND; NORTH-DAKOTA; EVAPORATION; SURFACE; MODELS; RATIO; WATER; USA AB Corrections can be used to estimate actual wetland evapotranspiration (AET) from potential evapotranspiration (PET) as a means to define the hydrology of wetland areas. Many alternate parameterizations for correction coefficients for three PET equations are presented, covering a wide range of possible data-availability scenarios. At nine sites in the wetland Everglades of south Florida, USA, the relatively complex PET Penman equation was corrected to daily total AET with smaller standard errors than the PET simple and Priestley-Taylor equations. The simpler equations, however, required less data (and thus less funding for instrumentation), with the possibility of being corrected to AET with slightly larger, comparable, or even smaller standard errors. Air temperature generally corrected PET simple most effectively to wetland AET, while wetland stage and humidity generally corrected PET Priestley-Taylor and Penman most effectively to wetland AET. Stage was identified for PET Priestley-Taylor and Penman as the data type with the most correction ability at sites that are dry part of each year or dry part of some years. Finally, although surface water generally was readily available at each monitoring site, AET was not occurring at potential rates, as conceptually expected under well-watered conditions. Apparently, factors other than water availability, such as atmospheric and stomata resistances to vapor transport, also were limiting the PET rate. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. US Geol Survey, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714 USA. RP Shoemaker, WB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3110 SW 9th Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. EM bshoemak@usgs.gov OI Shoemaker, W. Barclay/0000-0002-7680-377X NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 528 EP 543 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[528:ACFEAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058YY UT WOS:000238701700023 ER PT J AU Titter, RW AF Titter, RW TI Lists of potential hydrophytes for the United States: A regional review and their use in wetland and identification SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE wetland plant lists; hydrophytes; hydrophytic vegetation; wetland ecotypes; National Wetlands Inventory; prevalence index; wetland identification; wetland delineation ID HABITAT AB The U.S. federal government has developed lists of plant species that occur in wetlands. The initial purpose of these lists was to enumerate plants that grow in wetlands and that could be used to identify wetlands according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's wetland classification system. The first list was generated in 1976 by the Service, and since that time, the list has undergone several iterations as more information was reviewed or became available through field investigations and scientific research. Two lists are currently published and available for use: a 1988 list and a 1996 draft list. The latter list represents an improvement based on nearly 10 years of field work by the four signatory agencies plus comments from other agencies, organizations, wetland scientists, and others. The national list was generated from 13 regional lists. These data have not been summarized previously; this note provides an interregional summary of vital statistics. The 1988 list included 6,728 species, while the 1996 list has nearly 1,000 additions for a total of 7,662 species (a 14% increase). Roughly one-third of the nation's vascular plants have some potential for being hydrophytes-plants growing in water or on a substrate that is at least periodically deficient in oxygen due to excessive wetness. Each species on the list is assigned an indicator status reflecting its frequency of occurrence in wetlands: 1) obligate (OBL; > 99% of time in wetlands), 2) facultative wetland (FACW; 67-99% in wetlands), 3) facultative (FAC; 34-66%), 4) facultative upland (FACU; 1-33%), and 5) upland (UPL; < 1%). From 1988 to 1996, the regional lists of potentially hydrophytic species increased by more than 39 percent in three regions: Caribbean, North Plains, and Central Plains. The percent of OBL, FACW, and FAC species on the lists decreased in the Northeast and Hawaii. The percent of OBL and FACW species also decreased in the Southeast and Northwest. The number of OBL species declined in all but three regions, whereas the number of FACU species added to the lists increased in all regions except Hawaii. The regional "wetland plant" lists have been used to help identify plant communities that possess a predominance of wetland indicator plants (i.e., a positive indicator of hydrophytic vegetation) and to identify wetlands that can be recognized solely based on their vegetation. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wetlands Inventory Program, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. RP Titter, RW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wetlands Inventory Program, NE Reg,300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM ralph_tiner@fws.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 624 EP 634 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058YY UT WOS:000238701700032 ER PT J AU Flint, PL Grand, JB Fondell, TF Morse, JA AF Flint, Paul L. Grand, J. Barry Fondell, Thomas F. Morse, Julie A. TI Population dynamics of greater scaup breeding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE Alaska; annual survival; Aythya marila; duckling survival; greater scaup; nesting success; population model; productivity; Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta ID FEMALE LESSER SCAUP; WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; EGG-SIZE; AYTHYA-AFFINIS; MALLARD DUCKLINGS; NORTHERN PINTAILS; NESTING SUCCESS; BLACK BRANT; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; SOUTHWESTERN MANITOBA AB Populations of greater scaup.(Aythya marila) remained relatively stable during a period when populations of lesser scaup (A. affinis) have declined from historic levels. To assist in describing these differences in population trends, from 1991 through 2000, we studied the survival, nesting ecology, and productivity of greater scaup on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Y-K Delta), Alaska, to develop a model of population dynamics. We located nests, radio-marked females for renesting studies, estimated duckling survival, and leg-banded females to examine nest site fidelity and annual survival. Greater scaup initiated egg laying later than other species, and most clutches (> 80%) were initiated over 20 days each year. We located 1,056 nests; nest success ranged from 7 to 61% among years. Following loss of their first clutch, 51% of radio-tagged females attempted to renest. Duckling survival to 30 days of age was 37.5%. Our best model suggested that annual survival did not vary among years and averaged 81%. Survival rate was positively related to structural body size. Only 8 of 214 banded individuals were reported as recovered (1 each in Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Washington, and Alaska and 3 in California). Using a stochastic model, we estimated that, on average, breeding females produced 0.57 young females/nesting season. We combined this estimate of productivity with our annual estimates of adult survival and an assumed population growth rate of 1.0, then solved for an estimate of first-year survival (0.40). Under these conditions the predicted stable age distribution of breeding females (i.e., the nesting population) was 15.1% 1-year-old, 4.1% 2-year-old first-time breeders, and 80.8% 2-year-old and older, experienced breeders. We subjected this stochastic model to perturbation analyses to examine the relative effects of demographic parameters on lambda. The relative effects of productivity and adult survival on the population growth rate were 0.26 and 0.72, respectively. Thus, compared to productivity, proportionally equivalent changes in annual survival would have 2.8 times the effect on lambda. However, when we examined annual variation in predicted population size using standardized regression coefficients, productivity explained twice as much variation as annual survival. Thus, management actions focused on changes in survival or productivity have the ability to influence population size; however, substantially larger changes in productivity are required to influence population trends. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Flint, PL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, 108 White Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM paul_flint@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 105 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0084-0173 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD JUN PY 2006 IS 162 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 065YF UT WOS:000239195500001 ER PT J AU Collier, BA Krementz, DG AF Collier, BA Krementz, DG TI White-tailed deer management practices on private lands in Arkansas SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; Deer Camp Program; Odocoileus virginianus; population management; Quality Deer Management; regulations; selective harvest; survey; white-tailed deer ID POPULATIONS; HUNTER; STRATEGIES; WATERFOWL; ATTITUDES; QUALITY AB Development of management plans for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) requires that states examine how multiple biological and regulatory factors (i.e., season timing, hunting access, bag limits) influence populations. In the southeastern United States, harvest restrictions often exceed state regulations on private lands. Thus, better information regarding harvest management on private lands is needed by wildlife agencies when developing management plans. We received responses from 1, 184 white-tailed deer hunting camps registered in the Arkansas Deer Camp Program (DCPI to evaluate management practices used on private lands in Arkansas. We found that 60% of respondents used harvest restrictions in excess of state regulations. Most differences in harvest restrictions were attributed to involvement in Quality Deer Management (QDM) programs. Harvest restrictions also differed by property ownership class and deer management unit PMU). Hunting camps were more likely to be under QDM when working with Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC) biologists. Camps under QDM were more likely to use restrictions limiting harvest of adult males. Aggregate effects of localized management (e.g., age- and sex-specific harvest) may influence population structure over broad geographic scales. Therefore, comprehensive management planning and evaluation of white-tailed deer harvest regulations must consider the multitude of harvest practices implemented by private land managers. We recommend that state wildlife management agencies conduct population studies to determine impacts of localized harvest restrictions on population dynamics occurring at broader geographic areas. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Collier, BA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bret@tamu.edu NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[307:WDMPOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 058ZB UT WOS:000238702000006 ER PT J AU Schroeder, SA Fulton, DC Lawrence, JS AF Schroeder, SA Fulton, DC Lawrence, JS TI Managing for preferred hunting experiences: A typology of Minnesota waterfowl hunters SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE cluster analysis; harvest management; human dimensions; hunter participation; hunter satisfaction; market segmentation; motivations; typology; waterfowl hunters ID MANAGEMENT AB Most research describing the characteristics and behaviors of waterfowl hunters has assumed this group of sportsmen to be relatively homogenous. Using data obtained through a mail survey conducted in 2000, we developed a typology of Minnesota waterfowl hunters based on experience preferences. This type of information may assist wildlife managers in making regulatory recommendations that increase hunter satisfaction, and hence, participation. We used cluster analysis to group hunters into 5 types. We identified 2 types as enthusiasts and 3 as participants. Enthusiasts hunted more days and placed greater importance on almost all experience items than other respondents. We characterized participant hunters as longtime waterfowl-hunting participants, less-engaged waterfowl-hunting participants, and recreational-casual waterfowl-hunting participants. Longtime and less-engaged waterfowl hunters tended to be older than all other respondents. We suggest that modeling hunter participation using experience preferences and satisfaction also may enhance the harvest-management process. C1 Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wetland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. RP Schroeder, SA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sas@umn.edu NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 380 EP 387 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[380:MFPHEA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 058ZB UT WOS:000238702000017 ER PT J AU Bielefeld, RR Cox, RR AF Bielefeld, Ronald R. Cox, Robert R., Jr. TI Survival and cause-specific mortality of adult female mottled ducks in east-central Florida SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Anas fulvigula; cause-specific mortality; Florida; leg bands; mottled duck; radiotelemetry; season-specific survival ID AMERICAN BLACK DUCKS; WINTER SURVIVAL; MALLARDS; REGION; RATES AB An understanding of survival and underlying causes of mortality is essential to the development of effective management strategies for the mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) in Florida. From radiotelemetry data we estimated season-specific survival rates for the entire annual cycle, cause-specific mortality rates, and annual survival rates. We also tested for variation in survival in relation to year and period of the annual cycle. Our results suggest a strong temporal influence on survival of adult female mottled ducks, both within and among years. We found variation among years in the influence of various mortality agents, with alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), raptors, mammals, and human hunters being the principal mortality factors. Our results also suggest a link between surface water conditions within the Upper St. Johns River Basin (USJRB) and surrounding areas and survival. Agencies managing water and wildlife should be aware of this relationship and consider potential detrimental effects to mottled duck survival. C1 Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fellsmere, FL 32948 USA. Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Bielefeld, RR (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fellsmere, FL 32948 USA. EM ron.bielefeld@fwc.state.fl.us NR 32 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 388 EP 394 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[388:SACMOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 058ZB UT WOS:000238702000018 ER PT J AU Tucker, JW Robinson, WD Grand, JB AF Tucker, James W., Jr. Robinson, W. Douglas Grand, James B. TI Breeding productivity of Bachman's sparrows in fire-managed longleaf pine forests SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEST SUCCESS; HABITAT AB Bachman's Sparrows (Aimophila aestivalis) Occupy fire-dependent, longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystems of the Southeastern United States. Their populations have declined, due, in part, to fire Suppression and degradation of longleaf pine forests. Populations decline when longleaf stands go more than 3 years without fire. The influence of fire on breeding productivity, however, is Poorly understood because territories are large and it is difficult to find the well-hidden nests of this ground-nesting sparrow. In an earlier study, densities of Bachman's Sparrows were similar across pine stands burned 1 to 3 years previously, but declined significantly by the 4th year since burning. To assess whether the decline in density might be associated with a decline in breeding success, in 2001 we used a reproductive index to estimate breeding productivity of 70 territorial males, and from 1999 to 2001 we monitored 28 nests. We examined the influence of (1) season (growing versus dormant) when last burned and (2) years since burning on breeding productivity of Bachman's Sparrows in longleaf pine stands in the Conecuh National Forest, Alabama. Reproductive indices were greater (Z = 1.99, P = 0.047) during the first 3 years after burning (mean = 3.8, SE = 0.4 n = 10) than they were 4 years after burning (mean = 2.0, SE = 0.5, n = 3), similar to the pattern of change in Bachman's Sparrow density. We found no effect of burn season on the breeding productivity index (Z = 0.075, P = 0.94). The parallel patterns of declining density and lower breeding Success suggest that Bachman's Sparrow density may be positively correlated with habitat quality. We conclude that burning longleaf pine forests on a 2-3 year rotation will best maintain Populations of Bachman's Sparrows. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, USGS Alabama Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Tucker, JW (reprint author), Archbold Biol Stn, 475 Easy St, Avon Pk, FL 33825 USA. EM jtucker@archbold-station.org NR 35 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 118 IS 2 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1676/05-022.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 055FV UT WOS:000238436300001 ER PT J AU Stober, JM Krementz, DG AF Stober, Jonathan M. Krementz, David G. TI Variation in Bachman's Sparrow home-range size at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT; MOVEMENTS AB Using radiotelemetry, we studied variation in home-range size of the Bachman's Sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis) at the Savannah River Site (SRS), South Carolina, during the 1995 breeding season. At SRS, sparrows occurred primarily in two habitats: mature pine habitats managed for Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) and pine plantations 1 to 6 years of age. The mean 95% minimum convex polygon home-range size for males and females combined (n = 14) was 2.95 ha +/- 0.57 SE, across all habitats. Mean homerange size for males in mature pine stands (4.79 ha +/- 0.27, n = 4) was significantly larger than that in 4-year-old (3.00 ha +/- 0.31, n = 3) and 2-year-old stands (1.46 ha +/- 0.31, it = 3). Home-range sizes of paired males and females (it = 4 pairs) were similar within habitat type; mean distances between consecutive locations differed by habitat type and sex. We hypothesize that a gradient in food resources drives home-range dynamics. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Stober, JM (reprint author), JW Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Rte 2,Box 2324, Newton, GA 39870 USA. EM jonathan.stober@jonesctr.org NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 118 IS 2 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.1676/04-128.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 055FV UT WOS:000238436300002 ER PT J AU Boal, CW Sibley, FC Estabrook, TS Lazell, J AF Boal, CW Sibley, FC Estabrook, TS Lazell, J TI Insular and migrant species, longevity records, and new species records on Guana Island, British Virgin Islands SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN BIRDS; SURVIVAL AB We conducted mist netting each October from 1994 to 2004 on Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, and recorded bird sightings to develop a more complete inventory of the island's resident and migrant species. During our study, we recorded four new species for the British Virgin Islands: Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia; 1996), Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera; 1997), Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus; 2000), and Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus; 2004). Blackpoll Warbler (Dendroica striata) was the most frequently captured Neotropical migrant landbird, despite only being first detected in the region in 1989. Captures and detections of other Neotropical migrant landbirds suggest that many species may be more common in the region than previously believed, or, as speculated by other researchers, that migrant routes may be shifting eastward due to habitat degradation on western Caribbean islands. We also used recapture data to establish longevity records of resident species, including Caribbean Elaenia (Elaenia martinica; 7 years), Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola; >= 7 years), Black-faced Grassquit (Tiaris bicolor; >= 9 years), and Zenaida Dove (Zenaida aurita; 5 years). Longevities of other resident species were similar to, or slightly less than, those reported elsewhere. C1 US Geol Survey, Texas Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Conservat Agcy, Jamestown, RI 02835 USA. RP Boal, CW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Texas Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 118 IS 2 BP 218 EP 224 DI 10.1676/05-006.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 055FV UT WOS:000238436300011 ER PT J AU Graber, AE Davis, CA Leslie, DM AF Graber, AE Davis, CA Leslie, DM TI Golden-cheeked Warbler males participate in nest-site selection SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BEHAVIOR AB Nest-site selection behaviors have rarely been described for songbirds. Furthermore, male involvement in nest-site selection is generally assumed to be minimal among most species, especially those predominantly exhibiting female nest building. This assumption has held true for the federally endangered Golden-cheeked Warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia), a breeding resident of central Texas. We observed Golden-cheeked Warbler males and females searching for nest sites together on three separate occasions, 2001-2003. Although rare, such observations add to our knowledge of the life history of songbirds. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Graber, AE (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, 2221 W Greenway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. EM agraber@azgfd.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 118 IS 2 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1676/05-044.1 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 055FV UT WOS:000238436300015 ER PT J AU Sierra-Alvarez, R Yenal, U Field, JA Kopplin, M Gandolfi, AJ Garbarino, JR AF Sierra-Alvarez, R Yenal, U Field, JA Kopplin, M Gandolfi, AJ Garbarino, JR TI Anaerobic biotransformation of organoarsenical pesticides monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; methanogenic; sulfate reduction; redox transformations; monomethylarsonous acid ID ARSENIC SPECIATION; SOIL; DEGRADATION; MICROORGANISMS; DEMETHYLATION; METHYLATION; PERSISTENCE; METABOLISM; WATER; MSMA AB Monomethylarsonic acid (MMAV) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) are extensively utilized as pesticides, introducing large quantities of arsenic into the environment. Once released into the environment, these organoarsenicals are subject to microbial reactions. Aerobic biodegradation of MMAV and DMAV has been evaluated, but little is known about their fate in anaerobic environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biotransformation of MMAV and DMAV in anaerobic sludge. Biologically mediated conversion occurred under methanogenic or sulfate-reducing conditions but not in the presence of nitrate. Monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII) was consistently observed as an important metabolite of MMAV degradation, and it was recovered in molar yields ranging from 5 to 47%. The main biotransformation product identified from DMAV metabolism was MMAV, which was recovered in molar yields ranging from 8 to 65%. The metabolites indicate that reduction and demethylation are important steps in the anaerobic bioconversion of MMAV and DMAV, respectively. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Field, JA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, POB 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jimfield@email.arizona.edu RI Field, Jim/N-9373-2015 OI Field, Jim/0000-0001-8704-3289 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 04940] NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 11 BP 3959 EP 3966 DI 10.1021/jf053223n PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 046SU UT WOS:000237832100029 PM 16719521 ER PT J AU Mahowald, NM Muhs, DR Levis, S Rasch, PJ Yoshioka, M Zender, CS Luo, C AF Mahowald, Natalie M. Muhs, Daniel R. Levis, Samuel Rasch, Philip J. Yoshioka, Masaru Zender, Charles S. Luo, Chao TI Change in atmospheric mineral aerosols in response to climate: Last glacial period, preindustrial, modern, and doubled carbon dioxide climates SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MASS ACCUMULATION RATES; PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES; CHINESE LOESS PLATEAU; LATE QUATERNARY LOESS; ST-MICHAEL ISLAND; DUST AEROSOL; DESERT DUST; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PALEOCLIMATIC RECORD AB Desert dust simulations generated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research's Community Climate System Model for the current climate are shown to be consistent with present day satellite and deposition data. The response of the dust cycle to last glacial maximum, preindustrial, modern, and doubled-carbon dioxide climates is analyzed. Only natural (non-land use related) dust sources are included in this simulation. Similar to some previous studies, dust production mainly responds to changes in the source areas from vegetation changes, not from winds or soil moisture changes alone. This model simulates a +92%, +33%, and -60% change in dust loading for the last glacial maximum, preindustrial, and doubled-carbon dioxide climate, respectively, when impacts of carbon dioxide fertilization on vegetation are included in the model. Terrestrial sediment records from the last glacial maximum compiled here indicate a large underestimate of deposition in continental regions, probably due to the lack of simulation of glaciogenic dust sources. In order to include the glaciogenic dust sources as a first approximation, we designate the location of these sources, and infer the size of the sources using an inversion method that best matches the available data. The inclusion of these inferred glaciogenic dust sources increases our dust flux in the last glacial maximum from 2.1 to 3.3 times current deposition. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Mahowald, NM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mahowald@ucar.edu RI Zender, Charles/D-4485-2012; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013 OI Zender, Charles/0000-0003-0129-8024; Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X NR 122 TC 261 Z9 263 U1 6 U2 83 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D10 AR D10202 DI 10.1029/2005JD006653 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 050EP UT WOS:000238070600007 ER PT J AU d'Alessio, MA Williams, CF Burgmann, R AF d'Alessio, M. A. Williams, C. F. Buergmann, R. TI Frictional strength heterogeneity and surface heat flow: Implications for the strength of the creeping San Andreas fault SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FISSION-TRACK THERMOCHRONOLOGY; SLIP-RATE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; FLUID PRESSURE; PLATE BOUNDARY; SHEAR ZONES; STRESS; SYSTEM; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKES AB [ 1] Heat flow measurements along much of the San Andreas fault (SAF) constrain the apparent coefficient of friction (mu(app)) of the fault to < 0.2, much lower than laboratory-derived friction values for most geologic materials. However, heat flow data are sparse near the creeping section of the SAF, a frictional "asperity'' where the fault slips almost exclusively by aseismic creep. We test the hypothesis that the creeping section has a substantially higher or lower mu(app) than adjacent sections of the SAF. We use numerical models to explore the effects of faults with spatially and temporally heterogeneous frictional strength on the spatial distribution of surface heat flow. Heat flow from finite length asperities is uniformly lower than predicted by assuming an infinitely long fault. Over geologic time, lateral offset from strike-slip faulting produces heat flow patterns that are asymmetric across the fault and along strike. We explore a range of asperity sizes, slip rates, and displacement histories for comparing predicted spatial patterns of heat flow with existing measurements. Models with mu(app) similar to 0.1 fit the data best. For most scenarios, heat flow anomalies from a frictional asperity with mu(app) > 0.2 should be detectable even with the sparse existing observations, implying that mu(app) for the creeping section is as low as the surrounding SAF. Because the creeping section does not slip in large earthquakes, the mechanism controlling its weakness is not related to dynamic processes resulting from high slip rate earthquake ruptures. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP d'Alessio, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dalessio@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B5 AR B05410 DI 10.1029/2005JB003780 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 050FU UT WOS:000238073700002 ER PT J AU Sherrod, DR Hagstrum, JT McGeehin, JP Champion, DE Trusdell, FA AF Sherrod, DR Hagstrum, JT McGeehin, JP Champion, DE Trusdell, FA TI Distribution, C-14 chronology, and paleomagnetism of latest Pleistocene and Holocene lava flows at Haleakala volcano, Island of Maui, Hawai'i: A revision of lava flow hazard zones SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID AGE CALIBRATION; EAST MAUI; RIFT-ZONE AB [1] New mapping and 60 new radiocarbon ages define the age and distribution of latest Pleistocene and Holocene ( past 13,000 years) lava flows at Haleakala volcano, Island of Maui. Paleomagnetic directions were determined for 118 sites, of which 89 are in lava flows younger than 13,000 years. The paleomagnetic data, in conjunction with a reference paleosecular variation (PSV) curve for the Hawaiian Islands, are combined with our knowledge of age limitations based on stratigraphic control to refine age estimates for some of the undated lava flows. The resulting volumetric rate calculations indicate that within analytical error, the extrusion rate has remained nearly constant during the past 13,000 years, in the range 0.05 - 0.15 km(3)/kyr, only about half the long-term rate required to produce the postshield strata emplaced in the past similar to 1 Myr. Haleakala's eruptive frequency is similar to that of Hualalai volcano on the Island of Hawai`i, but its lava flows cover substantially less area per unit time. The reduced rates of lava coverage indicate a lower volcanic hazard than in similar zones at Hualalai. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Sherrod, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM dsherrod@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 31 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B5 AR B05205 DI 10.1029/2005JB003876 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 050FU UT WOS:000238073700004 ER PT J AU Harte, PT Konikow, LF Hornberger, GZ AF Harte, PT Konikow, LF Hornberger, GZ TI Simulation of solute transport across low-permeability barrier walls SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE barrier wall; low permeability; dispersion; solute transport AB Low-permeability, non-reactive barrier walls are often used to contain contaminants in an aquifer. Rates of solute transport through such barriers are typically many orders of magnitude slower than rates through the aquifer. Nevertheless, the success of remedial actions may be sensitive to these low rates of transport. Two numerical simulation methods for representing low-permeability barriers in a finite-difference groundwater-flow and transport model were tested. In the first method, the hydraulic properties of the barrier were represented directly on grid cells and in the second method, the intercell hydraulic-conductance values were adjusted to approximate the reduction in horizontal flow, allowing use of a coarser and computationally efficient grid. The alternative methods were tested and evaluated on the basis of hypothetical test problems and a field case involving tetrachloroethylene (PCE) contamination at a Superfund site in New Hampshire. For all cases, advective transport across the barrier was negligible, but preexisting numerical approaches to calculate dispersion yielded dispersive fluxes that were greater than expected. A transport model (MODFLOW-GWT) was modified to (1) allow different dispersive and diffusive properties to be assigned to the barrier than the adjacent aquifer and (2) more accurately calculate dispersion from concentration gradients and solute fluxes near barriers. The new approach yields reasonable and accurate concentrations for the test cases. C1 US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Harte, PT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. EM ptharte@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 85 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.02.012 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 049CJ UT WOS:000237992800009 PM 16600421 ER PT J AU McKee, LJ Ganju, NK Schoellhamer, DH AF McKee, Lester J. Ganju, Neil K. Schoellhamer, David H. TI Estimates of suspended sediment entering San Francisco Bay from the Sacramento and San Joaquin Delta, San Francisco Bay, California SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE suspended sediment; load; long term; tide; interannual; management implications ID ESTUARY; STREAMS AB This study demonstrates the use of suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) data collected at Mallard Island as a means of determining suspended-sediment load entering San Francisco Bay from the Sacramento and San Joaquin River watersheds. Optical backscatter (OBS) data were collected every 15 min during water years (WYs) 1995-2003 and converted to SSC. Daily fluvial advective sediment load was estimated by combining estimated Delta outflow with daily averaged SSC. On days when no data were available, SSC was estimated using linear interpolation. A model was developed to estimate the landward dispersive load using velocity and SSC data collected during WYs 1994 and 1996. The advective and dispersive loads were summed to estimate the total load. Annual suspended-sediment load at Mallard Island averaged 1.2 +/- 0.4 Mt (million metric tonnes). Given that the average water discharge for the 1995-2003 period was greater than the long-term average discharge, it seems likely that the average suspended-sediment load may be less than 1.2 0.4 Mt. Average landward dispersive load was 0.24 Mt/yr, 20% of the total. On average during the wet season, 88% of the annual suspended-sediment load was discharged through the Delta and 43% occurred during the wettest 30-day period. The January 1997 flood transported 1.2 Mt of suspended sediment or about 11% of the total 9-year load (10.9 Mt). Previous estimates of sediment load at Mallard Island are about a factor of 3 greater because they lacked data downstream from riverine gages and sediment load has decreased. Decreasing suspended-sediment loads may increase erosion in the Bay, help to cause remobilization of buried contaminants, and reduce the supply of sediment for restoration projects. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 San Francisco Estuary Inst, Oakland, CA 94621 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP McKee, LJ (reprint author), San Francisco Estuary Inst, 7770 Pardee Lane 2nd Floor, Oakland, CA 94621 USA. EM lester@sfei.org; nganju@usgs.gov; dschoell@usgs.gov RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 NR 60 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 323 IS 1-4 BP 335 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.006 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 057MH UT WOS:000238599400022 ER PT J AU Thornton, EB Sallenger, A Sesto, JC Egley, L McGee, T Parsons, R AF Thornton, EB Sallenger, A Sesto, JC Egley, L McGee, T Parsons, R TI Sand mining impacts on long-term dune erosion in southern Monterey Bay SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dune erosion; beach erosion; sand mining; Monterey Bay AB Southern Monterey Bay was the most intensively mined shoreline (with sand removed directly from the surf zone) in the U.S. during the period from 1906 until 1990, when the mines were closed following hypotheses that the mining caused coastal erosion. It is estimated that the yearly averaged amount of mined sand between 1940 and 1984 was 128,000 m(3)/yr, which is approximately 50% of the yearly average dune volume loss during this period. To assess the impact of sand mining, erosion rates along an 18 km range of shoreline during the times of intensive sand mining (1940-1990) are compared with the rates after sand mining ceased (1990-2004). Most of the shoreline is composed of unconsolidated sand with extensive sand dunes rising up to a height of 46 in, vulnerable to the erosive forces of storm waves. Erosion is defined here as a recession of the top edge of the dune. Recession was determined using stereo-photogrammetry, and LIDAR and GPS surveys. Long-term erosion rates vary from about 0.5 m/yr at Monterey to 1.5 m/yr in the middle of the range, and then decrease northward. Erosion events are episodic and occur when storm waves and high tides coincide, allowing swash to undercut the dune and resulting in permanent recession. Erosion appears to be correlated with the occurrence of El Ninos. The calculated volume loss of the dune in southern Monterey Bay during the 1997-98 El Nino winter was 1,820,000 m(3), which is almost seven times the historical annual mean dune erosion of 270,000 m(3)/yr. The alongshore variation in recession rates appears to be a function of the alongshore gradient in mean wave energy and depletions by sand mining. After cessation of sand mining in 1990, the erosion rates decreased at locations in the southern end of the bay but have not significantly changed at other locations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Inst Hidrograf Marina, Cadiz 11007, Spain. NPMOD Lemore, Lemoore, CA 93246 USA. USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Thornton, EB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM thornton@nps.edu NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAY 30 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2006.02.005 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 049KM UT WOS:000238015100004 ER PT J AU Swezey, CS AF Swezey, CS TI Revisiting the age of the Sahara desert SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID BASIN C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Swezey, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cswezey@usgs.gov OI Swezey, Christopher/0000-0003-4019-9264 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 26 PY 2006 VL 312 IS 5777 BP 1138 EP 1139 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048OW UT WOS:000237957400023 PM 16739253 ER PT J AU Embley, RW Chadwick, WW Baker, ET Butterfield, DA Resing, JA De Ronde, CEJ Tunnicliffe, V Lupton, JE Juniper, SK Rubin, KH Stern, RJ Lebon, GT Nakamura, K Merle, SG Hein, JR Wiens, DA Tamura, Y AF Embley, Robert W. Chadwick, William W., Jr. Baker, Edward T. Butterfield, David A. Resing, Joseph A. De Ronde, Cornel E. J. Tunnicliffe, Verena Lupton, John E. Juniper, S. Kim Rubin, Kenneth H. Stern, Robert J. Lebon, Geoffrey T. Nakamura, Ko-ichi Merle, Susan G. Hein, James R. Wiens, Douglas A. Tamura, Yoshihiko TI Long-term eruptive activity at a submarine arc volcano SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; SEA-FLOOR; MACDONALD SEAMOUNT; EVENT; EVOLUTION; MAGMA AB Three-quarters of the Earth's volcanic activity is submarine, located mostly along the mid-ocean ridges, with the remainder along intraoceanic arcs and hotspots at depths varying from greater than 4,000 m to near the sea surface. Most observations and sampling of submarine eruptions have been indirect, made from surface vessels or made after the fact(1-6). We describe here direct observations and sampling of an eruption at a submarine arc volcano named NW Rota-1, located 60 km northwest of the island of Rota (Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands). We observed a pulsating plume permeated with droplets of molten sulphur disgorging volcanic ash and lapilli from a 15-m diameter pit in March 2004 and again in October 2005 near the summit of the volcano at a water depth of 555 m (depth in 2004). A turbid layer found on the flanks of the volcano (in 2004) at depths from 700 m to more than 1,400 m was probably formed by mass-wasting events related to the eruption. Long-term eruptive activity has produced an unusual chemical environment and a very unstable benthic habitat exploited by only a few mobile decapod species. Such conditions are perhaps distinctive of active arc and hotspot volcanoes. C1 NOAA, PMEL, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, CIMRS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. Univ Quebec, GEOTOP Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geosci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, IFREE, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Embley, RW (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM robert.w.embley@noaa.gov RI Rubin, Kenneth/B-3685-2008; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Tunnicliffe, Verena/D-1056-2014; Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016 OI Rubin, Kenneth/0000-0002-8554-1337; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279 NR 28 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 25 PY 2006 VL 441 IS 7092 BP 494 EP 497 DI 10.1038/nature04762 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 045YP UT WOS:000237778900046 PM 16724063 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF Nyst, M Nishimura, T Thatcher, W AF Pollitz, Fred F. Nyst, Marleen Nishimura, Takuya Thatcher, Wayne TI Inference of postseismic deformation mechanisms of the 1923 Kanto earthquake SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SPHERICAL EARTH; CENTRAL JAPAN; IZU PENINSULA; PLATE; DISTRICT; SEA; MODEL; BOUNDARY; MOTIONS; ARC AB [ 1] Coseismic slip associated with the M7.9, 1923 Kanto earthquake is fairly well understood, involving slip of up to 8 m along the Philippine Sea - Honshu interplate boundary under Sagami Bay and its onland extension. Postseismic deformation after the 1923 earthquake, however, is relatively poorly understood. We revisit the available deformation data in order to constrain possible mechanisms of postseismic deformation and to examine the consequences for associated stress changes in the surrounding crust. Data from two leveling lines and one tide gage station over the first 7 - 8 years postseismic period are of much greater amplitude than the corresponding expected interseismic deformation during the same period, making these data suitable for isolating the signal from postseismic deformation. We consider both viscoelastic models of asthenosphere relaxation and afterslip models. A distributed coseismic slip model presented by Pollitz et al. ( 2005), combined with prescribed parameters of a viscoelastic Earth model, yields predicted postseismic deformation that agrees with observed deformation on mainland Honshu from Tokyo to the Izu peninsula. Elsewhere ( southern Miura peninsula; Boso peninsula), the considered viscoelastic models fail to predict observed deformation, and a model of similar to 1 m shallow afterslip in the offshore region south of the Boso peninsula, with equivalent moment magnitude M-w = 7.0, adequately accounts for the observed deformation. Using the distributed coseismic slip model, layered viscoelastic structure, and a model of interseismic strain accumulation, we evaluate the post-1923 stress evolution, including both the coseismic and accumulated postseismic stress changes and those stresses contributed by interseismic loading. We find that if account is made for the varying tectonic regime in the region, the occurrence of both immediate ( first month) post-1923 crustal aftershocks as well as recent regional crustal seismicity is consistent with the predicted stress pattern. This suggests that the influence of the 1923 earthquake on regional seismicity is fairly predictable and has persisted for at least seven decades following the earthquake. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Geog Survey Inst, Geog & Crustal Dynam Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050811, Japan. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov RI Nishimura, Takuya/G-2789-2013 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 18 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B5 AR B05408 DI 10.1029/2005JB003901 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 049JC UT WOS:000238011300001 ER PT J AU Wilcox, AC Nelson, JM Wohl, EE AF Wilcox, Andrew C. Nelson, Jonathan M. Wohl, Ellen E. TI Flow resistance dynamics in step-pool channels: 2. Partitioning between grain, spill, and woody debris resistance SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRAVEL-BED STREAMS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; BAR RESISTANCE; MOBILE BEDS; WASHINGTON; RIVERS; ADJUSTMENT; MORPHOLOGY; TRANSPORT AB [ 1] In step-pool stream channels, flow resistance is created primarily by bed sediments, spill over step-pool bed forms, and large woody debris (LWD). In order to measure resistance partitioning between grains, steps, and LWD in step-pool channels we completed laboratory flume runs in which total resistance was measured with and without grains and steps, with various LWD configurations, and at multiple slopes and discharges. Tests of additive approaches to resistance partitioning found that partitioning estimates are highly sensitive to the order in which components are calculated and that such approaches inflate the values of difficult-to-measure components that are calculated by subtraction from measured components. This effect is especially significant where interactions between roughness features create synergistic increases in resistance such that total resistance measured for combinations of resistance components greatly exceeds the sum of those components measured separately. LWD contributes large proportions of total resistance by creating form drag on individual pieces and by increasing the spill resistance effect of steps. The combined effect of LWD and spill over steps was found to dominate total resistance, whereas grain roughness on step treads was a small component of total resistance. The relative contributions of grain, spill, and woody debris resistance were strongly influenced by discharge and to a lesser extent by LWD density. Grain resistance values based on published formulas and debris resistance values calculated using a cylinder drag approach typically underestimated analogous flume-derived values, further illustrating sources of error in partitioning methods and the importance of accounting for interaction effects between resistance components. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. RP Wilcox, AC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, 4620 Technol Dr, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM awilcox@usgs.gov OI Wilcox, Andrew C./0000-0002-6241-8977 NR 46 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 17 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 5 AR W05419 DI 10.1029/2005WR004278 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 049KY UT WOS:000238016300002 ER PT J AU Wilcox, AC Wohl, EE AF Wilcox, Andrew C. Wohl, Ellen E. TI Flow resistance dynamics in step-pool stream channels: 1. Large woody debris and controls on total resistance SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN STREAMS; GEOMORPHIC SIGNIFICANCE; HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY; HEADWATER STREAMS; FLUVIAL PROCESSES; REACH MORPHOLOGY; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; WESTERN CASCADES; BED-STEPS; RIVERS AB [ 1] Flow resistance dynamics in step-pool channels were investigated through physical modeling using a laboratory flume. Variables contributing to flow resistance in step-pool channels were manipulated in order to measure the effects of various large woody debris (LWD) configurations, steps, grains, discharge, and slope on total flow resistance. This entailed nearly 400 flume runs, organized into a series of factorial experiments. Factorial analyses of variance indicated significant two-way and three-way interaction effects between steps, grains, and LWD, illustrating the complexity of flow resistance in these channels. Interactions between steps and LWD resulted in substantially greater flow resistance for steps with LWD than for steps lacking LWD. LWD position contributed to these interactions, whereby LWD pieces located near the lip of steps, analogous to step-forming debris in natural channels, increased the effective height of steps and created substantially higher flow resistance than pieces located farther upstream on step treads. Step geometry and LWD density and orientation also had highly significant effects on flow resistance. Flow resistance dynamics and the resistance effect of bed roughness configurations were strongly discharge-dependent; discharge had both highly significant main effects on resistance and highly significant interactions with all other variables. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wilcox, AC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, 4620 Technol Dr,Suite 400, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM awilcox@usgs.gov OI Wilcox, Andrew C./0000-0002-6241-8977 NR 91 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 17 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 5 AR W05418 DI 10.1029/2005WR004277 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 049KY UT WOS:000238016300001 ER PT J AU Carrasco, JJ Neff, JC Harden, JW AF Carrasco, Jonathan J. Neff, Jason C. Harden, Jennifer W. TI Modeling physical and biogeochemical controls over carbon accumulation in a boreal forest soil SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BLACK SPRUCE STANDS; ORGANIC-MATTER; INTERIOR ALASKA; LATITUDE SOILS; JACK PINE; FIRE; TEMPERATURE; TURNOVER; BALANCE AB [1] Boreal soils are important to the global C cycle owing to large C stocks, repeated disturbance from fire, and the potential for permafrost thaw to expose previously stable, buried C. To evaluate the primary mechanisms responsible for both short-and long-term C accumulation in boreal soils, we developed a multi-isotope (12, 14 C) soil C model with dynamic soil layers that develop through time as soil organic matter burns and reaccumulates. We then evaluated the mechanisms that control organic matter turnover in boreal regions including carbon input rates, substrate recalcitrance, soil moisture and temperature, and the presence of historical permafrost to assess the importance of these factors in boreal C accumulation. Results indicate that total C accumulation is controlled by the rate of carbon input, decomposition rates, and the presence of historical permafrost. However, unlike more temperate ecosystems, one of the key mechanisms involved in C preservation in boreal soils examined here is the cooling of subsurface soil layers as soil depth increases rather than increasing recalcitrance in subsurface soils. The propagation of the C-14 bomb spike into soils also illustrates the importance of historical permafrost and twentieth century warming in contemporary boreal soil respiration fluxes. Both C-14 and total C simulation data also strongly suggest that boreal SOM need not be recalcitrant to accumulate; the strong role of soil temperature controls on boreal C accumulation at our modeling test site in Manitoba, Canada, indicates that carbon in the deep organic soil horizons is probably relatively labile and thus subject to perturbations that result from changing climatic conditions in the future. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Carrasco, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM carrasco@colorado.edu; jason.c.neff@colorado.edu; jharden@usgs.gov RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 NR 43 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAY 16 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G2 AR G02004 DI 10.1029/2005JG000087 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090XE UT WOS:000240986400001 ER PT J AU Waite, WF Ruppel, CD Kirby, SH AF Waite, WF Ruppel, CD Kirby, SH TI Comment on "Thermal and visual time-series at a seafloor gas hydrate deposit on the Gulf of Mexico slope," by I.R. MacDonald, L.C. Bender, M. Vardaro, B. Bernard, and J.M. Brooks [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 233 (2005) 49-59] SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Waite, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM wwaite@usgs.gov OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109; Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 245 IS 1-2 BP 481 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.062 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 057MY UT WOS:000238601100039 ER PT J AU Matmon, A Shaked, Y Porat, N Enzel, Y Finkel, R Lifton, N Boaretto, E Agnon, A AF Matmon, A Shaked, Y Porat, N Enzel, Y Finkel, R Lifton, N Boaretto, E Agnon, A TI Landscape development in an hyperarid sandstone environment along the margins of the Dead Sea fault: Implications from dated rock falls (vol 240, pg 803, 2005) SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Matmon, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM arimatmon@cc.huji.ac.il RI Lifton, Nathaniel/M-2017-2015 OI Lifton, Nathaniel/0000-0002-6976-3298 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 245 IS 1-2 BP 484 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.03.013 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 057MY UT WOS:000238601100041 ER PT J AU Rajagopalan, S Anderson, TA Fahlquist, L Rainwater, KA Ridley, M Jackson, WA AF Rajagopalan, S Anderson, TA Fahlquist, L Rainwater, KA Ridley, M Jackson, WA TI Widespread presence of naturally occurring perchlorate in high plains of Texas and New Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRATE DEPOSITS; BENEATH; SAMPLES; ORIGIN; DESERT; WATER AB Perchlorate (ClO4-) occurrence in groundwater has previously been linked to industrial releases and the historic use of Chilean nitrate fertilizers. However, recently a number of occurrences have been identified for which there is no obvious anthropogenic source. Groundwater from an area of 155 000 km(2) in 56 counties in northwest Texas and eastern New Mexico is impacted by the presence of ClO4-. Concentrations were generally low (< 4 ppb), although some areas are impacted by concentrations up to 200 ppb. ClO4- distribution is not related to well type (public water system, domestic, agricultural, or water-table monitoring) or aquifer (Ogallala, Edward Trinity High Plains, Edwards Trinity Plateau, Seymour, or Cenozoic). Results from vertically nested wells strongly indicate a surface source. The source of ClO4- appears to most likely be atmospheric deposition. Evidence supporting this hypothesis primarily relates to the presence of ClO4- in tritium-free older water, the lack of relation between land use and concentration distribution, the inability of potential anthropogenic sources to account for the estimated mass of ClO4-, and the positive relationship between conserved anions (e.g., IO3-, Cl-, SO4-2) and ClO4-. The ClO4- distribution appears to be mainly related to evaporative concentration and unsaturated transport. This process has led to higher ClO4- and other ion concentrations in groundwater where the water table is relatively shallow, and in areas with lower saturated thickness. Irrigation may have accelerated this process in some areas by increasing the transport of accumulated salts and by increasing the number of evaporative cycles. Results from this study highlight the potential for ClO4- to impact groundwater in arid and semiarid areas through long-term atmospheric deposition. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Jackson, WA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM andrew.jackson@ttu.edu RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009 NR 39 TC 89 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3156 EP 3162 DI 10.1021/es052155i PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 042JZ UT WOS:000237525500009 PM 16749675 ER PT J AU Hageman, KJ Simonich, SL Campbell, DH Wilson, GR Landers, DH AF Hageman, KJ Simonich, SL Campbell, DH Wilson, GR Landers, DH TI Atmospheric deposition of current-use and historic-use pesticides in snow at national parks in the Western United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; NEVADA MOUNTAIN-RANGE; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; TRANSPORT; CONTAMINANTS; BEHAVIOR; DICOFOL; AREAS; LAKES AB The United States (U.S.) National Park Service has initiated research on the atmospheric deposition and fate of semi-volatile organic compounds in its alpine, sub-Arctic, and Arctic ecosystems in the Western U. S. Results for the analysis of pesticides in seasonal snowpack samples collected in spring 2003 from seven national parks are presented herein. From a target analyte list of 47 pesticides and degradation products, the most frequently detected current-use pesticides were dacthal, chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, whereas the most frequently detected historic-use pesticides were dieldrin, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, chlordane, and hexachlorobenzene. Correlation analysis with latitude, temperature, elevation, particulate matter, and two indicators of regional pesticide use reveal that regional current and historic agricultural practices are largely responsible for the distribution of pesticides in the national parks in this study. Pesticide deposition in the Alaskan parks is attributed to long-range transport because there are no significant regional pesticide sources. The percentage of total pesticide concentration due to regional transport (%RT) was calculated for the other parks. %RT was highest at parks with higher regional cropland intensity and for pesticides with lower vapor pressures and shorter half-lives in air. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Simonich, SL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM staci.simonich@orst.edu OI Hageman, Kimberly/0000-0001-9187-5256 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES00210] NR 32 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3174 EP 3180 DI 10.1021/es060157c PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 042JZ UT WOS:000237525500012 PM 16749678 ER PT J AU Corsi, SR Geis, SW Loyo-Rosales, JE Rice, CP Sheesley, RJ Failey, GG Cancilla, DA AF Corsi, SR Geis, SW Loyo-Rosales, JE Rice, CP Sheesley, RJ Failey, GG Cancilla, DA TI Characterization of aircraft deicer and anti-icer components and toxicity in airport snowbanks and snowmelt runoff SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITCHELL-INTERNATIONAL-AIRPORT; DEICING FLUIDS; RUNWAY DEICERS; NONYLPHENOL; ETHOXYLATES; WATER; MILWAUKEE; WISCONSIN; ADDITIVES; USA AB Snowbank samples were collected from snowbanks within a medium-sized airport for four years to characterize aircraft deicer and anti-icer (ADAF) components and toxicity. Concentrations of ADAF components varied with median glycol concentrations from individual sampling periods ranging from 65 to 5940 mg/L. Glycol content in snowbanks ranged from 0.17 to 11.4% of that applied to aircraft. Glycol, a freezing point depressant, was selectively removed during melt periods before snow and ice resulting in lower glycol concentrations after melt periods. Concentrations of ADAF components in airport runoff were similar during periods of snowmelt as compared to active ADAF application periods; however, due to the long duration of snowmelt events, greater masses of glycol were transported during snowmelt events. Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO), selected APEO degradation products, and 4- and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole were detected in snowbank samples and airport snowmelt. Concentrations of APEO parent products were greater in snowbank samples than in runoff samples. Relative abundance of APEO degradation products increased in the downstream direction from the snowbank to the outfalls and the receiving stream with respect to APEO parent compounds and glycol. Toxicity in Microtox assays remained in snowbanks after most glycol had been removed during melt periods. Increased toxicity in airport snowbanks as compared to other urban snowbanks was not explained by additional combustion or fuel contribution in airport snow. Organic markers suggest ADAF additives as a possible explanation for this increased toxicity. Results indicate that glycol cannot be used as a surrogate for fate and transport of other ADAF components. C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53718 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Gen Mitchell Int Airport, Milwaukee, WI 53207 USA. Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm Studies, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Corsi, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM srcorsi@usgs.gov RI Sheesley, Rebecca/I-6655-2015; OI Sheesley, Rebecca/0000-0002-8187-0571 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 10 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3195 EP 3202 DI 10.1021/es052028m PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 042JZ UT WOS:000237525500015 PM 16749681 ER PT J AU Anders, R Chrysikopoulos, CV AF Anders, R Chrysikopoulos, CV TI Evaluation of the factors controlling the time-dependent inactivation rate coefficients of bacteriophage MS2 and PRD1 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL VIRUS TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; THERMAL INACTIVATION; ANALYTICAL-MODELS; ADSORPTION; GROUNDWATER; SURVIVAL; WATER; SURFACES; LAMBDA AB Static and dynamic batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of temperature and the presence of sand on the inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 and PRD1. The experimental data suggested that the inactivation process can be satisfactorily represented by a pseudo-first-order expression with time-dependent rate coefficients. The time-dependent rate coefficients were used to determine pertinent thermodynamic properties required for the analysis of the molecular processes involved in the inactivation of each bacteriophage. A combination of high temperature and the presence of sand appears to produce the greatest disruption to the surrounding protein coat of MS2. However, the lower activation energies for PRD1 indicate a weaker dependence of the inactivation rate on temperature. Instead, the presence of air-liquid and airsolid interfaces appears to produce the greatest damage to specific viral components that are related to infection. These results indicate the importance of using thermodynamic parameters based on the time-dependent inactivation model to better predict the inactivation of viruses in groundwater. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. Univ Patras, Dept Civil Engn, Patras 26500, Greece. RP Anders, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM randers@usgs.gov RI Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos/F-1783-2013 OI Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos/0000-0003-4722-8697 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3237 EP 3242 DI 10.1021/es051604b PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 042JZ UT WOS:000237525500021 PM 16749687 ER PT J AU Barber, LB Keefe, SH Antweiler, RC Taylor, HE Wass, RD AF Barber, LB Keefe, SH Antweiler, RC Taylor, HE Wass, RD TI Response to comment on "Accumulation of contaminants in fish from wastewater treatment wetlands" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Wass Gerke & Assoc, Phoenix, AZ 85014 USA. RP Barber, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3438 EP 3439 DI 10.1021/es068003k PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 042JZ UT WOS:000237525500053 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD Bradshaw, D AF McCormick, SD Bradshaw, D TI Hormonal control of salt and water balance in vertebrates SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hormonal Control of Salt and Water Balance in Vertebrates held at the 15th International Congress on Comparative Endocrinology CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Boston, MA DE osmoregulation; vertebrates; ion transport; AVP; AVT; ANP; angiotensin; aldosterone; cortisol; growth hormone; prolactin; IGF-I ID ARGININE VASOTOCIN; FRESH-WATER; NA+/K+-ATPASE; TELEOST FISH; RECTAL GLAND; KIDNEY; CELLS; PHYSIOLOGY; SECRETION; SALINITY AB The endocrine system mediates many of the physiological responses to the homeostatic and acclimation demands of salt and water transport. Many of the hormones involved in the control of salt and water transport are common to all vertebrates, although their precise function and target tissues have changed during evolution. Arginine vasopressin (vasotocin), angiotensin II, natriuretic peptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide, urotensin II, insulin and non-genomic actions of corticosteroids are involved in acute (minutes and hours) alterations in ion and water transport. This rapid alteration in transport is primarily the result changes in behavior, blood flow to osmoregulatory organs, and membrane insertion or activation (e.g., phospborylation) of existing transport proteins, ion and water channels, contransporters and pumps. Corticosteroids (through genomic actions), prolactin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor I primarily control long-term (several hours to days) changes in transport capacity that are the result of synthesis of new transport proteins, cell proliferation, and differentiation. In addition to the important task of establishing broad evolutionary patterns in hormones involved in ion regulation, comparative endocrinology can determine species and population level differences in signaling pathways that may be critical for adaptation to extreme or rapidly changing environments. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Organism & Evolut Biol Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu RI chen, xuanlan/H-4158-2011 NR 25 TC 104 Z9 115 U1 5 U2 46 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 147 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.12.009 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 046LU UT WOS:000237813900002 PM 16457828 ER PT J AU Sakamoto, T McCormick, SD AF Sakamoto, T McCormick, SD TI Prolactin and growth hormone in fish osmoregulation SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hormonal Control of Salt and Water Balance in Vertebrates held at the 15th International Congress on Comparative Endocrinology CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Boston, MA DE prolactin; growth hormone; fish; osmoregulation ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; ACID-BASE REGULATION; CFTR ANION CHANNEL; RAINBOW-TROUT; FACTOR-I; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHLORIDE CELLS AB Prolactin is an important regulator of multiple biological functions in vertebrates, and has been viewed as essential to ion uptake as well as reduction in ion and water permeability of osmoregulatory surfaces in freshwater and euryhaline fish. Prolactin-releasing peptide seems to stimulate prolactin expression in the pituitary and peripheral organs during freshwater adaptation. Growth hormone, a member of the same family of hormones as prolactin, promotes acclimation to seawater in several teleost fish, at least in part through the action of insulin-like growth factor I. In branchial epithelia, development and differentiation of the seawater-type chloride cell (and their underlying biochemistry) is regulated by GH, IGF-I, and cortisol, whereas the freshwater-type chloride cell is regulated by prolactin and cortisol. In the epithelia of gastrointestinal tract, prolactin induces cell proliferation during freshwater adaptation, whereas cortisol stimulates both cell proliferation and apoptosis. We propose that control of salinity acclimation in teleosts by prolactin and growth hormone primarily involves regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation (the latter including upregulation of specific ion transporters), and that there is an important interaction of these hormones with corticosteroids. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Okayama Univ, Fac Sci, Ushimado Marine Lab, Okayama 7008530, Japan. USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP Sakamoto, T (reprint author), Okayama Univ, Fac Sci, Ushimado Marine Lab, Okayama 7008530, Japan. EM ryu@uml.okayama-u.ac.jp NR 67 TC 163 Z9 179 U1 5 U2 44 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 147 IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.10.008 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 046LU UT WOS:000237813900005 PM 16406056 ER PT J AU Planer-Friedrich, B Lehr, C Matschullat, J Merkel, BJ Nordstrom, DK Sandstrom, MW AF Planer-Friedrich, B Lehr, C Matschullat, J Merkel, BJ Nordstrom, DK Sandstrom, MW TI Speciation of volatile arsenic at geothermal features in Yellowstone National Park SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; HYDRIDE GENERATION; GC-MS; TRIMETHYLARSINE; ANTIMONY; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSPORT AB Geothermal features in the Yellowstone National Park contain up to several milligram per liter of aqueous arsenic. Part of this arsenic is volatilized and released into the atmosphere. Total volatile arsenic concentrations of 0.5-200 mg/m(3) at the surface of the hot springs were found to exceed the previously assumed nanogram per cubic meter range of background concentrations by orders of magnitude. Speciation of the volatile arsenic was performed using solid-phase micro-extraction fibers with analysis by GC-MS. The arsenic species most frequently identified in the samples is (CH3)(2)AsCl, followed by (CH3)(3)As, (CH3)(2)AsSCH3, and CH(3)ASCl(2) in decreasing order of frequency. This report contains the first documented occurrence of chloro- and thioarsines in a natural environment. Toxicity, mobility, and degradation products are unknown. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ, Bergakad Freiberg, D-09599 Freiburg, Germany. Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Tech Univ Freiburg, Bergakad Freiberg, Dept Mineral, D-09599 Freiburg, Germany. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Planer-Friedrich, B (reprint author), Tech Univ, Bergakad Freiberg, D-09599 Freiburg, Germany. EM b.planer-friedrich@geo.tu-freiberg.de RI Planer-Friedrich, Britta/J-1548-2012; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; OI Planer-Friedrich, Britta/0000-0002-0656-4283; Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675 NR 49 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 10 BP 2480 EP 2491 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.02.019 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 044QN UT WOS:000237687400004 ER PT J AU Arai, Y McBeath, M Bargar, JR Joye, J Davis, JA AF Arai, Y McBeath, M Bargar, JR Joye, J Davis, JA TI Uranyl adsorption and surface speciation at the imogolite-water interface: Self-consistent spectroscopic and surface complexation models SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; URANIUM SORPTION DATA; X-RAY; SYNTHETIC ALLOPHANE; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; U(VI) SORPTION; MONTMORILLONITE; OXIDES; EXAFS AB Macro- and molecular-scale knowledge of uranyl (U(VI)) partitioning reactions with soil/sediment mineral components is important in predicting U(VI) transport processes in the vadose zone and aquifers. In this study, U(VI) reactivity and surface speciation on a poorly crystalline aluminosilicate mineral, synthetic imogolite, were investigated using batch adsorption experiments, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and surface complexation modeling. U(VI) uptake on imogolite surfaces was greatest at pH similar to 7-8 (I = 0.1 M NaNO3 solution, suspension density = 0.4 g/L [U(VI)](i) = 0.01-30 M, equilibration with air). Uranyl uptake decreased with increasing sodium nitrate concentration in the range from 0.02 to 0.5 M. XAS analyses show that two U(VI) inner-sphere (bidentate mononuclear coordination on outer-wall aluminol groups) and one outer-sphere surface species are present on the imogolite surface, and the distribution of the surface species is pH dependent. At pH 8.8, bis-carbonato inner-sphere and tris-carbonato outer-sphere surface species are present. At pH 7, bis- and non-carbonato inner-sphere surface species co-exist, and the fraction of bis-carbonato species increases slightly with increasing 1 (0.1-0.5 M). At pH 5.3, U(VI) non-carbonato bidentate mononuclear surface species predominate (69%). A triple layer surface complexation model was developed with surface species that are consistent with the XAS analyses and macroscopic adsorption data. The proton stoichiometry of surface reactions was determined from both the pH dependence of U(VI) adsorption data in pH regions of surface species predominance and from bond-valence calculations. The bis-carbonato species required a distribution of surface charge between the surface and beta charge planes in order to be consistent with both the spectroscopic and macroscopic adsorption data. This research indicates that U(VI)-carbonato ternary species on poorly crystalline aluminosilicate mineral surfaces may be important in controlling U(VI) mobility in low-temperature geochemical environments over a wide pH range (similar to 5-9), even at the partial pressure of carbon dioxide of ambient air (P-CO2 = 10-(3.45) atm). (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94307 USA. RP Arai, Y (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM yarai@usgs.gov NR 79 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 10 BP 2492 EP 2509 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.02.013 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 044QN UT WOS:000237687400005 ER PT J AU Barringer, JL Szabo, Z Schneider, D Atkinson, WD Gallagher, RA AF Barringer, JL Szabo, Z Schneider, D Atkinson, WD Gallagher, RA TI Mercury in ground water, septage, leach-field effluent, and soils in residential areas, New Jersey coastal plain SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE mercury (Hg); ground water; septage; leach-field effluent; chloride (Cl); dissolved organic carbon (DOC); iron (Fe); nitrate (NO3); sodium (Na) ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; TANGENTIAL-FLOW ULTRAFILTRATION; SEPTIC-SYSTEM PLUME; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; METHYL MERCURY; TRACE-METAL; BINDING; BIOAVAILABILITY; METHYLMERCURY AB Water samples were collected from domestic wells at an unsewered residential area in Gloucester County, New Jersey where mercury (Hg) concentrations in well water were known to exceed the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 2000 ng/L. This residential area (the CSL site) is representative of more than 70 such areas in southern New Jersey where about 600 domestic wells, sampled previously by State and county agencies, yielded water containing Hg at concentrations that exceed the MCL. Recent studies indicate that background concentrations of Hg in water from this unconfined sand and gravel aquifer system are < 10 ng/L. Additional sampling was conducted at the CSL site in order to better understand sources of Hg and potential Hg transport mechanisms in the areas with Hg-contaminated ground water. At the CSL site, concentrations of Hg were substantially lower (although still exceeding the MCL in some cases) in filtered water samples than in the unfiltered water samples collected previously from the same wells. Surfactants and elevated concentrations of sodium, chloride, nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate in water from domestic and observation wells indicated septic-system effects on water quality; detections of sulfide indicated localized reducing conditions. Hg concentrations in septage and leach-field effluent sampled at several other households in the region were low relative to the contaminant-level Hg concentrations in water from domestic wells. Relations of Hg concentrations in leach-field effluent to iron concentrations indicate that reductive dissolution of iron hydroxides in soils may release Hg to the percolating effluent. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. Cloucester Cty Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Turnersville, NJ 08012 USA. New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Barringer, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM jbarring@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 361 IS 1-3 BP 144 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.05.037 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051EA UT WOS:000238142500015 PM 15996719 ER PT J AU Euliss, NH Gleason, RA Olness, A McDougal, RL Murkin, HR Robarts, RD Bourbonniere, RA Warner, BG AF Euliss, NH Gleason, RA Olness, A McDougal, RL Murkin, HR Robarts, RD Bourbonniere, RA Warner, BG TI North American prairie wetlands are important nonforested land-based carbon storage sites SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; wetlands; prairie pothole region; global climate change ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOIL EMISSIONS; ORGANIC-CARBON; SINK AB We evaluated the potential of prairie wetlands in North America as carbon sinks. Agricultural conversion has resulted in the average loss of 10.1 Mg ha(-1) of soil organic carbon on over 16 million ha of wetlands in this region. Wetland restoration has potential to sequester 378 Tg of organic carbon over a 10-year period. Wetlands can sequester over twice the organic carbon as no-till cropland on only about 17% of the total land area in the region. We estimate that wetland restoration has potential to offset 2.4% of the annual fossil CO2 emission reported for North America in 1990. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Ducks Unlimited Canada, Inst Wetland & Waterfowl Res, Oak Hammock, MB R0C 2Z0, Canada. Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Univ Waterloo, Wetlands Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Euliss, NH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM Ned_Euliss@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 5 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 361 IS 1-3 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.06.007 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051EA UT WOS:000238142500017 PM 16129474 ER PT J AU Karthikeyan, KG Meyer, MT AF Karthikeyan, KG Meyer, MT TI Occurrence of antibiotics in wastewater treatment facilities in Wisconsin, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE antibiotics; wastewater; influent; effluent; tetracyclines; sulfonamides; fluoroquinolones; macrolides; trimethoprim ID TREATMENT PLANTS; CONTAMINANTS; GROUNDWATER; RESISTANCE; FATE; PHARMACEUTICALS; ANTIMICROBIALS; CAMPYLOBACTER; SPECTROMETRY; PERSISTENCE AB Samples from several wastewater treatment facilities in Wisconsin were screened for the presence of 21 antibiotic compounds. These facilities spanned a range of community size served (average daily flow from 0.0212 to 23.6 million gallons/day), secondary treatment processes, geographic locations across the state, and they discharged the treated effluents to both surface and ground waters (for ground water after a soil passage). A total of six antibiotic compounds were detected (1-5 compounds per site), including two sulfonamides (sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole), one tetracycline (tetracycline), fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin), macrolide (erythromycin-H2O) and trimethoprim. The frequency of detection of antibiotics was in the following order: tetracycline and trimethoprim (80%)> sulfamethoxazole (70%)> erythromycin-H2O (45%)> ciprofloxacin (40%) > sulfamethazine (10%). However, the soluble concentrations were in the parts-per-billion (ppb) range (<= 1.3 mu g/L), and importantly were unaffected by the size of the wastewater treatment facility. The concentrations detected were within an order of magnitude of those reported for similar systems in Europe and Canada: they were within a factor of two in comparison to those reported for Canada but generally lower relative to those measured in wastewater systems in Europe. Only sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline were detected in groundwater monitoring wells adjacent to the treatment systems. Future intensive wastewater monitoring programs in Wisconsin may be limited to the six antibiotic compounds detected in this study. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Karthikeyan, KG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kkarthikeyan@wisc.edu; mmeyer@usgs.gov OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 26 TC 315 Z9 362 U1 30 U2 178 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2006 VL 361 IS 1-3 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.06.030 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051EA UT WOS:000238142500019 PM 16091289 ER PT J AU Woodhouse, CA Gray, ST Meko, DM AF Woodhouse, CA Gray, ST Meko, DM TI Updated streamflow reconstructions for the Upper Colorado River Basin SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SEVERE SUSTAINED DROUGHT; NORTH-AMERICA; WATER-RESOURCES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TIME-SERIES; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; REGRESSION; OCEAN AB Updated proxy reconstructions of water year (October-September) streamflow for four key gauges in the Upper Colorado River Basin were generated using an expanded tree ring network and longer calibration records than in previous efforts. Reconstructed gauges include the Green River at Green River, Utah; Colorado near Cisco, Utah; San Juan near Bluff, Utah; and Colorado at Lees Ferry, Arizona. The reconstructions explain 72-81% of the variance in the gauge records, and results are robust across several reconstruction approaches. Time series plots as well as results of cross-spectral analysis indicate strong spatial coherence in runoff variations across the subbasins. The Lees Ferry reconstruction suggests a higher long-term mean than previous reconstructions but strongly supports earlier findings that Colorado River allocations were based on one of the wettest periods in the past 5 centuries and that droughts more severe than any 20th to 21st century event occurred in the past. C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Woodhouse, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 325 Broadway,E-CC 23, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM connie.woodhouse@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 152 Z9 152 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 11 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 5 AR W05415 DI 10.1029/2005WR004455 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 046HY UT WOS:000237803400002 ER PT J AU Stetson, SJ Wanty, RB Helsel, DR Kalkhoff, SJ Macalady, DL AF Stetson, SJ Wanty, RB Helsel, DR Kalkhoff, SJ Macalady, DL TI Stability of low levels of perchlorate in drinking water and natural water samples SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; sample storage; ion chromatography; ground water; surface water; holding time ID DEGRADATION; REDUCTION AB Perchlorate ion (ClO4-) is an environmental contaminant of growing concern due to its potential human health effects, impact on aquatic and land animals, and widespread occurrence throughout the United States. The determination of perchlorate cannot normally be carried out in the field. As such, water samples for perchlorate analysis are often shipped to a central laboratory, where they may be stored for a significant period before analysis. The stability of perchlorate ion in various types of commonly encountered water samples has not been generally examined-the effect of such storage is thus not known. In the present study, the long-term stability of perchlorate ion in deionized water, tap water, ground water, and surface water was examined. Sample sets containing approximately 1000, 100, 1.0, and 0.5 mu g l(-1) perchlorate ion in deionized water and also in local tap water were formulated. These samples were analyzed by ion chromatography for perchlorate ion concentration against freshly prepared standards every 24 h for the first 7 days, biweekly for the next 4 weeks, and periodically after that for a total of 400 or 610 days for the two lowest concentrations and a total of 428 or 638 days for the high concentrations. Ground and surface water samples containing perchlorate were collected, held and analyzed for perchlorate concentration periodically over at least 360 days. All samples except for the surface water samples were found to be stable for the duration of the study, allowing for holding times of at least 300 days for ground water samples and at least 90 days for surface water samples. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. RP Stetson, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM sstetson@usgs.gov OI Kalkhoff, Stephen/0000-0003-4110-1716; Stetson, Sarah/0000-0002-4930-4748 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAY 10 PY 2006 VL 567 IS 1 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.030 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 046UO UT WOS:000237836800016 PM 17723386 ER PT J AU Bohlke, JK Smith, RL Miller, DN AF Bohlke, JK Smith, RL Miller, DN TI Ammonium transport and reaction in contaminated groundwater: Application of isotope tracers and isotope fractionation studies SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LANDFILL LEACHATE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; GRAVEL AQUIFER; N-2 PRODUCTION; CAPE-COD; NITROGEN; WATER; NITRATE; SAND; DENITRIFICATION AB Ammonium (NH4+) is a major constituent of many contaminated groundwaters, but its movement through aquifers is complex and poorly documented. In this study, processes affecting NH4+ movement in a treated wastewater plume were studied by a combination of techniques including large-scale monitoring of NH4+ distribution; isotopic analyses of coexisting aqueous NH4+, NO3-, N-2, and sorbed NH4+; and in situ natural gradient (NH4+)-N-15 tracer tests with numerical simulations of (NH4+)-N-15, (NO3-)-N-15, and N-15(2) breakthrough data. Combined results indicate that the main mass of NH4+ was moving downgradient at a rate about 0.25 times the groundwater velocity. Retardation factors and groundwater ages indicate that much of the NH4+ in the plume was recharged early in the history of the wastewater disposal. NO3- and excess N-2 gas, which were related to each other by denitrification near the plume source, were moving downgradient more rapidly and were largely unrelated to coexisting NH4+. The delta N-15 data indicate areas of the plume affected by nitrification (substantial isotope fractionation) and sorption (no isotope fractionation). There was no conclusive evidence for NH4+-consuming reactions (nitrification or anammox) in the anoxic core of the plume. Nitrification occurred along the upper boundary of the plume but was limited by a low rate of transverse dispersive mixing of wastewater NH4+ and O-2 from overlying uncontaminated groundwater. Without induced vertical mixing or displacement of plume water with oxic groundwater from upgradient sources, the main mass of NH4+ could reach a discharge area without substantial reaction long after the more mobile wastewater constituents are gone. Multiple approaches including in situ isotopic tracers and fractionation studies provided critical information about processes affecting NH4+ movement and speciation. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Bohlke, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jkbohlke@usgs.gov RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125; Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 58 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 44 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 9 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 5 AR W05411 DI 10.1029/2005WR004349 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 046HV UT WOS:000237803100003 ER PT J AU Illangasekare, T Tyler, SW Clement, TP Villholth, KG Perera, APGRL Obeysekera, J Gunatilaka, A Panabokke, CR Hyndman, DW Cunningham, KJ Kaluarachchi, JJ Yeh, WWG van Genuchten, MT Jensen, K AF Illangasekare, T Tyler, SW Clement, TP Villholth, KG Perera, APGRL Obeysekera, J Gunatilaka, A Panabokke, CR Hyndman, DW Cunningham, KJ Kaluarachchi, JJ Yeh, WWG van Genuchten, MT Jensen, K TI Impacts of the 2004 tsunami on groundwater resources in Sri Lanka SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; FLOW AB The 26 December 2004 tsunami caused widespread destruction and contamination of coastal aquifers across southern Asia. Seawater filled domestic open dug wells and also entered the aquifers via direct infiltration during the first flooding waves and later as ponded seawater infiltrated through the permeable sands that are typical of coastal aquifers. In Sri Lanka alone, it is estimated that over 40,000 drinking water wells were either destroyed or contaminated. From February through September 2005, a team of United States, Sri Lankan, and Danish water resource scientists and engineers surveyed the coastal groundwater resources of Sri Lanka to develop an understanding of the impacts of the tsunami and to provide recommendations for the future of coastal water resources in south Asia. In the tsunami-affected areas, seawater was found to have infiltrated and mixed with fresh groundwater lenses as indicated by the elevated groundwater salinity levels. Seawater infiltrated through the shallow vadose zone as well as entered aquifers directly through flooded open wells. Our preliminary transport analysis demonstrates that the intruded seawater has vertically mixed in the aquifers because of both forced and free convection. Widespread pumping of wells to remove seawater was effective in some areas, but overpumping has led to upconing of the saltwater interface and rising salinity. We estimate that groundwater recharge from several monsoon seasons will reduce salinity of many sandy Sri Lankan coastal aquifers. However, the continued sustainability of these small and fragile aquifers for potable water will be difficult because of the rapid growth of human activities that results in more intensive groundwater pumping and increased pollution. Long-term sustainability of coastal aquifers is also impacted by the decrease in sand replenishment of the beaches due to sand mining and erosion. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Ctr Expt Study Subsurface Environm Proc, Golden, CO 80504 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Int Water Management Inst, Colombo 10120, Sri Lanka. Water Resources Board, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka. S Florida Water Management Dist, Hydrol & Environm Syst Modeling Dept, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. Natl Sci Fdn Sri Lanka, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Miami, FL USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Inst Geol, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Illangasekare, T (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Ctr Expt Study Subsurface Environm Proc, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80504 USA. EM tillanga@mines.edu; clement@auburn.edu; jobey@sfwmd.gov; gunat@asianet.lk; hyndman@msu.edu; kcunning@usgs.gov; jkalu@cc.usu.edu; khj@geol.ku.dk RI Kaluarachchi, Jagath/A-6143-2010; Hyndman, David/G-1576-2010; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Jensen, Karsten/E-3469-2015; OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Jensen, Karsten/0000-0003-4020-0050; Cunningham, Kevin/0000-0002-2179-8686 NR 14 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 9 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 5 AR W05201 DI 10.1029/2006WR004876 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 046HV UT WOS:000237803100004 ER PT J AU James, MR Lane, SJ Chouet, BA AF James, MR Lane, SJ Chouet, BA TI Gas slug ascent through changes in conduit diameter: Laboratory insights into a volcano-seismic source process in low-viscosity magmas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID MOUNT EREBUS VOLCANO; SUDDENLY CONSTRICTED TUBES; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; STROMBOLI VOLCANO; TRANSIENT DISPLACEMENT; VERTICAL TUBES; ROSS ISLAND; FLOW; EXPLOSIONS; EXPANSION AB [ 1] Seismic signals generated during the flow and degassing of low-viscosity magmas include long-period ( LP) and very-long-period (VLP) events, whose sources are often attributed to dynamic fluid processes within the conduit. We present the results of laboratory experiments designed to investigate whether the passage of a gas slug through regions of changing conduit diameter could act as a suitable source mechanism. Avertical, liquid-filled glass tube featuring a concentric diameter change was used to provide canonical insights into potentially deep or shallow seismic sources. As gas slugs ascend the tube, we observe systematic pressure changes varying with slug size, liquid depth, tube diameter, and liquid viscosity. Gas slugs undergoing an abrupt flow pattern change upon entering a section of significantly increased tube diameter induce a transient pressure decrease in and above the flare and an associated pressure increase below it, which stimulates acoustic and inertial resonant oscillations. When the liquid flow is not dominantly controlled by viscosity, net vertical forces on the apparatus are also detected. The net force is a function of the magnitude of the pressure transients generated and the tube geometry, which dictates where, and hence when, the traveling pressure pulses can couple into the tube. In contrast to interpretations of related volcano-seismic data, where a single downward force is assumed to result from an upward acceleration of the center of mass in the conduit, our experiments suggest that significant downward forces can result from the rapid deceleration of relatively small volumes of downward-moving liquid. C1 Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP James, MR (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. EM m.james@lancaster.ac.uk RI Lane, Stephen/C-6809-2008; James, Mike/C-6817-2008 OI Lane, Stephen/0000-0001-7330-621X; James, Mike/0000-0002-9177-2588 NR 33 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 6 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B5 AR B05201 DI 10.1029/2005JB003718 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 041IW UT WOS:000237449100002 ER PT J AU Lorenz, RD Wall, S Radebaugh, J Boubin, G Reffet, E Janssen, M Stofan, E Lopes, R Kirk, R Elachi, C Lunine, J Mitchell, K Paganelli, F Soderblom, L Wood, C Wye, L Zebker, H Anderson, Y Ostro, S Allison, M Boehmer, R Callahan, P Encrenaz, P Ori, GG Francescetti, G Gim, Y Hamilton, G Hensley, S Johnson, W Kelleher, K Muhleman, D Picardi, G Posa, F Roth, L Seu, R Shaffer, S Stiles, B Vetrella, S Flamini, E West, R AF Lorenz, RD Wall, S Radebaugh, J Boubin, G Reffet, E Janssen, M Stofan, E Lopes, R Kirk, R Elachi, C Lunine, J Mitchell, K Paganelli, F Soderblom, L Wood, C Wye, L Zebker, H Anderson, Y Ostro, S Allison, M Boehmer, R Callahan, P Encrenaz, P Ori, GG Francescetti, G Gim, Y Hamilton, G Hensley, S Johnson, W Kelleher, K Muhleman, D Picardi, G Posa, F Roth, L Seu, R Shaffer, S Stiles, B Vetrella, S Flamini, E West, R TI The sand seas of Titan: Cassini RADAR observations of longitudinal dunes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; WINDS AB The most recent Cassini RADAR images of Titan show widespread regions ( up to 1500 kilometers by 200 kilometers) of near-parallel radar-dark linear features that appear to be seas of longitudinal dunes similar to those seen in the Namib desert on Earth. The Ku-band (2.17-centimeter wavelength) images show similar to 100-meter ridges consistent with duneforms and reveal flow interactions with underlying hills. The distribution and orientation of the dunes support a model of fluctuating surface winds of similar to 0.5 meter per second resulting from the combination of an eastward flow with a variable tidal wind. The existence of dunes also requires geological processes that create sand-sized (100- to 300-micrometer) particulates and a lack of persistent equatorial surface liquids to act as sand traps. C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Proxemy Res, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Wheeling Jesuit Coll, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ G DAnnunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. Fac Ingn, I-80125 Naples, Italy. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00184 Rome, Italy. Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Interateneo Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. INFM, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, I-00131 Rome, Italy. RP Lorenz, RD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rlorenz@lpl.arizona.edu RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016; OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167; ORI, Gian Gabriele/0000-0002-6460-1476 NR 27 TC 194 Z9 199 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 5 PY 2006 VL 312 IS 5774 BP 724 EP 727 DI 10.1126/science.1123257 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 039NF UT WOS:000237312100044 PM 16675695 ER PT J AU Gaeuman, D Jacobson, RB AF Gaeuman, D Jacobson, RB TI Acoustic bed velocity and bed load dynamics in a large sand bed river SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; ALLUVIAL-CHANNEL; FLOW; GRAVEL; RESISTANCE; DUNES; MODEL AB Development of a practical technology for rapid quantification of bed load transport in large rivers would represent a revolutionary advance for sediment monitoring and the investigation of fluvial dynamics. Measurement of bed load motion with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) has emerged as a promising approach for evaluating bed load transport. However, a better understanding of how ADCP data relate to conditions near the stream bed is necessary to make the method practical for quantitative applications. In this paper, we discuss the response of ADCP bed velocity measurements, defined as the near-bed sediment velocity detected by the instrument's bottom-tracking feature, to changing sediment-transporting conditions in the lower Missouri River. Bed velocity represents a weighted average of backscatter from moving bed load particles and spectral reflections from the immobile bed. The ratio of bed velocity to mean bed load particle velocity depends on the concentration of the particles moving in the bed load layer, the bed load layer thickness, and the backscatter strength from a unit area of moving particles relative to the echo strength from a unit area of unobstructed bed. A model based on existing bed load transport theory predicted measured bed velocities from hydraulic and grain size measurements with reasonable success. Bed velocities become more variable and increase more rapidly with shear stress when the transport stage, defined as the ratio of skin friction to the critical shear stress for particle entrainment, exceeds a threshold of about 17. This transition in bed velocity response appears to be associated with the appearance of longer, flatter bed forms at high transport stages. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Gaeuman, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dgaeuman@mp.usbr.gov; rjacobson@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAY 4 PY 2006 VL 111 IS F2 AR F02005 DI 10.1029/2005JF000411 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 041IL UT WOS:000237448000001 ER PT J AU Wanless, VD Garcia, MO Trusdell, FA Rhodes, JM Norman, MD Weis, D Fornari, DJ Kurz, MD Guillou, H AF Wanless, VD Garcia, MO Trusdell, FA Rhodes, JM Norman, MD Weis, D Fornari, DJ Kurz, MD Guillou, H TI Submarine radial vents on Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawai'i SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Hawaii; Mauna Loa; submarine volcanism; radial vents; bathymetry; igneous petrology; geochemistry : major and trace element geochemistry; marine geology and geophysics : seafloor morphology, geology, and geophysics; volcanology : subaqueous volcanism; geochemistry : radiogenic isotope geochemistry; marine geology and geophysics : submarine tectonics and volcanism ID SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; PB ISOTOPE EVOLUTION; EASTER-ISLAND; RIFT-ZONE; GROWTH; LAVAS; SEAMOUNTS; GLASSES; GEOCHEMISTRY; SUBSTRUCTURE AB [ 1] A 2002 multibeam sonar survey of Mauna Loa's western flank revealed ten submarine radial vents and three submarine lava flows. Only one submarine radial vent was known previously. The ages of these vents are constrained by eyewitness accounts, geologic relationships, Mn-Fe coatings, and geochemical stratigraphy; they range from 128 years B. P. to possibly 47 ka. Eight of the radial vents produced degassed lavas despite eruption in water depths sufficient to inhibit sulfur degassing. These vents formed truncated cones and short lava flows. Two vents produced undegassed lavas that created "irregular'' cones and longer lava flows. Compositionally and isotopically, the submarine radial vent lavas are typical of Mauna Loa lavas, except two cones that erupted alkalic lavas. He-Sr isotopes for the radial vent lavas follow Mauna Loa's evolutionary trend. The compositional and isotopic heterogeneity of these lavas indicates most had distinct parental magmas. Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter results, along with photography and sampling during four JASON2 dives, are used to produce a detailed geologic map to evaluate Mauna Loa's submarine geologic history. The new map shows that the 1877 submarine eruption was much larger than previously thought, resulting in a 10% increase for recent volcanism. Furthermore, although alkalic lavas were found at two radial vents, there is no systematic increase in alkalinity among these or other Mauna Loa lavas as expected for a dying volcano. These results refute an interpretation that Mauna Loa's volcanism is waning. The submarine radial vents and flows cover 29 km(2) of seafloor and comprise a total volume of similar to 2 x 10(9) m(3) of lava, reinforcing the idea that submarine lava eruptions are important in the growth of oceanic island volcanoes even after they emerged above sea level. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm Domaine, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Wanless, VD (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM vdorseyw@yahoo.com RI Weis, Dominique/Q-7658-2016; OI Weis, Dominique/0000-0002-6638-5543; Kurz, Mark/0000-0003-1745-2356 NR 79 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAY 2 PY 2006 VL 7 AR Q05001 DI 10.1029/2005GC001086 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 041HO UT WOS:000237445600001 ER PT J AU Cooley, RL Christensen, S AF Cooley, RL Christensen, S TI Bias and uncertainty in regression-calibrated models of groundwater flow in heterogeneous media SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE bias; uncertainty; regression; heterogeneous media; groundwater model; confidence interval; prediction interval; nonlinearity; correction factor ID STEADY-STATE FLOW; SIMULATED TRANSMISSIVITY FIELDS; SPATIALLY-VARIABLE RECHARGE; PILOT POINT METHODOLOGY; NONLINEAR-REGRESSION; AUTOMATED CALIBRATION; PREDICTION INTERVALS; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; LOCALIZED ANALYSES; INVERSE PROBLEM AB Groundwater models need to account for detailed but generally unknown spatial variability (heterogeneity) of the hydrogeologic model inputs. To address this problem we replace the large, m-dimensional stochastic vector beta that reflects both small and large scales of heterogeneity in the inputs by a lumped or smoothed m-dimensional approximation gamma theta(*), where gamma is an interpolation matrix and theta(*) is a stochastic vector of parameters. Vector theta(*) has small enough dimension to allow its estimation with the available data. The consequence of the replacement is that model function f(gamma theta(8)) written in terms of the approximate inputs is in error with respect to the same model function written in terms of beta, f(beta), which is assumed to be nearly exact. The difference f(beta) - f(gamma theta(*)), termed model error, is spatially correlated, generates prediction biases, and causes standard confidence and prediction intervals to be too small. Model error is accounted for in the weighted nonlinear regression methodology developed to estimate theta(*) and assess model uncertainties by incorporating the second-moment matrix of the model errors into the weight matrix. Techniques developed by statisticians to analyze classical nonlinear regression methods are extended to analyze the revised method. The analysts develops analytical expressions for bias terms reflecting the interaction of model nonlinearity and model error, for correction factors needed to adjust the sizes of confidence and prediction intervals for this interaction, and for correction factors needed to adjust the sizes of confidence and prediction intervals for possible use of a diagonal weight matrix in place of the correct one. If terms expressing the degree of intrinsic nonlinearity for f(beta) and f(gamma theta(*)) are small, then most of the biases are small and the correction factors are reduced in magnitude. Biases, correction factors, and confidence and prediction intervals were obtained for a test problem for which model error is large to test robustness of the methodology. Numerical results conform with the theoretical analysis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Aarhus Univ, Dept Earth Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Christensen, S (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ny Munkegade Bldg 520, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. EM sandrcooley@earthlink.net; sc@geo.au.dk RI Christensen, Steen/A-2016-2012 OI Christensen, Steen/0000-0002-9251-2315 NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 29 IS 5 BP 639 EP 656 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.07.012 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 030LR UT WOS:000236636600001 ER PT J AU Brett, R AF Brett, R TI Acceptance of the Distinguished Public Service Medal for 2005 SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Brett, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 91 IS 5-6 BP 975 EP 975 DI 10.2138/am.2006.462 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 046LQ UT WOS:000237813500035 ER PT J AU Cordova-Kreylos, AL Cao, YP Green, PG Hwang, HM Kuivila, KM LaMontagne, MG Van De Werfhorst, LC Holden, PA Scow, KM AF Cordova-Kreylos, AL Cao, YP Green, PG Hwang, HM Kuivila, KM LaMontagne, MG Van De Werfhorst, LC Holden, PA Scow, KM TI Diversity, composition, and geographical distribution of microbial communities in california salt marsh Sediments SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; LIPID PHOSPHATE; WATER-QUALITY; HEAVY-METALS; SOIL; BACTERIA; BIOMASS; CARBON; CONTAMINATION AB The Pacific Estuarine Ecosystem Indicators Research Consortium seeks to develop bioindicators of toxicant-induced stress and bioavailability for wetland biota. Within this framework, the effects of environmental and pollutant variables on microbial communities were studied at different spatial scales over a 2-year period. Six salt marshes along the California coastline were characterized using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis. Additionally, 27 metals, six currently used pesticides, total polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlordanes, nonachlors, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene were analyzed. Sampling was performed over large (between salt marshes), medium (stations within a marsh), and small (different channel depths) spatial scales. Regression and ordination analysis suggested that the spatial variation in microbial communities exceeded the variation attributable to pollutants. PLFA analysis and TRFLP canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) explained 74 and 43% of the variation, respectively, and both methods attributed 34% of the variation to tidal cycles, marsh, year, and latitude. After accounting for spatial variation using partial CCA, we found that metals had a greater effect on microbial community composition than organic pollutants had. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were positively correlated with PLFA biomass, whereas total metal concentrations were positively correlated with biomass and diversity. Higher concentrations of heavy metals were negatively correlated with branched PLFAs and positively correlated with methyl- and cyclo-substituted PLFAs. The strong relationships observed between pollutant concentrations and some of the microbial indicators indicated the potential for using microbial community analyses in assessments of the ecosystem health of salt marshes. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept LAWR, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ Sacramento, US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Cordova-Kreylos, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept LAWR, 1110 PES Bldg,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM anacordova@ucdavis.edu RI Guan, Xiaokang/A-6675-2012 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5P42 ES 04699, P42 ES004699] NR 50 TC 68 Z9 78 U1 7 U2 46 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 72 IS 5 BP 3357 EP 3366 DI 10.1128/AEM.72.5.3357-3366.2006 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 041XV UT WOS:000237491200034 PM 16672478 ER PT J AU Watten, BJ Sibrell, PL AF Watten, BJ Sibrell, PL TI Comparative performance of fixed-film biological filters: Application of reactor theory SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Design and Selection of Biological Filters for Freshwater and Marine Applications CY NOV 08-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res DE modeling; nitrification; aquaculture; reactor theory; performance ID SUBSTRATE C/N RATIO; RECIRCULATING SYSTEM; TRICKLING FILTERS; WATER; NITRIFICATION; CULTURE; BIOFILMS; KINETICS; DESIGN AB Nitrification is classified as a two-step consecutive reaction where R, represents the rate of formation of the intermediate product NO(2)-N and R(2) represents the rate of formation of the final product NO(3)-N. The relative rates of R, and R2 are influenced by reactor type characterized hydraulically as plug-flow, plug-flow with dispersion and mixed-flow. We develop substrate conversion models for fixed-film biofilters operating in the first-order kinetic regime based on application of chemical reactor theory. Reactor type, inlet conditions and the biofilm kinetic constants K(i) (h(-1)) are used to predict changes in NH(4)-N, NO(2)-N, NO(3)-N and BOD(5). The inhibiting effects of the latter on R(1) and R(2) were established based on the y relation, e.g.: gamma =K(i)/K(i,max) = (1- [BOD(5)] / [BOD(5max)])(N) where BOD(5,max) is the concentration that causes nitrification to cease and N is a variable relating K(i) to increasing BOD(5). Conversion models were incorporated in spreadsheet programs that provided steady-state concentrations of nitrogen and BOD(5) at several points in a recirculating aquaculture system operating with input values for fish feed rate, reactor volume, microscreen performance, make-up and recirculating flow rates. When rate constants are standardized, spreadsheet use demonstrates plug-flow reactors provide higher rates of R(1) and R(2) than mixed-flow reactors thereby reducing volume requirements for target concentrations of NH(4)-N and NO(2)-N. The benefit provided by the plug-flow reactor varies with hydraulic residence time t as well as the effective vessel dispersion number, D/mu L. Both reactor types are capable of providing net increases in NO(2)-N during treatment but the rate of decrease in the mixed-flow case falls well behind that predicted for plug-flow operation. We show the potential for a positive net change in N02-N increases with decreases in the dimensionless ratios K(2),((R2))/K(1(R1)) and [NO(2)-N]/[NH(4)-N] and when the product K(1,(R1))t provides low to moderate NH(4)-N conversions. Maintaining high levels of the latter reduces the effective reactor utilization rate (%) defined here as (RN(avg)/ RN(max))100 where RN(avg) is the mean reactive nitrogen concentration ([NH(4)-N] + [NO(2)-N]) within the reactor, and RN(max) represents the feed concentration of the same. Low utilization rates provide a hedge against unexpected increases in substrate loading and reduce water pumping requirements but force use of elevated reactor volumes. Further gamma effects on R(1) and R(2) can be reduced through use of a tanks-in-series versus a single mixed-flow reactor configuration and by improving the solids removal efficiency of microscreen treatment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 United States Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Watten, BJ (reprint author), United States Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM barnaby_watten@usgs.gov; philip_sibrell@usgs.gov OI Sibrell, Philip/0000-0001-5666-1228 NR 55 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 198 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.03.006 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 038NX UT WOS:000237230600007 ER PT J AU Farag, AM Harper, DD Cleveland, L Brumbaugh, WG Little, EE AF Farag, AM Harper, DD Cleveland, L Brumbaugh, WG Little, EE TI The potential for chromium to affect the fertilization process of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, Washington, USA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; MOTILITY AB The Hanford Nuclear Reservation in south central Washington was claimed by the federal government as a site for the production of plutonium. During the course of production and operation of the facilities at Hanford, radionuclides and chromium were discharged directly into the river and also contaminated the groundwater. This study was designed to assess the effects of chromium (Cr) on Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fertilization under exposure conditions similar to those of the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River. Chinook salmon gametes were exposed to aqueous Cr concentrations ranging from 0 to 266 mu g Cr l(-1). The current ambient water-quality criteria (AWQC) established for the protection of aquatic life (United States Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA] 1986) is 11 mu g Cr l(-1). Cr has been measured in pore water from bottom sediments of the Columbia River at concentrations > 600 mu g Cr l(-1). Under exposure conditions designed to closely mimic events that occur in the river, the fertilization of Chinook salmon eggs was not affected by concentrations of Cr ranging from 11 to 266 mu g Cr l(-1). Data suggest that the instantaneous nature of fertilization likely limits the potential effects of Cr on fertilization success. As a result, the current AWQC of 11 mu g Cr l(-1) is most likely protective of Chinook salmon fertilization. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Res Stn, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Farag, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Res Stn, POB 1089, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. EM aida_farag@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 50 IS 4 BP 575 EP 579 DI 10.1007/s00244-005-0010-2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 030GY UT WOS:000236623700014 PM 16453067 ER PT J AU Dyurgerov, M McCabe, GJ AF Dyurgerov, Mark McCabe, Gregory J. TI Associations between accelerated glacier mass wastage and increased summer temperature in coastal regions SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; BREAK-UP; BALANCE; CANADA; AREAL; CAP AB Low-elevation glaciers in coastal regions of Alaska, the Canadian Arctic, individual ice caps around the Greenland ice sheet, and the Patagonia Ice Fields have an aggregate glacier area of about 332 X 10(3) km(2) and account for approximately 42% of all the glacier area outside the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. They have shown volume loss, especially since the end of the 1980s, increasing from about 45% in the 1960s to nearly 67% in 2003 of the total wastage from all glaciers on Earth outside those two largest ice sheets. Thus, a disproportionally large contribution of coastal glacier ablation to sea level rise is evident. We examine cumulative standardized departures (1961-2000 reference period) of glacier mass balances and air temperature data in these four coastal regions. Analyses indicate a strong association between increases in glacier volume losses and summer air temperature at regional and global scales. Increases in glacier volume losses in the coastal regions also coincide with an accelerated rate of ice discharge from outlet glaciers draining the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets. These processes imply further increases in sea level rise. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Dyurgerov, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mark.dyurgerov@colorado.edu NR 49 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 190 EP 197 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[190:ABAGMW]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 046LW UT WOS:000237814100005 ER PT J AU Fernandez, DP Neff, JC Belnap, J Reynolds, RL AF Fernandez, DP Neff, JC Belnap, J Reynolds, RL TI Soil respiration in the cold desert environment of the Colorado Plateau (USA): Abiotic regulators and thresholds SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cold desert; regression tree; soil carbon; soil respiration ID TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; CO2 EFFLUX; CARBON; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; MODEL; PRECIPITATION AB Decomposition is central to understanding ecosystem carbon exchange and nutrient-release processes. Unlike mesic ecosystems, which have been extensively studied, xeric landscapes have received little attention; as a result, abiotic soil-respiration regulatory processes are poorly understood in xeric environments. To provide a more complete and quantitative understanding about how abiotic factors influence soil respiration in xeric ecosystems, we conducted soil- respiration and decomposition-cloth measurements in the cold desert of southeast Utah. Our study evaluated when and to what extent soil texture, moisture, temperature, organic carbon, and nitrogen influence soil respiration and examined whether the inverse-texture hypothesis applies to decomposition. Within our study site, the effect of texture on moisture, as described by the inverse texture hypothesis, was evident, but its effect on decomposition was not. Our results show temperature and moisture to be the dominant abiotic controls of soil respiration. Specifically, temporal offsets in temperature and moisture conditions appear to have a strong control on soil respiration, with the highest fluxes occurring in spring when temperature and moisture were favorable. These temporal offsets resulted in decomposition rates that were controlled by soil moisture and temperature thresholds. The highest fluxes of CO2 occurred when soil temperature was between 10 and 16 degrees C and volumetric soil moisture was greater than 10%. Decomposition-cloth results, which integrate decomposition processes across several months, support the soil-respiration results and further illustrate the seasonal patterns of high respiration rates during spring and low rates during summer and fall. Results from this study suggest that the parameters used to predict soil respiration in mesic ecosystems likely do not apply in cold-desert environments. C1 Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Fernandez, DP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM daniel.fernandez@colorado.edu RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 NR 33 TC 47 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAY PY 2006 VL 78 IS 3 BP 247 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s10533-005-4278-0 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 042ZN UT WOS:000237569200001 ER PT J AU Rowland, MM Wisdom, MJ Suring, LH Meinke, CW AF Rowland, MM Wisdom, MJ Suring, LH Meinke, CW TI Greater sage-grouse as an umbrella species for sagebrush-associated vertebrates SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; great basin; habitat risk; greater sage-grouse; sagebrush ecosystem; umbrella species ID GEOGRAPHIC RANGE; CONSERVATION; HABITAT; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; FLAGSHIPS; SELECTION; ECOSYSTEM AB Widespread degradation of the sagebrush ecosystem in the western United States, including the invasion of cheatgrass, has prompted resource managers to consider a variety of approaches to restore and conserve habitats for sagebrush-associated species. One such approach involves the use of greater sage-grouse, a species of prominent conservation interest, as an umbrella species. This shortcut approach assumes that managing habitats to conserve sage-grouse will simultaneously benefit other species of conservation concern. The efficacy of using sage-grouse as an umbrella species for conservation management, however, has not been fully evaluated. We tested that concept by comparing: (1) commonality in land-cover associations, and (2) spatial overlap in habitats between sage-grouse and 39 other sagebrush-associated vertebrate species of conservation concern in the Great Basin ecoregion. Overlap in species' land-cover associations with those of sage-grouse, based on the p (phi) correlation coefficient, was substantially greater for sagebrush obligates ((x) over bar = 0.40) than non-obligates ((x) over bar = 0.21). Spatial overlap between habitats of target species and those associated with sage-grouse was low (mean phi = 0.23), but somewhat greater for habitats at high risk of displacement by cheatgrass (mean phi = 0.33). Based on our criteria, management of sage-grouse habitats likely would offer relatively high conservation coverage for sagebrush obligates such as pygmy rabbit (mean phi = 0.84), but far less for other species we addressed, such as lark sparrow (mean phi = 0.09), largely due to lack of commonality in land-cover affinity and geographic ranges of these species and sage-grouse. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Terr Wildlife Ecol Unit, Forestry Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. USGS Biol Resources Discipline, Snake Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Rowland, MM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM mrowland@fs.fed.us; mwisdom@fs.fed.us; lsudng@fs.fed.us; carawolffm@hotmail.com NR 66 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 129 IS 3 BP 323 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.048 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 034VV UT WOS:000236959600004 ER PT J AU VanderWerf, EA Groombridge, JJ Fretz, JS Swinnerton, KJ AF VanderWerf, EA Groombridge, JJ Fretz, JS Swinnerton, KJ TI Decision analysis to guide recovery of the po'ouli, a critically endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE decision tree; endangered species recovery; Hawaii; Po'ouli; structured decision analysis ID TRANSLOCATION STRATEGIES; REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; ULI; POPULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; BEHAVIOR; EXTINCT; WILD AB We used a probabilistic decision tree to help select among alternative recovery strategies for the Po'ouli, a critically endangered forest bird endemic to the Hawaiian island of Maui. The Po'ouli is one of the rarest birds in the world, with only three individuals known, and no breeding pairs. The most urgent conservation need for the species is to create a breeding pair and obtain eggs for captive propagation. Seven recovery strategies had been proposed, and there was disagreement among conservation workers about which strategy to pursue. In addition to lengthy discussions, a decision tree was introduced to provide an objective way of quantifying the chance of success under each alternative. All available information was used to attempt evaluation of each node in the decision tree. The overall chance of obtaining eggs was calculated by multiplying estimates at each node under each alternative. All options produced low estimates of potential success, but two options, removal of all birds to captivity and placement of the birds in a field aviary in an accessible location, produced similar estimates of success. The US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife eventually agreed that removal to captivity was the preferred alternative because it could be implemented quickly, which was important considering the advanced age of the birds, and would make it easier to provide veterinary care and ensure their safety from predators, severe weather, and vandals. Decision trees and other structured models should not be relied on exclusively, but they can provide an objective method of helping to make difficult conservation decisions and provide a record of complex thought processes used in reaching a determination. The case of the Po'ouli may serve as a template for navigation towards a decision to recover other species of extreme rarity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. Hawaii Div Forestry & Wildlife, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP VanderWerf, EA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Rm 3-122,Box 50088, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM eric_vanderwerf@fws.gov RI Groombridge, Jim/G-8060-2011 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 129 IS 3 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.11.005 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 034VV UT WOS:000236959600009 ER PT J AU Bailey, JE Harris, AJL Dehn, J Calvari, S Rowland, S AF Bailey, JE Harris, AJL Dehn, J Calvari, S Rowland, S TI The changing morphology of an open lava channel on Mt. Etna SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Etna; FLIR; lava channel; 'a'(a)over-bar; thermal; unsteady flow; morphology ID MOUNT-ETNA; 1991-1993 ERUPTION; KILAUEA VOLCANO; SATELLITE DATA; FLOW-FIELDS; BLOCK-LAVA; CRYSTALLIZATION; EMPLACEMENT; AA; DYNAMICS AB An open channel lava flow on Mt. Etna (Sicily) was observed during May 30-31, 2001. Data collected using a forward looking infrared (FLIR) thermal camera and a Minolta-Land Cyclops 300 thermal infrared thermometer showed that the bulk volume flux of lava flowing in the channel varied greatly over time. Cyclic changes in the channel's volumetric flow rate occurred over several hours, with cycle durations of 113-190 min, and discharges peaking at 0.7 m(3) s(-1) and waning to 0.1 m(3) s(-1). Each cycle was characterized by a relatively short, high-volume flux phase during which a pulse of lava, with a well-defined flow front, would propagate down-channel, followed by a period of waning flow during which volume flux lowered. Pulses involved lava moving at relatively high velocities (up to 0.29 m s(-1)) and were related to some change in the flow conditions occurring up-channel, possibly at the vent. They implied either a change in the dense rock effusion rate at the source vent and/or cyclic-variation in the vesicle content of the lava changing its bulk volume flux. Pulses would generally overspill the channel to emplace pauhoehoe overflows. During periods of waning flow, velocities fell to 0.05 m s(-1). Blockages forming during such phases caused lava to back up. Occasionally backup resulted in overflows of slow moving 'a'(a) over bar that would advance a few tens of meters down the levee flank. Compound levees were thus a symptom of unsteady flow, where overflow levees were emplaced as relatively fast moving pauhoehoe sheets during pulses, and as slow-moving 'a'(a) over bar units during backup. Small, localized fluctuations in channel volume flux also occurred on timescales of minutes. Volumes of lava backed up behind blockages that formed at constrictions in the channel. Blockage collapse and/or enhanced flow under/around the blockage would then feed short-lived, wave-like, down-channel surges. Real fluctuations in channel volume flux, due to pulses and surges, can lead to significant errors in effusion rate calculations. C1 Univ Alaska, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Inst Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sezione Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Bailey, JE (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jbailey@gi.alaska.edu RI Calvari, Sonia/A-3465-2013 OI Calvari, Sonia/0000-0001-8189-5499 NR 65 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 68 IS 6 BP 497 EP 515 DI 10.1007/s00445-005-0025-6 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 028TH UT WOS:000236511200001 ER PT J AU Vallini, DA Cannon, WF Schulz, KJ AF Vallini, DA Cannon, WF Schulz, KJ TI Age constraints for Paleoproterozoic glaciation in the Lake Superior Region: detrital zircon and hydrothermal xenotime ages for the Chocolay Group, Marquette Range Supergroup SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; NORTHERN MICHIGAN; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; AUTHIGENIC XENOTIME; DIAGENETIC XENOTIME; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; ROCKS; PROVINCE; AMERICA; ORIGIN AB A geochronological study of the Chocolay Group at the base of the Paleoproterozoic Marquette Range Supergroup in Michigan, Lake Superior Region, is attempted for the first time. Age data from detrital zircon grains and hydrothermal xenotime from the basal glaciogenic formation, the Enchantment Lake Formation, and the stratigraphically higher Sturgeon Quartzite and its equivalent, the Sunday Quartzite, provide maximum and minimum age constraints for the Chocolay Group. The youngest detrital zircon population in the Enchantment Lake Formation is 2317 +/- 6 Ma; in the Sturgeon Quartzite, it is 2306 +/- 9 Ma, and in the Sunday Quartzite, it is 2647 +/- 5 Ma. The oldest hydrothermal xenotime age in the Enchantment Lake Formation is 2133 +/- 11 Ma; in the Sturgeon Quartzite, it is 2115 +/- 5 Ma, and in the Sunday Quartzite, it is 2207 +/- 5 Ma. The radiometric age data in this study implies the depositional age of the Chocolay Group is constrained to similar to 2.3-2.2 Ga, which proves its correlation with part of the Huronian Supergroup in the Lake Huron Region, Ontario, and reveals the unconformity that separates the Chocolay Group from the overlying Menominee Group is up to 325 million years in duration. The source(s) of the similar to 2.3 Ga detrital zircon populations in the Enchantment Lake Formation and Sturgeon Quartzite remains an enigma because no known rock units of this age are known in the Michigan area. It is speculated that once widespread volcano-sedimentary cover sequences in Michigan were removed or concealed prior to Chocolay Group deposition. The hydrothermal xenotime ages probably reflect basinal hydrothermal fluid flow associated with the period of extension, involving rifting and major dyke formation, that affected the North American provinces between 2.2 and 2.1 Ga. C1 Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Vallini, DA (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM daniela.vallini@woodside.com.au NR 76 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 571 EP 591 DI 10.1139/E06-010 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 058PY UT WOS:000238678300004 ER PT J AU Bruesewitz, DA Tank, JL Bernot, MJ Richardson, WB Strauss, EA AF Bruesewitz, Denise A. Tank, Jennifer L. Bernot, Melody J. Richardson, William B. Strauss, Eric A. TI Seasonal effects of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) on sediment denitrification rates in Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; SAGINAW BAY; LAKE-HURON; HEADWATER STREAMS; PRAIRIE STREAM; HUDSON RIVER; INVASION; NITRIFICATION AB Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) have altered the structure of invaded ecosystems and exhibit characteristics that suggest they may influence ecosystem processes such as nitrogen (N) cycling. We measured denitrification rates seasonally on sediments underlying zebra mussel beds collected from the impounded zone of Navigation Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River. Denitrification assays were amended with nutrients to characterize variation in nutrient limitation of denitrification in the presence or absence of zebra mussels. Denitrification rates at zebra mussel sites were high relative to sites without zebra mussels in February 2004 (repeated measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA), p = 0.005), potentially because of high NO(3)(-)-N variability from nitrification of high NH(4)(+) zebra mussel waste. Denitrification rates were highest in June 2003 (RM ANOVA, p < 0.001), corresponding with the highest NO(3)(-)-N concentrations during the study (linear regression, R(2) = 0.72, p < 0.001). Denitrification was always N-limited, but sites without zebra mussels showed the strongest response to N amendments relative to sites with zebra mussels (two-way ANOVA, p <= 0.01). Examining how zebra mussels influence denitrification rates will aid in developing a more complete understanding of the impact of zebra mussels and more effective management strategies of eutrophic waters. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Bruesewitz, DA (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, 299 Galvin Life Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM dbruesew@nd.edu RI Strauss, Eric/G-3368-2013 OI Strauss, Eric/0000-0002-3134-2535 NR 71 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 63 IS 5 BP 957 EP 969 DI 10.1139/F06-002 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 053DS UT WOS:000238285600002 ER PT J AU Drevnick, PE Horgan, MJ Oris, JT Kynard, BE AF Drevnick, Paul E. Horgan, Martin J. Oris, James T. Kynard, Boyd E. TI Ontogenetic dynamics of mercury accumulation in Northwest Atlantic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WALLEYE STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; FOOD-WEB; DIETARY METHYLMERCURY; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; FATHEAD MINNOWS; ONTARIO LAKES; CHEMICAL FORM; FISH; GROWTH AB We examined the ontogenetic dynamics of mercury accumulation in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) from the Connecticut River, USA. Mercury concentrations in eggs (mean 84 ng(.)g(-1) wet weight) were lowest of all life stages and correlated to concentrations in females. There was a higher rate of maternal transfer of mercury to eggs compared with teleosts. Ammocoetes had high mercury concentrations for their trophic level (e.g., mean of age-4 ammocoetes 492 ng(.)g(-1) wet weight). A further investigation of four streams showed that ammocoetes reflected the level of contamination in their nursery streams. Concentrations of mercury decreased during metamorphosis from ammocoete to adult. Mercury concentrations in adults ranged from 83 to 942 ng center dot g(-1) wet weight and, unlike teleosts, showed no relation to sex, length, or weight. We provide evidence from stable isotope analyses that this high variability is due to feeding ecology. There are fundamental differences in mercury accumulation between sea lamprey and teleosts. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Drevnick, PE (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM drevnipe@muohio.edu OI Drevnick, Paul/0000-0003-2843-9720 NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 63 IS 5 BP 1058 EP 1066 DI 10.1139/F06-012 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 053DS UT WOS:000238285600010 ER PT J AU Cronin, MA Amstrup, SC Scribner, KT AF Cronin, M. A. Amstrup, S. C. Scribner, K. T. TI Microsatellite DNA and mitochondrial DNA variation in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DIFFERENTIATION; MOVEMENTS; CLIMATE AB Radiotelemetry data have shown that polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) occur in separate subpopulations in the Chukchi Sea and the southern Beaufort Sea. However, segregation is not absolute, and there is overlap of ranges of animals in each subpopulation. We used genetic variation at eight microsatellite DNA loci and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to further assess the degree of spatial structure of polar bears from the Chukchi and southern Beaufort seas. Microsatellite allele frequencies and mtDNA haplotype frequencies of bears from the southern Beaufort and Chukchi seas did not differ significantly. Lack of differentiation at both maternally inherited mtDNA and bi-parentally inherited microsatellite loci suggests that gene flow between the two areas is mediated by both sexes. The genetic data indicate that polar bears in the southern Beaufort and Chukchi seas compose one interbreeding population. However, there is considerable fidelity to ranges in each area, particularly by adult females. The combined genetic and movement data suggest that polar bears could be managed as Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea subpopulations of a combined southern Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea population. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Palmer Res Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Cronin, MA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Palmer Res Ctr, 533 Fireweed Ave, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. EM ffmac1@uaf.edu NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 84 IS 5 BP 655 EP 660 DI 10.1139/Z06-039 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 064AM UT WOS:000239061600003 ER PT J AU Dettinger, M AF Dettinger, Michael TI A component-resampling approach for estimating probability distributions from small forecast ensembles SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; PREDICTION; WEATHER AB In many meteorological and climatological modeling applications, the availability,of ensembles of predictions containing very large numbers of members would substantially ease statistical analyses and validations. This study describes and demonstrates an objective approach for generating large ensembles of "additional" realizations from smaller ensembles, where the additional ensemble members share important first-and second-order statistical characteristics and some dynamic relations within the original ensemble. By decomposing the original ensemble members into assuredly independent time-series components (using a form of principal component decomposition) that can then be resampled randomly and recombined, the component-resampling procedure generates additional time series that follow the large and small scale structures in the original ensemble members, without requiring any tuning by the user. The method is demonstrated by applications to operational medium-range weather forecast ensembles from a single NCEP weather model and application to a multi-model, multi-emission-scenarios ensemble of 21st Century climate-change projections. C1 US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Dettinger, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Dept 0224,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mddettin@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 168 DI 10.1007/s10584-005-9001-6 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 064AC UT WOS:000239060600008 ER PT J AU Stockdon, HF Holman, RA Howd, PA Sallenger, AH AF Stockdon, HF Holman, RA Howd, PA Sallenger, AH TI Empirical parameterization of setup, swash, and runup SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE wave runup; swash; wave setup; remote sensing ID NATURAL BEACH; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; ENERGY SATURATION; WAVE RUNUP; OSCILLATIONS; MOTIONS AB Using shoreline water-level time series collected during 10 dynamically diverse field experiments, an empirical parameterization for extreme runup, defined by the 2% exceedence value, has been developed for use on natural beaches over a wide range of conditions. Runup, the height of discrete water-level maxima, depends on two dynamically different processes; time-averaged wave setup and total swash excursion, each of which is parameterized separately. Setup at the shoreline was best parameterized using a dimensional form of the more common Iribarren-based setup expression that includes foreshore beach slope, offshore wave height, and deep-water wavelength. Significant swash can be decomposed into the incident and infragravity frequency bands. Incident swash is also best parameterized using a dimensional form of the Iribarren-based expression. Infragravity swash is best modeled dimensionally using offshore wave height and wavelength and shows no statistically significant linear dependence on either foreshore or surf-zone slope. On infragravity-dominated dissipative beaches, the magnitudes of both setup and swash, modeling both incident and infragravity frequency components together, are dependent only on offshore wave height and wavelength. Statistics of predicted runup averaged over all sites indicate a - 17 cm bias and an rms error of 38 cm: the mean observed runup elevation for all experiments was 144 cm. On intermediate and reflective beaches with complex foreshore topography, the use of an alongshore-averaged beach slope in practical applications of the runup parameterization may result in a relative runup error equal to 51% of the fractional variability between the measured and the averaged slope. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Stockdon, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL USA. EM hstockdon@usgs.gov OI Stockdon, Hilary/0000-0003-0791-4676 NR 37 TC 266 Z9 267 U1 6 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 53 IS 7 BP 573 EP 588 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.12.005 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 049WJ UT WOS:000238048000003 ER PT J AU Wightman, CS Fuller, MR AF Wightman, CS Fuller, MR TI Influence of habitat heterogeneity on distribution, occupancy patterns, and productivity of breeding Peregrine Falcons in central West Greenland SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE arctic; despotic distribution; habitat heterogeneity; nearest neighbor; Peregrine Falcon; productivity ID NESTING HABITAT; SUCCESS; SELECTION; POPULATION; QUALITY; DENSITY; WEATHER; EAGLES AB We used occupancy and productivity data collected at 67 cliffs used for nesting from 1972 to 1999 to assess patterns of distribution and nest-site selection in an increasing population of Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) in central West Greenland. Peregrine Falcons breeding at traditionally occupied cliffs used for nesting had significantly lower variation in productivity and thus these cliffs were better quality sites. This indicates that Peregrine Falcons occupied cliffs according to a pattern of despotic distribution. Falcons breeding at cliffs that were consistently occupied during the breeding season had higher average productivity and lower variation in productivity than falcons at inconsistently occupied cliffs, and thus consistent occupancy also was indicative of cliff quality. Features of high quality habitat included tall cliffs, greater change in elevation from the lowest point within 3 km of the cliff to the cliff top (elevation gain), and protection from weather on the eyrie ledge. Spacing of suitable and occupied cliffs also was an important feature, and the best cliffs generally were more isolated. Increased spacing was likely a mechanism for reducing intraspecific competition. Our results suggest that Peregrine Falcons use a resource defense strategy to compete for better quality habitats and may use spacing and physical features of a nest site to identify good quality breeding habitat. C1 Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Wightman, CS (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, 2221 W Greenway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. EM cwightman@azgfd.gov NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 270 EP 281 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[270:IOHHOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 047LC UT WOS:000237879800002 ER PT J AU Powell, LA Knutson, MG AF Powell, LA Knutson, MG TI A productivity model for parasitized, multibrooded songbirds SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE American Redstart; Brown-headed Cowbird; productivity; seasonal fecundity; simulation model; Wood Thrush ID WOOD THRUSH; SEASONAL FECUNDITY; NESTING SUCCESS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; SINKS; POPULATIONS AB We present an enhancement of a simulation model to predict annual productivity for Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) and American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla); the model includes effects of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism. We used species-specific data from the Driftless Area Ecoregion of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa to parameterize the model as a case study. The simulation model predicted annual productivity of 2.03 +/- 1.60 SD for Wood Thrushes and 1.56 +/- 1.31 SD for American Redstarts. Our sensitivity analysis showed that high parasitism lowered Wood Thrush annual productivity more than American Redstart productivity, even though parasitism affected individual nests of redstarts more severely. Annual productivity predictions are valuable for habitat managers, but productivity is not easily obtained from field studies. Our model provides a useful means of integrating complex life history parameters to predict productivity for songbirds that experience nest parasitism. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Powell, LA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 202 Nat Resources Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lpowel13@unl.edu RI Powell, Larkin/G-4570-2010 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 292 EP 300 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[292:APMFPM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 047LC UT WOS:000237879800004 ER PT J AU Knutson, MG Powell, LA Hines, RK Friberg, MA Niemi, GJ AF Knutson, MG Powell, LA Hines, RK Friberg, MA Niemi, GJ TI An assessment of bird habitat quality using population growth rates SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Driftless Area; floodplain forest; habitat quality; population growth rate; population model; upland forest ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NEST SUCCESS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; BROOD PARASITISM; MIGRATORY BIRDS; ABUNDANCE; DENSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; SURVIVAL AB Survival and reproduction directly affect population growth rate (lambda) making lambda a fundamental parameter for assessing habitat quality. We used field data, literature review, and a computer simulation to predict annual productivity and lambda for several species of landbirds breeding in floodplain and upland forests in the Midwestern United States. We monitored 1735 nests of 27 species; 760 nests were in the uplands and 975 were in the floodplain. Each type of forest habitat (upland and floodplain) was a source habitat for some species. Despite a relatively low proportion of regional forest cover, the majority of species had stable or increasing populations in all or some habitats, including six species of conservation concern. In our search for a simple analog for lambda, we found that only adult apparent survival, juvenile survival, and annual productivity were correlated with lambda; daily nest survival and relative abundance estimated from point counts were not. Survival and annual productivity are among the most costly demographic parameters to measure and there does not seem to be a low-cost alternative. In addition, our literature search revealed that the demographic parameters needed to model annual productivity and lambda were unavailable for several species. More collective effort across North America is needed to fill the gaps in our knowledge of demographic parameters necessary to model both annual productivity and lambda. Managers can use habitat-specific predictions of annual productivity to compare habitat quality among species and habitats for purposes of evaluating management plans. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Minnesota, Grad Program Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. RP Knutson, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM Melinda_Knutson@fws.gov RI Powell, Larkin/G-4570-2010 NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 301 EP 314 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[301:AAOBHQ]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 047LC UT WOS:000237879800005 ER PT J AU Renner, HM Renner, M Reynolds, JH Harding, AMA Jones, IL Irons, DB Byrd, GV AF Renner, HM Renner, M Reynolds, JH Harding, AMA Jones, IL Irons, DB Byrd, GV TI Colony mapping: A new technique for monitoring crevice-nesting seabirds SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Aethia pusilla; Bering Sea; colony mapping; crevice-nesting seabird; Least Auklet; population monitoring ID ST-LAWRENCE ISLAND; AUKS ALLE-ALLE; CRESTED AUKLETS; LEAST AUKLETS; BERING SEA; POPULATION; ALASKA; ATTENDANCE; PUFFINS AB Monitoring populations of auklets and other crevice-nesting seabirds remains problematic, although numerous methods have been attempted since the mid-1960s. Anecdotal evidence suggests several large auklet colonies have recently decreased in both abundance and extent, concurrently with vegetation encroachment and succession. Quantifying changes in the geographical extent of anklet colonies may be a useful alternative to monitoring population size directly. We propose a standardized method for colony mapping using a randomized systematic grid survey with two components: a simple presence/absence survey and an anklet evidence density survey. A quantitative anklet evidence density index was derived from the frequency of droppings and feathers. This new method was used to map the colony on St. George Island in the southeastern Bering Sea and results were compared to previous colony mapping efforts. Anklet presence was detected in 62 of 201 grid cells (each grid cell = 2500 m(2)) by sampling a randomly placed 16 m(2) plot in each cell estimated colony area = 155 000 m(2). The anklet evidence density index varied by two orders of magnitude across the colony and was strongly correlated with means of replicated counts of birds socializing on the colony surface. Quantitatively mapping all large anklet colonies is logistically feasible using this method and would provide an important baseline for monitoring colony status. Regularly monitoring select colonies using this method may be the best means of detecting changes in distribution and population size of crevice-nesting seabirds. C1 Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Renner, HM (reprint author), Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 95 Sterling Highway,Suite 1, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM heather_renner@fws.gov RI Reynolds, Joel/E-1445-2011 OI Reynolds, Joel/0000-0003-4506-0501 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 423 EP 434 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[423:CMANTF]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 047LC UT WOS:000237879800015 ER PT J AU Pearce, JM Talbot, SL AF Pearce, JM Talbot, SL TI Demography, genetics, and the value of mixed messages SO CONDOR LA English DT Editorial Material DE Harlequin Duck; Histrionicus histrionicus; homing rate; population structure; winter philopatry ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; WINTER PHILOPATRY; SITE FIDELITY; KING EIDERS; DISPERSAL; DIFFERENTIATION; CONNECTIVITY; SURVIVAL AB Iverson et al. (2004) used estimates of the homing rate for molting adult Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) in Alaska to draw inferences about population structure. Homing rates, defined as one minus the ratio of birds recaptured elsewhere to those recaptured at the original banding site, were high (0.95-1.00) for males and females. Iverson et al. (2004) concluded that these high rates of homing are indicative of demographic independence among molting groups separated by small distances (tens to hundreds of kilometers) and that conservation efforts should recognize this fine-scale population structure. Were-examined their use of the homing rate, because their assumption of equal detection probability across a wide sampling area could have led to an upward bias in their estimates of site fidelity. As a result, we are hesitant to agree with their conclusion of high adult homing to molting areas and that molt-site fidelity is evidence for demographic independence. Our hesitancy stems from the fact that little is known about juvenile and adult movements within and among years, breeding area origins, and the variation of demographic parameters (e.g., survival and productivity) among molting groups. Furthermore, population genetic data of these molting groups suggest gene flow at both nuclear and mitochondrial loci. Such mixed messages between demographic (i.e., banding) and genetic data are increasingly common in ornithological studies and offer unique opportunities to reassess predictions and make more robust inferences about population structure across broad temporal and spatial scales. Thus, we stress that it is this broader scale perspective, which combines both demography and genetics, that biologists should seek to quantify and conservation efforts should seek to recognize. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM John_Pearce@usgs.gov RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 474 EP 479 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[474:DGATVO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 047LC UT WOS:000237879800021 ER PT J AU Esler, D Iverson, SA Rizzolo, DJ AF Esler, D Iverson, SA Rizzolo, DJ TI Genetic and demographic criteria for defining population units for conservation: The value of clear messages SO CONDOR LA English DT Editorial Material DE demography; genetics; Harlequin Duck; Histrionicus histrionicus; population structure; site fidelity ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; WINTER PHILOPATRY; DISPERSAL; RECOVERY; SURVIVAL AB In a recent paper on Harlequin Duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) interannual site fidelity (Iverson et al. 2004), we concluded that wintering populations were demographically structured at a finer geographic scale than that at which genetic differentiation was observed and that conservation efforts should recognize this degree of demographic independence. In a critique of our study, Pearce and Talbot (2006) contend that our measures of fidelity were not robust and imply that in the face of "mixed messages" we failed to appreciate the role of genetic data in defining population units. We recognize, as we did in our original paper, that our methods for quantifying site fidelity have some limitations; however, the patterns in our data are consistent with a considerable body of literature indicating high winter site fidelity in Harlequin Ducks. Moreover, we do not consider differences in the scales at which genetic and demographic structure are expressed to be "mixed messages," given the different spatial and temporal scales at which genetic and contemporary demographic processes operate. We emphasize that a lack of genetic differentiation does not necessarily preclude the existence of contemporary demographic structure with relevance for conservation. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. US Geol Survey, Alasaka Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Esler, D (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, 5421 Robertson Rd, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. EM desler@sfu.ca NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 480 EP 483 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[480:GADCFD]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 047LC UT WOS:000237879800022 ER PT J AU Culter, JK Ritchie, KB Earle, SA Guggenheim, DE Halley, RB Ciembronowicz, KT Hine, AC Jarrett, BD Locker, SD Jaap, WC AF Culter, JK Ritchie, KB Earle, SA Guggenheim, DE Halley, RB Ciembronowicz, KT Hine, AC Jarrett, BD Locker, SD Jaap, WC TI Pulley reef: a deep photosynthetic coral reef on the West Florida Shelf, USA SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Conservat Policy & Sci, Washington, DC 20009 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Halley, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM rhalley@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAY PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 228 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s00338-006-0097-6 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 039GA UT WOS:000237292800013 ER PT J AU Mayor, PA Rogers, CS Hillis-Starr, ZM AF Mayor, PA Rogers, CS Hillis-Starr, ZM TI Distribution and abundance of elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, and prevalence of White-Band disease at Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Acropora palmata; Buck Island Reef National Monument; Elkhorn coral; US Virgin Islands; white-band disease AB In the 1970s and 1980s elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, declined dramatically throughout the Caribbean primarily due to white-band disease (WBD). In 2005, elkhorn coral was proposed for listing as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act. WBD was first documented at Buck Island Reef National Monument (BIRNM). Together with hurricanes WBD reduced live elkhorn coral coverage by probably over 90%. In the past decade some recovery has been observed at BIRNM. This study assessed the distribution and abundance of elkhorn coral and estimated the prevalence of WBD at the monument. Within an area of 795 ha, we estimated 97,232-134,371 (95% confidence limits) elkhorn coral colonies with any dimension of connected live tissue greater than one meter, about 3% of which were infected by WBD. Despite some recovery, the elkhorn coral density remains low and WBD may continue to present a threat to the elkhorn coral population. C1 Natl Pk Serv, Christiansted, VI 00820 USA. US Geol Survey, Caribbean Field Stn, St John, VI 00830 USA. RP Mayor, PA (reprint author), Ocean Conservancy, POB 667, Christiansted, VI 00821 USA. EM pmayor@oceanconservancy.org NR 13 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAY PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1007/s00338-006-0093-x PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 039GA UT WOS:000237292800015 ER PT J AU Buster, NA Holmes, CW AF Buster, NA Holmes, CW TI Magnesium content within the skeletal architecture of the coral Montastraea faveolata: locations of brucite precipitation and implications to fine-scale data fluctuations SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE coral skeleton; magnesium; Brucite; endolithic algae; scanning electron microscope; laser ablation ICP-MS ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ABLATION ICP-MS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ALGA GONIOLITHON; PORITES CORALS; BRAIN CORAL; RATIOS; GROWTH; MG/CA AB Small portions of coral cores were analyzed using a high-resolution laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA ICP-MS) to determine the geochemical signatures within and among specific skeletal structures in the large framework coral, Montastraea faveolata. Vertical transects were sampled along three parallel skeletal structures: endothecal (septal flank), corallite wall, and exothecal (costal flank) areas. The results demonstrate that trace element levels varied among the three structures. Magnesium (Mg) varied among adjacent structures and was most abundant within the exothecal portion of the skeleton. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of hexagonal crystals forming thick discs, pairs or doublets of individual crystals, and rosettes in several samples. High Mg within these crystals was confirmed with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), infrared spectrometry, and LA ICP-MS. The chemical composition is consistent with the mineral brucite [Mg(OH2)]. These crystals are located exclusively in the exothecal area of the skeleton, are often associated with green endolithic algae, and are commonly associated with increased Mg levels found in the adjacent corallite walls. Although scattered throughout the exothecal, the brucite crystals are concentrated within green bands where levels of Mg increase substantially relative to other portions of the skeleton. The presence and locations of high-Mg crystals may explain the fine-scale fluctuations in Mg data researchers have been questioning for years. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM nbuster@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAY PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s00338-006-0092-y PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 039GA UT WOS:000237292800016 ER PT J AU Kahng, SE Maragos, JE AF Kahng, SE Maragos, JE TI The deepest, zooxanthellate scleractinian corals in the world? SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Remote Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Kahng, SE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM kahng@hawaii.edu NR 8 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAY PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 254 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s00338-006-0098-5 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 039GA UT WOS:000237292800017 ER PT J AU Dean, W Fritz, S Whitlock, C Watts, W AF Dean, W Fritz, S Whitlock, C Watts, W TI John Platt Bradbury (1936-2005) - Obituary SO DIATOM RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Bot, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Dean, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPRESS LIMITED PI BRISTOL PA THE ORCHARD, CLANAGE RD, BRISTOL BS3 2JX, ENGLAND SN 0269-249X J9 DIATOM RES JI Diatom Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 038QH UT WOS:000237237300013 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Swihart, RK Bestelmeyer, BT AF Beever, EA Swihart, RK Bestelmeyer, BT TI Linking the concept of scale to studies of biological diversity: evolving approaches and tools SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity conservation; biological invasions; extent; future challenges; publication chronology; modelling; resolution ID SPECIES RICHNESS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; LAND MANAGEMENT; MULTIPLE SCALES; ARID ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB Although the concepts of scale and biological diversity independently have received rapidly increasing attention in the scientific literature since the 1980s, the rate at which the two concepts have been investigated jointly has grown much more slowly. We find that scale considerations have been incorporated explicitly into six broad areas of investigation related to biological diversity: (1) heterogeneity within and among ecosystems, (2) disturbance ecology, (3) conservation and restoration, (4) invasion biology, (5) importance of temporal scale for understanding processes, and (6) species responses to environmental heterogeneity. In addition to placing the papers of this Special Feature within the context of brief summaries of the expanding literature on these six topics, we provide an overview of tools useful for integrating scale considerations into studies of biological diversity. Such tools include hierarchical and structural-equation modelling, kriging, variable-width buffers, k-fold cross-validation, and cascading graph diagrams, among others. Finally, we address some of the major challenges and research frontiers that remain, and conclude with a look to the future. C1 NPS Great Lakes Network, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88011 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), NPS Great Lakes Network, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM erik_beever@nps.gov RI Swihart, Rob/D-2787-2016 NR 70 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00260.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036SK UT WOS:000237095500001 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Huso, M Pyke, DA AF Beever, EA Huso, M Pyke, DA TI Multiscale responses of soil stability and invasive plants to removal of non-native grazers from an arid conservation reserve SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; California; herbivory; hierarchical linear models; information-theoretic analyses; soil-aggregate stability; non-native plants; Mojave Desert; Schismus barbatus ID SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; GRAZING SYSTEMS; STABLE STATES; MOJAVE DESERT; NEW-MEXICO; RESTORATION; DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; GRASSLANDS; RANGELANDS AB Disturbances and ecosystem recovery from disturbance both involve numerous processes that operate on multiple spatial and temporal scales. Few studies have investigated how gradients of disturbance intensity and ecosystem responses are distributed across multiple spatial resolutions and also how this relationship changes through time during recovery. We investigated how cover of non-native species and soil-aggregate stability (a measure of vulnerability to erosion by water) in surface and subsurface soils varied spatially during grazing by burros and cattle and whether patterns in these variables changed after grazer removal from Mojave National Preserve, California, USA. We compared distance from water and number of ungulate defecations - metrics of longer-term and recent grazing intensity, respectively, - as predictors of our response variables. We used information-theoretic analyses to compare hierarchical linear models that accounted for important covariates and allowed for interannual variation in the disturbance-response relationship at local and landscape scales. Soil stability was greater under perennial vegetation than in bare interspaces, and surface soil stability decreased with increasing numbers of ungulate defecations. Stability of surface samples was more affected by time since removal of grazers than was stability of subsurface samples, and subsurface soil stability in bare spaces was not related to grazing intensity, time since removal, or any of our other predictors. In the high rainfall year (2003) after cattle had been removed for 1-2 years, cover of all non-native plants averaged nine times higher than in the low-rainfall year (2002). Given the heterogeneity in distribution of large-herbivore impacts that we observed at several resolutions, hierarchical analyses provided a more complete understanding of the spatial and temporal complexities of disturbance and recovery processes in arid ecosystems. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), NPS Great Lakes Network, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM erik_beever@nps.gov NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 258 EP 268 DI 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00253.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036SK UT WOS:000237095500004 ER PT J AU Grossman, GD Ratajczak, RE Petty, JT Hunter, MD Peterson, JT Grenouillet, G AF Grossman, GD Ratajczak, RE Petty, JT Hunter, MD Peterson, JT Grenouillet, G TI Population dynamics of mottled sculpin (Pisces) in a variable environment: Information theoretic approaches SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Cottus bairdi; density dependence; density independence; floods and droughts; long-term population studies; mottled sculpin; population regulation; recruitment limitation; removal experiments; stream fish ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN STREAM; DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; MICROHABITAT USE; COTTUS-BAIRDI; HABITAT USE; RECRUITMENT; ABUNDANCE; CYCLES AB We used strong inference with Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to assess the processes capable of explaining long-term (1984-1995) variation in the per capita rate of change of mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi) populations in the Coweeta Creek drainage (USA). We sampled two fourth- and one fifth-order sites (BCA [uppermost], BCB, and CC [lowermost]) along a downstream gradient, and the study encompassed extensive flow variation. Physical habitat availability varied significantly both within and among the sites. Sculpin densities in all sites were highly stable (coefficients of variation = 0.23-0.41) and sampling variability was low (coefficients of variation = 0.11-0.15). Population stability was positively associated with habitat stability, and the only significant correlations of population parameters among sites involved juveniles. Sculpin densities were significantly higher in BCB than in CC. The data suggest that, despite their proximity, the dynamics of populations within the sites are being determined by small-scale (i.e., 30-50 m) rather than broad-scale spatial processes. Both AIC and Dennis and Taper analyses indicated that simple density dependence had the greatest ability to explain variation in r for all life-history classes in all sites (AIC, seven of nine cases; Dennis and Taper, nine of nine cases). Multiprocess models had little explanatory power. When adults were removed from two sites, juvenile sculpin shifted into microhabitats formerly occupied by adults. No shifts occurred in control sites. Consequently, it is likely that the patterns of density dependence observed in all three sites were a consequence of intraspecific competition for space. Our findings argue for a multitiered approach to the study of population variation, one that encompasses long-term monitoring, spatial variation, and experimental testing of potential mechanisms. C1 Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5172, Lab Dynam Biodiversite, F-31062 Toulouse 4, France. RP Grossman, GD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM grossman@uga.edu RI Grenouillet, Gael/C-8710-2011 NR 58 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 2 BP 217 EP 234 DI 10.1890/04-1623 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 039ZP UT WOS:000237348100004 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Fotheringham, CJ Baer-Keeley, M AF Keeley, JE Fotheringham, CJ Baer-Keeley, M TI Demographic patterns of postfire regeneration in Mediterranean-climate shrublands of California SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE California (USA) shrublands; chaparral; facultative seeders; fire endemics; functional types; obligate resprouters; obligate seeders; postfire regeneration; sage scrub; seedling survivorship ID COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES; SEEDLING RECRUITMENT; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CHAPARRAL SHRUBS; SIERRA-NEVADA; FIRE; SUCCESSION; DISTURBANCE AB This study uses detailed demographic data to determine the extent to which functional groupings, based on seedling recruitment and resprouting response to fire, capture the dynamics of postfire responses and early successional change in fire-prone ecosystems. Following massive wildfires in southern California, USA, we sampled chaparral and sage scrub vegetation in nested 0.1-ha plots from 90 sites for five postfire years. Prefire density of woody skeletons and cover and density of all postfire species were recorded. Functional types of postfire obligate seeder, facultative seeder, and obligate resprouter are broadly useful but fail to capture much of the dynamics of postfire succession in these shrublands. For the woody flora, stratifying these three regeneration modes by life-form captures important differences. Postfire obligate-seeding shrubs exhibit a single postfire seedling cohort whereas the faster growing suffrutescent species reach reproductive maturity by the second year and produce multiple seedling cohorts. Postfire obligate-resprouting shrubs reach reproductive maturity early but have very limited seedling recruitment in the early postfire years, whereas obligate-resprouting subshrubs flower the first year from resprouts and have seedling recruitment pulses in the second and subsequent postfire years. For the rich herbaceous flora, further subdivisions are needed to capture the range of variation. Herbaceous perennials are nearly all postfire obligate resprouters, and there are important demographic differences during early succession in different growth forms such as geophytes and rhizomatous grasses. Annuals lack resprouting ability and are postfire obligate seeders. Some exhibit extreme life-history specialization and are present only in the immediate postfire year(s). Others are highly specialized on fire but persist during early succession, and still others are opportunistic species widely distributed on open sites but can expand their populations during early succession. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Div Nat Resources, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 9 U2 58 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 76 IS 2 BP 235 EP 255 DI 10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076[0235:DPOPRI]2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 039ZP UT WOS:000237348100005 ER PT J AU Gray, ST Betancourt, JL Jackson, ST Eddy, RG AF Gray, Stephen T. Betancourt, Julio L. Jackson, Stephen T. Eddy, Robert G. TI Role of multidecadal climate variability in a range extension of pinyon pine SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drought; founder event; paleoecology; pinyon-juniper woodlands; tree rings; vegetation change; woodrat middens ID POTENTIAL CHANGES; PLANT MIGRATION; UNITED-STATES; TREE; DROUGHT; EVENTS; UTAH AB Evidence from woodrat middens and tree rings at Dutch John Mountain (DJM) in northeastern Utah reveal spatiotemporal patterns of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm.) colonization and expansion in the past millennium. The DJM population, a northern outpost of pinyon, was established by long-distance dispersal (similar to 40 km). Growth of this isolate was markedly episodic and tracked multidecadal variability in precipitation. Initial colonization occurred by AD 1246, but expansion was forestalled by catastrophic drought (1250-1288), which we speculate produced extensive mortality of Utah Juniper (Juniperus osteospemia (Torr.) Little), the dominant tree at DJM for the previous similar to 8700 years. Pinyon then quickly replaced juniper across DJM during a few wet decades (1330-1339 and 1368-1377). Such alternating decadal-scale droughts and pluvial events play a key role in structuring plant communities at the landscape to regional level. These decadal-length precipitation anomalies tend to be regionally coherent-and can synchronize physical and biological processes across large areas. Vegetation forecast models must incorporate these temporal and geographic aspects of climate variability to accurately predict the effects of future climate change. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Gray, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. EM stgray@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 34 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1124 EP 1130 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1124:ROMCVI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 042TM UT WOS:000237552400007 PM 16761590 ER PT J AU Allen, CR Garmestani, AS Havlicek, TD Marquet, PA Peterson, GD Restrepo, C Stow, CA Weeks, BE AF Allen, CR Garmestani, AS Havlicek, TD Marquet, PA Peterson, GD Restrepo, C Stow, CA Weeks, BE TI Patterns in body mass distributions: sifting among alternative hypotheses SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Body mass; body mass distributions; cross-scale; ecological organization; keystone process; pattern; scale ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; AMERICAN FOSSIL MAMMALS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; COPES RULE; HABITAT ARCHITECTURE; ENERGETIC DEFINITION; GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE; POPULATION-DENSITY; EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE; LOCAL-COMMUNITIES AB Understanding how animals interact with their environment is critical for evaluating, mitigating and coping with anthropogenic alteration of Earth's biosphere. Researchers have attempted to understand some aspects of these interactions by examining patterns in animal body mass distributions. Energetic, phylogenetic, biogeographical, textural discontinuity and community interaction hypotheses have been advanced to explain observed patterns. Energetic and textural discontinuity hypotheses focus upon the allometry of resource use. The community interaction hypothesis contends that biotic interactions within assemblages of species are of primary importance. Biogeographical and phylogenetic hypotheses focus on the role of constraints on the organization of communities. This paper examines and organizes these various propositions about species body mass distributions and discusses the multiple competing hypotheses, how their predictions vary, and possible methods by which the hypotheses can be distinguished and tested. Each of the hypotheses is partial, and explains some elements of pattern in body mass distributions. The scale of appropriate application, relevance and interpretation varies among the hypotheses, and the mechanisms underlying observed patterns are likely to be multicausal and vary with scale. C1 Univ Nebraska, USGS Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Program Policy Studies, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Catholic Univ Chile, Dept Ecol, Santiago, Chile. McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. McGill Univ, Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Univ Nebraska, USGS Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM allencr@unl.edu RI Marquet, Pablo /B-7732-2009; Peterson, Garry/C-1309-2008; OI Marquet, Pablo /0000-0001-6369-9339; Peterson, Garry/0000-0003-0173-0112; Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 NR 96 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 BP 630 EP 643 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00902.x PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 032UB UT WOS:000236799600012 PM 16643307 ER PT J AU Khashgerel, BE Rye, RO Hedenquist, JW Kavalieris, I AF Khashgerel, Bat-Erdene Rye, Robert O. Hedenquist, Jeffrey W. Kavalieris, Imants TI Geology and reconnaissance stable isotope study of the Oyu Tolgoi porphyry Cu-Au system, South Gobi, Mongolia SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPITHERMAL ENVIRONMENT; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; MAGMATIC FLUIDS; COPPER-DEPOSIT; CRUSTAL GROWTH; CLAY-MINERALS; EL-SALVADOR; GEOCHEMISTRY; EVOLUTION; SULFATE AB The Oyu Tolgoi porphyry Cu-Au system in the South Gobi desert, Mongolia, comprises five deposits that extend over 6 km in a north-northeast-oriented zone. They occur in a middle to late Paleozoic arc terrane and are related to Late Devonian quartz monzodiorite intrusions. The Hugo Dummett deposits are the northernmost and deepest, with up to 1,000 in of premineral sedimentary and volcanic cover rock remaining. They are the largest deposits discovered to date and characterized by high-grade copper (>2.5% Cu) and gold (0.5-2 g/t) mineralization associated with intense quartz veining and several phases of quartz monzodiorite intruded into basaltic volcanic host rocks. Sulfide minerals in these deposits are zoned outward from a bornite-dominated core to chalcopyrite, upward to pyrite +/- enargite and covellite at shallower depth. The latter high-sulfidation-state sulfides are hosted by advanced argillic alteration mineral associations. This alteration is restricted mainly to dacitic ash-flow tuff that overlies the basaltic volcanic rock and includes ubiquitous quartz and pyrophyllite, kaolinite, plus late dickite veins, as well as K alunite, Al phosphate-sulfate minerals, zunyite, diaspore, topaz, corundum, and andalusite. A reconnaissance oxygen-hydrogen and sulfur isotope study was undertaken to investigate the origin of several characteristic alteration minerals in the Oyu Tolgoi system, with particular emphasis on the Hugo Dummett deposits. Based on the isotopic composition of O, H, and S (delta O-18((SO4)) = 8.8-20.1%, delta D = -73 to -43%, delta S-34 = 9.8-17.9%), the alunite formed from condensation of magmatic vapor that ascended to the upper parts of the porphyry hydrothermal system, without involvement of significant amounts of meteoric water. The isotopic data indicate that pyrophyllite (delta O-18 = 6.5-10.9%, delta D = -90 to -106%) formed from a magmatic fluid with a component of meteoric water. Muscovite associated with quartz monzodiorite intrusions occurs in the core of the Hugo Dummett deposits, and isotopic data (delta O-18 = 3.0-9.0%, delta D = -101 to -1.16%) show it formed from a magmatic fluid with water similar in composition to that which formed the pyrophyllite. Mg chlorite (delta O-18 = 5.5%o, delta D = -126%) is a widespread mineral retrograde after hydrothermal biotite and may have formed from fluids similar to those related to the muscovite during cooling of the porphyry system. By contrast, paragenetically later and postmineralization alteration fluid, which produced dickite (delta O-18 = -4.1 to +3.3%, delta D = -130 to -140%), shows clear evidence for mixing with substantial amounts of meteoric water. Relatively low delta D values (-140%) for this meteoric water component may indicate that its source was at high elevations. The geologic structure, nature of alteration, styles of mineralization, and stable isotope data indicate that the Oyu Tolgoi deposits constitute a typical porphyry system formed in an island-arc setting. The outward zonation of sulfide minerals for the Hugo Dummett deposits, from a bornite-dominated core to chalcopyrite and pyrite-enargite, can be interpreted to be related to a cooling magmatic hydrothermal system which transgressed outward over enclosing advanced argillic alteration. This resulted in some unusual alteration and sulfide parageneses, such as topaz, or pyrite, enargite, and tennantite, entrained by high-grade bornite. C1 Ivanhoe Mines Mongolia Inc, Ulaanbaatar 210349, Mongol Peo Rep. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Mongolian Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Geol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. RP Khashgerel, BE (reprint author), Ivanhoe Mines Mongolia Inc, Zaluuchuud Ave 26, Ulaanbaatar 210349, Mongol Peo Rep. EM hashgerel@yahoo.com NR 46 TC 47 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 29 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 101 IS 3 BP 503 EP 522 DI 10.2113/gsecongeo.101.3.503 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 083TY UT WOS:000240482300001 ER PT J AU Mair, JL Goldfarb, RJ Johnson, CA Hart, CJR Marsh, EE AF Mair, John L. Goldfarb, Richard J. Johnson, Craig A. Hart, Craig J. R. Marsh, Erin E. TI Geochemical constraints on the genesis of the Scheelite dome intrusion-related gold deposit, Tombstone gold belt, Yukon, Canada SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; SYNTHETIC FLUID INCLUSIONS; TERRITORY; SYSTEM; BEARING; EQUILIBRIA; SILICATES; STABILITY; VOLATILES; MINERALS AB The Scheelite dome intrusion-related gold deposit, western Selwyn basin, Yukon, is hosted in hornfelsed metasedimentary strata that lie adjacent to the exposed apices of a monzogranite to quartz monzonite plutonic complex of the mid-Cretaceous Tombstone-Tungsten magmatic belt, Tintina gold province, Alaska and Yukon. A variety of mineralization styles occur throughout a 10- x 3-km east-trending corridor and include reduced Au- and W-rich skarns, Au-, W- and Ag-Pb-Zn-Sb-rich quartz tension-vein arrays, and multiphase fault veins and isolated zones of Au-rich sericite-carbonate altered rock. Integrated U-Pb SHRIMP data for magmatic zircon and Ar-Ar data for magmatic and hydrothermal biotite indicate that gold mineralization occurred within 1 to 2 m.y. of magma emplacement. Fluid inclusion, oxygen isotope, and arsenopyrite geothermometry data indicate that hydrothermal minerals formed at depths of 6 to 9 kin over a temperature range from < 300 degrees to > 550 degrees C. High-temperature Au-rich skarns formed at > 400 degrees C, whereas vein-hosted mineralization formed at 280 degrees to 380 degrees C. In skarns, Au is strongly associated with enrichments of Bi, Te, W, and As, whereas a variety of Au-rich veins occur, with As-rich (type I), and Te- and W-rich (type 2) end members. Silver-Pb-Zn-Sb veins are typically An poor and represent the latest and lowest temperature phase in the hydrothermal paragenesis. The fluid inclusion data indicate that all mineralization styles were formed from low-salinity (<= 4 wt % NaCl equiv) aqueous-carbonic fluids, consistent with the composition of fluid inclusions within infilled miarolitic cavities in the intrusive rocks. However, the nonaqueous fluid was predominantly CH4 in skarn, CO2 in Au-Te and Au-W veins, and a fluid with roughly equal amounts of CO2, CH4, and N-2 in Au-As and Ag-Pb-Zn-Sb veins. Oxygen isotope data are consistent with a mineralizing fluid of predominantly magmatic origin that was variably modified to more positive 6180 values during interaction with O-18-enriched metasedimentary strata. Sulfur isotope data suggest two possible sources of sulfur, a magmatic source characterized by delta S-34 values of approximately -5 to 0 per mil and sulfur from the metasedimentary country rocks characterized by more negative delta O-34 values of approximately -15 to -10 per mil. Collectively the data indicate that gold at Scheelite Dome was deposited from a magmatic-hydrothermal system. Interaction of magmatic fluids with graphitic hornfels rocks resulted in reduction of the ore fluids, higher CH4/CO2 ratios, and modification of the oxygen and sulfur isotope values of the ore fluids toward those of the metasedimentary hornfels. Progressive reduction and cooling of hydrothermal fluids, in addition to phase separation in vein-hosted mineralization, were the mechanisms for geld deposition. Compared to other intrusion-related gold deposits associated with the Tombstone-Tungsten magmatic belt magmatism, exposed mineralization at Scheelite Dome is predominantly hosted by hornfelsed metasedimentary rocks. This results in more diverse mineralization styles and a greater spread of isotope and fluid inclusion data. C1 Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Yukon Geol Survey, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada. RP Mair, JL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Mineral Deposit Res Unit, 6339 Stores Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM jmair@eos.ube.ca NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 101 IS 3 BP 523 EP 553 DI 10.2113/gsecongeo.101.3.523 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 083TY UT WOS:000240482300002 ER PT J AU Morton, RA Bernier, JC Barras, JA AF Morton, RA Bernier, JC Barras, JA TI Evidence of regional subsidence and associated interior wetland loss induced by hydrocarbon production, Gulf Coast region, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wetland loss; subsidence; coastal change; Gulf Coast region ID LAND SUBSIDENCE; TEXAS COAST; LOUISIANA; OIL; COMPACTION AB Analysis of remote images, elevation surveys, stratigraphic cross-sections, and hydrocarbon production data demonstrates that extensive areas of wetland loss in the northern Gulf Coast region of the United States were associated with large-volume fluid production from mature petroleum fields. Interior wetland losses at many sites in coastal Louisiana and Texas are attributed largely to accelerated land subsidence and fault reactivation induced by decreased reservoir pressures as a result of rapid or prolonged extraction of gas, oil, and associated brines. Evidence that moderately-deep hydrocarbon production has induced land-surface subsidence and reactivated faults that intersect the surface include: (1) close temporal and spatial correlation of fluid production with surficial changes including rapid subsidence of wetland sediments near producing fields, (2) measurable offsets of shallow strata across the zones of wetland loss, (3) large reductions in subsurface pressures where subsidence rates are high, (4) coincidence of orientation and direction of displacement between surface fault traces and faults that bound the reservoirs, and (5) accelerated subsidence rates near producing fields compared to subsidence rates in surrounding areas or compared to geological rates of subsidence. Based on historical trends, subsidence rates in the Gulf Coast region near producing fields most likely will decrease in the future because most petroleum fields are nearly depleted. Alternatively, continued extraction of conventional energy resources as well as potential production of alternative energy resources (geopressured-geothermal fluids) in the Gulf Coast region could increase subsidence and land losses and also contribute to inundation of areas of higher elevation. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. ETI Profess Inc, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Coastal Restorat Field Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70894 USA. RP Morton, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM rmorton@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 7 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 261 EP 274 DI 10.1007/s00254-006-0207-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 039RE UT WOS:000237323600011 ER PT J AU Mao, X Prommer, H Barry, DA Langevin, CD Panteleit, B Li, L AF Mao, X Prommer, H Barry, DA Langevin, CD Panteleit, B Li, L TI Three-dimensional model for multi-component reactive transport with variable density groundwater flow SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE PHWAT; density-dependent flow; SEAWAT; MODFLOW; MT3DMS; PHREEQC-2; cation exchange; seawater intrusion; coastal groundwater flow and chemical transport/reaction; snow-plough effect ID SPLIT-OPERATOR METHODS; SILICA SAND SYSTEM; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; COASTAL GROUNDWATER; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; NATURAL-WATERS; DEPENDENT FLOW; SOIL COLUMNS; BIODEGRADATION AB PHWAT is a new model that couples a geochemical reaction model (PHREEQC-2) with a density-dependent groundwater flow and solute transport model (SEAWAT) using the split-operator approach. PHWAT was developed to simulate multi-component reactive transport in variable density groundwater flow. Fluid density in PHWAT depends not on only the concentration of a single species as in SEAWAT, but also the concentrations of other dissolved chemicals that can be subject to reactive processes. Simulation results of PHWAT and PHREEQC-2 were compared in their predictions of effluent concentration from a column experiment. Both models produced identical results, showing that PHWAT has correctly coupled the sub-packages. PHWAT was then applied to the simulation of a tank experiment in which seawater intrusion was accompanied by cation exchange. The density dependence of the intrusion and the snow-plough effect in the breakthrough curves were reflected in the model simulations, which were in good agreement with the measured breakthrough data. Comparison simulations that, in turn, excluded density effects and reactions allowed us to quantify the marked effect of ignoring these processes. Next, we explored numerical issues involved in the practical application of PHWAT using the example of a dense plume flowing into a tank containing fresh water. It was shown that PHWAT could model physically unstable flow and that numerical instabilities were suppressed. Physical instability developed in the model in accordance with the increase of the modified Rayleigh number for density-dependent flow, in agreement with previous research. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, Contaminated Land Assessment & Remediat Res Ctr, Inst Infrastruct & Environm, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Dept Earth Sci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. CSIRO, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. US Geol Survey, Miami, FL 33178 USA. Geol Survey Bremen, Charlotte, NC 28211 USA. Hohai Univ, Ctr Ecoenvironm Modelling, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China. Univ Queensland, Sch Engn, Environm Engn Div, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Barry, DA (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, Contaminated Land Assessment & Remediat Res Ctr, Inst Infrastruct & Environm, Kings Bldg, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland. EM x.mao@ed.ac.uk; henning.prommer@csiro.au; a.barry@ed.ac.uk; langevin@usgs.gov; b.panteleit@nlfb.de; li_lingcj@hhu.edu.cn RI Prommer, Henning/A-4555-2008; Li, Ling/E-5632-2010; Barry, David/C-6077-2008 OI Prommer, Henning/0000-0002-8669-8184; Li, Ling/0000-0001-8725-1221; Barry, David/0000-0002-8621-0425 NR 87 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 21 IS 5 BP 615 EP 628 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.11.008 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 045VF UT WOS:000237770000003 ER PT J AU McMahon, PB Bolke, JK AF McMahon, PB Bolke, JK TI Regional patterns in the isotopic composition of natural and anthropogenic nitrate in groundwater, high plains, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; FRESH-WATER; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; DENITRIFICATION; AQUIFER; ORIGIN; DESERT; TEXAS; FRACTIONATION AB Mobilization of natural nitrate (NO(3)(-)) deposits in the subsoil by irrigation water in and and semiarid regions has the potential to produce large groundwater NO(3)(-) concentrations. The use of isotopes to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic NO(3)(-) sources in these settings could be complicated by the wide range in delta(15)N values of natural NO(3)(-). An similar to 10 000 year record of paleorecharge from the regionally extensive High Plains aquifer indicates that delta(15)N values for NO(3)(-) derived from natural sources ranged from 1.3 to 12.3 parts per thousand and increased systematically from the northern to the southern High Plains. This collective range in delta(15)N values spans the range that might be interpreted as evidence for fertilizer and animal-waste sources of NO(3)(-); however,the delta(15)N values for NO(3)(-) in modern recharge (< 50 years) under irrigated fields were, for the most part, distinctly different from those of paleorecharge when viewed in the overall regional context. An inverse relation was observed between the delta(15)N[NO(3)(-)] values and the NO(3)(-)/Cl(-) ratios in paleorecharge that is qualitatively consistent with fractionating losses of N increasing from north to south in the High Plains. N and 0 isotope data for NO(3)(-) are consistent with both NH(3) volatilization and denitrification, having contributed to fractionating losses of N prior to recharge. The relative importance of different isotope fractionating processes may be influenced by regional climate patterns as well as by local variation in soils, vegetation, topography, and moisture conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP McMahon, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM pmcmahon@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 9 BP 2965 EP 2970 DI 10.1021/es052229q PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 038TC UT WOS:000237251400024 PM 16719098 ER PT J AU Guy, CP Pinkney, AE Taylor, MH AF Guy, Christopher Paul Pinkney, Alfred Eli Taylor, Malcolm Herbert TI Effects of sediment-bound zinc contamination on early life stages of the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus L.) in the Christina watershed, Delaware, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE zinc; mummichog; sediment; embryo; larvae AB During the last century, the Christina River, the major estuarine river system in New Castle County (DE, USA), has received loadings of organic and inorganic chemicals, primarily from manufacturing facilities. Among the most abundant chemicals is zinc, which has accumulated in sediments at concentrations as high as 5,440 mg/kg. We studied the possible effects of zinc on early life stages of the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), a resident species in the river and watershed. We conducted three different types of exposures. The first was a 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) test with larvae exposed to waterborne zinc. The second was a larval exposure with zinc-spiked sediments (obtained from the relatively uncontaminated Magothy River in Anne Arundel County, MD, USA). The third was an embryo-larval exposure with Christina River sediments having a gradient of zinc concentrations. The average 96-h LC50 with newly hatched yolk sac larvae was 970 mu g/L. In the larval tests, the average 7- and 21-d LC50s were 1,154 and 1,012 mg/kg, respectively. In the embryo-larval test, no significant difference was found in survival at concentrations between 38.8 and 1,098 mg/kg. However, significant reductions were observed in condition factor at concentrations of 582, 799, and 1,098 mg/kg. We calculated an average no-observed-effects concentration of 579 mg/kg and an average lowest-observed-effects concentration of 849 mg/kg for larval survival. Based on these results, we suggest that zinc in the Christina River may be affecting early life stages of the mummichog. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Guy, CP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM chris-guy@fws.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1305 EP 1311 DI 10.1897/05-249R.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 082GB UT WOS:000240373600017 PM 16704062 ER PT J AU Guinand, B Scribner, KT Page, KS Filcek, K Main, L Burnham-Curtis, MK AF Guinand, Bruno Scribner, Kim T. Page, Kevin S. Filcek, Kristi Main, Laura Burnham-Curtis, Mary K. TI Effects of coancestry on accuracy of individual assignments to population of origin: examples using Great Lakes lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE assignment test; coancestry; gene correlations; inbreeding; lake trout ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; F-STATISTICS; MICROSATELLITES; TRUTTA; RELATEDNESS; FREQUENCIES; DISPERSAL AB Methods for assigning individuals to population of origin are widely used in ecological genetics, resources management, and forensics. Characteristics of genetic data obtained from putative source populations that enhance accuracy of assignment are well established. How non-independence within and among unknown individuals to be classified [i.e., gene correlations within individual (inbreeding) and gene correlations among individuals within group (coancestry)] affect assignment accuracy is poorly understood. We used empirical data for six microsatellite loci and offspring from full-sib crosses of hatchery strains of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush; Salmonidae) representing known levels of coancestry (mean theta = 0.006 and 0.06) within families to investigate how gene correlations can affect assignment. Additional simulations were conducted to further investigating the influence of allelic diversity (2, 6 or 10 alleles per locus) and inbreeding (F = 0.00, 0.05, and 0.15) on assignment accuracy for cases of low and high inter-population variance in allele frequency (mean F (st) = 0.01 and 0.1, respectively). Inbreeding had no effect on accuracy of assignments. In contrast, variance in assignment accuracy across replicated simulations, and for each empirical case study increased with increasing coancestry, reflecting non-independence of probabilities of correct assignment among members of kin groups. Empirical estimates of assignment error rates should be interpreted with caution if appreciable levels of coancestry are suspected. Additional emphasis should be placed on sampling designs (spatially and temporally) that define or minimize the potential for sampling related individuals. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. CNRS, UMR 5171, F-34200 Sete, France. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Brainerd, MN 56401 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Forens Lab, Ashland, OR USA. RP Guinand, B (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM guinand@univ-montp2.fr NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD MAY PY 2006 VL 127 IS 1-3 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s10709-005-5365-9 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 065MV UT WOS:000239164900030 PM 16850237 ER PT J AU Kolodner, K Avigad, D McWilliams, M Wooden, JL Weissbrod, T Feinstein, S AF Kolodner, K Avigad, D McWilliams, M Wooden, JL Weissbrod, T Feinstein, S TI Provenance of north Gondwana Cambrian-Ordovician sandstone: U-PbSHRIMP dating of detrital zircons from Israel and Jordan SO GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE zircon; Cambrian-Ordovician; Arabian-Nubian Shield; provenance ID EAST-AFRICAN OROGEN; ARABIAN-NUBIAN SHIELD; CRUSTAL EVOLUTION; PROTEROZOIC CRUST; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; SINAI PENINSULA; SNOWBALL EARTH; GEOCHRONOLOGY; EGYPT; SUDAN AB A vast sequence of quartz-rich sandstone was deposited over North Africa and Arabia during Early Palaeozoic times, in the aftermath of Neoproterozoic Pan-African orogeny and the amalgamation of Gondwana. This rock sequence forms a relatively thin sheet (1-3 km thick) that was transported over a very gentle slope and deposited over a huge area. The sense of transport indicates unroofing of Gondwana terranes but the exact provenance of the siliciclastic deposit remains unclear. Detrital zircons from Cambrian arkoses that immediately overlie the Neoproterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield in Israel and Jordan yielded Neoproterozoic U-Pb ages (900-530 Ma), suggesting derivation from a proximal source such as the Arabian-Nubian Shield. A minor fraction of earliest Neoproterozoic and older age zircons was also detected. Upward in the section, the proportion of old zircons increases and reaches a maximum (40 %) in the Ordovician strata of Jordan. The major earliest Neoproterozoic and older age groups detected are 0.95-1.1, 1.8-1.9 and 2.65-2.7 Ga, among which the 0.95-1.1 Ga group is ubiquitous and makes up as much as 27 % in the Ordovician of Jordan, indicating it is a prominent component of the detrital zircon age spectra of northeast Gondwana. The pattern of zircon ages obtained in the present work reflects progressive blanketing of the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield by Cambrian-Ordovician sediments and an increasing contribution from a more distal source, possibly south of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. The significant changes in the zircon age signal reflect many hundreds of kilometres of southward migration of the provenance. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Environm Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Kolodner, K (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM kerenk@vms.huji.ac.il RI McWilliams, Michael/A-9548-2011 OI McWilliams, Michael/0000-0002-4107-7069 NR 63 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0016-7568 J9 GEOL MAG JI Geol. Mag. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 143 IS 3 BP 367 EP 391 DI 10.1017/S0016756805001640 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 058NS UT WOS:000238672300006 ER PT J AU Baldwin, WE Morton, RA Putney, TR Katuna, MP Harris, MS Gayes, PT Driscoll, NW Denny, JF Schwab, WC AF Baldwin, WE Morton, RA Putney, TR Katuna, MP Harris, MS Gayes, PT Driscoll, NW Denny, JF Schwab, WC TI Migration of the Pee Dee River system inferred from ancestral paleochannels underlying the South Carolina Grand Strand and Long Bay inner shelf SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Coastal Plain; continental shelf; paleochannels; coastal sedimentation; sea-level changes; paleogeographic maps ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; NORTH-CAROLINA; USA; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; STRATIGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; SHOREFACE AB Several generations of the ancestral Pee Dee River system have been mapped beneath the South Carolina Grand Strand coastline and adjacent Long Bay inner shelf. Deep boreholes onshore and high-resolution seismic-reflection data offshore allow for reconstruction of these paleochannels, which formed during glacial lowstands, when the Pee Dee River system incised subaerially exposed coastal-plain and continental-shelf strata. Paleochannel groups, representing different generations of the system, decrease in age to the southwest, where the modern Pee Dee River merges with several coastal-plain tributaries at Winyah Bay, the southern terminus of Long Bay. Positions of the successive generational groups record a regional, southwestward migration of the river system that may have initiated during the late Pliocene. The migration was primarily driven by barrier-island deposition, resulting from the interaction of fluvial and shoreline processes during eustatic highstands. Structurally driven, subsurface paleotopography associated with the Mid-Carolina Platform High has also indirectly assisted in forcing this migration. These results provide a better understanding of the evolution of the region and help explain the lack of mobile sediment on the Long Bay inner shelf. Migration of the river system caused a profound change in sediment supply during the late Pleistocene. The abundant fluvial source that once fed sand-rich barrier islands was cut off and replaced with a limited source, supplied by erosion and reworking of former coastal deposits exposed at the shore and on the inner shelf. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. Coastal Carolina Univ, Ctr Marine & Wetland Studies, Conway, SC 29526 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Baldwin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM wbaldwin@usgs.gov; rmorton@usgs.gov; trputney@bell-south.net; katunam@cofe.edu; msharris@coastal.edu; ptgayes@coastal.edu; ndriscoll@ucsd.edu; jdenny@usgs.gov; bschwab@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 118 IS 5-6 BP 533 EP 549 DI 10.1130/B25856.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 039MO UT WOS:000237310200002 ER PT J AU Adams, NK Houghton, BF Fagents, SA Hildreth, W AF Adams, NK Houghton, BF Fagents, SA Hildreth, W TI The transition from explosive to effusive eruptive regime: The example of the 1912 Novarupta eruption, Alaska SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE lava domes; plugs; vesicles; microtextures; bubble collapse; decoupled degassing; Novarupta 1912 ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; TRANSIENT VOLCANIC EXPLOSIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION CSD; KATMAI-NATIONAL-PARK; LAVA DOME; DECOMPRESSION EXPERIMENTS; PLINIAN ERUPTIONS; PYROCLASTIC FLOWS; SILICIC VOLCANISM; CYCLIC ACTIVITY AB The shift from explosive to effusive silicic volcanism seen in many historical eruptions reflects a change in the style of degassing of erupted magma. This paper focuses on such a transition during the largest eruption of the twentieth century, the 1912 eruption of Novarupta. The transition is recorded in a dacite block bed, which covers an elliptical area of 4 km(2) around the vent. Approximately 700 studied blocks fall into four main lithologic categories: (1) pumiceous, (2) dense, (3) flow-banded dacites, and (4) welded breccias. Textural analyses of the blocks indicate portions of the melt underwent highly variable degrees of outgassing. Vesicle populations show features characteristic of bubble coalescence and collapse. A decrease in measured vesicularity and increased evidence for bubble collapse compared with pumice from earlier Plinian episodes mark the transition from closed- to open-system degassing. Block morphology and textures strongly suggest the magma was first erupted as a relatively gas-rich lava dome/plug, but incomplete outgassing led to explosive disruption. Heterogeneous degassing of ascending magma began in Plinian Episode III and resulted in instability during Episode IV dome growth and a (series of) Vulcanian explosion(s). Modeling of the dynamics of explosion initiation and ejecta dispersal indicates that a significant concentration in gas is required to produce the explosions responsible for the observed block field dispersal. The amount of gas available in the hot pumiceous dome material appears to have been inadequate to drive the explosion(s); therefore, external water most likely contributed to the destruction. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Adams, NK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1680 East W Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM nanadams@soest.hawaii.edu RI Fagents, Sarah/B-3983-2014 NR 68 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 118 IS 5-6 BP 620 EP 634 DI 10.1130/B25768.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 039MO UT WOS:000237310200008 ER PT J AU Davis, NK Iii, WWL Pierce, KL Finkel, RC AF Davis, NK Iii, WWL Pierce, KL Finkel, RC TI Glacial Lake Musselshell: Late Wisconsin slackwater on the Laurentide ice margin in central Montana, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glacial Lake Musselshell; Laurentide ice sheet; erratics; slackwater; cosmogenic dating; central Montana; Missouri River ID SOUTHWESTERN ALBERTA; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; SOUTHERN ALBERTA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; PRAIRIE DOG; QUARTZ; BE-10; SHEET; AL-26 AB Cosmogenic surface exposure ages of glacial boulders deposited in ice-marginal Lake Musselshell suggest that the lake existed between 20 and 11.5 ka during the Late Wisconsin glacial stage (MIS 2), rather than during the Late Illinoian stage (MIS 6) as traditionally thought. The altitude of the highest ice-rafted boulders and the lowest passes on the modem divide indicate that glacial lake water in the Musselshell River basin reached at least 920-930 m above sea level and generally remained below 940 in. Exposures of rhythmically bedded silt and fine sand indicate that Lake Musselshell is best described as a slackwater system, in which the ice-dammed Missouri and Musselshell Rivers rose and fell progressively throughout the existence of the lake rather than establishing a lake surface with a stable elevation. The absence of varves, deltas and shorelines also implies an unstable lake. The changing volume of the lake implies that the Laurentide ice sheet was not stable at its southernmost position in central Montana. A continuous sequence of alternating slackwater lake sediment and lacustrine sheetflood deposits indicates that at least three advances of the Laurentide ice sheet occurred in central Montana between 20 and 11.5 ka. Between each advance, it appears that Lake Musselshell drained to the north and formed two outlet channels that are now occupied by extremely underfit streams. A third outlet formed when the water in Lake Musselshell fully breached the Larb Hills, resulting in the final drainage of the lake. The channel through the Larb Hills is now occupied by the Missouri River, implying that the present Missouri River channel east of the Musselshell River confluence was not created until the Late Wisconsin, possibly as late as 11.5 ka. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Davis, NK (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM davisn3@uc.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 75 IS 3-4 BP 330 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.021 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 045RU UT WOS:000237760600005 ER PT J AU Carter, DT Ely, LL O'Connor, JE Fenton, CR AF Carter, Deron T. Ely, Lisa L. O'Connor, Jim E. Fenton, Cassandra R. TI Late Pleistocene outburst flooding from pluvial Lake Alvord into the Owyhee River, Oregon SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lake Alvord; pluvial; outburst flood; paleohydrology ID MISSOULA FLOODS; LAHONTAN HIGHSTAND; WASHINGTON; HISTORY; TEPHRA; IDAHO; AGE AB At least one large, late Pleistocene flood traveled into the Owyhee River as a result of a rise and subsequent outburst from pluvial Lake Alvord in southeastern Oregon. Lake Alvord breached Big Sand Gap in its eastern rim after reaching an elevation of 1292 in, releasing 11.3 km(3) of water into the adjacent Coyote Basin as it eroded the Big Sand Gap outlet channel to an elevation of about 1280 m. The outflow filled and then spilled out of Coyote Basin through two outlets at 1278 in and into Crooked Creek drainage, ultimately flowing into the Owyhee and Snake Rivers. Along Crooked Creek, the resulting flood eroded canyons, stripped bedrock surfaces, and deposited numerous boulder bars containing imbricated clasts up to 4.1 m in diameter, some of which are located over 30 in above the present-day channel. Critical depth calculations at Big Sand Gap show that maximum outflow from a 1292- to 1280-m drop in Lake Alvord was similar to 10,000 m(3) s(-1). Flooding became confined to a single channel approximately 40 kin downstream of Big Sand Gap, where step-backwater calculations show that a much larger peak discharge of 40,000 in 3 s-1 is required to match the highest geologic evidence of the flood in this channel. This inconsistency can be explained by (1) a single 10,000 m(3) s(-1) flood that caused at least 13 m of vertical incision in the channel (hence enlarging the channel cross-section); (2) multiple floods of 10,000 m(3) s(-1) or less, each producing some incision of the channel; or (3) an earlier flood of 40,000 m3 s(-1) creating the highest flood deposits and crossed drainage divides observed along Crooked Creek drainage, followed by a later 10,000 m(3) s(-1) flood associated with the most recent shorelines in Alvord and Coyote Basins. Well-developed shorelines of Lake Alvord at 1280 in and in Coyote Basin at 1278 in suggest that after the initial flood, postflood overflow persisted for an extended period, connecting Alvord and Coyote Basins with the Owyhee River of the Columbia River drainage. Surficial weathering characteristics and planktonic freshwater diatoms in Lake Alvord sediment stratigraphically below Mt. St. Helens set Sg tephra, suggest deep open-basin conditions at similar to 13-14 ka ((14)C yr) and that the flood and prominent shorelines date to about this time. But geomorphic and sedimentological evidence also show that Alvord and Coyote Basins held older, higher-elevation lakes that may have released earlier floods down Crooked Creek. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA USA. US Geol Survey, Portland, OR USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Carter, DT (reprint author), Western Oregon Univ, Dept Earth & Phys Sci, Monmouth, OR 97361 USA. EM carterd@wou.edu OI Fenton, Cassandra/0000-0002-2989-3629 NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 75 IS 3-4 BP 346 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.023 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 045RU UT WOS:000237760600006 ER PT J AU Mars, JC Rowan, LC AF Mars, John C. Rowan, Lawrence C. TI Regional mapping of phyllic- and argillic-altered rocks in the Zagros magmatic arc, Iran, using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and logical operator algorithms SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE ASTER; remote sensing; porphyry copper; hydrothermal alteration; Iran ID PORPHYRY COPPER-DEPOSITS; NEVADA; IMAGES; DISCRIMINATION; PERFORMANCE; EVOLUTION; CUPRITE; SYSTEM; AREA AB A method for regional mapping of phyllic and argillic hydrothermally altered rocks using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer ( ASTER) data was developed and tested at the Cuprite, Nevada, calibration and validation site, and then extensively used in the Zagros magmatic arc in Iran, which consists of the High Zagros and Jebal Barez Mountains, and the Bazman volcanic area. Logical operator algorithms were developed to perform multiple band ratio and threshold value calculations, which can be applied to a scene using a single algorithm, thus eliminating separate production and application of vegetation and dark pixel masks. Argillic and phyllic band-ratio logical operators use band ratios that define the 2.17 mu m and 2.20 mu m absorption features to map kaolinite and alunite, which are typical in argillic-altered rocks, and muscovite, which is a common mineral in phyllic-altered rocks. Regional mapping of the Zagros magmatic arc using the logical operators illustrates distinctive patterns of argillic and phyllic rocks that can be associated with regional structural features and tectonic processes, and that can be used in regional mineral assessments. Semicircular patterns, 1 - 5 km in diameter, of mapped phyllic- and argillic-altered rocks are typically associated with Eocene to Miocene intrusive igneous rocks, some of which host known porphyry copper deposits, such as at Meiduk and Sar Cheshmeh. Linear phyllic- altered rock patterns associated with extensive faults and fractures indicate potential epithermal or polymetallic vein deposits. On the basis of argillic and phyllic alteration patterns, similar to 50 potential porphyry copper deposits were mapped northwest of the Zagros-Makran transform zone in an eroded, exhumed, and dormant part of the magmatic arc, whereas only 11 potential porphyry copper deposits were mapped to the southeast of the transform, in the volcanically active part of the magmatic arc. The Zagros-Makran transform zone, which separates the volcanically dormant and active parts of the Zagros magmatic arc, exhibits extensive linear patterns of phyllic-altered rocks that indicate the potential for polymetallic-epithermal vein deposits. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Mars, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA USA. EM jmars@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 78 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD MAY PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3 BP 161 EP 186 DI 10.1130/GES00044.1 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167VL UT WOS:000246480500004 ER PT J AU Walker, CE Pan, YD AF Walker, CE Pan, YD TI Using diatom assemblages to assess urban stream conditions SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE canonical correspondence analysis; TWINSPAN; urban-to-rural gradient; bioassessment; diatoms ID LAND-USE; URBANIZATION; SYSTEMS; RIVER; COMMUNITIES; INDICATORS; PERIPHYTON; CATCHMENT; GRADIENTS; GEOLOGY AB We characterized changes in diatom assemblages along an urban-to-rural gradient to assess impacts of urbanization on stream conditions. Diatoms, water chemistry, and physical variables of riffles at 19 urban and 28 rural stream sites were sampled and assessed during the summer base flow period. Near stream land use was characterized using GIS. In addition, one urban and one rural site were sampled monthly throughout a year to assess temporal variation of diatom assemblages between the urban and rural stream sites. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the 1st ordination axis distinctly separated rural and urban sites. This axis was correlated with conductivity (r = 0.75) and % near-stream commercial/industrial land use (r = 0.55). TWINSPAN classified all sites into four groups based on diatom assemblages. These diatom-based site groups were significantly different in water chemistry (e.g., conductivity, dissolved nutrients), physical habitat (e.g., % stream substrate as fines), and near-stream land use. CCA on the temporal diatom data set showed that diatom assemblages had high seasonal variation along the 2nd axis in both urban and rural sites, however, rural and urban sites were well separated along the 1st ordination axis. Our results suggest that changes in diatom assemblages respond to urban impacts on stream conditions. C1 Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. USGS, Columbia River Res Lab, Reston, VA USA. RP Walker, CE (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM cwalker@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 21 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAY PY 2006 VL 561 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1007/s10750-005-1613-3 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 026YW UT WOS:000236380500014 ER PT J AU Reddy, MM Schuster, P Kendall, C Reddy, MB AF Reddy, MM Schuster, P Kendall, C Reddy, MB TI Characterization of surface and ground water delta O-18 seasonal variation and its use for estimating groundwater residence times SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE surface water; groundwater; delta O-18; seasonal variations; groundwater residence time ID NORTH CENTRAL MINNESOTA; CLOSED-BASIN LAKE; DEUTERIUM CONCENTRATIONS; WILLIAMS LAKE; O-18; CATCHMENTS; WETLANDS; BALANCE; TRITIUM; MODELS AB O-18 is an ideal tracer for characterizing hydrological processes because it can be reliably measured in several watershed hydrological compartments. Here, we present multiyear isotopic data, i.e. O-18 variations (delta O-18), for precipitation inputs, surface water and groundwater in the Shingobee River Headwaters Area (SRHA), a well-instrumented research catchment in north-central Minnesota. SRHA surface waters exhibit delta O-18 seasonal variations similar to those of groundwaters, and seasonal O-18 variations plotted versus time fit seasonal sine functions. These seasonal delta O-18 variations were interpreted to estimate surface water and groundwater mean residence times (MRTs) at sampling locations near topographically closed-basin lakes. MRT variations of about 1 to 16 years have been estimated over an area covering about 9 km(2) from the basin boundary to the most downgradient well. Estimated MRT error ( +/- 0.3 to +/- 0.7 years) is small for short MRTs and is much larger ( +/- 10 years) for a well with an MRT (16 years) near the limit of the method. Groundwater transit time estimates based on Darcy's law, tritium content, and the seasonal delta O-18 amplitude approach appear to be consistent within the limits of each method. The results from this study suggest that use of the delta O-18 seasonal variation method to determine MRTs can help assess groundwater recharge areas in small headwaters catchments. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Div Water Resources, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Roche Palo Alto LLC, Drug Metab & Pharmacokinet Nonclin Sci, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Reddy, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Div Water Resources, Mail Stop 418, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mmreddy@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1753 EP 1772 DI 10.1002/hyp.5953 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 044XO UT WOS:000237707100006 ER PT J AU Gillette, DP Tiemann, JS Edds, DR Wildhaber, ML AF Gillette, DP Tiemann, JS Edds, DR Wildhaber, ML TI Habitat use by a Midwestern USA riverine fish assemblage: effects of season, water temperature and river discharge SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dynamic landscape model; river discharge; river fishes; water depth; water flow; water temperature ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN STREAM; MICROHABITAT USE; PREDATION RISK; BROWN TROUT; OZARK STREAM; TEMPORAL VARIATION; PATCH SELECTION; RAINBOW-TROUT; DIEL ACTIVITY; PATTERNS AB The hypothesis that temperate stream fishes alter habitat use in response to changing water temperature and stream discharge was evaluated over a 1 year period in the Neosho River, Kansas, U.S.A. at two spatial scales. Winter patterns differed from those of all other seasons, with shallower water used less frequently, and low-flow habitat more frequently, than at other times. Non-random habitat use was more frequent at the point scale (4.5 m(2)) than at the larger reach scale (20-40 m), although patterns at both scales were similar. Relative to available habitats, assemblages used shallower, swifter-flowing water as temperature increased, and shallower, slower-flowing water as river discharge increased. River discharge had a stronger effect on assemblage habitat use than water temperature. Proportion of juveniles in the assemblage did not have a significant effect. This study suggests that many riverine fishes shift habitats in response to changing environmental conditions, and supports, at the assemblage level, the paradigm of lotic fishes switching from shallower, high-velocity habitats in summer to deeper, low-velocity habitats in winter, and of using shallower, low-velocity habitats during periods of high discharge. Results also indicate that different species within temperate river fish assemblages show similar habitat use patterns at multiple scales in response to environmental gradients, but that non-random use of available habitats is more frequent at small scales. (c) 2006 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Emporia State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Gillette, DP (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, 730 Vleet Oval,Room 314, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM dgillette@ou.edu NR 64 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1494 EP 1512 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.010373.x PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 040ZK UT WOS:000237422200015 ER PT J AU Osmundson, DB AF Osmundson, DB TI Proximate causes of sexual size dimorphism in Colorado pikeminnow, a long-lived cyprinid SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age at first reproduction; Colorado pikeminnow; growth rate; Ptychocheilus lucius; sex ratio; sexual size dimorphism ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; PTYCHOCHEILUS-LUCIUS; LIFE-HISTORY; GREEN RIVER; BODY SIZE; SQUAWFISH; EVOLUTION; FISH; REPRODUCTION; FECUNDITY AB Evidence for sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and its possible causes were examined in the endangered Colorado pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius, a large, piscivorous, cyprinid endemic to the Colorado River system of North America. Individuals representing 18-24% of the upper Colorado River population were captured, measured, sexed and released in 1999 and 2000. Differing male and female total length-(L-T) frequency distributions revealed SSD with females having greater mean and maximum sizes than males. Although both sexes exhibit indeterminate post-maturity growth, growth trajectories differed. The point of trajectory divergence was not established, but slowed male growth might coincide with the onset of maturation. Differing growth rate was the dominant proximate cause of SSD, accounting for an estimated 61% of the observed difference in mean adult L-T. The degree of SSD in adults, however, was also related to two other factors. Evidence suggests males become sexually active at a smaller size and earlier age than females; a 2 year difference, suggested here, accounted for an estimated 12% of the between-sex difference in mean adult L-T. Temporal shifts in gender-specific survival accounted for an additional 27% of the observed between-sex difference in mean adult L-T. Estimated age distributions indicated a higher number of older females than older males and more younger males than younger females in the population during the period of sampling. Dissimilarity of age distributions was an unexpected result because the male : female population sex ratio was 1 : 1 and estimates of long-term annual survival for adult males and females were equal (88%). Future assessments of SSD in this population are apt to vary depending on the prior history of short-term gender-specific survival. Without recognizing SSD, non-gender-specific growth curves overestimate mean age of adult females and underestimate mean age of adult males of given L-T. Assuming age 8 years for first reproduction in males and age 10 years for females, the adult male : female ratio was estimated as 1.1 : 1 and mean adult age, or generation time, was estimated as 16.4 years for males and 18.4 years for females. (c) 2006 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. RP Osmundson, DB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, 764 Horizon Dr,Bldg B, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. EM doug_osmundson@fws.gov NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1563 EP 1588 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01043.x PG 26 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 040ZK UT WOS:000237422200019 ER PT J AU Cetin, KO Seed, RB Kiureghian, AD Tokimatsu, K Harder, LF Kayen, RE Moss, RES AF Cetin, KO Seed, RB Kiureghian, AD Tokimatsu, K Harder, LF Kayen, RE Moss, RES TI Closure to "Standard penetration test-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction potential" by K. Onder Cetin, Raymond B. Seed, Armen Der Kiureghian, Kohji Tokimatsu, Leslie F. Harder Jr., Robert E. Kayen, and Robert E. S. Moss SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESISTANCE C1 Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ankara, Turkey. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Architecture & Bldg Engn, Tokyo, Japan. Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Engn, Sacramento, CA USA. Fugro W Inc, Ventura, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Cetin, KO (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ankara, Turkey. EM onder@ce.metu.edu.tr RI Moss, Robb/N-7376-2014 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 667 EP 669 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:12(1314) PG 3 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 035GG UT WOS:000236988000016 ER PT J AU Pause, KC Bonde, RK McGuire, PM Zori, RT Gray, BA AF Pause, KC Bonde, RK McGuire, PM Zori, RT Gray, BA TI G-banded karyotype and ideogram for the north atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOMES C1 Univ Florida, Cytogenet Lab, Div Genet, Dept Pediat, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. US Geol Survey, Sirenia Project, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Gray, BA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Cytogenet Lab, Div Genet, Dept Pediat, Box 100296 UFHSC, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM grayba@peds.ufl.edu OI Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 97 IS 3 BP 303 EP 306 DI 10.1093/jhered/esj033 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 056PQ UT WOS:000238538000016 PM 16598035 ER PT J AU Cope, WG Bartsch, MR Hightower, JE AF Cope, WG Bartsch, MR Hightower, JE TI Population dynamics of zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) during the initial invasion of the Upper Mississippi River, USA SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID LAKE ST-CLAIR; GREAT-LAKES; NORTH-AMERICA; SHELL GROWTH; PREDATION; FISHES; ERIE; FREQUENCY; ECOLOGY; IMPACT AB The aim of this study was to document and model the population dynamics of zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) in Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), USA, for five consecutive years (1992-1996) following their initial discovery in September 1991. Artificial substrates (concrete blocks, 0.49 m(2) surface area) were deployed on or around the first of May at two sites within each of two habitat types (main channel border and contiguous backwater). Blocks were removed monthly (30 +/- 10 d) from the end of May to the end of October to obtain density and growth information. Some blocks deployed in May 1995 were retrieved in April 1996 to obtain information about over-winter growth and survival. The annual density of zebra mussels in Pool 8 of the UMR increased from 3.5/m(2) in 1992 to 14,956/m(2) in 1996. The average May-October growth rate of newly recruited individuals, based on a von Bertalanffy growth model fitted to monthly shell-length composition data, was 0.11 mm/d. Model estimates of the average survival rate varied from 21 to 100% per month. Estimated recruitment varied substantially among months, with highest levels occurring in September-October of 1994 and 1996, and in July of 1995. Recruitment and density in both habitat types increased by two orders of magnitude in 1996. Follow-up studies will be necessary to assess the long-term stability of zebra mussel populations in the UMR; this study provides the critical baseline information needed for those future comparisons. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cope, WG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM greg_cope@ncsu.edu OI Bartsch, Michelle/0000-0002-9571-5564 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 72 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1093/mollus/eyi063 PN 2 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 039QJ UT WOS:000237321000008 ER PT J AU Meeuwig, MH Bayer, JM Reiche, RA AF Meeuwig, MH Bayer, JM Reiche, RA TI Morphometric discrimination of early life stage Lampetra tridentata and L. richardsoni (Petromyzonidae) from the Columbia River Basin SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE morphology; lamprey; embryo; larva; identification; taxonomy ID LAMPREY AB The effectiveness of morphometric and meristic characteristics for taxonomic discrimination of Lampetra tridentata and L. richardsoni (Petromyzonidae) during embryological, prolarval, and early larval stages (i.e., age class 1) were examined. Mean chorion diameter increased with time from fertilization to hatch and was significantly greater for L. tridentata than for L. richardsoni at 1, 8, and 15 days postfertilization. Lampetra tridentata larvae had significantly more trunk myomeres than L. richardsoni; however, trunk myomere numbers were highly variable within species and deviated from previously published data. Multivariate examinations of prolarval and larval L. tridentata (7.2-11.0 mm; standard length) and L. richardsoni (6.6-10.8 mm) were conducted based on standard length and truss element lengths established from eight homologous landmarks. Principal components analysis indicated allometric relationships among the morphometric characteristics examined. Changes in body shape were indicated by groupings of morphometric characteristics associated with body regions (e.g., oral hood, branchial region, trunk region, and tail region). Discriminant function analysis using morphometric characteristics was successful in classifying a large proportion (> 94.7%) of the lampreys sampled. J. Morphol. 267:623-633, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA USA. RP Meeuwig, MH (reprint author), Montana State Univ, MT Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM mmeeuwig@montana.edu NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 267 IS 5 BP 623 EP 633 DI 10.1002/jmor.10427 PG 11 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 035BP UT WOS:000236975100009 PM 16475192 ER PT J AU Hoare, RD Pojeta, J AF Hoare, RD Pojeta, J TI Ordovician polyplacophora (mollusca) from North America SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PALEOZOIC POLYPLACOPHORA; EARLY HISTORY; GOTLAND; CHITONS; SWEDEN; DIVERSIFICATION; CHELODES; TEXAS AB Abundant silicified polyplacophorans from numerous localities in the Ordovician in Kentucky and other localities in Virginia, Wisconsin, and Minnesota are described systematically. New species are: Spicuchelodes cressmani, Calceochiton floweri. Preacanthochilon baueri, Orthriochiton recavus, Helminthochiton blacki. H. marginatus, and Alastega martini; new genera and species are: Listrochiton weiri, Litochiton crebatus, and Amblytochiton incomptus; and new families are Litochitonidae and Alastegiidae. Hemithecella expansa Ulrich and Bridge in Butts. 1941 and Chelodes cf. C. mirabilis (Butts, 1926). from the Chepultepec Formation in Virginia are also described. Comparisons are made with Chelodes whitehousei Runneggar, Pojeta, Taylor, and Collins, 1979 from Australia and Calceochiton hachitae Flower, 1968 from New Mexico. C1 Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Geol, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hoare, RD (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Geol, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. NR 125 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 80 IS 3 SU S BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[1:OPMFNA]2.0.CO;2 PG 27 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 037EK UT WOS:000237129300001 ER PT J AU Roeder, P Gofton, E Thornber, C AF Roeder, P Gofton, E Thornber, C TI Cotectic proportions of olivine and spinel in olivine-tholeiitic basalt and evaluation of pre-eruptive processes SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE olivine; spinel; basalt glass; volume %; cotectic ID PUU OO ERUPTION; KILAUEA VOLCANO; CHROMIAN SPINEL; COMPOSITIONAL VARIATIONS; MAGMATIC PROCESSES; OXYGEN FUGACITY; SW ICELAND; CRYSTALLIZATION; HAWAII; LAVAS AB The volume %, distribution, texture and composition of coexisting olivine, Cr-spinel and glass has been determined in quenched lava samples from Hawaii, Iceland and mid-oceanic ridges. The volume ratio of olivine to spinel varies from 60 to 2800 and samples with > 0.02% spinel have a volume ratio of olivine to spinel of approximately 100. A plot of wt % MgO vs ppm Cr for natural and experimental basaltic glasses suggests that the general trend of the glasses can be explained by the crystallization of a cotectic ratio of olivine to spinel of about 100. One group of samples has an olivine to spinel ratio of approximately 100, with skeletal olivine phenocrysts and small (< 50 mu m) spinel crystals that tend to be spatially associated with the olivine phenocrysts. The large number of spinel crystals included within olivine phenocrysts is thought to be due to skeletal olivine phenocrysts coming into physical contact with spinel by synneusis during the chaotic conditions of ascent and extrusion. A second group of samples tend to have large olivine phenocrysts relatively free of included spinel, a few large (> 100 mu m) spinel crystals that show evidence of two stages of growth, and a volume ratio of olivine to spinel of 100 to well over 1000. The olivine and spinel in this group have crystallized more slowly with little physical interaction, and show evidence that they have accumulated in a magma chamber. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Roeder, P (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM roeder@geol.queensu.ca OI Thornber, Carl/0000-0002-6382-4408 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 47 IS 5 BP 883 EP 900 DI 10.1093/petrology/egi099 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 027RI UT WOS:000236432600002 ER PT J AU Gerald, FW Eaton, LS Yanosky, TM Turner, EJ AF Wieczorek, Gerald F. Eaton, L. Scott Yanosky, Thomas M. Turner, Eric J. TI Hurricane-induced landslide activity on an alluvial fan along Meadow Run, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia (eastern USA) SO LANDSLIDES LA English DT Article DE landslides; Hurricane Isabel; dendrochronology; retrogressive; stream erosion; USA; Virginia; Shenandoah Valley ID BLUE RIDGE AB Although intense rainfall and localized flooding occurred as Hurricane Isabel tracked inland northwestardly across the Blue Ridge Mountains of central Virginia on September 18-19, 2003, few landslides occurred. However, the hurricane reactivated a dormant landslide along a bluff of an incised alluvial fan along Meadow Run on the western flanks of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Subsequent monitoring showed retrogressive movement involving several landslide blocks for the next several months. Using dendrochronology, aerial photography, and stream discharge records revealed periods of landslide activity. The annual variation of growth rings on trees within the landslide suggested previous slope instability in 1937, 1972, 1993, 1997, and 1999, which correlated with periods of local flood events. The avulsive and migrating nature of Meadow Run, combined with strong erosional force potential during flood stages, indicates that landslides are common along the bluff-channel bank interface, locally posing landslide hazards to relatively few structures within this farming region. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Gerald, FW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM gwieczor@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-510X EI 1612-5118 J9 LANDSLIDES JI Landslides PD MAY PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s10346--0029-5 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 051NB UT WOS:000238166700002 ER PT J AU Singer, DA AF Singer, Donald A. TI Typing mineral deposits using their associated rocks, grades and tonnages using a probabilistic neural network SO MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE classification; mineral-deposit models; mineral-resource assessment AB A probabilistic neural network is employed to classify 1610 mineral deposits into 18 types using tonnage, average Cu, Mo, Ag, Au, Zn, and Pb grades, and six generalized rock types. The purpose is to examine whether neural networks might serve for integrating geoscience information available in large mineral databases to classify sites by deposit type. Successful classifications of 805 deposits not used in training-87% with grouped porphyry copper deposits-and the nature of misclassifications demonstrate the power of probabilistic neural networks and the value of quantitative mineral-deposit models. The results also suggest that neural networks can classify deposits as well as experienced economic geologists. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Singer, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM singer@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0882-8121 J9 MATH GEOL JI Math. Geol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 465 EP 474 DI 10.1007/s11004-005-9023-7 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA 116VA UT WOS:000242830400004 ER PT J AU Maki, KL Hoenig, JM Olney, JE AF Maki, Kristin L. Hoenig, John M. Olney, John E. TI Comparing historical catch rates of American shad in multifilament and monofilament nets: A step toward setting restoration targets for Virginia stocks SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Recreational and commercial harvest of American shad Alosa sapidissima in the Virginia waters of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries has been prohibited since 1994. The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Shad and River Herring Management Plan requires that Virginia develop restoration targets for its shad populations, but estimates of their sizes are not available and there is little information about historic population levels. Thus, establishing restoration targets based on population size is problematic. A current spawning stock monitoring program yields catch rate information that can be compared with historic catch rate information recorded in commercial fishery logbooks from the 1950s and the 1980s. However, multifilament gill nets were used in the 1950s and monofilament nets were used in the 1980s (as well as in the current monitoring program). A Latin square design was employed to test the differences in relative fishing power of the two gear types over 2 years of seasonal sampling on the York River, Virginia, Estimates are that the monofilament nets are roughly twice as efficient as the multifilament nets. Reported catch rates in the 1950s and 1980s are roughly equivalent. However, when adjustments are made for the differences in fishing gear, catch rates for the 1950s are twice as high as those during the 1980s. These results provide valuable information for setting restoration targets for Virginia stocks of American shad. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Maki, KL (reprint author), Post Buckley Schuh & Jernigan, 5300 W Cypruss St,Suite 300, Tampa, FL 33607 USA. EM klmaki@pbsj.com NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 282 EP 288 DI 10.1577/M05-025.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 064ZY UT WOS:000239130400003 ER PT J AU Allert, AL Fairchild, JF May, TW Sappington, LC Darnall, N Wilson, M AF Allert, Ann L. Fairchild, James F. May, Tom W. Sappington, Linda C. Darnall, Nathan Wilson, Maureen TI Using on-site bioassays to determine selenium risk to propagated endangered fishes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; CHASMISTES-LIORUS; TOXICITY; SUCKER AB The Utah Reclamation, Mitigation and Conservation Commission is determining the feasibility of establishing a hatchery and grow-out facility for endangered June suckers Chasmistes liorus at Goshen Warm Springs, Utah. A survey of water quality indicated that selenium and other contaminants may be of concern at Goshen Warm Springs. We conducted an ecotoxicological study with three objectives: (1) to determine the growth rates of juvenile June suckers in two ponds (Lily Pond and North Pond) at Goshen Warm Springs and in Utah Lake, (2) to determine the uptake and depuration rates of selenium in juvenile June suckers, and (3) to evaluate linmological factors that may influence growth and selenium accumulation in June suckers. Fish growth was significantly greater at Utah Lake and North Pond than at Lily Pond or under current hatchery conditions. At the end of the uptake phase of the study (day 87), selenium concentrations in June suckers from Lily Pond, North Pond, and Utah Lake were 1.62, 1.90, and 1.32 mu g/g of dry weight, respectively. Selenium uptake in June suckers was statistically significant at Lily Pond (0.005 mu g(.)g(-1.)d(-1)), North Pond (0.010 mu g(.)g(-1.)d(-1)), and Utah Lake (0.003 mu g(.)g(-1.)d(-1)). At day 87, the fish were transferred to well water for selenium depuration. Significant selenium depuration occurred after the transfer of June suckers to clean water. Results indicated that selenium bioaccumulated to statistically significant levels at both Lily and North ponds. However, these concentrations are not likely to be of concern because they are not known to cause chronic toxicity. Depuration experiments indicated that June suckers stocked into Utah Lake would eliminate accumulated selenium residues within 3 months. Results indicated that Goshen Warm Springs could be used for fish propagation. In addition, further evaluation of Utah Lake as an interim hatchery site for June suckers should be considered. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. Utah Reclamat Mitigat & Conservat Commiss, Salt Lake City, UT 84101 USA. RP Allert, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM aallert@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 308 EP 316 DI 10.1577/M05-063.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 064ZY UT WOS:000239130400006 ER PT J AU Tiffan, KF Clark, LO Garland, RD Rondorf, DW AF Tiffan, Kenneth F. Clark, Loreley O. Garland, Rodney D. Rondorf, Dennis W. TI Variables influencing the presence of subyearling fall Chinook salmon in shoreline habitats of the Hanford Reach, Columbia River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; STEELHEAD TROUT; SNAKE RIVER; SELECTION; STREAM; SURVIVAL; KISUTCH; SUMMER; OREGON; ALASKA AB Little information currently exists on habitat use by subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha rearing in large, main-stem habitats. We collected habitat use information on subyearlings in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River during May 1994 and April-May 1995 using point abundance electrofishing. We analyzed measures of physical habitat using logistic regression to predict fish presence and absence in shoreline habitats. The difference between water temperature at the point of sampling and in the main river channel was the most important variable for predicting the presence and absence of subyearlings. Mean water velocities of 45 cm/s or less and habitats with low lateral bank slopes were also associated with a greater likelihood of subyearling presence. Intermediate-sized gravel and cobble substrates were significant predictors of fish presence, but small (< 32-mm) and boulder-sized (> 256-mm) substrates were not. Our rearing model was accurate at predicting fish presence and absence using jackknifing (80% correct) and classification of observations from an independent data set (76% correct). The habitat requirements of fall Chinook salmon in the Hanford Reach are similar to those reported for juvenile Chinook salmon in smaller systems but are met in functionally different ways in a large river. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Tiffan, KF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM ken_tiffan@usgs.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 NR 46 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1577/M04-161.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 064ZY UT WOS:000239130400010 ER PT J AU Henning, JA Gresswell, RE Fleming, IA AF Henning, Julie A. Gresswell, Robert E. Fleming, Ian A. TI Juvenile salmonid use of freshwater emergent wetlands in the floodplain and its implications for conservation management SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HABITAT; RIVER; PONDS AB A recent trend of enhancing freshwater emergent wetlands for waterfowl and other wildlife has raised concern about the effects of such measures on juvenile salmonids. We undertook this study to quantify the degree and extent of juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. utilization of enhanced and unenhanced emergent wetlands within the floodplain of the lower Chehalis River, Washington, and to determine the fate of the salmon using them. Enhanced emergent wetlands contained water control structures that provided an outlet for fish emigration and a longer hydroperiod for rearing than unenhanced wetlands. Age-0 and age-1 coho salmon O. kisutch were the most common salmonid at all sites, enhanced wetlands having significantly higher age-1 abundance than unenhanced wetlands that were a similar distance from the main-stem river. Yearling coho salmon benefited from rearing in two enhanced wetland habitats, where their specific growth rate and minimum estimates of survival (1.43%/d by weight and 30%; 1.37%/d and 57%) were comparable to those in other side-channel rearing studies. Dissolved oxygen concentrations decreased in emergent wetlands throughout the season and approached the limits lethal to juvenile salmon by May or June each year. Emigration patterns suggested that age-0 and age-1 coho salmon emigrated as habitat conditions declined. This observation was further supported by the results of an experimental release of coho salmon. Survival of fish utilizing emergent wetlands was dependent on movement to the river before water quality decreased or stranding occurred from wetland desiccation. Thus, our results suggest that enhancing freshwater wetlands via water control structures can benefit juvenile salmonids, at least in the short term, by providing conditions for greater growth, survival, and emigration. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Henning, JA (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 1182 Spencer Rd, Toledo, WA 98591 USA. EM hennijah@dfw.wa.gov RI Fleming, Ian/I-7217-2012 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 367 EP 376 DI 10.1577/M05-057.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 064ZY UT WOS:000239130400012 ER PT J AU Honeyfield, DC Ostrowski, CS Fletcher, JW Mohler, JW AF Honeyfield, Dale C. Ostrowski, Christian S. Fletcher, John W. Mohler, Jerre W. TI Dietary calcein marking of brook trout, Atlantic salmon, yellow perch, and coho salmon scales SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENT MARKER; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; TETRACYCLINE AB Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, and yellow perch Perca flavescens fed calcein for 5 d showed characteristic calcein scale marks 7-10 d postmarking. In fish fed 0.75 or 1.25 g of calcein per kilogram of feed, the percentage of fish that exhibited a calcein mark was 100% in brook trout, 93-98% in Atlantic salmon, 60% in yellow perch, and 0% in coho salmon. However, when coho salmon were fed 5.25 g calcein/kg feed, 100% marking was-observed 7-10 d postmarking. Brook trout were successfully marked twice with distinct bands when fed calcein 5 months apart. Brook trout scale pixel luminosity increased as dietary calcein increased in experiment 2. For the second calcein mark, scale pixel luminosity from brook trout fed 1.25 g calcein/kg feed was numerically higher (P < 0.08) than scales from fish fed 0.75 g calcein/kg feed. Mean pixel luminosity of calcein-marked Atlantic salmon scales was 57.7 for fish fed 0.75 g calcein/kg feed and 55.2 for fish fed 1.25 g calcein/kg feed. Although feed acceptance presented a problem in yellow perch, these experiments provide evidence that dietary calcein is a viable tool for marking fish for stock identification. C1 US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. Mansfield Univ, Fisheries Program, Mansfield, PA 16933 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Honeyfield, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM honeyfie@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.1577/M05-107.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 064ZY UT WOS:000239130400018 ER PT J AU Plumb, JM Perry, RW Adams, NS Rondorf, DW AF Plumb, John M. Perry, Russell W. Adams, Noah S. Rondorf, Dennis W. TI The effects of river impoundment and hatchery rearing on the migration behavior of juvenile steelhead in the lower Snake River, Washington SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID YEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; IMPLANTED RADIO TRANSMITTERS; JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; COLUMBIA RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; TRAVEL-TIME; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; PACIFIC SALMON AB We used radiotelemetry to monitor the migration behavior of juvenile hatchery and wild steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss as they migrated through Lower Granite Reservoir and Dam on the lower Snake River, Washington. From 1996 to 2001, we surgically implanted radio transmitters in 1,540 hatchery steelhead and 1,346 wild steelhead. For analysis, we used the inverse Gaussian distribution to describe travel time distributions for cohorts (> 50 fish) of juvenile steelhead as they migrated downriver. Mean travel rates were significantly related to reach- and discharge-specific water velocities. Also, mean travel rates near the dam were slower for a given range of water velocities than were mean travel rates through the reservoir, indicating that the presence of the dam caused delay to juvenile steelhead over and above the effect of water velocity. Hatchery steelhead took about twice as long as wild steelhead to pass the dam as a result of the higher proportions of hatchery steelhead traveling upriver from the dam. Because upriver travel and the resulting migration delay might decrease survival, it is possible that hatchery steelhead survive at lower rates than wild steelhead. Our analysis identified a discharge threshold (similar to 2,400 m(3)/s) below which travel time and the percentage of fish traveling upriver from the dam increased rapidly, providing support for the use of minimum flow targets to mitigate for fish delay and possibly enhance juvenile steelhead survival. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Plumb, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM john_lumb@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 438 EP 452 DI 10.1577/M04-177.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 064ZY UT WOS:000239130400019 ER PT J AU Lehmer, EM Savage, LT Antolin, MF Biggins, DE AF Lehmer, EM Savage, LT Antolin, MF Biggins, DE TI Extreme plasticity in thermoregulatory behaviors of free-ranging black-tailed prairie dogs SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RICHARDSON GROUND-SQUIRRELS; BODY-TEMPERATURE PATTERNS; CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; TORPOR PATTERNS; FACULTATIVE HIBERNATORS; CIRCANNUAL RHYTHMS; CRICETUS-CRICETUS; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; DIET; INDIVIDUALS AB In the natural environment, hibernating sciurids generally remain dormant during winter and enter numerous deep torpor bouts from the time of first immergence in fall until emergence in spring. In contrast, black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) remain active throughout winter but periodically enter short and shallow bouts of torpor. While investigating body temperature (T-b) patterns of black-tailed prairie dogs from six separate colonies in northern Colorado, we observed one population that displayed torpor patterns resembling those commonly seen in hibernators. Five individuals in this population experienced multiple torpor bouts in immediate succession that increased in length and depth as winter progressed, whereas 16 prairie dogs in five neighboring colonies remained euthermic for the majority of winter and entered shallow bouts of torpor infrequently. Our results suggest that these differences in torpor patterns did not result from differences in the physiological indicators that we measured because the prairie dogs monitored had similar body masses and concentrations of stored lipids across seasons. Likewise, our results did not support the idea that differences in overwinter T-b patterns between prairie dogs in colonies with differing torpor patterns resulted from genetic differences between populations; genetic analyses of prairie dog colonies revealed high genetic similarity between the populations and implied that individuals regularly disperse between colonies. Local environmental conditions probably played a role in the unusual T-b patterns experienced by prairie dogs in the colony where hibernation-like patterns were observed; this population received significantly less rainfall than neighboring colonies during the summer growing seasons before, during, and after the year of the winter in which they hibernated. Our study provides a rare example of extreme plasticity in thermoregulatory behaviors of free-ranging prairie dogs and provides evidence contrary to models that propose a clear delineation between homeothermy, facultative torpor, and hibernation. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Lehmer, EM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM lehmer@biology.utah.edu NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 454 EP 467 DI 10.1086/502816 PG 14 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 046IM UT WOS:000237805100002 PM 16691512 ER PT J AU Nelson, AR Kelsey, HM Witter, RC AF Nelson, Alan R. Kelsey, Harvey M. Witter, Robert C. TI Great earthquakes of variable magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE paleoseismology; subduction zone; earthquake hazards; radiocarbon correlation; coseismic subsidence; tsunami deposit; earthquake recurrence; plate-boundary earthquakes ID SOUTHERN COASTAL OREGON; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; COSEISMIC SUBSIDENCE; TIDAL-MARSH; HOLOCENE EARTHQUAKE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; NORTHERN OREGON; RIVER ESTUARY; WASHINGTON AB Comparison of histories of great earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis at eight coastal sites suggests plate-boundary ruptures of varying length, implying great earthquakes of variable magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone. Inference of rupture length relies on degree of overlap on radiocarbon age ranges for earthquakes and tsunamis, and relative amounts of coseismic subsidence and heights of tsunamis. Written records of a tsunami in Japan provide the most conclusive evidence for rupture of much of the plate boundary during the earthquake of 26 January 1700. Cascadia stratigraphic evidence dating from about 1600 cal yr B.P., similar to that for the 1700 earthquake, implies a similarly long rupture with substantial subsidence and a high tsunami. Correlations are consistent with other long ruptures about 1350 cal yr B.P., 2500 cal yr B.P., 3400 cal yr B.P., 3800 cal yr B.P., 4400 cal yr B.P., and 4900 cal yr B.P. A rupture about 700-1100 cal yr B.P. was limited to the northern and central parts of the subduction zone, and a northern rupture about 2900 cal yr B.P. may have been similarly limited. Times of probable short ruptures in southern Cascadia include about I 100 cal yr B.P., 1700 cal yr B.P., 3200 cal yr B.P., 4200 cal yr B.P., 4600 cal yr B.P., and 4700 cal yr B.P. Rupture patterns suggest that the plate boundary in northern Cascadia usually breaks in long ruptures during the greatest earthquakes. Ruptures in southernmost Cascadia vary in length and recurrence intervals more than ruptures in northern Cascadia. Published by University of Washington. C1 US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Coastal Field Off, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Nelson, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, MS 966,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM anelson@usgs.gov NR 66 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 7 U2 37 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 65 IS 3 BP 354 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.009 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 046PG UT WOS:000237822900002 ER PT J AU Latorre, C Betancourt, JL Arroyo, MTK AF Latorre, C Betancourt, JL Arroyo, MTK TI Late Quaternary vegetation and climate history of a perennial river canyon in the Rio Salado basin (22 degrees S) of Northern Chile SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fossil rodent middens; plant macrofossils; riparian; summer rainfall; tropical easterlies; Northern Chile; Atacama Desert ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; ATACAMA DESERT; SOUTH-AMERICA; BOLIVIAN ALTIPLANO; CENTRAL ANDES; ABRUPT VEGETATION; POLLEN RECORD; LAKE TITICACA; DE-ATACAMA; HOLOCENE AB Plant macrofossils from 33 rodent middens sampled at three sites between 29 10 and 3150 in elevation in the main canyon of the Rio Salado, northern Chile, yield a unique record of vegetation and climate over the past 22,000 cal yr BP. Presence of low-elevation Prepuna taxa throughout the record suggests that mean annual temperature never cooled by more than 5 degrees C and may have been near-modem at 16,270 cal yr BP. Displacements in the lower limits of Andean steppe and Puna taxa indicate that mean annual rainfall was twice modem at 17,520-16,270 cal yr BP. This pluvial event coincides with infilling of palcolake Tauca on the Bolivian Altiplano, increased ENSO activity inferred from a marine core near Lima, abrupt deglaciation in southern Chile, and Heinrich Event 1. Moderate to large increases in precipitation also occurred at 11,770-9550 (Central Atacama Pluvial Event), 7330-6720, 3490-2320 and at 800 cal yr BP. Desiccation occurred at 14,180, 8910-8640, and 4865 cal yr BP. Compared to other midden sites in the region, early Holocene desiccation seems to have happened progressively earlier farther south. Emerging trends from the cumulative midden record in the central Atacama agree at millennial timescales with improved paleolake chronologies for the Bolivian Altiplano, implying common forcing through changes in equatorial Pacific sea-surface temperature gradients. (c) 2006 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Adv Studies Ecol & Biodivers, Dept Ecol, Santiago, Chile. Univ Chile, Inst Ecol & Biodivers, Santiago 653, Chile. US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Latorre, C (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Adv Studies Ecol & Biodivers, Dept Ecol, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. EM clatorre@bio.puc.cl RI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/E-6805-2012 OI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/0000-0003-4708-7599 NR 56 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 65 IS 3 BP 450 EP 466 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.002 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 046PG UT WOS:000237822900011 ER PT J AU Anderson, EP Freeman, MC Pringle, CM AF Anderson, EP Freeman, MC Pringle, CM TI Ecological consequences of hydropower development in Central America: Impacts of small dams and water diversion on neotropical stream fish assemblages SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE small dams; tropical; Costa Rica; streams; fish; hydropower; Central America ID AGONOSTOMUS-MONTICOLA; COSTA-RICA; ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS; MOUNTAIN MULLET; WEST-INDIES; FLOW; REPRODUCTION; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; UPSTREAM AB Small dams for hydropower have caused widespread alteration of Central American rivers, yet much of recent development has gone undocumented by scientists and conservationists. We examined the ecological effects of a small hydropower plant (Dona Julia Hydroelectric Center) on two low-order streams (the Puerto Viejo River and Quebradon stream) draining a mountainous area of Costa Rica. Operation of the Dona Julia plant has dewatered these streams, reducing discharge to similar to 10% of average annual flow. This study compared fish assemblage composition and aquatic habitat upstream and downstream of diversion dams on two streams and along a similar to 4 km dewatered reach of the Puerto Viejo River in an attempt to evaluate current instream flow recommendations for regulated Costa Rican streams. Our results indicated that fish assemblages directly upstream and downstream of the dam on the third order Puerto Viejo River were dissimilar, suggesting that the small dam (< 15 in high) hindered movement of fishes. Along the similar to 4 kin dewatered reach of the Puerto Viejo River, species count increased with downstream distance from the dam. However, estimated species richness and overall fish abundance were not significantly correlated with downstream distance from the dam. Our results suggested that effects of stream dewatering may be most pronounced for a subset of species with more complex reproductive requirements, classified as equilibrium-type species based on their life-history. In the absence of changes to current operations, we expect that fish assemblages in the Puerto Viejo River will be increasingly dominated by opportunistic-type, colonizing fish species. Operations of many other small hydropower plants in Costa Rica and other parts of Central America mirror those of Doha Julia; the methods and results of this study may be applicable to some of those projects. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. RP Anderson, EP (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, ECS 347,11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM eanderson8@gmail.com RI Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012 NR 42 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 7 U2 70 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 397 EP 411 DI 10.1002/rra.899 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 046DG UT WOS:000237791000001 ER PT J AU Layzer, JB Scott, EM AF Layzer, JB Scott, EM TI Restoration and colonization of freshwater mussels and fish in a southeastern United States tailwater SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE minimum flows; reaeration; dams; fish; mussels; recolonization; reintroduction ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; REGULATED RIVERS; MICROHABITAT USE; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ZEBRA MUSSEL; UNIONIDAE; MOLLUSCA; BIVALVIA; TENNESSEE; DECLINE AB The French Broad River originates in North Carolina, flows west into Tennessee and at its confluence with the Holston River forms the Tennessee River. Douglas Dam, located on the French Broad River 52 km above its mouth, is operated primarily for peaking hydroelectric power and flood control. Prior to completion of the dam in 1943, the lower French Broad River contained about 53 species of freshwater mussels and 100 species of fish. By 1977, the fauna in the 52-km-long tailwater was reduced to 12 species of mussels and 42 native species of fish. Improvements in tailwater conditions occurred following initiation of minimum flows in 1987, and consistent reaeration of discharge in 1993. From 1988 to 2002, we sampled three sites (4, 28, and 39 km downstream of the dam) to monitor the fish assemblage. Each year since 1988, we have collected one or more additional species, indicating continued immigration. We collected 82 native and 9 exotic species of fish overall, but the maximum of 67 species in I year suggests that some species reside in the tailwater at low densities or all immigrants may not successfully colonize the tailwater. There is limited potential for most extirpated species of mussels to naturally recolonize the tailwater because source populations are isolated. Consequently, 19 754 adult mussels of 19 species were introduced between 1997 and 2000. Survival of translocated mussels has been high, and successful reproduction of at least one translocated species has occurred. Additionally, four mussel species are naturally colonizing the tailwater. Colonization and recruitment of additional mussel species is expected as populations of their host fishes increase. We believe that the improved conditions of the tailwater may allow for the re-establishment of sustaining populations of 30 mussel species of historic occurrence, but the continued operation of Douglas Dam as a peaking hydroelectric project will reduce the probability of successfully reintroducing some species. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Layzer, JB (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM jim_layzer@tntech.edu NR 44 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 475 EP 491 DI 10.1002/rra.919 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 046DG UT WOS:000237791000006 ER PT J AU Hutton, K Hauksson, E Clinton, J Franck, J Guarino, A Scheckel, N Given, D Yong, A AF Hutton, K Hauksson, E Clinton, J Franck, J Guarino, A Scheckel, N Given, D Yong, A TI Southern California seismic network update SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena Field Off, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hutton, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM kate@gps.cattech.edu OI Hauksson, Egill/0000-0002-6834-5051 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 77 IS 3 BP 389 EP 395 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 043PL UT WOS:000237613500007 ER PT J AU Graffy, EA AF Graffy, EA TI Expert forecasts and the emergence of water scarcity on public agendas SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE agenda setting; drought; experts; policy development; public understanding; scarcity; shortages; water ID CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Expert forecasts of worldwide water scarcity depict conditions that call for proactive, preventive, coordinated water governance, but they have not been matched by public agendas of commensurate scope and urgency in the United States. This disconnect can not be adequately explained without some attention to attributes of forecasts themselves. I propose that the institutional fragmentation of water expertise and prevailing patterns of communication about water scarcity militate against the formulation of a common public definition of the problem and encourage reliance on unambiguous crises to stimulate social and policy agenda setting. I do not argue that expert forecasts should drive public agendas deterministically, but if their purpose is to help prevent water crises (not just predict them), then a greater effort is needed to overcome the barriers to meaningful public scrutiny of expert claims and evaluation of water strategies presently in place. C1 US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Graffy, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM egraffy@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 19 IS 5 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.1080/08941920600561173 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 036VR UT WOS:000237104800006 ER PT J AU Bowen, L Aldridge, BM Miles, AK Stott, JL AF Bowen, L Aldridge, BM Miles, AK Stott, JL TI Expressed MHC class II genes in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from geographically disparate populations SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE declining population; Enhydra lutris; MHC; sea otter ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; LION ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; HLA SYSTEM; DQB GENES; 2 PARTS; SELECTION; POLYMORPHISM; ALIGNMENT; HLA-DR1 AB The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is central to maintaining the immunologic vigor of individuals and populations. Classical MHC class II genes were targeted for partial sequencing in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from populations in California, Washington, and Alaska. Sequences derived from sea otter peripheral blood leukocyte mRNAs were similar to those classified as DQA, DQB, DRA, and DRB in other species. Comparisons of the derived amino acid compositions supported the classification of these as functional molecules from at least one DQA, DQB, and DRA locus and at least two DRB loci. While limited in scope, phylogenetic analysis of the DRB peptide-binding region suggested the possible existence of distinct clades demarcated by geographic region. These preliminary findings support the need for additional MHC gene sequencing and expansion to a comprehensive study targeting additional otters. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Lab Marine Mammal Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Univ London, Univ London Royal Vet Coll, Dept Vet Clin Sci, London WC1E 7HU, England. RP Bowen, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Lab Marine Mammal Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lbowen@ucdavis.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD MAY PY 2006 VL 67 IS 5 BP 402 EP 408 DI 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00559.x PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 039HE UT WOS:000237295800008 PM 16671948 ER PT J AU Beeman, JW Maule, AG AF Beeman, John W. Maule, Alec G. TI Migration depths of juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead relative to total dissolved gas supersaturation in a Columbia river reservoir SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; SNAKE RIVER; BUBBLE TRAUMA; TRANSMITTERS; SURVIVAL; TROUT; VULNERABILITY; PREDATION; AVOIDANCE; ESTUARY AB The in situ depths of juvenile salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. were studied to determine whether hydrostatic compensation was sufficient to protect them from gas bubble disease (GBD) during exposure to total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation from a regional program of spill at dams meant to improve salmonid passage survival. Yearling Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead O. mykiss implanted with pressure-sensing radio transmitters were monitored from boats while they were migrating between the tailrace of lee Harbor Dam on the Snake River and the forebay of McNary Dam on the Columbia River during 1997-1999. The TDG generally decreased with distance from the tailrace of the dam and was within levels known to cause GBD signs and mortality in laboratory bioassays. Results of repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that the mean depths of juvenile steelhead were similar throughout the study area, ranging from 2.0 m in the Snake River to 2.3 m near the McNary Dam forebay. The mean depths of yearling Chinook salmon generally increased with distance from Ice Harbor Dam, ranging from 1.5 m in the Snake River to 3.2 m near the forebay. Juvenile steelhead were deeper at night than during the day, and yearling Chinook salmon were deeper during the day than at night. The TDG level was a significant covariate in models of the migration depth and rates of each species, but no effect of fish size was detected. Hydrostatic compensation, along with short exposure times in the area of greatest TDG, reduced the effects of TDG exposure below those generally shown to elicit GBD signs or mortality. Based on these factors, our results indicate that the TDG limits of the regional spill program were safe for these juvenile salmonids. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Beeman, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM john_beeman@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 135 IS 3 BP 584 EP 594 DI 10.1577/T05-193.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 058PJ UT WOS:000238676600003 ER PT J AU Gerrity, PC Guy, CS Gardner, WM AF Gerrity, PC Guy, CS Gardner, WM TI Juvenile pallid sturgeon are piscivorous: A call for conserving native cyprinids SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOWER YELLOWSTONE RIVERS; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; MISSOURI RIVER; SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-PLATORYNCHUS; HABITAT USE; NORTH-DAKOTA; MOVEMENTS; MONTANA; OVERLAP; USA AB We examined the diets of age-6 and age-7 hatchery-reared juvenile pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus (mean fork length [FL] 538 +/- 13 mm [90% confidence interval]; mean weight 518 49 g) and indigenous shovelnose sturgeon S. platorynchus (mean FL = 525 +/- 12 mm; mean weight = 683 +/- 41 g) sampled in 2003 and 2004 from the Missouri River above Fort Peck Reservoir, Montana. Diet overlap between juvenile pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon was low. Fish were the primary prey of juvenile pallid sturgeon, and aquatic insects were the primary prey of shovelnose sturgeon. Sturgeon chub Macrhybopsis gelida and sicklefin chub M. meeki, two species that have declined throughout much of the Missouri River, comprised 79% of the number of identifiable fish in juvenile pallid sturgeon stomachs. The prevalence of sicklefin chub and sturgeon chub as a food resource of juvenile pallid sturgeon indicates that recovery and management of native cyprinids is a potentially important step in the recovery of pallid sturgeon. C1 Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Ecol Fish & Wildlife Management Program, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. RP Gerrity, PC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Ecol Fish & Wildlife Management Program, US Geol Survey, 301 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM paul.gerrity@wgf.state.wy.us NR 35 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 135 IS 3 BP 604 EP 609 DI 10.1577/T05-122.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 058PJ UT WOS:000238676600005 ER PT J AU Yule, DL Stockwell, JD Cholwek, GA Evrard, LM Schram, S Seider, M Symbal, M AF Yule, DL Stockwell, JD Cholwek, GA Evrard, LM Schram, S Seider, M Symbal, M TI Evaluation of methods to estimate lake herring spawner abundance in Lake Superior SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COREGONUS-ARTEDII; RECRUITMENT; DENSITY; FISH; GEOSTATISTICS; COMMUNITY AB Historically, commercial fishers harvested Lake Superior lake herring Coregonus artedi for their flesh, but recently operators have targeted lake herring for roe. Because no surveys have estimated spawning female abundance, direct estimates of fishing mortality are lacking. The primary objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using acoustic techniques in combination with midwater trawling to estimate spawning female lake herring densities in a Lake Superior statistical grid (i.e., a 10' latitude x 10' longitude area over which annual commercial harvest statistics are compiled). Midwater trawling showed that mature female lake herring were largely pelagic during the night in late November, accounting for 94.5% of all fish caught exceeding 250 mm total length. When calculating acoustic estimates of mature female lake herring, we excluded backscattering from smaller pelagic fishes like immature lake herring and rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax by applying an empirically derived threshold of -35.6 dB. We estimated the average density of mature females in statistical grid 1409 at 13.3 fish/ha and the total number of spawning females at 227,600 (95% confidence interval = 172,500-282,700). Using information on mature female densities, size structure, and fecundity, we estimate that females deposited 3.027 billion (10(9)) eggs in grid 1409 (95% confidence interval = 2.356-3.778 billion). The relative estimation error of the mature female density estimate derived using a geostatistical model based approach was low (12.3%), suggesting that the employed method was robust. Fishing mortality rates of all mature females and their eggs were estimated at 2.3% and 3.8%, respectively. The techniques described for enumerating spawning female lake herring could be used to develop a more accurate stock-recruitment model for Lake Superior lake herring. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. Red Cliff Nat Resources, Red Cliff Band Lake Super Chippewas, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. RP Yule, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lakeshore Dr, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM dyule@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 135 IS 3 BP 680 EP 694 DI 10.1577/T05-203.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 058PJ UT WOS:000238676600012 ER PT J AU Widmer, AM Carveth, CJ Bonar, SRA Simms, JR AF Widmer, AM Carveth, CJ Bonar, SRA Simms, JR TI Upper temperature tolerance of loach minnow under acute, chronic, and fluctuating thermal regimes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; FISHES; ECTOTHERMS; RESPONSES; CONSTANT; SURVIVAL; STRESS; GROWTH; MAXIMA AB We used four methods to estimate the upper lethal temperature of loach minnow Rhinichthys cobitis: the lethal thermal method (LTM), chronic lethal method (CLM), acclimated chronic exposure (ACE) method with static temperatures, and ACE method with diel temperature fluctuations. The upper lethal temperature of this species ranged between 32 degrees C and 38 degrees C, depending on the method and exposure time; however, temperatures as low as 28 degrees C resulted in slowed growth compared with the control groups. In LTM trials, we increased temperatures 0.3 degrees C/min and death occurred at 36.8 +/- 0.2 degrees C (mean +/- SE) for fish (37-49 turn total length) acclimated to 30 degrees C and at 36.4 +/- 0.07 degrees C for fish acclimated to 25 degrees C. In CLM trials, temperatures were increased more slowly (1 degrees C/d), allowing fish to acclimate. Mean temperature at death was 33.4 +/- 0.1 degrees C for fish 25-35 mm and 32.9 +/- 0.4 degrees C for fish 45-50 turn. In the ACE experiment with static temperatures, we exposed fish for 30 d to four constant temperatures. No fish (20-40 mm) survived beyond 30 d at 32 degrees C and the 30-d temperature lethal to 50% of the test animals was 30.6 degrees C. Growth at static 28 degrees C and 30 degrees C was slower than growth at 25 degrees C, suggesting that fish were stressed at sublethal temperatures. In ACE trials with diel temperature fluctuations of 4, 6, and 10 degrees C and a 32 degrees C peak temperature, over 80% of fish (2040 turn) survived 30 d. Although brief exposures to 32 degrees C were not lethal, the growth of fish in the three fluctuating-temperature treatments was significantly less than the growth at the ambient temperature (25-29 degrees C). To minimize thermal stress and buffer against temperature spikes, we recommend that loach minnow habitat be managed to avoid water temperatures above 28 degrees C. C1 Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Bur Land Management, Tucson Field Off, Tucson, AZ 85748 USA. RP Widmer, AM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biosci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM widmer@gmail.com NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 135 IS 3 BP 755 EP 762 DI 10.1577/T04-205.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 058PJ UT WOS:000238676600017 ER PT J AU Brewer, SK Papoulias, DM Rabeni, CF AF Brewer, Shannon K. Papoulias, Diana M. Rabeni, Charles F. TI Spawning habitat associations and selection by fishes in a flow-regulated prairie river SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NOTROPIS-LUTRENSIS; RED SHINERS; STREAMS; ASSEMBLAGE; MISSOURI; ECOLOGY AB We used histological features to identify the spawning chronologies of river-dwelling populations of slenderhead darter Percina phoxocephala, suckermouth minnow Phenacobius mirabilis, stonecat Noturus flavus, and red shiner Cyprinella lutrensis and to relate their reproductive status to microhabitat associations. We identified spawning and nonspawning differences in habitat associations resulting from I year of field data via logistic regression modeling and identified shifts in microhabitat selection via frequency-of-use and availability histograms. Each species demonstrated different habitat associations between spawning and nonspawning periods. The peak spawning period for slenderhead darters was April to May in high-velocity microhabitats containing cobble. Individuals were associated with similar microhabitats during the postspawn summer and began migrating to deeper habitats in the fall. Most suckermouth minnow spawned from late March through early May in shallow microhabitats. The probability of the presence of these fish in shallow habitats declined postspawn, as fish apparently shifted to deeper habitats. Stonecats conducted prespawn activities in nearshore microhabitats containing large substrates but probably moved to deeper habitats during summer to spawn. Microhabitats with shallow depths containing cobble were associated with the presence of spawning red shiners during the summer. Prespawn fish selected low-velocity microhabitats during the spring, whereas postspawn fish selected habitats similar to the spawning habitat but added a shallow depth component. Hydraulic variables had the most influence on microhabitat models for all of these species, emphasizing the importance of flow in habitat selection by river-dwellim, fishes. Histological analyses allowed us to more precisely document the time periods when habitat use is critical to species success. Without evidence demonstrating the functional mechanisms behind habitat associations, protective flows implemented for habitat protection are unlikely to be effective. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Rabeni, CF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM rabenic@missouri.edu NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 135 IS 3 BP 763 EP 778 DI 10.1577/T05-021.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 058PJ UT WOS:000238676600018 ER EF