FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Oden, CP Powers, MH Wright, DL Olhoeft, GR AF Oden, Charles P. Powers, Michael H. Wright, David L. Olhoeft, Gary R. TI Improving GPR image resolution in lossy ground using dispersive migration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE dispersion; ground-penetrating radar (GPR); imaging; migration ID DOMAIN ELECTROMAGNETIC MIGRATION; PENETRATING RADAR DATA; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; INVERSE PROBLEMS; TIME AB As a compact wave packet travels through a dispersive medium, it becomes dilated and distorted. As a result, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys over conductive and/or lossy soils often result in poor image resolution. A dispersive migration method is presented that combines an inverse dispersion filter with frequency-domain migration. The method requires a fully characterized GPR system including the antenna response, which is a function of the local soil properties for ground-coupled antennas. The GPR system response spectrum is used to stabilize the inverse dispersion filter. Dispersive migration restores attenuated spectral components when the signal-to-noise ratio is adequate. Applying the algorithm to simulated data shows that the improved spatial resolution is significant when data are acquired with a GPR system having 120 dB or more of dynamic range, and when the medium has a loss tangent of 0.3 or more. Results also show that dispersive migration provides no significant advantage over conventional migration when the loss tangent is less than 0.3, or when using a GPR system with a small dynamic range. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Oden, CP (reprint author), Earth Sci Syst LLC, Golden, CO 80402 USA. EM coden@earthsciencesystems.com; mhpowers@usgs.gov; dwright@usgs.gov; golhoeft@mines.edu NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 8 BP 2492 EP 2500 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.888933 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 195NO UT WOS:000248419100009 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC Martinez, M AF Hackley, Paul C. Martinez, Manuel TI Organic petrology of Paleocene Marcelina Formation coals, Paso Diablo mine, western Venezuela: Tectonic controls on coal type SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Meeting of the International-Committee-for-Coal-and-Organic-Petrology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Univ Patras, Dept Geol, Petras, GREECE SP Int Comm Coal & Organ Petrol HO Univ Patras, Dept Geol DE coal; Venezuela; Paleocene; Paso Diablo mine; organic petrology ID MARACAIBO BASIN; EVOLUTION; COLOMBIA; GEOCHEMISTRY; ACCUMULATION; QUALITY; ANDES; USA AB About 7 Mt of high volatile bituminous coal are produced annually from the four coal zones of the Upper Paleocene Marcelina Formation at the Paso Diablo open-pit mine of western Venezuela. As part of an ongoing coal quality study, we have characterized twenty-two coal channel samples from the mine using organic petrology techniques. Samples also were analyzed for proximate-ultimate parameters, forms of sulfar, free swelling index, ash fusion temperatures, and calorific value. Six of the samples represent incremental benches across the 12-13 m thick No. 4 bed, the stratigraphically lowest mined coal, which is also mined at the 10 km distant Mina Norte open-pit. Organic content of the No. 4 bed indicates an upward increase of woody vegetation and/or greater preservation of organic material throughout the life of the original mire(s). An upward increase in telovitrinite and corresponding decrease in detrovitrinite and inertinite illustrate this trend. In contrast, stratigraphically higher coal groups generally exhibit a 'dulling upward' trend. The generally high inertinite content, and low ash yield and sulfur content, suggest that the Paso Diablo coals were deposited in rain-fed raised mires, protected from clastic input and subjected to frequent oxidation and/or moisture stress. However, the two thinnest coal beds (both 0.7 m thick) are each characterized by lower inertinite and higher telovitrinite content relative to the rest of Paso Diablo coal beds, indicative of less well-established raised mire environments prior to drowning. Foreland basin Paleocene coals of western Venezuela, including the Paso Diablo deposit and time-correlative coal deposits of the Tachira and Merida Andes, are characterized by high inertinite and consistently lower ash and sulfur relative to Eocene and younger coals of the area. We interpret these age-delimited coal quality characteristics to be due to water availability as a function of the tectonic control of subsidence rate. It is postulated that slower subsidence rates dominated during the Paleocene while greater foreland basin subsidence rates during the Eocene-Miocene resulted from the loading of nappe thrust sheets as part of the main construction phases of the Andean orogen. South-southeastward advance and emplacement of the Lara nappes during the oblique transpressive collision of the Caribbean and South American tectonic plates in the Paleocene was further removed from the sites of peat deposition, resulting in slower subsidence rates. Slower subsidence in the Paleocene may have favored the growth of raised mires, generating higher inertinite concentrations through more frequent moisture stress. Consistently low ash yield and sulfur content would be due to the protection from clastic input in raised mires, in addition to the leaching of mineral matter by rainfall and the development of acidic conditions preventing fixation of sulfur. In contrast, peat mires of Eocene-Miocene age encountered rapid subsidence due to the proximity of nappe emplacement, resulting in lower inertinite content, higher and more variable sulfur content, and higher ash yield. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS 956, Reston, VA USA. Cent Univ Venezuela, Inst Ciencias Tierra, Fac Ciencias, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS 956, Reston, VA USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 SI SI BP 505 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2006.05.002 PG 22 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 187LQ UT WOS:000247849600010 ER PT J AU Gaeuman, D Jacobson, RB AF Gaeuman, D. Jacobson, R. B. TI Quantifying fluid and bed dynamics for characterizing benthic physical habitat in large rivers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution, Ecology, and Management of Scaphirhynchus CY JAN 11-13, 2005 CL St Louis, MO ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; PALLID STURGEON AB Sturgeon use benthic habitats in and adjacent to main channels where environmental conditions can include bedload sediment transport and high near-bed flow velocities. Bed velocity measurements obtained with acoustic Doppler instruments provide a means to assess the concentration and velocity of sediment moving near the streambed, and are thus indicative of the bedload sediment transport rate, the near-bed flow velocity, and the stability of the substrate. Acoustic assessments of benthic conditions in the Missouri River were conducted at scales ranging from the stream reach to individual bedforms. Reach-scale results show that spatially-averaged bed velocities in excess of 0.5 in s(-1) frequently occur in the navigation channel. At the local scale, bed velocities are highest near bedform crests, and lowest in the troughs. Low-velocity zones can persist in areas with extremely high mean bed velocities. Use of these low-velocity zones may allow sturgeon to make use of portions of the channel where the average conditions near the bed are severe. To obtain bed velocity measurements of the highest possible quality, it is necessary to extract bottom-track and GPS velocity information from the raw ADCP data files on a ping-by-ping basis. However, bed velocity measured from a point can also be estimated using a simplified method that is more easily implemented in the context of routine monitoring. The method requires only the transect distance and direction data displayed in standard ADCP data-logging software. Bed velocity estimates obtained using this method are usually within 5-10% of estimates obtained from ping-by-ping processing. C1 USGS Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. RP Gaeuman, D (reprint author), Trinity River Restorat Program, POB 1300, Weaverville, CA 96093 USA. EM dgaeuman@mp.usbr.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 359 EP 364 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00888.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200IC UT WOS:000248756100009 ER PT J AU Kynard, B Parker, E Pugh, D Parker, T AF Kynard, B. Parker, E. Pugh, D. Parker, T. TI Use of laboratory studies to develop a dispersal model for Missouri River pallid sturgeon early life intervals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution, Ecology, and Management of Scaphirhynchus CY JAN 11-13, 2005 CL St Louis, MO ID ONTOGENIC BEHAVIOR; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; BODY COLOR; MIGRATION AB Understanding the drift dynamics of pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) early life intervals is critical to evaluating damming effects on sturgeons. However, studying dispersal behavior is difficult in rivers. In stream tanks, we studied the effect of velocity on dispersal and holding ability, estimated swimming height, and used the data to estimate drift distance of pallid sturgeon. Dispersal was by days 0-10 embryos until fish developed into larvae on day 11 after 200 CTU (daily cumulative temperature units). Embryos in tanks with a mean channel velocity of 30.1 cm s(-1) and a side eddy could not hold position in the eddy, so current controlled dispersal. Late embryos (days 6-10 fish) dispersed more passes per hour than early embryos (days 0-5 fish) and held position in side eddies when channel velocities were 17.3 cm s(-1) or 21.1 cm s(-1). Day and night swim-up and drift by embryos is an effective adaptation to disperse fish in channel flow and return fish from side eddies to the channel. Early embryos swam < 0.50 cm above the bottom and late embryos swam higher (mean 90 cm). A passive drift model using a near bottom velocity of 32 cm s(-1) predicted that embryos dispersing for 11 days in channel flow would travel 304 knit. Embryos spawned at Fort Peck Dam, Missouri River, must stop dispersal in < 330 km or enter Lake Sakakawea, where survival is likely poor. The model suggests there may be a mismatch between embryo dispersal distance and location of suitable rearing habitat. This situation may be common for pallid sturgeon in dammed rivers. C1 USGS, BRDSO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01349 USA. RP Kynard, B (reprint author), USGS, BRDSO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01349 USA. EM kynard@forwild.uniass.edu NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 365 EP 374 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00908.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200IC UT WOS:000248756100010 ER PT J AU Wildhaber, ML Papoulias, DM DeLonay, AJ Tillitt, DE Bryan, JL Annis, ML AF Wildhaber, M. L. Papoulias, D. M. DeLonay, A. J. Tillitt, D. E. Bryan, J. L. Annis, M. L. TI Physical and hormonal examination of Missouri River shovelnose sturgeon reproductive stage: a reference guide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution, Ecology, and Management of Scaphirhynchus CY JAN 11-13, 2005 CL St Louis, MO ID ACIPENSER-STELLATUS; THREATENED FISHES; SEX; MATURITY AB From May 2001 to June 2002 Wildhaber et al. (2005) conducted monthly sampling of Lower Missouri River shovelnose sturgeon (Scophirhynchils platorynchus) to develop methods for determination of sex and the reproductive stage of sturgeons in the field. Shovelnose sturgeon were collected from the Missouri River and ultrasonic and endoscopic imagery and blood and gonadal tissue samples were taken. The full set of data was used to develop monthly reproductive stage profiles for S. platorynchus that could be compared to data collected on pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albits). This paper presents a comprehensive reference set of images, sex steroids, and vitellogenin (VTG, an egg protein precursor) data for assessing shovelnose sturgeon sex and reproductive stage. This reference set includes ultrasonic, endoscopic, histologic, and internal images of male and female gonads of shovelnose sturgeon at each reproductive stage along with complementary data on average 17-beta estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, VTG, gonadosomatic index, Lind polarization index. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. RP Wildhaber, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO USA. EM mwildhaber@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 382 EP 401 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00878.x PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200IC UT WOS:000248756100012 ER PT J AU Bryan, JL Wildhaber, ML Papoulias, DM DeLonay, AJ Tillitt, DE Annis, ML AF Bryan, J. L. Wildhaber, M. L. Papoulias, D. M. DeLonay, A. J. Tillitt, D. E. Annis, M. L. TI Estimation of gonad volume, fecundity, and reproductive stage of shovelnose sturgeon using sonography and endoscopy with application to the endangered pallid sturgeon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution, Ecology, and Management of Scaphirhynchus CY JAN 11-13, 2005 CL St Louis, MO ID MATURATIONAL STATUS; WHITE STURGEON; DETERMINE SEX; STRIPED BASS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ULTRASOUND; MATURITY; FISH AB Most species of sturgeon are declining in the Mississippi River Basin of North America including pallid (Scaphirhynchus albus F. and R.) and shovelnose sturgeons (S. platorynchus R.). Understanding the reproductive cycle of sturgeon in the Mississippi River Basin is important in evaluating the status and viability of sturgeon populations. We used non-invasive, non-lethal methods for examining internal reproductive organs of shovelnose and pallid sturgeon. We used an ultrasound to measure egg diameter, fecundity, and gonad volume; endoscope was used to visually examine the gonad. We found the ultrasound to accurately measure the gonad volume, but it underestimated egg diameter by 52%. After correcting for the measurement error, the ultrasound accurately measured the gonad volume but it was higher than the true gonad volume for stages I and II. The ultrasound underestimated the fecundity of shovelnose sturgeon by 5%. The ultrasound fecundity was lower than the true fecundity for stage III and during August. Using the endoscope, we viewed seven different egg color categories. Using a model selection procedure, the presence of four egg categories correctly predicted the reproductive stage one reproductive stage of shovelnose sturgeon 95% of the time. For pallid sturgeon, the ultrasound overestimated the density of eggs by 49% and the endoscope was able to view eggs in 50% of the pallid sturgeon. Individually, the ultrasound and endoscope can be used to assess certain reproductive characteristics in sturgeon. The use of both methods at the same time can be complementary depending on the parameter measured. These methods can be used to track gonad characteristics, including measuring Gonadosomatic Index in individuals and/or populations through time, which can be very useful when associating gonad characteristics with environmental spawning triggers or with repeated examinations of individual fish throughout the reproductive cycle. RP Bryan, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jbryan@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00889.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200IC UT WOS:000248756100014 ER PT J AU DeLonay, AJ Papoulias, DM Wildhaber, ML Annis, ML Bryan, JL Griffith, SA Holan, SH Tillitt, DE AF DeLonay, A. J. Papoulias, D. M. Wildhaber, M. L. Annis, M. L. Bryan, J. L. Griffith, S. A. Holan, S. H. Tillitt, D. E. TI Use of behavioral and physiological indicators to evaluate Scaphirhynchus sturgeon spawning success SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution, Ecology, and Management of Scaphirhynchus CY JAN 11-13, 2005 CL St Louis, MO ID SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; MISSOURI RIVER; MOVEMENTS; PLATORYNCHUS; RESPONSES; FISHES; ALBUS AB Thirty gravid, female shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynehus platorynchus) were captured in the Lower Missouri River in March 2004 to evaluate the effectiveness of physiology, telemetry and remote sensor technology coupled with change point analysis in identifying when and where Scaphirhynchus sturgeon spawn. Captured sturgeons were instrumented with ultrasonic transmitters and with archival data storage tags (DST) that recorded temperature and pressure. Female sturgeon were tracked through the suspected spawning period. Thereafter, attempts were made to recapture fish to evaluate spawning success. At the time of transmitter implantation, blood and an ovarian biopsy were taken. Reproductive hormones and cortisol were measured in blood. Polarization indices and germinal vesicle breakdown were assessed on the biopsied oocytes to determine readiness to spawn. Behavioral data collected using telemetry and DST sensors were used to determine the direction and magnitude of possible spawning-related movements and to identify the timing of potential spawning events. Upon recapture observations of the ovaries and blood chemistry provided measures of spawning success and comparative indicators to explain differences in observed behavior. Behavioral and physiological indicators of spawning interpreted along with environmental measures may assist in the determination of variables that may cue sturgeon reproduction and the conditions under which sturgeon successfully spawn. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, ASRC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP DeLonay, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, ASRC, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM adelonay@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 428 EP 435 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00894.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200IC UT WOS:000248756100016 ER PT J AU Bajer, PG Wildhaber, ML AF Bajer, P. G. Wildhaber, M. L. TI Population viability analysis of Lower Missouri River shovelnose sturgeon with initial application to the pallid sturgeon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution, Ecology, and Management of Scaphirhynchus CY JAN 11-13, 2005 CL St Louis, MO ID SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-PLATORYNCHUS; THREATENED FISHES; STRIPED BASS; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; CONSERVATION; ALBUS; MODEL; AGE AB Demographic models for the shovelnose (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) and pallid (S. albus) sturgeons in the Lower Missouri River were developed to conduct sensitivity analyses for both populations. Potential effects of increased fishing mortality on the shovelnose sturgeon were also evaluated. Populations of shovelnose and pallid sturgeon were most sensitive to age-0 mortality rates as well as mortality rates of juveniles and young adults. Overall, fecundity was a less sensitive parameter. However, increased fecundity effectively balanced higher mortality among sensitive age classes in both populations. Management that increases population -level fecundity and improves survival of age-0, juveniles, and young adults should most effectively benefit both populations. Evaluation of reproductive values indicated that populations of pallid sturgeon dominated by ages >= 35 could rapidly lose their potential for growth, particularly if recruitment remains low. Under the initial parameter values portraying current conditions the population of shovelnose sturgeon was predicted to decline by 1.65% annually, causing the commercial yield to also decline. Modeling indicated that the commercial yield could increase substantially if exploitation of females in ages <= 12 was highly restricted. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Wildhaber, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM mwildhaber@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 457 EP 464 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00879.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200IC UT WOS:000248756100020 ER PT J AU Shuman, DA Parham, JE Peters, EJ AF Shuman, D. A. Parham, J. E. Peters, E. J. TI Stock characteristics of shovelnose sturgeon in the lower Platte River, Nebraska SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution, Ecology, and Management of Scaphirhynchus CY JAN 11-13, 2005 CL St Louis, MO ID SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-PLATORYNCHUS AB The objectives of this research were to evaluate the condition, size structure, and growth of shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) in the lower Platte River, Nebraska. A total of 1338 shovelnose sturgeon was collected using drifted gill and trammel nets (n = 954), trot lines (n = 340), and benthic trawls (n = 44) in the spring, summer, and autumn from four reaches: (i) Two Rivers State Park, (ii) confluence of Platte and Elkhorn rivers (iii) Louisville, Nebraska, and (iv) confluence of Platte and Missouri rivers during the spring, summer, and autumn of 2000 through 2004. Structural and condition indices were compared among reaches and years. Incremental relative stock densities (RSD) for shovelnose sturgeon sampled throughout the entire lower Platte River were: stock-quality (1), quality-preferred (12), preferred-memorable (82), and memorable-trophy (5). Proportional stock values were > 99 for all years. A significance was detected in RSD categories among reaches and years with larger lengthcategories observed in the upstream reaches. Mean relative weight (W,.) for all shovelnose sturgeon was 86.5, indicating a fit population. Mean W,. showed no significant differences among years, but significance was detected among reaches and RSD categories. Shovelnose sturgeon in the lower Platte River appear to be in good condition and exhibit different length-frequency distributions longitudinally. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Management, Assistance Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Shuman, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Management, Assistance Off, 420 S Garfield Ave,Suite 400, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. EM dane_shuman@fws.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 484 EP 488 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00880.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200IC UT WOS:000248756100023 ER PT J AU Rider, SJ Hartfield, P AF Rider, S. J. Hartfield, P. TI Conservation and collection efforts for the endangered Alabama sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution, Ecology, and Management of Scaphirhynchus CY JAN 11-13, 2005 CL St Louis, MO AB The Alabama sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi) is the rarest and most endangered sturgeon species in North America. Over an 8-year period, the Alabama Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service cumulatively expended 2447 man-days in efforts to collect Alabama sturgeon broodstock in an attempt to initiate a conservation propagation program. Out of nearly 29 000 fishes collected between March 1997 and May 2005, only five were Alabama sturgeon. Attempts to spawn and propagate these sturgeons were unsuccessful, and all have since died in captivity. In context with past collection efforts and anecdotal accounts, these results indicate that the Alabama sturgeon is becoming increasingly rare with the passage of time. Although there is evidence that some level of recruitment continued to occur in the Alabama River during the past decade, the increasing rarity of Alabama sturgeon suggests that mortality rates are exceeding recruitment. C1 Alabama Div Wildlife & Freshwater Fisheries, Montgomery, AL 36130 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, MS USA. RP Rider, SJ (reprint author), Alabama Div Wildlife & Freshwater Fisheries, 64 N Union St,Suite 551, Montgomery, AL 36130 USA. EM steve.rider@dcnr.alabama.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 489 EP 493 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00876.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200IC UT WOS:000248756100024 ER PT J AU Braaten, PJ Fuller, DB AF Braaten, P. J. Fuller, D. B. TI Growth rates of young-of-year shovelnose sturgeon in the Upper Missouri River SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution, Ecology, and Management of Scaphirhynchus CY JAN 11-13, 2005 CL St Louis, MO ID ONTOGENIC BEHAVIOR; SIBERIAN STURGEON; KOOTENAI RIVER; LARVAE; CONSERVATION; TEMPERATURE; EXTINCTION; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; SURVIVAL AB Information on growth during the larval and young-of-year life stages in natural river environments is generally lacking for most sturgeon species. In this study, methods for estimating ages and quantifying growth were developed for field-sampled larval and young-of-year shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchits in the upper Missouri River. First, growth was assessed by partitioning samples of young-of-year shovelnose sturgeon into cohorts, and regressing weekly increases in cohort mean length on sampling date. This method quantified relative growth because ages of the cohorts were unknown. Cohort increases in mean length among sampling dates were positively related (P < 0.05, r 2 > 0.59 for all cohorts) to sampling date, and yielded growth rate estimates of 0.80-2.95 mm day(-1) (2003) and 0.44-2.28 mm day(-1) (2004). Highest growth rates occurred in the largest (and earliest spawned) cohorts. Second, a method was developed to estimate cohort hatch dates, thus age on date of sampling could be determined. This method included quantification of post-hatch length increases as a function of water temperature (growth capacity; mm per thermal unit, mm TU-1), and summation of mean daily water temperatures to achieve the required number of thermal units that corresponded to post-hatch lengths of shovelnose sturgeon on sampling dates. For six of seven cohorts of shovelnose sturgeon analyzed, linear growth models (r 2 >= 0. 6 5, P < 0.0001) or Gompertz growth models (r 2 >= 0.83, P < 0.0001) quantified length-at-age from hatch through 55 days post-hatch (98-100 mm). Comparisons of length-at-age derived from the growth models indicated that length-at-age was greater for the earl ier-hatched cohorts than later-hatched cohorts. Estimated hatch dates for different cohorts were corroborated based on the dates that newlyhatched larval shovelnose sturgeon were sairipled in the drift. These results provide the first quantification of growth dynamics for field-sampled age-O shovelnose sturgeon in a natural river environment, and provide an accurate method for estimating age of wild-caught individuals. Methods of age determination used in this study have applications to sturgeons in other regions, but require additional testing and validation. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, Ft Peck, MT USA. RP Braaten, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. EM patrick_braaten@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 506 EP 515 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00821.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200IC UT WOS:000248756100027 ER PT J AU Braaten, PJ Fuller, DB McClenning, ND AF Braaten, P. J. Fuller, D. B. McClenning, N. D. TI Diet composition of larval and young-of-year shovelnose sturgeon, in the Upper Missouri River SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution, Ecology, and Management of Scaphirhynchus CY JAN 11-13, 2005 CL St Louis, MO ID ONTOGENIC BEHAVIOR; WHITE STURGEON; SIBERIAN STURGEON; GREEN STURGEON; GROWTH; PLATORYNCHUS; MIGRATION; SURVIVAL; FOOD AB Obtaining food following the transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding and during the first year of life is a critical event that strongly influences growth and survival of young-of-year fishes. For shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, limited information is available on food habits during the first year of life. The objective of this study was to quantify diet components of shovelnose sturgeon during the transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding and during the young-of-year life stage in the North Dakota and Montana portions of the Missouri River. Young-of-year shovelnose sturgeon were sampled between early August and early September 2003. Shovelnose sturgeon initiated exogenous feeding by 16 mm, and individuals 16-140 mm fed exclusively on two macroinvertebrate orders (Diptera and Ephemeroptera). Young-of-year shovelnose sturgeon exhibited an apparently high feeding success as 99 of 100 individuals contained food in the gut. The number of organisms in the gut increased exponentially with fish length for larval Diptera (r(2) = 0.73, P < 0.0001) and linearly (r(2) = 0.12, P = 0.0006) for larval Ephemeroptera, but the number of Diptera pupae in the gut was not significantly related (P = 0.55) to length of young-of-year shovelnose sturgeon. The length of ingested prey was linearly related to fish length for Diptera larvae (r(2) = 0.20, P = 0.002), whereas the relationship between lengths of ingested Ephemeroptera larvae and lengths of young-of-year shoveinose sturgeon was best described by a power function ( r (2)= 0.50, P < 0.0001). These results provide the first quantification of feeding dynamics for young-of-year shovelnose sturgeon in a natural river environment. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, Ft Peck, MT USA. RP Braaten, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. EM patrick_braaten@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 516 EP 520 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00822.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200IC UT WOS:000248756100028 ER PT J AU Shuman, DA Peters, EJ AF Shuman, D. A. Peters, E. J. TI Evaluation of pulsed gastric lavage on the survival of captive shovelnose sturgeon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution, Ecology, and Management of Scaphirhynchus CY JAN 11-13, 2005 CL St Louis, MO ID STOMACH CONTENTS AB Little is known about the diet of the endangered pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus. Because of this endangered status non-lethal methods to ascertain their food habits must be evaluated. Tests of pulsed gastric lavage (PGL) were conducted on shovelnose sturgeon S. platorynchus, as a surrogate for the pallid sturgeon, to determine if PGL negatively affected their survival. Nine sequential trials containing eight shovelnose sturgeon (N = 72) were conducted with wild fish collected from the Platte River near Louisville, Nebraska. Each trial group was placed into one of two tanks, with each tank containing three pulsed gastric lavaged fish and one control fish. Fish were weighed, measured, and tagged with a passive integrated transponder (PIT tag) before being transported to holding tanks for acclimation and PGL treatment. Sturgeon were acclimated 4-6 days prior to PGL, then held for 15 days after treatment. Temperature ' dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and nitrite were monitored dailyNo significant difference between the survival of PGL fish and control fish was detected. Because the test required these fish to endure the additional stress of transport and handling, PGL seems a viable technique that can be safely used to evaluate food habits of shovelnose sturgeon, and could be considered safe for pallid sturgeon food habit studies. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Management Assis, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Shuman, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Management Assis, 420 S Garfield Ave,Suite 400, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. EM dane_shuman@fws.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 521 EP 524 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00887.x PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200IC UT WOS:000248756100029 ER PT J AU Wanner, GA Shuman, DA Brown, ML Willis, DW AF Wanner, G. A. Shuman, D. A. Brown, M. L. Willis, D. W. TI An initial assessment of sampling procedures for juvenile pallid sturgeon in the Missouri River downstream of Fort Randall Dam, South Dakota and Nebraska SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution, Ecology, and Management of Scaphirhynchus CY JAN 11-13, 2005 CL St Louis, MO ID SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; HABITAT USE; MOVEMENTS; FISHES AB We compared the effectiveness of passive gill nets, hoop nets, set lines, and drifted trammel nets, towed beam trawls and otter trawls to develop criteria to best determine the mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) for juvenile pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) based on selectivity and seasonal efficiency in various habitats of the Missouri River downstream of Fort Randall Dam, South Dakota. Sampling occurred from April to November in 2003 and 2004 and from March to November in 2005. We captured 29 juvenile pallid sturgeon in a total of 498 overnight gill net sets, 55 in 870 drifted trammel nets, 19 on 1683 set lines, and six in 166 otter trawl tows. No pallid sturgeon were captured in 515 beam trawl tows or 520 overnight hoop net sets. Seasonal trends in mean CPUE were found and the relative precision was the greatest in October and November for gill nets, in August f. or trammel nets, in April for set lines, and in October for otter trawls. A higher proportion of pallid sturgeon captures for gill nets were in the inside bend macrohabitat generally associated with lower water velocities, trammel nets over sand substrate and in the outside bend macrohabitat typically associated with higher water velocities and greater depths, set lines in lower water velocities, and otter trawls in depths > 2.5 in and over sand substrate. Although we found trends among seasons and habitats for gill nets, trammel nets, set lines, and otter trawls, the catch rates were low and annual point estimates of relative abundance are not adequate to detect changes in relative abundance of juvenile pallid sturgeon in this reach of the Missouri River. Independently, gill nets, trammel nets, and otter trawls likely captured the size structure of the population of pallid sturgeon in the Missouri River downstream of Fort Randall Dam. Based on our results, a standardized protocol can now be established to systematically monitor juvenile pallid sturgeon, an essential element for determining responses to recovery efforts in the Missouri River. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Management Assistanc, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Wanner, GA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Management Assistanc, 420 Garifield Ave,Ste 400, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. EM Greg_Wanner@fws.gov RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 529 EP 538 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00890.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200IC UT WOS:000248756100031 ER PT J AU Newingham, BA Vidiella, P Belnap, J AF Newingham, B. A. Vidiella, P. Belnap, J. TI Do soil characteristics or microhabitat determine field emergence and success of Bromus tectorum? SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE herbivory; Hilaria jamesii; litter; plant canopy; soil chemistry; Stipa ID NATIVE CRUCIFER; DEMOGRAPHIC RESPONSES; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; NUTRIENT COMPETITION; AGROPYRON-SPICATUM; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SMALL MAMMALS; WEED-CONTROL; DOWNY BROME; GREAT-BASIN AB In southeastern Utah, Bronius tectorum occurs where Hilaria jamesii is dominant and rarely where Stipa hymenoides/S. comata dominate. To determine whether this distribution is due to soil characteristics or microhabitat, we transplanted H. jamesii soil to a Stipa site and vice versa during a severe drought (2001) and a wetter year (2002). Additionally, we planted B. tectorum under H. jamesii and Stipa canopies, with or without H. jamesii litter, and with or without herbivory. Bromus tectorum emergence and biomass in reciprocal transplants were similar at both sites; there were no site differences for all microhabitat treatments. Being under a plant canopy increased emergence in 2001 and decreased survival during 2002. Herbivory decreased emergence in 2001 and decreased survival during 2002. Litter increased emergence only under the canopy in 2001 but did not affect survival in 2002. Survival in 2001 was so low that biomass was unattainable; no microhabitat treatments affected biomass in 2002. We found that soil characteristics and microhabitat affected B. tectortum similarly in H. jamesii and Stipa patches, suggesting that these factors do not explain the association between R tectorum and H. jamesii. However, these relationships may change during wet years when B. tectorum invasions most often occur. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Newingham, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, 2290 S West Resource Bldg, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM newingha@unlv.nevada.edu NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 389 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.013 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179KR UT WOS:000247288900001 ER PT J AU Nagler, PL Glenn, EP Kim, H Emmerich, W Scott, RL Huxman, TE Huete, AR AF Nagler, P. L. Glenn, E. P. Kim, H. Emmerich, W. Scott, R. L. Huxman, T. E. Huete, A. R. TI Relationship between evapotranspiration and precipitation pulses in a semiarid rangeland estimated by moisture flux towers and MODIS vegetation indices SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; semiarid environments; riparian; shrubland; grassland; ecohydrology ID RIPARIAN EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; CROP COEFFICIENTS; USE EFFICIENCY; ENVIRONMENTS; RAINFALL; CO2; TRANSPIRATION; HETEROGENEITY; EVAPORATION AB We used moisture Bowen ratio flux tower data and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) on the Terra satellite to measure and scale evapotranspiration (ET) over sparsely vegetated grassland and shrubland sites in a semiarid watershed in southeastern Arizona from 2000 to 2004. The grassland tower site had higher mean annual ET (336 mm yr(-1)) than the shrubland tower site (266 mm yr(-1)) (P < 0.001). ET measured at the individual tower sites was strongly correlated with EVI (r = 0.80-0.94). ET was moderately correlated with precipitation (P), and only weakly correlated with net radiation or air temperature. The strong correlation between ET and EVI, as opposed to the moderate correlation with rainfall, suggests that transpiration (T) is the dominant process controlling ET at these sites. ET could be adequately predicted from EVI and P across seasons and tower sites (r(2) = 0.74) by a single multiple regression equation. The regression equation relating ET to EVI and P was used to scale ET over 25 km 2 areas of grassland and shrubland around each tower site. Over the study, ratios of T to ET ranged from 0.75 to 1.0. Winter rains stimulated spring ET, and a large rain event in fall, 2000, stimulated ET above T through the following year, indicating that winter rain stored in the soil profile can be an important component of the plants' water budget during the warm season in this ecosystem. We conclude that remotely sensed vegetation indices can be used to scale ground measurements of ET over larger landscape units in semiarid ranglelands, and that the vegetation communities in this landscape effectively harvest the available precipitation over a period of years, even though precipitation patterns are variably seasonally and interannually. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Nagler, PL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, US Geol Survey, BioSci E Bldg,Room 125, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pnagler@ag.arizona.edu; eglenn@Ag.Arizona.Edu RI Huete, Alfredo/C-1294-2008 OI Huete, Alfredo/0000-0003-2809-2376 NR 42 TC 54 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 44 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 443 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.026 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179KR UT WOS:000247288900005 ER PT J AU Thomas, NJ Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS Cole, RA Meteyer, CU AF Thomas, N. J. Dubey, J. P. Lindsay, D. S. Cole, R. A. Meteyer, C. U. TI Protozoal meningoencephalitis in sea otters (Enhydra lutris): a histopathological and immunohistochemical study of naturally occurring cases SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enhydra lutris; sea otter; immunohistochemistry; meningoencephalitis; Sarcocystis neurona; Toxoplasma gondii ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION; PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI; PACIFIC HARBOR SEAL; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; WASHINGTON-STATE; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; PROCYON-LOTOR; TISSUE CYSTS; NEREIS AB Protozoal meningoencephalitis is considered to be all important cause of mortality, in the California sea otter (Enhydra lutris). Thirty nine of 344 (11.3%) California (CA) and Washington state (WA) sea otters examined front 1985 to 2004 had histopathological evidence of significant protozoal meningoencephalitis. The aetiological agents and histopathological changes associated with these protozoal infections are described. The morphology of the actively multiplicative life stages of the organisms (tachyzoites for Toxoplasma gondii and merozoites for Sarcocystis neurona) and immunohistochemical labelling were used to identify infection with S. neurona (n = 22, 56.4%) T. gondii (n = 57 12.8%) or dual infection with both organisms (n = 12, 30.8%). Active S. neurona was present in all dual infections. while most had only the latent form of T. gondii. In S. neurona meningoencephalitis, multifocal to diffuse gliosis vas widespread in grey matter and consistently present in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Ill T gondii meningoencephalitis, discrete foci of gliosis and malacia were more widely separated, sometimes incorporated pigment-laden macrophages and mineral, and were found predominantly in the cerebral cortex. Quiescent tissue cysts of T. gondii were considered to be incidental and not a cause of clinical disease and mortality. Protozoal meningoencephalitis was diagnosed more frequently in the expanding population of WA sea otters (10 of 31, 32.3%) than in the declining C A population (29 of 313, 9.3%). Among sea otters with protozoal memingoencephalitis, those that had displayed neurological signs prior to death had active S. neurona encephalitis, supporting, the conclusion that S. neurona is the most significant protozoal pathogen in the central nervous system of sea otters. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Madison, WI 53711 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasite Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Thomas, NJ (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM nancy.thomas@usgs.gov RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 38 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD AUG-OCT PY 2007 VL 137 IS 2-3 BP 102 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.05.001 PG 20 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 215NV UT WOS:000249817200003 PM 17692867 ER PT J AU Henning, JA Gresswell, RE Fleming, IA AF Henning, J. A. Gresswell, R. E. Fleming, I. A. TI Use of seasonal freshwater wetlands by fishes in a temperate river floodplain SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coho salmon; floodplain; off-channel rearing habitat; Olympic mudminnow; wetland restoration ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; INVERTEBRATES; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; RESPONSES; CHANNEL; MARSH; LAKES AB This study examined the use of freshwater wetland restoration and enhancement projects (i.e. non-estuarine wetlands subject to seasonal drying) by fish populations. To quantify fish use of freshwater emergent wetlands and assess the effect of wetland enhancement (i.e. addition of water control structures), two enhanced and two unenhanced emergent wetlands were compared, as well as two oxbow habitats within the Chehalis River floodplain. Eighteen fish species were captured using fyke nets and emigrant traps from January to the beginning of June, with the most abundant being three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus and Olympic mudminnow Novumbra hubbsi. Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch was the dominant salmonid at all sites. Enhanced wetlands, with their extended hydroperiods, had significantly higher abundances of yearling coho salmon than unenhanced wetlands. Both enhanced and unenhanced emergent wetlands yielded higher abundances of non-game native fishes than oxbow habitats. Oxbow habitats, however, were dominated by coho salmon. Fish survival in the wetland habitats was dependent on emigration to the river before dissolved oxygen concentrations decreased and wetlands became isolated and stranding occurred. This study suggests that wetland enhancement projects with an outlet to the river channel appear to provide fishes with important temporary habitats if they have the opportunity to leave the wetland as dissolved oxygen levels deteriorate. (c) 2007 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2007 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. FRESC, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Henning, JA (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 165 Osprey Lane, Washington, DC 98591 USA. EM hennijah@dfw.wa.gov RI Fleming, Ian/I-7217-2012 NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 476 EP 492 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01503.x PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200WQ UT WOS:000248793900012 ER PT J AU Hershberger, PK Gregg, J Pacheco, C Winton, J Richard, J Traxler, G AF Hershberger, P. K. Gregg, J. Pacheco, C. Winton, J. Richard, J. Traxler, G. TI Larval Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes), are highly susceptible to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia and survivors are partially protected after their metamorphosis to juveniles SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE disease ecology; Pacific herring larvae; protection; susceptibility; viral haemorrhagic septicaemia ID NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; BASS DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; MARINE FISH; VIRUS VHSV; ONTOGENY; USA; ALASKA; CELLS; WASHINGTON AB Pacific herring were susceptible to waterborne challenge with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) throughout their early life history stages, with significantly greater cumulative mortalities occurring among VHSV-exposed groups of 9-, 44-, 54- and 76-day-old larvae than among respective control groups. Similarly, among 89-day-1-year-old and 1+year old post-metamorphosed juveniles, cumulative mortality was significantly greater in VHSV-challenged groups than in respective control groups. Larval exposure to VHSV conferred partial protection to the survivors after their metamorphosis to juveniles as shown by significantly less cumulative mortalities among juvenile groups that survived a VHS epidemic as larvae than among groups that were previously naive to VHSV. Magnitude of the protection, measured as relative per cent survival, was a direct function of larval age at first exposure and was probably a reflection of gradual developmental onset of immunocompetence. These results indicate the potential for easily overlooked VHS epizootics among wild larvae in regions where the virus is endemic and emphasize the importance of early life history stages of marine fish in influencing the ecological disease processes. C1 US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 8 BP 445 EP 458 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00829.x PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 194VM UT WOS:000248371900001 PM 17640248 ER PT J AU Bjerklie, DM AF Bjerklie, David M. TI Estimating the bankfull velocity and discharge for rivers using remotely sensed river morphology information SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrology; bankfull velocity of rivers; bankfull discharge of rivers; river flow; river meander; flow resistance and meandering in rivers; remote sensing of rivers ID MODELS AB A method to estimate the bankfull velocity and discharge in rivers that uses the morphological variables of the river channel, including bankfull width, channel slope, and meander length was developed and tested. Because these variables can be measured remotely from topographic and river alignment information derived from aerial photos and satellite imagery, it is possible that the bankfutt state of flow can be estimated for rivers entirely from remotely-sensed information. Defining the bankfult hydraulics of rivers would also provide a reference condition for remote tracking of dynamic variables including width, stage, and slope, and for quantifying relative change in flow conditions of rivers over large regions. This could provide a more efficient method to inventory and quantify river hydraulic attributes and dynamics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Connecticut Water Sci Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Bjerklie, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Connecticut Water Sci Ctr, 101 Pitkin St, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM dmbjerkl@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 341 IS 3-4 BP 144 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.04.011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 198RO UT WOS:000248645400002 ER PT J AU Reynolds-Hogland, MJ Mitchell, MS AF Reynolds-Hogland, Melissa J. Mitchell, Michael S. TI Effects of roads on habitat quality for bears in the Southern Appalachians: A long-term study SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE black bears; habitat selection; habitat quality; roads; southern Appalachian Mountains; Ursus americanus ID BLACK BEARS; HOME-RANGE; MAST PRODUCTION; SOFT MAST; MOUNTAINS; MOVEMENTS; FOREST; MINNESOTA; MORTALITY; SELECTION AB We tested the hypothesis that gravel roads, not paved roads, had the largest negative effect on habitat quality for a population of American black bears (Ursus americanus) that lived in a protected area, where vehicle collision was a relatively minimal source of mortality. We also evaluated whether road use by bears differed by sex or age and whether annual variation in hard mast productivity affected the way bears used areas near roads. In addition, we tested previous findings regarding the spatial extent to which roads affected bear behavior negatively. Using summer and fall home ranges for 118 black bears living in the Pisgah Bear Sanctuary in western North Carolina during 1981-2001, we estimated both home-range-scale (2nd-order) and within-home-range-scale (3rd-order) selection for areas within 250, 500, 800, and 1,600 m of paved and gravel roads. All bears avoided areas near gravel roads more than they avoided areas near paved roads during summer and fall for 2nd-order selection and during summer for 3rd-order selection. During fall, only adult females avoided areas near gravel roads more than they avoided areas near paved roads for 3rd-order selection. We found a positive relationship between use of roads by adults and annual variability in hard mast productivity. Overall, bears avoided areas within 800 m of gravel roads. Future research should determine whether avoidance of gravel roads by bears affects bear survival. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Reynolds-Hogland, MJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 NR 80 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 17 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1050 EP 1061 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-072R1.1 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 204XO UT WOS:000249077500023 ER PT J AU Reynolds-Hogland, MJ Mitchell, MS Powell, RA Brown, DC AF Reynolds-Hogland, Melissa J. Mitchell, Michael S. Powell, Roger A. Brown, Dottie C. TI Selection of den sites by black bears in the southern Appalachians SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE bears; dens; habitat quality; roads; southern Appalachian Mountains; Ursus americanus ID URSUS-AMERICANUS; DENNING ECOLOGY; HOME-RANGE; SOFT MAST; BEHAVIOR; AVAILABILITY; CALIFORNIA; CORRIDORS; MOVEMENTS; VIRGINIA AB We evaluated selection of den sites by American black bears (Ursus americanus) in the Pisgah Bear Sanctuary, western North Carolina, by comparing characteristics of dens at 53 den sites with availability of habitat characteristics in annual home ranges of bears and in the study area. We also tested whether den-site selection differed by sex, age, and reproductive status of bears. In addition, we evaluated whether the den component of an existing habitat model for black bears predicted where bears would select den sites. We found bears selected den sites far from gravel roads, on steep slopes, and at high elevations relative to what was available in both annual home ranges and in the study area. Den-site selection did not differ by sex or age, but it differed by reproductive status. Adult females with cubs preferred to den in areas that were relatively far from gravel roads, but adult females without cubs did not. The habitat model overestimated the value of areas near gravel roads, underestimated the value of moderately steep areas, and did not include elevation as a predictor variable. Our results highlight the importance of evaluating den selection in terms of both use and availability of den characteristics. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. SW Community Coll, Sylva, NC 28779 USA. RP Reynolds-Hogland, MJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM meljor1@yahoo.com RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 25 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1062 EP 1073 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-329R1.1 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 204XO UT WOS:000249077500024 ER PT J AU Buckingham, SE Whitney, JW AF Buckingham, Susan E. Whitney, John W. TI GIS methodology for quantifying channel change in Las Vegas, Nevada SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE urban erosion; geospatial analysis; time series analysis; land cover change; sediment erosion calculation; channel evolution ID LAND-USE; RIVER; EROSION; STREAM AB This study applies spatial analyses to examine the consequences of accelerated urban expansion on a hydrologic system over a period of 24 years. Three sets of historical aerial photos are used in a GIS analysis to document the geomorphic history of Las Vegas Wash, which drains the rapidly growing Las Vegas urban area in southern Nevada. New spatial techniques are introduced to make quantitative measurements of the erosion at three specific time intervals in the hydrologic evolution of the channel and floodplain. Unlike other erosion studies that use two different elevation surfaces to assess erosion, this study used a single elevation surface to remove systematic and nonsystemic elevation errors. The spatial analysis quantifies channel changes for discrete time periods, calculates erosion volumes, and provides a foundation to examine how the specific mechanisms related to urban expansion have affected Las Vegas Wash. The erosion calculated over 24 years is the largest documented sediment loss attributed to the effect of rapid urban growth. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Buckingham, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM susan.buckingham@colorado.edu NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 888 EP 898 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00073.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 199FU UT WOS:000248682400006 ER PT J AU Warner, KL Morrow, WS AF Warner, Kelly L. Morrow, William S. TI Pesticide and transformation product detections and age-dating relations from till and sand deposits SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE pesticides; ground water hydrology; recharge; transformation product; age dating; glacial deposits ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; IN-GROUND WATER; ACID METABOLITES; CENTRAL INDIANA; ATRAZINE; DEGRADATION; METOLACHLOR; HERBICIDES; TRANSPORT; AQUIFERS AB Pesticide and transformation product concentrations and frequencies in ground water from areas of similar crop and pesticide applications may vary substantially with differing lithologies. Pesticide analysis data for atrazine, metolachlor, alachlor, acetochlor, and cyanazine and their pesticide transformation products were collected at 69 monitoring wells in Illinois and northern Indiana to document occurrence of pesticides and their transformation products in two agricultural areas of differing lithologies, till, and sand. The till is primarily tile drained and has preferential fractured flow, whereas the sand primarily has surface water drainage and primary porosity flow. Transformation products represent most of the agricultural pesticides in ground water regardless of aquifer material - till or sand. Transformation products were detected more frequently than parent pesticides in both the till and sand, with metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid being most frequently detected. Estimated ground-water recharge dates for the sand were based on chlorofluorocarbon analyses. These age-dating data indicate that ground water recharged prior to 1990 is more likely to have a detection of a pesticide or pesticide transformation product. Detections were twice as frequent in ground water recharged prior to 1990 (82%) than in ground water recharged on or after 1990 (33%). The highest concentrations of atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, and their transformation products, also were detected in samples from ground water recharged prior to 1990. These age/pesticide detection relations are opposite of what would normally be expected, and may be the result of preferential flow and/or ground-water mixing between aquifers and aquitards as evident by the detection of acetochlor transformation products in samples with estimated ground-water ages predating initial pesticide application. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Warner, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Illinois Dist,221 N Broadway, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM klwarner@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 911 EP 922 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00067.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 199FU UT WOS:000248682400008 ER PT J AU Bell, AH Scudder, BC AF Bell, Amanda H. Scudder, Barbara C. TI Mercury accumulation in periphyton of eight river ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE algae; sediment; rivers/streams; periphyton; mercury/methylmercury; bioaccumulation ID FRESH-WATER ALGAE; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; TROPHIC TRANSFER; FOOD WEBS; BIOACCUMULATION; METHYLMERCURY; FISH; MONOMETHYLMERCURY; METHYLATION AB In 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency studied total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in periphyton at eight rivers in the United States in coordination with a larger USGS study on mercury cycling in rivers. Periphyton samples were collected using trace element clean techniques and NAWQA sampling protocols in spring and fall from targeted habitats (streambed surface-sediment, cobble, or woody snags) at each river site. A positive correlation was observed between concentrations of THg and MeHg in periphyton (r(2) = 0.88, in log-log space). Mean MeHg and THg concentrations in surface-sediment periphyton were significantly higher (1,333 ng/m(2) for MeHg and 53,980 ng/m2 for THg) than cobble (64 ng/m(2) for MeHg and 1,192 ng/m(2) for THg) or woody snag (71 ng/m(2) for MeHg and 1,089 ng/m(2) for THg) periphyton. Concentrations of THg in surface-sediment periphyton had a strong positive correlation with concentrations of THg in sediment (dry weight). The ratio of MeHg:THg in surface-sediment periphyton increased with the ratio of MeHg:THg in sediment. These data suggest periphyton may play a key role in mercury bioaccumulation in river ecosystems. C1 US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Bell, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM ahbell@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 957 EP 968 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.0078.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 199FU UT WOS:000248682400012 ER PT J AU Bull, KF McPhie, J AF Bull, Katharine F. McPhie, Jocelyn TI Fiamme textures in volcanic successions: Flaming issues of definition and interpretation SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fiamme; pumice; welding; volcanic textures ID MOUNT READ VOLCANICS; NEW-ZEALAND; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA; WELDED TUFFS; BISHOP TUFF; IGNIMBRITE; FLOWS; COMPACTION; ROCKS AB Fiamme are aligned, "flame-like" lenses found in welded ignimbrite. Fiamme also occur in welded pyroclastic fall deposits, secondary welded pumice-rich facies, diagenetically altered and compacted non-welded, pumiceous, volcaniclastic facies and lavas. Fiamme can be formed in a variety of ways. The common genetic use of the term fiamme for pumice clasts that have undergone welding compaction is too narrow. "Fiamme" is best used as a descriptive term for elongate lenses or domains of the same mineralogy, texture and composition, which define a pre-tectonic foliation, and are separated by domains of different mineralogy, texture or composition. This descriptive term can be used regardless of the origin of the texture, and remains appropriate for flattened pumice clasts in welded ignimbrite. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 DGGS, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. Univ Tasmania, ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Sch Earth Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Bull, KF (reprint author), DGGS, Alaska Volcano Observ, 3354 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM katharine.bull@alaska.gov NR 66 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 164 IS 4 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.05.005 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 201KQ UT WOS:000248830600002 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, GS Gutierrez, RJ AF Zimmerman, Guthrie S. Gutierrez, R. J. TI The influence of ecological factors on detecting drumming ruffed grouse SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian model; Bonasa umbellus; detection rates; drumming surveys; habitat; Minnesota; ruffed grouse; weather ID POPULATION; PATTERNS; ALBERTA; TRENDS AB We surveyed drumming ruffed grouse (Bonasa umhellus) to estimate the probability of detecting an individual, and we used Bayesian model selection to assess the influence of factors that may affect detection probabilities of drumming grouse. We found the average probability of detecting a drumming ruffed grouse during a daily survey was 0.33. The probability of detecting a grouse was most strongly influenced by the temperature change during a survey ((beta) over cap (temp change) = 0.23, 95% probability interval [PI] = 0.13 <= (beta) over cap <= 0.33) and its interaction with temperature at the start of the survey ((beta) over cap= 0.01, 95% PI 1.42 x 10(-3) <= (beta) over cap <= 0.03). Although the best model also included a main effect of temperature at the start of surveys, this variable did not strongly correlate with detection probabilities ((beta) over cap (stat temp) = -0.03, 95% PI = 0.06 <= (beta) over cap <= 9.80 x 10(-5)). Model assessment using data collected at other sites indicated that this best model performed adequately (i.e., positive correlation between observed and predicted values) but did not explain much of the variation in detection rates. Our results are useful for understanding the historical drumming index used to assess ruffed grouse populations and for designing auditory surveys for this important game bird. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Zimmerman, GS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Guthrie_Zimmerman@fws.gov NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1765 EP 1772 DI 10.2193/2006-184 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 198VK UT WOS:000248655400005 ER PT J AU Twedt, DJ Wilson, RR Keister, AS AF Twedt, Daniel J. Wilson, R. Randy Keister, Amy S. TI Spatial models of northern bobwhite populations for conservation planning SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bobwhite; breeding bird survey; Colinus virginianus; land cover; landscape; quail; remote sensing; sustainable populations; West Gulf Coastal Plain ID LAND-COVER DATA; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; DECLINE AB Since 1980, northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) range-wide populations declined 3.9% annually. Within the West Gulf Coastal Plain Bird Conservation Region in the south-central United States, populations of this quail species have declined 6.8% annually. These declines sparked calls for land use change and prompted implementation of various conservation practices. However, to effectively reverse these declines and restore northern bobwhite to their former population levels, habitat conservation and management efforts must target establishment and maintenance of sustainable populations. To provide guidance for conservation and restoration of habitat capable of supporting sustainable northern bobwhite populations in the West Gulf Coastal Plain, we modeled their spatial distribution using landscape characteristics derived from 1992 National Land Cover Data and bird detections, from 1990 to 1994, along 10-stop Breeding Bird Survey route segments. Four landscape metrics influenced detections of northern bobwhite: detections were greater in areas with more grassland and increased aggregation of agricultural lands, but detections were reduced in areas with increased density of land cover edge and grassland edge. Using these landscape metrics, we projected the abundance and spatial distribution of northern bobwhite populations across the entire West Gulf Coastal Plain. Predicted populations closely approximated abundance estimates from a different cadre of concurrently collected data but model predictions did not accurately reflect bobwhite detections along species-specific call-count routes in Arkansas and Louisiana. Using similar methods, we also projected northern bobwhite population distribution circa 1980 based on Land Use Land Cover data and bird survey data from 1976 to 1984. We compared our 1980 spatial projections with our spatial estimate of 1992 populations to identify areas of population change. Additionally, we used our projection of the spatial distribution and abundance of bobwhite to predict areas of population sustainability. Our projections of population change and sustainability provide guidance for targeting habitat conservation and rehabilitation efforts for restoration of northern bobwhite populations in the West Gulf Coastal Plain. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 2524 S Frontage Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM dtwedt@usgs.gov OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1808 EP 1818 DI 10.2193/2006-567 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 198VK UT WOS:000248655400010 ER PT J AU Phillips, LM Powell, AN Taylor, EJ Rexstad, EA AF Phillips, Laura M. Powell, Abby N. Taylor, Eric J. Rexstad, Eric A. TI Use of the Beaufort sea by king eiders breeding on the north slope of Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Beaufort Sea; distribution; king eider; migration; satellite telemetry; Somateria spectabilis ID MIGRATION; SUMMER; MOLT AB We estimated areas used by king ciders (Somateria spectabilis) in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, how distributions of used areas varied, and characteristics that explained variation in the number of days spent at sea, to provide regulatory agencies with baseline data needed to minimize impacts of potential offshore oil development. We implanted sixty king ciders with satellite transmitters at nesting areas on the North Slope of Alaska, USA, in 2002-2004. More than 80% of marked eiders spent >2 weeks staging offshore prior to beginning a postbreeding molt migration. During postbreeding staging and migration, male king ciders had much broader distributions in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea than female eiders, which were concentrated in Harrison and Smith Bays. Distribution did not vary by sex during spring migration in the year after marking. Shorter residence times of riders and deeper water at locations used during spring migration suggest the Alaskan Beaufort Sea might not be as critical a staging area for king eiders during prebreeding as it is postbreeding. Residence time in the Beaufort Sea varied by sex, with female king eiders spending more days at sea than males in spring and during postbreeding. We conclude the Alaskan Beaufort Sea is an important staging area for king riders during postbreeding, and eider distribution should be considered by managers when mitigating for future offshore development. We recommend future studies examine the importance of spring staging areas outside the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Phillips, LM (reprint author), Denali Natl Pk & Preserve, Ctr Resources Sci & Learning, POB 9, Denali Natl Pk, AK 99755 USA. EM laura_phillips@nps.gov OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X; Rexstad, Eric/0000-0002-4323-8161 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1892 EP 1898 DI 10.2193/2005-636 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 198VK UT WOS:000248655400019 ER PT J AU Long, RA Donovan, TM Mackay, P Zielinski, WJ Buzas, JS AF Long, Robert A. Donovan, Therese M. Mackay, Paula Zielinski, William J. Buzas, Jeffrey S. TI Effectiveness of scat detection dogs for detecting forest carnivores SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black bear; bobcat; detection dog; fisher; Lynx rufus; Martes pennanti; scat; survey; Ursus americanus; Vermont ID OCCUPANCY; POPULATIONS; RATES; DETECTABILITY; FISHERS; RANGE; FECES AB We assessed the detection and accuracy rates of detection dogs trained to locate scats from free-ranging black bears (Ursus americanus), fishers (Martes pennanti), and bobcats (Lynx rufus). During the summers of 2003-2004, 5 detection teams located 1,565 scats (747 putative black bear, 665 putative fisher, and 153 putative bobcat) at 168 survey sites throughout Vermont, USA. Of 347 scats genetically analyzed for species identification, 179 (51.6%) yielded a positive identification, 131 (37.8%) failed to yield DNA information, and 37 (10.7%) yielded DNA but provided no species confirmation. For 70 survey sites where confirmation of a putative target species' scat was not possible, we assessed the probability that >= 1 of the scats collected at the site was deposited by the target species (probability of correct identification; P(ID)). Based on species confirmations Or PID values, we detected bears at 57.1% (96) of sites, fishers at 61.3% (103) of sites, and bobcats at 12.5% (21) of sites. We estimated that the mean probability of detecting the target species (when present) during a single visit to a site was 0.86 for black bears, 0.95 for fishers, and 0.40 for bobcats. The probability of detecting black bears was largely unaffected by site- or visit-specific covariates, but the probability of detecting fishers varied by detection team. We found little or no effect of topographic ruggedness, vegetation density, or local weather (e.g., temp, humidity) on detection probability for fishers or black bears (data were insufficient for bobcat analyses). Detection dogs were highly effective at locating scats from forest carnivores and provided an efficient and accurate method for collecting detection-nondetection data on multiple species. C1 Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Math & Stat, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Long, RA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Road Ecol Program, POB 1654, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. EM robert.long@coe.montana.edu NR 39 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 2007 EP 2017 DI 10.2193/2006-230 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 198VK UT WOS:000248655400035 ER PT J AU Long, RA Donovan, TM Mackay, P Zielinski, WJ Buzas, JS AF Long, Robert A. Donovan, Therese M. Mackay, Paula Zielinski, William J. Buzas, Jeffrey S. TI Comparing scat detection dogs, cameras, and hair snares for surveying carnivores SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black bear; bobcat; carnivore; detection dog; fisher; Lynx rufus; Martes pennanti; noninvasive; survey; Ursus americanus ID TRIGGERED CAMERAS; BLACK BEARS; EFFICACY; BOBCATS; RATES; USA AB Carnivores typically require large areas of habitat, exist at low natural densities, and exhibit elusive behavior - characteristics that render them difficult to study. Noninvasive survey methods increasingly provide means to collect extensive data on carnivore occupancy, distribution, and abundance. During the summers of 2003-2004, we compared the abilities of scat detection dogs, remote cameras, and hair snares to detect black bears (Ursus americanus), fishers (Martes pennanti), and bobcats (Lynx rufus) at 168 sites throughout Vermont. All 3 methods detected black bears; neither fishers nor bobcats were detected by hair snares. Scat detection dogs yielded the highest raw detection rate and probability of detection (given presence) for each of the target species, as well as the greatest number of unique detections (i.e., occasions when only one method detected the target species). We estimated that the mean probability of detecting the target species during a single visit to a site with a detection dog was 0.87 for black bears, 0.84 for fishers, and 0.27 for bobcats. Although the cost of surveying with detection dogs was higher than that of remote cameras or hair snares, the efficiency of this method rendered it the most cost-effective survey method. C1 Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Math & Stat, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Long, RA (reprint author), Western Transportat, Road Ecol Program, POB 1654, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. EM robert.long@coe.montana.edu NR 23 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 70 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 2018 EP 2025 DI 10.2193/2006-292 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 198VK UT WOS:000248655400036 ER PT J AU Bodkin, JL Monson, DH Esslinger, GG AF Bodkin, James L. Monson, Daniel H. Esslinger, George G. TI Activity budgets derived from time-depth recorders in a diving mammal SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; behavior; diving; Enhydra lutris; population assessment; population status; sea otter; TDR; time budget; time-depth recorders ID CALIFORNIA SEA OTTERS; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; PREY; BEHAVIOR; ALASKA; REPRODUCTION; GUILLEMOTS AB We describe a method to convert continuously collected time-depth data from archival time-depth recorders (TDRs) into activity budgets for a benthic-foraging marine mammal. We used data from 14 TDRs to estimate activity- specific time budgets in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) residing near Cross Sound, southeast Alaska, USA. From the TDRs we constructed a continuous record of behavior for each individual over 39-46 days during summer of 1999. Behaviors were classified as foraging (diving to the bottom), other diving (traveling, grooming, interacting), and nondiving (assumed resting). The overall average activity budget (proportion of 24-hr/d) was 0.37 foraging (8.9 hr/d), 0.11 in other diving (2.6 hr/d), and 0.52 nondiving time (12.5 hr/d). We detected significant differences in activity budgets among individuals and between groups within our sample. Historically, the sea otter population in our study area had been expanding and sequentially reoccupying vacant habitat since their reintroduction to the area in the 1960s, and our study animals resided in 2 adjacent yet distinct locations. Males (n = 5) and individuals residing in recently occupied habitat (n = 4) spent 0.28-0.30 of their time foraging (6.7-7.2 hr/d), 0.17-0.18 of their time in other diving behaviors (4.1-4.3 hr/d), and 0.53-0.54 of their time resting (12.7-13.0 hr/d). In contrast, females (n = 9) and individuals residing in longer occupied habitat (n = 10) spent 0.40 of their time foraging (9.6 hr/d), 0.08-0.09 of their time in other diving behaviors (1.9-2.2 hr/d), and 0.51-0.52 of their time resting (12.2-12.5 hr/d). Consistent with these differences, sea otters residing in more recently occupied habitat captured more and larger clams (Saxidomus spp., Protothaca spp., Macoma spp., Mya spp., Clinocardium spp.) and other prey, and intertidal clams were more abundant and larger in this area. We found that TDRs provided data useful for measuring activity time budgets and behavior patterns in a diving mammal over long and continuous time periods. Fortuitous contrasts in time budgets between areas where our study animals resided suggest that activity time budgets estimated from TDRs may be a sensitive indicator of population status, particularly in relation to prey availability. C1 Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Bodkin, JL (reprint author), Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM OHJames_Bodkin@usgs.gov RI Monson, Daniel/N-4469-2013 OI Monson, Daniel/0000-0002-4593-5673 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 2034 EP 2044 DI 10.2193/2006-258 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 198VK UT WOS:000248655400038 ER PT J AU Brooks, RA Nizinski, MS Ross, SW Sulak, KJ AF Brooks, R. Allen Nizinski, Martha S. Ross, Steve W. Sulak, Kenneth J. TI Frequency of sublethal injury in a deepwater ophiuroid, Ophiacantha bidentata, an important component of western Atlantic Lophelia reef communities SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARM REGENERATION; BRITTLE-STARS; MICROPHIOPHOLIS-GRACILLIMA; ASTROBRACHION-CONSTRICTUM; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; ROCKALL TROUGH; FIELD SURVEY; CORAL-REEFS; TISSUE LOSS; ECHINODERMATA AB The occurrence and relative abundance of tissue (arm) regeneration in the ophiuroid, Ophiacantha bidentata (Retzius), was examined in individuals collected primarily among colonies of the deep-water coral Lophelia pertusa off the southeastern United States. Seven deep-water coral sites (384-756 m), located between Cape Lookout, NC, and Cape Canaveral, FL, were sampled in June 2004 using a manned submersible. The presence of regenerative tissue was evaluated by visual inspection of each individual ophiuroid, and the proportion of regenerating arms per individual was examined relative to size of individual, geographic location, and depth of collection. Ophiacantha bidentata, the dominant brittle star collected, commonly displayed signs of sublethal injury with over 60% of individuals displaying some evidence of regeneration. These levels of regeneration rival those reported for shallow-water ophiuroids. Larger individuals (> 6.5 mm disc size) had a higher incidence of regeneration than smaller individuals. Size of individual and percent of regeneration were negatively correlated with depth. Although O. bidentata was significantly less abundant in southern versus northern sites, ophiuroid abundance did not appear to be influenced by amount or density of coral substratum. Presence of dense aggregations of O. bidentata indicates that they are an important component of the invertebrate assemblage associated with deep-water coral habitat especially in the northern part of the study area. Assuming that observed frequencies of injury and subsequent regeneration represent predation events then dense ophiuroid aggregations in deep-water coral habitats represent an important renewable trophic resource within these communities. C1 NOAA NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Nizinski, MS (reprint author), NOAA NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012 MRC 153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM nizinski@si.edu NR 43 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 152 IS 2 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0690-4 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 192GR UT WOS:000248189300009 ER PT J AU Morishige, C Donohue, MJ Flint, E Swenson, C Woolaway, C AF Morishige, Carey Donohue, Mary J. Flint, Elizabeth Swenson, Christopher Woolaway, Christine TI Factors affecting marine debris deposition at french frigate shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument, 1990-2006 SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE marine debris; French Frigate Shoals; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands; El Nine; La Nina; seabirds ID PLASTIC DEBRIS; FISHING GEAR; PELAGIC TAR; MONK SEAL; OCEAN; ACCUMULATION; POLLUTION; CORAL AB Data on the amount and type of small debris items deposited on the beaches of the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge Tern Island station, French Frigate Shoals were collected over 16 years. We calculated deposition rates and investigated the relationship among deposition and year, season, El Nino and La Nina events from 1990 to 2006. In total 52,442 debris items were collected with plastic comprising 71% of all items collected. Annual debris deposition varied significantly (range 1116-5195 items) but was not influenced by season. Debris deposition was significantly greater during El Nino events as compared to La Nina events. Although often deduced to influence floating marine pollution, this study provides the first quantitative evidence of the influence of El Nino/La Nina cycles on marine debris deposition. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Marine Debris Program, IM Syst Grp, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. Univ Hawaii, Sea Grant Coll Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. Chris Woolaway & Associates, LLC, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. RP Morishige, C (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Debris Program, IM Syst Grp, HI Humpback Whale NMS,6600 Kalanianaole Highway,, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. EM carey.morishige@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1162 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.04.014 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 206CU UT WOS:000249162300019 PM 17572447 ER PT J AU Alexander, CMOD Grossman, JN Ebel, D AF Alexander, C. M. O' D. Grossman, J. N. Ebel, D. TI Did chondrules form in the nebula? SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 13-17, 2007 CL Tucson, AZ SP Meteorit Soc, Univ Arizona Lunar & Planetary Lab, Univ Arizona Dept Geosci, Univ Arizona Coll Sci, Life & Planets Astrobiol Ctr, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, SW Meteorite Ctr, Steward Observ, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Planetary Sci Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Lockheed Martin, Cameca, New Wave, Planetary Studies Fdn, Thermo Finnigan, Univ Arizona Press, Tucson Visitors & Convent Bur, Univ Arizona Dept Phys C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20015 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planet, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM alexande@dtm.ciw.edu; jgrossman@usgs.gov; debel@amnh.org NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 SU S BP A12 EP A12 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200HZ UT WOS:000248755800006 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CS McHone, JF Macdonald, FA AF Shoemaker, C. S. McHone, J. F. Macdonald, F. A. TI Chaos downunder: The shoemakers' pioneering search for Australian craters SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 13-17, 2007 CL Tucson, AZ SP Meteorit Soc, Univ Arizona Lunar & Planetary Lab, Univ Arizona Dept Geosci, Univ Arizona Coll Sci, Life & Planets Astrobiol Ctr, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, SW Meteorite Ctr, Steward Observ, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Planetary Sci Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Lockheed Martin, Cameca, New Wave, Planetary Studies Fdn, Thermo Finnigan, Univ Arizona Press, Tucson Visitors & Convent Bur, Univ Arizona Dept Phys C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM cshoemaker@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 SU S BP A141 EP A141 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200HZ UT WOS:000248755800264 ER PT J AU Zipfel, J Grossman, JN Connolly, H AF Zipfel, J. Grossman, J. N. Connolly, H. TI 50 years of the meteoritical bulletin SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 13-17, 2007 CL Tucson, AZ SP Meteorit Soc, Univ Arizona Lunar & Planetary Lab, Univ Arizona Dept Geosci, Univ Arizona Coll Sci, Life & Planets Astrobiol Ctr, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, SW Meteorite Ctr, Steward Observ, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Planetary Sci Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Lockheed Martin, Cameca, New Wave, Planetary Studies Fdn, Thermo Finnigan, Univ Arizona Press, Tucson Visitors & Convent Bur, Univ Arizona Dept Phys C1 Senckenberg, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. USGS, Reston, VA USA. CUNY, Kingsborough Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. EM jzipfel@senckenberg.de NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 SU S BP A170 EP A170 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200HZ UT WOS:000248755800323 ER PT J AU Funk, WC Caldwell, JP Peden, CE Padial, JM De la Riva, I Cannatella, DC AF Funk, W. Chris Caldwell, Janalee P. Peden, Colin E. Padial, Jose M. De la Riva, Ignacio Cannatella, David C. TI Tests of biogeographic hypotheses for diversification in the Amazonian forest frog, Physalaemus petersi SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Physalaemus; frog; Amazon basin; mitochondrial DNA; phylogeography; speciation; population expansion ID PUSTULOSUS SPECIES GROUP; RIVERINE BARRIER HYPOTHESIS; DNA-SEQUENCE VARIATION; POPULATION-GROWTH; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; ANDEAN TECTONICS; TUNGARA FROG; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SPECIATION; MODEL AB Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the biogeographic processes that generate the high species richness of the Amazon basin. We tested two of them in a terra firme (upland) forest frog species, Physalaemus petersi: (1) the riverine barrier hypothesis; and (2) the elevational gradient hypothesis. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data (2.4 kb) from the 12S, 16S, and intervening valine tRNA genes were obtained from 65 P. petersi individuals and 4 outgroup taxa and analyzed with a combination of phylogenetic and population genetic approaches. Moderate support for the riverine barrier hypothesis was found for one of the three rivers examined, but little evidence Was found for the elevational gradient hypothesis. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that high levels of sequence divergence (an average of 4.57-4.79%) separate three well-supported clades from the northwestern, southwestern, and eastern Amazon. Strong evidence for recent population expansion in P. petersi in the southwestern region of the Amazon basin was also uncovered. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum Nat Hist, Norman, OK 73032 USA. Area Zool, Museo Hist Nat Noel Kempff Mercado, St Cruz Sierra, Bolivia. CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Madrid 28006, Spain. RP Funk, WC (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM cfunk@usgs.gov NR 81 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 825 EP 837 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.01.012 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 201UX UT WOS:000248859200023 PM 17383904 ER PT J AU Stockwell, JD Yule, DL Hrabik, TR Adams, JV Gorman, OT Holbrook, BV AF Stockwell, Jason D. Yule, Daniel L. Hrabik, Thomas R. Adams, Jean V. Gorman, Owen T. Holbrook, Beth V. TI Vertical distribution of fish biomass in lake superior: Implications for day bottom trawl surveys SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HERRING COREGONUS-ARTEDI; SITU TARGET-STRENGTH; RAINBOW-SMELT; GREAT-LAKES; ABUNDANCE; MICHIGAN; ALEWIVES; ONTARIO; MODEL; BIAS AB Evaluation of the biases in sampling methodology is essential for understanding the limitations of abundance and biomass estimates of fish populations. Estimates from surveys that rely solely on bottom trawls may be particularly vulnerable to bias if pelagic fish are numerous. We evaluated the variability in the vertical distribution of fish biomass during the U.S. Geological Survey's annual spring bottom trawl survey of Lake Superior using concurrent hydroacoustic observations to (1) test the assumption that fish are generally demersal during the day and (2) evaluate the potential for predictive models to improve bottom trawl-determined biomass estimates. Our results indicate that the assumption that fish exhibit demersal behavior during the annual spring bottom trawl survey in Lake Superior is unfounded. Bottom trawl biomass (B-BT) estimates (mean +/- SE) for species known to exhibit pelagic behavior (cisco Coregonus artedi, bloater C. hoyi, kiyi C. kiyi, and rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax; 3.01 +/- 0.73 kg/ha) were not significantly greater than mean acoustic pelagic zone biomass (B-APZ) estimates (6.39 +/- 2.03 kg/ha). Mean B-APZ estimates were 1.6- to 4.8-fold greater than mean B-BT estimates over 4 years of sampling. The relationship between concurrent B-APZ and B-BT estimates was marginally significant and highly variable. Predicted B-APZ estimates using cross-validation models were sensitive to adjustments for back-transforming from the logarithmic to the linear scale and poorly corresponded to observed B-APZ estimates. We conclude that statistical models to predict B-APZ from day B-BT cannot be developed. We propose that night sampling with multiple gears will be necessary to generate better biomass estimates for management needs. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Superior Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. Univ Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Stockwell, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Superior Biol Stn, 2800 Lakeshore Dr, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM jstockwell@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 735 EP 749 DI 10.1577/M06-116.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 206BM UT WOS:000249158900002 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Brownie, C Hightower, JE Pollock, KH AF Jiang, Honghua Brownie, Cavell Hightower, Joseph E. Pollock, Kenneth H. TI Estimating fishing mortality, natural mortality, and selectivity using recoveries from tagging young fish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID REPORTING RATE ESTIMATION; TAG RETURN MODELS; SURVIVAL RATES; STRIPED BASS; AGE; OTOLITH; CATCH AB Current methods for estimation of age- and year-specific instantaneous mortality rates based on multiyear, multiple-age tagging studies assume that it is feasible to tag fish in a wide range of ages. For some species, however, only the youngest one or two age-classes are readily available for tagging. Given the practical advantages of tagging young fish only, an important question is whether such studies would provide the information needed for estimation of age-dependent mortality rates. We investigated three designs: tagging only the youngest available age-class, tagging the two youngest age-classes, and tagging the first five age-classes. We carried out simulation studies to assess estimator performance under these three designs, in each case assuming the same total number of tagged fish. Data were generated assuming fishing mortality rates to be age and year dependent and natural mortality rates to be constant or with limited age dependence. Estimator performance is best when fish are tagged in five age-classes, and tagging fish in the two youngest age-classes shows substantial improvement compared with tagging one age-class only. External information about the tag-reporting rate is necessary to obtain estimators with reasonable properties, especially in the case of models with age-dependent natural mortality. Such information can be obtained from auxiliary studies by means of high-reward tags or planted tags. Collecting recovery information for several additional years after the last release produces small improvements in precision and bias. If tagging fish in multiple age-classes is impractical, reasonable precision can be obtained by tagging one or preferably two age-classes and obtaining supplemental information on the reporting rate. For illustration, estimates of age-dependent fishing and natural mortality rates were obtained from tag returns on Chesapeake Bay striped bass Morone saxatilis tagged at ages 3 and 4 years. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hightower, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jhightower@ncsu.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 773 EP 781 DI 10.1577/M06-127.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 206BM UT WOS:000249158900005 ER PT J AU Kappenman, KM Parker, BL AF Kappenman, Kevin M. Parker, Blaine L. TI Ghost nets in the Columbia River: Methods for locating and removing derelict gill nets in a large river and an assessment of impact to white sturgeon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SONAR AB Lost gill nets, known as ghost nets, represent a threat to aquatic species. Gill nets have been in use in the Columbia River commercial fishery since the mid-1800s, and a number of gill nets continue to be lost each year. We designed a study to investigate the effect of lost nets in the Columbia River. For this study, we developed methods to recover nets and evaluated the use of side-scan sonar (SSS) to locate nets. Grappling in known commercial fishing areas effectively removed nets and was more efficient than relying on SSS to direct recovery efforts. In 154 grapple tows, we recovered 33 nets containing 126 white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. Newly lost nets caught significantly more white sturgeon than older nets. Recovered nets at large less than I year were responsible for 63% of the total catch, nets at large 1-4 years captured 24%, and nets at large more than 4 years captured 13%. We determined that approximately 10 nets are lost each year, estimated that lost nets have a life span of approximately 7 years, and estimated that ghost nets may kill more than 545 white sturgeon annually. White sturgeon managers may wish to consider developing an outreach program directed at reducing net loss and a net removal program. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commiss, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Kappenman, KM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM kevin_kappenman@fws.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 804 EP 809 DI 10.1577/M06-052.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 206BM UT WOS:000249158900009 ER PT J AU Schaller, HA Petrosky, CE AF Schaller, Howard A. Petrosky, Charles E. TI Assessing hydrosystem influence on delayed mortality of snake river stream-type Chinook salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA POPULATIONS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC SALMON; ET-AL. 1999; SURVIVAL RATES; CONTRASTING PATTERNS; COLUMBIA RIVERS; SPATIAL COVARIATION; PRODUCTIVITY; IMPACTS AB Snake River stream-type Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha exhibited substantial delayed mortality despite recent improvements in oceanic and climatic conditions. These salmon declined sharply with the completion of the Columbia River hydrosystem in addition to other anthropogenic impacts and changes in oceanic conditions. Previous analytical approaches have compared management options for halting the population decline. The predicted benefits of these options on salmon recovery hinged on whether the source of the mortality that takes place in the estuary and during early ocean residence is related to earlier hydrosystem experience during downstream migration (i.e., delayed hydrosystem mortality). We analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of mortality for Chinook salmon populations to determine whether delayed mortality for the Snake River populations decreased during the recent period of favorable oceanic and climatic conditions. We found that Snake River stream-type Chinook salmon populations continued to exhibit survival patterns similar to those of their downriver counterparts but survived only one-fourth to one-third as well. The hypothesis that delayed mortality decreased and became negligible with more favorable oceanic conditions appears inconsistent with the patterns we observed for the common year effect and our estimates of delayed mortality of in-river migrants. A plausible explanation for this persistent pattern of delayed mortality for Snake River populations is that it is related to the construction and operation of the hydrosystem. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID 83707 USA. RP Schaller, HA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 106, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. EM howard_schaller@fws.gov NR 46 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 810 EP 824 DI 10.1577/M06-083.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 206BM UT WOS:000249158900010 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF Underwood, TJ Hander, RF AF Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. Underwood, Tevis J. Hander, Raymond F. TI Residual effects from fish wheel capture and handling of Yukon River fall chum salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; CHINOOK SALMON; MORTALITY; NONLETHAL; ALASKA AB Since 1996, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists have annually used fish wheels to capture migrating adult fall chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in the main-stem Yukon River, Alaska, and estimated their abundance via mark-recapture methods. In each year of the study, the mark rate of captured fish at a site near Rampart has been substantially greater than rates observed at numerous locations upriver of that site. The factors most likely to cause the observed reduction in the mark rate are violations of mark-recapture model assumptions or the mortality of marked fish between the Rampart site and upriver locations. Results of studies conducted through 2000 were most consistent with the hypothesis of mortality. We investigate potential explanatory factors for the apparent reduction in mark rates at upriver locations using data collected during additional studies from 2001 to 2003. Results document that holding fish in submerged pens at the marking site negatively affects their ability to migrate for at least some time. No evidence of tag loss or spatial segregation within the mark-recapture study area was observed. A conclusion that some aspect of the capture and handling of fish elevates their mortality upriver of the mark-recapture study area seems well founded. However, holding of fish does not solely explain the reduction in mark rates at upriver locations, and other contributing factors remain unidentified. Researchers using fish wheels should be aware that the gear may be more harmful to fish than was previously thought and may bias estimators of some parameters such as abundance or migration speed. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Ecol Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Ecol Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jeffrey_bromaghin@fws.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 860 EP 872 DI 10.1577/M05-204.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 206BM UT WOS:000249158900014 ER PT J AU Phelps, QE Powell, KA Chipps, SR Willis, DW AF Phelps, Quinton E. Powell, Kipp A. Chipps, Steven R. Willis, David W. TI A method for determining stomach fullness for planktivorous fishes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PLANKTON COUNTER AB Mean stomach fullness provides a useful index for quantifying fish diets. However, estimating stomach fullness for planktivorous fishes can be time-consuming and prone to error because of small prey and unidentifiable remains. In this study we developed a predictive equation for estimating the stomach volume of yellow perch Perca flavescens as a function of total length (TL). We then used an optical plankton counter (OPC) to estimate the biovolume of invertebrate prey consumed. The OPC quickly estimated the digital size and abundance of zooplankton prey, which can then be converted to estimates of prey biovolume. Stomach volume (V [mm(3)]) for yellow perch (113-279 mm TL) was significantly related to body size (L [mm]) and was estimated as V = 3 x 10(-7) . L-2.96. Using the OPC, yellow perch stomach contents (99% Daphnia pulex) were converted to prey biovolume (mm(3)) and then divided by stomach volume (mm 3) to estimate stomach fullness (%). This approach provided reasonable estimates of stomach fullness ranging from 3% to 85% (mean = 21%). Although the initial cost for the OPC equipment is relatively high, this method provided substantial time and labor savings compared with traditional approaches for quantifying zooplankton abundance and biomass (e.g., microscopic identification and enumeration and length-mass conversions). Similarly, the OPC can be used to estimate the abundance and biomass of freshwater zooplankton, thus reducing the time and costs associated with traditional plankton analyses. The approach is limited, however, in cases where very small prey (<250 mu m) are a dominant proportion of the sample because of the potential errors involved in detecting and estimating the biovolumes of small particles. C1 So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, No Plains Biostress Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Phelps, QE (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Life Sci 2,Room 173,Mailcode 6511, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM qphelps@siu.edu RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 932 EP 935 DI 10.1577/M06-066.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 206BM UT WOS:000249158900022 ER PT J AU Penne, CR Ahrens, NL Summerfelt, RC Pierce, CL AF Penne, Christopher R. Ahrens, Nicholas L. Summerfelt, Robert C. Pierce, Clay L. TI Effect of relative volume on radio tansmitter expulsion in subadult common carp SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID IMPLANTED DUMMY TRANSMITTERS; TRANSINTESTINAL EXPULSION; TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS; CHANNEL CATFISH; SURGERY; GROWTH; SIZE AB Expulsion of surgically implanted radio transmitters is a problem in some fish telemetry studies. We conducted a 109-d experiment to test the hypothesis that variation in relative volume of transmitters surgically implanted in subadult common carp Cyprinus carpio would affect transmitter expulsion. We also necropsied fish at the end of the experiment to evaluate histological evidence for the mechanism of expulsion. Survival rate was high during our experiment; all control fish and 88% of the fish subjected to the implantation surgery survived. Expulsion rate was low; of the 23 fish that received transmitters and survived the experiment, only two (9%) expelled the transmitters. One of these expulsions occurred through a rupture of the incision and the other occurred via the intestine. Retained transmitters were all encapsulated by tissue, and most exhibited multiple adhesions to the intestine, gonads, and body wall. Adhesions were more numerous in fish that received larger transmitters. C1 Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Penne, CR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Mgmt, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cpenne@iastate.edu NR 16 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 986 EP 991 DI 10.1577/M06-187.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 206BM UT WOS:000249158900029 ER PT J AU McHugh, P AF McHugh, Peter TI A comparison of visual and measurement-based techniques for quantifying cobble embeddedness and fine-sediment levels in salmonid-bearing streams: Response to comment SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP McHugh, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM pam@cc.usu.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 1027 EP 1028 DI 10.1577/M06.068.1 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 206BM UT WOS:000249158900035 ER PT J AU Maret, TR Ott, DS Herlihy, AT AF Maret, Terry R. Ott, Douglas S. Herlihy, Alan T. TI Electrofishing effort required to estimate biotic condition in southern Idaho rivers SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SPECIES RICHNESS; SNAKE RIVER; SINGLE-PASS; INTEGRITY; INDEX; STREAMS; CLASSIFICATION; DISTANCE AB An important issue surrounding biomonitoring in large rivers is the minimum sampling effort required to collect an adequate number of fish for accurate and precise determinations of biotic condition. During the summer of 2002. we sampled 15 randomly selected large-river sites in southern Idaho to evaluate the effects of sampling effort on an index of biotic integrity (IBI). Boat electrofishing was used to collect sample populations of fish in river reaches representing 40 and 100 times the mean channel width (MCW; wetted channel) at base flow. Minimum sampling effort was assessed by comparing the relation between reach length sampled and change in IBI score. Thirty-two species of fish in the families Catostomidae. Centrarchidae, Cottidae, Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae. Percidae. and Salmonidae were collected. Of these, 12 alien species were collected at 80% (12 of 15) of the sample sites-, alien species represented about 38% of all species (N = 32) collected during the study. A total of 60% (9 of 15) of the sample sites had poor IBI scores. A minimum reach length of about 36 times MCW was determined to be sufficient for collecting an adequate number of fish for estimating biotic condition based on an IBI score. For most sites, this equates to collecting 275 fish at a site. Results may be applicable to other semiarid, fifth-order through seventh-order rivers sampled during summer low-flow conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Idaho Water Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Maret, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Idaho Water Sci Ctr, 230 Collins Rd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM trmaret@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 1041 EP 1052 DI 10.1577/M06-115.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 206BM UT WOS:000249158900037 ER PT J AU Martin, J Kitchens, WM Hines, JE AF Martin, Julien Kitchens, Wiley M. Hines, James E. TI Natal location influences movement and survival of a spatially structured population of snail kites SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE habitat selection; multistate capture-recapture models; philopatry; Rostrhamus sociabilis ID DISPERSAL; FLORIDA; ENVIRONMENTS; DEMOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; FIDELITY; BENEFITS; HABITAT; MARK AB Despite the accepted importance of the need to better understand how natal location affects movement decisions and survival of animals, robust estimates of movement and survival in relation to the natal location are lacking. Our study focuses on movement and survival related to the natal location of snail kites in Florida and shows that kites, in addition to exhibiting a high level of site tenacity to breeding regions, also exhibit particular attraction to their natal region. More specifically, we found that estimates of movement from post-dispersal regions were greater toward natal regions than toward non-natal regions (differences were significant for three of four regions). We also found that estimates of natal philopatry were greater than estimates of philopatry to non-natal regions (differences were statistically significant for two of four regions). A previous study indicated an effect of natal region on juvenile survival; in this study, we show an effect of natal region on adult survival. Estimates of adult survival varied among kites that were hatched in different regions. Adults experienced mortality rates characteristic of the region occupied at the time when survival was measured, but because there is a greater probability that kites will return to their natal region than to any other regions, their survival was ultimately influenced by their natal region. In most years, kites hatched in southern regions had greater survival probabilities than did kites hatched in northern regions. However, during a multiregional drought, one of the northern regions served as a refuge from drought, and during this perturbation, survival was greater for birds hatched in the north. Our study shows that natal location may be important in influencing the ecological dynamics of kites but also highlights the importance of considering temporal variation in habitat conditions of spatially structured systems when attempting to evaluate the conservation value of habitats. C1 Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USGS Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM martinj@wec.ufl.edu NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2007 VL 153 IS 2 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0729-8 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 205YD UT WOS:000249150200009 PM 17530294 ER PT J AU Basset, A Angelis, DL AF Basset, Alberto Angelis, Donald L. TI Body size mediated coexistence of consumers competing for resources in space SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID SPECIES COEXISTENCE; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TRADE-OFFS; POPULATION; HERBIVORES; SCALE; EXPLOITATION; BIODIVERSITY; CONSTRAINTS AB Body size is a major phenotypic trait of individuals that commonly differentiates co-occurring species. We analyzed inter-specific competitive interactions between a large consumer and smaller competitors, whose energetics, selection and giving-up behaviour on identical resource patches scaled with individual body size. The aim was to investigate whether pure metabolic constraints on patch behaviour of vagile species can determine coexistence conditions consistent with existing theoretical and experimental evidence. We used an individual-based spatially explicit simulation model at a spatial scale defined by the home range of the large consumer, which was assumed to be parthenogenic and semelparous. Under exploitative conditions, competitive coexistence occurred in a range of body size ratios between 2 and 10. Asymmetrical competition and the mechanism underlying asymmetry, determined by the scaling of energetics and patch behaviour with consumer body size, were the proximate determinant of inter-specific coexistence. The small consumer exploited patches more efficiently, but searched for profitable patches less effectively than the larger competitor. Therefore, body-size related constraints induced niche partitioning, allowing competitive coexistence within a set of conditions where the large consumer maintained control over the small consumer and resource dynamics. The model summarises and extends the existing evidence of species coexistence on a limiting resource, and provides a mechanistic explanation for decoding the size-abundance distribution patterns commonly observed at guild and community levels. C1 Univ Salento, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Biol Ambientali, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Integrated Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Basset, A (reprint author), Univ Salento, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Biol Ambientali, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. EM alberto.basset@unile.it NR 50 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD AUG PY 2007 VL 116 IS 8 BP 1363 EP 1377 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.15702.x PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 199FH UT WOS:000248681100011 ER PT J AU Xue, YJ Hu, YM Liu, SG Yang, JF Chen, QC Bao, ST AF Xue Yue-Ju Hu Yue-Ming Liu Shu-Guang Yang Jing-Feng Chen Qi-Chang Bao Shi-Tai TI Improving land resource evaluation using fuzzy neural network ensembles SO PEDOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE back propagation neural network (BPNN); data types; fuzzy neural network ensembles; land resource evaluation; radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) AB Land evaluation factors often contain continuous-, discrete- and nominal-valued attributes. In traditional land evaluation, these different attributes are usually graded into categorical indexes by land resource experts, and the evaluation results rely heavily on experts' experiences. In order to overcome the shortcoming, we presented a fuzzy neural network ensemble method that did not require grading the evaluation factors into categorical indexes and could evaluate land resources by using the three kinds of attribute values directly. A fuzzy back propagation neural network (BPNN), a fuzzy radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), a fuzzy BPNN ensemble, and a fuzzy RBFNN ensemble were used to evaluate the land resources in Guangdong Province. The evaluation results by using the fuzzy BPNN ensemble and the fuzzy RBFNN ensemble were much better than those by using the single fuzzy BPNN and the single fuzzy RBFNN, and the error rate of the single fuzzy RBFNN or fuzzy RBFNN ensemble was lower than that of the single fuzzy BPNN or fuzzy BPNN ensemble, respectively. By using the fuzzy neural network ensembles, the validity of land resource evaluation was improved and reliance on land evaluators' experiences was considerably reduced. C1 S China Agr Univ, Coll Informat, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China. S China Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China. USGS, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Hu, YM (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Coll Informat, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China. EM ymhu@scau.edu.cn NR 20 TC 3 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0160 J9 PEDOSPHERE JI Pedosphere PD AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 429 EP 435 DI 10.1016/S1002-0160(07)60052-6 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 196GE UT WOS:000248468900003 ER PT J AU Perakis, SS Kellogg, CH AF Perakis, Steven S. Kellogg, Chev H. TI Imprint of oaks on nitrogen availability and delta N-15 in California grassland-savanna: a case of enhanced N inputs? SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen cycle; mineralization; nitrification; natural abundance isotopes; blue oak savanna ID SEQUOIA-NATIONAL-PARK; QUERCUS-DOUGLASII; SIERRA-NEVADA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; WET DEPOSITION; ANNUAL GRASSES; TREE CANOPIES; BLUE OAKS; PATTERNS; COMPETITION AB Woody vegetation is distributed patchily in many arid and semi-arid ecosystems, where it is often associated with elevated nitrogen (N) pools and availability in islands of fertility. We measured N availability and delta N-15 in paired blue-oak versus annual grass dominated patches to characterize the causes and consequences of spatial variation in N dynamics of grassland-savanna in Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park. We found significantly greater surface soil N pools (0-20 cm) in oak patches compared to adjacent grass areas across a 700 m elevation gradient from foothills to the savanna-forest boundary. N accumulation under oaks was associated with a 0.6 parts per thousand depletion in soil delta N-15 relative to grass patches. Results from a simple delta N-15 mass balance simulation model, constrained by surface soil N and delta N-15 measured in the field, suggest that the development of islands of N fertility under oaks can be traced primarily to enhanced N inputs. Net N mineralization and percent nitrification in laboratory incubations were consistently higher under oaks across a range of experimental soil moisture regimes, suggesting a scenario whereby greater N inputs to oak patches result in net N accumulation and enhanced N cycling, with a potential for greater nitrate loss as well. N concentrations of three common herbaceous annual plants were nearly 50% greater under oak than in adjacent grass patches, with community composition shifted towards more N-demanding species under oaks. We find that oaks imprint distinct N-rich islands of fertility that foster local feedback between soil N cycling, plant N uptake, and herbaceous community composition. Such patch-scale differences in N inputs and plant-soil interactions increase biogeochemical heterogeneity in grassland-savanna ecosystems and may shape watershed-level responses to chronic N deposition. C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Perakis, SS (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steven.perakis@oregonstate.edu NR 35 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 191 IS 2 BP 209 EP 220 DI 10.1007/s11258-006-9238-9 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 188PL UT WOS:000247931700006 ER PT J AU Schulz, KJ Cannon, WF AF Schulz, Klaus J. Cannon, William F. TI The penokean orogeny in the lake superior region SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE paleoproterozoic tectonics; penokean orogeny; stratigraphy; structure; magmatism; lake superior region ID PASSIVE CONTINENTAL MARGINS; MARQUETTE RANGE SUPERGROUP; SOUTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; OUACHITA RIFTED MARGIN; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; CHOCOLAY GROUP; WISCONSIN; EVOLUTION AB The Penokean orogeny began at about 1880 Ma when an oceanic arc, now the Pembine-Wausau terrane, collided with the southern margin of the Archean Superior craton marking the end of a period of south-directed subduction. The docking of the buoyant craton to the arc resulted in a subduction jump to the south and development of back-are extension both in the initial arc and adjacent craton margin to the north. A belt of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits formed in the extending back-are rift within the arc. Synchronous extension and subsidence of the Superior craton resulted in a broad shallow sea characterized by volcanic grabens (Menominee Group in northern Michigan). The classic Lake Superior banded iron-fori nations, including those in the Marquette, Gogebic, Mesabi and Gunflint Iron Ranges, formed in that sea. The newly established subduction zone caused continued arc volcanism until about 1850Ma when a fragment of Archean crust, now the basement of the Marshfield terrane, arrived at the subduction zone. The convergence of Archean blocks of the Superior and Marshfield cratons resulted in the major contractional phase of the Penokean orogeny. Rocks of the Pembine-Wausau arc were thrust northward onto the Superior craton causing subsidence of a foreland basin in which sedimentation began at about 1850 Ma in the south (Baraga Group rocks) and 1835 Ma in the north (Rove and Virginia Formations). A thick succession of arc-derived turbidites constitutes most of the foreland basin-fill along with lesser volcanic rocks. In the southern fold and thrust belt tectonic thickening resulted in high-grade metamorphism of the sediments by 1830 Ma. At this same time, a suite of post-tectonic plutons intruded the deformed sedimentary sequence and accreted arc terranes marking the end of the Penokean orogeny. The Penokean orogen was strongly overprinted by younger tectonic and thermal events, some of which were previously ascribed to the Penokean. Principal among these was a period of vertical faulting in the Archean basement and overlying Paleoproterozoic strata. This deformation is now known to have post-dated the terminal Penokean plutons by at least several tens of millions of years. Evidence of the Penokean orogen is now largely confined to the Lake Superior region. Comparisons with more recent orogens formed by similar plate tectonic processes implies that significant parts of a once more extensive Penokean orogen have been removed or overprinted by younger tectonic events. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA USA. RP Schulz, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA USA. EM kschulz@usgs.gov NR 109 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 157 IS 1-4 BP 4 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2007.02.022 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 201VE UT WOS:000248859900002 ER PT J AU Holm, DK Anderson, R Boerboom, TJ Cannon, WF Chandler, V Jirsa, M Miller, J Schneider, DA Schulz, KJ Van Schmus, WR AF Holm, D. K. Anderson, R. Boerboom, T. J. Cannon, W. F. Chandler, V. Jirsa, M. Miller, J. Schneider, D. A. Schulz, K. J. Van Schmus, W. R. CA NICE Working Grp TI Reinterpretation of Paleoproterozoic accretionary boundaries of the north-central United States based on a new aeromagnetic-geologic compilation SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE proterozoic; aeromagnetic compilation; north-central US; spirit lake tectonic zone ID LAKE-SUPERIOR REGION; MINNESOTA RIVER VALLEY; MARQUETTE RANGE SUPERGROUP; PENOKEAN-OROGEN; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; CHEYENNE BELT; AMERICA; GNEISS; AGE; GEOCHRONOLOGY AB The Paleoproterozoic crust in the north-central U.S. represents intact juvenile terranes accreted to the rifted Archean Superior craton. A new tectonic province map, based on the interpretation of a new aeromagnetic compilation, published geologic maps, and recent geochronologic data, shows progressive accretion of juvenile are terranes from ca. 1900-1600 Ma. Contrary to earlier models, geon 18 Penokean-interval crust is primarily confined to a similar to 2100Ma tectonic embayment of the rifted Superior craton. The newly defined Spirit Lake tectonic zone, characterized by a sharp magnetic discontinuity that marks the southern limit of Archean and Penokean- interval rocks, is here interpreted to represent an eastern analog of the Cheyenne belt suture zone in southern Wyoming. South of this boundary, geon 17 Yavapai-interval rocks form the basement upon which 1750 Ma rhyolite and succeeding quartzite sequences were deposited. Substantial portions of the Penokean and Yavapai terranes were subsequently deformed during the 1650-1630 Ma Mazatzal orogeny. The northern boundary of the Mazatzal terrane is obscured by abundant 1470-143OMa "anorogenic" plutons that stitched the suture with the older Yavapai terrane rocks. These data reveal a progressive tectonic younging to the south as the Laurentian craton grew southward and stabilized during the Proterozoic. Late Mesoproterozoic rift magmatism produced pronounced geophysical anomalies, indicating strong, but localized crustal modification. In comparison to the western U.S., little tectonism has occurred here in the last I billion years, providing a uniquely preserved record of the Precambrian evolution of the continental U.S. lithosphere. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Iowa Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Minnesota Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55114 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Holm, DK (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM dholm@kent.edu RI UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011 NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 157 IS 1-4 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2007.02.023 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 201VE UT WOS:000248859900005 ER PT J AU Vallini, DA Cannon, WF Schulz, KJ McNaughton, NJ AF Vallini, Daniela A. Cannon, William F. Schulz, Klaus J. McNaughton, Neal J. TI Thermal history of low metamorphic grade Paleoproterozoic sedimentary rocks of the Penokean orogen, Lake Superior region: Evidence for a widespread 1786 Ma overprint based on xenotime geochronology SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE metamorphic xenotime geochronology; penokean foreland basin; yavapai-interval convergence ID MARQUETTE RANGE SUPERGROUP; U-PB; NORTHERN MICHIGAN; AUTHIGENIC XENOTIME; DIAGENETIC XENOTIME; ZIRCON; AGE; MICROPROBE; MINNESOTA; AUSTRALIA AB Paleoproterozoic strata in northern Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were deposited between 2.3 and 1.75 Ga within the rifted margin and subsequent foreland basin of the Penokean orogen. These strata show evidence for multiple regional metamorphic events previously attributed entirely to the Penokean orogeny (1875-1835 Ma). Metasandstones from the Marquette Range Supergroup and the Animikie, Mille Lacs, and North Range Groups were sampled at multiple localities across Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan for metamorphic xenotime suitable for in situ SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology. All samples are from the northern Penokean foreland basin where the metamorphic grade is greenschist to sub-greenschist and the strata are virtually undeformed. Xenotime U-Pb ages in these samples have a bimodal population with means of 1786 +/- 4 Ma (n = 32) and 1861 +/- 10 Ma (n = 9). Xenotime of both ages are contained in metasandstones from the basal Chocolay Group in Michigan and Wisconsin and the Mille Lacs Group and North Range Groups in Minnesota. The older age records a regional low-temperature thermal event that is slightly older than the overlying Menominee Group in Michigan and the Animikie Group in Minnesota and Ontario. This 1861 Ma event coincides with regional uplift that led to the formation of the unconformity between the Menominee Group and the overlying Baraga Group in Michigan; hence xenotime growth must have occurred at shallow burial depths. Younger units from the Menominee and Baraga Groups in Michigan and the Animikie Group in Minnesota, record only the 1786 Ma event. A dominant 1800-1790 Ma metamorphic monazite population that overprints Penokean- interval monazite has been documented within amphibolite- to granulite-facies rocks immediately north of the Niagara Fault Zone within the vicinity of gneiss domes and granitic plutons. In contrast, the 1786 Ma xenotime ages are from low-grade, virtually undeformed rocks 50-150 km from the high-grade zones and thus do not appear to reflect a local thermal imprint. Rather, the geographic extent of the 1786 Ma xenotime growth event suggests that it reflects a basin-wide, subtle thermal pulse. It is proposed that the xenotime ages record widespread subtle heating triggered by renewed subduction along the orogen due to Yavapai-interval convergence. The 1800-1700 Ma Yavapai terrane forms an accretionary belt throughout the central and southwestern U.S. and truncates the southern part of the Penokean orogen in central Wisconsin and southeastern Minnesota, about 200 km south of the sample sites. Alternatively, an 1800-1765 Ma interval of gravitational collapse of overthickened crust of the Penokean orogen immediately north of the Niagara Fault Zone may have driven a northward flow of hydrothermal fluids which subtly but pervasively altered the northern parts of the Penokean foreland and resulted in xenotime growth. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA USA. RP Vallini, DA (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM Daniela.Vallim@woodside.com.au RI McNaughton, Neal/E-3884-2014 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 157 IS 1-4 BP 169 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.precainres.2007.02.015 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 201VE UT WOS:000248859900010 ER PT J AU vom Saal, FS Akingbemi, BT Belcher, SM Birnbaum, LS Crain, DA Eriksen, M Farabollini, F Guillette, LJ Hauser, R Heindel, JJ Ho, SM Hunt, PA Iguchi, T Jobling, S Kanno, J Keri, RA Knudsen, KE Laufer, H LeBlanc, GA Marcus, M McLachlan, JA Myers, JP Nadal, A Newbold, RR Olea, N Prins, GS Richter, CA Rubin, BS Sonnenschein, C Soto, AM Talsness, CE Vandenbergh, JG Vandenberg, LN Walser-Kuntz, DR Watson, CS Welshons, WV Wetherill, Y Zoeller, RT AF vom Saal, Frederick S. Akingbemi, Benson T. Belcher, Scott M. Birnbaum, Linda S. Crain, D. Andrew Eriksen, Marcus Farabollini, Francesca Guillette, Louis J., Jr. Hauser, Russ Heindel, Jerrold J. Ho, Shuk-Mei Hunt, Patricia A. Iguchi, Taisen Jobling, Susan Kanno, Jun Keri, Ruth A. Knudsen, Karen E. Laufer, Hans LeBlanc, Gerald A. Marcus, Michele McLachlan, John A. Myers, John Peterson Nadal, Angel Newbold, Retha R. Olea, Nicolas Prins, Gail S. Richter, Catherine A. Rubin, Beverly S. Sonnenschein, Carlos Soto, Ana M. Talsness, Chris E. Vandenbergh, John G. Vandenberg, Laura N. Walser-Kuntz, Debby R. Watson, Cheryl S. Welshons, Wade V. Wetherill, Yelena Zoeller, R. Thomas TI Chapel Hill bisphenol A expert panel consensus statement: Integration of mechanisms, effects in animals and potential to impact human health at current levels of exposure SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter DE bisphenol A; in vitro; in vivo; rat; mouse; aquatic animal; cancer; low dose; non-monotonic dose-response curves; developmental programming ID ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; PROLACTIN-RELEASE; IN-VIVO; XENOESTROGENS; CHEMICALS; LEACHATE; CELLS; ASSAY C1 Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Environm Genet, Dept Pharmacol & Cell Biophys, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Maryville Coll, Dept Biol, Maryville, TN 37804 USA. Algalita Marine Res Fdn, Los Angeles, CA 90034 USA. Univ Siena, Dept Physiol, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NIEHS, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Okazaki Inst Integrat Biosci Bioenvironm Sci, Natl Inst Nat Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448787, Japan. Brunel Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Cellular & Mol Toxicol, Tokyo 1588501, Japan. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Cell & Canc Biol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Tulane Univ, Ctr Bioenvironm Res, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Xavier Univ, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Environm Hlth Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. Univ Miguel Hernandez, Inst Bioingn, Alicante 03202, Spain. NIEHS, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Granada, CIBERESP Hosp Clin, E-18071 Granada, Spain. Univ Illinois, Dept Urol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Columbia Environm Res Ctr, USGS, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Tufts Med Sch, Dept Anat & Cellular Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cellular Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Charite Univ Med Sch Berlinb, Inst Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dept Toxicol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Carleton Coll, Dept Biol, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biomed Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP vom Saal, FS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, 105 Lefevre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM vomsaalf@missouri.edu RI Olea, Nicolas/H-3198-2014; Nadal, Angel/G-6721-2014; OI Olea, Nicolas/0000-0002-8938-3743; Nadal, Angel/0000-0003-4178-2152; Richter, Catherine/0000-0001-7322-4206 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES016675, ES11283, P30 ES006096, R01 ES011283, R01 ES015584, R01 ES015584-02, R01 ES015768, R01 ES016675-07] NR 25 TC 348 Z9 352 U1 2 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD AUG-SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 2 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.07.005 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 220SB UT WOS:000250176500001 PM 17768031 ER PT J AU Richter, CA Birnbaum, LS Farabollini, F Newbold, RR Rubin, BS Talsness, CE Vandenbergh, JG Walser-Kuntz, DR vom Saal, FSV AF Richter, Catherine A. Birnbaum, Linda S. Farabollini, Francesca Newbold, Retha R. Rubin, Beverly S. Talsness, Chris E. Vandenbergh, John G. Walser-Kuntz, Debby R. vom Saal, Frederick S. TI In vivo effects of bisphenol A in laboratory rodent studies SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE behavior; neuroendocrine; endocrine disruptors; immune system; metabolism; mouse; rat; reproduction ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; ADULT OVARIECTOMIZED RATS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITIES; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; BRAIN SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; MATERNAL DIETARY EXPOSURE; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; DAILY SPERM PRODUCTION AB Concern is mounting regarding the human health and environmental effects of bisphenol A (BPA), a high-production-volume chemical used in synthesis of plastics. We have reviewed the growing literature on effects of low doses of BPA, below 50 mg/(kg day), in laboratory exposures with mammalian model organisms. Many, but not all, effects of BPA are similar to effects seen in response to the model estrogens diethylstilbestrol and ethinylestradiol. For most effects, the potency of BPA is approximately 10-1000-fold less than that of diethylstilbestrol or ethinylestradiol. Based on our review of the literature, a consensus was reached regarding our level of confidence that particular outcomes occur in response to low dose BPA exposure. We are confident that adult exposure to BPA affects the male reproductive tract, and that long lasting, organizational effects in response to developmental exposure to BPA occur in the brain, the male reproductive system, and metabolic processes. We consider it likely, but requiring further confirmation, that adult exposure to BPA affects the brain, the female reproductive system, and the immune system, and that developmental effects occur in the female reproductive system. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Siena, Dept Physiol, I-53100 Siena, Italy. NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Charite Univ Med Berlin, Inst Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, Berlin, Germany. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Carleton Coll, Dept Biol, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Richter, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM Crichter@usgs.gov OI Richter, Catherine/0000-0001-7322-4206 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES011283, R01 ES011283-01A1] NR 199 TC 510 Z9 534 U1 14 U2 122 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD AUG-SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 2 BP 199 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.06.004 PG 26 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 220SB UT WOS:000250176500004 PM 17683900 ER PT J AU Stamey, B Wang, H Koterba, M AF Stamey, Barry Wang, Harry Koterba, Michael TI Predicting the next storm surge flood SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Noblis Inc, Falls Church, VA USA. Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA USA. US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Stamey, B (reprint author), Noblis Inc, Falls Church, VA USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 8 BP 10 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 210DU UT WOS:000249437700002 ER PT J AU Housman, DC Yeager, CM Darby, BJ Sanford, RL Kuske, CR Neher, DA Belnap, J AF Housman, David C. Yeager, Chris M. Darby, Brian J. Sanford, Robert L., Jr. Kuske, Cheryl R. Neher, Deborah A. Belnap, Jayne TI Heterogeneity of soil nutrients and subsurface biota in a dryland ecosystem SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biological soil crust; islands of fertility; soil chemistry; soil fauna; soil food webs ID SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM; DESERT ECOSYSTEMS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; CHEMICAL-PATTERNS; RESOURCE ISLANDS; NITROGEN; DIVERSITY; SAGEBRUSH; BACTERIAL AB Dryland ecosystems have long been considered to have a highly heterogeneous distribution of nutrients and soil biota, with greater concentrations of both in soils under plants relative to interspace soils. We examined the distribution of soil resources in two plant communities (dominated by either the shrub Coleogyne ramosissima or the grass Stipa hymenoides) at two locations. Interspace soils were covered either by early successional biological soil crusts (BSCs) or by later successional BSCs (dominated by nitrogen (N)-fixing cyanobacteria and lichens). For each of the 8 plant type x crust type x locations, we sampled the stem, dripline, and 3 interspace distances around each of 3 plants. Soil analyses revealed that only available potassium (K(av)) and ammonium concentrations were consistently greater under plants (7 of 8 sites and 6 of 8 sites, respectively). Nitrate and iron (Fe) were greater under plants at 4 sites, while all other nutrients were greater under plants at less than 50% of the sites. In contrast, calcium, copper, clay, phosphorus (P), and zinc were often greater in the interspace than under the plants. Soil microbial biomass was always greater under the plant compared to the interspace. The community composition of N-fixing bacteria was highly variable, with no distinguishable patterns among microsites. Bacterivorous nematodes and rotifers were consistently more abundant under plants (8 and 7 sites, respectively), and fungivorous and omnivorous nematodes were greater under plants at 5 of the 8 sites. Abundance of other soil biota was greater under plants at less than 50% of the sites, but highly correlated with the availability of N, P, K(av), and Fe. Unlike other ecosystems, the soil biota was only infrequently correlated with organic matter. Lack of plant-driven heterogeneity in soils of this ecosystem is likely due to (1) interspace soils covered with BSCs, (2) little incorporation of above-ground plant litter into soils, and/or (3) root deployment patterns. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Environm Biotechnol Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Housman, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, 2290 S W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM dhousman@usgs.gov OI Sanford, Robert/0000-0003-2391-9231 NR 42 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 13 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 39 IS 8 BP 2138 EP 2149 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.015 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 179NE UT WOS:000247295800030 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Criscenti, LJ Turner, DR Davis, JA Cantrell, KJ AF Goldberg, Sabine Criscenti, Louise J. Turner, David R. Davis, James A. Cantrell, Kirk J. TI Adsorption - Desorption processes in subsurface reactive transport modeling SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; CONSTANT CAPACITANCE MODEL; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACE; SURFACE-COMPLEXATION MODELS; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; BOND-VALENCE DETERMINATION; HYDROLYZABLE METAL-IONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; CHROMATE RETENTION MECHANISMS; ALUMINA ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE AB Adsorption-desorption reactions are important processes that affect the transport of contaminants in the environment. Various empirical approaches, such as the distribution coefficient and Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations, have been used to represent adsorption. The empirical approaches are not capable of accounting for the effects of variable chemical conditions, such as pH, on adsorption reactions. This can be done using chemical models such as surface complexation models. These models define specific surface species, chemical reactions, equilibrium constants, mass balances, and charge balances, and their molecular features can be given thermodynamic significance. Ion adsorption mechanisms and surface configurations for the surface complexation models can be established from independent experimental observations. These include both indirect measurements, such as point of zero charge shifts, ionic strength effects, and calorimetry, and direct spectroscopic techniques, including vibrational spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Surface complexation models were developed for single mineral phases but have now been applied to natural mineral assemblages using both component additivity (CA) and generalized composite (GC) approaches. Surface complexation models have been incorporated into subsurface transport models at several field sites, although simplifying assumptions are needed to deal with heterogeneous materials. Surface complexation models for contaminant adsorption have the potential to increase the confidence and scientific credibility of transport modeling by reducing the uncertainty in quantifying retardation and providing a means of quantifying that uncertainty. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ctr Nucl Waste Regulatory Anal, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sgoldberg@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 274 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 7 U2 66 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 407 EP 435 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0085 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 204AP UT WOS:000249015500001 ER PT J AU Weeks, EP McMahon, PB AF Weeks, Edwin P. McMahon, Peter B. TI Nitrous oxide fluxes from cultivated areas and rangeland: U.S. High Plains SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; GLOBAL N2O BUDGET; UNSATURATED ZONE; VADOSE ZONE; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; DIFFUSION; WATER; SOLUBILITY; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT AB Concentration profiles of N(2)O, a greenhouse gas, and the conservative trace gases SF(6) and the chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and were measured periodically through thick vadose zones at nine sites in the U. S. High Plains. The CFC and SF(6) measurements were used to calibrate a one-dimensional gas diffusion model, using the parameter identification program UCODE. The calibrated model was used with N(2)O measurements to estimate average annual N(2)O flux from both the root zone and the deep vadose zone to the atmosphere. Estimates of root-zone N(2)O fluxes from three rangeland sites ranged from near 0 to about 0.2 kg N(2)O-N ha(-1) yr(-1), values near the low end of the ranges determined for native grass from other studies. Estimates of root-zone N(2)O fluxes from two fields planted to corn (Zea mays L.) of about 2 to 6 kg N(2)O-N ha(-1) yr(-1) are similar to those determined for corn in other studies. Estimates of N(2)O flux from Conservation Reserve grassland converted from irrigated corn indicate that production of N(2)O is substantially reduced following conversion from cropland. Small N(2)O fluxes from the water table or from deep in the vadose zone occurred at three sites, ranging from 0.004 to 0.02 kg N(2)O-N ha(-1) yr(-) (1). Our estimates of N(2)O flux represent space-and time-averaged values that should be useful to more fully evaluate the significance of instantaneous point flux measurements. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Weeks, EP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM epweeks@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 496 EP 510 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0164 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 204AP UT WOS:000249015500007 ER PT J AU Gurdak, JJ Hanson, RT McMahon, PB Bruce, BW McCray, JE Thyne, GD Reedy, RC AF Gurdak, Jason J. Hanson, Randall T. McMahon, Peter B. Bruce, Breton W. McCray, John E. Thyne, Geoffrey D. Reedy, Robert C. TI Climate variability controls on unsaturated water and chemical movement, High Plains aquifer, USA SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Groundwater Resources Assesment under the Presures of Humanity and Climate Change CY APR 04-06, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP UNESCO Int Hydrol Program ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; QUANTIFYING GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; HYDROLOGIC TIME-SERIES; DESERT SOILS; PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION AB Responses in the vadose zone and groundwater to interannual, interdecadal, and multidecadal climate variability have important implications for groundwater resource sustainability, yet they are poorly documented and not well understood in most aquifers of the USA. This investigation systematically examines the role of interannual to multidecadal climate variability on groundwater levels, deep infiltration (3-23 m) events, and downward displacement (> 1 m) of chloride and nitrate reservoirs in thick (15-50 m) vadose zones across the regionally extensive High Plains aquifer. Such vadose zone responses are unexpected across much of the aquifer given a priori that unsaturated total-potential profiles indicate upward water movement from the water table toward the root zone, mean annual potential evapotranspiration exceeds mean annual precipitation, and millennia-scale evapoconcentration results in substantial vadose zone chloride and nitrate reservoirs. Using singular spectrum analysis (SSA) to reconstruct precipitation and groundwater level time-series components, variability was identified in all time series as partially coincident with known climate cycles, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) (10-25 yr) and the El Nino/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (2-6 yr). Using these lag-correlated hydrologic time series, a new method is demonstrated to estimate climate-varying unsaturated water flux. The results suggest the importance of interannual to interdecadal climate variability on water-flux estimation in thick vadose zones and provide better understanding of the climate-induced transients responsible for the observed deep infiltration and chemical-mobilization events. Based on these results, we discuss implications for climate-related sustainability of the High Plains aquifer. C1 USGS, Denver, CO USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USGS, San Diego, CA USA. Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX USA. RP Gurdak, JJ (reprint author), USGS, Denver, CO USA. EM jjgurdak@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 25 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 533 EP 547 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0087 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 204AP UT WOS:000249015500013 ER PT J AU Byappanahalli, MN Richard, LW Shivelya, DA John, F Ishii, S Sadowsky, MJ AF Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Whitman, Richard L. Shivelya, Dawn A. Ferguson, John Ishii, Satoshi Sadowsky, Michael J. TI Population structure of cladophora-borne Escherichia coli in nearshore water of lake Michigan SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cladophora; great lakes; fluorophore-enhanced rep-PCR; indicator bacteria; E. coli population structure; recreational water quality ID FECAL POLLUTION; CHLOROPHYTA; DIVERSITY; HOST; ENTEROCOCCI; TEMPERATE; BACTERIA; GROWTH AB We previously reported that the macrophytic green alga Cladophora harbors high densities (up to 10(6) colony-forming units/g dry weight) of the fecal indicator bacteria, Escherichia coli and enterococci, in shoreline waters of Lake Michigan. However, the population structure and genetic relatedness of Cladophora-borne indicator bacteria remain poorly understood. In this study, 835 E. coli isolates were collected from Cladophora tufts (mats) growing on rocks from a breakwater located within the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore in northwest Indiana. The horizontal fluorophore enhanced rep-PCR (HFERP) DNA fingerprinting technique was used to determine the genetic relatedness of the isolates to each other and to those in a library of E. coli DNA fingerprints. While the E. coli isolates from Cladophora showed a high degree of genetic relatedness (>= 92% similarity), in most cases, however, the isolates were genetically distinct. The Shannon diversity index for the population was very high (5.39). Both spatial and temporal influences contributed to the genetic diversity There was a strong association of isolate genotypes by location (79% and 80% for lake- and ditch-side samplings, respectively), and isolates collected from 2002 were distinctly different from those obtained in 2003. Cladophora-borne E. coli isolates represented a unique group, which was distinct from other E. coli isolates in the DNA fingerprint library tested. Taken together, these results indicate that E. coli strains associated with Cladophora may be a recurring source of indicator bacteria to the nearshore beach. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Bio Technol Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Byappanahalli, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM byappan@usgs.gov RI Ishii, Satoshi/C-7000-2012; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; OI Ishii, Satoshi/0000-0003-3600-9165; Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X NR 21 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 41 IS 16 BP 3649 EP 3654 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2007.03.009 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 204QW UT WOS:000249060100013 PM 17451778 ER PT J AU Wood, WW Sanford, WE AF Wood, Warren W. Sanford, Ward E. TI Atmospheric bromine flux from the coastal Abu Dhabi sabkhat: A ground-water mass-balance investigation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METHYL-CHLORIDE; POLAR SUNRISE; OXIDE AB A solute mass-balance study of ground water of the 3000 km(2) coastal sabkhat (salt flats) of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, documents an annual bromide loss of approximately 255 metric tons (0.0032 Gmoles), or 85 kg/km(2). This value is an order of magnitude greater than previously published direct measurements from the atmosphere over an evaporative environment of a salar in Bolivia. Laboratory evidence, consistent with published reports, suggests that this loss is by vapor transport to the atmosphere. If this bromine flux to the atmosphere is representative of the total earth area of active salt flats then it is a significant, and generally under recognized, input to the global atmospheric bromide flux. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wood, WW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM wwwood@msu.edu NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 31 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 14 AR L14405 DI 10.1029/2007GL029922 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 198AE UT WOS:000248598600004 ER PT J AU MacGregor, JA Winebrenner, DP Conway, H Matsuoka, K Mayewski, PA Clow, GD AF MacGregor, Joseph A. Winebrenner, Dale P. Conway, Howard Matsuoka, Kenichi Mayewski, Paul A. Clow, Gary D. TI Modeling englacial radar attenuation at Siple Dome, West Antarctica, using ice chemistry and temperature data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; GREENLAND ICE; POLAR ICE; ELECTRICAL STRATIGRAPHY; SULFURIC-ACID; DOPED ICE; CORE; SHEET; REFLECTIONS; IMPURITIES AB The radar reflectivity of an ice-sheet bed is a primary measurement for discriminating between thawed and frozen beds. Uncertainty in englacial radar attenuation and its spatial variation introduces corresponding uncertainty in estimates of basal reflectivity. Radar attenuation is proportional to ice conductivity, which depends on the concentrations of acid and sea-salt chloride and the temperature of the ice. We synthesize published conductivity measurements to specify an ice-conductivity model and find that some of the dielectric properties of ice at radar frequencies are not yet well constrained. Using depth profiles of ice-core chemistry and borehole temperature and an average of the experimental values for the dielectric properties, we calculate an attenuation rate profile for Siple Dome, West Antarctica. The depth-averaged modeled attenuation rate at Siple Dome (20.0 +/- 5.7 dB km(-1)) is somewhat lower than the value derived from radar profiles (25.3 +/- 1.1 dB km(-1)). Pending more experimental data on the dielectric properties of ice, we can match the modeled and radar-derived attenuation rates by an adjustment to the value for the pure ice conductivity that is within the range of reported values. Alternatively, using the pure ice dielectric properties derived from the most extensive single data set, the modeled depth-averaged attenuation rate is 24.0 +/- 2.2 dB km(-1). This work shows how to calculate englacial radar attenuation using ice chemistry and temperature data and establishes a basis for mapping spatial variations in radar attenuation across an ice sheet. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04473 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP MacGregor, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM joemac@u.washington.edu RI MacGregor, Joseph/A-6746-2010; Matsuoka, Kenichi/B-7298-2017 NR 70 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUL 27 PY 2007 VL 112 IS F3 AR F03008 DI 10.1029/2006JF000717 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 195PK UT WOS:000248423900002 ER PT J AU Kent, DB Wilkie, JA Davis, JA AF Kent, D. B. Wilkie, J. A. Davis, J. A. TI Modeling the movement of a pH perturbation and its impact on adsorbed zinc and phosphate in a wastewater-contaminated aquifer SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VARIABLE CHEMICAL CONDITIONS; GRADIENT TRACER TEST; SILICA SAND SYSTEM; GRAVEL AQUIFER; CAPE-COD; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; METAL-IONS; GROUNDWATER CHEMISTRY; ADSORPTION MECHANISMS; SOLUTE-TRANSPORT AB [1] Chemical conditions were perturbed in an aquifer with an ambient pH of 5.9 and wastewater-derived adsorbed zinc (Zn) and phosphate (P) contamination by injecting a pulse of amended groundwater. The injected groundwater had low concentrations of dissolved Zn and P, a pH value of 4.5 resulting from equilibration with carbon dioxide gas, and added potassium bromide (KBr). Downgradient of the injection, breakthrough of nonreactive Br and total dissolved carbonate concentrations in excess of ambient values (excess TCO2) were accompanied by a decrease in pH values and over twentyfold increases in dissolved Zn concentrations above preinjection values. Peak concentrations of Br and excess TCO2 were followed by slow increases in pH values accompanied by significant increases in dissolved P above preinjection concentrations. The injected tracers mobilized a significant mass of wastewater-derived Zn. Reactive transport simulations incorporating surface complexation models for adsorption of Zn, P, hydrogen ions, and major cations onto the aquifer sediments, calibrated using laboratory experimental data, captured most of the important trends observed during the experiment. These include increases in Zn concentrations in response to the pH perturbation, perturbations in major cation concentrations, attenuation of the pH perturbation with transport distance, and increases in alkalinity with transport distance. Observed desorption of P in response to chemical perturbations was not predicted, possibly because of a disparity between the range of chemical conditions in the calibration data set and those encountered during the field experiment. Zinc and P desorbed rapidly in response to changing chemical conditions despite decades of contact with the sediments. Surface complexation models with relatively few parameters in the form of logK values and site concentrations show considerable promise for describing the influence of variable chemistry on the transport of adsorbing contaminants. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. ENVIRON Int Corp, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. RP Kent, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dbkent@usgs.gov; jwilkie@environcorp.com; jadavis@usgs.gov NR 80 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 24 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 7 AR W07440 DI 10.1029/2005WR004841 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 195RG UT WOS:000248428700001 ER PT J AU Enkelmann, E Weislogel, A Ratschbacher, L Eide, E Renno, A Wooden, J AF Enkelmann, Eva Weislogel, Amy Ratschbacher, Lothar Eide, Elizabeth Renno, Axel Wooden, Joseph TI How was the Triassic Songpan-Ganzi basin filled? A provenance study SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL CHINA; ALTYN-TAGH FAULT; PRESSURE METAMORPHIC ROCKS; NORTHERN TIBETAN PLATEAU; DETRITAL ZIRCON PROVENANCE; QINLING-DABIE OROGEN; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; GARZE FOLD BELT; WESTERN CHINA; CONTINENTAL COLLISION AB [1] The Triassic Songpan-Ganzi complex comprises > 200,000 km(2) of 5 - 15 km thick turbiditic sediments. Although surrounded by several magmatic and orogenic belts, the Triassic high- and ultrahigh-pressure Qinling-Tongbai-Hong'an-Dabie (QTHD) orogen, located several hundred kilometers to the east, was proposed as its major source. Middle to Late Triassic samples from the northern and southern Songpan-Ganzi complex, studied using detrital white mica Ar-40/(39) Ar ages, Si-in-white mica content, and detrital zircon U/Pb ages, suggest that the northern Songpan-Ganzi deposystem obtained detritus from the north: the north China block, east Kunlun, northern Qaidam, Qilian, and western Qinling; the southern Songpan-Ganzi deposystem was supplied from the northeasterly located Paleozoic QTHD area throughout the Ladinian and received detritus from the Triassic Hong'an-Dabie orogen during the Carnian, indicative of exhumation of the orogen at that time. The QTHD orogen fed the Norian samples in the southeastern southern Songpan-Ganzi deposystem, signifying long drainage channels along the western margin of the south China block. An additional supply from the Emeishan magmatic province and/or the Yidun arc is suggested by the paucity of white mica in the southern Songpan-Ganzi deposystem. Mica ages of Rhaetian sediments from the northwestern Sichuan basin best correlate with those of the Triassic QTHD orogen. Our Si-in-white mica data demonstrate that the high- and ultrahigh-pressure rocks of the Hong'an-Dabie Shan were not exposed in the Middle to Late Triassic. C1 Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18019 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Tech Univ Bergakad Freiberg, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany. Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Enkelmann, E (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, 31 Williams Dr, Bethlehem, PA 18019 USA. EM eva.enkelmann@lehigh.edu; amyw@stanford.edu; lothar@geo.tu-freiberg.de; e_eide@yahoo.com; axel.renno@mineral.tu-freiberg.de; jwooden@usgs.gov RI Renno, Axel/L-1110-2016; OI Renno, Axel/0000-0002-8289-1059; Ratschbacher, Lothar/0000-0001-9960-2084 NR 95 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 AR TC4007 DI 10.1029/2006TC002078 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 193RB UT WOS:000248290800001 ER PT J AU Piatanesi, A Cirella, A Spudich, P Cocco, M AF Piatanesi, Alessio Cirella, Antonella Spudich, Paul Cocco, Massimo TI A global search inversion for earthquake kinematic rupture history: Application to the 2000 western Tottori, Japan earthquake SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; RESOLUTION ANALYSIS; NEIGHBORHOOD ALGORITHM; CALIFORNIA; MOTION; SEISMOGRAMS; MODEL; SLIP AB We present a two-stage nonlinear technique to invert strong motions records and geodetic data to retrieve the rupture history of an earthquake on a finite fault. To account for the actual rupture complexity, the fault parameters are spatially variable peak slip velocity, slip direction, rupture time and risetime. The unknown parameters are given at the nodes of the subfaults, whereas the parameters within a subfault are allowed to vary through a bilinear interpolation of the nodal values. The forward modeling is performed with a discrete wave number technique, whose Green's functions include the complete response of the vertically varying Earth structure. During the first stage, an algorithm based on the heat-bath simulated annealing generates an ensemble of models that efficiently sample the good data-fitting regions of parameter space. In the second stage (appraisal), the algorithm performs a statistical analysis of the model ensemble and computes a weighted mean model and its standard deviation. This technique, rather than simply looking at the best model, extracts the most stable features of the earthquake rupture that are consistent with the data and gives an estimate of the variability of each model parameter. We present some synthetic tests to show the effectiveness of the method and its robustness to uncertainty of the adopted crustal model. Finally, we apply this inverse technique to the well recorded 2000 western Tottori, Japan, earthquake (Mw 6.6); we confirm that the rupture process is characterized by large slip (3-4 m) at very shallow depths but, differently from previous studies, we imaged a new slip patch (2-2.5 m) located deeper, between 14 and 18 km depth. C1 Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Dept Seismol & Tectonophys, I-00143 Rome, Italy. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Piatanesi, A (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Dept Seismol & Tectonophys, Via Vigna Murata 605, I-00143 Rome, Italy. EM piatanesi@ingv.it; cirella@ingv.it; spudich@usgs.gov; cocco@ingv.it RI Cocco, Massimo/G-6872-2012; Piatanesi, Alessio/G-9612-2012 OI Piatanesi, Alessio/0000-0003-2863-3662 NR 40 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 18 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B7 AR B07314 DI 10.1029/2006JB004821 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 193QE UT WOS:000248288300001 ER PT J AU Heilweil, VM McKinney, TS Zhdanov, MS Watt, DE AF Heilweil, Victor M. McKinney, Tim S. Zhdanov, Michael S. Watt, Dennis E. TI Controls on the variability of net infiltration to desert sandstone SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER RECHARGE; SOUTHERN GREAT-BASIN; YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; MOJAVE-DESERT; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; VADOSE ZONES; TRITIUM; MOVEMENT AB As populations grow in arid climates and desert bedrock aquifers are increasingly targeted for future development, understanding and quantifying the spatial variability of net infiltration becomes critically important for accurately inventorying water resources and mapping contamination vulnerability. This paper presents a conceptual model of net infiltration to desert sandstone and then develops an empirical equation for its spatial quantification at the watershed scale using linear least squares inversion methods for evaluating controlling parameters (independent variables) based on estimated net infiltration rates (dependent variables). Net infiltration rates used for this regression analysis were calculated from environmental tracers in boreholes and more than 3000 linear meters of vadose zone excavations in an upland basin in southwestern Utah underlain by Navajo sandstone. Soil coarseness, distance to upgradient outcrop, and topographic slope were shown to be the primary physical parameters controlling the spatial variability of net infiltration. Although the method should be transferable to other desert sandstone settings for determining the relative spatial distribution of net infiltration, further study is needed to evaluate the effects of other potential parameters such as slope aspect, outcrop parameters, and climate on absolute net infiltration rates. C1 US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Boulder City, NV USA. RP Heilweil, VM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM heilweil@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 18 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 7 AR W07431 DI 10.1029/2006WR005113 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 193RD UT WOS:000248291000001 ER PT J AU Thurber, CH Brocher, TM Zhang, HJ Langenheim, VE AF Thurber, Clifford H. Brocher, Thomas M. Zhang, Haijiang Langenheim, Victoria E. TI Three-dimensional P wave velocity model for the San Francisco Bay region, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LOCAL EARTHQUAKE TOMOGRAPHY; DOUBLE-DIFFERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; WEST-CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; 1989 LOMA-PRIETA; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; FAULT-ZONE; SEISMIC-REFRACTION; ANDREAS FAULT; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; CALAVERAS FAULTS AB A new three-dimensional P wave velocity model for the greater San Francisco Bay region has been derived using the double-difference seismic tomography method, using data from about 5,500 chemical explosions or air gun blasts and approximately 6,000 earthquakes. The model region covers 140 km NE- SW by 240 km NW- SE, extending from 20 km south of Monterey to Santa Rosa and reaching from the Pacific coast to the edge of the Great Valley. Our model provides the first regional view of a number of basement highs that are imaged in the uppermost few kilometers of the model, and images a number of velocity anomaly lows associated with known Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins in the study area. High velocity (Vp > 6.5 km/ s) features at similar to 15- km depth beneath part of the edge of the Great Valley and along the San Francisco peninsula are interpreted as ophiolite bodies. The relocated earthquakes provide a clear picture of the geometry of the major faults in the region, illuminating fault dips that are generally consistent with previous studies. Ninety-five percent of the earthquakes have depths between 2.3 and 15.2 km, and the corresponding seismic velocities at the hypocenters range from 4.8 km/ s (presumably corresponding to Franciscan basement or Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the Great Valley Sequence) to 6.8 km/ s. The top of the seismogenic zone is thus largely controlled by basement depth, but the base of the seismogenic zone is not restricted to seismic velocities of <= 6.3 km/ s in this region, as had been previously proposed. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thurber, CH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM thurber@geology.wisc.edu OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X NR 92 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 17 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B7 AR B07313 DI 10.1029/2006JB004682 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 193QD UT WOS:000248288200001 ER PT J AU Groocockl, GH Getchell, RG Wooster, GA Britt, KL Batts, WN Winton, JR Casey, RN Casey, JW Bowser, PR AF Groocockl, G. H. Getchell, R. G. Wooster, G. A. Britt, K. L. Batts, W. N. Winton, J. R. Casey, R. N. Casey, J. W. Bowser, P. R. TI Detection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia in round gobies in New York state (USA) waters of lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence river SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE viral hemorrhagic septicemia; VHSV; round goby; New York state ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; GREAT-LAKES; VIRUS; ALASKA AB In May 2006 a large mortality of several thousand round gobies Neogobius melanostomus (Papas, 1814) occurred in New York waters of the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario. Necropsies of sampled fish from these areas showed pallor of the liver and gills, and hemorrhagic areas in many organs. Histopathologic examination of affected tissues revealed areas of necrosis and hemorrhage. Inoculations of fathead minnow Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque, 1820) cell cultures with dilutions of tissue samples from the necropsied gobies produced a cytopathic effect within 5 d postinoculation. Samples of cell culture supernatant were tested using RT-PCR and confirmed the presence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). Sequence analysis of the VHSV isolate resulted in its assignment to the type-IVb subgroup. The detection of VHSV in a relatively recent invasive fish species in the Great Lakes and the potential impact of VHSV on the ecology and economy of the area will require further investigation and careful management considerations. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, W Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bowser, PR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM prb4@cornell.edu NR 16 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.3354/dao076187 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 200FJ UT WOS:000248749000002 PM 17803104 ER PT J AU Hagar, JC AF Hagar, Joan C. TI Wildlife species associated with non-coniferous vegetation in Pacific Northwest conifer forests: A review SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Managing Biodiversity in Pacific Northwest Forests CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE biodiversity; broad-leaved trees; forest management; forest understory; wildlife habitat ID OREGON COAST RANGE; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; WHITE-FOOTED VOLE; WESTERN OREGON; SMALL MAMMALS; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; BIRD COMMUNITIES; YOUNG FORESTS; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY AB Non-coniferous vegetation, including herbs, shrubs, and broad-leaved trees, makes a vital contribution to ecosystem function and diversity in Pacific Northwest conifer forests. However, forest management has largely been indifferent or detrimental to shrubs and trees that have low commercial value, in spite of a paradigm shift towards more holistic management in recent decades. Forest management practices that are detrimental to broad-leaved trees and shrubs are likely to decrease habitat diversity for wildlife, but the number of species that may be affected has not previously been enumerated. I reviewed life history accounts for forest-dwelling vertebrate wildlife species and derived a list of 78 species in Oregon and Washington that are associated with non-coniferous vegetation. The diversity of direct and indirect food resources provided was the primary functional basis for associations of most species with non-coniferous vegetation. Thus, a diversity of herbs and broad-leaved trees and shrubs provides the foundation for food webs that contribute to diversity at multiple trophic levels in Pacific Northwest conifer forests. Given the number of species associated with non-coniferous vegetation in conifer-dominated forests, maintaining habitats that support diverse plant communities, particularly broad-leaved trees and shrubs, will be an important component of management strategies intended to foster biodiversity. Silvicultural practices such as modified planting densities, and pre-commercial and commercial thinning, can be used to control stand density in order to favor the development of understory herbs, shrubs, and a diversity of tree species within managed stands. Allowing shrubs and hardwood trees to develop and persist in early seral stands by curtailing vegetation control also would benefit many species associated with non-coniferous vegetation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Hagar, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 777 NW 9th St,Suite 400, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM joan_hagar@usgs.gov NR 165 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 16 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1 BP 108 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.054 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 193MT UT WOS:000248278800011 ER PT J AU Saunders, AD Jones, SM Morgan, LA Pierce, KL Widdowson, M Xu, YG AF Saunders, A. D. Jones, S. M. Morgan, L. A. Pierce, K. L. Widdowson, M. Xu, Y. G. TI Regional uplift associated with continental large igneous provinces: The roles of mantle plumes and the lithosphere SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE mantle plume; large igneous province; lithosphere; delamination; deccan traps; Siberian traps; emeishan traps; north Atlantic; igneous province; yellowstone province ID DECCAN FLOOD BASALTS; CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; WEST SIBERIAN BASIN; K-T BOUNDARY; EFFECTIVE ELASTIC THICKNESS; MAASTRICHTIAN LAMETA BEDS; PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY; SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; NORTH-SEA BASIN; YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT AB The timing and duration of surface uplift associated with large igneous provinces provide important constraints on mantle convection processes. Here we review geological indicators of surface uplift associated with five continent-based magmatic provinces: Emeishan Traps (260 million years ago: Ma), Siberian Traps (251 Ma), Deccan Traps (65 Ma), North Atlantic (Phase 1, 61 Ma and Phase 2, 5 5 Ma), and Yellowstone (16 Ma to recent). All five magmatic provinces were associated with surface uplift. Surface uplift can be measured directly from sedimentary indicators of sea-level in the North Atlantic and from geomorpholocial indicators of relative uplift and tilting in Yellowstone. In the other provinces, surface uplift is inferred from the record of erosion. In the Deccan, North Atlantic and Emeishan provinces, transient uplift that results from variations in thermal structure of the lithosphere and underlying mantle can be distinguished from permanent uplift that results from the extraction and emplacement of magma. Transient surface uplift is more useful in constraining mantle convection since models of melt generation and emplacement are not required for its interpretation. Observations of the spatial and temporal relationships between surface uplift, rifting and magmatism are also important in constraining models of LIP formation. Onset of surface uplift preceded magmatism in all five of the provinces. Biostratigraphic constraints on timing of uplift and erosion are best for the North Atlantic and Emeishan Provinces, where the time interval between significant uplift and first magmatism is less than 1 million years and 2.5 million years respectively. Rifting post-dates the earliest magmatism in the case of the North Atlantic Phase 1 and possibly in the case of Siberia. The relative age of onset of offshore rifting is not well constrained for the Deccan and the importance of rifting in controlling magmatism is disputed in the Emeishan and Yellowstone Provinces. In these examples, rifting is not a requirement for onset of LIP magmatism but melting rates are significantly increased when rifting occurs. Models that attempt to explain emplacement of these five LIPs without hot mantle supplied by mantle plumes often have difficulties in explaining the observations of surface uplift, rifting and magmatism. For example, small-scale convection related to craton or rift boundaries (edge-driven convection) cannot easily explain widespread (1000 km scale) transient surface uplift (Emeishan, Deccan, North Atlantic), and upper mantle convection initiated by differential incubation beneath cratons (the hotcell model) is at odds with rapid onset of surface uplift (Emeishan, North Atlantic). The start-up plume concept is still the most parsimonious way of explaining the observations presented here. However, observations of surface uplift cannot directly constrain the depth of origin of the hot mantle in a plume head. The short time interval between onset of transient surface uplift and magmatism in the North Atlantic and Emeishan means that the associated starting plume heads were probably not large (similar to 1000 km diameter) roughly spherical diapirs and are likely to have formed narrow (similar to 100 km radius) upwelling jets, with hot mantle then spreading rapidly outward within the asthenosphere. In cases where rifting post-dates magmatism (N Atlantic Phase 1) or where the degree of lithospheric extension may not have been great (Siberia), a secondary mechanism of lithospheric thinning, such as gravitational instability or delamination of the lower lithosphere, may be required to allow hot mantle to decompress sufficiently to explain the observed volume of magma with a shallow melting geochemical signature. Any such additional thinning mechanisms are probably a direct consequence of plume head emplacement. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Leicester, Dept Geol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Geol, Dublin 2, Ireland. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, Key Lab Isotope Geochronol & Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. RP Saunders, AD (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Geol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM ads@le.ac.uk; stephen.jones@tcd.ie; lmorgan@usgs.gov; kpierce@usgs.gov; m.widdowson@open.ac.uk; yigangxu@gig.ac.cn RI Xu, Yi-Gang/E-9539-2010 NR 231 TC 101 Z9 113 U1 5 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 241 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 282 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.01.017 PG 37 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 187LH UT WOS:000247848700008 ER PT J AU Ghrefat, HA Goodell, PC Hubbard, BE Langford, RP Aldouri, RE AF Ghrefat, Habes A. Goodell, Philip C. Hubbard, Bernard E. Langford, Richard P. Aldouri, Raed E. TI Modeling grain size variations of aeolian gypsum deposits at White Sands, New Mexico, using AVIRIS imagery SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AVIRIS; White Sands; dunes; grain size; band depth ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLE-SIZE; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; LONGITUDINAL-DUNE; MU-M; DESERT; SNOW; SURFACES; FROST AB Visible and Near-Infrared (VNIR) through Short Wavelength Infrared (SWIR) (0.4-2.5 mu m) AVIRIS data, along with laboratory spectral measurements and analyses of field samples, were used to characterize grain size variations in aeolian gypsum deposits across barchan-transverse, parabolic, and barchan dunes at White Sands, New Mexico, USA. All field samples contained a mineralogy of similar to 100% gypsum. In order to document grain size variations at White Sands, surficial gypsum samples were collected along three Transects parallel to the prevailing downwind direction. Grain size analyses were carried out on the samples by sieving them into seven size fractions ranging from 45 to 621 pm, which were subjected to spectral measurements. Absorption band depths of the size fractions were determined after applying an automated continuum-removal procedure to each spectrum. Then, the relationship between absorption band depth and gypsum size fraction was established using a linear regression. Three software processing steps were carried out to measure the grain size variations of gypsum in the Dune Area using AVIRIS data. AVIRIS mapping results, field work and laboratory analysis all show that the interdune areas have lower absorption band depth values and consist of finer grained gypsum deposits. In contrast, the dune crest areas have higher absorption band depth values and consist of coarser grained gypsum deposits. Based on laboratory estimates, a representative barchan-transverse dune (Transect 1) has a mean grain size of 1.16 phi (449 mu m). The error bar results show that the error ranges from -50 to+50 mu m. Mean grain size for a representative parabolic dune (Transect 2) is 1.51 phi (352 mu m), and 1.52 phi (347 mu m) for a representative barchan dune (Transect 3). T-test results confirm that there are differences in the grain size distributions between barchan and parabolic dunes and between interdune and dune crest areas. The t-test results also show that there are no significant differences between modeled and laboratory-measured grain size values. Hyperspectral grain size modeling can help to determine dynamic processes shaping the formation of the dunes such as wind directions, and the relative strengths of winds through time. This has implications for studying such processes on other planetary landforms that have mineralogy with unique absorption bands in VNIR-SWIR hyperspectral data. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ghrefat, Habes A.] Univ Texas El Paso, Environm Sci & Engn PhD Program, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Goodell, Philip C.; Langford, Richard P.; Aldouri, Raed E.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Hubbard, Bernard E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ghrefat, HA (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Environm Sci & Engn PhD Program, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM haghrefat@yahoo.com NR 57 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.10.013 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 244UX UT WOS:000251891900005 ER PT J AU Findell, KL Shevliakova, E Milly, PCD Stouffer, RJ AF Findell, Kirsten L. Shevliakova, Elena Milly, P. C. D. Stouffer, Ronald J. TI Modeled impact of anthropogenic land cover change on climate SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE COUPLING EXPERIMENT; BOUNDARY LAYER INTERACTIONS; PART I; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; ENERGY BALANCES; AIR-TEMPERATURE; SEA-ICE; CIRCULATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Equilibrium experiments with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's climate model are used to investigate the impact of anthropogenic land cover change on climate. Regions of altered land cover include large portions of Europe, India, eastern China, and the eastern United States. Smaller areas of change are present in various tropical regions. This study focuses on the impacts of biophysical changes associated with the land cover change (albedo, root and stomatal properties, roughness length), which is almost exclusively a conversion from forest to grassland in the model; the effects of irrigation or other water management practices and the effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide changes associated with land cover conversion are not included in these experiments. The model suggests that observed land cover changes have little or no impact on globally averaged climatic variables (e.g., 2-m air temperature is 0.008 K warmer in a simulation with 1990 land cover compared to a simulation with potential natural vegetation cover). Differences in the annual mean climatic fields analyzed did not exhibit global field significance. Within some of the regions of land cover change, however, there are relatively large changes of many surface climatic variables. These changes are highly significant locally in the annual mean and in most months of the year in eastern Europe and northern India. They can be explained mainly as direct and indirect consequences of model-prescribed increases in surface albedo, decreases in rooting depth, and changes of stomatal control that accompany deforestation. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Findell, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM kirsten.findell@noaa.gov RI Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014 NR 44 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 20 IS 14 BP 3621 EP 3634 DI 10.1175/JCLI4185.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 196LZ UT WOS:000248484700017 ER PT J AU Rosenberry, DO Winter, TC Buso, DC Likens, GE AF Rosenberry, Donald O. Winter, Thomas C. Buso, Donald C. Likens, Gene E. TI Comparison of 15 evaporation methods applied to a small mountain lake in the northeastern USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE lake evaporation; methods comparison; energy balance ID ENERGY-BUDGET METHOD; FETCH REQUIREMENTS; PRAIRIE WETLAND; NORTH-DAKOTA; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; WILLIAMS-LAKE; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; SHALLOW LAKE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Few detailed evaporation studies exist for small takes or reservoirs in mountainous settings. A detailed evaporation study was conducted at Mirror Lake, a 0.15 km(2) take in New Hampshire, northeastern USA, as part of a long-term investigation of take hydrology. Evaporation was determined using 14 alternate evaporation methods during six open-water seasons and compared with values from the Bowen-ratio energy-budget (BREB) method, considered the standard. Values from the Priestley-Taylor, deBruin-Keijman, and Penman methods compared most favorably with BREB-determined values. Differences from BREB values averaged 0.19, 0.27, and 0.20 mm d(-1), respectively, and results were within 20% of BREB values during more than 90% of the 37 monthly comparison periods. All three methods require measurement of net radiation, air temperature, change in heat stored in the take, and vapor pressure, making them relatively data intensive. Several of the methods had substantial bias when compared with BREB values and were subsequently modified to eliminate bias. Methods that rely only on measurement of air temperature, or air temperature and solar radiation, were relatively cost-effective options for measuring evaporation at this small. New England take, outperforming some methods that require measurement of a greater number of variables. It is likely that the atmosphere above Mirror Lake was affected by occasional formation of separation eddies on the Lee side of nearby high terrain, although those influences do not appear to be significant to measured evaporation from the Lake when averaged over monthly periods. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Campton, NH 03223 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Rosenberry, DO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rosenber@usgs.gov; tcwinter@usgs.gov; dbuso@worldpath.net; likensg@ecostudies.org RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 48 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 340 IS 3-4 BP 149 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.03.018 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 191XY UT WOS:000248166500002 ER PT J AU Lindsey, DA Langer, WH Van Gosen, BS AF Lindsey, David A. Langer, William H. Van Gosen, Bradley S. TI Using pebble lithology and roundness to interpret gravel provenance in piedmont fluvial systems of the Rocky Mountains, USA SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE provenance; pebble count; roundness; contingency table; fluvial; Pleistocene ID WIND RIVER RANGE; CHRONOLOGY AB Clast populations in piedmont fluvial systems are products of complex histories that complicate provenance interpretation. Although pebble counts of lithology are widely used, the information provided by a pebble count has been filtered by a potentially large number of processes and circumstances. Counts of pebble lithology and roundness together offer more power than lithology alone for the interpretation of provenance. In this study we analyze pebble counts of lithology and roundness in two contrasting fluvial systems of Pleistocene age to see how provenance varies with drainage size. The two systems are 1) a group of small high-gradient incised streams that formed alluvial fans and terraces and 2) a piedmont river that formed terraces in response to climate-driven cycles of aggradation and incision. We first analyze the data from these systems within their geographic and geologic context. After this is done, we employ contingency table analysis to complete the interpretation of pebble provenance. Small tributary streams that drain rugged mountains on both sides of the Santa Cruz River, southeast Arizona, deposited gravel in fan and terrace deposits of Pleistocene age. Volcanic, plutonic and, to a lesser extent, sedimentary rocks are the predominant pebble lithologies. Large contrasts in gravel lithology are evident among adjacent fans. Subangular to subrounded pebbles predominate. Contingency table analysis shows that hard volcanic rocks tend to remain angular and, even though transport distances have been short, soft tuff and sedimentary rocks tend to become rounded. The Wind River, a major piedmont stream in Wyoming, drains rugged mountains surrounding the northwest part of the Wind River basin. Under the influence of climate change and glaciation during the Pleistocene, the river deposited an extensive series of terrace gravels. In contrast to Santa Cruz tributary gravel, most of the Wind River gravel is relatively homogenous in lithology and is rounded to well-rounded. Detailed analysis reveals a multitude of sources in the headwaters and the basin itself, but lithologies from these sources are combined downstream. Well-rounded volcanic and recycled quartzite clasts were derived from the headwaters. Precambrian igneous and metamorphic clasts were brought down tributary valleys to the Wind River by glaciers, and sandstone was added where the river enters the Wind River structural basin. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lindsey, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dlindsey@usgs.gov OI Van Gosen, Bradley/0000-0003-4214-3811 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 199 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.02.006 PG 10 WC Geology SC Geology GA 187EO UT WOS:000247830400007 ER PT J AU ten Brink, US Rybakov, M Al-Zoubi, AS Rotstein, Y AF ten Brink, Uri S. Rybakov, Michael Al-Zoubi, Abdallah S. Rotstein, Yair TI Magnetic character of a large continental transform: An aeromagnetic survey of the Dead Sea Fault SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fault zone width; Dead Sea Fault; magnetic anomalies; high-resolution airborne magnetic survey; Arava Fault; shallow fault; 8111 tectonophysics : continental tectonics : strike-slip and transform; 1517 geomagnetism and; paleomagnetism : magnetic anomalies : modeling and interpretation; 7250 seismology : transform faults ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; ARABA VALLEY; RIFT-VALLEY; JORDAN; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; MOTION; TECTONICS; PARKFIELD AB [1] New high-resolution airborne magnetic (HRAM) data along a 120-km-long section of the Dead Sea Transform in southern Jordan and Israel shed light on the shallow structure of the fault zone and on the kinematics of the plate boundary. Despite infrequent seismic activity and only intermittent surface exposure, the fault is delineated clearly on a map of the first vertical derivative of the magnetic intensity, indicating that the source of the magnetic anomaly is shallow. The fault is manifested by a 10-20 nT negative anomaly in areas where the fault cuts through magnetic basement and by a <5 nT positive anomaly in other areas. Modeling suggests that the shallow fault is several hundred meters wide, in agreement with other geophysical and geological observations. A magnetic expression is observed only along the active trace of the fault and may reflect alteration of magnetic minerals due to fault zone processes or groundwater flow. The general lack of surface expression of the fault may reflect the absence of surface rupture during earthquakes. The magnetic data also indicate that unlike the San Andreas Fault, the location of this part of the plate boundary was stable throughout its history. Magnetic anomalies also support a total left-lateral offset of 105-110 km along the plate boundary, as suggested by others. Finally, despite previous suggestions of transtensional motion along the Dead Sea Transform, we did not identify any igneous intrusions related to the activity of this fault segment. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Geophys Inst Israel, IL-71100 Lod, Israel. Al Balqa Appl Univ, Dept Surveying & Genomat, Salt 19117, Jordan. RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM utenbrink@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUL 13 PY 2007 VL 8 AR Q07005 DI 10.1029/2007GC001582 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 189XY UT WOS:000248023200001 ER PT J AU Konikow, LF Neuzil, CE AF Konikow, L. F. Neuzil, C. E. TI A method to estimate groundwater depletion from confining layers SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LEAKY AQUIFERS; FLOW; APPLICABILITY; MUDROCKS; SYSTEM; CLAYS; WATER AB Although depletion of storage in low-permeability confining layers is the source of much of the groundwater produced from many confined aquifer systems, it is all too frequently overlooked or ignored. This makes effective management of groundwater resources difficult by masking how much water has been derived from storage and, in some cases, the total amount of water that has been extracted from an aquifer system. Analyzing confining layer storage is viewed as troublesome because of the additional computational burden and because the hydraulic properties of confining layers are poorly known. In this paper we propose a simplified method for computing estimates of confining layer depletion, as well as procedures for approximating confining layer hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (S-s) using geologic information. The latter makes the technique useful in developing countries and other settings where minimal data are available or when scoping calculations are needed. As such, our approach may be helpful for estimating the global transfer of groundwater to surface water. A test of the method on a synthetic system suggests that the computational errors will generally be small. Larger errors will probably result from inaccuracy in confining layer property estimates, but these may be no greater than errors in more sophisticated analyses. The technique is demonstrated by application to two aquifer systems: the Dakota artesian aquifer system in South Dakota and the coastal plain aquifer system in Virginia. In both cases, depletion from confining layers was substantially larger than depletion from the aquifers. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Konikow, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 54 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 13 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 7 AR W07417 DI 10.1029/2006WR005597 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 190EF UT WOS:000248040100007 ER PT J AU Beeler, NM Tullis, TE Kronenberg, AK Reinen, LA AF Beeler, N. M. Tullis, T. E. Kronenberg, A. K. Reinen, L. A. TI The instantaneous rate dependence in low temperature laboratory rock friction and rock deformation experiments SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SUBCRITICAL CRACK-GROWTH; AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCES; STRAIN-RATE; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; BRITTLE DEFORMATION; STRESS-CORROSION; WESTERLY GRANITE; STATIC FATIGUE; FAILURE MODELS; EARTHQUAKES AB [1] Earthquake occurrence probabilities that account for stress transfer and time-dependent failure depend on the product of the effective normal stress and a lab-derived dimensionless coefficient a. This coefficient describes the instantaneous dependence of fault strength on deformation rate, and determines the duration of precursory slip. Although an instantaneous rate dependence is observed for fracture, friction, crack growth, and low temperature plasticity in laboratory experiments, the physical origin of this effect during earthquake faulting is obscure. We examine this rate dependence in laboratory experiments on different rock types using a normalization scheme modified from one proposed by Tullis and Weeks [1987]. We compare the instantaneous rate dependence in rock friction with rate dependence measurements from higher temperature dislocation glide experiments. The same normalization scheme is used to compare rate dependence in friction to rock fracture and to low-temperature crack growth tests. For particular weak phyllosilicate minerals, the instantaneous friction rate dependence is consistent with dislocation glide. In intact rock failure tests, for each rock type considered, the instantaneous rate dependence is the same size as for friction, suggesting a common physical origin. During subcritical crack growth in strong quartzofeldspathic and carbonate rock where glide is not possible, the instantaneous rate dependence measured during failure or creep tests at high stress has long been thought to be due to crack growth; however, direct comparison between crack growth and friction tests shows poor agreement. The crack growth rate dependence appears to be higher than the rate dependence of friction and fracture by a factor of two to three for all rock types considered. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Pomona Coll, Pomona, CA USA. RP Beeler, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM nbeeler@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 12 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B7 AR B07310 DI 10.1029/2005JB003772 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 190BZ UT WOS:000248034200001 ER PT J AU Sun, JL Burns, SP Delany, AC Oncley, SP Turnipseed, AA Stephens, BB Lenschow, DH LeMone, MA Monson, RK Anderson, DE AF Sun, Jielun Burns, Sean P. Delany, Anthony C. Oncley, Steven P. Turnipseed, Andrew A. Stephens, Britton B. Lenschow, Donald H. LeMone, Margaret A. Monson, Russell K. Anderson, Dean E. TI CO2 transport over complex terrain SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE canopy; carbon dioxide; complex terrain; drainage flow ID SUB-ALPINE FOREST; ECOSYSTEM-ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; TURBULENT FLUX MEASUREMENTS; BOUNDARY-LAYER STRUCTURE; NOCTURNAL DRAINAGE FLOW; SURFACE-AIR EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIGH-ELEVATION; MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; TALL VEGETATION AB CO2 transport processes relevant for estimating net ecosystem exchange (NEE) at the Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux site in the front range of the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA, were investigated during a pilot experiment. We found that cold, moist, and CO2-rich air was transported downslope at night and upslope in the early morning at this forest site situated on a similar to 5% east-facing slope. We found that CO2 advection dominated the total CO2 transport in the NEE estimate at night although there are large uncertainties because of partial cancellation of horizontal and vertical advection. The horizontal CO2 advection captured not only the CO2 loss at night, but also the CO2 uptake during daytime. We found that horizontal CO2 advection was significant even during daytime especially when turbulent mixing was not significant, such as in early morning and evening transition periods and within the canopy. Similar processes can occur anywhere regardless of whether flow is generated by orography, synoptic pressure gradients, or surface heterogeneity as long as CO2 concentration is not well mixed by turbulence. The long-term net effect of all the CO2 budget terms on estimates of NEE needs to be investigated. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Sun, JL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM jsun@ucar.edu RI Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008; Sun, Jielun/H-6576-2015; OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182; Sun, Jielun/0000-0003-3271-7914; LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098 NR 87 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL 9 PY 2007 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.02.007 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 194CZ UT WOS:000248322900001 ER PT J AU Johnson, JR Bell, JF Cloutis, E Staid, M Farrand, WH Mccoy, T Rice, M Wang, A Yen, A AF Johnson, J. R. Bell, J. F., III Cloutis, E. Staid, M. Farrand, W. H. McCoy, T. Rice, M. Wang, A. Yen, A. TI Mineralogic constraints on sulfur-rich soils from Pancam spectra at Gusev crater, Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MIXTURE ANALYSIS; DISCRIMINATION AB [1] The Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Spirit excavated sulfur-rich soils exhibiting high albedo and relatively white to yellow colors at three main locations on and south of Husband Hill in Gusev crater, Mars. The multispectral visible/near-infrared properties of these disturbed soils revealed by the Pancam stereo color camera vary appreciably over small spatial scales, but exhibit spectral features suggestive of ferric sulfates. Spectral mixture models constrain the mineralogy of these soils to include ferric sulfates in various states of hydration, such as ferricopiapite [Fe2/32+Fe43+(SO4)(6)(OH)(2) center dot 20(H2O)], hydronium jarosite [(H3O)Fe-3(3+) (SO4)(2)(OH)(6)], fibroferrite [Fe3+(SO4)(OH) center dot 5(H2O)], rhomboclase [HFe3+(SO4)(2) center dot 4(H2O)], and paracoquimbite [Fe-2(3+) (SO4)(3) center dot 9(H2O)]. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Johnson, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jrjohnson@usgs.gov; jfb8@cornell.edu; e.cloutis@uwinnipeg.ca; staid@psi.edu; farrand@colorado.edu; mccoyt@si.edu; mrice@astro.cornell.edu; alianw@levee.wustl.edu; albert.yen@jpl.nasa.gov RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 NR 36 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 13 AR L13202 DI 10.1029/2007GL029894 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 187WP UT WOS:000247880100004 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Budahn, J Reheis, M Beann, J Skipp, G Fisher, E AF Muhs, Daniel R. Budahn, James Reheis, Marith Beann, Jossh Skipp, Gary Fisher, Eric TI Airborne dust transport to the eastern Pacific Ocean off southern California: Evidence from San Clemente Island SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; CIMA VOLCANIC FIELD; LATE QUATERNARY; MOJAVE-DESERT; EOLIAN DUST; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; CANARY ARCHIPELAGO; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; SIZE DISTRIBUTION AB [1] Islands are natural dust traps, and San Clemente Island, California, is a good example. Soils on marine terraces cut into Miocene andesite on this island are clay-rich Vertisols or Alfisols with vertic properties. These soils are overlain by silt-rich mantles, 5-20 cm thick, that contrast sharply with the underlying clay-rich subsoils. The silt mantles have a mineralogy that is distinct from the island bedrock. Silt mantles are rich in quartz, which is rare in the island andesite. The clay fraction of the silt mantles is dominated by mica, also absent from local andesite, and contrasts with the subsoils, dominated by smectite. Ternary plots of immobile trace elements (Sc-Th-La and Ta-Nd-Cr) show that the island andesite has a composition intermediate between average upper continental crust and average oceanic crust. In contrast, the silt and, to a lesser extent, clay fractions of the silt mantles have compositions closer to average upper continental crust. The silt mantles have particle size distributions similar to loess and Mojave Desert dust, but are coarser than long-range-transported Asian dust. We infer from these observations that the silt mantles are derived from airborne dust from the North American mainland, probably river valleys in the coastal mountains of southern California and/or the Mojave Desert. Although average winds are from the northwest in coastal California, easterly winds occur numerous times of the year when "Santa Ana'' conditions prevail, caused by a high-pressure cell centered over the Great Basin. Examination of satellite imagery shows that easterly Santa Ana winds carry abundant dust to the eastern Pacific Ocean and the California Channel Islands. Airborne dust from mainland North America may be an important component of the offshore sediment budget in the easternmost Pacific Ocean, a finding of potential biogeochemical and climatic significance. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov NR 73 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 6 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D13 AR D13203 DI 10.1029/2006JD007577 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187XB UT WOS:000247881300001 ER PT J AU Cruikshank, DP Dalton, JB Ore, CMD Bauer, J Stephan, K Filacchione, G Hendrix, AR Hansen, CJ Coradini, A Cerroni, P Tosi, F Capaccioni, F Jaumann, R Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Brown, RH Nelson, RM McCord, TB Baines, KH Nicholson, PD Sotin, C Meyer, AW Bellucci, G Combes, M Bibring, JP Langevin, Y Sicardy, B Matson, DL Formisano, V Drossart, P Mennella, V AF Cruikshank, D. P. Dalton, J. B. Ore, C. M. Dalle Bauer, J. Stephan, K. Filacchione, G. Hendrix, A. R. Hansen, C. J. Coradini, A. Cerroni, P. Tosi, F. Capaccioni, F. Jaumann, R. Buratti, B. J. Clark, R. N. Brown, R. H. Nelson, R. M. McCord, T. B. Baines, K. H. Nicholson, P. D. Sotin, C. Meyer, A. W. Bellucci, G. Combes, M. Bibring, J.-P. Langevin, Y. Sicardy, B. Matson, D. L. Formisano, V. Drossart, P. Mennella, V. TI Surface composition of Hyperion SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PHOEBE; THOLINS; IAPETUS; CO2 AB Hyperion, Saturn's eighth largest icy satellite, is a body of irregular shape in a state of chaotic rotation(1,2). The surface is segregated into two distinct units. A spatially dominant high-albedo unit having the strong signature of H2O ice contrasts with a unit that is about a factor of four lower in albedo and is found mostly in the bottoms of cup-like craters. Here we report observations of Hyperion's surface in the ultraviolet and near-infrared spectral regions with two optical remote sensing instruments on the Cassini spacecraft at closest approach during a fly-by on 25 - 26 September 2005. The close fly-by afforded us the opportunity to obtain separate reflectance spectra of the high-and low-albedo surface components. The low-albedo material has spectral similarities and compositional signatures that link it with the surface of Phoebe and a hemisphere-wide superficial coating on Iapetus. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USR SOFIA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. DLR, Inst Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. INAF IASF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosmica, I-00133 Rome, Italy. INAF IASF Ist Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Denver Fed Ctr, USGS, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Space Sci Inst NW, Winthrop, WA USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nantes, F-44072 Nantes, France. Observ Paris, Dept Rech Spatial, F-95129 Meudon, France. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatial, F-91405 Orsay, France. INAF OAC Osservat Astron Capodimonte, I-80131 Naples, Italy. RP Cruikshank, DP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Dale.P.Cruikshank@nasa.gov OI Tosi, Federico/0000-0003-4002-2434; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 5 PY 2007 VL 448 IS 7149 BP 54 EP 56 DI 10.1038/nature05948 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 185OS UT WOS:000247720900035 PM 17611536 ER PT J AU Dodd, CK Barichivich, WJ Johnson, SA Staiger, JS AF Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. Barichivich, Willlam J. Johnson, Steve A. Staiger, Jennifer S. TI Changes in a northwestern Florida gulf coast herpetofaunal community over a 28-y period SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; HISTORICAL CHANGES; DIVERSITY; FIRE; ASSEMBLAGE; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; WILDLIFE; REPTILES; FROG AB Population declines of amphibians and reptiles throughout the world have led to the initiation of projects to monitor their status and trends. Historical collections give an indication of which species occurred in an area at one time, although the ambiguity surrounding locations and environmental conditions associated with collection decreases the value of this information source. Resampling using the same general protocols can give valuable insights to changes in community structure. However, this is only feasible when sampling methodology and exact site locations are known. From 2002-2005 we resampled 12 sites in St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge in Florida's panhandle, an area in which intensive herpetological surveys were conducted in 1977-1979. We documented a general decrease in species richness among the diversely managed sites, changes in dominant species and diversity and an increasing trend toward homogeneity of the herpetofaunal community among habitats. Changes were attributed to four causes: 28-gamma of forest community succession, changes in management practices, non-detection of species due to variation in sampling conditions and a decrease in occupancy by four amphibians and three reptiles. The use of population and habitat-related indexes helped define possible influences on community change and can be used to target species for monitoring. Declines of these seven species are of concern, especially considering the protected status of the refuge and its increasing isolation as surrounding landscapes are converted to urbanized settings. C1 US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Dodd, CK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM terrapene600@gmail.com NR 47 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 158 IS 1 BP 29 EP 48 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[29:CIANFG]2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194ES UT WOS:000248327800003 ER PT J AU Kamler, JF Ballard, WB Wallace, MC Gilliland, RL Gipson, PS AF Kamler, Jan F. Ballard, Warren B. Wallace, Mark C. Gilliland, Rick L. Gipson, Philip S. TI Dietary overlap of swift foxes and coyotes in northwestern Texas SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID JOAQUIN KIT FOXES; WESTERN KANSAS; FOOD-HABITS; RED FOXES; SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; VULPES VELOX; COMPETITION; POPULATION; CARNIVORES AB Predation by coyotes (Canis latrans) has been documented as the main cause of mortality in most populations of swift foxes (Vulpes velox), although reasons for such high predation rates were often unclear. Additionally, coyotes kill but generally do not consume swift foxes suggesting coyotes kill for reasons other than food. To better understand ecological relationships between these species, we studied dietary overlap of syntopic coyotes and swift foxes in northwestern Texas from 1998 to 2000. Both species consumed the same food items and had similar seasonal changes in diets, although the order of these items differed for each species. Overall, coyotes and swift foxes had high dietary overlap (Ro = 0.856), although some dietary partitioning was evident based on food size categories. Dietary overlap was least in summer (Ro = 0.714) and greatest in winter (Ro = 0.859). Swift fox diets were dominated by small food items (i.e., rodents and insects), whereas coyote diets had nearly equal representation of all food classes. The similarity in diets between coyotes and swift foxes indicated the potential for resource competition between these species, although we did not determine food availability. Regardless, the killing and spatial displacement of swift foxes by coyotes throughout their distribution might be due to their high food resource overlap, especially because coyote populations tend to be limited by prey availability. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. W Texas State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Ballard, WB (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Box 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM warren.ballard@ttu.edu RI Wallace, Mark/A-1263-2010; Kamler, Jan/F-8520-2011 NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 158 IS 1 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[139:DOOSFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194ES UT WOS:000248327800012 ER PT J AU Johnson, JR Staid, MI Kraft, MD AF Johnson, Jeffrey R. Staid, Matthew I. Kraft, Michael D. TI Thermal infrared spectroscopy and modeling of experimentally shocked basalts SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE shock; infrared; spectroscopy; basalt; deconvolution; Mars ID EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; PLAGIOCLASE FELDSPARS; DIAPLECTIC GLASS; MARS; SPECTRA; SPECTROMETER; ROCKS; AMORPHIZATION; TERRESTRIAL; CONSTRAINTS AB New measurements of thermal infrared emission spectra (250-1400 cm(-1); similar to 7-40 mu m) of experimentally shocked basalt and basaltic andesite (17-56 GPa) exhibit changes in spectral features with increasing pressure consistent with changes in the structure of plagioclase feldspars. Major spectral absorptions in unshocked rocks between 350-700 cm(-1)(due to Si-O-Si octahedral bending vibrations) and between 1000-1250 cm(-1) (due to Si-O antisymmetric stretch motions of the silica tetrahedra) transform at pressures >20-25 GPa to two broad spectral features centered near 950-1050 and 400-450 cm(-1). Linear deconvolution models using spectral libraries composed of common mineral and glass spectra replicate the spectra of shocked basalt relatively well up to shock pressures of 20-25 GPa, above which model errors increase substantially, coincident with the onset of diaplectic glass formation in plagioclase. Inclusion of shocked feldspar spectra in the libraries improves fits for more highly shocked basalt. However, deconvolution models of the basaltic andesite select shocked feldspar end-members even for unshocked samples, likely caused by the higher primary glass content in the basaltic andesite sample. C1 United States Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Johnson, JR (reprint author), United States Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jrjohnson@usgs.gov RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 NR 69 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 92 IS 7 BP 1148 EP 1157 DI 10.2138/am.2007.2356 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 188AM UT WOS:000247890700020 ER PT J AU Schemel, LE Kimball, BA Runkel, RL Cox, MH AF Schemel, Laurence E. Kimball, Briant A. Runkel, Robert L. Cox, Marisa H. TI Formation of mixed Al-Fe colloidal sorbent and dissolved-colloidal partitioning of Cu and Zn in the Cement Creek - Animas River Confluence, Silverton, Colorado SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; BINARY OXIDE SUSPENSIONS; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; HYDROUS OXIDES; MINING DISTRICT; MOUNTAIN STREAM; TRACE-METALS; COPPER SORPTION; AQUEOUS ZN(II); NATURAL-WATERS AB Transport and chemical transformations of dissolved and colloidal Al, Fe, Cu and Zn were studied by detailed sampling in the mixing zone downstream from the confluence of Cement Creek (pH 4. 1) with the Animas River (pH 7.6). Complete mixing resulted in circumneutral pH in the downstream reach of the 1300 m study area. All four metals were transported through this mixing zone without significant losses to the streambed, and they exhibited transformations from dissolved to colloidal forms to varying degrees during the mixing process. Nearly all of the Al formed colloidal hydrous Al oxides (HAO) as pH increased (4.8-6.5), whereas colloidal hydrous Fe oxides (HFO) were supplied by Cement Creek as well as formed in the mixing zone primarily at higher pH (>6.5). The short travel time through the mixing zone (approx. 40 min) and pH limited the formation of HFO from dissolved Fe (2+) supplied by Cement Creek. Although the proportions of HAO and HFO varied as the streams mixed, the colloidal sorbent typically was enriched in HAO relative to HFO by a factor of 1.5-2.1 (by mole) in the pH range where dissolved-to-colloidal partitioning of Cu and Zn was observed. Model simulations of sorption by HFO (alone) greatly underestimated the dissolved-to-colloidal partitioning of Zn. Previous studies have shown that HAO-HFO mixtures can sorb greater amounts of Zn than HFO alone, but the high Zn-to-sorbent ratio in this mixing zone could also account for greater partitioning. In contrast to Zn, comparisons with model simulations did not show that Cu sorption was greater than that for HFO alone, and also indicated that sorption was possibly less than what would be expected for a non-interactive mixture of these two sorbents. These field results for Cu, however, might be influenced by (organic) complexation or other factors in this natural system. Laboratory mixing experiments using natural source waters (upstream of the confluence) showed that the presence of HFO in the mixed sorbent resulted in greater Cu partitioning than for HAO alone, and that the effect was greater with increasing (mole fraction) HFO. This was consistent with field results that showed greater Cu sorption when additional HFO was formed in the downstream reach of the mixing zone. Further research is needed to identify the significance of surface-related mechanisms specific to HAO-HFO mixtures that could affect the partitioning of Cu in natural systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Schemel, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lschemel@usgs.gov NR 66 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1467 EP 1484 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.02.010 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 198MN UT WOS:000248632300014 ER PT J AU Schmitt, CJ Brumbaugh, WG AF Schmitt, C. J. Brumbaugh, W. G. TI Evaluation of potentially nonlethal sampling methods for monitoring mercury concentrations in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; LARGEMOUTH BASS; BLOOD PARAMETERS; MUSCLE-TISSUE; LAKE MEAD; LEAD; SELENIUM; STREAM; TROUT; USA AB We evaluated three potentially nonlethal alternatives to fillet sampling for the determination of mercury (Hg) concentrations in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu). Fish (n = 62, 226-464 mm total length) from six sites in southern Missouri were captured by electrofishing. Blood samples (I mL) from each fish were obtained by caudal veinipuncture with a heparinized needle and syringe. Biopsy needle (10 mm x 14 gauge; three cuts per fish; 10-20 mg total dry weight) and biopsy punch (7 rum x 5 mm in diameter, one plug per fish, 30-50 mg dry weight) samples were obtained from the area beneath the dorsal fin. Fillet samples were obtained from the opposite side of the fish. All samples were freeze-dried and analyzed for total Hg by combustion amalgamation atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean relative standard deviations (RSDs) of triplicate samples were similar for all four methods (2.2-2.4%), but the range of RSDs was greater for blood (0.4-5.5%) than for the muscle methods (1.8-4.0%). Total Hg concentrations in muscle were 0.0200-0.8809 mu g/g wet weight; concentrations in plug, needle, and fillet samples from each fish were nearly identical. Blood Hg concentrations were 0.0006-0.0812 mu g/mL and were highly correlated with muscle concentrations; linear regressions between log-transformed blood and fillet Hg concentrations were linear and statistically significant (p < 0.01), and explained 91-93% of the total variation. Correlations between fillet Hg concentrations and fish size and age were weak; together they explained <= 37% of the total variation, and the relations differed among sites. Overall, any of the alternative methods could provide satisfactory estimates of fillet Hg in smallmouth bass; however, both blood and plug sampling with disposable instruments were easier to perform than needle sampling. The biopsy needle was the most difficult to use, especially on smaller fish, and its relative expense necessitates reuse and, consequently, thorough cleaning between fish to prevent cross-contamination. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Schmitt, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM cjschmitt@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 53 IS 1 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0214-0 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 177FD UT WOS:000247138100009 PM 17486284 ER PT J AU Custer, TW Custer, CM Eichhorst, BA Warburton, D AF Custer, Thomas W. Custer, Christine M. Eichhorst, Bruce A. Warburton, David TI Selenium and metal concentrations in waterbird eggs and chicks at agassiz national wildlife refuge, Minnesota SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE metals; cadmium; chromium; mercury; selenium; bird eggs; feathers; bird livers; waterbirds ID FOOD-CHAIN DIFFERENCES; HEAVY-METALS; BIRDS AB Exceptionally high cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) concentrations were reported in eggs, feathers, or livers of selected waterbird species nesting at Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge (Agassiz) in 1994. Ten- to 15-day-old Franklin's gull (Larus pipixcan), black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), and eared grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) chicks were collected in 1998, 1999, and 2001 at Agassiz and analyzed for selenium (Se) and metals including Cd and Cr. Freshly laid eggs were collected in 2001 from Franklin's gull, black-crowned night-heron, eared grebe, and pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) nests at Agassiz. Based on a multivariate analysis, the pattern of Se and metal concentrations differed among species for eggs, chick feathers, and chick livers. Low Cd and Cr concentrations were measured in eggs, chick livers, and chick feathers of all four species. Mercury concentrations in black-crowned night-heron and eared grebe eggs collected from Agassiz in 2001 were lower than concentrations reported in 1994. Se and metal concentrations, including Cd and Cr, in waterbird eggs and chicks collected at Agassiz in 1998, 1999, and 2001 were not at toxic levels. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, MN 55425 USA. RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed RD, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM tcuster@usgs.gov RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 53 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0139-7 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 177FD UT WOS:000247138100011 PM 17464443 ER PT J AU Williams, TD Warnock, N Takekawa, JY Bishop, MA AF Williams, Tony D. Warnock, Nils Takekawa, John Y. Bishop, Mary Anne TI Flyway-scale variation in plasma triglyceride levels as an index of refueling rate in spring-migrating Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Calidris mauri; migration; plasma triglycerides; radiotelemetry; stopover; Western Sandpiper ID LIPID METABOLITES; STOPOVER ECOLOGY; TRADE-OFFS; BODY-MASS; FAT; MIGRANT; BIRDS; SITE; TIME; AGE AB We combined radiotelemetry, plasma metabolite analyses, and macro-invertebrate prey sampling to investigate variation in putative fattening rates (estimated as plasma triglyceride levels) at the flyway scale in Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) migrating between Punta Banda, Mexico (31 degrees N), and Hartney Bay, Alaska (60 degrees N), a distance of 4,240 km. Birds were caught at a wintering site (San Francisco Bay) and eight stopover sites along this Pacific Flyway. Body mass was higher in females than in males at six sites, but variation was not correlated with latitude for either sex, and the relationship of change in mass by date within sites was uninformative with regard to possible latitudinal variation in fattening rates. At San Francisco Bay, triglyceride levels were higher in the spring than in the winter. Mean plasma triglyceride varied among stopover sites, and there was a significant linear trend of increasing triglyceride levels with latitude as birds migrated north. At San Francisco Bay, length of stay was negatively related to triglyceride levels. However, plasma triglyceride levels at wintering or initial stopover sites (San Francisco and Punta Banda) did not predict individual variation in subsequent rates of travel during migration. We found no significant relationship between triglyceride levels and prey biomass at different stopover sites, which suggests that the latitudinal pattern is not explained by latitudinal changes in food availability. Rather, we suggest that differences in physiology of migratory birds at southern versus northern stopover sites or behavioral differences may allow birds to sustain higher fattening rates closer to the breeding grounds. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. PRBO Conservat Sci, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. RP Williams, TD (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM tdwillia@sfu.ca NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 886 EP 897 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[886:FVIPTL]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 197WI UT WOS:000248586800011 ER PT J AU Grundel, R Pavlovic, NB AF Grundel, Ralph Pavlovic, Noel B. TI Distinctiveness, use, and value of midwestern oak savannas and woodlands as avian habitats SO AUK LA English DT Article DE ecotones; fire frequency; indicator species; oak savanna; oak woodland; seasonal effects; stopover habitat ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; BIRD COMMUNITIES; STAND STRUCTURE; FIRE; DISTURBANCE; FORESTS; CONSERVATION; REMNANT; HISTORY; INDIANA AB Oak savannas and woodlands historically covered millions of hectares in the midwestern United States but are rare today. We evaluated the ecological distinctiveness and conservation value of savannas and woodlands by examining bird distributions across a fire-maintained woody-vegetation gradient in northwest Indiana encompassing five habitats-open habitats with low canopy cover, savannas, woodlands, scrublands, and forests-during migration, breeding, and overwintering. Savannas and woodlands were significantly different in overall bird species composition from open and forest habitats but were often intermediate between open and forest in guild densities. Few bird species were consistently and highly concentrated in savannas or woodlands, and the Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) was the only species significantly more abundant in savannas and woodlands than in open, scrub, and forest habitats. Fire frequency over a 15-year interval was a significant predictor of bird community composition and was positively related to species diversity, spring transient migrant density, and density of the most threatened species. Each habitat type had characteristics potentially important for avian conservation. Scrub had the highest density of transient migrants, which suggests it plays an important role as migration stopover habitat. More species were significantly concentrated in open or forest habitats than in the other habitats. Lack of species concentration and intermediate community composition suggested that birds experienced savannas and woodlands more as ecotones than as habitats distinct from forests or grasslands. However, this intermediate character can benefit conservation, as evidenced by savannas and woodlands having the highest density of the most threatened species along this woody-vegetation gradient. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Grundel, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1000 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM rgrundel@usgs.gov RI Clark, Stacy/I-3410-2015 NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 969 EP 985 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[969:DUAVOM]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 197WI UT WOS:000248586800018 ER PT J AU Simons, TR Alldredge, MW Pollock, KH Wettroth, JM AF Simons, Theodore R. Alldredge, Mathew W. Pollock, Kenneth H. Wettroth, John M. TI Experimental analysis of the auditory detection process on avian point counts SO AUK LA English DT Article DE ambient noise; detection probability; measurement error; point counts ID ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITIES; ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE; BREEDING BIRD; NATIONAL-PARK; DENSITY; DISTANCE; HABITAT; MOUNTAINS; SONGBIRDS; FORESTS AB We have developed a system for simulating the conditions of avian surveys in which birds are identified by sound. The system uses a laptop computer to control a set of amplified MP3 players placed at known locations around a survey point. The system can realistically simulate a known population of songbirds under a range of factors that affect detection probabilities. The goals of our research are to describe the sources and range of variability affecting point-count estimates and to find applications of sampling theory and methodologies that produce practical improvements in the quality of bird-census data. Initial experiments in an open field showed that, on average, observers tend to undercount birds on unlimited-radius counts, though the proportion of birds counted by individual observers ranged from 81% to 132% of the actual total. In contrast to the unlimited-radius counts, when data were truncated at a 50-m radius around the point, observers overestimated the total population by 17% to 122%. Results also illustrate how detection distances decline and identification errors increase with increasing levels of ambient noise. Overall, the proportion of birds heard by observers decreased by 28 +/- 4.7% under breezy conditions, 41 +/- 5.2% with the presence of additional background birds, and 42 +/- 3.4% with the addition of 10 dB of white noise. These findings illustrate some of the inherent difficulties in interpreting avian abundance estimates based on auditory detections, and why estimates that do not account for variations in detection probability will not withstand critical scrutiny. C1 N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Maxim Integrated Prod, Cary, NC 27519 USA. RP Simons, TR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tsimons@ncsu.edu NR 58 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 986 EP 999 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[986:EAOTAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 197WI UT WOS:000248586800019 ER PT J AU Pearce, JM AF Pearce, John M. TI Philopatry: A return to origins. SO AUK LA English DT Letter ID WINTER PHILOPATRY; NATAL PHILOPATRY; POPULATION; DISPERSAL; BIRDS; SITE C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jpearce@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1085 EP 1087 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1085:PARTO]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 197WI UT WOS:000248586800028 ER PT J AU van Riper, C AF van Riper, Charles, III TI In memoriam: Paul Herbert Baldwin, 1913-2006 SO AUK LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP van Riper, C (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1088 EP 1089 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1088:IMPHB]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 197WI UT WOS:000248586800029 ER PT J AU Banks, RC Chesser, RT Cicero, C Dunn, JL Kratter, AW Lovette, RJ Rasmussen, PC Remsen, JV Rising, JD Stotz, DF AF Banks, Richard C. Chesser, R. Terry Cicero, Carla Dunn, Jon L. Kratter, Andrew W. Lovette, Rby J. Rasmussen, Pamela C. Remsen, J. V., Jr. Rising, James D. Stotz, Douglas F. TI Forty-eighth supplement to the American ornithologists' union Check-List of North American Birds SO AUK LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENY; AVES; NAMES C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RR2, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. Univ Florida, Field Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ Museum, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Ramsay Wright Zool Labs, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. Field Museum Nat Hist, Environm & Conservat Programs, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Banks, RC (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC-111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM banksr@si.edu NR 37 TC 15 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1109 EP 1115 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1109:FSTTAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 197WI UT WOS:000248586800033 ER PT J AU Szykman, M Van Horn, RC Engh, AL Boydston, EE Holekamp, KE AF Szykman, Micaela Van Horn, Russell C. Engh, Anne L. Boydston, Erin E. Holekamp, Kay E. TI Courtship and mating in free-living spotted hyenas SO BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE courtship; Crocuta; mating; sexual behavior; spotted hyena ID CROCUTA-CROCUTA; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; MACACA-MULATTA; BEHAVIOR; ASSOCIATION; HYAENAS; REPRODUCTION; PATERNITY; PATTERNS; RANK AB Female spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) are larger and more aggressive than males, and their genitalia are heavily 'masculinized'. These odd traits in females pose unusual challenges for males during courtship and copulation. Here our goals were to describe and quantify the behavior patterns involved in courtship and copulation in Crocuta, and determine whether rates of affiliative behavior directed toward females by males vary with female age, social rank, or time to conception. We also inquired whether consort formation with a particular female was necessary for a male to sire that female's cubs. Behavioral observations and paternity data based on 12 microsatellite loci were collected over I I years from free-ranging hyenas in Kenya. Several of the courtship displays exhibited by male hyenas differed from those found in other carnivores, and appeared to reflect intense motivational conflict between tendencies to approach and flee from females. Most male advances were either ignored by females or elicited aggression from females toward males. Rates of male affiliative behavior toward females peaked around the time of conception. Although males behaved similarly toward young and old females in the highest social rank category, males directed more affiliative behavior toward older than younger females that were mid- and low-ranking. Multiple short mounts usually preceded a long mount, but intromission and ejaculation appeared to occur only during long mounts. Female receptivity was indicated by inhibited aggression toward the male and assumption of a distinctive receptive stance. The only behavior indicative of female proceptivity was following of the male by the female in mating contexts. Some males who sired cubs formed consortships with females whereas others did not, suggesting that individual male hyenas may adopt alternative reproductive tactics to attract and acquire mates. Our results also suggest that low fertility may be an important cost of female virilization in this species. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Zool Soc San Diego, Conservat & Res Endangered Species, San Diego, CA USA. USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Irvine, CA USA. RP Szykman, M (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM ms147@humboldt.edu RI Holekamp, Kay/G-6054-2010 NR 71 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 35 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-7959 J9 BEHAVIOUR JI Behaviour PD JUL PY 2007 VL 144 BP 815 EP 846 DI 10.1163/156853907781476418 PN 7 PG 32 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 205DT UT WOS:000249094500006 ER PT J AU McHale, MR Burns, DA Lawrence, GB Murdoch, PS AF McHale, Michael R. Burns, Douglas A. Lawrence, Gregory B. Murdoch, Peter S. TI Factors controlling soil water and stream water aluminum concentrations after a clearcut in a forested watershed with calcium-poor soils SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aluminum; Catskill Mountains; forest harvesting; nitrate; soil water; streamwater ID BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; ORGANIC-MATTER; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NEW-YORK; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; SOLUBILITY CHARACTERISTICS; INORGANIC ALUMINUM AB The 24 ha Dry Creek watershed in the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York State USA was clearcut during the winter of 1996 - 1997. The interactions among acidity, nitrate (NO3-), aluminum (Al), and calcium (Ca2+) in streamwater, soil water, and groundwater were evaluated to determine how they affected the speciation, solubility, and concentrations of Al after the harvest. Watershed soils were characterized by low base saturation, high exchangeable Al concentrations, and low exchangeable base cation concentrations prior to the harvest. Mean streamwater NO3- concentration was about 20 mu mol l(-1) for the 3 years before the harvest, increased sharply after the harvest, and peaked at 1,309 mu mol l(-1) about 5 months after the harvest. Nitrate and inorganic monomeric aluminum (Al-im) export increased by 4 - fold during the first year after the harvest. Alim mobilization is of concern because it is toxic to some fish species and can inhibit the uptake of Ca2+ by tree roots. Organic complexation appeared to control Al solubility in the O horizon while ion exchange and possibly equilibrium with imogolite appeared to control Al solubility in the B horizon. Al-im and NO3- concentrations were strongly correlated in B-horizon soil water after the clearcut (r(2) = 0.96), especially at NO3- concentrations greater than 100 mu mol l(-1). Groundwater entering the stream from perennial springs contained high concentrations of base cations and low concentrations of NO3- which mixed with acidic, high Al-im soil water and decreased the concentration of Al-im in streamwater after the harvest. Five years after the harvest soil water NO3- concentrations had dropped below preharvest levels as the demand for nitrogen by regenerating vegetation increased, but groundwater NO3- concentrations remained elevated because groundwater has a longer residence time. As a result streamwater NO3- concentrations had not fallen below preharvest levels, even during the growing season, 5 years after the harvest because of the contribution of groundwater to the stream. Streamwater NO3- and Al-im concentrations increased more than reported in previous forest harvesting studies and the recovery was slower likely because the watershed has experienced several decades of acid deposition that has depleted initially base-poor soils of exchangeable base cations and caused long-term acidification of the soil. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP McHale, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM mmchale@usgs.gov RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009 NR 82 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JUL PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 311 EP 331 DI 10.1007/s10533-007-9124-0 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 178RQ UT WOS:000247238200006 ER PT J AU Suryan, RM Dietrich, KS Melvin, EF Balogh, GR Sato, F Ozaki, K AF Suryan, Robert M. Dietrich, Kimberly S. Melvin, Edward F. Balogh, Gregory R. Sato, Fumio Ozaki, Kiyoaki TI Migratory routes of short-tailed albatrosses: Use of exclusive economic zones of North Pacific Rim countries and spatial overlap with commercial fisheries in Alaska SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Phoebastria albatrus; migration routes; fishery interaction; longlining; trawling ID WANDERING ALBATROSSES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LONGLINE FISHERIES; DIOMEDEA-EXULANS; NONBREEDING ALBATROSSES; SEABIRD MORTALITY; CONSEQUENCES; CONSERVATION; TRACKING; VESSELS AB We conducted a satellite tracking study of the endangered short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) to determine post-breeding season distribution, the amount of time spent within exclusive economic zones of Pacific Rim countries, and assess factors affecting spatial and temporal overlap with commercial fisheries in Alaska. We obtained 6709 locations for 14 albatrosses (131-808 locations and 51-138 days of tracking per bird). Albatrosses ranged widely throughout the North Pacific Rim, spending the majority of time within the exclusive economics zones of Japan, Russia (Kuril Islands and Kamchatka Peninsula), and the United States (Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, Alaska). We found evidence for gender and age-related differences in distribution and, therefore, potential interaction with regional fisheries. Overall, albatrosses spent the greatest proportion of time within the Alaska exclusive economic zone. Within Alaska, albatrosses occurred most frequently in fishery management zones that encompassed the Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, and south of the Alaska Peninsula. Short-tailed albatrosses had the greatest potential overlap with fisheries that occurred along continental shelf break and slope regions, e.g., longlining for sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), where albatrosses occurred most often. Some birds, however, also made frequent excursions onto the extensive Bering Sea shelf, suggesting significant potential for interactions with the large-scale walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) fisheries. Alaskan longline fishing fleets have been proactive in using seabird deterrent devices, however, our data further emphasize that such efforts beyond the Alaska exclusive economic zone would provide a greater conservation benefit for this species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant Program, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. Yamashina Inst Ornithol, Abiko, Chiba 27011, Japan. RP Suryan, RM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM rob.suryan@oregonstate.edu; kdiet@u.washington.edu; emelvin@u.washington.edu; greg_balogh@fws.gov; sato@yamashina.or.jp; ozaki@yamashina.or.jp NR 45 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 137 IS 3 BP 450 EP 460 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.03.015 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186JS UT WOS:000247775600013 ER PT J AU Jarnevich, CS Graham, JJ Newman, GJ Crall, AW Stohlgren, TJ AF Jarnevich, Catherine S. Graham, James J. Newman, Gregory J. Crall, Alycia W. Stohlgren, Thomas J. TI Balancing data sharing requirements for analyses with data sensitivity SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE exotic species; invasive species; sensitive data; data sharing; data synergy AB Data sensitivity can pose a formidable barrier to data sharing. Knowledge of species current distributions from data sharing is critical for the creation of watch lists and an early warning/rapid response system and for model generation for the spread of invasive species. We have created an on-line system to synthesize disparate datasets of non-native species locations that includes a mechanism to account for data sensitivity. Data contributors are able to mark their data as sensitive. This data is then 'fuzzed' in mapping applications and downloaded files to quarter-quadrangle grid cells, but the actual locations are available for analyses. We propose that this system overcomes the hurdles to data sharing posed by sensitive data. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Jarnevich, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM catherine_jarnevich@usgs.gov RI Graham, Jim/F-4195-2011; Newman, Greg/E-1540-2015 NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUL PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 597 EP 599 DI 10.1007/s10530-006-9042-4 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 178YL UT WOS:000247256200008 ER PT J AU De Angelis, S McNutt, SR AF De Angelis, Silvio McNutt, Stephen R. TI Observations of volcanic tremor during the January-February 2005 eruption of Mt. Veniaminof, Alaska SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE volcanic tremor; harmonic tremor; low-frequency events; conduit resonance; ash eruptions; Mt Veniaminof; volcanic seismology ID FLUID-DRIVEN CRACK; HARMONIC TREMOR; SOURCE MECHANISM; ARENAL VOLCANO; COSTA-RICA; EARTHQUAKES; MODELS AB Mt. Veniaminof, Alaska Peninsula, is a stratovolcano with a summit ice-filled caldera containing a small intracaldera cone and active vent. From January 2 to February 21, 2005, Mt. Veniaminof erupted. The eruption was characterized by numerous small ash emissions (VEI 0 to 1) and accompanied by low-frequency earthquake activity and volcanic tremor. We have performed spectral analyses of the seismic signals in order to characterize them and to constrain their source. Continuous tremor has durations of minutes to hours with dominant energy in the band 0.5-4.0 Hz, and spectra characterized by narrow peaks either irregularly (non-harmonic tremor) or regularly spaced (harmonic tremor). The spectra of non-harmonic tremor resemble those of low-frequency events recorded simultaneously with surface ash explosions, suggesting that the source mechanisms might be similar or related. We propose that non-harmonic tremor at Mt. Veniaminof results from the coalescence of gas bubbles while low-frequency events are related to the disruption of large gas pockets within the conduit. Harmonic tremor, characterized by regular and quasi-sinusoidal waveforms, has duration of hours. Spectra containing up to five harmonics suggest the presence of a resonating source volume that vibrates in a longitudinal acoustic mode. An interesting feature of harmonic tremor is that frequency is observed to change over time; spectral lines move towards higher or lower values while the harmonic nature of the spectra is maintained. Factors controlling the variable characteristics of harmonic tremor include changes in acoustic velocity at the source and variations of the effective size of the resonator. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP De Angelis, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, PO Box 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM silvio@mvo.ms OI De Angelis, Silvio/0000-0003-2636-3056 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 69 IS 8 BP 927 EP 940 DI 10.1007/s00445-007-0119-4 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 189PA UT WOS:000247999800006 ER PT J AU Igl, LD Johnson, DH AF Igl, Lawrence D. Johnson, Douglas H. TI Brown-headed Cowbird, Molothrus ater, Parasitism and Abundance in the Northern Great Plains SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Brown-headed Cowbird; Molothrus ater; brood parasitism; grasslands; Multiple parasitism; spatial variation; temporal variation; northern Great Plains AB The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) reaches its highest abundance in the northern Great Plains, but much of our understanding of cowbird ecology and host-parasite interactions comes from areas outside of this region. We examine cowbird brood parasitism and densities during two studies of breeding birds in the northern Great Plains during 1990-2006. We found 2649 active nests of 75 species, including 746 nonpasserine nests and 1902 passerine nests. Overall, <1% of nonpasserine nests and 25% of passerine nests were parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds. Although the overall frequency of cowbird parasitism in passerine nests in these two studies is considered moderate, the frequency of multiple parasitism among parasitized nests was heavy (nearly 50%). The mean number of cowbird eggs per parasitized passerine nest was 1.9 +/- 1.2 (SD; range = 1-8 cowbird eggs). The parasitism rates were 9.5% for passerines that typically nest in habitats characterized by woody vegetation, 16.4% for grassland-nesting passerines, 4.7% for passerines known to consistently eject cowbird eggs, and 28.2% for passerines that usually accept cowbird eggs. The Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) was the most commonly parasitized species (43.1% parasitism, 49.6% multiple parasitism, 71.2% of all cases of parasitism). Passerine nests found within areas of higher female cowbird abundance experienced higher frequencies of cowbird parasitism than those found in areas of tower female cowbird abundance. Densities of female cowbirds were positively related to densities and richness of other birds in the breeding bird community. C1 [Igl, Lawrence D.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] Univ Minnesota, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Igl, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM larry_igl@usgs.gov OI Igl, Lawrence/0000-0003-0530-7266 NR 90 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 121 IS 3 BP 239 EP 255 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V83JO UT WOS:000205635600001 ER PT J AU Reed, JA Lacroix, DL Flint, PL AF Reed, John A. Lacroix, Deborah L. Flint, Paul L. TI Depredation of Common Eider, Somateria mollissima, Nests on a Central Beaufort Sea Barrier Island: A Case Where No One Wins SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Arctic Fox; Alopex lagopus; Common Eider; Somateria mollissima; Glaucous Gull; Larus hyperboreus; nest depredation; predator-prey interaction; Beaufort Sea; Alaska AB Along the central Beaufort Sea. Pacific Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigra) nest on unvegetated, barrier islands: often near nesting Glaucous Gulls (Larus hyperboreus). Nest-site choice likely reflects a strategy of predator avoidance: nesting on islands to avoid mammalian predators and near territorial gulls to avoid other avian predators. We observed a nesting colony of Common Eiders from first nest initiation through nesting termination on Egg Island near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska (2002 - 2003). Resident gulls depreciated many eider nests, mostly during initiation. All nests failed when an Arctic Fox (Alopex lagopus) visited the island and flushed hens from their nests, exposing the eggs to depredation by the fox and gulls (resident and non-resident). Common Eiders actively defended nests from gulls, but not from foxes. Likely all three species (i.e.. eiders, gulls. and foxes) ultimately achieved negligible benefit from their nest-site selection or predatory activity: (a) island nesting provided no safety from mammalian predators for ciders or gulls. (b) for Common Eiders, nesting near gulls increased egg loss, (c) for Glaucous Gulls, nesting near colonial ciders may have reduced nest success by attracting the fox, and (d) for Arctic Foxes, the depredation was of questionable value, as most eggs were cached and probably not recoverable (due to damage from fall storms). Thus, the predator-prey interactions we observed appear to be a case where little or no fitness advantage was realized by any of the species involved. C1 [Reed, John A.; Flint, Paul L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Lacroix, Deborah L.] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V0R 1B0, Canada. RP Flint, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM paul_flint@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU Minerals Management Service; U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center. FX We thank J. Arnold, C. Crews, A. Farris, S. Iverson, D. Koontz, I Pearson, L. Skerratt, S. Sonsthagen, and S. Wallace for field assistance. Particular thanks go to R. Lanctot, K. Cairns, W. Cullor, J. Sarvis, W. Streever, and ERA Helicopters, Inc., for logistical support of this project. S. Are, A. Erskine, T. Fondell, H. Wilson, and two anomynous reviews provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Minerals Management Service and the U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 121 IS 3 BP 308 EP 312 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V83JO UT WOS:000205635600010 ER PT J AU Sheaffer, SE Malecki, RA Swift, BL Dunn, J Scribner, K AF Sheaffer, Susan E. Malecki, Richard A. Swift, Bryan L. Dunn, John Scribner, Kim TI Management Implications of Molt Migration by the Atlantic Flyway Resident Population of Canada Geese, Branta canadensis SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Branta canadensis; Canada Geese; molt migration; temperate-nesting; Resident Population; Atlantic Flyway AB We used satellite-tracked transmitters in 2001 and 2003 to document the timing, location. and extent of molt migrations by female Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) affiliated with the Atlantic Flyway Resident Population (AFRP) of Canada Geese that breed in the temperate region of eastern North America. Twenty-seven adult females were captured during the nesting period in late May and fitted with a satellite transmitter mounted either on a plastic neck collar or backpack harness. Nests of 24 birds were destroyed late in incubation to prevent renesting and ensure nest failure; three females did not have nests. Twelve of the 27 birds (44%) made a northward migration to molt in northern Quebec, Canada: seven to the eastern coast of Hudson Bay (58 degrees 12'N, 76 degrees 60'W), three to lowland areas east of James Bay (53 degrees 30'N, 79 degrees 02'W), and two to interior locations south of Ungava Bay (55 degrees 54'N, 68 degrees 24'W). Molt migrants were present in northern Quebec from June to September, a period that coincides with breeding ground aerial surveys and banding operations conducted for Atlantic Population (AP) Canada Geese that breed in this same region of northern Quebec. With >1 million AFRP geese estimated in the Atlantic Flyway, the potential exists for substantial numbers of yearling, sub-adult, and nest-failed or non-breeding adults to molt migrate to northern breeding areas and bias efforts to survey and mark AP geese. Within AFRP breeding areas, many local flocks have reached nuisance levels. We hypothesized that by inducing molt migration in breeding adults, through destruction of nests late in incubation, we would lessen recruitment, reduce numbers of summer resident adults with young, and increase adult mortality from hunting. However, molt migration behavior was not uniform throughout our study area. Molt migrants were from rural areas in New York, Pennsylvania, and Vermont, whereas marked birds that did not make molt migrations were from more coastal regions of the flyway. The 14 birds that did not make a molt migration remained within 60 km of their banding site, A genetic comparison of these two groups revealed no detectable differences. We conclude that failure to undergo a molt migration is likely attributed to the historical origin of captive-reared birds of mixed subspecies that comprise AFRP flocks in the eastern regions of the flyway and the availability of quality local habitat, distinct from brood-rearing areas, for molting. C1 [Malecki, Richard A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Swift, Bryan L.] Bur Wildlife, New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. [Dunn, John] Penn Game Commiss, Shippensburg, PA 17257 USA. [Scribner, Kim] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Sheaffer, SE (reprint author), Livingston Ripley Waterfowl Conservancy, POB 210, Litchfield, CT 06759 USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 18 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 121 IS 3 BP 313 EP 320 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V83JO UT WOS:000205635600011 ER PT J AU Benson, L Petersen, K Stein, J AF Benson, Larry Petersen, Kenneth Stein, John TI Anasazi (pre-Columbian Native-American) migrations during the middle-12th and late-13th centuries - Were they drought induced? SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; POPULATION-GROWTH; PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; AGRICULTURE; RECONSTRUCTION; TEMPERATURE; PREHISTORY AB Severe droughts in the middle-12th and late-13th centuries appear to have affected Anasazi (pre-Columbian Native American) populations. During the first drought most of the great houses in the central San Juan Basin were vacated; the second drought resulted in the abandonment of the Four Corners region. During the first drought, villages may not have been completely abandoned. The multi-year drought periods probably were characterized by reductions in both winter and summer precipitation. Maize is dependent on winter precipitation for its germination and initial growth and on summer (monsoonal) precipitation for its continued growth. Reductions in precipitation are hypothesized to have resulted in low yields of maize, the dietary staple of the Anasazi. A comparison of historic climate data and tree-ring-based reconstructions of precipitation in the Four Corners region with tree-ring-based reconstructions of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) indicate that severe and persistent drought in the Four Corners region occurs when the PDO is negative and the AMO is positive. Historic climate data from the greater San Juan Basin indicate that a negative PDO is characterized by reductions in both water-year and summer precipitation, reinforcing the concept that at least some multi-year droughts involved weakening of the summer monsoon with attendant decreases in the yields of maize. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Navajo Nat Hist Preservat, Window Rock, AZ 86515 USA. RP Benson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbenson@usgs.gov NR 72 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUL PY 2007 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 187 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s10584-006-9065-y PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160UF UT WOS:000245967100010 ER PT J AU Griffin, DW AF Griffin, Dale W. TI Atmospheric movement of microorganisms in clouds of desert dust and implications for human health SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID GULF-WAR SYNDROME; MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; AMBULATORY PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS; AIRBORNE FUNGAL SPORES; ASIAN DUST; SAHARAN DUST; SAUDI-ARABIA; PARTICULATE MATTER; ATACAMA DESERT C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Griffin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2010 Levy Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM dgriffin@usgs.gov NR 265 TC 234 Z9 243 U1 8 U2 48 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 20 IS 3 BP 459 EP 477 DI 10.1128/CMR.00039-06 PG 19 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 193IT UT WOS:000248268400005 PM 17630335 ER PT J AU Kalkhan, MA Stafford, EJ Stohlgren, TJ AF Kalkhan, Mohammed A. Stafford, Evan J. Stohlgren, Thomas J. TI Rapid plant diversity assessment using a pixel nested plot design: A case study in Beaver Meadows, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE geospatial information; landscape assessment; multiscale field sampling; pixel nested plot design; modified Whittaker nested plot design; plant diversity; species overlap; species richness ID SPECIES RICHNESS; FREQUENCY PLOTS; PATTERNS; SENSITIVITY; LANDSCAPE; INVASIONS; WETLANDS AB Geospatial statistical modelling and thematic maps have recently emerged as effective tools for the management of natural areas at the landscape scale. Traditional methods for the collection of field data pertaining to questions of landscape were developed without consideration for the parameters of these applications. We introduce an alternative field sampling design based on smaller unbiased random plot and subplot locations called the pixel nested plot (PNP). We demonstrate the applicability of the PNP design of 15 m x 15 m to assess patterns of plant diversity and species richness across the landscape at Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado, USA in a time (cost)-efficient manner for field data collection. Our results produced comparable results to a previous study in the Beaver Meadow study (BMS) area within RMNP, where there was a demonstrated focus of plant diversity. Our study used the smaller PNP sampling design for field data collection which could be linked to geospatial information data and could be used for landscape-scale analyses and assessment applications. In 2003, we established 61 PNP in the eastern region of RMNP. We present a comparison between this approach using a sub-sample of 19 PNP from this data set and 20 of Modified Whittaker nested plots (MWNP) of 20 m x 50 m that were collected in the BMS area. The PNP captured 266 unique plant species while the MWNP captured 275 unique species. Based on a comparison of PNP and MWNP in the Beaver Meadows area, RMNP, the PNP required less time and area sampled to achieve a similar number of species sampled. Using the PNP approach for data collection can facilitate the ecological monitoring of these vulnerable areas at the landscape scale in a time- and therefore cost-effective manner. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kalkhan, MA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mohammed@nrel.colostate.edu NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00333.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179BA UT WOS:000247263100003 ER PT J AU Syphard, AD Radeloff, VC Keeley, JE Hawbaker, TJ Clayton, MK Stewart, SI Hammer, RB AF Syphard, Alexandra D. Radeloff, Volker C. Keeley, Jon E. Hawbaker, Todd J. Clayton, Murray K. Stewart, Susan I. Hammer, Roger B. TI Human influence on California fire regimes SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE California; USA; fire; fire history; housing density; nonlinear effects; regression; wildland-urban interface ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RISK; LANDSCAPE; USA; ECOSYSTEMS; STRATEGIES AB Periodic wildfire maintains the integrity and species composition of many ecosystems, including the mediterranean-climate shrublands of California. However, human activities alter natural fire regimes, which can lead to cascading ecological effects. Increased human ignitions at the wildland-urban interface (WUI) have recently gained attention, but fire activity and risk are typically estimated using only biophysical variables. Our goal was to determine how humans influence fire in California and to examine whether this influence was linear, by relating contemporary (2000) and historic (1960-2000) fire data to both human and biophysical variables. Data for the human variables included fine-resolution maps of the WUI produced using housing density and land cover data. Interface WUI, where development abuts wildland vegetation, was differentiated from intermix WUI, where development intermingles with wildland vegetation. Additional explanatory variables included distance to WUI, population density, road density, vegetation type, and ecoregion. All data were summarized at the county level and analyzed using bivariate and multiple regression methods. We found highly significant relationships between humans and fire on the contemporary landscape, and our models explained fire frequency (R-2 = 0.72) better than area burned (R-2 = 0.50). Population density, intermix WUI, and distance to WUI explained the most variability in fire frequency, suggesting that the spatial pattern of development may be an important variable to consider when estimating fire risk. We found nonlinear effects such that fire frequency and area burned were highest at intermediate levels of human activity, but declined beyond certain thresholds. Human activities also explained change in fire frequency and area burned (1960 2000), but our models had greater explanatory power during the years 1960-980, when there was more dramatic change in fire frequency. Understanding wildfire as a function of the spatial arrangement of ignitions and fuels on the landscape, in addition to nonlinear relationships, will be important to fire managers and conservation planners because fire risk may be related to specific levels of housing density that can be accounted for in land use planning. With more fires occurring in close proximity to human infrastructure, there may also be devastating ecological impacts if development continues to grow farther into wildland vegetation. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol & Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Sociol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Syphard, AD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM asyphard@yahoo.com RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X NR 65 TC 224 Z9 231 U1 10 U2 90 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1388 EP 1402 DI 10.1890/06-1128.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 193HS UT WOS:000248265700011 PM 17708216 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Corn, PS AF Hossack, Blake R. Corn, Paul Stephen TI Responses of pond-breeding amphibians to wildfire: Short-term patterns in occupancy and colonization SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma macrodactylum; amphibians; Bufo boreas; colonization; conservation; detection; extinction; fire; occupancy; population dynamics; Rana luteiventris ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FUEL-REDUCTION; RANA-SYLVATICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; FIRE REGIMES; LANDSCAPE; FORESTS AB Wildland fires are expected to become more frequent and severe in many ecosystems, potentially posing a threat to many sensitive species. We evaluated the effects of a large, stand-replacement wildfire on three species of pond-breeding amphibians by estimating changes in occupancy of breeding sites during the three years before and after the fire burned 42 of 83 previously surveyed wetlands. Annual occupancy and colonization for each species was estimated using recently developed models that incorporate detection probabilities to provide unbiased parameter estimates. We did not find negative effects of the fire on the occupancy or colonization rates of the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum). Instead, its occupancy was higher across the study area after the fire, possibly in response to a large snowpack that may have facilitated colonization of unoccupied wetlands. Naive data (uncorrected for detection probability) for the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) initially led to the conclusion of increased occupancy and colonization in wetlands that burned. After accounting for temporal and spatial variation in detection probabilities, however, it was evident that these parameters were relatively stable in both areas before and after the fire. We found a similar discrepancy between naive and estimated occupancy of A. macrodactylum that resulted from different detection probabilities in burned and control wetlands. The boreal toad (Bufo boreas) was not found breeding in the area prior to the fire but colonized several wetlands the year after they burned. Occupancy by B. boreas then declined during years 2 and 3 following the fire. Our study suggests that the amphibian populations we studied are resistant to wildfire and that B. boreas may experience short-term benefits from wildfire. Our data also illustrate how naive presence-non-detection data can provide misleading results. C1 US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1403 EP 1410 DI 10.1890/06-2037.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 193HS UT WOS:000248265700012 PM 17708217 ER PT J AU Buler, JJ Moore, FR Woltmann, S AF Buler, Jeffrey J. Moore, Frank R. Woltmann, Stefan TI A multi-scale examination of stopover habitat use by birds SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian migration; bottomland hardwood forest; food availability; habitat selection; habitat use; landscape composition; migratory land birds; norlheru Gulf of Mexico; spatial scale; stopover ID PASSERINE MIGRANTS; SPRING MIGRATION; BREEDING BIRDS; SPATIAL SCALE; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; LANDSCAPE; FRAGMENTATION; FOREST; SELECTION; PREDATION AB Most of our understanding of habitat use by migrating land birds comes from studies conducted at single, small spatial scales, which may overemphasize the importance of intrinsic habitat factors, such as food availability, in shaping migrant distributions. We believe that a multi-scale approach is essential to assess the influence of factors that control en route habitat use. We determined the relative importance of eight variables, each operating at a habitat-patch, landscape, or regional spatial scale, in explaining the differential use of hardwood forests by Nearctic-Neotropical land birds during migration. We estimated bird densities through transect surveys at sites near the Mississippi coast during spring and autumn migration within landscapes with variable amounts of hardwood forest cover. At a regional scale, migrant density increased with proximity to the coast, which was of moderate importance in explaining bird densities, probably due to constraints imposed on migrants when negotiating the Gulf of Mexico. The amount of hardwood forest cover at a landscape scale was positively correlated with arthropod abundance and had the greatest importance in explaining densities of all migrants, as a group, during spring, and of insectivorous migrants during autumn. Among landscape scales ranging from 500 in to 10 km radius, the densities of migrants were, on average, most strongly and positively related to the amount of hardwood forest cover within a 5 km radius. We suggest that hardwood forest cover at this scale may be an indicator of habitat quality that migrants use as a cue when landing at the end of a migratory flight. At the patch scale, direct measures of arthropod abundance and plant community composition were also important in explaining migrant densities, whereas habitat structure was of little importance. The relative amount of fleshy-fruited trees was positively related and was the most important variable explaining frugivorous migrant density during autumn. Although constraints extrinsic to habitat had a moderate role in explaining migrant distributions, our results are consistent with the view that food availability is the ultimate factor shaping the distributions of birds during stopover. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Buler, JJ (reprint author), USGS, IAP World Serv Inc, Natl Wetland Res Ctr, 147 S Riding Blvd, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA. EM Jeffrey.J.Buler@iapws.com OI Buler, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2696-847X NR 93 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 50 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 88 IS 7 BP 1789 EP 1802 DI 10.1890/06-1871.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 185SN UT WOS:000247730800019 PM 17645025 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Kery, M AF Royle, J. Andrew Kery, Marc TI A Bayesian state-space formulation of dynamic occupancy models SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; detection probability; heterogeneity; hierarchical models; presence/absence data; range dynamics; site occupancy; state-space models; turnover; WinBUGS ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; ESTIMATING SPECIES RICHNESS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; LOCAL EXTINCTION; AVIAN ABUNDANCE; MIXTURE-MODELS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; MONITORING-PROGRAM; CERULEAN WARBLERS; BIRD COMMUNITIES AB Species occurrence and its dynamic components, extinction and colonization probabilities, are focal quantities in biogeography and metapopulation biology, and for species conservation assessments. It has been increasingly appreciated that these parameters must be estimated separately from detection probability to avoid the biases induced by nondetection error. Hence, there is now considerable theoretical and practical interest in dynamic occupancy models that contain explicit representations of metapopulation dynamics such as extinction, colonization, and turnover as well as growth rates. We describe a hierarchical parameterization of these models that is analogous to the state-space formulation of models in time series, where the model is represented by two components, one for the partially observable occupancy process and another for the observations conditional on that process. This parameterization naturally allows estimation of all parameters of the conventional approach to occupancy models, but in addition, yields great flexibility and extensibility, e.g., to modeling heterogeneity or latent structure in model parameters. We also highlight the important distinction between population and finite sample inference; the latter yields much more precise estimates for the particular sample at hand. Finite sample estimates can easily be obtained using the state-space representation of the model but are difficult to obtain under the conventional approach of likelihood-based estimation. We use R and Win BUGS to apply the model to two examples. In a standard analysis for the European Crossbill in a large Swiss monitoring program, we fit a model with year-specific parameters. Estimates of the dynamic parameters varied greatly among years, highlighting the irruptive population dynamics of that species. In the second example, we analyze route occupancy of Cerulean Warblers in the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) using a model allowing for site-specific heterogeneity in model parameters. The results indicate relatively low turnover and a stable distribution of Cerulean Warblers which is in contrast to analyses of counts of individuals from the same survey that indicate important declines. This discrepancy illustrates the inertia in occupancy relative to actual abundance. Furthermore, the model reveals a declining patch survival probability, and increasing turnover, toward the edge of the range of the species, which is consistent with metapopulation perspectives on the genesis of range edges. Given detection/non-detection data, dynamic occupancy models as described here have considerable potential for the study of distributions and range dynamics. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 60 TC 142 Z9 145 U1 11 U2 112 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 88 IS 7 BP 1813 EP 1823 DI 10.1890/06-0669.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 185SN UT WOS:000247730800021 PM 17645027 ER PT J AU Clark, CM Cleland, EE Collins, SL Fargione, JE Gough, L Gross, KL Pennings, SC Suding, KN Grace, JB AF Clark, Chris M. Cleland, Elsa E. Collins, Scott L. Fargione, Joseph E. Gough, Laura Gross, Katherine L. Pennings, Steven C. Suding, Katherine N. Grace, James B. TI Environmental and plant community determinants of species loss following nitrogen enrichment SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biogeochemistry; functional traits; meta-analysis; nitrogen; SEM; species loss ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN; N-DEPOSITION; CALCAREOUS GRASSLANDS; ECOLOGICAL QUESTIONS; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; CALLUNA-VULGARIS; CHALK GRASSLAND; DIVERSITY; SOIL; PRODUCTIVITY AB Global energy use and food production have increased nitrogen inputs to ecosystems worldwide, impacting plant community diversity, composition, and function. Previous studies show considerable variation across terrestrial herbaceous ecosystems in the magnitude of species loss following nitrogen (N) enrichment. What controls this variation remains unknown. We present results from 23 N-addition experiments across North America, representing a range of climatic, soil and plant community properties, to determine conditions that lead to greater diversity decline. Species loss in these communities ranged from 0 to 65% of control richness. Using hierarchical structural equation modelling, we found greater species loss in communities with a lower soil cation exchange capacity, colder regional temperature, and larger production increase following N addition, independent of initial species richness, plant productivity, and the relative abundance of most plant functional groups. Our results indicate sensitivity to N addition is co-determined by environmental conditions and production responsiveness, which overwhelm the effects of initial community structure and composition. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Michigan State Univ, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Clark, CM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM clark134@umn.edu RI Pennings, Steven/A-8326-2013; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014 OI Pennings, Steven/0000-0003-4757-7125; Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892 NR 67 TC 137 Z9 148 U1 20 U2 166 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 10 IS 7 BP 596 EP 607 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01053.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 176ZR UT WOS:000247123900006 PM 17542938 ER PT J AU Erickson, DL Webb, MAH AF Erickson, Daniel L. Webb, Molly A. H. TI Spawning periodicity, spawning migration, and size at maturity of green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, in the Rogue River, Oregon SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE telemetry; size limit; flow; temperature; spawning interval; fidelity ID ADULT ATLANTIC STURGEON; OF-MEXICO STURGEON; BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS; SHORTNOSE STURGEONS; SACRAMENTO RIVER; HABITAT USE; MOVEMENTS; OXYRINCHUS; MANAGEMENT; CAROLINA AB The Rogue River, Oregon represents one of three important spawning systems for green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, in North America. In this paper we describe the spawning migration, spawning periodicity, and size at maturity for green sturgeon caught in the Rogue River during 2000-2004. Green sturgeon were caught by gill net or angling; 103 individuals were tagged with radio or sonic transmitters (externally or internally). Green sturgeon caught by gill net and angling ranged from 145 cm to 225 cm total length. Histological and visual examinations of gonad tissues indicated that most green sturgeon were spawning or post-spawning adults that entered the Rogue River to spawn. Ripe individuals were caught when water temperature was 1018 degrees C. Specimens carrying transmitters migrated 17-105 km up river; reaches consisting of likely spawning sites were identified based on sturgeon migratory behavior. Most green sturgeon remained in the Rogue River until late fall or early winter when flows increased, after which they returned to the ocean. Eight green sturgeon (males and females) returned to the Rogue River 2-4 years after leaving, entering the river during March, April, and May when water temperatures ranged from 9 degrees C to 16 degrees C. None of the 103-tagged individuals entered the Rogue River during successive years. There appear to be few known natural threats to adult green sturgeon in the Rogue River. However, our data suggest that a high percentage of adults that spawn in the Rogue River (particularly males) were susceptible to harvest by commercial, Tribal, and sport fisheries after leaving the system because they were not adequately protected by maximum size limits during the period of this study. The implications of maximum size limits (or lack of size limits) to green sturgeon are discussed, and recent actions taken by Oregon and Washington Fish and Wildlife Commissions to manage green sturgeon more conservatively are presented. C1 Wildlife Conservat Soc, Marine Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Erickson, DL (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Marine Program, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. EM dle@efn.org NR 34 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 79 IS 3-4 BP 255 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9072-x PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200IO UT WOS:000248757300007 ER PT J AU Brown, K AF Brown, Kurtis TI Evidence of spawning by green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, in the upper Sacramento River, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE artificial substrates; larval nets; rotary-screw traps; migration; Red Bluff Diversion Dam AB This study reports the only direct evidence of spawning of green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, in the upper Sacramento River, CA. Two green sturgeon eggs were collected with substrate mats immediately below Red Bluff Diversion Dam. One green sturgeon larva was collected with a larval net at Bend Bridge. We concluded that green sturgeon spawn in the upper Sacramento River, both above and below RBDD. Temperature ranges in the study area (10-15 degrees C) are similar to conditions used in successful artificial rearing of green sturgeon and do not appear to be a limiting factor to successful spawning of green sturgeon; however, suitable habitat upstream of RBDD is inaccessible when dam gates are lowered. C1 Red Bluff Fish & Wildlife, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA. RP Brown, K (reprint author), Red Bluff Fish & Wildlife, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 10950 Tyler Rd, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA. EM Kurtis_Brown@fws.gov NR 13 TC 11 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 79 IS 3-4 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9085-5 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200IO UT WOS:000248757300010 ER PT J AU Adams, PB Grimes, C Hightower, JE Lindley, ST Moser, ML Parsley, MJ AF Adams, Peter B. Grimes, Churchill Hightower, Joseph E. Lindley, Steven T. Moser, Mary L. Parsley, Michael J. TI Population status of North American green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE green sturgeon; population status; Endangered Species Act; distinct population segment ID CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; PADDLEFISH; INVASION AB North American green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, was petitioned for listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The two questions that need to be answered when considering an ESA listing are; (1) Is the entity a species under the ESA and if so (2) is the "species" in danger of extinction or likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range? Green sturgeon genetic analyses showed strong differentiation between northern and southern populations, and therefore, the species was divided into Northern and Southern Distinct Population Segments (DPSs). The Northern DPS includes populations in the Rogue, Klamath-Trinity, and Eel rivers, while the Southern DPS only includes a single population in the Sacramento River. The principal risk factors for green sturgeon include loss of spawning habitat, harvest, and entrainment. The Northern DPS is not considered to be in danger of extinction or likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future. The loss of spawning habitat is not large enough to threaten this DPS, although the Eel River has been severely impacted by sedimentation due to poor land use practices and floods. The two main spawning populations in the Rogue and Klamath-Trinity rivers occupy separate basins reducing the potential for loss of the DPS through catastrophic events. Harvest has been substantially reduced and green sturgeon in this DPS do not face substantial entrainment loss. However there are significant concerns due to lack of information, flow and temperature issues, and habitat degradation. The Southern DPS is considered likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future. Green sturgeon in this DPS are concentrated into one spawning area outside of their natural habitat in the Sacramento River, making them vulnerable to catastrophic extinction. Green sturgeon spawning areas have been lost from the area above Shasta Dam on the Sacramento River and Oroville Dam on the Feather River. Entrainment of individuals into water diversion projects is an additional source of risk, and the large decline in numbers of green sturgeon entrained since 1986 causes additional concern. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Santa Cruz, CA USA. N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Raleigh, NC USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Washington, DC USA. Columbia River Res Lab, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, USGS, Washington, DC USA. RP Adams, PB (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM Pete.Adams@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 79 IS 3-4 BP 339 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9062-z PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200IO UT WOS:000248757300013 ER PT J AU LaMotte, AE Greene, EA AF LaMotte, A. E. Greene, E. A. TI Spatial analysis of land use and shallow groundwater vulnerability in the watershed adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland and Virginia, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater; geostatistics; spatial statistics; logistic regression; probability kriging ID AQUIFER SUSCEPTIBILITY; NITRATE; QUALITY AB Spatial relations between land use and groundwater quality in the watershed adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland and Virginia, USA were analyzed by the use of two spatial models. One model used a logit analysis and the other was based on geostatistics. The models were developed and compared on the basis of existing concentrations of nitrate as nitrogen in samples from 529 domestic wells. The models were applied to produce spatial probability maps that show areas in the watershed where concentrations of nitrate in groundwater are likely to exceed a predetermined management threshold value. Maps of the watershed generated by logistic regression and probability kriging analysis showing where the probability of nitrate concentrations would exceed 3 mg/L (> 0.50) compared favorably. Logistic regression was less dependent on the spatial distribution of sampled wells, and identified an additional high probability area within the watershed that was missed by probability kriging. The spatial probability maps could be used to determine the natural or anthropogenic factors that best explain the occurrence and distribution of elevated concentrations of nitrate (or other constituents) in shallow groundwater. This information can be used by local land-use planners, ecologists, and managers to protect water supplies and identify land-use planning solutions and monitoring programs in vulnerable areas. C1 US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP LaMotte, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8987 Yellow Brick Rd, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. EM alamotte@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 52 IS 7 BP 1413 EP 1421 DI 10.1007/s00254-006-0583-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 178ZC UT WOS:000247258000016 ER PT J AU Glenn, EP Flessa, KW Cohen, MJ Nagler, PL Rowell, K Zamora-Arroyo, F AF Glenn, Edward P. Flessa, Karl W. Cohen, Michael J. Nagler, Pamela L. Rowell, Kirsten Zamora-Arroyo, Francisco TI Just add water and the Colorado River still reaches the sea SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Gulf of California; Laguna Salada; Colorado River estuary; tidal mixing ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; DELTA; MEXICO; CONSERVATION; DISCHARGE AB A recent article in Environmental Management by All argued that flood flows in North America's Colorado River do not reach the Gulf of California because they are captured and evaporated in Laguna Salada, a below sea-level lakebed near the mouth of the river. We refute this hypothesis by showing that (1) due to its limited area, the Laguna Salada could have evaporated less than 10% of the flood flows that have occurred since 1989; (2) low flow volumes preferentially flow to the Gulf rather than Laguna Salada; (3) All's method for detecting water surface area in the Laguna Salada appears to be flawed because Landsat Thematic Mapper images of the lakebed show it to be dry when All's analyses said it was flooded; (4) direct measurements of salinity at the mouth of the river and in the Upper Gulf of California during flood flows in 1993 and 1998 confirm that flood waters reach the sea; and (5) stable oxygen isotope signatures in clam shells and fish otoliths recorded the dilution of seawater with fresh water during the 1993 and 1998 flows. Furthermore, All's conclusion that freshwater flows do not benefit the ecology of the marine zone is incorrect because the peer-reviewed literature shows that postlarval larval shrimp populations increase during floods, and the subsequent year's shrimp harvest increases. Furthermore, freshwater flows increase the nursery area for Gulf corvina (Cynoscion othonopterus), an important commercial fish that requires estuarine habitats with salinities in the range of 26-38 parts per thousand during its natal stages. Although flood flows are now much diminished compared to the pre-dam era, they are still important to the remnant wetland and riparian habitats of the Colorado River delta and to organisms in the intertidal and marine zone. Only a small fraction of the flood flows are evaporated in Laguna Salada. C1 Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Pacific Inst, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sonoran Inst, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA. RP Glenn, EP (reprint author), Environm Res Lab, 2601 E Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM eglenn@ag.arizona.edu NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s00267-006-0070-8 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180CR UT WOS:000247338100001 PM 17546520 ER PT J AU Goldstein, RM Carlisle, DM Meador, MR Short, TM AF Goldstein, Robert M. Carlisle, Daren M. Meador, Michael R. Short, Terry M. TI Can basin land use effects on physical characteristics of streams be determined at broad geographic scales? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE geomorphology; habitat; land use; land cover; Riparian conditions; rivers; streams; spatial scale ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; WATER-QUALITY; NORTHERN LAKES; HABITAT; RIVER; MACROINVERTEBRATES; ECOREGION AB The environmental setting (e.g., climate, topography, geology) and land use affect stream physical characteristics singly and cumulatively. At broad geographic scales, we determined the importance of environmental setting and land use in explaining variation in stream physical characteristics. We hypothesized that as the spatial scale decreased from national to regional, land use would explain more of the variation in stream physical characteristics because environmental settings become more homogeneous. At a national scale, stepwise linear regression indicated that environmental setting was more important in explaining variability in stream physical characteristics. Although statistically discernible, the amount of variation explained by land use was not remarkable due to low partial correlations. At level II ecoregion spatial scales (southeastern USA plains, central USA plains, and a combination of the western Cordillera and the western interior basins and ranges), environmental setting variables were again more important predictors of stream physical characteristics, however, as the spatial scale decreased from national to regional, the portion of variability in stream physical characteristics explained by basin land use increased. Development of stream habitat indicators of land use will depend upon an understanding of relations between stream physical characteristics and environmental factors at multiple spatial scales. Smaller spatial scales will be necessary to reduce the confounding effects of variable environmental settings before the effects of land use can be reliably assessed. C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Goldstein, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM goldstei@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 130 IS 1-3 BP 495 EP 510 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9439-7 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 171JR UT WOS:000246732600044 PM 17106774 ER PT J AU Buscemi, DM Hoffman, DJ Vyas, NB Spann, JW Kuenzel, WJ AF Buscemi, D. M. Hoffman, D. J. Vyas, N. B. Spann, J. W. Kuenzel, W. J. TI Effects of Phos-Chek (R) G75-F and Silv-Ex (R) on red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) embryos SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE red-winged blackbird; Agelaius phoeniceus; wildfire control chemicals; Phos-Chek (R); Silv-Ex (R); embryotoxicity ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; ACUTE TOXICITY; FIRE-RETARDANT; FORMULATIONS; CHEMICALS; BOBWHITE AB Effects of field application levels of wildfire control chemicals, Phos-Chek (R) G75-F (PC) and Silv-Exe (R) (SE), were examined on red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) embryos. Embryos were more sensitive to PC and SE when eggs were immersed for 10 s at an early developmental stage (days 3-5 of incubation) than at a later stage (days 6-9 of incubation). The LC50 (concentration causing 50% mortality) for early stage embryos exposed to PC was 213.3 g/L (slope = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 129.1-326.1). The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was below 135 g PC/L, which caused a significant increase in embryonic mortality and represents the lowest field coverage level of I gal/100 feet(2). The LC50 for early stage embryos exposed to SE was 19.8 g[L (slope = 1.5; 95% Cl = 11.7-52.2). Significant mortality was observed at 10 g SE/L and marginal at 7.5 g SE/L with an apparent NOEC around 5 g SE/L. Neither chemical resulted in apparent developmental malformations. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Buscemi, DM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM david_hoffman@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 148 IS 1 BP 312 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.015 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174YN UT WOS:000246978900034 PM 17223235 ER PT J AU Little, EE Calfee, RD Theodorakos, P Brown, ZA Johnson, CA AF Little, Edward E. Calfee, Robin D. Theodorakos, Peter Brown, Zoe Ann Johnson, Craig A. TI Toxicity of cobalt-complexed cyanide to Oncorhynchus mykiss, Daphnia magna, and Ceriodaphnia dubia - Potentiation by ultraviolet radiation and attenuation by dissolved organic carbon and adaptive UV tolerance SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aquatic organisms; Ceriodapbnia dubia; cyanocobalt; Daphnia magna; Oncorhynchus mykiss; organic carbon; radiation; rainbow trout; toxicity; ultraviolet radiation; UV tolerance ID SPECIATION; FATE AB Background. Cobalt cyanide complexes often result when ore is treated with cyanide solutions to extract gold and other metals. These have recently been discovered in low but significant concentrations in effluents from gold leach operations. This study was conducted to determine the potential toxicity of cobalt-cyanide complexes to freshwater organisms and the extent to which ultraviolet radiation (UV) potentiates this toxicity. Tests were also conducted to determine if humic acids or if adaptation to UV influenced sensitivity to the cyanide complexes. Methods. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Daphnia magna, and Ceriodaphnia dubia were exposed to potassium hexacyanocobaltate in the presence and absence of UV radiation, in the presence and absence of humic acids. Cyano-cobalt exposures were also conducted with C. dubia from cultures adapted to elevated UV. Results. With an LC50 concentration of 0.38 mg/L, cyanocobalt was over a 1000 times more toxic to rainbow trout in the presence of UV at a low, environmentally relevant irradiance level (4 mu W/cm(2) as UVB) than exposure to this compound in the absence of UV with an LC50 of 112.9 mg/L. Toxicity was immediately apparent, with mortality occurring within an hour of the onset of exposure at the highest concentration. Fish were unaffected by exposure to UV alone. Weak-acid dissociable cyanide concentrations were observed in irradiated aqueous solutions of cyanocobaltate within hours of UV exposure and persisted in the presence of UV for at least 96 hours, whereas negligible concentrations were observed in the absence of UV. The presence of humic acids significantly diminished cyanocobalt toxicity to D. magna and reduced mortality from UV exposure. Humic acids did not significantly influence survival among C. dubia. C. dubia from UV-adapted populations were less sensitive to metallocyanide compounds than organisms from unadapted populations. Conclusions. The results indicate that metallocyanide complexes may pose a hazard to aquatic life through photochemically induced processes. Factors that decrease UV exposure such as dissolved organic carbon or increased pigmentation would diminish toxicity. C1 USGS, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Little, EE (reprint author), USGS, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM elittle@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 19 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.1065/espr2007.03.400 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 193KQ UT WOS:000248273300008 PM 17722768 ER PT J AU Rao, B Anderson, TA Orris, GJ Rainwater, KA Rajagopalan, S Sandvig, RM Scanlon, BR Stonestrom, DA Walvoord, MA Jackson, WA AF Rao, Balaji Anderson, Todd A. Orris, Greta J. Rainwater, Ken A. Rajagopalan, Srinath Sandvig, Renee M. Scanlon, Bridget R. Stonestrom, David A. Walvoord, Michelle A. Jackson, W. Andrew TI Widespread natural perchlorate in unsaturated zones of the southwest United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PLAINS; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; EOLIAN SEDIMENTATION; DESERT SOILS; NEW-MEXICO; NITRATE; QUATERNARY; BENEATH; ORIGIN; CHILE AB A substantial reservoir (up to 1 kg ha(-1)) of natural perchlorate is present in diverse unsaturated zones of the arid and semi-arid southwestern United States. The perchlorate co-occurs with meteoric chloride that has accumulated in these soils throughout the Holocene [0 to 10-15 ka (thousand years ago)] and possibly longer periods. Previously, natural perchlorate widely believed to be limited to the Atacama Desert, now appears widespread in steppe-to-desert ecoregions. The perchlorate reservoir becomes sufficiently large to affect groundwater when recharge from irrigation or climate change flushes accumulated salts from the unsaturated zone. This new source may help explain increasing reports of perchlorate in dry region agricultural products and should be considered when evaluating overall source contributions. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Colorado Springs, CO 80225 USA. RP Jackson, WA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM andrew.jackson@ttu.edu RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009; Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011; Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385; Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199 NR 35 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4522 EP 4528 DI 10.1021/es062853i PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186MJ UT WOS:000247782500015 PM 17695891 ER PT J AU Arai, Y Marcus, MK Tamura, N Davis, JA Zachara, JM AF Arai, Yuji Marcus, M. K. Tamura, N. Davis, J. A. Zachara, J. M. TI Spectroscopic evidence for uranium bearing precipitates in vadose zone sediments at the Hanford 300-area site SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URANYL INCORPORATION; NATURAL CALCITE; WATER INTERFACE; U(VI); COMPLEXATION; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION; SORPTION; XAFS; MONTMORILLONITE AB Uranium (U) solid-state speciation in vadose zone sediments collected beneath the former North Process Pond (NPP) in the 300 Aroa of the Hanford site (Washington) was investigated using multi-scale techniques. In 30 day batch experiments, only a small fraction of total U (similar to 7.4%) was released to artificial groundwater solutions equilibrated with 1% PCO2- Synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analyses showed that U was distributed among at least two types of species: (i) U discrete grains associated with Cu and (ii) areas with intermediate U concentrations on grains and grain coatings. Metatorbernite (CU[UO2](2)[PO4](2 center dot)8H(2)O) and uranophane (Ca[UO2](2)[SiO3(OH)](2 center dot) 5H(2)O) at some U discrete grains, and muscovite at U intermediate concentration areas, were identified in synchrotron-based micro-X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analyses revealed 8-10 mu m size metatorbemite particles that were embedded in C-, Al-, and Si-rich coatings on quartz and albite grains. In mu- and bulk-X-ray absorption structure (mu-XAS and XAS) spectroscopy analyses, the structure of metatorbernite with addi-ional U-C and U-U coordination environments was consistently observed at U discrete grains with high U concentrations. The consistency of the mu- and bulk-XAS analyses suggests that metatorbernite may comprise a significant fraction of the total U in the sample. The entrapped, micrometer-sized metatorbernite particles in C-, Al-, and Si-rich coatings, along with the more soluble precipitated uranyl carbonates and uranophane, likely control the long-term release of U to water associated with the vadose zone sediments. C1 Clemson Univ, Poole Agr Ctr 270, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Water Resource Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94325 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Arai, Y (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Poole Agr Ctr 270, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM yarai@clemson.edu NR 29 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4633 EP 4639 DI 10.1021/es062196u PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186MJ UT WOS:000247782500032 PM 17695908 ER PT J AU Buchwalter, DB Cain, DJ Clements, WH Lucima, SN AF Buchwalter, D. B. Cain, D. J. Clements, W. H. Lucima, S. N. TI Using biodynammic models to reconcile differences between laboratory toxicity tests and field biomonitoring with aquatic insects SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METALS; CADMIUM; MACROINVERTEBRATES; CONTAMINATION; COMMUNITIES; SENSITIVITY; ORGANISMS; RESPONSES; COLORADO; BINDING AB Aquatic insects often dominate lotic ecosystems, yet these organisms are under- represented in trace metal toxicity databases. Furthermore, toxicity data for aquatic insects do not appear tc reflect their actual sensitivities to metals in nature, because the concentrations required to elicit toxicity in the laboratory are considerably higher than those found to impact insect communities in the field. New approaches are therefore needed to better understand how and why insects are differentially susceptible to metal exposures. Biodynamic modeling is a powerful tool for understanding interspecific differences in trace metal bioaccumulation. Because bioaccumulation alone does not necessarily correlate with toxicity, we combined biokinetic parameters associated with dissolved cadmium exposures with studies cf the subcellular compartmentalization of accumulated Cd. This combination of physiological traits allowed us to make predictions of susceptibility differences to dissolved Cd in three aquatic insect taxa: Ephemerella excrucians, Rhithrogena morrisoni, and Rhyacophila sp. We compared these predictions with longterm field monitoring da1a and toxicity tests with closely related taxa: Ephemerella infrequens, Rhithrogena hageni, and Rhyacophila brunea. Kinetic parameters allowed us to estimate steady-state concentrations, the time required to reach steady state, arid the concentrations of Cd projected to be in potontially toxic compartments for different species. Species-specific physiological traits identified using biodynamic models provided a means for better understanding why toxicity assays with insects have failed to provide meaningful estimates for metal concentrations that would be expected to be protective in nature. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Buchwalter, DB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM david_buchwalter@ncsu.edu RI Clements, William/N-2686-2016 NR 35 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4821 EP 4828 DI 10.1021/es070464y PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186MJ UT WOS:000247782500059 PM 17695935 ER PT J AU Strause, KD Zwiernik, MJ Im, SH Newsted, JL Kay, DP Bradley, PW Blankenship, AL Williams, LL Giesy, JP AF Strause, Karl D. Zwiernik, Matthew J. Im, Sook Hyeon Newsted, John L. Kay, Denise P. Bradley, Patrick W. Blankenship, Alan L. Williams, Lisa L. Giesy, John P. TI Plasma to egg conversion factor for evaluating polychlorinated biphenyl and DDT exposures in great horned owls and bald eagles SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE raptors; polychlorinated biphenyls; plasma; egg; nondestructive sampling ID LOW REPRODUCTIVE RATES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; AMERICAN KESTRELS; SOUTH-AFRICA; LAKES; MICHIGAN; HEALTH; BLOOD; BIRDS AB The benefits of nondestructive sampling techniques, such as plasma sampling, to directly measure contaminant exposure levels in at-risk or protected raptor populations are many. However, such assays are generally inconsistent with the most certain source of toxicity reference values, which are based on feeding studies and quantified as dietary or "in ovo- (egg-based) concentrations. An accurate conversion factor to translate nondestructive plasma-based contaminant concentrations to comparable egg-based concentrations will prove valuable to risk assessors investigating the potential effects of chemical exposures to raptors. We used databases describing the concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB s) in great horned owls (GHO; Bubo virginianus) and total PCBs and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) in bald eagles (Halioeetus leucocephalus) from the Great Lakes region (Michigan, Wisconsin, USA) to develop a relationship to predict concentrations of PCBs and DDE in eggs. To develop a robust predictive relationship, all of the source data included concentrations of both total PCBs and/or DDE for nestling blood plasma and egg samples collected from within discrete active nesting territories and, in most instances, the same nest. The key characteristics (slope and elevation) of each relationship were tested for differences related to species and geographic region. Predicted variability of relationships were examined and compared to variability associated with natural systems. The results of statistical testing indicate that applying the conversion'factors between species (GHO to bald eagle) and among geographic regions yields predicted egg concentrations that are not statistically dissimilar and are within the natural variability observed for residue concentrations among eggs of raptors within species and region. C1 Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. DK Sci Res & Dev Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. ENTRIX Okemos, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, E Lansing Field Off, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Biol & Chem Dept, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biomed Vet Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada. RP Zwiernik, MJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM zwiernik@msu.edu NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 21 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1399 EP 1409 DI 10.1897/06-383R.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 180PY UT WOS:000247379200009 PM 17665679 ER PT J AU Wilson, HM Flint, PL Powell, AN AF Wilson, Heather M. Flint, Paul L. Powell, Abby N. TI Coupling contaminants with demography: Effects of lead and selenium in Pacific common eiders SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; blood; lead; selenium; Pacific common eider ID SPECTACLED EIDERS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; WESTERN ALASKA; EMPEROR GEESE; MALLARD DUCKS; AQUATIC BIRDS; BLOOD; REPRODUCTION; SURVIVAL AB We coupled intensive population monitoring with collection of blood samples from 383 nesting Pacific common eiders (Somateria mollisima v-nigrum) at two locations in Alaska (USA) from 2002 to 2004. We investigated annual, geographic, and within-season variation in blood concentrations of lead and selenium; compared exposure patterns with sympatrically nesting spectacled eiders (Sornateria fischeri); and examined relationships with clutch size, egg viability, probability of hatching, and apparent survival of adult females. Lead concentrations were elevated in 3.6% of females, and all individuals exhibited elevated selenium, most (81%) at concentrations associated with death in captive waterfowl. Blood lead and selenium concentrations varied both within and among site-years and were lower than those of spectacled ciders. During incubation, blood lead concentrations in females increased significantly (possibly via re-release of stored lead from bone), whereas selenium concentrations decreased (likely because of natural excretion). Probability of a nest containing at least one nonviable egg was positively related to blood selenium in hens, but adverse effects in other life-history variables were not supported. Although reproduction appeared to be sensitive to selenium toxicity, our data suggest that high rates of nonviability are unlikely in this population and that selenium-related reductions to clutch size would be inconsequential at the scale of overall population dynamics. We conclude that Pacific common eiders and other wild marine birds likely have higher selenium tolerances than freshwater species and that interspecific differences in exposure levels may reflect differences in reproductive strategies. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Wilson, HM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 211 Irving I, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM heather_wilson@fws.gov OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1410 EP 1417 DI 10.1897/06-537R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 180PY UT WOS:000247379200010 PM 17665680 ER PT J AU Lerner, DT Bjornsson, BT McCormick, SD AF Lerner, Darren T. Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur McCormick, Stephen D. TI Aqueous exposure to 4-nonylphenol and 17 beta-estradiol increases stress sensitivity and disrupts ion regulatory ability of juvenile Atlantic salmon SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; stress; osmoregulation; 17 beta-estradiol; nonylphenol ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; GROWTH-HORMONE; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; CONFINEMENT STRESS; SEXUAL-MATURITY; SALAR; FISH AB Population declines of wild Atlantic salmon have been attributed to an array of anthropogenic disturbances, including dams, commercial and recreational fishing, habitat loss, and pollution. Environmental contaminants in particular, can act as environmental stressors on fish, typically causing disruption of ion homeostasis due to their close association with the aquatic environment. To examine the effects of the xenoestrogen 4-nonylphenol (NP) or 17 beta-estradiol (E-2) on stress sensitivity and ion regulation, we exposed juvenile Atlantic salmon continuously for 21 d to either 10 or 100 mu g/L NP (NP-L or NP-H), 2 mu g/ E-2 (positive control), or vehicle control during the parr-smolt transformation in April. After treatment, fish were sampled in freshwater (FW), transferred to 30%o seawater (SW) for 24 h, or subjected to a handling stress. Estradiol and NP-H increased plasma vitellogenin in mates and females, and E-2 increased gonadosomatic index only in males. In FW, E-2 reduced sodium potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity as well as plasma levels of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, and triiodothyronine. Both E2 and NP-H reduced plasma sodium in FW and increased plasma chloride in SW. Plasma cortisol levels pre- and poststressor were significantly elevated by all treatments relative to controls, but only E-2 increased plasma glucose before and after the stressor. These results indicate that exposure of anadromous salmonids to environmental estrogens heightens sensitivity to external stressors, impairs ion regulation in both FW and SW, and disrupts endocrine pathways critical for smolt development. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Zool Zoophysiol, Fish Endocrinol Lab, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Lerner, DT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, 319 Morrhill Sci Ctr S,611 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM lerner@hawaii.edu RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008 OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756 NR 50 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 17 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1433 EP 1440 DI 10.1897/06-451R1.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 180PY UT WOS:000247379200013 PM 17665683 ER PT J AU Kenow, KP Grasman, KA Hines, RK Meyer, MW Gendron-Fitzpatrick, A Spalding, MG Gray, BR AF Kenow, Kevin P. Grasman, Keith A. Hines, Randy K. Meyer, Michael W. Gendron-Fitzpatrick, Annette Spalding, Marilyn G. Gray, Brian R. TI Effects of methylmercury exposure on the immune function of juvenile common loons (Gavia immer) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE common loon; immune function; Gavia immer; methylmercury; mercury ID METHYL MERCURY EXPOSURE; CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY; DOSE-RESPONSE; MICE; ANTIBODY; CHICKS; CONTAMINANTS; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY; PATTERNS AB We conducted a dose-response laboratory study to quantify the level of exposure to dietary Hg, delivered as methylmercury chloride (CH3HgCl), that is associated with suppressed immune function in captive-reared common loon (Gavia immer) chicks. We used the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test to assess T-lymphocyte function and the sheep red blood cell (SRBQ hemagglutination test to measure antibody-mediated immunity. The PHA stimulation index among chicks receiving dietary Hg treatment did not differ significantly from those of chicks on the control diet (p = 0.15). Total antibody (immunoglobulin [Ig] M [primary antibody] + IgG [secondary response]) production to the SRBC antigen in chicks treated with dietary methylmercury (MeHg), however, was suppressed (p = 0.04) relative to chicks on control diets. Analysis indicated suppression of total Ig production (p = 0.025 with comparisonwise alpha level = 0.017) between control and 0.4 mu g Hg/g wet food intake treatment groups. Furthermore, the control group exhibited a higher degree of variability in antibody response compared to the Hg groups, suggesting that in addition to reducing the mean response, Hg treatment reduced the normal variation attributable to other biological factors. We observed bursal lymphoid depletion in chicks receiving the 1.2 mu g Hg/g treatment (p = 0.017) and a marginally significant effect (p = 0.025) in chicks receiving the 0.4 mu g Hg/g diet. These findings suggest that common loon chick immune systems may be compromised at an ecologically relevant dietary exposure concentration (0.4 mu g Hg/g wet wt food intake). We also found that chicks hatched from eggs collected from low-pH lakes exhibited higher levels of lymphoid depletion in bursa tissue relative to chicks hatched from eggs collected from neutral-pH lakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Comparat Pathol Lab, Res Anim Resources Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kenow, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM kkenow@usgs.gov OI Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 NR 51 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 22 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1460 EP 1469 DI 10.1897/06-442R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 180PY UT WOS:000247379200017 PM 17665687 ER PT J AU Anderson, SK Roby, DD Lyons, DE Collis, K AF Anderson, Scott K. Roby, Daniel D. Lyons, Donald E. Collis, Ken TI Relationship of Caspian tern foraging ecology to nesting success in the Columbia River estuary, Oregon, USA SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE colony attendance; diet composition; food availability; foraging ecology; productivity ID PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; KITTIWAKES RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; BREEDING SUCCESS; AVIAN PREDATION; PARENTAL CARE; SEABIRDS; DIET; PREY; AVAILABILITY AB The prevalence of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) and marine forage fishes in the diet of Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) nesting in the Columbia River estuary has been established, but the relationship between diet composition, foraging distribution, and productivity of these birds has received little attention. We used radio-telemetry and on-colony observations to relate changes in off-colony distribution to patterns of colony attendance, diet composition, and productivity of adult terns nesting on East Sand Island during two years of different river and prey conditions. Average distance from the East Sand Island colony (located in the marine zone of the estuary) was 38% (6.6 km) greater in 2000 compared to 2001, associated with lower availability of marine forage fish near East Sand Island and lower prevalence of marine prey in tern diets. Colony attendance was much lower (37.0% vs. 62.5% of daylight hours), average trip duration was 40% longer (38.9 min), and nesting success was much lower (0.57 young fledged pair(-1) vs. 1.40 young fledged pair(-1)) in 2000 compared to 2001. Higher proportions of juvenile salmonids in the diet were associated with relatively high use of the freshwater zone of the estuary by radio-tagged terns, which occurred prior to chick-rearing and when out-migrating salmonid smolts were relatively abundant. Lower availability of marine prey in 2000 apparently limited Caspian tern nesting success by markedly reducing colony attendance and lengthening foraging trips by nesting terns, thereby increasing chick mortality rates from predation, exposure, and starvation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, USGS Oregon Cooperat Fish, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. RP Collis, K (reprint author), 404 Thornwall Court, Holly Springs, NC 27540 USA. EM scott.anderson@ncwildlife.org; daniel.roby@orst.edu; lyonsd@ucs.orst.edu; kcollis@realtimeresearch.org NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 447 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.02.006 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 179HX UT WOS:000247281500008 ER PT J AU Ryan, HF Noble, MA AF Ryan, H. F. Noble, M. A. TI Sea level fluctuations in central California at subtidal to decadal and longer time scales with implications for San Francisco Bay, California SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tide gauges; sea level; wind stress; El Nino phenomena ID EL-NINO; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; WIND-STRESS; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; ESTUARY; FREQUENCY; COAST; OSCILLATION; SALINITY AB Sea level elevations from near the mouth of San Francisco Bay are used to describe the low-frequency variability of forcing of the coastal ocean on the Bay at a variety of temporal scales. About 90% of subtidal fluctuations in sea level in San Francisco Bay are driven by the sea level variations in the coastal ocean that propagate into the Bay at the estuary mouth. We use the 100-year sea level record available at San Francisco to document a 1.9 mm/yr mean sea level rise, and to determine fluctuations related to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other climatic events. At time scales greater than 1 year, ENSO dominates the sea level signal and can result in fluctuations in sea level of 10-15 cm. Alongshore wind stress data from central California are also analyzed to determine the impact of changes in coastal elevation at the mouth of San Francisco Bay within the synoptic wind band of 2-30 days. At least 40% of the subtidal fluctuations in sea level of the Bay are tied to the large-scale regional wind field affecting sea level variations in the coastal ocean, with little local, direct wind forcing of the Bay itself. The majority of the subtidal sea level fluctuations within the Bay that are not related to the coastal ocean sea level signal are forced by an eastwest sea level gradient resulting from tidally induced variations in sea level at specific beat frequencies that are enhanced in the northern reach of the Bay. River discharge into the Bay through the Sacramento and San Joaquin River Delta also contributes to the east-west gradient, but to a lesser degree. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ryan, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hryan@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 538 EP 550 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.02.009 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 179HX UT WOS:000247281500016 ER PT J AU Zawada, DG Hu, CM Clayton, T Chen, ZQ Brock, JC Muller-Karger, FE AF Zawada, David G. Hu, Chuanmin Clayton, Tonya Chen, Zhiqiang Brock, John C. Muller-Karger, Frank E. TI Remote sensing of particle backscattering in Chesapeake Bay: A 6-year SeaWiFS retrospective view SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE water quality; remote sensing; light backscattering; suspended particulate matter; ocean color; SeaWiFS; Chesapeake Bay ID SATELLITE OCEAN COLOR; COASTAL WATERS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SUSPENDED MATTER; OPTIMIZATION; IMAGERY AB Traditional field techniques to monitor water quality in large estuaries, such as boat-based surveys and autonomous moored sensors, generally provide limited spatial coverage. Satellite imagery potentially can be used to address both of these limitations. Here, we show that satellite-based observations are useful for inferring total- suspended-solids (TSS) concentrations in estuarine areas. A spectra-matching optimization algorithm was used to estimate the particle backscattering coefficient at 400 nm, b(bp)(400), in Chesapeake Bay from Sea-viewing Wide-Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite imagery. These estimated values of b(bp)(400) were compared to in situ measurements of TSS for the study period of September 1997-December 2003. Contemporaneous SeaWiFS b(bp)(400) values and TSS concentrations were positively correlated (N = 340, r(2) = 0.4, P < 0.0005), and the satellite-derived b(bp)(400) values served as a reasonable first-order approximation for synoptically mapping TSS. Overall, large-scale patterns of SeaWiFS b(bp)(400) appeared to be consistent with expectations based on field observations and historical reports of TSS. Monthly averages indicated that SeaWiFS bbp(400) was typically largest in winter (> 0.049 m(-1), November-February) and smallest in summer (< 0.031 m(-1), June-August), regardless of the amount of riverine discharge to the bay. The study period also included Hurricanes Floyd and Isabel, which caused large-scale turbidity events and changes in the water quality of the bay. These results demonstrate that this technique can provide frequent synoptic assessments of suspended solids concentrations in Chesapeake Bay and other coastal regions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Zawada, DG (reprint author), Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM dzawada@usgs.gov RI Zawada, David/C-5209-2008; hu, chuanmin/J-5021-2012 NR 39 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 792 EP 806 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.03.005 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 179HX UT WOS:000247281500038 ER PT J AU Coghlan, S Angermeier, P Cech, J Daily, K Lang, T Limburg, K Litwin, M Mead, J Patton, G Pister, P AF Coghlan, Steve Angermeier, Paul Cech, Joseph Daily, Kin Lang, Tom Limburg, Karin Litwin, Michael Mead, Jerry Patton, Geoffrey Pister, Phil TI AFS Socioeconomics Section members clarify opinions on the proposed AFS policy statement on economic growth SO FISHERIES LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Virginia Polytech Univ, Blacksburg, VA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ecol Serv Inc, Bay City, OR USA. Univ Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Desert Fishes Council, Bishop, CA USA. RP Coghlan, S (reprint author), Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 2007 VL 32 IS 7 BP 353 EP 353 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 204RB UT WOS:000249060600016 ER PT J AU Mars, JC Houseknecht, DW AF Mars, J. C. Houseknecht, D. W. TI Quantitative remote sensing study indicates doubling of coastal erosion rate in past 50 yr along a segment of the Arctic coast of Alaska SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; landsat thematic mapper; Teshekpuk lake; coastal erosion; permafrost; Alaska; Arctic; national petroleum reserve; erosion. ID BEAUFORT SEA COAST AB A new quantitative coastal land gained-and-lost method uses image analysis of topographic maps and Landsat thematic mapper short-wave infrared data to document accelerated coastal land loss and thermokarst lake expansion and drainage. The data span 1955-2005 along the Beaufort Sea coast north of Teshekpuk Lake in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska. Some areas have undergone as much as 0.9 kin of coastal erosion in the past 50 yr. Land loss attributed to coastal erosion more than doubled, from 0.48 km(2) yr(-1) during 1955-1985 to 1.08 km(2) yr(-1) during 1985-2005. Coastal erosion has breached thermokarst lakes, causing initial draining of the lakes followed by marine flooding. Although inland thermokarst lakes show some uniform expansion, lakes breached by coastal erosion display lake expansion several orders of magnitude greater than inland lakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Mars, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 19 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 25 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 35 IS 7 BP 583 EP 586 DI 10.1130/G23672A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 188CI UT WOS:000247895900002 ER PT J AU Grimes, CB John, BE Kelemen, PB Mazdab, FK Wooden, JL Cheadle, MJ Hanghoj, K Schwartz, JJ AF Grimes, C. B. John, B. E. Kelemen, P. B. Mazdab, F. K. Wooden, J. L. Cheadle, M. J. Hanghoj, K. Schwartz, J. J. TI Trace element chemistry of zircons from oceanic crust: A method for distinguishing detrital zircon provenance SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE detrital zircon; trace elements; provenance; mid-ocean ridge; hadean ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE RATIOS; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; JACK-HILLS; INDIAN RIDGE; 4.4 GA; EARTH; CONSTRAINTS; DELTA-O-18; INDICATOR AB We present newly acquired trace element compositions for more than 300 zircon grains in 36 gabbros formed at the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic and Southwest Indian Ridges. Rare earth element patterns for zircon from modern oceanic crust completely overlap with those for zircon crystallized in continental granitoids. However, plots of U versus Yb and U[Yb versus Hf or Y discriminate zircons crystallized in oceanic crust from continental zircon, and provide a relatively robust method for distinguishing zircons from these environments. Approximately 80% of the modern ocean crust zircons are distinct from the field defined by more than 1700 continental zircons from Archean and Phanerozoic samples. These discrimination diagrams provide a new tool for fingerprinting ocean crust zircons derived from reservoirs like that of modern mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) in both modern and ancient detrital zircon populations. Hadean detrital zircons previously reported from the Acasta Gneiss, Canada, and the Narryer Gneiss terrane, Western Australia, plot in the continental granitoid field, supporting hypotheses that at least some Hadean detrital zircons crystallized in continental crust forming magmas and not from a reservoir like modern MORB. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol, Dept 3006, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Stanford Ion Microprobe Lab, United States Geol Survey, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Grimes, CB (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol, Dept 3006, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RI Kelemen, Peter/D-6813-2013; Facility, NENIMF/B-8811-2015 OI Kelemen, Peter/0000-0003-4757-0855; NR 31 TC 166 Z9 188 U1 5 U2 74 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 35 IS 7 BP 643 EP 646 DI 10.1130/G23603A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 188CI UT WOS:000247895900017 ER PT J AU Hughes, JD Vacher, HL Sanford, WE AF Hughes, Joseph D. Vacher, H. L. Sanford, Ward E. TI Three-dimensional flow in the Florida platform: Theoretical analysis of Kohout convection at its type locality SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kohout convection; Floridan aquifer system; Boulder Zone; geothermal; heat flow; dolomitization; groundwater ID SALT WATER; GEOTHERMAL CONVECTION; CARBONATE PLATFORMS; CYCLIC FLOW; AQUIFER; DOLOMITIZATION; CIRCULATION; HYPOTHESIS; SEAWATER; ATOLL AB Kohout convection is the name given to the circulation of saline groundwater deep within carbonate platforms, first proposed by F.A. Kohout in the 1960s for south Florida. It is now seen as an Mg pump for dollomitization by seawater. As proposed by Kohout, cold seawater is drawn into the Florida platform from the deep Straits of Florida as part of a geothermally driven circulation in which the seawater then rises in the interior of the platform to mix and exit with the discharging meteoric water of the Floridan aquifer system. Simulation of the asymmetrically emergent Florida platform with the new three-dimensional (3-D), finite-element groundwater How and transport model SUTRA-MS, which couples salinity- and temperaturedependent density variations, allows analysis of how much of the cyclic How is due to geothermal heating (free convection) as opposed to mixing with meteoric water discharging to the shoreline (forced convection). Simulation of the system with and without geothermal heating reveals that the inflow of seawater from the Straits of Florida would be similar without the heat flow, but the distribution would differ significantly. The addition of heat flow reduces the asymmetry of the circulation: it decreases seawater inflows on the Atlantic side by 8% and on the Gulf of Mexico side by half. The study illustrates the complex interplay of freshwater-saltwater mixing, geothermal heat flow, and projected dolomitization in complicated 3-D settings with asymmetric boundary conditions and realistic horizontal and vertical variations in hydraulic properties. C1 DHI Water & Environm, Tampa, FL 33629 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. US Geol Survey, MS 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hughes, JD (reprint author), DHI Water & Environm, 2909 W Bay Bay Blvd,Suite 206, Tampa, FL 33629 USA. EM jdh@dhi.us OI Hughes, Joseph/0000-0003-1311-2354 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 35 IS 7 BP 663 EP 666 DI 10.1130/G23374A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 188CI UT WOS:000247895900022 ER PT J AU Ettinger, S Mothes, P Paris, R Schilling, S AF Ettinger, Susanne Mothes, Patricia Paris, Raphael Schilling, Steve TI The 1877 lahar deposits on the eastern flank of Cotopaxi volcano SO GEOMORPHOLOGIE-RELIEF PROCESSUS ENVIRONNEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecuador; Cotopaxi volcano; lahar deposits; volcanic hazard; risk ID ECUADOR AB Cotopaxi volcano (5897 m), located in the Eastern Cordillera of the Ecuadorian Andes is one of the most active Ecuadorian volcanoes. During the last 2000 years, Cotopaxi has had at least one eruption of VEI >= 3 per century. Many of these past eruptions melted parts of the glaciers on Cotopaxi, generating large-volume debris flows. These flows of great volume, rapidly descended along the three main drainage systems of the volcano: the Pita-Esmeraldas rivers to the North, the Cutuchi-Pastaza rivers to the Southwest, and the Tambo-Tamboyacu-Napo river system to the East. We present a study of the 1877 lahar deposits in the eastern drainage of Cotopaxi. Sparse exposures left by the lahars suggest that flows evolved downstream. Grain-size distribution, textural trends in successive outcrops, and the spatial distribution of the lahar deposits demonstrate that past lahars on the eastern flank evolved from non-cohesive debris flows at and near the base of the volcano into a hyperconcentrated streamflow downstream due to the effect of topography changes on flow dynamics. Two major deposition zones have been identified: the first is situated at 3900 m a.s.l. at the base of the volcano; the second is an alluvial fan at the foot of the Eastern Cordillera, near the edge of the Amazon basin. The 1877 lahar deposits reveal a potential and dangerous hazard extending to the eastern basin located more than 90 km from the base of the volcano. Vulnerability to high volcano hazard is due to settlement within this zone over the past 60 years. A future lahar would impact people, villages along the riverbanks and the majority of local infrastructure. C1 Univ Clermont Ferrand, GEOLAB, UMR 6042, F-63057 Clermont Ferrand, France. Escuela Politec Nacl, Inst Geofis, Quito, Ecuador. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Ohserv, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Ettinger, S (reprint author), Univ Clermont Ferrand, GEOLAB, UMR 6042, 4 Rue Ledru, F-63057 Clermont Ferrand, France. EM susanne_ettinger@hotmail.com NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 13 PU GROUPE FRANCIAS GEOMORPHOLOGIE PI PARIS PA INST GEOGRAPHIE, 191 RUE SAINT-JACQUES, PARIS, 75005, FRANCE SN 1266-5304 J9 GEOMORPHOLOGIE JI Geomorphologie PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 IS 3 BP 271 EP 280 PG 10 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 227NK UT WOS:000250663200007 ER PT J AU Ritzmann, O Maercklin, N Faleide, JI Bungum, H Mooney, WD Detweiler, ST AF Ritzmann, Oliver Maercklin, Nils Faleide, Jan Inge Bungum, Hilmar Mooney, Walter D. Detweiler, Shane T. TI A three-dimensional geophysical model of the crust in the Barents Sea region: Model construction and basement characterization SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Barents Sea; crustal structure; density; Moho discontinuity; sedimentary basin; seismic velocities ID OCEAN-BOTTOM SEISMOMETER; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; UPPER-MANTLE; NORTHWESTERN SVALBARD; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; SEISMIC VELOCITY; KNIPOVICH RIDGE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; POLAR PROFILE; N NORWAY AB BARENTS50, a new 3-D geophysical model of the crust in the Barents Sea Region has been developed by the University of Oslo, NORSAR and the U.S. Geological Survey. The target region comprises northern Norway and Finland, parts of the Kola Peninsula and the East European lowlands. Novaya Zemlya, the Kara Sea and Franz-Josef Land terminate the region to the east, while the Norwegian-Greenland Sea marks the western boundary. In total, 680 1-D seismic velocity profiles were compiled, mostly by sampling 2-D seismic velocity transects, from seismic refraction profiles. Seismic reflection data in the western Barents Sea were further used for density modelling and subsequent density-to-velocity conversion. Velocities from these profiles were binned into two sedimentary and three crystalline crustal layers. The first step of the compilation comprised the layer-wise interpolation of the velocities and thicknesses. Within the different geological provinces of the study region, linear relationships between the thickness of the sedimentary rocks and the thickness of the remaining crystalline crust are observed. We therefore, used the separately compiled (area-wide) sediment thickness data to adjust the total crystalline crustal thickness according to the total sedimentary thickness where no constraints from 1-D velocity profiles existed. The BARENTS50 model is based on an equidistant hexagonal grid with a node spacing of 50 km. The P-wave velocity model was used for gravity modelling to obtain 3-D density structure. A better fit to the observed gravity was achieved using a grid search algorithm which focussed on the density contrast of the sediment-basement interface. An improvement compared to older geophysical models is the high resolution of 50 km. Velocity transects through the 3-D model illustrate geological features of the European Arctic. The possible petrology of the crystalline basement in western and eastern Barents Sea is discussed on the basis of the observed seismic velocity structure. The BARENTS50 model is available at http://www.norsar.no/seismology/barents3d/. C1 Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. NORSAR, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ritzmann, O (reprint author), Univ Oslo, POB 1047, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM oliver.ritzmann@geo.uio.no RI Maercklin, Nils/D-1816-2009 OI Maercklin, Nils/0000-0003-4925-8427 NR 73 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 170 IS 1 BP 417 EP 435 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03337.x PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 183XT UT WOS:000247606400030 ER PT J AU Hough, S Bolen, A AF Hough, Susan Bolen, Anne TI Sizing up earthquake damage: Differing points of view SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD JUL PY 2007 VL 52 IS 7 BP 46 EP 48 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 190JX UT WOS:000248056200023 ER PT J AU Chander, G Markham, BL Barsi, JA AF Chander, Gyanesh Markham, Brian L. Barsi, Julia A. TI Revised Landsat-5 thematic mapper radiometric calibration SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE bias; calibration; characterization; gain; Landsat-5 (L5); Libya; lookup table (LUT); National Land Archive Production System (NLAPS); offset; radiance; reflectance; relative spectral response (RSR); spectral bands; Thematic Mapper (TM) AB Effective April 2, 2007, the radiometric calibration of Landsat-5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) data that are processed and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) will be updated. The lifetime gain model that was implemented on May 5, 2003, for the reflective bands (1-5, 7) will be replaced by a new lifetime radiometric-calibration curve that is derived from the instrument's response to pseudoinvariant desert sites and from cross calibration with the Landsat-7 (L7) Enhanced TM Plus (ETM+). Although this calibration update applies to all archived and future L5 TM data, the principal improvements in the calibration are for the data acquired during the first eight years of the mission (1984-1991), where the changes in the instrument-gain values are as much as 15%. The radiometric scaling coefficients for bands 1 and 2 for approximately the first eight years of the mission have also been changed. Users will need to apply these new coefficients to convert the calibrated data product digital numbers to radiance. The scaling coefficients for the other bands have not changed. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov RI Markham, Brian/M-4842-2013 OI Markham, Brian/0000-0002-9612-8169 NR 6 TC 112 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 490 EP 494 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2007.898285 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 191QX UT WOS:000248147200033 ER PT J AU Belden, JB Gilliom, RJ Lydy, MJ AF Belden, Jason B. Gilliom, Robert J. Lydy, Michael J. TI How Well Can We Predict the Toxicity of Pesticide Mixtures to Aquatic Life? SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Mixture; Pesticide; Concentration addition; Independent action; Interaction AB Results of published pesticide mixture toxicity experiments conducted with aquatic organisms were compiled and evaluated to assess the accuracy of predictive mixture models. Three types of models were evaluated: Concentration addition (CA), independent action (IA), and simple interaction (SI). The CA model was the most often tested (207 experiments), followed by SI (59) and IA (37). The reviewed experiments are listed in the Supplemental material to provide a resource for future investigators. The predictive accuracy of each model was quantified for each experiment by the model deviation ratio (MDR), which was calculated by dividing the predicted toxicity by the observed toxicity. Eighty-eight percent of all experiments that evaluated the CA model had observed effective concentrations within a factor of 2 of predicted values (MDR values from 0.5-2.0). The median MDR was 1, about 5% of MDRs were less than 0.5, and about 5% were greater than 2, indicating unbiased estimates overall. The predictive accuracy of CA and IA models was influenced, however, by the different modes of action (MOA) of the pesticides. For experiments with pesticides with the same MOA, CA more accurately predicted effective concentrations for more experiments compared to IA, which tended to underpredict toxicity. The IA model was somewhat more accurate than the CA model for most mixtures with different MOAs, but in most cases there were relatively small differences between the models. Additionally, 80% of SI experiments had an MDR value below 2.0 despite a bias towards experiments that are likely to have an interaction. Thus, results indicate that the CA model may be used as a slightly conservative, but broadly applicable model with a relatively small likelihood of underestimating effects due to interactions. C1 [Belden, Jason B.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Gilliom, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Lydy, Michael J.] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Lydy, Michael J.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Belden, JB (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM jason_belden@baylor.edu RI Belden, Jason/H-1764-2014 OI Belden, Jason/0000-0002-0432-7700 NR 40 TC 125 Z9 135 U1 10 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 3 IS 3 BP 364 EP 372 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630030307 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WZ UT WOS:000209712800008 PM 17695109 ER PT J AU Belden, JB Gilliom, RJ Lydy, MJ AF Belden, Jason B. Gilliom, Robert J. Lydy, Michael J. TI How Well Can We Predict the Toxicity of Pesticide Mixtures to Aquatic Life? SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article C1 [Belden, Jason B.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Gilliom, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Lydy, Michael J.] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Lydy, Michael J.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Belden, JB (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Waco, TX 76798 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 3 IS 3 BP E1 EP E5 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630030326 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WZ UT WOS:000209712800001 ER PT J AU Bebak, JA Welch, TJ Starliper, CE Baya, AM Garner, MM AF Bebak, Julie A. Welch, Timothy J. Starliper, Clifford E. Baya, Ana M. Garner, Michael M. TI Improved husbandry to control an outbreak of rainbow trout fry syndrome caused by infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Eastern Fish Health Workshop CY MAR, 2004 CL Shepherdstown, WA ID COLUMNARIS AB Case Description-A cohort of 35,200, 13-week-old, female rainbow trout at a fish farm was evaluated because of a 2-week history of anorexia and lethargy and a mortality rate of approximately 100 fish/d. Clinical Findings-Affected fish were lethargic and thin and had disequilibrium, bilateral exophthalmia, pale red gills and kidneys, red-tinged coelomic fluid, and pale brown livers. Some fish were differentially pigmented bilaterally. The presumptive diagnosis was bacterial or viral septicemia. The definitive diagnosis was rainbow trout fry syndrome caused by infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Treatment and Outcome-A strategy for controlling the outbreak based on reducing pathogen numbers in affected tanks and reducing pathogen spread among tanks was developed. The option of treating with anti microbial-medicated feed was discussed with the farmer, but was declined. After changes were made, mortality rate declined quickly, with no more deaths within 10 days after the initial farm visit. Clinical Relevance Bacterial coldwater disease is the most common manifestation of infection with F psychrophilum in fingerling and adult rainbow trout. However, the organism can also cause rainbow trout fry syndrome. This condition should be included on a list of differential diagnoses for septicemia in hatchery-reared rainbow trout fry. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Inst Freshwater, Shepherdstown, WV USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Maryland Dept Agr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NW ZooPath, Monroe, WA 98272 USA. RP Bebak, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 231 IS 1 BP 114 EP 116 DI 10.2460/javma.231.1.114 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 184QU UT WOS:000247657600031 PM 17605674 ER PT J AU Hupp, JW Schmutz, JA Ely, CR Syroechkovskiy, EE Kondratyev, AV Eldridge, WD Lappo, E AF Hupp, Jerry W. Schmutz, Joel A. Ely, Craig R. Syroechkovskiy, Evgeny E., Jr. Kondratyev, Alexander V. Eldridge, William D. Lappo, Elena TI Moult migration of emperor geese Chen canagica between Alaska and Russia SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC BLACK BRANT; CANADA GEESE; HELICOPTER DISTURBANCE; SURVIVAL; RADIOTRANSMITTERS; REPRODUCTION; SIMULATION; ANTENNAS; BAY AB We studied reproductive success and post-breeding movements of 32 adult female emperor geese Chen canagica that were marked with satellite radio transmitters on their nesting area on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), Alaska 2000-2004. All 16 females that failed to successfully reproduce departed the YKD and moulted remiges either on the north coast of the Chukotka Peninsula, Russia (n=15), or on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska (n=1). Of 16 females that successfully nested, one migrated to Russia following hatch whereas the remainder stayed on the YKD. While moulting on the Chukotka Peninsula, emperor geese with satellite transmitters primarily used coastal lagoons west of Kolyuchin Bay. We observed 21,150 adult-plumaged emperor geese during aerial surveys in Chukotka in 2002. Most (95%) were in the same region used by geese that had been marked with satellite transmitters in Alaska. The number of emperor geese observed in Russia was comparable to our estimate of >= 20,000 adults that either do not nest or nest unsuccessfully each year on the YKD, suggesting that most nonproductive adults, or >= 28% of the adult population departs the YKD to moult elsewhere. The number of moult migrants may be substantially higher in years of poor reproductive success or if adult-plumaged birds that are not of breeding age also leave the YKD. Moult migration of emperor geese between Alaska and Russia is likely substantially greater than previously believed. Russian moulting habitats are important to the North American population of emperor geese and events that affect survival of geese in Russia could impact population trends on the YKD. Protection of coastal lagoons on the north coast of Chukotka is warranted. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia. St Petersburg State Univ, Biol Res Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Moscow 109017, Russia. RP Hupp, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jerry_hupp@usgs.gov RI Kondratyev, Alexander/J-8301-2012 OI Kondratyev, Alexander/0000-0002-4657-3336 NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 462 EP 470 DI 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2007.03969.x PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 183NZ UT WOS:000247580800008 ER PT J AU Fitzsimons, JD Jonas, JL Claramunt, RM Williston, B Williston, G Marsden, JE Ellrott, BJ Honeyfield, DC AF Fitzsimons, J. D. Jonas, J. L. Claramunt, R. M. Williston, B. Williston, G. Marsden, J. E. Ellrott, B. J. Honeyfield, D. C. TI Influence of egg predation and physical disturbance on lake trout Salvelinus namaycush egg mortality and implications for life-history theory SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eggs; Great Lakes; lake trout; predation; wind fetch ID GOBIES NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; GREAT-LAKES; SPAWNING HABITAT; ORCONECTES-PROPINQUUS; COTTUS-COGNATUS; MOTTLED SCULPIN; SLIMY SCULPIN; ROUND GOBY; MICHIGAN; ONTARIO AB The influence of egg predators and physical disturbance on lake trout Salvelinus namaycush egg mortality was investigated in situ in Lake Michigan where recruitment is below detectable levels and egg predator abundance is high. Comparisons were made with Lake Champlain where recruitment is low and egg predator abundance is also low and with Parry Sound (Lake Huron) where recruitment is moderate and egg predators are in low abundance. A multi-density egg seeding method (100 to 5000 eggs m(-2)) was used to quantify the effect of physical disturbance and egg predation on egg loss. Wind fetch was used as an index of physical disturbance and comparisons across all locations and egg densities suggested that at sites with high wind fetch (> 5 km), physical disturbance may be a greater source of egg loss than predation. When analyses were limited to those sites having a wind fetch of < 5 km, the percentage of eggs recovered was found to be linearly related to predator density. The strength of this relationship was based largely on egg recovery at 500 and 1000 eggs m(-2) because recovery at lower (100, 250 eggs m(-2)) and very high (5000 eggs m(-2)) densities was not significantly related to predator density. The reason for this is probably that at low egg densities, crayfish Orconectes spp., the major egg predator at most sites, had difficulty finding and consuming eggs and at high egg densities they became satiated. Egg loss was directly related to wind fetch for Lake Michigan and on average six-fold greater than for Parry Sound suggesting that without corresponding changes in fecundity and age structure, lake trout populations in large lakes like Lake Michigan are inherently less productive than those from enclosed inland waters. (c) 2007 The Authors Journal compilation. (c) 2007 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Charlevoix Fisheries Res Stn, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Geol Serv, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Fitzsimons, JD (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM fitzsimonsj@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01437.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 181MW UT WOS:000247441800001 ER PT J AU Gardner, JE Burgisser, A Stelling, P AF Gardner, James E. Burgisser, Alain Stelling, Pete TI Eruption and deposition of the Fisher Tuff (Alaska): Evidence for the evolution of pyroclastic flows SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLLAPSING VOLCANIC COLUMNS; CALDERA-FORMING ERUPTION; KATMAI-NATIONAL-PARK; LAACHER SEE VOLCANO; KOS-PLATEAU-TUFF; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PLINIAN ERUPTIONS; DENSITY CURRENTS; TEPHRA FALL; IGNIMBRITE AB Recognition that the Fisher Tuff (Unimak Island, Alaska) was deposited on the leeside of an similar to 500-700-m-high mountain range (Tugamak Range) more than 10 km away from its source played a major role in defining pyroclastic flows as momentum-driven currents. We reexamined the Fisher Tuff to evaluate whether deposition from expanded turbulent clouds can better explain its depositional features. We studied the tuff at 89 sites and sieved bulk samples from 27 of those sites. We find that the tuff consists of a complex sequence of deposits that record the evolution of the eruption from a buoyant plume (22 km) that deposited similar to 0.2 km(3) of dacite magma as a pyroclastic fall layer to erupting similar to 10-100 km(3) of andesitic magma as Scoria-rich pyroclastic falls and flows that were mainly deposited to the north and northwest of the caldera, including those in valleys within the Tugamak Range. The distribution of the flow deposits and their welding, internal stratification, and the occurrence of lithic breccia all suggest that the pyroclastic flows were fed from a fountaining column that vented from an inclined conduit, the first time such a conduit has been recognized during a large-volume caldera eruption. Pyroclastic flow deposits before and after the mountain range and thin veneer deposits high in the range are best explained by a flow that was stratified into a dense undercurrent and an overriding dilute turbulent cloud, from which deposition before the range was mainly from the undercurrent. When the flow ran into the mountain range, however, the undercurrent was blocked, but the turbulent cloud continued on. As the flow continued north, it restratified, forming another undercurrent. The Fisher Tuff thus records the passing of a flow that was significantly higher (800-1100 m thick) than the mountain range and thus did not require excessive momentum. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Gardner, JE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM gardner@mail.utexas.edu RI Gardner, James/H-1713-2011 NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 115 IS 4 BP 417 EP 435 DI 10.1086/518050 PG 19 WC Geology SC Geology GA 175UF UT WOS:000247038800003 ER PT J AU Kinzel, PJ Wright, CW Nelson, JM Burman, AR AF Kinzel, Paul J. Wright, C. Wayne Nelson, Jonathan M. Burman, Aaron R. TI Evaluation of an experimental LiDAR for surveying a shallow, braided, sand-bedded river SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID GRAVEL-BED; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; HABITAT AB Reaches of a shallow (<1.0 m), braided, sand-bedded river were surveyed in 2002 and 2005 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LiDAR (EAARL) and concurrently with conventional surveygrade, real-time kinematic, global positioning system technology. The laser pulses transmitted by the EAARL instrument and the return backscatter waveforms from exposed-sand and submerged sand targets in the river were completely digitized and stored for postflight processing. The vertical mapping accuracy of the EAARL was evaluated by comparing the ellipsoidal heights computed from ranging measurements made using an EAARL terrestrial algorithm to nearby (<0.5 m apart) ground-truth ellipsoidal heights. After correcting for apparent systematic bias in the surveys, the root mean square er-ror of these heights with the terrestrial algorithm in the 2002 survey was 0.11 m for the 26 measurements taken on exposed sand and 0.18 m for the 59 measurements taken on submerged sand. In the 2005 survey, the root mean square error was 0.18 m for 92 measurements taken on exposed sand and 0.24 m for 434 measurements on submerged sand. In submerged areas the waveforms were complicated by reflections from the surface, water column entrained turbidity, and potentially the riverbed. When applied to these waveforms, especially in depths greater than 0.4 m, the terrestrial algorithm calculated the range above the riverbed. A bathymetric algorithm has been developed to approximate the position of the riverbed in these convolved waveforms and preliminary results are encouraging. C1 US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Kinzel, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, 4620 Technol Dr,Suite 400, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM pjkinzel@usgs.gov OI Kinzel, Paul/0000-0002-6076-9730 NR 21 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 13 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2007 VL 133 IS 7 BP 838 EP 842 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:7(838) PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 180TJ UT WOS:000247388600012 ER PT J AU Rigby, JK Cunningham, KJ AF Rigby, J. Keith Cunningham, Kevin J. TI A new, large, late pleistocene demosponge from Southeastern Florida SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIMESTONE; MIAMI C1 Brigham Young Univ, Eyring Sci Ctr S 389, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. RP Rigby, JK (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Eyring Sci Ctr S 389, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM rigbyjkeith@qwest.net; kcunning@usgs.gov OI Cunningham, Kevin/0000-0002-2179-8686 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 81 IS 4 BP 788 EP 793 DI 10.1666/pleo0022-3360(2007)081[0788:ANLLPD]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 187NS UT WOS:000247855500015 ER PT J AU Neimanis, A Gavier-Widen, D Leighton, F Bollinger, T Rocke, T Morner, T AF Neimanis, A. Gavier-Widen, D. Leighton, F. Bollinger, T. Rocke, T. Morner, T. TI An outbreak of type c botulism in Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) in southeastern Sweden SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian; Baltic sea; bird; botulism; herring gull; lams argentatus; paralysis; Sweden ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; AVIAN BOTULISM; TOXIN; FUTURE AB From 2000 to 2004, over 10,000 seabirds, primarily Herring Gulls (Lams argentatus), died from an undetermined cause in the Blekinge archipelago in southeastern Sweden. In June 2004, 24 affected Herring Gulls were examined clinically, killed humanely, and 23 were examined by necropsy. Seven and 10 unaffected Herring Gulls collected froth a local landfill site and from Iceland, respectively, served as controls. All affected birds showed similar neurologic signs, ranging from mild incoordination and weakness to severe flaccid paralysis of legs and wings, but generally were alert and responsive. All affected gulls were in normal nutritional condition, but were dehydrated and had empty stomachs. No gross or microscopic lesions, and no bacterial or viral pathogens were identified. Type C botulinum toxin was detected in the sera of 11 of 16 (69%) affected gulls by mouse inoculation. Type C botulism was the proximate cause of disease in 2004. Sera from 31% of birds tested from outbreaks in 2000 to 2003 also had detectable type C botulinum toxin by mouse inoculation. No large-scale botulism outbreak has been documented previously in this area. The source of toxin, initiating conditions, and thus, the ultimate cause of this outbreak. are not known. This epidemic might signal environmental change in the Baltic Sea. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. Natl Vet Inst, Dept Wildlife Fish & Environm, SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden. Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Neimanis, A (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. EM aleksija.neimanis@usask.ca OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 327 EP 336 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 202RO UT WOS:000248921100001 PM 17699071 ER PT J AU Relsen, WK Hahn, DC AF Relsen, William K. Hahn, D. Caldwell TI Comparison of immune responses of Brown-headed Cowbird and related blackbirds to West Nile and other mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Blackbirds; Brown-headed Cowbird; Icteridae; immune system; parasitemediated selection; West Nile virus; western equine encephalomyelitis virus ID EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; CALIFORNIA; BIRDS; CULICIDAE; PATTERNS; DEFENSE; DIPTERA; VALLEY AB The rapid geographic spread of West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) across the United States has stimulated interest in comparative host infection studies to delineate competent avian hosts critical for viral amplification. We compared the host competence of four taxonomically related blackbird species (Icteridae) after experimental infection with WNV and with two endemic, mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses, western equine encephalomyelitis virus (family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, WEEV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, SLEV). We predicted differences in disease resistance among the blackbird species based on differences in life history, because they differ in geographic range and life history traits that include mating and breeding systems. Differences were observed among the response of these hosts to all three viruses. Red-winged Blackbirds were more susceptible to SLEV than Brewer's Blackbirds, whereas Brewer's Blackbirds were more susceptible to WEEV than Red-winged Blackbirds. In response to WNV infection, cowbirds showed the lowest mean viremias, cleared their infections faster, and showed lower antibody levels than concurrently infected species. Brown-headed Cowbirds also exhibited significantly lower viremia responses after infection with SLEV and WEEV as well as coinfection with WEEV and WNV than concurrently infected icterids. We concluded that cowbirds may be more resistant to infection to both native and introduced viruses because they experience heightened exposure to a variety of pathogens of parenting birds during the course of their parasitic life style. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Relsen, WK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM arbo123@pacbell.net FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI47855, AI55607]; PHS HHS [R01-39483] NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 439 EP 449 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 202RO UT WOS:000248921100012 PM 17699082 ER PT J AU Telesco, RL Van Manen, FT Clark, JD Cartwright, ME AF Telesco, Rebecca L. Van Manen, Frank T. Clark, Joseph D. Cartwright, Michael E. TI Identifying sites for elk restoration in Arkansas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; Cervus elaphus; conflict; elk; habitat models; Mahalanobis distance; wildlife restoration ID MENINGEAL WORM; PELLET-GROUP; HABITAT SELECTION; SCALE; POPULATION; KENTUCKY; MODELS AB We used spatial data to identify potential areas for elk (Cervus elaphus) restoration in Arkansas. To assess habitat, we used locations of 239 elk groups collected from helicopter surveys in the Buffalo National River area of northwestern Arkansas, USA, from 1992 to 2002. We calculated the Mahalanobis distance (D) statistic based on the relationship between those elk-group locations and a suite of 9 landscape variables to evaluate winter habitat in Arkansas. We tested model performance in the Buffalo National River area by comparing the D-2 values of pixels representing areas with and without elk pellets along 19 fixed-width transects surveyed in March 2002. Pixels with elk scat had lower D-2 values than pixels in which we found no pellets (logistic regression: Wald chi(2) = 24.37, P < 0.001), indicating that habitat characteristics were similar to those selected by the aerially surveyed elk. Our D-2 model indicated that the best elk habitat primarily occurred in northern and western Arkansas and was associated with areas of high landscape heterogeneity, heavy forest cover, gently sloping ridge tops and valleys, low human population density, and low road densities. To assess the potential for elk-human conflicts in Arkansas, we used the analytical hierarchy process to rank the importance of 8 criteria based on expert opinion from biologists involved in elk management. The biologists ranked availability of forage on public lands as having the strongest influence on the potential for elk-human conflict (33%), followed by human population growth rate (22%) and the amount of private land in row crops (18%). We then applied those rankings in a weighted linear summation to map the relative potential for elk-human conflict. Finally, we used white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) densities to identify areas where success of elk restoration may be hampered due to meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) transmission. By combining results of the 3 spatial data layers (i.e., habitat model, elk-human conflict model, deer density), our model indicated that restoration sites located in west-central and north-central Arkansas were most favorable for reintroduction. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, So Appalachian Res Branch, US Geol Survey, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. N Cent Reg Off, Calico Rock, AR 72519 USA. RP Telesco, RL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, So Appalachian Res Branch, US Geol Survey, 274 Ellington Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM vanmanen@utk.edu NR 67 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1393 EP 1403 DI 10.2193/2005-673 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800002 ER PT J AU Sappington, JM Longshore, KM Thompson, DB AF Sappington, J. Mark Longshore, Kathleen M. Thompson, Daniel B. TI Quantifying landscape ruggedness for animal habitat analysis: A case study using bighorn sheep in the Mojave Desert SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE escape terrain; Geographic Information System; habitat analysis; landscape ruggedness; Mojave Desert; Ovis canadensis nelsoni ID MOUNTAIN SHEEP; TERRAIN AB Terrain ruggedness is often an important variable in wildlife habitat models. Most methods used to quantify ruggedness are indices derived from measures of slope and, as a result, are strongly correlated with slope. Using a Geographic Information System, we developed a vector ruggedness measure (VRM) of terrain based on a geomorphological method for measuring vector dispersion that is less correlated with slope. We examined the relationship of VRM to slope and to 2 commonly used indices of ruggedness in 3 physiographically different mountain ranges within the Mojave Desert of the southwestern United States. We used VRM, slope, distance to water, and springtime bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) adult female locations to model sheep habitat in the 3 ranges. Using logistic regression, we determined that the importance of ruggedness in habitat selection remained consistent across mountain ranges, whereas the relative importance of slope varied according to the characteristic physiography of each range. Our results indicate that the VRM quantifies local variation in terrain more independently of slope than other methods tested, and that VRM and slope distinguish 2 different components of bighorn sheep habitat. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Sappington, JM (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Lake Mead Natl Recreat Area, 601 Nevada Highway, Boulder City, NV 89005 USA. EM mark_sappington@nps.gov NR 30 TC 189 Z9 196 U1 8 U2 76 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1419 EP 1426 DI 10.2193/2005-723 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800005 ER PT J AU Shorey, RI Scribner, KT Prince, HH Kravchenko, AN Luukkonen, DR Padding, PI AF Shorey, Rainy I. Scribner, Kim T. Prince, Harold H. Kravchenko, Alexandra N. Luukkonen, David R. Padding, Paul I. TI Genetic analysis of standardized collections of caciding and Canada goose harvests SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Branta canadensis; Branta hutchinsii; cackling goose; Canada goose; harvest derivation; mixed stock analysis; waterfowl management ID GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; MIGRATION AB Many states have established special harvest seasons and hunting zones to target overabundant populations of temperate-nesting Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and protect less abundant northern-nesting populations of Canada geese and cackling geese (B. hutchinsii). To meet management needs for spatially and temporally explicit harvest estimates, we utilized established methods of genetic stock identification and standardized harvest sample collections to estimate proportional contributions of cackling (B. h. hutchinsii) and Canada geese (B. c. maxima and B. c. interior) to 5 consecutive annual harvests (1998-2002) in Michigan, USA. Harvest samples (n = 2,272) were analyzed for several seasons at statewide, regional, and local spatial scales. We expanded upon previous studies that used genetic methods to monitor cackling goose and Canada goose harvests by analyzing harvests within regional and local goose management areas. Likelihood ratio tests were also employed to compare harvest composition among spatial and temporal sampling groups. Tests revealed that proportions of giant and interior Canada geese within local harvests varied significantly during the fall in different hunt zones of Michigan and during different time periods. Adaptive management of temperate-nesting and northern-nesting geese would benefit from accurate estimates of harvest composition, as provided by genetic-based methods. Quantification of changes in harvest composition as a function of variation in season opening date and duration, and bag limits can provide valuable insight into goose migratory behavior and population dynamics. Harvest composition estimates may be used to predict impacts of management prescriptions on mortality rates of specific breeding populations. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Rose Lake Wildlife Res Ctr, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migrat Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Shorey, RI (reprint author), 135 E Oak Cliff Court 106, Peoria, IL 61614 USA. EM rainyshorey@gmail.com NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1458 EP 1466 DI 10.2193/2006-048 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800010 ER PT J AU Inman, RM Costello, CM Jones, DE Inman, KH Thompson, BC Quigley, HB AF Inman, Robert M. Costello, Cecily M. Jones, Donald E. Inman, Kristine H. Thompson, Bruce C. Quigley, Howard B. TI Denning chronology and design of effective bear management units SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bear; chronology; den; harvest; hunting seasons; management units; New Mexico; Ursus americanus ID BLACK-BEARS AB Reports on the effectiveness of using late fall hunting seasons to reduce the proportion of female black bears (Ursus americanus) in the harvest are limited, and the geographic scale over which the technique functions as intended has not been examined. During 1992-2000, we radio-equipped black bears in New Mexico, USA, obtained estimates of 175 den entry and 137 den emergence dates, and used New Mexico Department of Game and Fish harvest data (1985-2000) to test for differences in proportion of females in the harvest relative to denning chronology. Bears in northern New Mexico entered dens earlier and emerged later than bears in southern New Mexico (P <= 0.001). In northern New Mexico bears displayed the typical pattern of earlier entry and later emergence by reproductive females, proportion of females in the harvest varied over time as expected, and late fall seasons were effective (P <= 0.10). In contrast, denning chronology did not differ by sex in southern New Mexico, proportion of females in the harvest did not change over time, and late fall seasons were not effective (P >= 0.18). Manipulation of hunting season dates to influence female mortality can be an effective tool, however our study provides an example of an area where denning chronology did not differ by sex and late seasons were not effective. We also observed regional differences in timing of entrance and emergence, which suggest that scale of application may be key. In management jurisdictions that encompass ecologically distinct areas, cover a wide range of latitudes, or are mountainous, successful use of the technique may depend on knowledge of denning chronology at multiple locations and appropriate designation of hunting unit boundaries, season dates, and data analysis units. C1 Hornocker Wildlife Inst, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Raton, NM 87749 USA. US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Inman, RM (reprint author), Hornocker Wildlife Inst, 2023 Stadium Dr 1A, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM binman@wcs.org NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1476 EP 1483 DI 10.2193/2006-252 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800012 ER PT J AU Boertje, RD Kellie, KA Seaton, CT Keech, MA Young, DD Dale, BW Adams, LG Aderman, AR AF Boertje, Rodney D. Kellie, Kalin A. Seaton, C. Tom Keech, Mark A. Young, Donald D. Dale, Bruce W. Adams, Layne G. Aderman, Andrew R. TI Ranking Alaska moose nutrition: Signals to begin liberal antlerless harvests SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Alces alces; body mass; browse; Game Management Unit 20A; harvest; moose; nutrition; reproduction; twinning ID SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; ALCES-ALCES; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; WEIGHT; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; PREGNANCY; RATES; SERUM AB We focused on describing low nutritional status in an increasing moose (Alces alces gigas) population with reduced predation in Game Management Unit (GMU) 20A near Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. A skeptical public disallowed liberal antlerless harvests of this moose population until we provided convincing data on low nutritional status. We ranked nutritional status in 15 Alaska moose populations (in boreal forests and coastal tundra) based on multiyear twinning rates. Data on age-of-first-reproduction and parturition rates provided a ranking consistent with twinning rates in the 6 areas where comparative data were available. Also, short-yearling mass provided a ranking consistent with twinning rates in 5 of the 6 areas where data were available. Data from 5 areas implied an inverse relationship between twinning rate and browse removal rate. Only in GMU 20A did nutritional indices reach low levels where justification for halting population growth was apparent, which supports prior findings that nutrition is a minor factor limiting most Alaska moose populations compared to predation. With predator reductions, the GMU 20A moose population increased from 1976 until liberal antlerless harvests in 2004. During 1997-2005, GMU 20A moose exhibited the lowest nutritional status reported to date for wild, noninsular, North American populations, including 1) delayed reproduction until moose reached 36 months of age and the lowest parturition rate among 36-month-old moose (29%, n = 147); 2) the lowest average multiyear twinning rates from late-May aerial surveys ((x) over bar = 7%, SE = 0.9%, n = 9 yr, range = 3-10%) and delayed twinning until moose reached 60 months of age; 3) the lowest average mass of female short-yearlings in Alaska ((x) over bar = 155 +/- 1.6 [SE] kg in the Tanana Flats subpopulation, up to 58 kg below average masses found elsewhere); and 4) high removal (42%) of current annual browse biomass compared to 9-26% elsewhere in boreal forests. When average multiyear twinning rates in GMU 20A (sampled during 1960-2005) declined to < 10% in the mid- to late 1990s, we began encouraging liberal antlerless harvests, but only conservative annual harvests of 61-76 antlerless moose were achieved during 1996-2001. Using data in the context of our broader ranking system, we convinced skeptical citizen advisory committees to allow liberal antlerless harvests of 600-690 moose in 2004 and 2005, with the objective of halting population growth of the 16,000-17,000 moose; total harvests were 7-8% of total prehunt numbers. The resulting liberal antlerless harvests served to protect the moose population's health and habitat and to fulfill a mandate for elevated yield. Liberal antlerless harvests appear justified to halt population growth when multiyear twinning rates average <= 10% and >= 1 of the following signals substantiate low nutritional status: < 50% of 36-month-old moose are parturient, average multiyear short-yearling mass is < 175 kg, or > 35% of annual browse biomass is removed by moose. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. RP Boertje, RD (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1800 Glenn Highway,Suite 4, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. EM rod_boertje@fishgame.state.ak.us OI Boertje, Rodney/0000-0001-9970-331X NR 51 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1494 EP 1506 DI 10.2193/2006-159 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800014 ER PT J AU Olexa, EM Gogan, PJP AF Olexa, Edward M. Gogan, Peter J. P. TI Spatial population structure of Yellowstone bison SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bison; Bison bison; cluster analysis; Greater Yellowstone Area; metapopulation; Montana; population structure; Wyoming; Yellowstone National Park ID CLUSTERING PROCEDURES; DIFFERENTIAL CORRECTION; DELINEATION; ALGORITHMS; ACCURACY; BEARS AB Increases in Yellowstone National Park, USA, bison (Bison bison) numbers and shifts in seasonal distribution have resulted in more frequent movements of bison beyond park boundaries and development of an interagency management plan for the Yellowstone bison population. Implementation of the plan under the adaptive management paradigm requires an understanding of the spatial and temporal structure of the population. We used polythetic agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis of radiolocations obtained from free-ranging bison to investigate seasonal movements and aggregations. We classified radiolocations into 4 periods: annual, peak rut (15 Jul-15 Sep), extended rut (1 Jun-31 Oct), and winter (1 Nov-31 May). We documented spatial separation of Yellowstone bison into 2 segments, the northern and central herds, during all periods. The estimated year-round exchange rate (4.95-5.83%) of instrumented bison varied with the fusion strategy employed. We did not observe exchange between the 2 segments during the peak rut and it varied during the extended rut (2.15-3.23%). We estimated a winter exchange of 4.85-7.77%. The outcome and effectiveness of management actions directed at Yellowstone bison may be affected by spatial segregation and herd affinity within the population. Reductions based on total population size, but not applied to the entire population, may adversely affect one herd while having little effect on the other. Similarly, management actions targeting a segment of the population may benefit from the spatial segregation exhibited. C1 Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Olexa, EM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM eolexa@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1531 EP 1538 DI 10.2193/2005-735 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800018 ER PT J AU McDonald, JE Clark, DE Woytek, WA AF McDonald, John E., Jr. Clark, Daniel E. Woytek, William A. TI Reduction and maintenance of a white-tailed deer herd in central Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE controlled hunts; management; Massachusetts; Odocoileus virginianus; population reconstruction; white-tailed deer ID DISPERSAL; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; LITTERFALL; MOVEMENT; WILDLIFE; RATES AB Controlled public hunts have been used in a variety of settings to reduce overabundant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herds. We present the results of a large-scale (160 km(2)) controlled hunt at Quabbin Reservation (QR) in central Massachusetts, USA. The QR was divided into 5 hunt zones. Hunting was initiated in each zone from 1991 to 1994 and continued through 2004. The management goal was to achieve posthunt deer densities of 4 deer/km(2). Initial estimated deer densities in each zone ranged from 11.4 deer/km(2) to 27.6 deer/km(2). The management goals were reached in each zone after 2-4 years of hunting. Posthunt populations were maintained at or below the goal even though total hunter effort was reduced. Hunters were not required to harvest antlerless deer, but antlerless deer comprised 55-83% of the harvest each year. We simulated the effects of 5 years without hunting on deer populations. The simulated deer population exceeded management goals after 2 years. Our results demonstrate that controlled public deer hunts can effectively reduce deer populations and maintain them at desired levels over large areas with minimal hunter restrictions. Managers should prepare stakeholders during the hunt planning process for the need to continue overall harvest rates of > 30% during the maintenance phase of a deer management program. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fed Assistance, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. Dept Conservat & Recreat, Div Watter Supply Protect, W Boylston, MA 01583 USA. Field Headquarters, Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP McDonald, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fed Assistance, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM john_e_mcdonald@fws.gov NR 42 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1585 EP 1593 DI 10.2193/2006-490 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800025 ER PT J AU Oyer, AM Mathews, NE Skuldt, LH AF Oyer, Anne M. Mathews, Nancy E. Skuldt, Lesa H. TI Long-distance movement of a white-tailed deer away from a chronic wasting disease area SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease (CWD); dispersal; exploratory; Illinois; long-distance; movement behavior; Odocoileus virginianus; white-tailed deer; Wisconsin ID MULE DEER; PRION TRANSMISSION; PATTERNS AB Chronic wasting disease is a fatal, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy found among cervids. Spread of the disease across the landscape is believed to result from movements (dispersal, exploratory, transient, or migratory) of infected deer, serving as the vectors for the disease. We document an unusual long-distance movement of a young female, out of the chronic wasting disease eradication zone in south-central Wisconsin. This type of movement could function as a rapid, long-distance dispersing mechanism for the disease only if the following conditions are met: the deer is infected and shedding prions, the deer directly contacts other deer and transmits secretions carrying an infectious dose of prions, or an infectious dose of prions is transmitted to the environment and taken up by other deer. Despite lower prevalence rates of chronic wasting disease among young deer, we believe managers should not dismiss deer making long-distance movements such as we report, as they could serve as potential long-distance vectors of the disease. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Gaylord Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Oyer, AM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3817 Luker Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM anne_oyer@fws.gov NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1635 EP 1638 DI 10.2193/2006-381 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800034 ER PT J AU Chipman, ED McIntyre, NE Ray, JD Wallace, MC Boal, CW AF Chipman, Erica D. McIntyre, Nancy E. Ray, James D. Wallace, Mark C. Boal, Clint W. TI Effects of radiotransmitter necklaces on behaviors of adult male western burrowing owls SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Athene cunicularia hypugaea; behavior; burrowing owl; radiotelemetry; Texas; transmitter attachment ID RADIO TRANSMITTERS; GRAY PARTRIDGE; SPOTTED OWLS; BLUE GROUSE; HABITAT USE; GAME BIRDS; SURVIVAL; SASKATCHEWAN; REPRODUCTION; DISPERSAL AB We studied the behavioral effects of necklace-style radiotransmitters on breeding male western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) in 2 areas of northwestern Texas, USA, in 2004 and 2005. We tested the hypothesis that transmittered owls would spend time interacting with their necklaces and as a result spend less time in vigilance and resting activities than would nontransmittered owls. Nontransmittered owls (n = 6) spent significantly more time being vigilant (P = 0.007) than did transmittered owls (n = 3) in 2004, who spent significant amounts of time interacting with their necklaces. In 2005, behaviors of transmittered owls (n = 8) were significantly different (P < 0.001) from control individuals (n = 4), but behaviors did not vary consistently by treatment period (prenecklace vs. necklace vs. postnecklace periods). Behavioral activity budgets varied considerably among individuals. Although the owls spent a significant amount of time interacting with their necklaces, they appeared to habituate to the presence of the transmitters within a relatively short period (< 1 week), and necklaces did not affect survivorship or fitness in the short-term. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. BWXT Pantex LLC, Amarillo, TX 79120 USA. RP Chipman, ED (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM nancy.mcintyre@ttu.edu RI Wallace, Mark/A-1263-2010; OI Ray, James/0000-0003-4558-4217 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1662 EP 1668 DI 10.2193/2006-335 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800038 ER PT J AU Boyarski, VL Rodda, GH Savidge, JA AF Boyarski, Valerie L. Rodda, Gordon H. Savidge, Julie A. TI Evaluation of harmonic direction-finding systems for detecting locomotor activity SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE activity; detection; harmonic direction finding; locomotion ID RADAR; MOVEMENT; FLIGHT; FIELD; LAND; FROG AB We conducted a physical simulation experiment to test the efficacy of harmonic direction finding for remotely detecting locomotor activity in animals. The ability to remotely detect movement helps to avoid disturbing natural movement behavior. Remote detection implies that the observer can sense only a change in signal bearing. In our simulated movements, small changes in bearing (< 5.7 degrees) were routinely undetectable. Detectability improved progressively with the size of the simulated animal movement. The average (+/- SD) of reflector tag movements correctly detected for 5 observers was 93.9 +/- 12.8% when the tag was moved >= 11.5 degrees; most observers correctly detected tag movements >= 20.1 degrees. Given our data, one can assess whether the technique will be effective for detecting movements at an observation distance appropriate for the study organism. We recommend that both habitat and behavior of the organism be taken into consideration when contemplating use of this technique for detecting locomotion. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Boyarski, VL (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, 2221 W Greenway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. EM vboyarski@yahoo.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1704 EP 1707 DI 10.2193/2006-396 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800044 ER PT J AU Tobias, CR Bohlke, JK Harvey, JW AF Tobias, Craig R. Bohlke, John Karl Harvey, Judson W. TI The oxygen-18 isotope approach for measuring aquatic metabolism in high-productivity waters SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; WHOLE-STREAM METABOLISM; OPEN-CHANNEL ESTIMATION; OXYGEN CHANGE TECHNIQUE; GROUNDWATER FLUX; STABLE-ISOTOPES; FRESH-WATER; FRACTIONATION; NITROGEN; MARINE AB We examined the utility of delta O-18(2) measurements in estimating gross primary production (P), community respiration (R), and net metabolism (P : R) through diel cycles in a productive agricultural stream located in the midwestern U. S. A. Large diel swings in O-2 (+/- 200 mu mol L-1) were accompanied by large diel variation in delta O-18(2) (+/- 10%(0)). Simultaneous gas transfer measurements and laboratory- derived isotopic fractionation factors for O-2 during respiration (alpha(r)) were used in conjunction with the diel monitoring of O2 and delta O-18(2) to calculate P, R, and P : R using three independent isotope- based methods. These estimates were compared to each other and against the traditional "open-channel diel O-2-change'' technique that lacked delta O-18(2). A principal advantage of the delta O-18(2) measurements was quantification of diel variation in R, which increased by up to 30% during the day, and the diel pattern in R was variable and not necessarily predictable from assumed temperature effects on R. The P, R, and P : R estimates calculated using the isotope- based approaches showed high sensitivity to the assumed system fractionation factor (alpha r). The optimum modeled ar values (0.986 - 0.989) were roughly consistent with the laboratory-derived values, but larger (i. e., less fractionation) than ar values typically reported for enzyme- limited respiration in open water environments. Because of large diel variation in O-2, P : R could not be estimated by directly applying the typical steady- state solution to the O2 and O-18-O-2 mass balance equations in the absence of gas transfer data. Instead, our results indicate that a modified steady- state solution (the daily mean value approach) could be used with time- averaged O-2 and delta O-18(2) measurements to calculate P : R independent of gas transfer. This approach was applicable under specifically defined, net heterotrophic conditions. The diel cycle of increasing daytime R and decreasing nighttime R was only partially explained by temperature variation, but could be consistent with the diel production/ consumption of labile dissolved organic carbon from photosynthesis. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA USA. RP Tobias, CR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Earth Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM tobiasc@uncw.edu RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 43 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1439 EP 1453 DI 10.4319/lo.2007.52.4.1439 PG 15 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 192QB UT WOS:000248215800014 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Yamazaki, H Tsujimoto, A Hirose, K AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Yamazaki, Hideo Tsujimoto, Akira Hirose, Kotaro TI The effect of long-term spatiotemporal variations in urbanization-induced eutrophication on a benthic ecosystem, Osaka Bay, Japan SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; SEDIMENT CORES; ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION; OSTRACODE ASSEMBLAGES; HISTORICAL TRENDS; HIROSHIMA BAY; MARINE; IMPACT; RECONSTRUCTION; FORAMINIFERS AB Detailed spatiotemporal patterns of the influence of urbanization-induced eutrophication on a metazoan benthic community in Osaka Bay were determined using sediment cores and fossil ostracode assemblages from the last 200 yr. Results suggest that total abundance of ostracodes increased in the middle part of the bay as a result of the increase of food supply by eutrophication. Conversely, abundance decreased in the inner bay, likely because of bottom-water hypoxia by eutrophication. The variation in species composition among sites within the bay may have decreased because of the effect of eutrophication, i.e., the dominance of species that prefer food-rich environments throughout all sites. These eutrophication-induced changes occurred around 1900 as a result of Japan's industrial revolution and around 1960 as a result of rapid urbanization, depending upon location. C1 Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Biol & Geosci, Osaka 5588585, Japan. Kinki Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Life Sci, Higashiosaka, Osaka 5778502, Japan. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 926A, Reston, VA USA. EM myasuhara@usgs.gov RI Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008 OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1633 EP 1644 DI 10.4319/lo.2007.52.4.1633 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 192QB UT WOS:000248215800030 ER PT J AU Olea, RA AF Olea, Ricardo A. TI Declustering of clustered preferential sampling for histogram and semivariogram inference SO MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cluster; preferential sampling; histogram; semivariogram ID WEIGHTS AB Measurements of attributes obtained more as a consequence of business ventures than sampling design frequently result in samplings that are preferential both in location and value, typically in the form of clusters along the pay. Preferential sampling requires preprocessing for the purpose of properly inferring characteristics of the parent population, such as the cumulative distribution and the semivariogram. Consideration of the distance to the nearest neighbor allows preparation of resampled sets that produce comparable results to those from previously proposed methods. A clustered sampling of size 140, taken from an exhaustive sampling, is employed to illustrate this approach. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Olea, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM olea@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0882-8121 J9 MATH GEOL JI Math. Geol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 39 IS 5 BP 453 EP 467 DI 10.1007/s11004-007-9108-6 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA 210ME UT WOS:000249459500002 ER PT J AU Tingay, RE Dawson, DA Pandhal, J Clarke, ML David, VA Hailer, F Culver, M AF Tingay, Ruth E. Dawson, Deborah A. Pandhal, Jagroop Clarke, Michele L. David, Victor A. Hailer, Frank Culver, Melanie TI Isolation of 22 new Haliaeetus microsatellite loci and their characterization in the critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) and three other Haliaeetus eagle species SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Accipitridae; cross-species utility; eagle; Falconiformes; Haliaeetus; microsatellite ID DNA AB We isolated a total of 22 microsatellite loci from two Haliaeetus species: the Madagascar fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) and the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Five loci were monomorphic in both the Madagascar fish-eagle (n = 24-43) and the bald eagle (n = 2-8) but were found to be polymorphic in other Haliaeetus species. Haliaeetus loci have proved useful for investigating gene flow in Haliaeetus and Aquila eagles. Ten loci were polymorphic in the critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle and will be used to investigate the genetic population structure and mating system in this species. C1 Nat Resources Ltd, Burn Obennie Rd, Banchory AB31 5ZU, Kincardine, Scotland. Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ Sheffield, Mol Genet Facil, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. NCI, Lab Genom Divers, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Tingay, RE (reprint author), Nat Resources Ltd, Burn Obennie Rd, Banchory AB31 5ZU, Kincardine, Scotland. EM dimlylit100@hotmail.com RI Hailer, Frank/C-9114-2012 OI Hailer, Frank/0000-0002-2340-1726 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 711 EP 715 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01690.x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 186DA UT WOS:000247758100048 ER PT J AU Higgins, A Serbesoff-King, K King, M O'Reilly-Doyle, K AF Higgins, Alison Serbesoff-King, Kristina King, Matthew O'Reilly-Doyle, Kathy TI The power of partnerships: Landscape scale conservation through public/private collaboration SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cooperative Weed Management Areas; incentives; invasive species; partnerships; private lands AB Invasive exotic plants know no boundaries. If public conservation lands' managers wish to achieve long-term success, it is critical for them to reach out and collaborate with all stakeholders, including private landowners. In Florida, many regions are exploring uncharted partnership territories with private landowners and experiencing great results, unexpected benefits, political backing, and unrivaled efficiencies. Pilot programs involving landowner outreach, creative funding, grant matches, ordinances, tax breaks, and voluntary certifications are popping up throughout the state, spearheaded by stakeholder groups. Whether working with small lot owners, large acreage farmers, or retail nurseries, it is happening in Florida, and could be applicable to your region. The ideas and energy are spreading like weeds. C1 Nature Conservancy, Sugarloaf Key, FL 33042 USA. Nature Conservancy, Hobe Sound, FL 33455 USA. Palm Beach Cty Environm Resource Management, W Palm Beach, FL 33411 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Naples, FL 34114 USA. RP Higgins, A (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 55 N Johnson Rd, Sugarloaf Key, FL 33042 USA. EM ahiggins@tnc.org NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 14 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 236 EP 250 DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2007)27[236:TPOPLS]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 189TH UT WOS:000248010900006 ER PT J AU Rodda, GH Savidge, JA AF Rodda, Gordon H. Savidge, Julie A. TI Biology and impacts of pacific island invasive species. 2. Boiga irregulatis, the Brown Tree Snake (Reptilia : Colubiridae) SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID DUVERNOY SECRETION; GUAM; BEHAVIOR; TREESNAKES; AUSTRALIA; LIZARDS; ACETAMINOPHEN; POPULATION; COLUBRIDAE; COURTSHIP AB The Brown Tree Snake, Boiga irregularis (Merrem, 1802), was accidentally transported to the island of Guam shortly after World War II. Over the following two decades it spread throughout the island with little public or professional recognition of its extent or impacts. This secretive nocturnal arboreal snake occurs in all habitats on Guam, from grasslands to forests. Under the right conditions, it is capable of high rates of reproduction and population growth. The Brown Tree Snake caused the extirpation of 13 of Guam's 22 native breeding birds and contributed to the extirpation of several species of native bats and lizards. Guam's 12 forest birds were especially impacted, with 10 species eliminated and the other two severely reduced. In addition, the snake continues to substantially impact domestic poultry, pets, the island's electrical power infrastructure, and human health. To protect other vulnerable Pacific islands, the U.S. government annually spends several million dollars inspecting cargo outbound from Guam to exclude Brown Tree Snakes. Cargo destinations most at risk are in Micronesia, especially the Northern Mariana Islands, but Guam also has direct air transportation links to Hawai'i that will soon be supplemented with direct ship traffic. Ultimately, all Pacific islands are at risk but especially those obtaining cargo through Guam. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rodda, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM gordon_rodda@usgs.gov NR 113 TC 32 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 76 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 61 IS 3 BP 307 EP 324 DI 10.2984/1534-6188(2007)61[307:BAIOPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 167AE UT WOS:000246422000001 ER PT J AU Folk, TH Holmes, RR Grand, JB AF Folk, Travis H. Holmes, Randall R. Grand, James B. TI Variation in northern bobwhite demography along two temporal scales SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colinus virginianus; elasticity analysis; life table response experiment; matrix population model; northern bobwhite; perturbation analysis; population dynamics ID TABLE RESPONSE EXPERIMENTS; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FITNESS; REDUCTION; SURVIVAL; PATTERNS; GROWTH; RATES AB Quantification and understanding of demographic variation across intra- and inter-annual temporal scales can benefit from the development of theoretical models of evolution and applied conservation of species. We used long-term survey data for northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected at the northern and southern extent of its geographic range to develop matrix population models which would allow investigation of intra- and inter-annual patterns in bobwhite population dynamics. We first evaluated intra-annual patterns in the importance of a seasonal demographic rate to asymptotic population growth rate with prospective perturbation analysis (elasticity analysis). We then conducted retrospective analysis (life table response experiments) of inter-annual patterns in the contribution of observed changes in demography to the observed change in population growth rate. Survival in the earliest age class during the nonbreeding season had the greatest potential influence in both the northern and southern populations. Examination of inter-annual variation in demography indicated that variation in nonbreeding season survival in the earliest age class contributed the most to observed changes in population growth rate in the northern population. In contrast, changes in fertility in the earliest age class in the southern population had the greatest influence on changes in population growth rate. Prospective elasticity analyses highlight the similarities in bobwhite demography throughout different parts of its geographic range, while retrospective life table response experiments revealed important patterns in the temporal differences of bobwhite life history at the northern and southern extent of its geographic range. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Sci & Math, Dept Math & Stat, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, USGS Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Folk, TH (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM folktra@gmail.com NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 EI 1438-390X J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s10144-007-0037-5 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 181JF UT WOS:000247432300004 ER PT J AU Gray, ST Graumlich, LJ Betancourt, JL AF Gray, Stephen T. Graumlich, Lisa J. Betancourt, Julio L. TI Annual precipitation in the Yellowstone National Park region since AD 1173 SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE drought; paleoclimate; tree rings; decadal to multidecadal variability; Greater Yellowstone Region; Rocky Mountains ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; DROUGHT VARIABILITY; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; TIME-SERIES; PACIFIC; OSCILLATION; DISTURBANCE; PATTERNS; ASPEN AB Cores and cross sections from 133 limber pine (Pinusflexilis James) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) at four sites were used to estimate annual (July to June) precipitation in the Yellowstone National Park region for the period from AD 1173 to 1998. Examination of the long-term record shows that the early 20th century was markedly wet compared to the previous 700 yr. Extreme wet and dry years within the instrumental period fall within the range of past variability, and the magnitude of the worst-case droughts of the 20th century (AD 1930s and 1950s) was likely equaled or exceeded on numerous occasions before AD 1900. Spectral analysis showed significant decadal to multidecadal precipitation variability. At times this lower frequency variability produces strong regime-like behavior in regional precipitation, with the potential for rapid, high-amplitude switching between predominately wet and predominately dry conditions. Over multiple time scales, strong Yellowstone region precipitation anomalies were almost always associated with spatially extensive events spanning various combinations of the central and southern U.S. Rockies, the northern U.S.-Southern Canadian Rockies and the Pacific Northwest. (c) 2007 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wyoming, Water Resources Data Syst, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Off Wyoming State Climatologist, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Gray, ST (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Water Resources Data Syst, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM stateclim@wrds.uwyo.edu RI Graumlich, Lisa/B-6830-2009; Graumlich, Lisa/A-1421-2012 OI Graumlich, Lisa/0000-0003-1239-1873 NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 68 IS 1 BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.02.002 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 187EN UT WOS:000247830300003 ER PT J AU de Fontaine, CS Kaufman, DS Anderson, RS Werner, A Waythomas, CF Brown, TA AF de Fontaine, Christian S. Kaufman, Darrell S. Anderson, R. Scott Werner, Al Waythomas, Christopher F. Brown, Thomas A. TI Late quaternary distal tephra-fall deposits in lacustrine sediments, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tephra; lacustrine sediment; volcanic ash; ash fall; tephrochronology; Late Quaternary; Cook Inlet; Alaska ID GREENLAND ICE CORE; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; UPPER COOK INLET; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; REDOUBT VOLCANO; AGE CALIBRATION; CLIMATE SYSTEM; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; RECORD; VARIABILITY AB Tephra-fall deposits from Cook Inlet volcanoes were detected in sediment cores from Tustumena and Paradox Lakes, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, using magnetic susceptibility and petrography. The ages of tephra layers were estimated using 21 C-14 ages on macrofossils. Tephras layers are typically fine, gray ash, 1-5 mm thick, and composed of varying proportions of glass shards, pumice, and glass-coated phenocrysts. Of the two lakes, Paradox Lake contained a higher frequency of tephra (0.8 tephra/100 yr; 109 over the 13,200-yr record). The unusually large number of tephra. in this lake relative to others previously studied in the area is attributed to the lake's physiography, sedimentology, and limnology. The frequency of ash fall was not constant through the Holocene. In Paradox Lake, tephra layers are absent between ca. 800-2200, 3800-4800, and 9000-10,300 cal yr BP, despite continuously layered lacustrine sediment. In contrast, between 5000 and 9000 cal yr BP, an average of 1.7 tephra layers are present per 100 yr. The peak period of tephra fall (7000-9000 cal yr BP; 2.6 tephra/100 yr) in Paradox Lake is consistent with the increase in volcanism between 7000 and 9000 yr ago recorded in the Greenland ice cores. (c) 2007 University of Washingston. All rights reserved. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Quaternary Sci Program, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Earth & Environm, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. US Geol Survey & Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kaufman, DS (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM darrell.kaufman@nau.edu RI Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008 OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 68 IS 1 BP 64 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.03.006 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 187EN UT WOS:000247830300008 ER PT J AU Turrin, BD Muffler, LJP Clynne, MA Champion, DE AF Turrin, Brent D. Muffler, L. J. Patrick Clynne, Michael A. Champion, Duane E. TI Robust 24 +/- 6 ka Ar-40/Ar-39 age of a low-potassium tholeiitic basalt in the Lassen region of NE California SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ar-40/Ar-39; basalt; tholeiite; low-potassium; plateau; isochron; Lassen; hat creek; Late Pleistocene ID CREEK; BEHAVIOR; SPECTRA AB Ar-40/Ar-39 ages on the Hat Creek Basalt (HCB) and stratigraphically related lava flows show that latest Pleistocene tholeiitic basalt with very low K2O can be dated reliably. The HCB underlies similar to 15 ka glacial gravel and overlies four andesite and basaltic andesite lava flows that yield Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of 38 +/- 7 ka (Cinder Butte; 1.65% K2O), 46 +/- 7 ka (Sugarloaf Peak; 1.85% KO), 67 +/- 4 ka (Little Potato Butte, 1.42% K2O) and 77 +/- 11 ka (Potato Butte; 1.62% K2O). Given these firm age brackets, we then dated the HCB directly. One sample (0. 19% K2O) clearly failed the criteria for plateau-age interpretation, but the inverse isochron age of 26 6 ka is seductively appealing. A second sample (0. 17% K2O) yielded concordant plateau, integrated (total fusion), and inverse isochron ages of 26 +/- 18, 30 +/- 20 and 24 +/- 6 ka, all within the time bracket determined by stratigraphic relations; the inverse isochron age of 24 6 ka is preferred. As with all isotopically determined ages, confidence in the results is significantly enhanced when additional constraints imposed by other isotopic ages within a stratigraphic context are taken into account. (c) 2007 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Muffler, LJP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pmuffler@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 68 IS 1 BP 96 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.02.004 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 187EN UT WOS:000247830300010 ER PT J AU Wilson, CJN Rhoades, DA Lanphere, MA Calvert, AT Houghton, BF Weaver, SD Cole, JW AF Wilson, C. J. N. Rhoades, D. A. Lanphere, M. A. Calvert, A. T. Houghton, B. F. Weaver, S. D. Cole, J. W. TI A multiple-approach radiometric age estimate for the Rotoiti and Earthquake Flat eruptions, New Zealand, with implications for the MIS 4/3 boundary SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; NORTHERN NEW-ZEALAND; WIDESPREAD ROTOEHU TEPHRA; MARINE TERRACE CHRONOLOGY; SEA-LEVEL; MAYOR-ISLAND; BRECCIA FORMATION; MAHIA PENINSULA; LAKE POUKAWA; U-TH AB Pyroclastic fall deposits of the paired Rotoiti and Earthquake Flat eruptions from the Taupo Volcanic Zone (New Zealand) combine to form a widespread isochronous horizon over much of northern New Zealand and the southwest Pacific. This horizon is important for correlating climatic and environmental changes during the Last Glacial period, but has been the subject of numerous disparate age estimates between 35.1 +/- 2.8 and 71 +/- 6 ka (all errors are 1 s.d.), obtained by a variety of techniques. A potassium-argon (K-Ar) age of 64 +/- 4 ka was previously determined on bracketing lavas Lit Mayor Island volcano, offshore from the Taupo Volcanic Zone. We present a new, more-precise (40)Ar/(39)Ar age determination on a lava flow on Mayor Island, that shortly post-dates the Rotoiti/Earthquake Flat fall deposits, of 58.5 +/- 1.1 ka. This value, coupled with existing ages from underlying lavas, yield a new estimate for the age of the combined eruptions of 61.0 +/- 1.4 ka. which is consistent with U-Th disequilibrium model-age data for zircons from the Rotoiti deposits. Direct (40)Ar/(39)Ar age determinations of plagioclase and biotite from the Rotoiti and Earthquake Flat eruption products yield variable values between 49.6 +/- 2.8 and 125.3 +/- 10.0 ka, with the scatter attributed to low radiogenic Ar yields, and/or alteration, and/or inheritance of xenocrystic material with inherited Ar. Rotoiti/Earthquake Flat fall deposits occur in New Zealand in association with palynological indicators of mild climate, attributed to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and thus used to suggest an age that is post-59 ka. The natures of the criteria used to define the MIS 4/3 boundary in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, however, imply that the new 61 ka age for the Rotoiti/Earthquake Flat eruption deposits will provide the inverse, namely, a more accurate isochronous marker for correlating diverse changes across the MIS 4/3 boundary in the southwest Pacific. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Auckland, SGGES, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Hawaii, SOEST, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Wilson, CJN (reprint author), Univ Auckland, SGGES, PB 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. EM cjn.wilson@auckland.ac.nz; d.rhoa-des@2ns.cri.nz; jelmal@earthlink.net; acalvert@usgs.gov; bhought@soest.hawaii.edu; steve.weaver@canterbury.ac.nz; jim.cole@canterbury.ac.nz RI Rhoades, David/D-6835-2011; Wilson, Colin/E-9457-2011 OI Wilson, Colin/0000-0001-7565-0743 NR 47 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 26 IS 13-14 BP 1861 EP 1870 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.04.017 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 207LS UT WOS:000249253200011 ER PT J AU Northcott, K Andersen, DC Cooper, DJ AF Northcott, Krista Andersen, Douglas C. Cooper, David J. TI The influence of river regulation and land use on floodplain forest regeneration in the semi-arid Upper Colorado River Basin, USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Fremont cottonwood; hydrologic alteration; land cover; Populus; recruitment; riparian; riverine woodland ID RIPARIAN COTTONWOODS; FREMONT COTTONWOOD; GREEN RIVER; ESTABLISHMENT; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; REGIMES; FLOWS AB Flow regulation effects on floodplain forests in the semi-arid western United States are moderately well understood, whereas effects associated with changes in floodplain land use are poorly documented. We mapped land cover patterns from recent aerial photos and applied a classification scheme to mainstem alluvial floodplains in 10 subjectively selected 4th order hydrologic units (subbasins) in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) in order to document land use patterns (floodplain development) and assess their effects on Fremont cottonwood forest (CF) regeneration. Three of the mainstem rivers were unregulated, five were moderately regulated and two were highly regulated. We classified polygons as Undeveloped (with two categories, including CF) and Developed (with five categories). We ground-truthed 501 randomly selected polygons (4-28% of the floodplain area in each subbasin) to verify classification accuracy and to search for cottonwood regeneration, defined as stands established since regulation began or 1950, whichever is most recent. From 40% to 95% of the floodplain area remained undeveloped, but only 19-70% of the floodplain area was classified as forest. Regeneration occupied a mean of 5% (range 1-17%) of the floodplain. The likelihood of the presence of regeneration in a polygon was reduced 65% by development and independently in a complex manner by flow regulation. Our analyses indicate that floodplain forests may be in jeopardy on both regulated and unregulated rivers and that information on historical forest extent is needed to better understand their current status in the UCRB. Conservation efforts need to be coordinated at a regional level and address the potentially adverse affects of both flow regulation and floodplain development. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Andersen, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Bureau Reclamat 86-68220,POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM doug_andersen@usgs.gov RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 23 IS 6 BP 565 EP 577 DI 10.1002/rra.1007 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 201YQ UT WOS:000248868900002 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, P Welch, AH Stollenwerk, KG McLaughlin, MJ Bundschuh, J Panaullah, G AF Bhattacharya, Prosun Welch, Alan H. Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. McLaughlin, Mike J. Bundschuh, Jochen Panaullah, G. TI Arsenic in the environment: Biology and Chemistry SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE arsenic; contamination; pollution; groundwater; tubewell screening; field test kit; health; safe aquifers; agriculture; soils; mining environment; phytoremediation; sorption; remediation ID MESQUITE PROSOPIS SPP.; MONOMETHYLARSONOUS ACID MMA(III); LAND-OCEAN INTERACTION; NATURAL RED EARTH; FIELD-TEST KITS; DRINKING-WATER; ALLUVIAL AQUIFERS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; TRACE-METALS; NORTH-SEA AB Arsenic (As) distribution and toxicology in the environment is a serious issue, with millions of individuals worldwide being affected by As toxicosis. Sources of As contamination are both natural and anthropogenic and the scale of contamination ranges from local to regional. There are many areas of research that are being actively pursued to address the As contamination problem. These include new methods of screening for As in the field, determining the epidemiology of As in humans, and identifying the risk of As uptake in agriculture. Remediation of As-affected water supplies is important and research includes assessing natural remediation potential as well as phytoremediation. Another area of active research is on the microbially mediated biogeochemical interactions of As in the environment. In 2005, a conference was convened to bring together scientists involved in many of the different areas of As research. In this paper, we present a synthesis of the As issues in the light of long-standing research and with regards to the new findings presented at this conference. This contribution provides a backdrop to the issues raised at the conference together with an overview of contemporary and historical issues of As contamination and health impacts. Crown Copyright (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Royal Inst Technol, Dept Land & Water Resources Engn, KTH Int Groundwater Arsen Res Grp, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Adelaide, CSIRO Land & Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. GTZ BA Germany, Int Tech Coopert Programme CIM, ICE, PySA, San Jose 1000, Costa Rica. CIMMYT, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. RP Bhattacharya, P (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Dept Land & Water Resources Engn, KTH Int Groundwater Arsen Res Grp, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM prosun@kth.se RI McLaughlin, Mike/F-2931-2010; Bhattacharya, Prosun/B-1564-2010; OI McLaughlin, Mike/0000-0001-6796-4144; Bhattacharya, Prosun/0000-0003-4350-9950; Bundschuh, Jochen/0000-0002-4900-5633 NR 123 TC 192 Z9 205 U1 15 U2 121 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 2-3 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.02.037 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180HW UT WOS:000247354700001 PM 17434206 ER PT J AU Stollenwerk, KG Breit, GN Welch, AH Yount, JC Whitney, JW Foster, AL Uddin, MN Majumder, RK Ahmed, N AF Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. Breit, George N. Welch, Alan H. Yount, James C. Whitney, John W. Foster, Andrea L. Uddin, M. Nehal Majumder, Ratan K. Ahmed, Nasir TI Arsenic attenuation by oxidized aquifer sediments in Bangladesh SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE arsenic; adsorption; modeling; groundwater; Bangladesh; natural remediation ID BENGAL BASIN; WEST-BENGAL; COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; REDUCING CONDITIONS; CLAY-MINERALS; GROUNDWATER; OXIDATION; MOBILIZATION; GOETHITE; INDIA AB Recognition of arsenic (As) contamination of shallow fluvio-deltaic aquifers in the Bengal Basin has resulted in increasing exploitation of groundwater from deeper aquifers that generally contain low concentrations of dissolved As. Pumping-induced infiltration of high-As groundwater could eventually cause As concentrations in these aquifers to increase. This study investigates the adsorption capacity for As of sediment from a low-As aquifer near Dhaka, Bangladesh. A shallow, chemically-reducing aquifer at this site extends to a depth of 50 m and has maximum As concentrations in groundwater of 900 mu g/L. At depths greater than 50 m, geochemical conditions are more oxidizing and groundwater has <5 mu g/L As. There is no thick layer of clay at this site to inhibit vertical transport of groundwater. Arsenite [As(III)] is the dominant oxidation state in contaminated groundwater; however, data from laboratory batch experiments show that As(III) is oxidized to arsenate [As(V)] by manganese (Mn) minerals that are present in the oxidized sediment. Thus, the long-term viability of the deeper aquifers as a source of water supply is likely to depend on As(V) adsorption. The adsorption capacity of these sediments is a function of the oxidation state of As and the concentration of other solutes that compete for adsorption sites. Arsenite that was not oxidized did adsorb, but to a much lesser extent than As(V). Phosphate (P) caused a substantial decrease in As(V) adsorption. Increasing pH and concentrations of silica (Si) had lesser effects on As(V) adsorption. The effect of bicarbonate (HCO(3)) On As(V) adsorption was negligible. Equilibrium constants for adsorption of As(V), As(III), P, Si, HCO(3), and H were determined from the experimental data and a quantitative model developed. Oxidation of As(III) was modeled with a first-order rate constant. This model was used to successfully simulate As(V) adsorption in the presence of multiple competing solutes. Results from these experiments show that oxidized sediments have a substantial but limited capacity for removal of As from groundwater. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Geol Survey Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Atom Energy Commiss, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Stollenwerk, KG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 413,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM kgstolle@usgs.gov NR 92 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 2-3 BP 133 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.029 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180HW UT WOS:000247354700003 PM 17250876 ER PT J AU Gulkan, R Ceken, U Colakoglu, Z Ugras, T Kuru, T Apak, A Anderson, JG Sucuoglu, H Celebi, M Akkar, DS Yazgan, U Denizlioglu, AZ AF Gulkan, P. Ceken, U. Colakoglu, Z. Ugras, T. Kuru, T. Apak, A. Anderson, J. G. Sucuoglu, H. Celebi, M. Akkar, D. S. Yazgan, U. Denizlioglu, A. Z. TI Enhancement of the national strong-motion network in Turkey SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKES AB Two arrays comprising 20 strong-motion sensors were established in western Turkey. The 14 stations of BYTNet follow a N-S trending line about 65 km in length, normal to strands of the North Anatolian fault that runs between the cities of Bursa and Yalova. Here the dominant character of the potential fault movement is a right-lateral transform slip. The DATNet array, comprising a total of eight stations, is arranged along a 110-km-long E-W trending direction along the Menderes River valley between Denizli and Aydin. (Two stations in this array were incorporated from the existing Turkish national strong-motion network.) This is an extensional tectonic environment, and the network monitors potential large normal-faulting earthquakes on the faults in the valley. The installation of the arrays was supported by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) under its Science for Peace Program. Maintenance and calibration is performed by the General Directorate of Disaster Affairs (GDDA) according to a protocol between Middle East Technical University (METU) and GDDA. Many young engineers and scientists have been trained in network operation and evaluation during the course of the project, and an international workshop dealing with strong-motion instrumentation has been organized as part of the project activities. C1 Middle E Tech Univ, Disaster Management Res Ctr, Dept Civil Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. Gen Directorate Disaster Affairs, Div Earthquake Res, Ankara, Turkey. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Gulkan, R (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Disaster Management Res Ctr, Dept Civil Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. EM pgulkan@ce.metu.edu.tr RI Sucuoglu, Haluk/J-3654-2016 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 78 IS 4 BP 429 EP 438 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 187GI UT WOS:000247835200004 ER PT J AU Benjamin, JR Dunham, JB Dare, MR AF Benjamin, Joseph R. Dunham, Jason B. Dare, Matfhew R. TI Invasion by nonnative brook trout in panther creek, Idaho: Roles of local habitat quality, biotic resistance, and connectivity to source habitats SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NATIVE CUTTHROAT TROUT; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; STREAM FISHES; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; WATER TEMPERATURE; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; FRESH-WATER; INCUBATION AB Theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that the invasion of normative species in freshwaters is facilitated through the interaction of three factors: habitat quality, biotic resistance, and connectivity. We measured variables that represented each factor to determine which were associated with the occurrence of normative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Panther Creek, a tributary to the Salmon River, Idaho. Habitat variables included measures of summer and winter temperature, instream cover, and channel size. The abundance of native rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss within sampled sites was used as a measure of biotic resistance. We also considered the connectivity of sample sites to unconfined valley bottoms, which were considered habitats that may serve as sources for the spread of established populations of brook trout. We analyzed the occurrence of small (< 150-mm [fork length]) and large (>= 150-mm) brook trout separately, assuming that the former represents an established invasion while accounting for the higher potential mobility of the latter. The occurrence of small brook trout was strongly associated with the proximity of sites to large, unconstrained valley bottoms, providing evidence that such habitats may serve as sources for the spread of brook trout invasion. Within sites, winter degree-days and maximum summer temperature were positively associated with the occurrence of small brook trout. The occurrence of large brook trout was not related to any of the variables considered, perhaps due to the difficulty of linking site-specific habitat factors to larger and more mobile individuals. The abundance of rainbow trout was not conclusively associated with the occurrence of either small or large brook trout, providing little support for the role of biotic resistance. Overall, our results suggest that source connectivity and local habitat characteristics, but not biotic resistance, influence the establishment and spread of normative brook trout populations. Further work is needed to confirm that the patterns observed here are relevant to other localities where brook trout have invaded and to understand the mechanisms contributing to the invasion process. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Boise, ID 83725 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Benjamin, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM benjjose@isu.edu NR 83 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 136 IS 4 BP 875 EP 888 DI 10.1577/T06-115.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 192LO UT WOS:000248203500001 ER PT J AU Flannery, BG Wenburg, JK Gharrett, AJ AF Flannery, Blair G. Wenburg, John K. Gharrett, Anthony J. TI Evolution of mitochondrial DNA variation within and among yukon river chum salmon populations SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS; COHO SALMON; GENE TREES; HAPLOTYPES; CONSERVATION; SEQUENCE; LINEAGES AB We surveyed seven regions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome for restriction site variation to investigate the evolution of genetic variability in chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta from the Yukon River. Chum salmon from other Alaska regions were also analyzed to provide context for mtDNA variation. No divergence was observed in mtDNA haplotype frequency distributions among Yukon River populations, but divergence was observed across Alaska. The haplotype genealogy identified two lineages, and nested clade analysis revealed significant relationships between the geographical distribution of haplotypes and their genealogy for a two-step clade (which predominates in the Yukon River), a three-step clade, and for the total cladograrn. The demographic signal detected for the two-step clade was consistent with isolation by distance, whereas contiguous range expansion was identified for the three-step clade and the total cladogram. The absence of signals of historical fragmentation suggests that incomplete lineage sorting is responsible for paraphyly within the Yukon River. Mismatch analysis reveals either that an ancestral Yukon River population underwent a post-Pleistocene expansion followed by subdivision or that expansion and subdivision coincided. Although restriction site analysis of mtDNA is of limited use for Yukon River chum salmon fishery management applications (e.g., mixed-stock analysis), it is useful for separating population history from contemporary processes and aids our understanding of Yukon River chum salmon evolution. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Flannery, BG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM blair_flannery@fws.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 136 IS 4 BP 902 EP 910 DI 10.1577/T06-141.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 192LO UT WOS:000248203500003 ER PT J AU Flannery, BG Wenburg, JK Gharrett, AJ AF Flannery, Blair G. Wenburg, John K. Gharrett, Anthony J. TI Variation of amplified fragment length polymorphisms in yukon river chum salmon: Population structure and application to mixed-stock analysis SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; WESTERN ALASKA; AFLP MARKERS; COHO SALMON; COOK INLET; IDENTIFICATION; DNA AB The population structure of fall-run Yukon River chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta has been studied previously using allozyme, microsatellite, and mitochondrial markers. However, genetically similar populations from tributaries near the U.S.-Canadian border render mixed-stock analyses (MSAs) difficult in the fisheries from lower portions of the Yukon River; MSA simulation apportionment estimates are less than 90% accurate for the border region divided by country of origin. To increase the accuracy and precision of contribution estimates to harvests in the Yukon River and to improve our understanding of the population structure of fallrun chum salmon, we investigated the variation of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Our results show that Yukon River chum salmon populations are structured by both seasonal race and geographic region. As expected, the MSA is most successful when mixtures are allocated to geographic regions. Both AFLP and microsatellites have better than 80% apportionment accuracy in MSA simulations for the U.S. and Canadian border regions, but neither approach clearly or consistently outperforms the other. In general, the population structure resolved by AFLP is similar to that observed for other genetic markers. Relatively weak population divergence, rather than shortcomings of the previously studied genetic marker systems, appears to be the limiting factor in attaining high levels of accuracy and precision in MSA. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Flannery, BG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM blair_flannery@fws.gov NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 136 IS 4 BP 911 EP 925 DI 10.1577/T06-145.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 192LO UT WOS:000248203500004 ER PT J AU Williams, I Reeves, GH Graziano, SL Nielsen, JL AF Williams, Ian Reeves, Gordon H. Graziano, Sara L. Nielsen, Jennifer L. TI Genetic investigation of natural hybridization between rainbow and coastal cutthroat trout in the copper river Delta, Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-LEWISI; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ATLANTIC SALMON; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HYBRID ZONES; LIFE-HISTORY; ASYMMETRIC HYBRIDIZATION AB Molecular genetic methods were used to quantify natural hybridization between rainbow trout Oncorhynchus inykiss or steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout) and coastal cutthroat trout O. clarkii clarkii collected in the Copper River delta, Southeast Alaska. Eleven locations were sampled to determine the extent of hybridization and the distribution of hybrids. Four diagnostic nuclear microsatellite loci and four speciesspecific simple sequence repeat markers were used in combination with restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of NADH dehydrogenase 5/6 (ND5/6) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to investigate the genetic structure of trout from both species and identify putative interspecific hybrids. Hybrids were found in 7 of the I I streams sampled in the Copper River delta, the extent of hybridization across all streams varying from 0% to 58%. Hybrid trout distribution appeared to be nonrandom, most individuals of mixed taxonomic ancestry being detected in streams containing rainbow trout rather than in streams containing coastal cutthroat trout. Genotypic disequilibrium was observed among microsatellite loci in populations with high levels of hybridization. We found no significant correlation between unique stream channel process groups and the number of hybrid fish sampled. Eighty-eight percent of fish identified as first-generation hybrids (F(1)) in two populations contained coastal cutthroat trout mtDNA, suggesting directionality in hybridization. However, dominance of coastal cutthroat trout mtDNA was not observed at a third location containing F(1) hybrids, indicating that interspecific mating behavior varied among locations. Backcrossed individuals were found in drainages lacking F(1) hybrids and in populations previously thought to contain a single species. The extent and distribution of backcrossed individuals suggested that at least some hybrids are reproductively viable and backcrossed hybrid offspring move throughout the system. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Nielsen, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jennifer-nielsen@usgs.gov NR 127 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 136 IS 4 BP 926 EP 942 DI 10.1577/T06-214.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 192LO UT WOS:000248203500005 ER PT J AU Shea, CP Peterson, JT AF Shea, Colin P. Peterson, James T. TI An evaluation of the relative influence of habitat complexity and habitat stability on. fish assemblage structure in unregulated and regulated reaches of a large southeastern warmwater stream SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ANIMAL COMMUNITIES; OZARK STREAM/; CHANNEL UNITS; FLOW; RIVER; DISTURBANCE; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; RECOVERY AB River regulation and development are the foremost problems threatening lotic fishes and other aquatic biota in the United States. The operation of hydroelectric facilities can influence both habitat availability and environmental stability in downstream reaches. We evaluated the relative influence of habitat complexity and environmental stability on fish assemblage structure at unregulated and hydropower-regulated reaches of the Flint River in southwestern Georgia. The availability of different habitat types was highly variable at the regulated reach owing to large, daily fluctuations in discharge. Habitat-specific fish assemblages also differed between reaches, as a greater number of species occupied identical habitat types at the unregulated reach, most notably in shallow, slow-flowing habitats. Differences in fish assemblage structure between study reaches in comparable habitat types were explained equally well by patterns of habitat structure and variability. Within-reach patterns of fish assemblage structure were best explained by patterns of habitat structure at both study reaches. However, the relative influence of habitat complexity and habitat stability differed within each study reach, habitat variability influencing fish assemblage structure to a greater extent at the regulated reach than at the unregulated reach. These differences suggest that both habitat structure and variability influence Flint River fish assemblages and that flow regulation associated with hydropower operation primarily affects riverine fish communities by increasing environmental variability. Thus, flow management plans for regulated rivers based on minimum flows may be most effective when implemented in conjunction with plans that reduce the spatial and temporal variability of habitat availability, particularly in shallow, slow-flowing habitats. C1 Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM peterson@wamell.uga.edu NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 136 IS 4 BP 943 EP 958 DI 10.1577/T06-165.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 192LO UT WOS:000248203500006 ER PT J AU Bell, E Duffy, WG AF Bell, Ethan Duffy, Walter G. TI Previously undocumented two-year freshwater residency of juvenile coho salmon in prairie creek, California SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ATLANTIC SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CARNATION CREEK; OCEAN GROWTH; SIZE; SURVIVAL; IMPACTS AB Over 2,000 juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch were tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags during the fall of 1998 and 1999 in Prairie Creek, California, as part of a study on individual winter growth rates and movement of juvenile coho salmon. During this study, age-2 out-migrants were incidentally observed. Previously, it had been generally assumed that all juvenile coho salmon in northern California streams spend only 1 year in freshwater before out-migrating at age 1 and that a 2-year freshwater life history pattern was found only in the more northerly portions of the species' range. Subsequently, scale analysis of PITtagged fish recaptured during spring out-migration was used as a basis for estimating the proportion of out-migrants displaying a 1- or 2-year freshwater residency life history. Twenty-eight percent (28%) of out-migrants captured in spring 2000 displayed a 2-year freshwater residency life history, apparently related to low winter growth rates documented in related research in the study stream. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Fisheries Biol Dept, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Bell, E (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Fisheries Biol Dept, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM etha-n@stillwatersci.com NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 136 IS 4 BP 966 EP 970 DI 10.1577/T06-061.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 192LO UT WOS:000248203500008 ER PT J AU Roberts, JH Angermeier, PL AF Roberts, James H. Angermeier, Paul L. TI Movement responses of stream fishes to introduced corridors of complex cover SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT USE; ETHEOSTOMA-FLABELLARE; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; TROUT POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION RISK; RIVER DRAINAGE; WOODY DEBRIS; PREDATION; ECOLOGY; FRAGMENTATION AB Although the efficacy arid design of terrestrial movement corridors have received considerable attention, the potential role of corridors in connecting stream habitats has not. We studied the movements of three benthic species of fish, fantail darters Etheostoma flabellare, riverweed darters E. podostemone, and Roanoke darters Percina roanoka, among suitable mesohabitat patches (i.e., riffles) through adjacent, less suitable pools in the South Fork Roanoke River, Virginia. We constructed movement corridors of overhead cover in four pools and compared rates of movement through these pools with those through four control pools without corridors. Movement rates were significantly greater through pools with corridors than through control pools for riverweed and Roanoke darters but equivalent through connected and unconnected pools for fantail darters. Interspecific differences in microhabitat use may have been responsible for the observed variability in corridor effects. Our results suggest that intact movement corridors can enhance the persistence of stream fish populations by connecting patchily distributed favorable habitats but that the characteristics of functional corridors may vary, even between closely related species. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Roberts, JH (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM daneil@vt.edu NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 136 IS 4 BP 971 EP 978 DI 10.1577/T06-215.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 192LO UT WOS:000248203500009 ER PT J AU Young, SP Isely, JJ AF Young, Shawn P. Isely, J. Jeffery TI Diel behavior of adult striped bass using tailwater habitat as summer refuge SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; EXPERIMENTAL HYDROPEAKING; WATER-QUALITY; SITE FIDELITY; TEMPERATURE; RESERVOIR; PATTERNS; NEWFOUNDLAND; IMPOUNDMENT; MOVEMENT AB General patterns of summer diel distribution and movement were identified for adult striped bass Morone saxatilis using tailwater habitat influenced by the diel operation cycle of a hydroelectric dam during the summers of 2003 and 2004. Striped bass distribution within the tailwater was similar during each diel-tracking event and across both summers. The majority of fish remained within the tailwater the entire summer; however, some made periodic excursions to and from the tailwater throughout the summer. Further, most striped bass were located within 0.5 kin of Richard B. Russell Dam during all stages of operation on all occasions-probably because of the constant availability of optimal habitat during all three stages of operation on all diel-tracking events. The diel cycle of dam operation, which included pumped storage during each summer, did not degrade tailwater habitat below optimal conditions, according to summer habitat suitability index values for inland adult striped bass. Movement was significantly higher during hydroelectric generation operations than during no-generation and pumped storage periods in summer 2003; this difference was not apparent during summer 2004. Mean absolute movement peaked during hydroelectric generation on six of eight diel-tracking events. During both summers, movement was directed up-reservoir during no-generation and generation periods and down-reservoir during pumped storage. Mean total daily movement rates ranged from 0.59 to 4.04 km/d and were greater than those previously estimated from bimonthly sampling for this population. Total daily movement rate peaked during the first tracking event each summer and then declined as summer progressed. These findings suggest that hydroelectric discharges affect adult striped bass behavior, but the effects are not adverse as long as habitat is not degraded by hydroelectric facility operations. C1 Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Isely, JJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jisely@clemson.edu NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1104 EP 1112 DI 10.1577/T06-183.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 192LO UT WOS:000248203500021 ER PT J AU Stauffer, JR Kocovsky, PM AF Stauffer, Jay R., Jr. Kocovsky, Patrick M. TI Exploring links between systematics and fisheries management SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB We argue that the sustainable management of fisheries resources depends on an understanding of the taxonomy and systematics of fish. Toward this end, it is necessary for fisheries managers to understand and apply the various species concepts that have been developed by taxonomists and evolutionary biologists and to decide, based on a philosophical position, what is necessary and sufficient for a taxon to be recognized as a distinct species. If species are viewed as ontological individuals and as such exist in nature, then it makes sense for managers to develop strategies to sustain and manipulate given populations to achieve management goals. In this series of papers, the authors explore species concepts with respect to fish and demonstrate the value of understanding species concepts, systematics, and taxonomy in addressing modem fisheries management problems. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Stauffer, JR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 420 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM vc5@psu.edu NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1122 EP 1125 DI 10.1577/T06-166.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 192LO UT WOS:000248203500023 ER PT J AU Fleskes, JP Yee, JL AF Fleskes, Joseph P. Yee, Julie L. TI Waterfowl distribution and abundance during spring migration in southern Oregon and northeastern California SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE waterfowl; spring migration; Klamath; Great Basin; Northern Pintail; Anas acuta ID VALLEY AB We used aerial surveys to study abundance and distribution of waterfowl (dncks, geese, swans, and coots) during spring in southern Oregon and northeastern California (SONEC). Total waterfowl-use days in SONIC during the 119-day, 5 January-3 May, spring period was similar during 2002 (127,977,700) and 2003 (128,076,200) and averaged 1,075,900 birds per day (bpd); these estimates should be adjusted upward 4%-10% to account for areas not surveyed. W (Waterfowl abundance peaked in mid-Match in both years: 2,095,7110 in 2002 and 1,681,700 in 2003. Northern Pintail (Anus acuta) was the most abundant species in both years, accounting for 25.6% of the 2002 and 24.5% of the 2003 waterfowl-use days. Pintail abundance peaked during the 13 March survey at 689,300 in 2002 and 532,100 in 2003. All other dabbling ducks accounted for 27.6% and 28.6%, diving clucks for 13.5% and 9.2%, geese for 24.6% and 29.3%, swans for 2.8% and 1.9%, and coots for 5.8% and 6.4% of the spring waterfowl-use days in SONEC during 2002 and 2003, respectively. Although use days clanged little for total waterfowl (+0.08%) and dabbling ducks (-0.1%), diving cluck use; was lower (-32%), and goose use days were greater (+19%) in 2003 than in 2002. Distribution was similar in both years, with the most waterfowl use in the Lower (66%) and Upper (14%) Klamath subregions; 2%-6% occurred in each of the other subregions. Although the Lower Klamath subregion received the greatest overall waterfowl use, distribution among subregions varied among species and surveys, and all subregions were important during some part of the spring for 1 or more species. Peak spring abundance; in SONEC during 2002 and 2003 averaged 50.3% of the midwinter abundance in California (all survey regions) and southern Oregon (69-3 survey region) for all waterfowl, 46.1% for dabbling chicks, 62.4% for diving ducks, 68.8% for geese, (109.4% for swans, and 43.8% for coots. Each spring, 75% of all waterfowl use in SONEC occurred oil federal, state, or Nature Conserv,ancy lands (i.e., protected areas). On protected areas there was a higher percentage of dabbling ducks (80.5%), geese (70..5%), and coots (81.5%) than diving clucks (60.4%) and swans (49%). Waterfowl use of Klamath Basin National Wildlife; Refuge (NWB) averaged 42% greater (faring spring 2002-2003 (568,500 bpd) than during 1998-2001 (Gilmer et al. 2004). Numerons factors likely impacted magnitude and distribution of waterfowl use of SONEC during spring, including weather, waterfowl populations, SONEC habitat, and species ecology. SONEC is a critical spring staging area for waterfowl that winter in the Central Valley of California and other Pacific Flyway regions and should be a major focus area for waterfowl-habitat conservation efforts. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Fleskes, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM joe_fleskes@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2007 VL 67 IS 3 BP 409 EP 428 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[409:WDAADS]2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 220MU UT WOS:000250161600010 ER PT J AU Brown, LR May, JT AF Brown, Larry R. May, Jason T. TI Aquatic vertebrate assemblages of the Upper Clear Creek Watershed, California SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Clear Creek; California; Whiskeytown National Recreation Area; biodiversity; fish communities; amphibians; Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion ID FISH COMMUNITIES; NONNATIVE FISH; NATIVE FISHES; CONSERVATION; RIVER; BIODIVERSITY; HERPETOFAUNA; DECLINE; VALLEY; FROG AB We sampled streams in the Upper Clear Creek Watershed in northwestern California in Fill 20111 and fall 2005 to document assemblages of aquatic vertebrates and to provide resource managers with information on the importance of these assemblages in tennis of regional biodiversity We used single-pass backpack electrofishing to sample 15 sites in fall 2004 and the same 1.5 sites plus 4 new sites in fall 2005. We captured 10 fish taxa and 2 species of larval amphibians. Seven of the fish taxi were native species. Of the exotic species, only brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) occurred at more titan 1 site. Ordinations by nonmetric multidimensional scaling indicated a gradient froze sites with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Pacific giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus), and tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) to sites dominated by riffle sculpin (Cottus gulosus), California roach (Hesperoleucas symmetricus), and Sacramento sucker (Catostomus occidentalis). The gradient in species composition was associated with changes in elevation, gradient, discharge, and substrate. The Upper Clear Creek Watershed represents a unique area of overlap between the North Coast California amphibian fauna and the Central Valley fish fauna with a notable paucity of exotic fishes and amphibians. Preservation of the integrity of native aquatic assemblages is an important goal for aquatic resource management in the region; our results provide a critcial baseline to gauge future management actions. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Brown, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM lrbrown@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2007 VL 67 IS 3 BP 439 EP 451 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[439:AVAOTU]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 220MU UT WOS:000250161600012 ER PT J AU Wagener, T Weiler, M McGlynn, B Gooseff, M Meixner, T Marshall, L McGuire, K McHale, M AF Wagener, Thorsten Weiler, Markus McGlynn, Brian Gooseff, Mike Meixner, Tom Marshall, Lucy McGuire, Kevin McHale, Mike TI Taking the pulse of hydrology education SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Wagener, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Sackett Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM thorsten@engr.psu.edu RI Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; Wagener, Thorsten/C-2062-2008; McGlynn, Brian/A-2509-2008; Weiler, Markus/F-5584-2011; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI Wagener, Thorsten/0000-0003-3881-5849; McGlynn, Brian/0000-0001-5266-4894; Weiler, Markus/0000-0001-6245-6917; McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956; Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 30 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 13 BP 1789 EP 1792 DI 10.1002/hyp.6766 PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 188CF UT WOS:000247895600012 ER PT J AU Comiti, F Mao, L Wilcox, A Wohl, EE Lenzi, MA AF Comiti, Francesco Mao, Luca Wilcox, Andrew Wohl, Ellen E. Lenzi, Mario A. TI Field-derived relationships for flow velocity and resistance in high-gradient streams SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE step-pool; flow resistance; steep channels; salt tracers; mountain rivers ID STEP-POOL STREAMS; HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY; MOUNTAIN RIVERS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; WOODY DEBRIS; BED STREAMS; RIO CORDON; CHANNEL; GRAVEL AB We measured velocity and channel geometry in 10 reaches (bed gradient = 0.08-0.21) of a predominantly step-pool channel, the Rio Cordon, Italy, over a range of discharges (3-80% of the bankfull discharge). The resulting data were used to compute flow resistance. At-a-station hydraulic geometry relations indicate that in most reaches, the exponent describing the rate of velocity increases with discharge was between 0.48 and 0.6, which is within the range of published values for pool-riffle channels. The Rio Cordon data are also combined with published hydraulics data from step-pool streams to explore non-dimensional. relationships between velocity and flow resistance and factors including unit discharge, channel gradient, and step geometry. Multiple regression analysis of this combined field dataset indicated that dimensionless unit discharge (q*) is the most important independent variable overall in explaining variations in velocity and flow resistance, followed by channel slope and the ratio of step height to step length. Empirical equations are provided both for dimensionless velocity and flow resistance, but prediction of the former variable appears more reliable. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Padua, Dept Land & Agro Forest Environm, Agripolis, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Comiti, F (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Land & Agro Forest Environm, Agripolis, Viale Univ 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. EM francesco.comiti@unipd.it RI Mao, Luca/C-6866-2012; OI Mao, Luca/0000-0001-8619-5221; Wilcox, Andrew C./0000-0002-6241-8977 NR 60 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 30 PY 2007 VL 340 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.03.021 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 185IH UT WOS:000247704100005 ER PT J AU Ching, KE Rau, RJ Zeng, YH AF Ching, Kuo-En Rau, Ruey-Juin Zeng, Yuehua TI Coseismic source model of the 2003 M-w 6.8 Chengkung earthquake, Taiwan, determined from GPS measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID 1999 CHI-CHI; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; EASTERN TAIWAN; LONGITUDINAL VALLEY; SEISMIC CYCLE; SILENT SLIP; NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; DISLOCATION MODEL AB [1] A coseismic source model of the 2003 M-w 6.8 Chengkung, Taiwan, earthquake was well determined with 213 GPS stations, providing a unique opportunity to study the characteristics of coseismic displacements of a high-angle buried reverse fault. Horizontal coseismic displacements show fault-normal shortening across the fault trace. Displacements on the hanging wall reveal fault-parallel and fault-normal lengthening. The largest horizontal and vertical GPS displacements reached 153 and 302 mm, respectively, in the middle part of the network. Fault geometry and slip distribution were determined by inverting GPS data using a three-dimensional (3-D) layered-elastic dislocation model. The slip is mainly concentrated within a 44 x 14 km slip patch centered at 15 km depth with peak amplitude of 126.6 cm. Results from 3-D forward-elastic model tests indicate that the dome-shaped folding on the hanging wall is reproduced with fault dips greater than 40 degrees. Compared with the rupture area and average slip from slow slip earthquakes and a compilation of finite source models of 18 earthquakes, the Chengkung earthquake generated a larger rupture area and a lower stress drop, suggesting lower than average friction. Hence the Chengkung earthquake seems to be a transitional example between regular and slow slip earthquakes. The coseismic source model of this event indicates that the Chihshang fault is divided into a creeping segment in the north and the locked segment in the south. An average recurrence interval of 50 years for a magnitude 6.8 earthquake was estimated for the southern fault segment. C1 Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Rau, RJ (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, No 1 Ta Hsueh Rd, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. EM kuenmiao@yahoo.com.tw; raurj@mail.ncku.edu.tw; zeng@usgs.gov OI Rau, Ruey-Juin/0000-0003-1967-7612 NR 63 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 29 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B6 AR B06422 DI 10.1029/2006JB004439 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 185DS UT WOS:000247692200004 ER PT J AU Walvoord, MA Striegl, RG AF Walvoord, Michelle A. Striegl, Robert G. TI Increased groundwater to stream discharge from permafrost thawing in the Yukon River basin: Potential impacts on lateral export of carbon and nitrogen SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHANGING CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; ALASKA; TRENDS AB Arctic and subarctic watersheds are undergoing climate warming, permafrost thawing, and thermokarst formation resulting in quantitative shifts in surface water - groundwater interaction at the basin scale. Groundwater currently comprises almost one fourth of Yukon River water discharged to the Bering Sea and contributes 5 - 10% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) and 35 - 45% of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nitrogen ( DIN) loads. Long-term streamflow records (> 30 yrs) of the Yukon River basin indicate a general upward trend in groundwater contribution to streamflow of 0.7 - 0.9%/yr and no pervasive change in annual flow. We propose that the increases in groundwater contributions were caused predominately by climate warming and permafrost thawing that enhances infiltration and supports deeper flowpaths. The increased groundwater fraction may result in decreased DOC and DON and increased DIC and DIN export when annual flow remains unchanged. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Walvoord, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 413, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM walvoord@usgs.gov; rstriegl@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 167 Z9 171 U1 6 U2 79 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 12 AR L12402 DI 10.1029/2007GL030216 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 184ZQ UT WOS:000247681500002 ER PT J AU Bleibinhaus, F Hole, JA Ryberg, T Fuis, GS AF Bleibinhaus, Florian Hole, John A. Ryberg, Trond Fuis, Gary S. TI Structure of the California Coast Ranges and San Andreas Fault at SAFOD from seismic waveform inversion and reflection imaging SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; CROSSHOLE DATA; PARKFIELD; TOMOGRAPHY; MIGRATION; REGION; ZONE; CA AB A seismic reflection and refraction survey across the San Andreas Fault (SAF) near Parkfield provides a detailed characterization of crustal structure across the location of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth ( SAFOD). Steep-dip prestack migration and frequency domain acoustic waveform tomography were applied to obtain highly resolved images of the upper 5 km of the crust for 15 km on either side of the SAF. The resulting velocity model constrains the top of the Salinian granite with great detail. Steep-dip reflection seismic images show several strong-amplitude vertical reflectors in the uppermost crust near SAFOD that define an similar to 2-km-wide zone comprising the main SAF and two or more local faults. Another prominent subvertical reflector at 2-4 km depth similar to 9 km to the northeast of the SAF marks the boundary between the Franciscan terrane and the Great Valley Sequence. A deep seismic section of low resolution shows several reflectors in the Salinian crust west of the SAF. Two horizontal reflectors around 10 km depth correlate with strains of seismicity observed along-strike of the SAF. They represent midcrustal shear zones partially decoupling the ductile lower crust from the brittle upper crust. The deepest reflections from similar to 25 km depth are interpreted as crust-mantle boundary. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14471 Potsdam, Germany. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bleibinhaus, F (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, 4044 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM bleibi@erl.mit.edu; hole@vt.edu; trond@gfz-potsdam.de; fuis@usgs.gov RI Bleibinhaus, Florian/D-5612-2012; Ryberg, Trond/H-4329-2013; OI Ryberg, Trond/0000-0001-7129-5596; Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544; Hole, John/0000-0002-5349-9111 NR 49 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B6 AR B06315 DI 10.1029/2006JB004611 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 185DP UT WOS:000247691900003 ER PT J AU Baines, AG Cheadle, MJ Dick, HJB Scheirer, AH John, BE Kusznir, NJ Matsumoto, T AF Baines, A. Graham Cheadle, Michael J. Dick, Henry J. B. Scheirer, Allegra Hosford John, Barbara E. Kusznir, Nick J. Matsumoto, Takeshi TI Evolution of the Southwest Indian Ridge from 55 degrees 45 ' E to 62 degrees E: Changes in plate-boundary geometry since 26 Ma SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Southwest Indian Ridge; Atlantis II fracture zone; asymmetric spreading; ridge segmentation; marine geology and geophysics : midocean ridge processes; marine geology and geophysics : marine magnetics and paleomagnetics; marine geology and geophysics : oceanic transform and fracture zone processes ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; II FRACTURE-ZONE; SLOW-SPREADING CENTERS; OCEAN TRIPLE JUNCTION; SEA-FLOOR GENERATION; MAGNETIC-ANOMALIES; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; SERPENTINIZED PERIDOTITES; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; MAGMATIC PROCESSES AB [1] From 55 degrees 45'E to 58 degrees 45'E and from 60 degrees 30'E to 62 degrees 00'E, the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) consists of magmatic spreading segments separated by oblique amagmatic spreading segments, transform faults, and nontransform discontinuities. Off-axis magnetic and multibeam bathymetric data permit investigation of the evolution of this part of the SWIR. Individual magmatic segments show varying magnitudes and directions of asymmetric spreading, which requires that the shape of the plate boundary has changed significantly over time. In particular, since 26 Ma the Atlantis II transform fault grew by 90 km to reach 199 km, while a 45-km-long transform fault at 56 degrees 30'E shrank to become an 11 km offset nontransform discontinuity. Conversely, an oblique amagmatic segment at the center of a first-order spreading segment shows little change in orientation with time. These changes are consistent with the clockwise rotation of two similar to 450-km-wide first-order spreading segments between the Gallieni and Melville transform faults ( 52 - 60 degrees E) to become more orthogonal to spreading. We suggest that suborthogonal first-order spreading segments reflect a stable configuration for mid-ocean ridges that maximizes upwelling rates in the asthenospheric mantle and results in a hotter and weaker ridge-axis that can more easily accommodate seafloor spreading. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Ryukyus, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, Nishihara, Okinawa 9030213, Japan. RP Baines, AG (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM graham.baines@adelaide.edu.au NR 96 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUN 23 PY 2007 VL 8 AR Q06022 DI 10.1029/2006GC001559 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 182VT UT WOS:000247532800001 ER PT J AU Singha, K Day-Lewis, FD Lane, JW AF Singha, Kamini Day-Lewis, F. D. Lane, J. W., Jr. TI Geoelectrical evidence of bicontinuum transport in groundwater SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL INVERSE FLOW; LIMITED MASS-TRANSFER; MACRODISPERSION EXPERIMENT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; AQUIFER; SITE; DISPERSION; HETEROGENEITY; REMEDIATION; MISSISSIPPI AB Bicontinuum models and rate-limited mass transfer (RLMT) explain complex transport behavior ( e. g., long tailing and rebound) in heterogeneous geologic media, but experimental verification is problematic because geochemical samples represent the mobile component of the pore space. Here, we present geophysical evidence of RLMT at the field scale during an aquifer-storage and recovery experiment in a fractured limestone aquifer in Charleston, South Carolina. We observe a hysteretic relation between measurements of pore-fluid conductivity and bulk electrical conductivity; this hysteresis contradicts advective-dispersive transport and the standard petrophysical model relating pore-fluid and bulk conductivity, but can be explained by considering bicontinuum transport models that include first-order RLMT. Using a simple numerical model, we demonstrate that geoelectrical measurements are sensitive to bicontinuum transport and RLMT parameters, which are otherwise difficult to infer from direct, hydrologic measurements. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Singha, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, 311 Deike Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ksingha@psu.edu OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 23 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 12 AR L12401 DI 10.1029/2007GL030019 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 182VZ UT WOS:000247533400004 ER PT J AU Yun, SH Zebker, H Segall, P Hooper, A Poland, M AF Yun, Sang-Ho Zebker, Howard Segall, Paul Hooper, Andrew Poland, Michael TI Interferogram formation in the presence of complex and large deformation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; GALAPAGOS AB Sierra Negra volcano in Isabela island, Galapagos, erupted from October 22 to October 30 in 2005. During the 8 days of eruption, the center of Sierra Negra's caldera subsided about 5.4 meters. Three hours prior to the onset of the eruption, an earthquake (Mw 5.4) occurred, near the caldera. Because of the large and complex phase gradient due to the huge subsidence and the earthquake, it is difficult to form an interferogram inside the caldera that spans the eruption. The deformation is so large and spatially variable that the approximations used in existing InSAR software (ROI, ROI_PAC, DORIS, GAMMA) cannot properly coregister SAR image pairs spanning the eruption. We have developed here a two-step algorithm that can form intra-caldera interferograms from these data. The first step involves a "rubber-sheeting'' SAR image coregistration. In the second step we use range offset estimates to mitigate the steep phase gradient. Using this new algorithm, we retrieve an interferogram with the best coverage to date inside the caldera of Sierra Negra. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Iceland, Nord Volcanol Ctr, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Yun, SH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM shyun@stanford.edu; zebker@stanford.edu; segall@pangea.stanford.edu; ahooper@hi.is; mpoland@usgs.gov RI Hooper, Andrew/A-9614-2008; OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 NR 12 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 22 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 12 AR L12305 DI 10.1029/2007GL029745 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 182VY UT WOS:000247533300003 ER PT J AU Zinn, BA Konikow, LF AF Zinn, Brendan A. Konikow, Leonard F. TI Potential effects of regional pumpage on groundwater age distribution SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALLUVIAL AQUIFER SYSTEM; RIO-GRANDE BASIN; MASS-TRANSFER; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; HYDROCHEMICAL TRACERS; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; WATER CIRCULATION; NATURAL TRACERS; PARIS BASIN; NOBLE-GASES AB Groundwater ages estimated from environmental tracers can help calibrate groundwater flow models. Groundwater age represents a mixture of traveltimes, with the distribution of ages determined by the detailed structure of the flow field, which can be prone to significant transient variability. Effects of pumping on age distribution were assessed using direct age simulation in a hypothetical layered aquifer system. A steady state predevelopment age distribution was computed first. A well field was then introduced, and pumpage caused leakage into the confined aquifer of older water from an overlying confining unit. Large changes in simulated groundwater ages occurred in both the aquifer and the confining unit at high pumping rates, and the effects propagated a substantial distance downgradient from the wells. The range and variance of ages contributing to the well increased substantially during pumping. The results suggest that the groundwater age distribution in developed aquifers may be affected by transient leakage from low-permeability material, such as confining units, under certain hydrogeologic conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Zinn, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lkonikow@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 AR W06418 DI 10.1029/2006WR004865 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 182YR UT WOS:000247540400001 ER PT J AU Balshi, MS McGuire, AD Zhuang, Q Melillo, J Kicklighter, DW Kasischke, E Wirth, C Flannigan, M Harden, J Clein, JS Burnside, TJ McAllister, J Kurz, WA Apps, M Shvidenko, A AF Balshi, M. S. McGuire, A. D. Zhuang, Q. Melillo, J. Kicklighter, D. W. Kasischke, E. Wirth, C. Flannigan, M. Harden, J. Clein, J. S. Burnside, T. J. McAllister, J. Kurz, W. A. Apps, M. Shvidenko, A. TI The role of historical fire disturbance in the carbon dynamics of the pan-boreal region: A process-based analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE MODELS; CANADIAN FOREST-FIRES; SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; SCOTS PINE FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HIGH-LATITUDES; RUSSIAN FORESTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SATELLITE DATA AB [1] Wildfire is a common occurrence in ecosystems of northern high latitudes, and changes in the fire regime of this region have consequences for carbon feedbacks to the climate system. To improve our understanding of how wildfire influences carbon dynamics of this region, we used the process-based Terrestrial Ecosystem Model to simulate fire emissions and changes in carbon storage north of 45 degrees N from the start of spatially explicit historically recorded fire records in the twentieth century through 2002, and evaluated the role of fire in the carbon dynamics of the region within the context of ecosystem responses to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate. Our analysis indicates that fire plays an important role in interannual and decadal scale variation of source/sink relationships of northern terrestrial ecosystems and also suggests that atmospheric CO2 may be important to consider in addition to changes in climate and fire disturbance. There are substantial uncertainties in the effects of fire on carbon storage in our simulations. These uncertainties are associated with sparse fire data for northern Eurasia, uncertainty in estimating carbon consumption, and difficulty in verifying assumptions about the representation of fires that occurred prior to the start of the historical fire record. To improve the ability to better predict how fire will influence carbon storage of this region in the future, new analyses of the retrospective role of fire in the carbon dynamics of northern high latitudes should address these uncertainties. C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07743 Jena, Germany. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Balshi, MS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009; Shvidenko, Anatoly/I-1505-2016; Flannigan, Michael/G-6996-2015; OI Shvidenko, Anatoly/0000-0001-7640-2151; Flannigan, Michael/0000-0002-9970-5363; Kurz, Werner/0000-0003-4576-7849 NR 100 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 112 IS G2 AR G02029 DI 10.1029/2006JG000380 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 182WJ UT WOS:000247534400001 ER PT J AU Abarca, E Carrera, J Sanchez-Vila, X Voss, CI AF Abarca, Elena Carrera, Jesus Sanchez-Vila, Xavier Voss, Clifford I. TI Quast-horizontal circulation cells in 3D seawater intrusion SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE seawater intrusion; aquifer geometry; bottom morphology; lateral seawater circulation cell; horizontal cell; lateral buoyancy number; seawater discharge ID VARIABLE-DENSITY FLOW; DEEP SLOPING AQUIFERS; FORMATION WATER; POROUS-MEDIUM; TRANSPORT; MODEL; REPRESENTATION; SALINITY; SYSTEMS; PLAIN AB The seawater intrusion process is characterized by the difference in freshwater and seawater density that causes freshwater to float on seawater. Many confined aquifers have a large horizontal extension with respect to thickness. In these cases, while buoyancy acts in the vertical direction, flow is confined between the upper and bottom boundaries and the effect of gravity is controlled by variations of aquifer elevation. Therefore, the effective gravity is controlled by the slope and the shape of the aquifer boundaries. Variability in the topography of the aquifer boundaries is one case where 3D analysis is necessary. In this work, density-dependent flow processes caused by 3D aquifer geometry are studied numerically and specifically, considering a lateral slope of the aquifer boundaries. Sub-horizontal circulation cells are formed in the saltwater entering the aquifer. The penetration of the saltwater can be quantified by a dimensionless buoyancy number that measures the lateral slope of the aquifer relative to freshwater flux. The penetration of the seawater intrusion wedge is controlled more by this slope than by the aquifer thickness and dispersivity. Thus, the slope must be taken into account in order to accurately evaluate seawater intrusion. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Catalonia, Dept Geotechn Engn & Geosci, Barcelona, Spain. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Abarca, E (reprint author), Tech Univ Catalonia, Dept Geotechn Engn & Geosci, Barcelona, Spain. EM elena.abarca@upc.edu RI Carrera, Jesus/E-7251-2011 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 339 IS 3-4 BP 118 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.02.017 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 184BH UT WOS:000247615600002 ER PT J AU Ford, RG Ainley, DG Brown, ED Suryan, RM Irons, DB AF Ford, R. Glenn Ainley, David G. Brown, Evelyn D. Suryan, Robert M. Irons, David B. TI A spatially explicit optimal foraging model of Black-legged Kittiwake behavior based on prey density, travel distances, and colony size SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Black-legged Kittiwake; cellular automata; colonial breeding; foraging behavior; interference competition; optimal foraging; population spatial structure; prey distribution; Rissa tridactyla ID INTRA-SPECIFIC COMPETITION; MARGINAL VALUE THEOREM; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HABITAT SELECTION; GEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE; ANTARCTIC PETREL; BREEDING-SEASON; NORTH-SEA AB We developed a spatially explicit population model (FORAGER) that simulates the foraging movements of Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, an oceanographically, spatially, and temporally complex marine environment where the foraging behavior of this species has been extensively studied. Kittimake foraging behavior had been previously modeled in the North Sea, an area spatially less complex than PWS, and we make comparisons to those studies. We calibrated and evaluated FORAGER by comparing predicted with observed bird movements, as well as with the predictions of a multiple regression model. Empirical data were derived from radio-telemetered kittiwakes tracked in an area where aerial surveys were determining the distribution and abundance of suitable prey schools over two years. The model simulated a predator searching for a school in a grid-based (2.78 km x 2.78 km) environment. The simulated predator is aware of fish-school density within a specified neighborhood around its current grid cell, and moves to an adjacent cell in order to maximize its prey encounter rate while avoiding cells that are primarily land. When a school is successfully found and exploited, the kittiwake returns to its colony by direct flight. Colony foraging grounds are created by simulating multiple foraging trips, each based on a different distribution of fish schools created by randomly perturbing the observed distributions. The four-parameter FORAGER model outperformed comparable multiple regression models, explaining on average 68% of the variation in observed kittiwake foraging behavior using a polar grid, and 44% using a rectangular grid. A four-parameter multiple regression model based on the same data set accounted for only 35 and 28% of the variation, respectively, depending on grid structure. Comparison of simulated and observed behavior suggests that kittiwakes in PWS plan their movements only within a neighborhood of about four grid cells, rely heavily on information gathered while foraging (including both negative and positive indications from conspecifics), and rely only somewhat on memory of prey distribution, as has been hypothesized to be effective in less complex regions (North Sea). FORAGER predicts that kittiwake movements should differ from the Ideal Free Distribution because of the predators' uncertainty as to the actual prey distribution. Model results also indicate little relationship between the actual location of breeding colonies and local areas of high prey availability. Comparison of actual colony locations with randomly sited colony locations, however, showed that the former minimize the interaction among foraging kittiwakes from different colonies. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. HT Harvey & Assoc, San Jose, CA 95118 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Ford, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM eci@teleport.com; dainley@penguinscience.com; ebrown@ims.alaska.edu; rob.suryan@orst.edu; david_irons@fws.gov NR 62 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN 16 PY 2007 VL 204 IS 3-4 BP 335 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.01.010 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 171PA UT WOS:000246746700006 ER PT J AU Keane, RE Rollins, M Zhu, ZL AF Keane, Robert E. Rollins, Matthew Zhu, Zhi-Liang TI Using simulated historical time series to prioritize fuel treatments on landscapes across the United States: The LANDFIRE prototype project SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Review DE integrated ecological modeling; historical range and variation; landscape modeling; LANDFIRE; fire management; fire regimes ID FOREST ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; FIRE REGIMES; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; REGRESSION TREES; GENERAL-MODEL; TERRAIN DATA; VEGETATION; CLASSIFICATION; LANDSAT AB Canopy and surface fuels in many fire-prone forests of the United States have increased over the last 70 years as a result of modern fire exclusion policies, grazing, and other land management activities. The Healthy Forest Restoration Act and National Fire Plan establish a national commitment to reduce fire hazard and restore fire-adapted ecosystems across the USA. The primary index used to prioritize treatment areas across the nation is Fire Regime Condition Class (FRCC) computed as departures of current conditions from the historical fire and landscape conditions. This paper describes a process that uses an extensive set of ecological models to map FRCC from a departure statistic computed from simulated time series of historical landscape composition. This mapping process uses a data-driven, biophysical approach where georeferenced field data, biogeochemical simulation models, and spatial data libraries are integrated using spatial statistical modeling to map environmental gradients that are then used to predict vegetation and fuels characteristics over space. These characteristics are then fed into a landscape fire and succession simulation model to simulate a time series of historical landscape compositions that are then compared to the composition of current landscapes to compute departure, and the FRCC values. Intermediate products from this process are then used to create ancillary vegetation, fuels, and fire regime layers that are useful in the eventual planning and implementation of fuel and restoration treatments at local scales. The complex integration of varied ecological models at different scales is described and problems encountered during the implementation of this process in the LANDFIRE prototype project are addressed. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Keane, RE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Hwy 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM rkeane@fs.fed.us; mrollins@fs.fed.us; zhu@edcmail.cr.usgs.gov NR 125 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN 16 PY 2007 VL 204 IS 3-4 BP 485 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.02.005 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 171PA UT WOS:000246746700018 ER PT J AU Croteau, MN Luoma, SN Pellet, B AF Croteau, Marie-Noele Luoma, Samuel N. Pellet, Bastien TI Determining metal assimilation efficiency in aquatic invertebrates using enriched stable metal isotope tracers SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dietborne metals; digestive processes; gut passage time; cadmium; copper; chromium; assimilation efficiency; food ingestion rate; Lymnaea stagnalis ID SNAIL LYMNAEA-STAGNALIS; WATER BIVALVE CORBICULA; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; COPPER ACCUMULATION; MARINE BIVALVES; CADMIUM; FOOD; BIOACCUMULATION; METALLOTHIONEINS; ABSORPTION AB We employ a novel approach that combines pulse-chase feeding and multi-labelled stable isotopes to determine gut passage time (GPT), gut retention time (GRT), food ingestion rate (IR) and assimilation efficiency (AE) of three trace elements for a freshwater gastropod. Lettuce isotopically enriched in (53)Cr, (53)Cu and (106)Cd was fed for 2 h to Lymnaea stagnalis. The release of tracers in feces and water was monitored for 48 h, during which unlabelled lettuce was provided ad libidum. The first defecation of (53)Cr occurred after 5 h of depuration (GPT), whereas 90% of the ingested (53)Cr was recovered in the feces after 22.5 h of depuration (GRT). (5)3Chromium was not significantly accumulated in the soft tissues upon exposure. In contrast, (65)Cu and (106)Cd assimilation was detectable for most experimental snails, i.e., (65/63)Cu and (106/114)Cd ratios in exposed snails were higher than those for controls. Food IR during the labelled feeding phase was 0.16 +/- 0.07 g g-(1) d(-1). IR was inferred from the amount of 53Cr egested in the feces during depuration and the concentration of 53Cr in the labelled lettuce. Assimilation efficiencies (+/- 95% Cl) determined using mass balance calculations were 84 +/- 4% for Cu and 85 +/- 3 % for Cd. The ratio method yields similar AE estimates. Expanding the application of this novel stable isotope tracer technique to other metals in a wide variety of species will provide unique opportunities to evaluate the interplay between digestive processes and dietary influx of metals. Understanding the biological processes that modulate dietbome metal uptake is crucial to assess the toxicity of dietbome metals. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Cemagref HBAN, F-92163 Antony, France. RP Croteau, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcroteau@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 8 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 83 IS 2 BP 116 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.03.016 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 183ES UT WOS:000247556100004 PM 17467071 ER PT J AU Buss, HL Luttge, A Brantley, SL AF Buss, Heather L. Luttge, Andreas Brantley, Susan L. TI Etch pit formation on iron silicate surfaces during siderophore-promoted dissolution SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE siderophores; etch pits; hornblende; desferrioxamine; biofilms ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDE; MINERAL DISSOLUTION; DESFERRIOXAMINE-B; OXALATE LIGANDS; HORNBLENDE; MECHANISM; GOETHITE; GLASS; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES AB Understanding the effects of microbiota on mineral alteration requires the ability to recognize evidence of bacteria-promoted dissolution on mineral surfaces. Although siderophores are known to promote mineral dissolution, their effects on mineral surfaces are not well known. We have utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Mirau vertical scanning interferometry (VSI) to investigate surfaces after incubation with the siderophore desferrioxamine-B mesylate (DFAM) and under colonies of bacteria. Iron-silicate glass planchets chemically similar to hornblende were incubated in buffered growth medium with siderophore-producing bacteria (Bacillus sp.) for 46 days with parallel abiotic experiments conducted with and without 240 PM DFAM, with and without 0.01 g l(-1) of microbially produced extracellular polysaccharides (EPS, alginate or xanthan gum). Some glass planchets were protected by dialysis tubing from direct contact with the EPS. Weekly sampling and analysis of all filtered sample solutions showed negligible Fe and Al release in the control experiments and significant release of Fe and Al in the presence of DFAM, with negligible changes in pH. Concentration of Fe in the filtered solutions after incubation with bacteria was below detection, consistent with uptake of Fe by cells. Release of Fe, Al, and Si in control, xanthan-only, and alginate-only experiments was negligible. Release of these elements was enhanced in all experiments containing DFAM, and greatest in alginate+DFAM experiments. AFM and VSI analyses reveal widespread, small etch pits and greater root mean squared roughness on siderophore-exposed surfaces and fewer, localized, larger etch pits on bacteria-exposed surfaces. This is the first documented case of etch pit development during siderophore-promoted dissolution. Roughness was not affected by the growth medium, alginate, or xanthan gum alone. The roughness trends among samples correlate with trends in Fe depletion documented by XPS. Enhanced dissolution and roughness cannot be attributed to direct contact with EPS because no significant chemical or physical differences were observed between surfaces directly exposed to EPS and those protected by dialysis tubing. Acetate released from the EPS may have enhanced the siderophore-promoted dissolution. Siderophores produced by Bacillus sp. may be responsible for some of the 'biopits.' The difference in size and distribution of the biopits may be related to colonization. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 18802 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Buss, HL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 420, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hlbuss@usgs.gov; aluttge@rice.edu; brantley@eesi.psu.edu RI Buss, Heather/M-1693-2013; Luttge, Andreas/A-2560-2011 OI Luttge, Andreas/0000-0002-5878-4026 NR 89 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 240 IS 3-4 BP 326 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.03.003 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 176BM UT WOS:000247057700009 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ Ator, SW Nystrom, EA AF Phillips, Patrick J. Ator, Scott W. Nystrom, Elizabeth A. TI Temporal changes in surface-water insecticide concentrations after the phaseout of diazinon and chlorpyrifos SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEDERALLY-MANDATED BAN AB The recent (late 2001) federally mandated phaseout of diazinon and chlorpyrifos insecticide use in outdoor urban settings has resulted in a rapid decline in concentrations of these insecticides in urban streams and rivers in the northeastern and midwestern United States. Assessment of temporal insecticide trends at 20 sites showed that significant step decreases in diazinon concentrations occurred at 90% of the sites after the phaseout, with concentrations generally decreasing by over 50% in summer samples. Chlorpyrifos concentrations showed significant step decreases in at least 1 season at 3 of the 4 sites with sufficient data for analysis. The decrease in diazinon concentrations in response to the phaseout resulted in a decline in the frequency of concentrations exceeding the acute invertebrate water-quality benchmark of 0.1 mu g/L from 10% of pre-phaseout summer samples to fewer than 1% of post-phaseout summer samples. Although some studies have indicated an increase in concentrations of carbaryl in response to the organophosphorous phaseout, carbaryl concentrations only increased at 1 site after the phaseout. A full assessment of the effect of the phaseout of diazinon and chlorpyrifos on surface water will require data on other insecticides used to replace these compounds. C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM pjphilli@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 12 BP 4246 EP 4251 DI 10.1021/es070301 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 177YE UT WOS:000247187600008 PM 17626420 ER PT J AU Lerner, DT Bjornsson, BT McCormick, SD AF Lerner, Darren T. Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur McCormick, Stephen D. TI Larval exposure to 4-nonylphenol and 17 beta-estradiol affects physiological and behavioral development of seawater adaptation in atlantic salmon smolts SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; NONYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATES; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; WASTE-WATER; SALAR; SMOLTIFICATION; FISH AB Population declines of anadromous salmonids are attributed to anthropogenic disturbances including dams, commercial and recreational fisheries, and pollutants, such as estrogenic compounds. Nonylphenol (NP), a xenoestrogen, is widespread in the aquatic environment due to its use in agricultural, industrial, and household products. We exposed Atlantic salmon yolk-sac larvae to waterborne 10 or 100 mu g L-1 NP (NP-L or NP-H, respectively), 2 mu g L-1 17 beta-estradiol (E-2), or vehicle, for 21 days to investigate their effects on smolt physiology and behavior 1 year later. NP-H caused approximately 50% mortality during exposure, 30 days after exposure, and 60 days after exposure. Mortality rates of NP-L and E-2 fish were not affected until 60 days after treatment, when they were 4-fold greater than those of controls. Treatment with NP-L or E-2 as yolk-sac larvae decreased gill sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) activity and seawater (SW) tolerance during smolt development, 1 year after exposure. Exposure to NP-L and E-2 resulted in a latency to enter SW and reduced preference for SW approximately 2- and 5-fold, respectively. NP-L-exposed fish had 20% lower plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels and 35% lower plasma triiodothyronine (T-3). Plasma growth hormone and thyroxine (T-4) were unaffected. Exposure to E-2 did not affect plasma levels of IGF-I, GH, T-3, or T-4. Both treatment groups exhibited increased plasma cortisol and decreased osmoregulatory capacity in response to a handling stressor. These results suggest that early exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of NP, and other estrogenic compounds, can cause direct and delayed mortalities and that this exposure can have long term, "organizational" effects on life-history events in salmonids. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Geol Survey, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Zool Zoophysiol, Fish Endocrinol Lab, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Lerner, DT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM lerner@hawaii.edu RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008 OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756 NR 47 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 12 BP 4479 EP 4485 DI 10.1021/es070202w PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 177YE UT WOS:000247187600043 PM 17626455 ER PT J AU Wemple, B Shanley, J Denner, J Ross, D Mills, K AF Wemple, Beverley Shanley, James Denner, Jon Ross, Donald Mills, Kevin TI Hydrology and water quality in two mountain basins of the northeastern US: assessing baseline conditions and effects of ski area development SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE alpine hydrology and water quality; ski areas; snowmaking ID MAN-MADE SNOW; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; STREAM; FOREST; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; TERRAIN; IMPACT AB Mountain regions throughout the world face intense development pressures associated with recreational and tourism uses. Despite these pressures, much of the research on bio-geophysical impacts of humans in mountain regions has focused on the effects of natural resource extraction. This paper describes findings from the first 3 years of a study examining high elevation watershed processes in a region undergoing alpine resort development. Our study is designed as a paired-watershed experiment. The Ranch Brook watershed (9.6 km(2)) is a relatively pristine, forested watershed and serves as the undeveloped 'control' basin. West Branch (11.7 km(2)) encompasses an existing alpine ski resort, with approximately 17% of the basin occupied by ski trails and impervious surfaces, and an additional 7% slated for clearing and development. Here, we report results for water years 2001-2003 of streamflow and water quality dynamics for these watersheds. Precipitation increases significantly with elevation in the watersheds, and winter precipitation represents 36-46% of annual precipitation. Artificial snowmaking from water within West Branch watershed currently augments annual precipitation by only 3-4%. Water yield in the developed basin exceeded that in the control by 18-36%. Suspended sediment yield was more than two and a half times greater and fluxes of all major solutes were higher in the developed basin. Our study is the first to document the effects of existing ski area development on hydrology and water quality in the northeastern US and will serve as an important baseline for evaluating the effects of planned resort expansion activities in this area. Published in 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Geog, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Wemple, B (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Geog, 202 Old Mill, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM bwemple@uvm.edu RI Ross, Donald/A-4477-2008 OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-5390-6602 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 49 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1639 EP 1650 DI 10.1002/hyp.6700 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 181LN UT WOS:000247438300013 ER PT J AU Moreau, JW Weber, PK Martin, MC Gilbert, B Hutcheon, ID Banfield, JF AF Moreau, John W. Weber, Peter K. Martin, Michael C. Gilbert, Benjamin Hutcheon, Ian D. Banfield, Jillian F. TI Extracellular proteins limit the dispersal of biogenic nanoparticles SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; METAL; RESISTANCE; ZINC; ION; CONTAMINATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; AGGREGATION; SPHALERITE; PRODUCTS AB High-spatial-resolution secondary ion microprobe spectrometry, synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and polyacrylamide gel analysis demonstrated the intimate association of proteins with spheroidal aggregates of biogenic zinc sulfide nanocrystals, an example of extracellular biomineralization. Experiments involving synthetic zinc sulfide nanoparticles and representative amino acids indicated a driving role for cysteine in rapid nanoparticle aggregation. These findings suggest that microbially derived extracellular proteins can limit the dispersal of nanoparticulate metal-bearing phases, such as the mineral products of bioremediation, that may otherwise be transported away from their source by subsurface fluid flow. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moreau, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM jwmoreau@usgs.gov RI Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010; Moreau, John/A-8061-2013; OI Moreau, John W/0000-0002-5997-522X NR 32 TC 138 Z9 142 U1 11 U2 99 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5831 BP 1600 EP 1603 DI 10.1126/science.1141064 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 178SH UT WOS:000247239900036 PM 17569859 ER PT J AU Barringer, JL Bonin, JL Deluca, MJ Romagna, T Cenno, K Alebus, M Kratzer, T Hirst, B AF Barringer, Julia L. Bonin, Jennifer L. Deluca, Michael J. Romagna, Terri Cenno, Kimberly Alebus, Marzooq Kratzer, Todd Hirst, Barbara TI Sources and temporal dynamics of arsenic in a New Jersey watershed, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE arsenic (As); streamwater; zinc (Zn); mining; seasonal variation; diurnal cycles; hyporheic zone ID NATURAL-WATERS; SPECIATION; RIVER; QUALITY; MONTANA; STREAM; CYCLES; MINE; FATE; SOIL AB We examined potential sources and the temporal dynamics of arsenic (As) in the slightly alkaline waters of the Wallkill River, northwestern New Jersey, where violations of water-quality standards have occurred. The study design included synoptic sampling of stream water and bed sediments in tributaries and the mainstem, hyporheic-zone/ground water on the mainstem, and seasonal and diurnal sampling of water at selected mainstem sites. The river valley is bordered by gneiss and granite highlands and shale lowlands and underlain by glacial deposits over faulted dolomites and the Franklin Marble. Ore bodies in the Marble, which have been mined for rare Zn ore minerals, also contain As minerals. Tributaries, which drain predominantly forested and agricultural land, contributed relatively little As to the river. The highest concentrations of As (up to 34 mu g/L) emanated from the outlet of man-made Lake Mohawk at the river's headwaters; these inputs varied substantially with season-high during warm months, low during cold months, apparently because of biological activity in the take. Dissolved As concentrations were lower (3.3 mu g/L) in river water than those in ground water discharging into the riverbed (22 mu g/L) near the now-closed Franklin Mine. High total As concentrations (100-190 mg/kg) on the <0.63 mu m fraction of bed sediments near the mine apparently result from sorption of the As in the ground-water discharge as well as from the As minerals in the streambed. As concentrations in river water were diluted during high stream flow in fall, winter and spring, and concentrated during low flow in summer. In unfiltered samples from a wetlands site, diurnal cycles in trace-element concentrations occurred; As concentrations appeared to peak during late afternoon as pH increased, but Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations peaked shortly after midnight. The temporal variability of As and its presence at elevated concentrations in ground water and sediments as well as streamwater demonstrate the importance of (1) sampling a variety of media and (2) determining the time scales of As variability to fully characterize its passage through a river system. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Barringer, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM jbarring@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 1 BP 56 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.03.006 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182RM UT WOS:000247521700005 PM 17448524 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JD Cayan, DR AF Lundquist, Jessica D. Cayan, Daniel R. TI Surface temperature patterns in complex terrain: Daily variations and long-term change in the central Sierra Nevada, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; HIGH-ELEVATION SITES; FREE-AIR; CLIMATE; TRENDS; COLORADO; BASIN; METEOROLOGY; INVERSION; VALLEY AB [1] A realistic description of how temperatures vary with elevation is crucial for ecosystem studies and for models of basin-scale snowmelt and spring streamflow. This paper explores surface temperature variability using temperature data from an array of 37 sensors, called the Yosemite network, which traverses both slopes of the Sierra Nevada in the vicinity of Yosemite National Park, California. These data indicate that a simple lapse rate is often a poor description of the spatial temperature structure. Rather, the spatial pattern of temperature over the Yosemite network varies considerably with synoptic conditions. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) were used to identify the dominant spatial temperature patterns and how they vary in time. Temporal variations of these surface temperature patterns were correlated with large-scale weather conditions, as described by National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis data. Regression equations were used to downscale larger-scale weather parameters, such as Reanalysis winds and pressure, to the surface temperature structure over the Yosemite network. These relationships demonstrate that strong westerly winds are associated with relatively warmer temperatures on the east slope and cooler temperatures on the west slope of the Sierra, and weaker westerly winds are associated with the opposite pattern. Reanalysis data from 1948 to 2005 indicate weakening westerlies over this time period, a trend leading to relatively cooler temperatures on the east slope over decadal timescales. This trend also appears in long-term observations and demonstrates the need to consider topographic effects when examining long-term changes in mountain regions. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Lundquist, JD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jdlund@u.washington.edu NR 30 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 14 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D11 AR D11124 DI 10.1029/2006JD007561 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 180MR UT WOS:000247369300001 ER PT J AU Maurer, EP Stewart, IT Bonfils, C Duffy, PB Cayan, D AF Maurer, E. P. Stewart, I. T. Bonfils, C. Duffy, P. B. Cayan, D. TI Detection, attribution, and sensitivity of trends toward earlier streamflow in the Sierra Nevada SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; JOAQUIN RIVER-BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS; WATER-RESOURCES; NORTH-AMERICA; HYDROLOGIC CONSEQUENCES; CALIFORNIA; MODEL; SNOWMELT; PRECIPITATION AB [1] Observed changes in the timing of snowmelt dominated streamflow in the western United States are often linked to anthropogenic or other external causes. We assess whether observed streamflow timing changes can be statistically attributed to external forcing, or whether they still lie within the bounds of natural ( internal) variability for four large Sierra Nevada ( CA) basins, at inflow points to major reservoirs. Streamflow timing is measured by "center timing'' (CT), the day when half the annual flow has passed a given point. We use a physically based hydrology model driven by meteorological input from a global climate model to quantify the natural variability in CT trends. Estimated 50-year trends in CT due to natural climate variability often exceed estimated actual CT trends from 1950 to 1999. Thus, although observed trends in CT to date may be statistically significant, they cannot yet be statistically attributed to external influences on climate. We estimate that projected CT changes at the four major reservoir inflows will, with 90% confidence, exceed those from natural variability within 1 - 4 decades or 4 - 8 decades, depending on rates of future greenhouse gas emissions. To identify areas most likely to exhibit CT changes in response to rising temperatures, we calculate changes in CT under temperature increases from 1 to 5 degrees. We find that areas with average winter temperatures between -2 degrees C and -4 degrees C are most likely to respond with significant CT shifts. Correspondingly, elevations from 2000 to 2800 m are most sensitive to temperature increases, with CT changes exceeding 45 days ( earlier) relative to 1961 - 1990. C1 Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. Santa Clara Univ, Environm Studies Program, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Maurer, EP (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. EM emaurer@engr.scu.edu; istewartfrey@scu.edu; bonfils2@mail.llnl.gov; pduffy@llnl.gov; dcayan@ucsd.edu RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009; Bonfils, Celine/H-2356-2012 OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X; Bonfils, Celine/0000-0002-4674-5708 NR 42 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D11 AR D11118 DI 10.1029/2006JD008088 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 180MQ UT WOS:000247369200009 ER PT J AU Frankel, KL Brantley, KS Dolan, JF Finkel, RC Klinger, RE Knott, JR Machette, MN Owen, LA Phillips, FM Slate, JL Wernicke, BP AF Frankel, Kurt L. Brantley, Katherine S. Dolan, James F. Finkel, Robert C. Klinger, Ralph E. Knott, Jeffrey R. Machette, Michael N. Owen, Lewis A. Phillips, Fred M. Slate, Janet L. Wernicke, Brian P. TI Cosmogenic Be-10 and Cl-36 geochronology of offset alluvial fans along the northern Death Valley fault zone: Implications for transient strain in the eastern California shear zone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Review ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; OWENS-VALLEY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RANGE PROVINCE; SLIP RATES; DISPLACEMENT VARIATION; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; FLUVIAL TERRACES; YUCCA MOUNTAIN AB [1] The northern Death Valley fault zone (NDVFZ) has long been recognized as a major right-lateral strike-slip fault in the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ). However, its geologic slip rate has been difficult to determine. Using high-resolution digital topographic imagery and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating, we present the first geochronologically determined slip rate for the NDVFZ. Our study focuses on the Red Wall Canyon alluvial fan, which exposes clean dextral offsets of seven channels. Analysis of airborne laser swath mapping data indicates similar to 297 +/- 9 m of right-lateral displacement on the fault system since the late Pleistocene. In situ terrestrial cosmogenic Be-10 and Cl-36 geochronology was used to date the Red Wall Canyon fan and a second, correlative fan also cut by the fault. Beryllium 10 dates from large cobbles and boulders provide a maximum age of 70 + 22/-20 ka for the offset landforms. The minimum age of the alluvial fan deposits based on Cl-36 depth profiles is 63 +/- 8 ka. Combining the offset measurement with the cosmogenic Be-10 date yields a geologic fault slip rate of 4.2 + 1.9/-1.1 mm yr(-1), whereas the Cl-36 data indicate 4.7 + 0.9/-0.6 mm yr(-1) of slip. Summing these slip rates with known rates on the Owens Valley, Hunter Mountain, and Stateline faults at similar latitudes suggests a total geologic slip rate across the northern ECSZ of similar to 8.5 to 10 mm yr(-1). This rate is commensurate with the overall geodetic rate and implies that the apparent discrepancy between geologic and geodetic data observed in the Mojave section of the ECSZ does not extend north of the Garlock fault. Although the overall geodetic rates are similar, the best estimates based on geology predict higher strain rates in the eastern part of the ECSZ than to the west, whereas the observed geodetic strain is relatively constant. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Tech Serv Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. US Geol Survey, Cent Reg Geol Hazards Team, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Frankel, KL (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM kfrankel@usc.edu; kathy@alumni.caltech.edu; dolan@usc.edu; finkel1@llnl.gov; rklinger@do.usbr.gov; jknott@fullerton.edu; machette@usgs.gov; lewis.owen@uc.edu; phillips@nmt.edu; jslate@usgs.gov; brian@gps.caltech.edu NR 103 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B6 AR B06407 DI 10.1029/2006JB004350 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 180NE UT WOS:000247370900001 ER PT J AU Savage, JC Svarc, JL Yu, SB AF Savage, J. C. Svarc, J. L. Yu, Shui-Beih TI Postseismic relaxation and aftershocks SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID HECTOR MINE EARTHQUAKE; 1999 CHI-CHI; DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA; CREEP; MANTLE; SEISMICITY; AFTERSLIP; RHEOLOGY; TAIWAN AB [1] Perfettini et al. (2005) suggested that the temporal dependence of surface displacements u( t) measured in the epicentral area following an earthquake is related to N( t), the cumulative number of aftershocks, by the equation u( t) = a + bt + cN( t) + d(1 - e (-alpha t)), where a, b, c, d, and alpha are constants chosen to fit the data and t is the postearthquake time. N( t) appears in the expression for u( t) because both the aftershocks and a portion of u( t) are thought to be driven by the same source, postseismic fault creep at subseismogenic depths on the downdip extension of the coseismic rupture. We show that this equation with the actually observed N( t) fits the postseismic displacements recorded on several baselines following each of five earthquakes: 1999 M7.6 Chi-Chi ( Taiwan), 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine ( southern California), 2002 M7.9 Denali ( central Alaska), 2003 M6.5 San Simeon ( central California), and 2004 M6.0 Parkfield ( central California) earthquakes. Although there are plausible physical interpretations for each of the terms in the expression for u( t), the large number of adjustable constants ( a, b, c, d, and a) involved in fitting the rather simple postseismic displacements diminishes the significance of the fit. Because the observed N( t) is well fit by the modified Omori's law, fault creep at depth presumably exhibits the same temporal dependence. That dependence could be explained if the rheology of the fault downdip from the coseismic rupture is consistent with ordinary transient creep. Montesi ( 2004) demonstrated that power law creep across a shear zone at depth would also produce that temporal signal. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jasavage@usgs.gov; yusb@earth.sinica.edu.tw NR 38 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B6 AR B06406 DI 10.1029/2006JB004584 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 180NE UT WOS:000247370900004 ER PT J AU Koh, DC Plummer, LN Busenberg, E Kim, Y AF Koh, Dong-Chan Plummer, L. Niel Busenberg, Eurybiades Kim, Yongje TI Evidence for terrigenic SF6 in groundwater from basaltic aquifers, Jeju Island, Korea: Implications for groundwater dating SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental tracer; groundwater dating; CFCs; SF6; tritium; volcanic island ID SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE SF6; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; LARGE URBAN AREA; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; ATMOSPHERIC SF6; VOLCANIC ISLAND; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CCL3F; ENVIRONMENTAL ISOTOPES; HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; UNITED-STATES AB Measurements of the concentrations of dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), tritium (H-3), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in groundwater from basaltic aquifers in Jeju Island, Korea, demonstrate a terrigenic source of SF6. Using a lumped-parameter dispersion model, groundwater was identified as young water (< 15 years), old water with negligible CFC-12 and H-3, and binary mixtures of the two. Model calculations using dispersion models and binary mixing based on H-3 and CFC-12 concentrations demonstrate a non-atmospheric excess of SF6 relative to CFC-12 and H-3 concentrations for more than half of the samples. The non-atmospheric excess SF6 may have originated from terrigenic sources in relict volcanic fluids, which could have acquired SF6 from granites and basement rocks of the island during volcanic activity. Local excess anthropogenic sources of SF6 are unlikely. The SF6 age is biased young relative to the CFC-12 age, typically up to 20 years and as high as 30 years. This age bias is more pronounced in samples of groundwater older than 15 years. The presence of terrigenic SF6 can affect the entire dating range for groundwater in mixtures that contain a fraction of old water. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Taejon 305350, South Korea. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Koh, DC (reprint author), Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, 30 Gajeong Dong, Taejon 305350, South Korea. EM chankoh@kigam.re.kr OI Kim, Yongje/0000-0002-8463-5374 NR 47 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 339 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.03.011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 177KL UT WOS:000247151900008 ER PT J AU Curtis, PD Richmond, ME Miller, LA Quimby, FW AF Curtis, Paul D. Richmond, Milo E. Miller, Lowell A. Quimby, Fred W. TI Pathophysiology of white-tailed deer vaccinated with porcine zona pellucida immunocontraceptive SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE immunocontraception; porcine zona pellucida; white-tailed deer ID FREUND ADJUVANT; CONTRACEPTIVE VACCINE; HUMAN EOSINOPHILS; IMMUNIZATION; GLYCOPROTEINS; VIRGINIANUS; INFERTILITY; POPULATION; EXPRESSION; SECRETION AB White-tailed deer (n=14 treated, n=7 control) were examined postmortem to identify any possible pathophysiology resulting from PZP immunocontraception vaccination. Deer were treated twice in 1997; given a booster in 1998, with six being revaccinated in September 2000. Granulomas were found at injection sites of most deer, even 2 years post-treatment. Eosinophilic oophoritis occurred in 6 of 8 (75%) deer vaccinated in 1998, and 3 of 6 (50%) revaccinated in 2000. The 2000 revaccinates without oophoritis, had significantly fewer normal secondary follicles than control females (P=0.03), and deer in the 1998 treatment group (P=0.04). PZP immunocontraceptive vaccine elicited ovarian pathologies in deer similar to those observed in other species. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS BRD, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Lab Anim Res Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Curtis, PD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM pdc@cornell.edu NR 51 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 6 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 23 BP 4623 EP 4630 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.03.033 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 177BV UT WOS:000247129500016 PM 17475371 ER PT J AU Morrow, C Solum, J Tembe, S Lockner, D Wong, TF AF Morrow, C. Solum, J. Tembe, S. Lockner, D. Wong, T.-F. TI Using drill cutting separates to estimate the strength of narrow shear zones at SAFOD SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRICTIONAL STRENGTH; FAULT AB A technique is presented for estimating frictional strength of narrow shear zones based on hand selection of drillhole cuttings separates. Tests were conducted on cuttings from the SAFOD scientific drillhole near Parkfield, California. Since cuttings are mixed with adjacent material as they travel up the drillhole, these fault-derived separates give a better representation of the frictional properties of narrow features than measurements from the bulk material alone. Cuttings from two shear zones (one an active trace of the San Andreas fault) contain a significant weight percent of clay-rich grains that exhibit deformation-induced slickensides. In addition, cuttings from the active SAF trace contain around 1% serpentine. Coefficients of friction for clay-rich and serpentine grains were 0.3-0.5 and 0.4-0.45, respectively. These values are around 0.12 lower than the friction coefficient of the corresponding bulk cuttings, providing an improved estimate of the frictional strength of the San Andreas fault. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Morrow, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cmorrow@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 11 AR L11301 DI 10.1029/2007GL029665 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 177FT UT WOS:000247139700003 ER PT J AU Thornton, EB MacMahan, J Sallenger, AH AF Thornton, E. B. MacMahan, J. Sallenger, A. H., Jr. TI Rip currents, mega-cusps, and eroding dunes SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rip currents; mega-cusps; dune erosion; waves; morphodynamics; hot spots ID LITTORAL CELL; NATURAL BEACH; MONTEREY BAY; EROSION; SAND; WAVE; MORPHOLOGY; OREGON; FIELD; LIDAR AB Dune erosion is shown to occur at the embayment of beach mega-cusps O(200 m alongshore) that are associated with rip currents. The beach is the narrowest at the embayment of the mega-cusps allowing the swash of large storm waves coincident with high tides to reach the toe of the dune, to undercut the dune and to cause dune erosion. Field measurements of dune, beach, and rip current morphology are acquired along an 18 km shoreline in southern Monterey Bay, California. This section of the bay consists of a sandy shoreline backed by extensive dunes, rising to heights exceeding 40 m. There is a large increase in wave height going from small wave heights in the shadow of a headland, to the center of the bay where convergence of waves owing to refraction over the Monterey Bay submarine canyon results in larger wave heights. The large alongshore gradient in wave height results in a concomitant alongshore gradient in morphodynamic scale. The strongly refracted waves and narrow bay aperture result in near normal wave incidence, resulting in well-developed, persistent rip currents along the entire shoreline. The alongshore variations of the cuspate shoreline are found significantly correlated with the alongshore variations in rip spacing at 95% confidence.. The alongshore variations of the volume of dune erosion are found significantly correlated with alongshore variations of the cuspate shoreline at 95% confidence. Therefore, it is concluded the mega-cusps are associated with rip currents and that the location of dune erosion is associated with the embayment of the mega-cusp. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Oceanog Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Geol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Thornton, EB (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Oceanog Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM thorton@nps.edu NR 33 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JUN 5 PY 2007 VL 240 IS 1-4 BP 151 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2007.02.018 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 178PS UT WOS:000247233200010 ER PT J AU Peters, KE Ramos, LS Zumberge, JE Valin, ZC Scotese, CR Gautier, DL AF Peters, Kenneth E. Ramos, L. Scott Zumberge, John E. Valin, Zenon C. Scotese, Christopher R. Gautier, Donald L. TI Circum-Arctic petroleum systems identified using decision-tree chemometrics SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID OFFSHORE EASTERN CANADA; BIOLOGICAL MARKER GEOCHEMISTRY; TRIASSIC SHUBLIK FORMATION; JURASSIC SOURCE ROCKS; WEST SIBERIAN BASIN; JEANNE-DARC BASIN; CRUDE OILS; CARBON-ISOTOPE; ORGANIC-MATTER; NORTH SLOPE AB Source- and age-related biomarker and isotopic data were measured for more than 1000 crude oil samples from wells and seeps collected above approximately 55 degrees N latitude. A unique, multitiered chemometric (multivariate statistical) decision tree was created that allowed automated classification of 31 genetically distinct circum-Arctic oil families based on a training set of 622 oil samples. The method, which we call decision-tree chemometrics, uses principal components analysis and multiple tiers of K-nearest neighbor and SINICA (soft independent modeling of class analogy) models to classify and assign confidence limits for newly acquired oil samples and source rock extracts. Geochemical data for each oil sample were also used to infer the age, lithology, organic matter input, depositional environment, and identity of its source rock. These results demonstrate the value of large petroleum databases where all samples were analyzed using the same procedures and instrumentation. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Infometrix Inc, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. GeoMark Res Ltd, Houston, TX 77095 USA. RP Peters, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 965, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kpeters@usgs.gov; s_cott-ramos@infometrix.com; jzumberge@geomarkresearch.com; zenon@usgs.gov NR 107 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 91 IS 6 BP 877 EP 913 DI 10.1306/12290606097 PG 37 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 178ZW UT WOS:000247260100007 ER PT J AU Ford, RM Harvey, RW AF Ford, Roseanne M. Harvey, Ronald W. TI Role of chemotaxis in the transport of bacteria through saturated porous media SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE bacteria; chemotaxis; motility; diffusion; dispersion; groundwater; bioremediation; transport; migration; porous media; pore-scale ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RANDOM MOTILITY; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS; 3-DIMENSIONAL TRACKING; ATTRACTANT GRADIENTS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; CELL-POPULATIONS; INDIVIDUAL-CELL; MIGRATION AB Populations of chemotactic bacteria are able to sense and respond to chemical gradients in their surroundings and direct their migration toward increasing concentrations of chemicals that they perceive to be beneficial to their survival. It has been suggested that this phenomenon may facilitate bioremediation processes by bringing bacteria into closer proximity to the chemical contaminants that they degrade. To determine the significance of chemotaxis in these processes it is necessary to quantify the magnitude of the response and compare it to other groundwater processes that affect the fate and transport of bacteria. We present a systematic approach toward quantifying the chemotactic response of bacteria in laboratory scale experiments by starting with simple, well-defined systems and gradually increasing their complexity. Swimming properties of individual cells were assessed from trajectories recorded by a tracking microscope. These properties were used to calculate motility and chemotaxis coefficients of bacterial populations in bulk aqueous media which were compared to experimental results of diffusion studies. Then effective values of motility and chemotaxis coefficients in single pores, pore networks and packed columns were analyzed. These were used to estimate the magnitude of the chemotactic response in porous media and to compare with dispersion coefficients reported in the field. This represents a compilation of many studies over a number of years. While there are certainly limitations with this approach for ultimately quantifying motility and chemotaxis in granular aquifer media, it does provide insight into what order of magnitude responses are possible and which characteristics of the bacteria and media are expected to be important. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ford, RM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM rmf3f@virginia.edu RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 NR 61 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 6 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUN-JUL PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6-7 BP 1608 EP 1617 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.05.019 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 173WD UT WOS:000246902300016 ER PT J AU Brown, RJ AF Brown, Randy J. TI Freshwater mollusks survive fish gut passage SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Sphaeriidae; clams; Valvatidae; Lymnaeidae; snails; coregonid fish; gut passage ID DIGESTION; PREY; COST AB Freshwater mollusks figure prominently in the diets of humpback whitefish (Coregonus pidschian) and broad whitefish (C. nasus), two benthic-feeding coregonid species. A recent examination of pea clams (Sphaeriidae), valve snails (Valvatidae), and pond snails (Lymnaeidae) from the lower digestive tracts of these fish found that many of the mollusks were alive. Survival completely through gut passage would indicate a dispersal mechanism for freshwater mollusks that has not been previously recognized. A field investigation was conducted with wild-caught humpback and broad whitefish to test the hypothesis that clams and snails are capable of surviving complete gut passage. Wild fish were captured alive and held in collection totes to obtain feces samples. Pea clams and valve snails were abundant in fish feces, and pond snails were present but not abundant. An average of 483 pea clams and 833 valve snails per fish were observed to have survived complete gut passage, while only a single surviving pond snail was found. These findings suggest that fish may play an important role in the dispersal of freshwater mollusks within freshwater systems. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Brown, RJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave,Room 110, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM randy_j_brown@fws.gov NR 23 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD JUN PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 124 EP 128 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 184RP UT WOS:000247659800002 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, L. David TI Possible use of foresight, understanding, and planning by wolves hunting muskoxen SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; cooperative hunting; foresight in wolves; muskoxen; Ovibos moschatus; planning in wolves; strategy; understanding in wolves; wolf ID WOLF; BEHAVIOR; DECLINE; PACK AB On Ellesmere Island in 2006, arctic wolves (Canis lupus arctos) were observed making a two-pronged approach to a herd of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) and, on another occasion, ambushing muskoxen. Both observations seemed to provide evidence that the wolves were using foresight, understanding, and planning. Although the possible use of insight and purposiveness has been documented in captive wolves, the present report is one of the few to document the possibility that free-ranging wolves use these other three mental processes. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM david_mech@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 24 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD JUN PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 145 EP 149 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 184RP UT WOS:000247659800004 ER PT J AU Smith, TS Partridge, ST Amstrup, SC Schliebe, S AF Smith, Tom S. Partridge, Steven T. Amstrup, Steven C. Schliebe, Scott TI Post-den emergence behavior of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in northern Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Alaska; behavior; den emergence; maternity den; North Slope; polar bear; Ursus maritimus ID DISTURBANCE; ECOLOGY; ICE AB We observed polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternity den sites on Alaska's North Slope in March 2002 and 2003 in an effort to describe bears' post-den emergence behavior. During 40 sessions spanning 459 h, we observed 8 adults and 14 dependent cubs outside dens for 37.5 h (8.2% of total observation time). There was no significant difference between den emergence dates in 2002 (mean = 15 Mar +/- 4.1 d) and 2003 (mean = 21 Mar +/- 2.1 d). Following initial den breakout, polar bears remained at their den sites for 1.5 to 14 days (mean = 8.1 +/- 5.1 d). The average length of stay in dens between emergent periods was significantly shorter in 2002 (1.79 h) than in 2003 (4.82 h). While outside, adult bears were inactive 49.5% of the time, whereas cubs were inactive 13.4% of the time. We found no significant relationships between den emergence activity and weather. Adult polar bears at den sites subjected to industrial activity exhibited significantly fewer bouts of vigilance than denned bears in undisturbed areas (t = -5.5164, df = 4, p = 0.00). However, the duration of vigilance behaviors at sites near industrial activity was not significantly shorter than at the other sites studied (t = -1.8902, df = 4, p = 0.07). Results for these bears were within the range of findings in other studies of denned polar bears. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Smith, TS (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci Dept, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM tom_smith@byu.edu NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD JUN PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 184RP UT WOS:000247659800008 ER PT J AU Hedman, MM Nicholson, PD Salo, H Wallis, BD Buratti, BJ Baines, KH Brown, RH Clark, RN AF Hedman, Matthew M. Nicholson, Philip D. Salo, Heikki Wallis, Bradford D. Buratti, Bonnie J. Baines, Kevin H. Brown, Robert H. Clark, Roger N. TI Self-gravity wake structures in Saturn's a ring revealed by Cassini vims SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets : rings ID VOYAGER OBSERVATIONS; STELLAR OCCULTATION; DISPERSION; GAP AB During the summer of 2005, the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer onboard the Cassini spacecraft observed a series of occultations of the star o Ceti ( Mira) by Saturn's rings. These observations revealed pronounced variations in the optical depth of the A ring with longitude, which can be attributed to oriented structures in the rings known as self-gravity wakes. While the wakes themselves are only tens of meters across and below the resolution of the measurements, we are able to obtain information about the orientation and shapes of these structures by comparing the observed transmission at different longitudes with predictions from a simple model. Our findings include the following: ( 1) The orientation of the wakes varies systematically with radius, trailing by between 64 degrees and 72 degrees relative to the local radial direction. ( 2) The maximum transmission peaks at roughly 8% for B = 3.45 degrees in the middle A ring ( similar to 129,000 km). ( 3) Both the wake orientation and maximum transmission vary anomalously in the vicinity of two strong density waves ( Janus 5: 4 and Mimas 5: 3). ( 4) The ratio of the wake vertical thickness H to the wake pattern wavelength lambda ( assuming infinite, straight, regularly-spaced wake structures) varies from 0.12 to 0.09 across the A ring. Gravitational instability theory predicts lambda similar to 60 m, which suggests that the wake structures in the A ring are only similar to 6 m thick. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Oulu, Astron Div, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hedman, MM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 25 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 6 BP 2624 EP 2629 DI 10.1086/516828 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 175BO UT WOS:000246987400015 ER PT J AU Griffin, DW Kubilay, N Kocak, M Gray, MA Borden, TC Shinn, EA AF Griffin, Dale W. Kubilay, Nilguen Kocak, Mustafa Gray, Mike A. Borden, Timothy C. Shinn, Eugene A. TI Airborne desert dust and aeromicrobiology over the Turkish Mediterranean coastline SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Turkey; Middle East; desert dust; African dust; microbiology; aerobiology; bacteria; fungi; public health; Mediterranean; ecosystem health ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; AMBIENT FUNGAL SPORES; MINERAL DUST; AIR-DUST; TRANSPORT; PRECIPITATION; MICROORGANISMS; ULTRAVIOLET; BACTERIA; SAHARA AB Between 18 March and 27 October 2002, 220 air samples were collected on 209 of 224 calendar days, on top of a coastal atmospheric research tower in Erdemli, Turkey. The volume of air filtered for each sample was 340 liters. Two hundred fifty-seven bacterial and 2598 fungal colony forming units (CFU) were enumerated from the samples using a low-nutrient agar. Ground-based dust measurements demonstrated that the region is routinely impacted by dust generated regionally and from North Africa and that the highest combined percent recovery of total CFU and African dust deposition occurred in the month of April (93.4% of CFU recovery and 91.1% of dust deposition occurred during African dust days versus no African dust present, for that month). A statistically significant correlation was observed (peak regional African dust months of March, April and May; r(s) = 0.576, P = 0.000) between an increase in the prevalence of microorganisms recovered from atmospheric samples on dust days (regional and African as determined by ground-based dust measurements), versus that observed on non-dust days. Given the prevalence of atmospherically suspended desert dust and microorganisms observed in this study, and that culture-based studies typically only recover a small fraction (< 1.0%) of the actual microbial population in any given environment, dust-borne microorganisms and other associated constituents (organic detritus, toxins, etc.) may play a significant role in the regional human and ecosystem health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, TR-33731 Mersin, Turkey. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Griffin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM dgriffin@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 65 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 19 BP 4050 EP 4062 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.023 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 177PM UT WOS:000247165000009 ER PT J AU Hilderbrand, RH Gardner, RH Ratnaswamy, MJ Keller, CE AF Hilderbrand, Robert H. Gardner, Robert H. Ratnaswamy, Mary J. Keller, Cherry E. TI Evaluating population persistence of Delmarva fox squirrels and potential impacts of climate change SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE extinction risk; environmental autocorrelation; persistence; climate change; endangered species ID ANIMAL POPULATIONS; NOISE COLOR; AUTOCORRELATION; VARIABILITY; SYNCHRONY; DYNAMICS; RATES; FLUCTUATIONS; ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS AB In addition to the combined effects of forest fragmentation, habitat loss, and population isolation on the long-term persistence of many species including the endangered Delmarva fox squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus), future changes in climate may make existing habitats less productive and more variable. The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for the Delmarva Peninsula of the mid-Atlantic USA, reveals a trend for longer durations of potentially unfavorable conditions for fox squirrel population growth. We used a stochastic population matrix model and available life history information to assess population extinction risk for the Delmarva fox squirrel under a number of scenarios of landscape change and environmental variation, including uncertainties in the future range of climate patterns. Patch size (carrying capacity) was the most important factor influencing persistence of isolated populations. Extinction risk increased markedly across all patch sizes when year to year patterns in environmental variability were autocorrelated to match regional patterns in the PDSI. Increased autocorrelation matching the regional PSDI increased extinction risk, ranging from a factor of 5 to a factor of over 100 in some scenarios when compared to uncorrelated patterns in environmental variability. Increasing the range of variation in survival probabilities was less important to persistence, but its effect also increased when year-to-year changes were autocorrelated in time. Comparing model results with the size and landscape configuration of currently occupied patches on the Delmarva Peninsula showed that many existing populations are above the size threshold identified by these simulations for long-term persistence under current conditions, but these may become vulnerable should climate variability increase and adverse conditions persist for several years at a time. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Hilderbrand, RH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, 301 Braddock Rd, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. EM hilderbrand@al.umces.edu RI Hilderbrand, Robert/H-9807-2013 OI Hilderbrand, Robert/0000-0003-0923-7699 NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 137 IS 1 BP 70 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.01.015 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 183OZ UT WOS:000247583400007 ER PT J AU Dunn, RR Parker, CR Sanders, NJ AF Dunn, Robert R. Parker, Charles R. Sanders, Nathan J. TI Temporal patterns of diversity: Assessing the biotic and abiotic controls on ant assemblages SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ant diversity; competition; Great Smoky Mountains National Park; mid-domain effect null models; phenology; southern Appalachians ID INVASIVE ARGENTINE ANT; SPECIES RICHNESS; ARTHROPOD COMMUNITY; LINEPITHEMA HUMILE; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE; WOODLAND ANTS; MEAT ANTS; ORGANIZATION; RESOURCE; FOREST AB In this study, we use 12 months of data from 11 ant assemblages to test whether seasonal variation in ant diversity is governed by either the structuring influences of interspecific competition or environmental conditions. Because the importance of competition might vary along environmental gradients, we also test whether the signature of competition depends on elevation. We find little evidence that competition structures the seasonal patterns of activity in the ant assemblages considered, but find support for the effects of temperature on seasonal patterns of diversity, especially at low-elevation sites. Although, in general, both competition and the environment interact to structure ant assemblages, our results suggest that environmental conditions are the primary force structuring the seasonal activity of the ant assemblages studied here. (C) 2007 The Linnean Society of London. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, David Clark Labs 120, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USGS, Biol Resources Discipline, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dunn, RR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, David Clark Labs 120, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rrdunn@ncsu.edu RI Sanders, Nathan/A-6945-2009; Dunn, Robert/B-1360-2013 OI Sanders, Nathan/0000-0001-6220-6731; NR 55 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00783.x PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 171ST UT WOS:000246756400001 ER PT J AU Hooten, MB Wikle, CK Dorazio, RM Royle, JA AF Hooten, Mevin B. Wikle, Christopher K. Dorazio, Robert M. Royle, J. Andrew TI Hierarchical spatiotemporal matrix models for characterizing invasions SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE animal dispersal; detection probability; hierarchical Bayesian models; invasive species; population models; spatiotemporal dynamics ID BINOMIAL-DISTRIBUTION; BAYESIAN MODELS; COLLARED-DOVE; N-ESTIMATORS; SPREAD; POPULATIONS; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS; VARIABILITY; DEMOGRAPHY AB The growth and dispersal of biotic organisms is an important subject in ecology. Ecologists are able to accurately describe survival and fecundity in plant and animal populations and have developed quantitative approaches to study the dynamics of dispersal and population size. Of particular interest are the dynamics of invasive species. Such nonindigenous animals and plants can levy significant impacts on native biotic communities. Effective models for relative abundance have been developed; however, a better understanding of the dynamics of actual population size (as opposed to relative abundance) in an invasion would be beneficial to all branches of ecology. In this article, we adopt a hierarchical Bayesian framework for modeling the invasion of such species while addressing the discrete nature of the data and uncertainty associated with the probability of detection. The nonlinear dynamics between discrete time points are intuitively modeled through an embedded deterministic population model with density-dependent growth and dispersal components. Additionally, we illustrate the importance of accommodating spatially varying dispersal rates. The method is applied to the specific case of the Eurasian Collared-Dove, an invasive species at mid-invasion in the United States at the time of this writing. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Florida, USGS Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Hooten, MB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mevin.hooten@usu.edu OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 42 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD JUN PY 2007 VL 63 IS 2 BP 558 EP 567 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00725.x PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 172ZS UT WOS:000246843900028 PM 17688508 ER PT J AU Mee, A Rideout, BA Hamber, JA Todd, JN Austin, G Clark, M Wallace, MP AF Mee, Allan Rideout, Bruce A. Hamber, Janet A. Todd, J. Nick Austin, Greg Clark, Mike Wallace, Michael P. TI Junk ingestion and nestling mortality in a reintroduced population of California Condors Gymnogyps californianus SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID VULTURES; CARNIVORES; BONES AB Ingestion of foreign anthropogenic material, here called junk, has been documented in many avian taxa but has become especially problematic in some Old World Gyps vulture populations within the last 30 years. Here, we document the effects of ingested junk on a reintroduced population of the Critically Endangered California Condor Gymnogyps californianus in southern California, U.S.A. Of 13 breeding attempts to date (2001-2005), only one has resulted in successful fledging. of nests where either the nest substrate was sifted (n = 10) or nestlings (n = 8) were examined, all but one held junk. Nine nestlings hatched in the wild between 2002 and 2005; of these six died at or near nests and two were removed from the wild for health reasons. Four dead nestlings and two removed from the wild held substantial quantities of junk. In two cases, junk ingestion was determined to be the cause of death. Five of six dead nestlings had elevated hepatic copper levels (150-531 ppm dry weight) although the significance of this, if any, remains undetermined. In comparison with historic condor nests (n = 69), junk was more prevalent and of greater size and quantity in reintroduced condor nests. To date, junk ingestion has been the primary cause of nest failure in the reintroduced condor population and threatens the reestablishment of a viable breeding population in southern California. C1 Killarney Co, Kerry, Ireland. San Diego Zoo, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz Predatory Bird Res Grp, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura, CA 93305 USA. Los Angeles Zoo, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Mee, A (reprint author), Killarney Co, Killarney Natl Pk, Kerry, Ireland. EM allan.mee@ireland.com NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 35 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1017/S095927090700069X PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 189LA UT WOS:000247989200003 ER PT J AU Delle Donne, D Piccardi, L Odum, JK Stephenson, WJ Williams, RA AF Delle Donne, Dario Piccardi, Luigi Odum, Jackson K. Stephenson, William J. Williams, Robert A. TI High-resolution shallow reflection seismic image and surface evidence of the Upper Tiber Basin active faults (Northern Apennines, Italy) SO BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETA GEOLOGICA ITALIANA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd GNGTS Congress CY DEC 14-16, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP Bollettino Soc Geol Italiana DE Northern Apennines; active faults; reflection seismic prospecting ID ANGLE NORMAL FAULTS; EXTENSION; MODEL; AREA; ZONE AB Shallow seismic reflection prospecting has been carried out in order to investigate the faults that bound to the southwest and northeast the Quaternary Upper Tiber Basin (Northern Apennines, Italy). On the northeastern margin of the basin a similar to 1 kin long reflection seismic profile images a fault segment and the associated up to 100 meters thick sediment wedge. Across the southwestern margin a 0.5 km-long seismic profile images a 50-55 degrees-dipping extensional fault, that projects to the scarp at the base of the range-front, and against which a 100 in thick syn-tectonic sediment wedge has formed. The integration of surface and sub-surface data allows to estimate at least 190 meters of vertical displacement along the fault and a slip rate around 0.25 m/kyr. Southwestern fault might also be interpreted as the main splay structure of regional Alto Tiberina extensional fault. At last, the 1917 Monterchi earthquake (Imax=X, Boschi et alii, 2000) is correlable with an activation of the southwestern fault, and thus suggesting the seismogenic character of this latter. C1 Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-50121 Florence, Italy. Inst Geosci & Georesources, CNR, Florence, Italy. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Delle Donne, D (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Via G La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy. EM dario.delledonne@unifi.it RI Piccardi, Luigi/G-9552-2013; OI Piccardi, Luigi/0000-0001-6964-3205; Delle Donne, Dario/0000-0001-6085-3118 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOCIETA GEOLOGICA ITALIANA PI ROME PA UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI LA SAPIENZA, PIAZZALE ALDO MORO 5, ROME, 00185, ITALY SN 0037-8763 J9 B SOC GEOL ITAL JI Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 126 IS 2 BP 323 EP 331 PG 9 WC Geology SC Geology GA 200BG UT WOS:000248738300014 ER PT J AU Hardebeck, JL Michael, AJ Brocher, TM AF Hardebeck, Jeanne L. Michael, Andrew J. Brocher, Thomas M. TI Seismic velocity structure and seismotectonics of the eastern San Francisco Bay Region, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HAYWARD FAULT; DIFFERENCE EARTHQUAKE LOCATION; 1989 LOMA-PRIETA; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; CREEP RATE; SEQUENCE; SLIP; TOMOGRAPHY; MECHANICS; ANDREAS AB The Hayward Fault System is considered the most likely fault system in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, to produce a major earthquake in the next 30 years. To better understand this fault system, we use microseismicity to study its structure and kinematics. We present a new 3D seismic-velocity model for the eastern San Francisco Bay region., using microseismicity and controlled sources, which reveals a similar to 10% velocity contrast across the Hayward fault in the upper 10 km, with higher velocity in the Franciscan Complex to the west relative to the Great Valley Sequence to the east. This contrast is imaged more sharply in our localized model than in previous regional-scale models. Thick Cenozoic sedimentary basins, such as the Livermore basin, which may experience particularly strong shaking during an earthquake, are imaged in the model. The accurate earthquake locations and focal mechanisms obtained by using the 3D model allow us to study fault complexity and its implications for seismic hazard. The relocated hypocenters along the Hayward Fault in general are consistent with a near-vertical or steeply east-dipping fault zone. The southern Hayward fault merges smoothly with the Calaveras fault at depth, suggesting that large earthquakes may rupture across both faults. The use of the 3D velocity model reveals that most earthquakes along the Hayward fault have near-vertical strike-slip focal mechanisms, consistent with the large-scale orientation and sense of slip of the fault, with no evidence for zones of complex fracturing acting as barriers to earthquake rupture. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hardebeck, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhardebeck@usgs.gov RI Michael, Andrew/A-5059-2010; OI Michael, Andrew/0000-0002-2403-5019; Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X; Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 NR 61 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 3 BP 826 EP 842 DI 10.1785/0120060032 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 175ZM UT WOS:000247052500010 ER PT J AU Holzer, TL Youd, TL AF Holzer, Thomas L. Youd, T. Leslie TI Liquefaction, ground oscillation, and soil deformation at the Wildlife array, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DETERMINISTIC ASSESSMENT; PIEZOMETER PERFORMANCE; SITE; EARTHQUAKE AB Excess pore-water pressure and liquefaction at the Wildlife Liquefaction Array in 1987 were caused by deformation associated with both high-frequency strong ground motion and 5.5-second-period Love waves. The Love waves produced large (similar to 1.5%) cyclic shear strains well after the stronger high-frequency ground motion abated. These cyclic strains generated approximately from 13 to 35% of the excess pore-water pressure in the liquefied layer and caused excess pore-water pressures ultimately to reach effective overburden stress. The deformation associated with the Love waves explains the "post-earthquake" increase of pore-water pressure that was recorded at the array. This explanation suggests that conventional methods for predicting liquefaction based on peak ground acceleration are incomplete and may need to consider cyclic strains associated with long-period surface waves. A post-earthquake survey of an inclinometer casing indicated permanent shear strain associated with lateral spreading primarily occurred in the upper part of the liquefied layer. Comparison of cone penetration test soundings conducted after the earthquake with pre-earthquake soundings suggests sleeve friction increased. Natural lateral variability of the liquefied layer obscured changes in tip resistance despite a similar to 1% reduction in volume. The large oscillatory motion associated with surface waves explains ground oscillation that has been reported at some liquefaction sites during earthquakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Holzer, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 3 BP 961 EP 976 DI 10.1785/0120060156 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 175ZM UT WOS:000247052500018 ER PT J AU Willis, JB Haeussler, PJ Bruhn, RL Willis, GC AF Willis, Julie B. Haeussler, Peter J. Bruhn, Ronald L. Willis, Grant C. TI Holocene slip rate for the western segment of the Castle Mountain fault, Alaska SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID COOK INLET BASIN; DEFORMATION; TECTONICS AB The western segment of the Castle Mountain fault poses a significant seismic hazard to the most populated region of south-central Alaska. We identify a previously unrecognized margin of a postglacial outwash channel that is offset right laterally 36 4 m across the western segment of the Castle Mountain fault. This offset occurred after glaciers withdrew from the lowland 11,300-15,380 cal yr B.P. and after outwash channel margins were cut and stabilized 11,210-13,470 cal yr B.P. Using these ages and the measured separation, we obtain a maximum slip rate of 3.0 +/- 0.6 mm yr(-1) and a minimum slip rate of 2.8 +/- 0.7 mm yr(-1). These are the first lateral slip rates for the Castle Mountain fault established by a field measurement. Based on timing of the most recent earthquake, 670 60 yr B.P., the Castle Mountain fault could have accumulated an average single-event slip of about 1.9 m (extremes range from 1.3 to 2.6 m). The fault consists of two segments; a surface-rupturing earthquake likely will be limited to the 62-km-long western segment. Area-magnitude regression calculations suggest that such an earthquake on the western Castle Mountain fault would have a moment magnitude of 6.9 to 7.3. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Utah Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. RP Willis, JB (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 3 BP 1019 EP 1024 DI 10.1785/0120060109 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 175ZM UT WOS:000247052500023 ER PT J AU Patrick, MR Harris, AJL Ripepe, M Dehn, J Rothery, DA Calvari, S AF Patrick, Matthew R. Harris, Andrew J. L. Ripepe, Maurizio Dehn, Jonathan Rothery, David A. Calvari, Sonia TI Strombolian explosive styles and source conditions: insights from thermal (FLIR) video SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FLIR; Stromboli volcano; monitoring; thermal imaging; eruption dynamics ID VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; CINDER-CONE; SCORIA CONE; ETNA; MECHANISMS; GROWTH; PERIOD; CRATER; RADAR; MAGMA AB Forward Looking Infrared Radiometer (FLIR) cameras offer a unique view of explosive volcanism by providing an image of calibrated temperatures. In this study, 344 eruptive events at Stromboli volcano, Italy, were imaged in 2001-2004 with a FLIR camera operating at up to 30 Hz. The FLIR was effective at revealing both ash plumes and coarse ballistic scoria, and a wide range of eruption styles was recorded. Eruptions at Stromboli can generally be classified into two groups: Type 1 eruptions, which are dominated by coarse ballistic particles, and Type 2 eruptions, which consist of an optically-thick, ash-rich plume, with (Type 2a) or without (Type 2b) large numbers of ballistic particles. Furthermore, Type 2a plumes exhibited gas thrust velocities (> 15 m s(-1)) while Type 2b plumes were limited to buoyant velocities (< 15 m s(-1)) above the crater rim. A given vent would normally maintain a particular gross eruption style (Type 1 vs. 2) for days to weeks, indicating stability of the uppermost conduit on these timescales. Velocities at the crater rim had a range of 3-101 m s(-1), with an overall mean value of 24 m s(-1). Mean crater rim velocities by eruption style were: Type 1 = 34 m s(-1), Type 2a=31 m s(-1), Type 2 m s(-1). Eruption durations had a range of 6-41 s, with a mean of 15 s, similar among eruption styles. The ash in Type 2 eruptions originates from either backfilled material (crater wall slumping or ejecta rollback) or rheological changes in the uppermost magma column. Type 2a and 2b behaviors are shown to be a function of the overpressure of the bursting slug. In general, our imaging data support a broadening of the current paradigm for strombolian behavior, incorporating an uppermost conduit that can be more variable than is commonly considered. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-50121 Florence, Italy. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-95123 Catania, Italy. RP Patrick, MR (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM mpatrick@mtu.edu RI Calvari, Sonia/A-3465-2013; OI Calvari, Sonia/0000-0001-8189-5499; Ripepe, Maurizio/0000-0002-1787-5618 NR 54 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 69 IS 7 BP 769 EP 784 DI 10.1007/s00445-006-0107-0 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 180SF UT WOS:000247385400004 ER PT J AU Fellers, GM Osbourn, MS AF Fellers, Gary M. Osbourn, Michael S. TI Abundance and impacts of fallow deer leks at Point Reyes National Seashore SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID DAMA-DAMA AB Fallow deer, Dama dama, were released at Point Reyes National Seashore in the 1940s. A population of about 860 of these non-native deer are now well-established within the park. Fallow deer have an unusual mating system. During the fall, males establish areas known as leks where they display to potential mates. A fallow deer lek is typically an area of 100-150 m(2) and usually includes 2-5 males. Using their hooves and antlers, each male clears away most or all of the vegetation and digs a rutting pit that he defends throughout the breeding season. A total of 159 fallow deer leks was located within the 298.8 ha of our study areas. In the Olema Valley, where fallow deer densities are high, there were 116 leks, compared with 43 in the similar sized Estero trailhead study area, where deer density was moderate. A total of 705 rutting pits was found in the two study areas, with a mean of 5.1 pits per lek in the Olema Valley and 2.5 for Estero trailhead. The leks and associated pits have resulted in damage to both the ground and the associated vegetation, especially in riparian areas. C1 USGS Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP Fellers, GM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, 105 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM gary_fellers@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SUM PY 2007 VL 93 IS 3 BP 149 EP 160 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 198ZQ UT WOS:000248666400003 ER PT J AU Neumayr, P Hagemann, SG Banks, DA Yardley, BWD Couture, JF Landis, GP Rye, R AF Neumayr, P. Hagemann, S. G. Banks, D. A. Yardley, B. W. D. Couture, J.-F. Landis, G. P. Rye, R. TI Fluid chemistry and evolution of hydrothermal fluids in an Archaean transcrustal fault zone network: the case of the Cadillac Tectonic Zone, Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LODE GOLD DEPOSITS; BEARING QUARTZ VEINS; OXYGEN ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; VAL-DOR; SUPERIOR-PROVINCE; SHEAR ZONES; PONTIAC SUBPROVINCE; AGE CONSTRAINTS; SIGMA-MINE AB Detailed fluid geochemistry studies on hydrothermal quartz veins from the Rouyn-Noranda and Val-d'Or areas along the transcrustal Cadillac Tectonic Zone (CTZ) indicate that unmineralized (with respect to gold) sections of the CTZ contained a distinct CO2-dominated, H2S-Poor hydrothermal fluid. In contrast, both gold mineralized sections of the CTZ (e.g., at Orenada #2) and associated higher order shear zones have a H2OCO2 CH4-NaCl hydrothermal fluid. Their CO2/H2S ratios indicate H2S-rich compositions. The Br/Cl compositions in fluid inclusions trapped in these veins indicate that hydrothermal fluids have been equilibrated with the crust. Oxygen isotope ratios from hydrothermal quartz veins in the CTZ are consistently 2 parts per thousand more enriched than those of associated higher order shear zones, which are interpreted to be a function of greater fluid/rock ratios in the CTZ and lower fluid/rock ratios, and more efficient equilibration of the hydrothermal fluid with the wall rock, in higher order shear zones. An implication from this study is that the lower metal endowment of the transcrustal CTZ, when compared with the higher metal endowment in higher order shear zones (ratio of about I : 1000), may be the result of the lack of significant amounts of H2O-H2S rich fluids in most of the CTZ. In contrast, gold mineralization in the higher order shear zones appear to be controlled by the high H2S activity of the aqueous fluids, because gold was likely transported in a bisulfide complex and was deposited during sulfidation reactions in the wall rock and phase separation in the quartz veins. C1 Univ Western Australia, Ctr Explorating Targeting, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. SRK Toronto, Toronto, ON M5H 2T, Canada. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Neumayr, P (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Ctr Explorating Targeting, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. EM pneumayr@cyllene.uwa.edu.au NR 76 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 745 EP 773 DI 10.1139/E06-130 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 210BM UT WOS:000249431700003 ER PT J AU Behrens, MD Lafferty, KD AF Behrens, Michael D. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Temperature and diet effects on omnivorous fish performance: implications for the latitudinal diversity gradient in herbivorous fishes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RNA-DNA RATIO; GROWTH; LARVAE; COMMUNITIES; CONSUMPTION; INDICATORS; PATTERNS; SEA AB Herbivorous fishes show a clear latitudinal diversity gradient, making up a larger proportion of the fish species in a community in tropical waters than in temperate waters. One proposed mechanism that could drive this gradient is a physiological constraint due to temperature. One prediction based on this mechanism is that if herbivorous fishes could shift their diet to animal material, they would be better able to grow, survive, and reproduce in cold waters. We tested this prediction on the omnivore Girella nigricans under different temperature and diet regimes using RNA-DNA ratios as an indicator of performance. Fish had increased performance (100%) at low temperatures (12 degrees C) when their diet was supplemented with animal material. In contrast, at higher temperatures (17, 22, and 27 degrees C) fish showed no differences between diets. This indicates that omnivorous fishes could increase their performance at low temperatures by consuming more animal matter. This study supports the hypothesis that a relative increase in the nutritional value of plant material at warmer temperatures could drive the latitudinal diversity gradient in herbivorous fishes. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Behrens, MD (reprint author), Pacific Lutheran Univ, Dept Biol, Tacoma, WA 98447 USA. EM behrenmd@plu.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 26 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 64 IS 6 BP 867 EP 873 DI 10.1139/F07-063 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 197RD UT WOS:000248572900003 ER PT J AU Mason, DD Barboza, PS Ward, DH AF Mason, D. D. Barboza, P. S. Ward, D. H. TI Mass dynamics of wintering Pacific Black Brant: body, adipose tissue, organ, and muscle masses vary with location SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID DARK-EYED JUNCOS; CANADA GEESE; ANNUAL CYCLE; CARCASS COMPOSITION; SPRING MIGRATION; NORTH PACIFIC; SHOT MALLARDS; FAT RESERVES; SAN-QUINTIN; SNOW GEESE AB We compared body size and mass of the whole body, organs, adipose tissue, and muscles of adult Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans (Lawrence, 1846)) collected concurrently in Alaska and Baja California during the fall, winter, and spring of 2002-2003. Head and tarsal lengths of males were similar between sites and slightly larger for females in Alaska than in Baja California. Brant appear to operate under similar physiological bounds, but patterns of nutrient allocation differ between sites. Birds wintering in Alaska lost similar amounts of adipose tissue during early winter as birds in Baja California gained during late winter before migration. Masses of the body, adipose tissue, and flight muscles during mid-winter were similar between sites. Seasonal adipose tissue deposition may, therefore, equally favor winter residency or long-distance migration. Gonad and liver masses increased in late winter for birds in Alaska but not for those in Baja California, suggesting birds wintering in Baja may delay reproductive development in favor of allocating reserves needed for migration. Phenotypic flexibility allows Brant to use widely divergent wintering sites. The wintering location of Brant likely depends more upon changes in environmental conditions and food availability, than upon physiological differences between the two wintering populations. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Mason, DD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM mason@gmail.com NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 6 BP 728 EP 736 DI 10.1139/Z07-050 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 197XM UT WOS:000248590400007 ER PT J AU Skulan, J Bullen, T Anbar, AD Puzas, JE Shackelford, L LeBlanc, A Smith, SM AF Skulan, Joseph Bullen, Thomas Anbar, Ariel D. Puzas, J. Edward Shackelford, Linda LeBlanc, Adrian Smith, Scott M. TI Natural calcium isotopic composition of urine as a marker of bone mineral balance SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OSTEOPOROSIS; METABOLISM; KINETICS; FRACTIONATION; MONITOR; CA-41 AB Background :We investigated whether changes in the natural isotopic composition of calcium in human urine track changes in net bone mineral balance, as predicted by a model of calcium isotopic behavior in vertebrates. If so, isotopic analysis of natural urine or blood calcium could be used to monitor short-term changes in bone mineral balance that cannot be detected with other techniques. Methods: Calcium isotopic compositions are expressed as delta Ca-44, or the difference in parts per thousand between the Ca-44/Ca-40 of a sample and the Ca-44/Ca-40 of a standard reference material. 644 Ca. was measured in urine samples from 10 persons who participated in a study of the effectiveness of countermeasures to bone loss in spaceflight, in which 17 weeks of bed rest was used to induce bone loss. Study participants were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: controls received no treatment, one treatment group received alendronate, and another group performed resistive exercise. Measurements were made on urine samples collected before, at 2 or 3 points during, and after bed rest. Results: Urine 844 Ca values during bed rest were lower in controls than in individuals treated with alendronate (P <0.05, ANOVA) or exercise (P <0.05), and lower than the control group baseline (P <0.05, t-test). Results were consistent with the model and with biochemical and bone mineral density data. Conclusion: Results confirm the predicted relationship between bone mineral balance and calcium isotopes, suggesting that calcium isotopic analysis of urine might be refined into a clinical and research tool. (C) 2007 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Branch Reg Res, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Orthopaed, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Skulan, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jlskulan@geology.wisc.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES 01247-24] NR 19 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1155 EP 1158 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2006.080143 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 172UP UT WOS:000246830300026 PM 17463176 ER PT J AU Conlon, JM Bevier, CR Coquet, L Leprince, J Jouenne, T Vaudry, H Hossack, BR AF Conlon, J. Michael Bevier, Catherine R. Coquet, Laurent Leprince, Jerome Jouenne, Thierry Vaudry, Hubert Hossack, Blake R. TI Peptidomic analysis of skin secretions supports separate species status for the tailed frogs, Ascaphus truei and Ascaphus montanus SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Ascaphus truei; Ascaphus montanus; phylogeography; antimicrobial peptide; Ascaphin ID PRIMITIVE EXTANT FROG; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; METABOLIC-RATE; RANA; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; HISTORY AB The tailed frog Ascaphus truei Stejneger, 1899 is the most primitive extant anuran and the sister taxon to the clade of all other living frogs. The species occupies two disjunct ranges in the Northwest region of North America: the Cascade Mountains and coastal area from British Columbia to Northern California, and an inland range in the northern Rocky Mountains and the Blue and Wallowa mountains. A previous study led to the isolation of eight peptides with antimicrobial activity (termed the ascaphins) from skin secretions of A. truei from the coastal range. The present study has used peptidomic analysis to identify the products of orthologous ascaphin genes in electrically-stimulated skin secretions from inland range specimens. Structural characterization of the peptides demonstrated that ascaphins from the inland range contained the following amino acid substitutions compared with orthologs from the coastal range frogs: ascaphin-1 (Ala(12) -> Glu), ascaphin-3 (ASP(4) -> Glu), ascaphin-4 (Ala(19) -> Ser), ascaphin-5 (Lys(12) -> Thr), and ascaphin-7 (Gly(8) -> Ser and Ser(20) -> Asn). Orthologs of ascaphins-2, -6, and -8 were not identified but a paralog of ascaphin-5, identical to ascaphin-5 from coastal range frogs, was found. The data support the claims, derived from analysis of the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial genes, that the inland populations of the tailed frog should be recognized as a distinct species, the Rocky Mountain tailed frog Ascaphus montanus and that the divergence of the species from A. truei probably occurred in the late Miocene (approximately 10 Mya). (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 United Arab Emirates Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem, Al Ain 17666, U Arab Emirates. Colby Coll, Dept Biol, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. Univ Rouen, European Inst Peptide Res, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France. Univ Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6522, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France. Univ Rouen, CNRS, INSERM, U413, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France. US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Conlon, JM (reprint author), United Arab Emirates Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem, Al Ain 17666, U Arab Emirates. EM jmconlon@uaeu.ac.ae RI Bevier, Catherine/K-1753-2016; JOUANIN, STEPHANE/Q-8209-2016; OI JOUANIN, STEPHANE/0000-0001-6027-5020; Conlon, John Michael/0000-0002-4343-1551; jouenne, thierry/0000-0003-0994-9944 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1744-117X J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS D JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part D-Genomics Proteomics PD JUN PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.cbd.2007.01.003 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 171QG UT WOS:000246749900004 PM 20483285 ER PT J AU Schrey, AW Sloss, BL Sheehan, RJ Heidinger, RC Heist, EJ AF Schrey, A. W. Sloss, B. L. Sheehan, R. J. Heidinger, R. C. Heist, E. J. TI Genetic discrimination of middle Mississippi River Scaphirhynchus sturgeon into pallid, shovelnose, and putative hybrids with multiple microsatellite loci SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Scaphirhynchus; microsatellite; assignment testing; endangered species; species identification ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ASSIGNMENT METHODS; HYBRIDIZATION; PLATORYNCHUS; CONSERVATION; DIFFERENTIATION; INDIVIDUALS; SIMULATION; INFERENCE AB The pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus), which is protected under the US endangered species act, and shovelnose sturgeon (S. platorhynchus), which is legally harvested in some locations, are sympatric throughout the range of pallid sturgeon. There is considerable morphological overlap between the species making discrimination problematic. The inability to reliably differentiate between species across all life stages has hampered pallid sturgeon recovery efforts. Furthermore, the two species are believed to hybridize. This study used allele frequency data at multiple microsatellite loci to perform Bayesian and likelihood-based assignment testing and morphological measures and meristics to discriminate pallid, shovelnose, and putative hybrid sturgeons from the middle Mississippi River. Bayesian model-based clustering of the genetic data indicated that two natural genetic units occur in the region. These units correspond to morphologically identified pallid and shovelnose sturgeon. Some individuals were morphologically intermediate and many of these failed to strongly assign genetically as either pallid or shovelnose sturgeon, suggesting they may be hybrids. These data indicate that pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon are genetically distinct in the middle Mississippi River (F-ST = 0.036, P < 0.0001) and suggest that hybridization between pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon has occurred in this region with genetic distance estimates indicating the greatest distance is between pallid and shovelnose sturgeon, while hybrid sturgeon are intermediate but closer to shovelnose. This study demonstrates that assignment testing with multiple microsatellite markers can be successful at discriminating pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon, providing a valuable resource for pallid sturgeon recovery and conservation. C1 So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fisheries Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Schrey, AW (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Life Sci 2 Room 173,1125 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM aschrey@siu.edu RI Heist, Ed/A-8703-2010 OI Heist, Ed/0000-0002-9813-8950 NR 37 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3 BP 683 EP 693 DI 10.1007/s10592-006-9215-9 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 162QN UT WOS:000246103500015 ER PT J AU Papastamatiou, YP Meyer, CG Maragos, JE AF Papastamatiou, Y. P. Meyer, C. G. Maragos, J. E. TI Sharks as cleaners for reef fish SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Dept Zool, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Remote Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Papastamatiou, YP (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Dept Zool, 46-007 Lilipuna Rd, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM yannis@hawaii.edu NR 1 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 277 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s00338-007-0197-y PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 179RF UT WOS:000247307100009 ER PT J AU Garrison, JR Brinkman, D Nichols, DJ Layer, P Burge, D Thayn, D AF Garrison, James R., Jr. Brinkman, Donald Nichols, Douglas J. Layer, Paul Burge, Donald Thayn, Denise TI A multidisciplinary study of the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Mussentuchit Wash, Utah: a determination of the paleoenvironment and paleoecology of the Eolambia caroljonesa dinosaur quarry SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Albian; Cenomanian; Cedar Mountain Formation; palynology; biostratinomy; paleoecology; Ar-40/Ar-39; iguanodontid; angiosperms; dinosaurs; geochronology; lacustrine; paleoclimate; Dakota Formation; Mussentuchit Local Fauna; Yellow Cat Fauna; Mussentuchit Fauna ID RIVER FORMATION; ALBERTA; COLORADO; CANADA; CROCODYLIFORMES; GEOCHRONOLOGY; ARCHOSAURIA; MEMBER; FLORA; LASER AB A quarry within the Cedar Mountain Formation in Mussentuchit Wash, Emery County, Utah, produced a fossil assemblage containing the remains of at least eight juvenile iguanodontid dinosaurs (Eolambia caroljonesa). The Cedar Mountain Formation lies strati graphically between the Tithonian-Berriasian (Upper Jurassic) Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation and the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) Dakota Formation. Detailed stratigraphic, sedimentological, geochronological, palynological, and paleontological data have been collected along a measured section at the site of the Cifelli #2 Eolambia caroljonesa Quarry. These data provide a chronostratigraphic and a biostratigraphic framework for the Cedar Mountain Formation and allow a detailed reconstruction of the paleoenvironment and the paleoecology of the local paleogeographic area from which E. caroljonesa have been recovered. Three Ar-40/Ar-39 ages ranging from 96.7 to 98.5 Ma have been obtained three stratigraphically distinct altered volcanic ash layers within the Mussentuchit Member, one of which passes through the E. caroljonesa quarry, that indicate that the quarry is latest Albian in age and that the stratigraphic boundary between the Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation and the overlying Dakota Formation is at or near the Albian/Cenomanian boundary. Sedimentological and biostratigraphic data suggest that significant long-term and short-term climatic changes are recorded in the Cedar Mountain Formation. During deposition of the lower part of the formation, climatic conditions were warm and and to semi-arid. During deposition of the upper part of the formation, conditions became more humid. The progressive change in climatic conditions was probably related to the transgression of the Mowry Sea from the north. Cyclic sedimentation in the Mussentuchit Member suggests high-frequency changes froth wet to dry periods. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. Royal Tyrrell Museum, Drumheller, AB T0J 0Y0, Canada. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Coll Eastern Utah Prehist Museum, Alameda, CA 94501 USA. RP Garrison, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM james.garrison@tamucc.edu RI Layer, Paul/F-5465-2010 NR 57 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6671 J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 461 EP 494 DI 10.1016/j.cretres.2006.07.007 PG 34 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 179UZ UT WOS:000247316900006 ER PT J AU Ross, SW Quattrini, AM AF Ross, Steve W. Quattrini, Andrea M. TI The fish fauna associated with deep coral banks off the southeastern United States SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Review DE deep-sea corals; southeastern USA; Blake Plateau; deep-reef fishes; Lophelia ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BISCAY CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; CHARLESTON BUMP; BLAKE PLATEAU; REEF FISHES; NEW-ZEALAND; SEA CORAL; PORCUPINE SEABIGHT AB Deep-sea or cold-water corals form substantial habitat along many continental slopes, including the southeastern United States (SEUS). Despite increasing research on deep coral systems and growing appreciation of their importance to fishes, quantitative data on fish communities occupying these ecosystems are relatively lacking. Our overall goals were to document the fish species and their relative abundances and to describe the degree of general habitat specificity of the fishes on and around deep coral habitats on the SEUS slope. From 2000 to 2006, we used the Johnson-Sea-Link (JSL) submersible (65 dives, 366-783 m), supplemented with otter trawls (33 tows, 365-910 m) to document fishes and habitats from off North Carolina to east-central Florida. Eight areas with high concentrations of deep-sea corals were surveyed repeatedly. Three general habitat types (prime reef, transition reef, and off reef) were defined to determine large-scale habitat use patterns. Throughout the area, at least 99 fish species were identified, many (19%) of which yielded new distributional data. Most species observed with the JSL were on prime reef (n = 50) and transition reef (n = 42) habitats, but the off reef habitat supported a well developed, but different fauna (n = 25 species). Prime reef was characterized by Laemonema melanurum (21% of total), Nezumia sclerorhynchus (17% of total), Beryx decadactylus (14% of total), and Helicolenus dactylopterus (10% of total). The off reef areas were dominated by Fenestraja plutonia (19% of total), Laemonema barbatulum (18% of total), Myxine glutinosa (8% of total), and Chlorophthalmus agassizi (7% of total). Transition habitat exhibited a mixture of species that were also found on either prime reef or off reef habitats. Nezumia sclerorhynchus was the most abundant (25% of total) transition habitat species, followed by L. barbatulum (16% of total) and L. melanurum (14% of total). Several species (e.g., Anthias woodsi, B. decadactylus, Conger oceanicus, and Dysommina rugosa) demonstrated specificity to deep-reef habitats, while others (e.g., C. agassizi, Benthobatis marcida, F plutonia, and Phycis chesteri) were always more common away from reefs. In addition to new distributional data, we provide behavioral and biological observations for dominant species. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. RP Ross, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL USA. EM rosss@uncw.edu NR 149 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 975 EP 1007 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2007.03.010 PG 33 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 185MR UT WOS:000247715600008 ER PT J AU Cross, PC Edwards, WH Scurlock, BM Maichak, EJ Rogerson, JD AF Cross, Paul C. Edwards, William H. Scurlock, Brandon M. Maichak, Eric J. Rogerson, Jared D. TI Effects of management and climate on elk brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Brucella abortus; brucellosis; Cervus elaphus; disease management; elk; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem ( USA); supplemental feeding ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SPECIES RICHNESS; NATIONAL-PARK; DISEASE RISK; PATTERNS; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; PARASITISM; DYNAMICS; PRIMATES AB Every winter, government agencies feed similar to 6000 metric tons (6 x 10(6) kg) of hay to elk in the southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) to limit transmission of Brucella abortus, the causative agent of brucellosis, from elk to cattle. Supplemental feeding, however, is likely to increase the transmission of brucellosis in elk, and may be affected by climatic factors, such as snowpack. We assessed these possibilities using snowpack and feeding data from 1952 to 2006 and disease testing data from 1993 to 2006. Brucellosis seroprevalence was strongly correlated with the timing of the feeding season. Longer feeding seasons were associated with higher seroprevalence, but elk population size and density had only minor effects. In other words, the duration of host aggregation and whether it coincided with peak transmission periods was more important than just the host population size. Accurate modeling of disease transmission depends upon incorporating information on how host contact rates fluctuate over time relative to peak transmission periods. We also found that supplemental feeding seasons lasted longer during years with deeper snowpack. Therefore, milder winters and/or management strategies that reduce the length of the feeding season may reduce the seroprevalence of brucellosis in the elk populations of the southern GYE. C1 US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. RP Cross, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM pcross@usgs.gov RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 NR 43 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 33 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 957 EP 964 DI 10.1890/06-1603 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 170UV UT WOS:000246692300001 PM 17555209 ER PT J AU Budy, P Schaller, H AF Budy, Phaedra Schaller, Howard TI Evaluating tributary restoration potential for pacific salmon recovery SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE conservation; habitat; population viability; salmon; stream restoration; survival ID SUMMER CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; HABITAT RESTORATION; STREAM RESTORATION; DELAYED MORTALITY; LAND MANAGEMENT; SNAKE; POPULATIONS AB Although habitat restoration can play a key role in the conservation of imperiled species, for animals that demonstrate long migrations and complex life histories, reliance on physical restoration of isolated habitat patches comes with considerable uncertainty. Nevertheless, within freshwater ecosystems, stream restoration has become a major conservation focus, with millions of dollars spent annually on efforts aimed at recovering degraded habitat and imperiled riverine species. Within this context, we addressed fundamental uncertainties of the focus on tributary restoration for recovery of salmon: ( 1) Is there potential for improving habitat in tributaries? ( 2) What magnitude of early survival improvement can be expected based on stream restoration? and ( 3) Will incremental increases in early survival be sufficient to ensure viability overall? We combined simple mechanistic habitat models, population viability measures, and categorical filters to quantify "restoration potential,'' expressed as increased total life-cycle survival in response to restored tributary condition, across 32 populations composing five major population groups (MPG). A wide gap remains between how much survival improvement is needed vs. what is likely to occur; restoration potential meets the necessary minimum increase needed for only four populations within one MPG. The remaining populations (84%, 4 MPG) still fall far below the survival increase needed for future viability. In addition, across all populations and groups, a 171% increase ( on average) in total life-cycle survival is needed; only similar to 106% appears possible. A recovery strategy for these salmon that relies largely on tributary restoration to mitigate for known mortality imposed at other life stages ( e. g., migration through hydropower dams) is risky with a low probability of success. We demonstrate an approach for completing an a priori evaluation of restoration potential linked to population viability, such that habitat restoration efforts can be biologically prioritized and scarce resources can be allocated to efforts with the greatest potential and the least amount of risk, in terms of meeting conservation and recovery goals. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 101 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1068 EP 1086 DI 10.1890/06-0022 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 170UV UT WOS:000246692300011 PM 17555219 ER PT J AU McClurg, SE Petty, JT Mazik, PM Clayton, JL AF McClurg, Sarah E. Petty, J. Todd Mazik, Patricia M. Clayton, Janet L. TI Stream ecosystem response to limestone treatment in acid impacted watersheds of the Allegheny Plateau SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE acid precipitation; Allegheny Plateau (West Virginia, USA); benthic macroinvertebrates; fishes; limestone-sand treatment; nutrients; restoration effectiveness; stream ecosystem attributes; stream remediation ID EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; WEST-VIRGINIA; APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; RIVER RESTORATION; DOGWAY FORK; BROOK TROUT; SOUTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA; ISELAW-PROGRAM; MACROINVERTEBRATES AB Restoration programs are expanding worldwide, but assessments of restoration effectiveness are rare. The objectives of our study were to assess current acid-precipitation remediation programs in streams of the Allegheny Plateau ecoregion of West Virginia ( USA), identify specific attributes that could and could not be fully restored, and quantify temporal trends in ecosystem recovery. We sampled water chemistry, physical habitat, periphyton biomass, and benthic macroinvertebrate and fish community structure in three stream types: acidic ( four streams), naturally circumneutral ( eight streams), and acidic streams treated with limestone sand ( eight streams). We observed no temporal trends in ecosystem recovery in treated streams despite sampling streams that ranged from 2 to 20 years since initial treatment. Our results indicated that the application of limestone sand to acidic streams was effective in fully recovering some characteristics, such as pH, alkalinity, Ca2+, Ca:H ratios, trout biomass and density, and trout reproductive success. However, recovery of many other characteristics was strongly dependent upon spatial proximity to treatment, and still others were never fully recovered. For example, limestone treatment did not restore dissolved aluminum concentrations, macroinvertebrate taxon richness, and total fish biomass to circumneutral reference conditions. Full recovery may not be occurring because treated streams continue to drain acidic watersheds and remain isolated in a network of acidic streams. We propose a revised stream restoration plan for the Allegheny Plateau that includes restoring stream ecosystems as connected networks rather than isolated reaches and recognizes that full recovery of acidified watersheds may not be possible. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, USGS WV Cooperat & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. RP McClurg, SE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM sarahmcclurg@hotmail.com NR 79 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1087 EP 1104 DI 10.1890/06-0392 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 170UV UT WOS:000246692300012 PM 17555220 ER PT J AU Hogan, DM Walbridge, MR AF Hogan, Dianna M. Walbridge, Mark R. TI Urbanization and nutrient retention in freshwater riparian wetlands SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE impervious surface cover; iron; nutrient retention; phosphorus; riparian wetland; sediment; soil P saturation; stream; urbanization; urban land use; Virginia, USA; water quality ID PHOSPHORUS SATURATION; FORESTED WETLANDS; UNITED-STATES; PHOSPHATE SORPTION; ARABLE SOILS; STORM WATER; URBAN; IMPACTS; RUNOFF; IRON AB Urbanization can degrade water quality and alter watershed hydrology, with profound effects on the structure and function of both riparian wetlands (RWs) and aquatic ecosystems downstream. We used freshwater RWs in Fairfax County, Virginia, USA, as a model system to examine: ( 1) the effects of increasing urbanization ( indexed by the percentage of impervious surface cover [%ISC] in the surrounding watershed) on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus ( P) concentrations in surface soils and plant tissues, soil P saturation, and soil iron ( Fe) chemistry; and ( 2) relationships between RW soil and plant nutrient chemistries vs. the physical and biotic integrity of adjacent streams. Soil total P and NaOH-extractable P ( representing P bound to aluminum [Al] and Fe hydrous oxides) varied significantly but nonlinearly with %ISC (r(2) = 0.69 and 0.57, respectively); a similar pattern was found for soil P saturation but not for soil total N. Relationships were best described by second-order polynomial equations. Riparian wetlands appear to receive greater P loads in moderately (8.6-13.3% ISC) than in highly (25.1-29.1% ISC) urbanized watersheds. These observations are consistent with alterations in watershed hydrology that occur with increasing urbanization, directing water and nutrient flows away from natural RWs. Significant increases in total and crystalline soil Fe (r(2) = 0.57 and 0.53, respectively) and decreases in relative soil Fe crystallinity with increasing %ISC suggest the mobilization and deposition of terrestrial sediments in RWs, likely due to construction activities in the surrounding watershed. Increases in RW plant tissue nutrient concentrations and %ISC in the surrounding watershed were negatively correlated with standard indices of the physical and biotic integrity of adjacent streams. In combination, these data suggest that nutrient and sediment inputs associated with urbanization and storm-water management are important variables that affect wetland ecosystem services, such as water quality improvement, in urbanizing landscapes. C1 US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Hogan, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MSN 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dhogan@usgs.gov NR 95 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 9 U2 58 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1142 EP 1155 DI 10.1890/06-0185 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 170UV UT WOS:000246692300016 PM 17555224 ER PT J AU Elliott, JE Morrissey, CA Henny, CJ Inzunza, ER Shaw, P AF Elliott, John E. Morrissey, Christy A. Henny, Charles J. Inzunza, Ernesto Ruelas Shaw, Patrick TI Satellite telemetry and prey sampling reveal contaminant sources to pacific northwest Ospreys SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE DDT; Mexico; migration; Osprey; Pandion haliaetus; persistent organic pollutants; satellite telemetry ID CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; PEREGRINE FALCONS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PANDION-HALIAETUS; MIGRATION ROUTES; LATIN-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; MEXICO; RESIDUES AB Migratory behavior can be an important factor in determining contaminant exposure in avian populations. Accumulation of organochlorine (OC) pesticides while birds are wintering in tropical regions has been cited often as the reason for high concentrations in migrant populations. To explore this issue, we satellite tracked 16 Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) over the period 1996-2003 from breeding sites in British Columbia, Canada, and integrated the results into a database on 15 Ospreys that were satellite tracked over the period 1995-1999, from breeding locations in Washington and Oregon, USA. Data on wintering sites of 31 Ospreys in Mexico and Central America were used for spatially targeted sampling of prey fish. Concentrations of the main organochlorine contaminant, p,p '-dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE), in fish composites from Mexico ranged from 0.005 to 0.115 mu g/g wet mass. Significant differences existed among fish families in p,p '-DDE, total dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (Sigma DDT), Sigma chlordanes, and total polychlorinated biphenyls (Sigma PCBs). Catfish (family Ariidae) generally had significantly higher levels of DDT metabolites and other organochlorine contaminants compared to other fish families collected. Differences in prey contaminant levels were detected among the collection sites around coastal Mexico, with fish from Veracruz State generally having higher levels of DDT metabolites, Sigma chlordanes, Sigma PCBs, and hexachlorobenzene. Eggs collected from 16 nests throughout the Pacific Northwest ( nine from British Columbia, seven from Oregon and Washington) where Ospreys had been satellite tagged, showed marked variation in levels of DDT metabolites (p,p '-DDE; range 0.02-10.14 mu g/g). Wintering site had no significant effect on contaminant concentrations in sample eggs from those specific Ospreys; rather concentrations of p,p '-DDE, were predicted by breeding sites with highest levels in eggs of Ospreys breeding in the lower Columbia River, consistent with published reports of continued high concentrations of DDT and related compounds in that system. C1 Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pronat Veracruz, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Vancouver, BC V6C 3S5, Canada. RP Elliott, JE (reprint author), Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, 5421 Robertson Rd RR 1, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. EM John.Elliott@ec.gc.ca NR 43 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1223 EP 1233 DI 10.1890/06-1213 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 170UV UT WOS:000246692300022 PM 17555230 ER PT J AU Graham, J Newman, G Jarnevich, C Shory, R Stohlgren, TJ AF Graham, Jim Newman, Greg Jarnevich, Catherine Shory, Rick Stohlgren, Thomas J. TI A global organism detection and monitoring system for non-native species SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE invasive; database; internet; non-native; detection; monitoring ID UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY; TECHNOLOGY AB Harmful invasive non-native species are a significant threat to native species and ecosystems, and the costs associated with non-native species in the United States is estimated at over $120 Billion/year. While some local or regional databases exist for some taxonomic groups, there are no effective geographic databases designed to detect and monitor all species of non-native plants, animals, and pathogens. We developed a web-based solution called the Global Organism Detection and Monitoring (GODM) system to provide real-time data from a broad spectrum of users on the distribution and abundance of non-native species, including attributes of their habitats for predictive spatial modeling of current and potential distributions. The four major subsystems of GODM provide dynamic links between the organism data, web pages, spatial data, and modeling capabilities. The core survey database tables for recording invasive species survey data are organized into three categories: "Where, Who & When, and What." Organisms are identified with Taxonomic Serial Numbers from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System. To allow users to immediately see a map of their data combined with other user's data, a custom geographic information system (GIS) Internet solution was required. The GIs solution provides an unprecedented level of flexibility in database access, allowing users to display maps of invasive species distributions or abundances based on various criteria including taxonomic classification (i.e., phylum or division, order, class, family, genus, species, subspecies, and variety), a specific project, a range of dates, and a range of attributes (percent cover, age, height, sex, weight). This is a significant paradigm shift from "map servers" to true Internet-based GIS solutions. The remainder of the system was created with a mix of commercial products, open source software, and custom software. Custom GIS libraries were created where required for processing large datasets, accessing the operating system, and to use existing libraries in C++, R, and other languages to develop the tools to track harmful species in space and time. The GODM database and system are crucial for early detection and rapid containment of invasive species. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Graham, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jim@nrel.colostate.edu; newmang@nrel.colostate.edu; catherine_jarnevich@USGS.gov; rshory@nrel.colostate.edu; tom_stohlgren@USGS.gov RI Graham, Jim/F-4195-2011; Newman, Greg/E-1540-2015 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2007.03.006 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217IC UT WOS:000249940600014 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Hines, JE MacKenzie, DI Seamans, ME Gutierrez, RJ AF Nichols, James D. Hines, James E. MacKenzie, Darryl I. Seamans, Mark E. Gutierrez, R. J. TI Occupancy estimation and modeling with multiple states and state uncertainty SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California Spotted Owl; misclassification; multiple states; occupancy models; reproductive state; Strix occidentalis occidentalis; uncertainty ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; RECAPTURE DATA; SURVIVAL; CAPTURE; POPULATIONS; SINKS; RATES AB The distribution of a species over space is of central interest in ecology, but species occurrence does not provide all of the information needed to characterize either the well-being of a population or the suitability of occupied habitat. Recent methodological development has focused on drawing inferences about species occurrence in the face of imperfect detection. Here we extend those methods by characterizing occupied locations by some additional state variable ( e. g., as producing young or not). Our modeling approach deals with both detection probabilities,1 and uncertainty in state classification. We then use the approach with occupancy and reproductive rate data from California Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) collected in the central Sierra Nevada during the breeding season of 2004 to illustrate the utility of the modeling approach. Estimates of owl reproductive rate were larger than naive estimates, indicating the importance of appropriately accounting for uncertainty in detection and state classification. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, Dunedin, New Zealand. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 10 U2 68 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1395 EP 1400 DI 10.1890/06-1474 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 178ED UT WOS:000247203100007 PM 17601132 ER PT J AU Young, DB Woody, CA AF Young, D. B. Woody, C. A. TI Dynamic in-lake spawning migrations by female sockeye salmon SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE sockeye salmon; migration; lake; radio telemetry ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PACIFIC SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ALASKA; RIVER; DIFFERENTIATION; POPULATIONS; MECHANISMS; SPEEDS; WATER AB Precise homing by salmon to natal habitats is considered the primary mechanism in the evolution of population-specific traits, yet few studies have focused on this final phase of their spawning migration. We radio tagged 157 female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) as they entered Lake Clark, Alaska, and tracked them every 1-10 days to their spawning locations. Contrary to past research, no specific shoreline migration pattern was observed (e.g., clockwise) nor did fish enter a tributary unless they spawned in that tributary. Tributary spawning fish migrated faster (mean = 4.7 km center dot day(-1), SD = 2.7, vs. 1.6 km center dot day(-1), SD = 2.1) and more directly (mean linearity = 0.8, SD = 0.2, vs. 0.4, SD = 0.2) than Lake Clark beach spawning fish. Although radio-tagged salmon migrated to within 5 km of their final spawning location in an average of 21.2 days (SD = 13.2), some fish migrated five times the distance necessary and over 50 days to reach their spawning destination. These results demonstrate the dynamic nature of this final phase of migration and support studies indicating a higher degree of homing precision by tributary spawning fish. C1 Lake Clark Natl Pk & Preserve, Natl Pk Serv, Port Alsworth, AK 99653 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Young, DB (reprint author), Lake Clark Natl Pk & Preserve, Natl Pk Serv, 1 Pk Pl, Port Alsworth, AK 99653 USA. EM dan_young@nps.gov NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00207.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 165EI UT WOS:000246286400006 ER PT J AU Ruppel, C AF Ruppel, Carolyn TI Tapping methane hydrates for unconventional natural gas SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE methane hydrate; energy; natural gas ID ENERGY RESOURCE; RIDGE AB Methane hydrate is an icelike form of concentrated methane and water found in the sediments of permafrost regions and marine continental margins at depths far shallower than conventional oil and gas. Despite their relative accessibility and widespread occurrence, methane hydrates have never been tapped to meet increasing global energy demands. With rising natural gas prices, production from these unconventional gas deposits its becoming economically viable, particularly in permafrost areas already being exploited for conventional oil and gas. This article provides an overview of gas hydrate occurrence, resource assessment, exploration, production technologies, renewability, and future challenges. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Ruppel, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM cruppel@usgs.gov OI Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 EI 1811-5217 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD JUN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 3 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.2113/gselements.3.3.193 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 184NR UT WOS:000247649200011 ER PT J AU Auble, GT Shafroth, PB Scott, ML Roelle, JE AF Auble, Gregor T. Shafroth, Patrick B. Scott, Michael L. Roelle, James E. TI Early vegetation development on an exposed reservoir: Implications for dam removal SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Colorado; cottonwood; dam removal; drawdown; Horsetooth Reservoir; recruitment box model; reservoir margin; riparian ID COTTONWOOD SEEDLING RECRUITMENT; SHORELINE VEGETATION; RIVER RESTORATION; SEDIMENT RELEASE; WATER-TABLE; COLORADO; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; FLOOD; MODEL AB The 4-year drawdown of Horsetooth Reservoir, Colorado, for dam maintenance, provides a case study analog of vegetation response on sediment that might be exposed from removal of a tall dam. Early vegetation recovery on the exposed reservoir bottom was a combination of (1) vegetation colonization on bare, moist substrates typical of riparian zones and reservoir sediment of shallow dams and (2) a shift in moisture status from mesic to the xeric conditions associated with the pre-impoundment upland position of most of the drawdown zone. Plant communities changed rapidly during the first four years of exposure, but were still substantially different from the background upland plant community. Predictions from the recruitment box model about the locations of Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera (plains cottonwood) seedlings relative to the water surface were qualitatively confirmed with respect to optimum locations. However, the extreme vertical range of water surface elevations produced cottonwood seed regeneration well outside the predicted limits of drawdown rate and height above late summer stage. The establishment and survival of cottonwood at high elevations and the differences between the upland plant community and the community that had developed after four years of exposure suggest that vegetation recovery following tall dam removal will follow a trajectory very different from a simple reversal of the response to dam construction, involving not only long time scales of establishment and growth of upland vegetation, but also possibly decades of persistence of legacy vegetation established during the reservoir to upland transition. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Auble, GT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM greg_auble@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 6 BP 806 EP 818 DI 10.1007/s00267-006-0018-z PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 164HF UT WOS:000246223600005 PM 17453277 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Bur, MT Adams, JV AF Stapanian, Martin A. Bur, Michael T. Adams, Jean V. TI Temporal trends of young-of-year fishes in Lake Erie and comparison of diel sampling periods SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Lake Eric; monitoring; fishes; offshore; young-of-year; diel sampling ID ZEBRA MUSSEL; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; ST-CLAIR; PHYTOPLANKTON; RECOVERY; BIVALVES; DYNAMICS; PERCH AB We explored temporal trends of young-of-year (YOY) fishes caught in bottom trawl hauls at an established offshore monitoring site in Lake Erie in fall during 1961-2001. Sampling was conducted during morning, afternoon, and night in each year. Catches per hour (CPH) of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) YOY were relatively low and exhibited no temporal trend. This result was consistent with the species' intolerance to Lake Erie's adverse winter water temperatures. Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) YOY decreased sharply after 1991, which was consistent with recent oligotrophication of the lake. Following the establishment in 1979 and rapid increase of white perch (Morone americana) YOY, white bass (Morone chrysops) and freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) YOY decreased. Troutperch (Percopsis omiscomaycus) YOY decreased during 1986-1991, but recovered to previous levels during 1991-2001. The recovery coincided with the resurgence of mayflies (Ephemoptera) in the lake. CPH of spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) and emerald shiner (N. atherinoides) YOY exhibited no temporal trend between 1961 and the late 1970s to early 1980s. CPH of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) YOY decreased during 1961-1988, and walleye (Sander vitreum) YOY increased overall during the time series. These observations were consistent with published studies of adults in the region. CPH of 4 of the 10 species of YOY considered were greatest during night. CPH for walleye YOY was higher in the morning than in the afternoon, but there was no significant difference between night and morning abundances. The results suggest that (1) CPH of YOY fishes may be a useful monitoring tool for Lake Erie, and (2) offshore monitoring programs that do not include night sampling periods may underestimate recruitment for several common species. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1-3 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9350-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 176OQ UT WOS:000247095200018 PM 16957842 ER PT J AU Besser, JM Brumbaugh, WG May, TW Schmitt, CJ AF Besser, John M. Brumbaugh, William G. May, Thomas W. Schmitt, Christopher J. TI Biomonitoring of lead, zinc, and cadmium in streams draining lead-mining and non-mining areas, Southeast Missouri, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; cadmium; fish; food web; invertebrates; lead; mining; streams; zinc ID COEUR-DALENE RIVER; FOOD WEBS; METALS; FISH; IDAHO; SEDIMENTS; WATERS; TROUT; BLOOD AB We evaluated exposure of aquatic biota to lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) in streams draining a Pb-mining district in southeast Missouri. Samples of plant biomass (detritus, periphyton, and filamentous algae), invertebrates (snails, crayfish, and riffle benthos), and two taxa of fish were collected from seven sites closest to mining areas (mining sites), four sites further downstream from mining (downstream sites), and eight reference sites in fall 2001. Samples of plant biomass from mining sites had highest metal concentrations, with means 10- to 60-times greater than those for reference sites. Mean metal concentrations in over 90% of samples of plant biomass from mining sites were significantly greater than those from reference sites. Mean concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd in most invertebrate samples from mining sites, and mean Pb concentrations in most fish samples from mining sites, were also significantly greater than those from reference sites. Concentrations of all three metals were lower in samples from downstream sites, but several samples of plant biomass from downstream sites had metal concentrations significantly greater than those from reference sites. Analysis of supplemental samples collected in the fall of 2002, a year of above-average stream discharge, had lower Pb concentrations and higher Cd concentrations than samples collected in 2001, near the end of a multi-year drought. Concentrations of Pb measured in fish and invertebrates collected from mining sites during 2001 and 2002 were similar to those measured at nearby sites in the 1970s, during the early years of mining in the Viburnum Trend. Results of this study demonstrate that long-term Pb mining activity in southeast Missouri has resulted in significantly elevated concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn in biota of receiving streams, compared to biota of similar streams without direct influence of mining. Our results also demonstrate that metal exposure in the study area differed significantly among sample types, habitats, and years, and that these factors should be carefully considered in the design of biomonitoring studies. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Besser, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jbesser@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1-3 BP 227 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9356-9 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 176OQ UT WOS:000247095200024 PM 16957839 ER PT J AU Engle, VD Kurtz, JC Smith, LM Chancy, C Bourgeois, P AF Engle, Virginia D. Kurtz, Janis C. Smith, Lisa M. Chancy, Cynthia Bourgeois, Pete TI A classification of US estuaries based on physical and hydrologic attributes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE classification; estuaries; stressor-response models ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONSERVATION AB A classification of U.S. estuaries is presented based on estuarine characteristics that have been identified as important for quantifying stressor-response relationships in coastal systems. Estuaries within a class have similar physical and hydrologic characteristics and would be expected to demonstrate similar biological responses to stressor loads from the adjacent watersheds. Nine classes of estuaries were identified by applying cluster analysis to a database for 138 U.S. estuarine drainage areas. The database included physical measures of estuarine areas, depth and volume, as well as hydrologic parameters (i.e., tide height, tidal prism volume, freshwater inflow rates, salinity, and temperature). The ability of an estuary to dilute or flush pollutants can be estimated using physical and hydrologic properties such as volume, bathymetry, freshwater inflow and tidal exchange rates which influence residence time and affect pollutant loading rates. Thus, physical and hydrologic characteristics can be used to estimate the susceptibility of estuaries to pollutant effects. This classification of estuaries can be used by natural resource managers to describe and inventory coastal systems, understand stressor impacts, predict which systems are most sensitive to stressors, and manage and protect coastal resources. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, ORD NHEERL, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US Geol Survey, NWRC Gulf Breeze Project Off, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP Engle, VD (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, ORD NHEERL, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM engle.virginia@epa.gov NR 37 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1-3 BP 397 EP 412 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9372-9 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 176OQ UT WOS:000247095200039 PM 17278006 ER PT J AU Sparling, DW Fellers, G AF Sparling, D. W. Fellers, G. TI Comparative toxicity of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion and their oxon derivatives to larval Rana boylii SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IUFRO World Forestry Congress CY AUG 08-13, 2005 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA DE pesticides; acute toxicity; amphibians; cholinesterase; California ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; CURRENT-USE PESTICIDES; NEVADA MOUNTAIN-RANGE; CENTRAL VALLEY; CALIFORNIA; USA; CHOLINESTERASE; INHIBITION; COMBINATIONS; INSECTICIDES AB Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and are highly toxic to amphibians. They deactivate cholinesterase, resulting in neurological dysfunction. Most chemicals in this group require oxidative desulfuration to achieve their greatest cholinesterase-inhibiting potencies. Oxon derivatives are formed within liver cells but also by bacterial decay of parental pesticides. This study examines the toxicity of chlorpyrifos, malathion and diazinon and their oxons on the foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii). R. boylii is exposed to agricultural pesticides in the California Central Valley. Median lethal concentrations of the parental forms during a 96 h exposure were 3.00 mg/L (24 h) for chlorpyrifos, 2.14 mg/L for malathion and 7.49 mg/L for diazinon. Corresponding oxons were 10 to 100 times more toxic than their parental forms. We conclude that environmental concentrations of these pesticides can be harmful to R. boylii populations. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP Sparling, DW (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, LS 2,MS6504, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM dsparl@siu.edu NR 28 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 147 IS 3 BP 535 EP 539 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.036 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174DS UT WOS:000246922000013 PM 17218044 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Barber, LB Kolpin, DW McMahon, PB Chapelle, FH AF Bradley, Paul M. Barber, Larry B. Kolpin, Dana W. McMahon, Peter B. Chapelle, Francis H. TI Biotransformation of caffeine, cotinine, and nicotine in stream sediments: Implications for use as wastewater indicators SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; emerging contaminants; oxic; anoxic; streams ID SURFACE-WATER; PHARMACEUTICALS; CONTAMINATION; BIODEGRADATION; EFFLUENT AB Microbially catalyzed cleavage of the imadazole ring of caffeine was observed in stream sediments collected upstream and downstream of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in three geographically separate stream systems. Microbial demethylation of the N-methyl component of cotinine and its metabolic precursor, nicotine, also was observed in these sediments. These findings indicate that stream sediment microorganisms are able to substantially alter the chemical structure and thus the analytical signatures of these candidate waste indicator compounds. The potential for in situ biotransformation must be considered if these compounds are employed as markers to identify the sources and track the fate of wastewater compounds in surface-water systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 57 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1116 EP 1121 DI 10.1897/06-483R.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 169GQ UT WOS:000246581100005 PM 17571675 ER PT J AU Ke, RH Xu, YP Huang, SB Wang, ZJ Huckins, JN AF Ke, Runhui Xu, Yiping Huang, Shengbiao Wang, Zijian Huckins, James N. TI Comparison of the uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides by semipermeable membrane devices and caged fish (Carassius carassius) in Taihu Lake, China SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE semipermeable membrane devices; dissolved organic carbon; bioconcentration; passive sampling ID MUSSELS MYTILUS-EDULIS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; FIELD VERIFICATION; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; WATER; ACCUMULATION; BIOCONCENTRATION; POLLUTANTS AB Uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides-(OCPs) by triolein-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and by crucian carp (Carassius carassius) was studied in Taihu Lake, a shallow, freshwater lake in China. Crucian carp and SPMDs were deployed side by side for 32 d. The first-order uptake rate constants of individual PAHs and OCPs for the, two matrices were calculated and compared to relate the amounts of chemicals accumulated by the matrices to dissolved water concentrations. On a wet-weight basis, total concentrations of PAHs and OCPs in crucian carp fillets averaged 49.5 and 13.6 ng/g, respectively, after the 32-d exposure, whereas concentrations in whole SPMDs averaged 716.9 and 62.3 ng/g, respectively. The uptake rate constants of PAHs and OCPs by SPMDs averaged seven- and fivefold higher, respectively, than those for crucian carp; however, the patterns of uptake rate constants derived from test chemical concentrations in the crucian carp and SPMDs were similar. Although equilibrium was not reached for some PAHs and OCPs during the 32-d exposure period, a reasonably good correlation between the concentration factors (CFs) and octanol/water partition coefficient (K-OW) values of PAHs and OCPs in SPMDs (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) was observed when potential sorption to dissolved organic carbon was taken into account. Similar efforts to correlate the CFs and K-OW values of PAHs and OCPs in crucian carp (r = 0.75, p < 0.001) were less successful, likely because of PAH metabolism by finfish. Overall, the present results suggest that SPMDs may serve as a surrogate for contaminant monitoring with fish in freshwater lake environments. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Environm Aquat Chem, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Wang, ZJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Environm Aquat Chem, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, POB 2871, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM wangzj@rcees.ac.cn RI Wang, Zijian/A-1538-2009 OI Wang, Zijian/0000-0002-9847-9691 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 22 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1258 EP 1264 DI 10.1897/06-454R1.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 169GQ UT WOS:000246581100023 PM 17571693 ER PT J AU Moore, JE Raynolds, RG Dechesne, M AF Moore, John E. Raynolds, Robert G. Dechesne, Marieke TI Bedrock aquifers and population growth in the Denver basin, Colorado, USA SO EPISODES LA English DT Article AB The Denver Basin bedrock aquifer system consists of Tertiary and Cretaceous age sedimentary rocks known as the Dawson, Denver, Arapahoe and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers. The number of bedrock wells has increased from 12,000 in 1985 to over 33,700 in 2001 and the withdrawal of groundwater has caused water level declines in excess of 75 meters. Water level declines now range from 3 to 12 meters per year in the critical Arapahoe Aquifer. The groundwater supplies were once thought to be sufficient for 100 years but there is concern that they may be depleted in 10 to 15 years in areas on the west side of the basin. Groundwater is being mined from the aquifer system because the withdrawal through wells exceeds the rate of recharge. Increased groundwater withdrawal will cause further water level declines, increased costs to pump groundwater, and reduced yield from existing wells. In the Denver Basin, hydrologists have some capability to monitor declines in water levels for the Arapaho Aquifer, but generally have a limited ability to monitor water use. More complete and accurate water use data are needed to predict groundwater longevity for the Arapahoe Aquifer. The life of the Arapahoe Aquifer can be extended with artificial recharge using imported surface water, water reuse, restrictions on lawn watering, well permit restrictions and other conservation measures. Availability of groundwater may limit growth in the Denver Basin over the next 20 years unless residents are willing to pay for additional new sources of supply. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Denver, CO USA. RP Moore, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM moore123@aol.com; Bobraynolds@yahoo.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU INT UNION GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI BEIJING PA C/O ACAD GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 6 BAIWANZHUANG RD, PO BOX 823, BEIJING 100037, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0705-3797 J9 EPISODES JI Episodes PD JUN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 205AN UT WOS:000249085200006 ER PT J AU Giri, C Pengra, B Zhu, ZL Singh, A Tieszen, LL AF Giri, Chandra Pengra, Bruce Zhu, Zhiliang Singh, Ashbindu Tieszen, Larry L. TI Monitoring mangrove forest dynamics of the Sundarbans in Bangladesh and India using multi-temporal satellite data from 1973 to 2000 SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mangroves; mapping; monitoring; remote sensing; Sundarbans; South Asia ID DERIVATION AB Mangrove forests in many parts of the world are declining at an alarming rate - possibly even more rapidly than inland tropical forests. The rate and causes of such changes are not known. The forests themselves are dynamic in nature and are undergoing constant changes due to both natural and anthropogenic forces. Our research objective was to monitor deforestation and degradation arising from both natural and anthropogenic forces. We analyzed multi-temporal satellite data from 1970s, 1990s, and 2000s using supervised classification approach. Our spatiotemporal analysis shows that despite having the highest population density in the world in its periphery, areal extent of the mangrove forest of the Sundarbans has not changed significantly (approximately 1.2%) in the last -25 years. The forest is however constantly changing due to erosion, aggradation, deforestation and mangrove rehabilitation programs. The net forest area increased by 1.4% from the 1970s to 1990 and decreased by 2.5% from 1990 to 2000. The change is insignificant in the context of classification errors and the dynamic nature of mangrove forests. This is an excellent example of the co-existence of humans with terrestrial and aquatic plant and animal life. The strong commitment of governments under various protection measures such as forest reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, and international designations, is believed to be responsible for keeping this forest relatively intact (at least in terms of area). While the measured net loss of mangrove forest is not that high, the change matrix shows that turnover due to erosion, aggradation, reforestation and deforestation was much greater than net change. The forest is under threat from natural and anthropogenic forces leading to forest degradation, primarily due to top-dying disease and over-exploitation of forest resources. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 EROS, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, USGs, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. UNEP, Div Early Warning & Assessment N Amer, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. USGS, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. UNEP, Div Early Warning & Asssessment, Washington, DC 20006 USA. RP Giri, C (reprint author), EROS, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, USGs, SAIC, 47914 252 St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM cgiri@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 78 Z9 94 U1 7 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.12.019 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 174AE UT WOS:000246912800010 ER PT J AU Higgins, SA Jaffe, BE Fuller, CC AF Higgins, Shawn A. Jaffe, Bruce E. Fuller, Christopher C. TI Reconstructing sediment age profiles from historical bathymetry changes in San Pablo Bay, California SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sedimentation; historical bathymetry; GIS; San Francisco estuary ID FRANCISCO BAY; ESTUARY AB Sediment age profiles reconstructed from a sequence of historical bathymetry changes are used to investigate the subsurface distribution of historical sediments in a subembayment of the San Francisco Estuary. Profiles are created in a grid-based GIs modeling program that stratifies historical deposition into temporal horizons. The model's reconstructions are supported by comparisons to profiles of Cs-137 and excess Pb-210 at 12 core sites. The predicted depth of the 1951 sediment horizon is positively correlated to the depth of the first occurrence of Cs-137 at sites that have been depositional between recent surveys. Reconstructions at sites that have been erosional since the 1951 survey are supported by a lack of detectable Cs-137 and excess Pb-210 below the upper 6-16 cm of the core. A new data set of predicted near-surface sediment ages was created to illustrate an application of this approach. Results demonstrate other potential applications such as guiding the spatial positioning of future core sites for contaminant measurements. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Ctr, Santa Clara, CA 95060 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Higgins, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, 160 Sci Hall,550N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shiggins1@wisc.edu RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.12.018 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 174AE UT WOS:000246912800016 ER PT J AU Jaffe, BE Smith, RE Foxgrover, AC AF Jaffe, Bruce E. Smith, Richard E. Foxgrover, Amy C. TI Anthropogenic influence on sedimentation and intertidal mudflat change in San Pablo Bay, California: 1856-1983 SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sedimentation; bathymetry; long-term changes; intertidal hats; tidal fiats; estuary; USA; California; San Francisco estuary; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay ID FRANCISCO BAY; SALINITY FIELD; RIVER; VARIABILITY; SACRAMENTO; DELTA AB Analysis of a series of historical bathymetric surveys has revealed large changes in morphology and sedimentation from 1856 to 1983 in San Pablo Bay, California. In 1856, the morphology of the bay was complex, with a broad main channel, a major side channel connecting to the Petaluma River, and an ebb-tidal delta crossing shallow parts of the bay. In 1983, its morphology was simpler because all channels except the main channel had filled with sediment and erosion had planed the shallows creating a uniform gently sloping surface. The timing and patterns of geomorphic change and deposition and erosion of sediment were influenced by human activities that altered sediment delivery from rivers. From 1856 to 1887, high sediment delivery (14.1 x 106 m(3)/yr) to San Francisco Bay during the hydraulic gold-mining period in the Sierra Nevada resulted in net deposition of 259 +/- 14 x 10(6) m(3) in San Pablo Bay. This rapid deposition filled channels and increased intertidal mudflat area by 60% (37.4 +/- 3.4 to 60.6 +/- 6.2 km(2)). From 1951 to 1983, 23 +/- 3 x 10(6) m(3) of sediment was eroded from San Pablo Bay as sediment delivery from the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers decreased to 2.8 x 10(6) m(3)/yr because of damming of rivers, riverbank protection, and altered land use. Interfidal mudflat area in 1983 was 31.8 +/- 3.9 km, similar to that in 1856. Intertidal mudflat distribution in 1983, however, was fairly uniform whereas most of the intertidal mudflats were in the western part of San Pablo Bay in 1856. Sediment delivery, through its affect on shallow parts of the bay, was determined to be a primary control on intertidal mudflat area. San Pablo Bay has been greatly affected by human activities and will likely continue to erode in the near term in response to a diminished sediment delivery from rivers. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jaffe, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM bjaffe@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 NR 48 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 175 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.02.017 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 174AE UT WOS:000246912800017 ER PT J AU Xu, YP Holmes, CW Jaffe, R AF Xu, Yunping Holmes, Charles W. Jaffe, Rudolf TI Paleoenvironmental assessment of recent environmental changes in Florida Bay, USA: A biomarker based study SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; Florida Bay; mangrove; seagrass; environmental change ID SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC-MATTER; ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE; RECORD; SALINITY; EUTROPHICATION; EVERGLADES; TRANSPORT; ABUNDANCE; DIATOMS; ORIGIN AB The extractable lipid compositions in four Florida Bay cores were determined in order to understand environmental changes over the last 160 years. The most significant environmental change was recorded by oscillations in the amplitude and frequency of biomarkers during the 20th century. Two seagrass molecular proxies (Paq and the C-25/C-27 n-alkan-2-one ratio) reached a maximum post 1900, suggesting that abundant seagrass communities existed during the 20th century. A sharp drop in the Paq value from 0.65 to 0.48 in the central Bay at about 1987 seems to reflect seagrass die-off. The concentrations of microbial biomarkers (C-20 HBIs, C-25 HBIs and dinosterol) substantially increased after 1950 in the TC, BA and NB cores, reflecting an increase in algal (planktonic organism) primary productivity. However, the RB core presented the highest abundance Of C25 HBIs and dinosterol during the period of 1880-1940, suggesting historically large inputs from diatoms and dinoflagellates. A substantial rise in abundance of taraxerol (a specific biomarker of mangroves) from 20 mu g/g TOC in the 1830s to 279 mu g/g TOC in the 1980s is likely a result of increased mangrove primary productivity along the shore of the NE Bay. These changes are most likely the result of hydrological alterations in South Florida. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Environm Geochem Grp, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Jaffe, R (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Environm Geochem Grp, Univ Pk Campus,OE-148, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM yunping.xu@utoronto.ca; jaffer@fiu.edu RI Xu, Yunping/F-8042-2011 OI Xu, Yunping/0000-0001-5693-7239 NR 50 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.01.002 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 174AE UT WOS:000246912800019 ER PT J AU Phillips, JD Hansen, RO Blakely, RJ AF Phillips, Jeffrey D. Hansen, R. O. Blakely, Richard J. TI The use of curvature in potential-field interpretation SO EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Australian Earth Sciences Convention CY JUN-JUL -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA DE potential-field; interpretation; curvature; source-location; strike ID ANALYTIC SIGNAL; MAGNETIC INTERPRETATION; BODIES AB Potential-field anomalies can be transformed into special functions that form peaks and ridges over isolated sources. All special functions have a common mathematical form over an isolated source, which leads to a common equation for estimating the source depth from the peak value and the curvature at the peak. Model-specific special functions, usually calculated from a transformed version of a potential field, are used to estimate the locations of very specific source types. Model-independent special functions calculated from an observed or transformed potential field can be used to estimate the locations of a variety of source types. Vertical integration is a particularly useful transformation for reducing the effects of noise and increasing the coherency of solutions from model-independent special functions. For gridded data, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the curvature matrix associated with a quadratic surface that is fitted to a special function within 3 x 3 windows can be used to locate the sources and estimate their depths and strikes. Discrete source locations estimated in this manner can be connected into lines that follow contacts, faults, and other mappable features based on distance and azimuth criteria. These concepts are demonstrated on aeromagnetic data from the Albuquerque basin of New Mexico, USA. C1 [Phillips, Jeffrey D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hansen, R. O.] EDCON PRJ Inc, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. [Blakely, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Phillips, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jeff@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0812-3985 J9 EXPLOR GEOPHYS JI Explor. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1071/EG07014 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 289AN UT WOS:000255027500001 ER PT J AU Sommer, T Armor, C Baxter, R Breuer, R Brown, L Chotkowski, M Culberson, S Feyrer, F Gingras, M Herbold, B Kimmerer, W Mueller-Solger, A Nobriga, M Souza, K AF Sommer, Ted Armor, Chuck Baxter, Randall Breuer, Richard Brown, Larry Chotkowski, Mike Culberson, Steve Feyrer, Fredrick Gingras, Marty Herbold, Bruce Kimmerer, Wim Mueller-Solger, Anke Nobriga, Matt Souza, Kelly TI The collapse of pelagic fishes in the Upper San Francisco Estuary SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FLOW; JOAQUIN DELTA; RIVER DELTA; CALIFORNIA; SACRAMENTO; TOXICITY; PATTERNS; ASSEMBLAGES; MECHANISMS; PESTICIDES AB Although the pelagic fish Community of the upper San Francisco Estuary historically has shown substantial variability, a recent collapse has captured the attention of resource managers, scientists, legislators, and the general public. The ecological and management consequences of the decline are most serious for delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), a threatened species whose narrow range overlaps with large water diversions that supply water to over 25 million people. The decline occurred despite recent moderate hydrology, which typically results in at least modest recruitment, and investments Of hundreds of millions of dollars in habitat restoration and environmental water allocations to support native fishes. In response to the pelagic fish collapse, an ambitious multi-agency research team has been working since 2005 to evaluate the causes of the decline, which likely include a combination of factors: stock-recruitment effects, a decline in habitat quality, increased mortality rates, and reduced food availability due to invasive species. C1 Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Stockton, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. US Bur Reclamat, Sacramento, CA USA. CALFED Sci Program, Sacramento, CA USA. US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. San Francisco State Univ, Tiburon, CA USA. RP Sommer, T (reprint author), Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA USA. EM tsommer@water.ca.gov NR 38 TC 143 Z9 145 U1 7 U2 56 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 6 BP 270 EP 277 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[270:TCOPFI]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 192VT UT WOS:000248232200006 ER PT J AU Carline, R AF Carline, Robert TI Guidelines for designing posters SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res, University Pk, PA USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Carline, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res, University Pk, PA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 6 BP 306 EP 307 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 192VT UT WOS:000248232200011 ER PT J AU Lovett, GM Burns, DA Driscoll, CT Jenkins, JC Mitchell, MJ Rustad, L Shanley, JB Likens, GE Haeuber, R AF Lovett, Gary M. Burns, Douglas A. Driscoll, Charles T. Jenkins, Jennifer C. Mitchell, Myron J. Rustad, Lindsey Shanley, James B. Likens, Gene E. Haeuber, Richard TI Who needs environmental monitoring? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID AIR ACT AMENDMENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; NORTHEASTERN USA; NEW-ENGLAND; PHASE-I; TRENDS; DEPOSITION; STREAMFLOW; EMISSIONS AB Environmental monitoring is often criticized as being unscientific, too expensive, and wasteful. While some monitoring studies do suffer from these problems, there are also many highly successful long-term monitoring programs that have provided important scientific advances and crucial information for environmental policy. Here, we discuss the characteristics of effective monitoring programs, and contend that monitoring should be considered a fundamental component of environmental science and policy. We urge scientists who develop monitoring programs to plan in advance to ensure high data quality, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness, and we urge government agencies and other funding institutions to make greater commitments to increasing the amount and long-term stability of funding for environmental monitoring programs. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. US Geol Survey, Troy, NY USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Cumberland, MD USA. US Geol Survey, Montpellier, France. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Lovett, GM (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. EM lovettg@ecostudies.org RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013; Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Lovett, Gary/0000-0002-8411-8027; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 41 TC 188 Z9 199 U1 15 U2 93 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 5 IS 5 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[253:WNEM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174AZ UT WOS:000246914900020 ER PT J AU Kemenade, LVV Schreck, C AF Kemenade, Lidy Verburg-van Schreck, Carl TI Immune and endocrine interactions SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wageningen Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Cell Biol & Immunol, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands. Oregon State Univ, USGS, Oregon Cooperat fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kemenade, LVV (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Cell Biol & Immunol, POB 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JUN-JUL PY 2007 VL 152 IS 2-3 BP 352 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.05.025 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 187CD UT WOS:000247824000036 ER PT J AU Garcia-Garcia, A Tesi, T Orange, D Lorenson, T Miserocchi, S Langone, L Herbert, I Dougherty, J AF Garcia-Garcia, A. Tesi, T. Orange, D. Lorenson, T. Miserocchi, S. Langone, L. Herbert, I. Dougherty, J. TI Understanding shallow gas occurrences in the Gulf of Lions SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Gas-in-Marine-Sediments-Shallow-Gas-Group CY SEP 05, 2005-SEP 10, 2006 CL Vigo, SPAIN SP Gas Marine Sediments Shallow Gas Grp ID ORGANIC-MATTER; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; OF-LIONS; RHONE; SHELF; CARBON; LAYER; FRACTIONATION AB New coring data have been acquired along the western Gulf of Lions showing anomalous concentrations of methane (up to 95,700 ppm) off the Rhone prodelta and the head of the southern canyons Lacaze-Duthiers and Cap de Creus. Sediment cores were acquired with box and kasten cores during 2004-2005 on several EuroSTRATAFORM cruises. Anomalous methane concentrations are discussed and integrated with organic carbon data. Sampled sites include locations where previous surveys identified acoustic anomalies in high-resolution seismic profiles, which may be related to the presence of gas. Interpretation of the collected data has enabled us to discuss the nature of shallow gas along the Gulf of Lions, and its association with recent sedimentary dynamics. The Rhone prodelta flood deposits deliver significant amounts of terrigenous organic matter that can be rapidly buried, effectively removing this organic matter from aerobic oxidation and biological uptake, and leading to the potential for methanogenesis with burial. Away from the flood-related sediments off the Rhone delta, the organic matter is being reworked and remineralized on its way along the western coast of the Gulf of Lions, with the result that the recent deposits in the canyon contain little reactive carbon. In the southernmost canyons, Lacaze-Duthiers and Cap de Creus, the gas analyses show relatively little shallow gas in the core samples. Samples with anomalous gas (up to 5,000 ppm methane) are limited to local areas where the samples also show higher amounts of organic matter. The anomalous samples at the head of the southern canyons may be related to methanogenesis of recent drape or of older sidewall canyon infills. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. AOA Geophys Inc, Geomarine Sci, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. CNR, ISMAR, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Black Gold Energy, Jakarta 12730, Indonesia. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Garcia-Garcia, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM agarcia@pmc.ucsc.edu RI Langone, Leonardo/D-8139-2011; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; Miserocchi, Stefano/P-7168-2015; tesi, tommaso/N-7525-2013; OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Miserocchi, Stefano/0000-0002-6315-8919; tesi, tommaso/0000-0002-1283-9167; tesi, tommaso/0000-0002-1686-3375 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2-4 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s00367-007-0067-1 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 178EO UT WOS:000247204200008 ER PT J AU Lowers, HA Breit, GN Foster, AL Whitney, J Yount, J Uddin, N Muneem, A AF Lowers, Heather A. Breit, George N. Foster, Andrea L. Whitney, John Yount, James Uddin, Nehal Muneem, Atual TI Arsenic incorporation into authigenic pyrite, bengal basin sediment, Bangladesh SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID WEST-BENGAL; REDUCING CONDITIONS; QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY; SULFIDIC SEDIMENTS; FRAMBOIDAL PYRITE; DELTA SEDIMENTS; TRACE-METALS; GROUND-WATER; GANGES DELTA; 6 DISTRICTS AB Sediment from two deep boreholes (similar to 400 m) approximately 90 km apart in southern Bangladesh was analyzed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), total chemical analyses, chemical extractions, and electron probe microanalysis to establish the importance of authigenic pyrite as a sink for arsenic in the Bengal Basin. Authigenic framboidal and massive pyrite (median values 1500 and 3200 ppm As, respectively), is the principal arsenic residence in sediment from both boreholes. Although pyrite is dominant, ferric oxyhydroxides and secondary iron phases contain a large fraction of the sediment-bound arsenic between approximately 20 and 100 m, which is the depth range of wells containing the greatest amount of dissolved arsenic. The lack of pyrite in this interval is attributed to rapid sediment deposition and a low sulfur flux from riverine and atmospheric sources. The ability of deeper aquifers (> 150 m) to produce ground water with low dissolved arsenic in southern Bangladesh reflects adequate sulfur supplies and sufficient time to redistribute the arsenic into pyrite during diagenesis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Geol Survey Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Lowers, HA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM hlowers@usgs.gov RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010 NR 83 TC 121 Z9 126 U1 6 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2699 EP 2717 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.03.022 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 176LR UT WOS:000247087100004 ER PT J AU Bacon, CR Sisson, TW Mazdab, FK AF Bacon, Charles R. Sisson, Thomas W. Mazdab, Frank K. TI Young cumulate complex beneath Veniaminof caldera, Aleutian arc, dated by zircon in erupted plutonic blocks SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mount Veniaminof; caldera; geochronology; zircon; ion probe; granodiorite; gabbro; Aleutian arc; Alaska; eruption; magma differentiation ID TRACE-ELEMENT COMPOSITION; RHYOLITES AB Mount Veniaminof volcano, Alaska Peninsula, provides an opportunity to relate Quaternary volcanic rocks to a coeval intrusive complex. Veniaminof erupted tholeiitic basalt through dacite in the past similar to 260 k.y. Gabbro, diorite, and miarolitic granodiorite blocks, ejected 3700 C-14 yr B.P. in the most recent caldera-forming eruption, are fragments of a shallow intrusive complex of cumulate mush and segregated vapor-saturated residual melts. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) analyses define U-238-Th-230 isochron ages of 17.6 +/- 2.7 ka, 5 + 11/-10 ka, and 10.2 +/- 4.0 ka (2 sigma) for zircon in two granodiorites and a diorite, respectively. Sparse zircons from two gabbros give U-238-Th-230 model ages of 36 +/- 8 ka and 26 7 ka. Zircons from granodiorite and diorite crystallized in the presence of late magmatic aqueous fluid. Although historic eruptions have been weakly explosive Strombolian fountaining and small lava effusions, the young ages of plutonic blocks, as well as late Holocene dacite pumice, are evidence that the intrusive complex remains active and that evolved magmas can segregate at shallow levels to fuel explosive eruptions. C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bacon, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cbacon@usgs.gov; tsisson@usgs.gov; fmazdab@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 6 BP 491 EP 494 DI 10.1130/G23446A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 184GD UT WOS:000247628200003 ER PT J AU Saltus, RW Hudson, TL AF Saltus, Richard W. Hudson, Travis L. TI Regional magnetic anomalies, crustal strength, and the location of the northern Cordilleran fold-and-thrust belt SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tectonics; geophysics; rheology; Alaska; Canada ID BROOKS RANGE; ALASKA; MANTLE; TECTONICS; GRAVITY AB The northern Cordilleran fold-and-thrust belt in Canada and Alaska is at the boundary between the broad continental margin mobile belt and the stable NorthAmerican craton. The fold-and-thrust belt is marked by several significant changes in geometry: cratonward extensions in the central Yukon Territory and northeastern Alaska are separated by marginward re-entrants. These geometric features of the Cordilleran mobile belt are controlled by relations between lithospheric strength and compressional tectonic forces developed along the continental margin. Regional magnetic anomalies indicate deep thermal and compositional characteristics that contribute to variations in crustal strength. Our detailed analysis of one such anomaly, the North Slope deep magnetic high, helps to explain the geometry of the fold-and-thrust front in northern Alaska. This large magnetic anomaly is inferred to reflect voluminous mafic magmatism in an old (Devonian?) extensional domain. The presence of massive amounts of matic material in the lower crust implies geochemical depletion of the underlying upper mantle, which serves to strengthen the lithosphere against thermal erosion by upper mantle convection. We infer that deep-source magnetic highs are an important indicator of strong lower crust and upper mantle. This stronger lithosphere forms buttresses that play an important role in the structural development of the northern Cordilleran fold-and-thrust belt. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Appl Geol Inc, Sequim, WA 98392 USA. RP Saltus, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM saltus@usgs.gov; ageology@olypen.com NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 6 BP 567 EP 570 DI 10.1130/G23470A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 184GD UT WOS:000247628200022 ER PT J AU McCaffrey, R Qamar, AI King, RW Wells, R Khazaradze, G Williams, CA Stevens, CW Vollick, JJ Zwick, PC AF McCaffrey, Robert Qamar, Anthony I. King, Robert W. Wells, Ray Khazaradze, Giorgi Williams, Charles A. Stevens, Colleen W. Vollick, Jesse J. Zwick, Peter C. TI An update of quaternary faults of central and eastern Oregon SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE deformation; fault slip; geodynamics; GPS; tectonics; western US ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; DE-FUCA PLATE; FORE-ARC; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; WESTERN WASHINGTON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TECTONIC ROTATION; PALEOMAGNETIC EVIDENCE; HOLOCENE EARTHQUAKES; INTERNAL DEFORMATION AB We interpret Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements in the northwestern United States and adjacent parts of western Canada to describe relative motions of crustal blocks, locking on faults and permanent deformation associated with convergence between the Juan de Fuca and North American plates. To estimate angular velocities of the oceanic Juan de Fuca and Explorer plates and several continental crustal blocks, we invert the GPS velocities together with seafloor spreading rates, earthquake slip vector azimuths and fault slip azimuths and rates. We also determine the degree to which faults are either creeping aseismically or, alternatively, locked on the block-bounding faults. The Cascadia subduction thrust is locked mainly offshore, except in central Oregon, where locking extends inland. Most of Oregon and southwest Washington rotate clockwise relative to North America at rates of 0.4-1.0 degrees Myr(-1). No shear or extension along the Cascades volcanic arc has occurred at the mm/yr level during the past decade, suggesting that the shear deformation extending northward from the Walker Lane and eastern California shear zone south of Oregon is largely accommodated by block rotation in Oregon. The general agreement of vertical axis rotation rates derived from GPS velocities with those estimated from palaeomagnetic declination anomalies suggests that the rotations have been relatively steady for 10-15 Ma. Additional permanent dextral shear is indicated within the Oregon Coast Range near the coast. Block rotations in the Pacific Northwest do not result in net westward flux of crustal material-the crust is simply spinning and not escaping. On Vancouver Island, where the convergence obliquity is less than in Oregon and Washington, the contractional strain at the coast is more aligned with Juan de Fuca-North America motion. GPS velocities are fit significantly better when Vancouver Island and the southern Coast Mountains move relative to North America in a block-like fashion. The relative motions of the Oregon, western Washington and Vancouver Island crustal blocks indicate that the rate of permanent shortening, the type that causes upper plate earthquakes, across the Puget Sound region is 4.4 +/- 0.3 mm yr(-1). This shortening is likely distributed over several faults but GPS data alone cannot determine the partitioning of slip on them. The transition from predominantly shear deformation within the continent south of the Mendocino Triple Junction to predominantly block rotations north of it is similar to changes in tectonic style at other transitions from shear to subduction. This similarity suggests that crustal block rotations are enhanced in the vicinity of subduction zones possibly due to lower resisting stress. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Geodynam & Geophys, E-08007 Barcelona, Spain. Tele Atlas, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. Fugro Seafloor Surveys Inc, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. RP McCaffrey, R (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM mccafr@rpi.edu RI Williams, Charles/D-9377-2011; Khazaradze, Giorgi/A-1737-2009 OI Khazaradze, Giorgi/0000-0002-1190-0296 NR 100 TC 158 Z9 164 U1 1 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 169 IS 3 BP 1315 EP 1340 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03371.x PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 178FA UT WOS:000247205400039 ER PT J AU Kusky, TM Toraman, E Raharimahefa, T AF Kusky, Timothy M. Toraman, Erkan Raharimahefa, Tsilavo TI The Great Rift Valley of Madagascar: An extension of the Africa-Somali diffusive plate boundary? SO GONDWANA RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID ROCKS C1 St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. USGS, Earth Surface Proc Team, Reston, VA USA. RP Kusky, TM (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM Kusky@eas.slu.edu RI Kusky, Timothy/E-6016-2010; Raharimahefa, Tsilavo/D-2959-2012; OI Kusky, Timothy/0000-0002-4553-620X NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1342-937X J9 GONDWANA RES JI Gondwana Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 11 IS 4 BP 577 EP 579 DI 10.1016/j.gr.2006.11.009 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 181LH UT WOS:000247437700011 ER PT J AU Saltus, RW AF Saltus, R. W. TI Regional magnetic survey compilations - Current issues SO GONDWANA RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID FIELD C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Saltus, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM saltus@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1342-937X J9 GONDWANA RES JI Gondwana Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 11 IS 4 BP 580 EP 581 DI 10.1016/j.gr.2006.11.004 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 181LH UT WOS:000247437700012 ER PT J AU Vroblesky, DA Casey, CC Lowery, MA AF Vroblesky, Don A. Casey, Clifton. C. Lowery, Mark A. TI Influence of dissolved oxygen convection on well sampling SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER; DIAMETER WELLS; FLOW; INSTABILITY AB Convective transport of dissolved oxygen (D.O.) from shallow to deeper parts of wells was observed as the shallow water in wells in South Carolina became cooler than the deeper water in the wells due to seasonal changes. Wells having a relatively small depth to water Were more susceptible to thermally induced convection than wells where the depth to water was greater because the shallower water levels were more influenced by air temperature. The potential for convective transport of D.O. to maintain oxygenated conditions in-a well screened in an anaerobic aquifer was diminished as ground water exchange through the well screen increased and As oxygen demand increased. Transport of D.O. to the screened interval can adversely affect the ability of passive samplers to produce accurate concentrations of oxygen-sensitive solutes such as iron, other redox indicators, and microbiological data. A comparison of passive sampling to low-flow sampling in a well undergoing convection, however, showed general agreement of volatile organic compound concentrations. During low-flow sampling, the pumped water may be a mixture of convecting water from within the well casing and aquifer water moving inward through the screen. This mixing of water during low-flow sampling can substantially increase equilibration times, can cause false stabilization of indicator parameters, can give false indications of the redox state, and can provide microbiological data that are not representative of the aquifer conditions. Data from this investigation show that simple in-well devices can effectively mitigate convective transport of oxygen. The devices can range from inflatable packers to simple, inexpensive baffle systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. USN, Facil Engn Command EFD, N Charleston, SC 29406 USA. US Geol Survey, Stephenson Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Vroblesky, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Stephenson CTr,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM vroblesk@usgs.gov; cliff.casey@navy.mil; malowery@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2007.00156.x PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 205ES UT WOS:000249097400003 ER PT J AU Zinn, BA Konikow, LF AF Zinn, Brendan A. Konikow, Leonard F. TI Effects of intraborehole flow on groundwater age distribution SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE groundwater age; numerical modeling; solute transport; groundwater flow ID ALLUVIAL AQUIFER SYSTEM; MASS-TRANSFER; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; DIFFUSION; MODEL; DISPERSION; TRACERS; FIELDS AB Environmental tracers are used to estimate groundwater ages and travel times, but the strongly heterogeneous nature of many subsurface environments can cause mixing between waters of highly disparate ages, adding additional complexity to the age-estimation process. Mixing may be exacerbated by the presence of wells because long open intervals or long screens with openings at multiple depths can transport water and solutes rapidly over a large vertical distance. The effect of intraborehole flow on groundwater age was examined numerically using direct age transport simulation coupled with the Multi-Node Well Package of MODFLOW. Ages in a homogeneous, anisotropic aquifer reached a predevelopment steady state possessing strong depth dependence. A nonpumping multi-node well was then introduced in one of three locations within the system. In all three cases, vertical transport along the well resulted in substantial changes in age distributions within the system. After a pumping well was added near the nonpumping multi-node well, ages were further perturbed by a flow reversal in the nonpumping multi-node well. Results indicated that intraborehole flow can substantially alter groundwater ages, but the effects are highly dependent on local or regional flow conditions and may change with time. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Konikow, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lkonikow@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 633 EP 643 DI 10.1007/s10040-006-0139-8 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 180CT UT WOS:000247338300001 ER PT J AU Coes, AL Spruill, TB Thomasson, MJ AF Coes, A. L. Spruill, T. B. Thomasson, M. J. TI Multiple-method estimation of recharge rates at diverse locations in the North Carolina Coastal Plain, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE groundwater recharge; coastal aquifers; Atlantic Coastal Plain; USA; unsaturated zone; groundwater age ID GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; WATER; RECORDS; STREAM; DESERT; STATE; FLOW AB Recharge rates determined at diverse study sites in a shallow, unconfined aquifer differed from one another depending on the analytical method used and on each method's applicability and limitations. Total recharge was quantified with saturated-zone methods using water-table fluctuations at seven sites in North Carolina, USA and using groundwater-age dating at three of the seven sites; at two of the sites, potential recharge was quantified with an unsaturated-zone method using Darcy's law; and at five of the sites, net recharge was quantified with a stream hydrograph-separation method using streamflow-recession curves. Historical mean net recharge was 25 to 69% of the historical total recharge rates. The large disparity is attributed to groundwater losses between recharge and discharge areas, primarily by evapotranspiration and seepage to underlying aquifers. The spatial distribution of historical mean annual total recharge did not vary between landscape units, as suggested in a previous study. Similarly, total recharge did not correlate significantly with mean annual rainfall, mean annual water table depth, or the surficial soil properties of percent clay and bulk density. Total recharge did correlate significantly with the surficial soil properties of percent sand and percent silt. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. Errol L Montgomery & Associates Inc, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Coes, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM alcoes@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 773 EP 788 DI 10.1007/s10040-006-0123-3 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 180CT UT WOS:000247338300012 ER PT J AU Asante, KO Macuacua, RD Artan, GA Lietzow, RW Verdin, JP AF Asante, Kwabena O. Macuacua, Rodrigues D. Artan, Guleid A. Lietzow, Ronald W. Verdin, James P. TI Developing a flood monitoring system from remotely sensed data for the Limpopo basin SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE hydrology; rainfall effects; rivers; time series ID MODEL AB This paper describes the application of remotely sensed precipitation to the monitoring of floods in a region that regularly experiences extreme precipitation and flood events, often associated with cyclonic systems. Precipitation data, which are derived from spaceborne radar aboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's infrared-based products, are used to monitor areas experiencing extreme precipitation events that are defined as exceedance of a daily mean areal average value of 50 mm over a catchment. The remotely sensed precipitation data are also ingested into a hydrologic model that is parameterized using spatially distributed elevation, soil, and land cover data sets that are available globally from remote sensing and in situ sources. The resulting stream-flow is classified as an extreme flood event when flow anomalies exceed 1.5 standard deviations above the short-term mean. In an application in the Limpopo basin, it is demonstrated that the use of satellite-derived precipitation allows for the identification of extreme precipitation and flood events, both in terms of relative intensity and spatial extent. The system is used by water authorities in Mozambique to proactively initiate independent flood hazard verification before generating flood warnings. The system also serves as a supplementary information source when in situ gauging systems are disrupted. This paper concludes that remotely sensed precipitation and derived products greatly enhance the ability of water managers in the Limpopo basin to monitor extreme flood events and provide at-risk communities with early warning information. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Adm Reg Aguas Sul, Maputo 4033, Mozambique. RP Asante, KO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM asante@usgs.gov; arasul@tropical.co.mz; gartan@usgs.gov; lietzow@usgs.gov; verdin@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1709 EP 1714 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.883147 PN 1 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 174FB UT WOS:000246926100018 ER PT J AU Saatchi, S Halligan, K Despain, DG Crabtree, RL AF Saatchi, Sassan Halligan, Kerry Despain, Don G. Crabtree, Robert L. TI Estimation of forest fuel load from radar remote sensing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE canopy bulk density; canopy fuel; forest biomass; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR); radar; wildfire; Yellowstone National Park (YNP) ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WATER-CONTENT; BULK-DENSITY; LANDSAT TM; SAR DATA; FIRE; BIOMASS; GENERATION; MOISTURE; LIDAR AB Understanding fire behavior characteristics and planning for fire management require maps showing the distribution of wildfire fuel loads at medium to fine spatial resolution across large landscapes. Radar sensors from airborne or spaceborne platforms have the potential of providing quantitative information about the forest structure and biomass components that can be readily translated to meaningful fuel load estimates for fire management. In this paper, we used multifrequency polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery acquired over a large area of the Yellowstone National Park by the Airborne SAR sensor to estimate the distribution of forest biomass and canopy fuel loads. Semiempirical algorithms were developed to estimate crown and stem biomass and three major fuel load parameters, namely: 1) canopy fuel weight; 2) canopy bulk density; and 3) foliage moisture content. These estimates, when compared directly to measurements made at plot and stand levels, provided more than 70% accuracy and, when partitioned into fuel load classes, provided more than 85% accuracy. Specifically, the radar-generated fuel parameters were in good agreement with the field-based fuel measurements, resulting in coefficients of determination of R-2 = 85 for the canopy fuel weight, R-2 = 0.84 for canopy bulk density, and R-2 = 0.78 for the foliage biomass. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Yellowstone Ecol Res Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Saatchi, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM saatchi@congo.jpl.nasa.gov NR 51 TC 75 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 31 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1726 EP 1740 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.887002 PN 1 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 174FB UT WOS:000246926100020 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC Warwick, PD Breland, FC AF Hackley, Paul C. Warwick, Peter D. Breland, F. Clayton, Jr. TI Organic petrology and coalbed gas content, Wilcox Group (Paleocene-Eocene), northern Louisiana SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Organic-Petrology CY SEP 11-15, 2005 CL Louisville, KY SP Soc Organ Petrol DE Wilcox Group; coal; Louisiana; coalbed methane; organic petrology ID METHANE SORPTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CARBONIFEROUS COALS; MACERAL COMPOSITION; AMERICAN COALS; CAPACITY; BASIN; MOISTURE; TURKEY; SEAM AB Wilcox Group (Paleocene-Eocene) coal and carbonaceous shale samples collected from four coalbed methane test wells in northern Louisiana were characterized through an integrated analytical program. Organic petrographic analyses, gas desorption and adsorption isotherm measurements, and proximate-ultimate analyses were conducted to provide insight into conditions of peat deposition and the relationships between coal composition, rank, and coalbed gas storage characteristics. The results of petrographic analyses indicate that woody precursor materials were more abundant in stratigraphically higher coal zones in one of the CBM wells, consistent with progradation of a deltaic depositional system (Holly Springs delta complex) into the Gulf of Mexico during the Paleocene-Eocene. Comparison of petrographic analyses with gas desorption measurements suggests that there is not a direct relationship between coal type (sensu maceral composition) and coalbed gas storage. Moisture, as a function of coal rank (lignite-subbituminous A), exhibits an inverse relationship with measured gas content. This result may be due to higher moisture content competing for adsorption space with coalbed gas in shallower, lower rank samples. Shallower (<600 m) coal samples consistently are undersaturated with respect to CH4 adsorption isotherms; deeper (> 600 m) coal samples containing less moisture range from under- to oversaturated with respect to their CH4 adsorption capacity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Louisiana Geol Surv, Basin Res Energy Sect, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551; Warwick, Peter/0000-0002-3152-7783 NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 54 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2006.05.009 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 178NW UT WOS:000247228400006 ER PT J AU Leenheer, JA Aiken, GR Woodside, G O'Connor-Patel, K AF Leenheer, Jerry A. Aiken, George R. Woodside, Greg O'Connor-Patel, Katherine TI DOM in recharge waters of the Santa Ana River Basin SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER; REACTIVITY; PRECURSORS; WETLAND AB Assessment of the composition, reactivity, and potential health effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important issue in the regulation and operation of groundwater recharge projects. The composition of DOM in various natural surface waters and reclaimed waters used to recharge the alluvial aquifers of the lower Santa Ana River Basin in California was derived primarily from terpenoid hydrocarbons and amino sugars. Lesser amounts of aromatic sulfonate and alkylphenol polyethoxylate metabolites of anionic and neutral surfactants were detected in reclaimed water, and these metabolites persisted in waters of the Santa Ana River, the Prado Wetland, and the recharge basins. Only small amounts of humic substances derived from tannins and lignins were deposited during storm flow periods in the Prado Wetland, but these amounts were responsible for significant increases in disinfection by-product formation potential in these waters. Colloids composed of bacterial cell wall fragments showed large percentage increases in all waters during storm flow periods. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. Orange Cty Water Dist, Fountain Valley, CA USA. RP Leenheer, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MC 408, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM leenheer@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 118 EP 131 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 180BS UT WOS:000247335500017 ER PT J AU Jiang, HH Pollock, KH Brownie, C Hightower, JE Hoenig, JM Hearn, WS AF Jiang, Honghua Pollock, Kenneth H. Brownie, Cavell Hightower, Joseph E. Hoenig, John M. Hearn, William S. TI Age-dependent tag return models for estimating fishing mortality, natural mortality, and selectivity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE instantaneous mortality rates; near-singularity; parameter redundancy; striped bass; tag reporting rate ID REPORTING RATE ESTIMATION; PARAMETER REDUNDANCY; RECOVERY; ANIMALS; RATES AB Tag return studies play an important role in providing estimates of mortality rates needed for management of many fisheries, but current methods of estimation do not allow age dependence of instantaneous mortality rates. We present models that allow age-dependent fishing and natural mortality rates, an important advance, because there is often substantial variation in age (and size) of fish at tagging. Age dependence of fishing mortality is modeled by assuming that availability to the fishery, that is, selectivity, depends on age but is constant over years. We assume that all age classes are tagged each year, and allow for incomplete mixing of newly tagged fish and for fisheries that are year-long or limited to a fishing season. We investigate parameter redundancy and estimator performance using analytic and simulation methods, and show that estimator properties are poor if the tag reporting rate is estimated (without auxiliary data such as planted tags). We analyzed multiple age class tag return data from a 13-year study on striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and saw clear evidence that selectivity increases with age. Assuming that the tag reporting rate is constant and known, results also demonstrate age dependence of natural mortality rates, and an increase in natural mortality rates from about 1999 coinciding with observation of a bacterial disease in the fish. C1 Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN 46221 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat fish & Wildlife Res Unit, United States Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. CSIRO, Marine & Atmospher Res, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. RP Jiang, HH (reprint author), Eli Lilly & Co, 1555 S Harding St, Indianapolis, IN 46221 USA. EM brownie@stat.ncsu.edu NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 12 IS 2 BP 177 EP 194 DI 10.1198/108571107X197382 PG 18 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 173KA UT WOS:000246870700003 ER PT J AU Cherry, S White, GC Keating, KA Haroldson, MA Schwartz, CC AF Cherry, Steve White, Gary C. Keating, Kim A. Haroldson, Mark A. Schwartz, Charles C. TI Evaluating estimators of the numbers of females with cubs-of-the-year in the Yellowstone grizzly bear population SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE beta distribution; Chao estimators; closed population estimation; individual heterogeneity; model M-h; negative binomial distribution; Ursus arctos ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE ESTIMATION; CLOSED POPULATION; MIXTURE-MODELS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; SAMPLE COVERAGE; SIZE; PERFORMANCE AB Current management of the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population in Yellowstone National Park and surrounding areas requires annual estimation of the number of adult female bears with cubs-of-the-year. We examined the performance of nine estimators of population size via simulation. Data were simulated using two methods for different combinations of population size, sample size, and coefficient of variation of individual sighting probabilities. We show that the coefficient of variation does not, by itself, adequately describe the effects of capture heterogeneity, because two different distributions of capture probabilities can have the same coefficient of variation. All estimators produced biased estimates of population size with bias decreasing as effort increased. Based on the simulation results we recommend the Chao estimator for model Mh be used to estimate the number of female bears with cubs of the year; however, the estimator of Chao and Shen may also be useful depending on the goals of the research. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Montana State Univ, Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, No Rocky Mtn Sci Ctr,US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Cherry, S (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM cherry@math.montana.edu; gwhite@cnr.colostate.edu; kkeating@usgs.gov; Mark_Haroldson@usgs.gov; chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 EI 1537-2693 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 12 IS 2 BP 195 EP 215 DI 10.1198/108571107X198804 PG 21 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 173KA UT WOS:000246870700004 ER PT J AU Foott, JS Stone, R Wiseman, E True, K Nichols, K AF Foott, J. Scott Stone, R. Wiseman, E. True, K. Nichols, K. TI Longevity of Ceratomyxa shasta and Parvicapsula minibicornis actinospore infectivity in the Klamath River SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MYXOSPOREAN PARASITE; CHINOOK SALMON; LIFE-CYCLE; SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION; MYXOZOAN PARASITE; COLUMBIA RIVER; CENTRAL OREGON; WATER; SUSCEPTIBILITY; STAGE AB Infectious Ceratomyxa shasta and Parvicapsula minibicornis actinospores were present in Klamath River samples collected in April, May, and June 2005. Juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha exposed to river water maintained at the ambient Klamath River temperature for 0, 4, 24, 72, and 168 It (7 d) developed asymptomatic infections from both parasites. Elevated water temperature (18 degrees C) in June may have reduced actinospore viability, as both C. shasta and P. minibicornis infection markedly declined in fish exposed for over 72 It. As judged by the prevalence of infection for both parasites, the number of infectious actinospores tended to increase or remain steady through the spring. Ceratomyxa shasta infections were characterized by the presence of a few trophozoites within granulomatous foci in mesentery adipose tissue and were consistently observed outside of the intestine. Similarly, low numbers of P. minibicornis were observed in kidney glomeruli and tubules but were not associated with inflammation. Parvicapsula minibicornis DNA was consistently detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in filtered water samples collected each month and from each time posttransfer. These data and the high prevalence of infection observed in the exposed fish indicate that P. minibicornis actinospores were at a relatively high concentration in the river during the spring. In contrast, C. shasta DNA was only detected in half of the water sample sets and its detection did not correspond well to C. shasta infectivity. An approximately threefold increase in river flow from the April to the May water collection was not associated with a decline in either the detection of actinospores (particularly for P. minibicornis) or the prevalence of infection for both parasites. Actinospores of these myxosporcan parasites have the potential to infect salmonids for at least 7 d after release from the alternate polychaete host. C1 Calif Nevada Fish Hlth Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. RP Foott, JS (reprint author), Calif Nevada Fish Hlth Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 24411 Coleman Hatchery Rd, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. EM scott_foott@fws.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1577/H06-017.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 185KM UT WOS:000247709900002 PM 18201047 ER PT J AU Honeyfield, DC Vandergoot, CS Bettoli, PW Hinterkopf, JP Zajicek, JL AF Honeyfield, Dale C. Vandergoot, Christopher S. Bettoli, Phillip W. Hinterkopf, Joy P. Zajicek, James L. TI Thiamine and fatty acid content of walleye tissue from three southern US reservoirs SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DIETARY DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; LAKES LAKE TROUT; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; SCHOOLING BEHAVIOR; LIPID-COMPOSITION; ATLANTIC SALMON; NATIVE FISHES; RAINBOW SMELT AB We determined the thiamine concentration in egg, muscle, and liver tissues of walleyes Sander vitreus and the fatty acid content of walleye eggs from three southern U.S. reservoirs. In two Tennessee reservoirs (Dale Hollow and Center Hill), in which there were alewives Alosa pseudoharengus in the forage base, natural recruitment of walleyes was not occurring; by contrast in Lake James Reservoir, North Carolina, where there were no alewives, the walleye population was sustained via natural recruitment. Female walleye tissues were collected and assayed for thiamine (vitamin B,) and fatty acid content. Thiamine pyrophosphate was found to be the predominant form of thiamine in walleye eggs. In 2000, mean total egg thiamine concentrations were similar among Center Hill, Dale Hollow, and Lake James reservoirs (2.13, 3.14, and 2.77 nmol thiamme/g, respectively). Egg thiamine concentration increased as maternal muscle (r(2) = 0.73) and liver (r(2) = 0.68) thiamine concentration increased. Walleye egg thiamine does not appear to be connected to poor natural reproduction in Tennessee walleyes. Threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense, which are found in all three reservoirs, had higher thiaminase activity than alewives. Six fatty acids differed among the walleye eggs for the three reservoirs. Two were physiologically important fatty acids, arachidonic acid (20:4[n-6]) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6[n-3]), which are important eicosanoid precursors involved in the regulation of biological functions, such as immune response and reproduction. C1 US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. US Geol Survey, Environm & Contaminant Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Honeyfield, DC (reprint author), Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Res Stn, 305 E Shoreline Dr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM honeyfie@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1577/H06-033.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 185KM UT WOS:000247709900003 PM 18201048 ER PT J AU Ottinger, CA Brown, JJ Densmore, CL Starliper, CE Blazer, VS Weyers, HS Beauchamp, KA Rhodes, MW Kator, H Gauthier, DT Vogelbein, WK AF Ottinger, C. A. Brown, J. J. Densmore, C. L. Starliper, C. E. Blazer, V. S. Weyers, H. S. Beauchamp, K. A. Rhodes, M. W. Kator, H. Gauthier, D. T. Vogelbein, W. K. TI Mycobacterial infections in striped bass from Delaware Bay SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE-BAY; MORONE-SAXATILIS; HUDSON RIVER; SP-NOV.; PARASITES; PACIFIC; MARINUM; POPULATIONS; WATERS; STOCKS AB Eighty striped bass Morone saxatilis were obtained from Delaware Bay using commercial gill nets set adjacent to Woodland Beach (n = 70) and Bowers Beach (n = 10) in December 2003. Fish were examined for gross lesions. Total lengths (TLs) and eviscerated weights were determined to calculate condition factors (K). Portions of spleens were aseptically harvested for bacterial culture, and portions of spleens, kidneys (anterior and posterior), livers, and gonads were obtained for histological examination. The size distribution of the striped bass was relatively homogeneous; the mean TL was about 600 mm for all samples. Mean K exceeded 0.95 in all samples and was not significantly different (P > 0.05) among samples. Significant differences in mycobacterial infection prevalence (P < 0.05) were observed among samples; samples obtained at Woodland Beach (WB) on December 10 (53.8%, n 13) and December 17 (7.1%, n = 42) exhibited the most striking differences in prevalence. Mycobacterial infection intensity ranged from 1 X 10(2) to 1 X 10(7) colony-forming units per gram of spleen. Acanthocephalan infection prevalence and intensity, non-acid-fast bacterial infection prevalence, and fish sex ratio were also significantly different among the samples (P < 0.05). Similar to the mycobacterial infections, differences in sex ratio, acanthocephalan infection, and non-acid-fast bacterial infection were observed between the WB samples taken on December 10 and 17. However, no significant associations (P > 0.05) were observed between sex ratio or these infections and mycobacterial infection. The differences in bacterial and parasite infection prevalence and intensity and fish sex ratio in some samples indicate that these fish had a different history and that the epizootiology of mycobacterial infection in striped bass from Delaware Bay may be relatively complex. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Delaware River Fisheries Coodinators Off, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Dover Field Off, Sagamiko, Kanagawa 19901, Japan. RP Ottinger, CA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cent New England Fishery Resources Off, 151 Broad St, Nashu, NH 03060 USA. EM chris_ottinger@usgs.gov OI Ottinger, Christopher/0000-0003-2551-1985 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD JUN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1577/H06-023.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 185KM UT WOS:000247709900005 PM 18201050 ER PT J AU Moniz, LJ Nichols, JD Nichols, JM AF Moniz, L. J. Nichols, J. D. Nichols, J. M. TI Mapping the information landscape: Discerning peaks and valleys for ecological monitoring SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ecological monitoring; nonlinear systems; transfer entropy; spatial synchronization ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TIME-SERIES; STATISTICS AB We investigate previously unreported phenomena that have a potentially significant impact on the design of surveillance monitoring programs for ecological systems. Ecological monitoring practitioners have long recognized that different species are differentially informative of a system's dynamics, as codified in the well-known concepts of indicator or keystone species. Using a novel combination of analysis techniques from nonlinear dynamics, we describe marked variation among spatial sites in information content with respect to system dynamics in the entire region. We first observed these phenomena in a spatially extended predator-prey model, but we observed strikingly similar features in verified water-level data from a NOAA/NOS Great Lakes monitoring program. We suggest that these features may be widespread and the design of surveillance monitoring programs should reflect knowledge of their existence. C1 [Moniz, L. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Moniz, L. J.; Nichols, J. D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Nichols, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moniz, LJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM lindamo@comcast.net NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0092-0606 J9 J BIOL PHYS JI J. Biol. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s10867-007-9047-y PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 285DH UT WOS:000254757000001 PM 19669538 ER PT J AU Jian, L Stein, RS Toda, S AF Jian Lin Stein, Ross S. Toda, Shinji TI Stress interactions of thrust earthquakes in continental and oceanic lithosphere SO JOURNAL OF CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Meeting of the International-Professionals-for-the-Advancement-of-Chinese-Earth-Science s CY JUN 25-28, 2007 CL China Univ Geol Sci, Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Professionals Advancement Chinese Earth Sci HO China Univ Geol Sci C1 MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, WHOI Joint Program Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. AIST, Act Fault Res Ctr, Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Jian, L (reprint author), MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, WHOI Joint Program Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jlin@whoi.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES PI WUHAN PA YUJIASHAN, WUHAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0705 J9 J CHINA UNIV GEOSCI JI J. China Univ. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 SI SI BP 480 EP 480 PG 1 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 214WM UT WOS:000249768900186 ER PT J AU Reed, JA Flint, PL AF Reed, John A. Flint, Paul L. TI Movements and foraging effort of Steller's Eiders and Harlequin Ducks wintering near Dutch Harbor, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aleutian Islands; eutrophication; foraging ecology; Harlequin Duck; Histrionicus histrionicus; home range; Polysticta stelleri; Steller's Eider ID LONG-TAILED DUCKS; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; POLYSTICTA-STELLERI; NORTHERN NORWAY; HIGH-LATITUDES; SITE FIDELITY; BEHAVIOR; SURVIVAL; PENINSULA; SIZE AB We studied the movements and foraging effort of radio-marked Steller's Eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) to evaluate habitat quality in an area impacted by industrial activity near Dutch Harbor, Alaska. Foraging effort was relatively low, with Steller's Eiders foraging only 2.7 +/- 0.6 (SE) hours per day and Harlequin Ducks 4.1 +/- 0.5 hours per day. Low-foraging effort during periods of high-energetic demand generally suggests high food availability, and high food availability frequently corresponds with reductions in home range size. However, the winter ranges of Harlequin Ducks did not appear to be smaller than usual, with the mean range size in our study (5.5 +/- 1.1 km(2)) similar to that reported by previous investigators. The mean size of the winter ranges of Steller's Eiders was similar (5.1 +/- 1.3 km(2)), but no comparable estimates are available. Eutrophication of the waters near Dutch Harbor caused by seafood processing and municipal sewage effluent may have increased populations of the invertebrate prey of these sea ducks and contributed to their low-foraging effort. The threat of predation by Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) that winter near Dutch Harbor may cause Steller's Eiders and Harlequin Ducks to move further offshore when not foraging, contributing to an increase in range sizes. Thus, the movement patterns and foraging behavior of these ducks likely represent a balance between the cost and benefits of wintering in a human-influenced environment. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Flint, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM paul_flint@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00093.x PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 169WK UT WOS:000246622600002 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB Thomas, SE Stein, RA AF Bunnell, D. B. Thomas, S. E. Stein, R. A. TI Prey resources before spawning influence gonadal investment of female, but not male, white crappie SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capital' spawning; 'income' spawning; iteroparous reproduction; recruitment; 'skipped' spawning; white crappie ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC COD; EGG-PRODUCTION; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; REPRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT; GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; ENERGY ALLOCATION; WINTER FLOUNDER AB In this study, an outdoor pool experiment was used to evaluate the effect of prey resources during 4 months before spawning on the gonadal investments of male and female white crappie Pomoxis annularis, a popular freshwater sportfish that exhibits erratic recruitment. Fish were assigned one of three feeding treatments: starved, fed once every 5 days (intermediate) or fed daily (high). All measurements of male testes (i.e. wet mass, energy density and spermatocrit) were similar across treatments. Conversely, high-fed females produced larger ovaries than those of intermediate-fed and starved fish, and invested more energy in their ovaries than starved fish. Compared to pre-experiment fish, starved and intermediate-fed females appeared to increase their ovary size by relying on liver energy stores ('capital' spawning). Conversely, high-fed females increased liver and gonad mass, implying an 'income'-spawning strategy (where gonads are built from recently acquired energy). Fecundity did not differ among treatments, but high-fed fish built larger eggs than those starved. Females rarely 'skipped' spawning opportunities when prey resources were low, as only 8% of starved females and 8% of intermediate-fed females lacked vitellogenic eggs. These results suggest that limited prey resources during the months before spawning can limit ovary production, which, in turn, can limit reproductive success of white crappies. Journal compilation (C) 2007 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1838 EP 1854 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01459.x PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 171UX UT WOS:000246762000012 ER PT J AU Lionberger, PS Hubert, WA AF Lionberger, Patrick S. Hubert, Wayne A. TI Introduced species and abiotic factors affect longitudinal variation in small fish assemblages in the Wind River watershed, Wyoming SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL VARIATION; PRAIRIE STREAM; UPSTREAM; IMPOUNDMENT; HABITAT; BASIN AB We assessed longitudinal variation in small fish assemblages in the Wind River watershed upstream from Boysen Reservoir, Wyoming and into the reservoir. Twenty-six species were found in the study area, and 12 of the species were believed to have been introduced since settlement by Europeans. Additions and losses of fish species occurred with downstream progression, especially the addition of introduced species. Introduced species increased from 25% of the total number of species in the upper-most river segment (31.5-35.3 km upstream from the reservoir), to 46% in the river segment immediately upstream from the reservoir, to 48% in the reservoir. The most abundant species in the riverine portion of the watershed was the introduced sand shiner (Notropis stramineus). The results suggest that cyprinid species introduced to the upstream watershed and Boysen Reservoir are influencing small fish assemblages upstream from the reservoir and may be impacting native fishes, particularly native cyprinids. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM whubert@uwyo.edu NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1080/02705060.2007.9665050 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 162LJ UT WOS:000246088600014 ER PT J AU McDonald, DL Bonner, TH Oborny, EL Brandt, TM AF McDonald, Dusty L. Bonner, Timothy H. Oborny, Edmund L., Jr. Brandt, Thomas M. TI Effects of fluctuating temperatures and gill parasites on reproduction of the fountain darter Etheostoma fonticola SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-SIZE ESTIMATE; CENTROCESTUS-FORMOSANUS; FISH; HETEROPHYIDAE; DIGENEA; TEXAS; RIVER AB We assessed the effects of fluctuating temperature and gill parasitism on egg and larval production of the endangered fountain darter (Etheostoma fonticola). Fountain darters, with and without the exotic digenetic trematode Centrocestus formosanus, were exposed in the laboratory to constant (24 degrees C) and fluctuating (24 to 26 degrees C, 26 to 28 degrees C, and 28 to 30 degrees C) water temperatures for 21 d. No differences were detected between the number of eggs produced (P = 0.78) or number of larvae produced (P = 0.11) between fountain darters with and without trematodes. Total egg production was greatest at 24 degrees C and decreased (P < 0.05) by 42% at fluctuating temperature of 24 to 26 degrees C, 65% at fluctuating temperature of 26 to 28 degrees C, and 99.6% at fluctuating temperature of 28 to 30 degrees C. Likewise, larval production was greatest at 24 degrees C and decreased (P < 0.05) by 63% at 24 to 26 degrees C, 99.9% at 26 to 28 degrees C, and 100% at 28 to 30 degrees C. Water temperature (24 to 26 degrees C) that fluctuated within previously considered optimum temperature (< 27 degrees C) reduced the number of eggs and larvae produced by the fountain darter. Results of this study refined maximum optimum temperature requirements of the fountain darter reproduction with water temperatures >= 26 degrees C reducing egg production and water temperatures >= 25 degrees C reducing larval production. C1 SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Biol Program, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. BIOWEST Inc, Round Rock, TX 78664 USA. Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Bonner, TH (reprint author), SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Biol Program, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM TBonner@txstate.edu NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.1080/02705060.2007.9665052 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 162LJ UT WOS:000246088600016 ER PT J AU Ward, MJ Willis, DW Miller, BH Chipps, SR AF Ward, Matthew J. Willis, David W. Miller, Bill H. Chipps, Steven R. TI Walleye consumption and long-term population trends following gizzard shad introduction into a western South Dakota Reservoir SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW PERCH; LAKE ERIE; GROWTH; PREY AB The gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) was introduced into 1,955-ha Angostura Reservoir, South Dakota to provide increased prey resources for walleye (Sander vitreus). Linear correlation analysis indicated that following gizzard shad introduction, walleye catch-per-unit-effort and mean length at age have increased over time (r = 0.68 to 0.85, P = 0.02 to 0.001). Walleye stomach contents were collected monthly from April through September, 2004 to determine the extent to which age-0 gizzard shad were being utilized as prey during the growing season. Age-0 gizzard shad were absent from walleye diets from April to mid-July (pre-shad-available period); however, from mid-July through early September (shad-available period), age-0 gizzard shad were an important prey item in all walleye diets. Mean weight decreased for walleyes of ages 2-5 during the spring, before age-0 gizzard shad became available; however, growth rate of walleyes increased appreciably during the shad-available period and was attributable to consumption of age-0 shad prey. In Angostura Reservoir, which lies at the northwestern edge of the gizzard shad range, walleye population characteristics have improved following shad introduction and during 2004, age-0 shad directly affected walleye feeding and growth. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota Dept Game Fish & Parks, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Ward, MJ (reprint author), Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Dist 3,912 Portage Lakes Dr, Akron, OH 44319 USA. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1080/02705060.2007.9665056 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 162LJ UT WOS:000246088600020 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH McKenna, JE AF Johnson, James H. McKenna, James E., Jr. TI Diel periodicity of drift of larval fishes in tributaries of Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIVER; BASIN AB Diel patterns of downstream drift were examined during mid-June in three tributaries of Lake Ontario. Larval fishes were collected in drift nets that were set in each stream for 72 consecutive hours and emptied at 4.-h intervals. Fantail darter (Ethostoma flabellare and blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atractulus) were the two most abundant native stream fishes and were two of the three species collected in the ichthyoplankton drift. Fantail darter larvae comprised 100%, 98.9%, and 70.2% of the ichthyoplankton in the three streams. Most larval fishes (96%) drifted at night with peak catches occurring at 2400h in Orwell Brook and Trout Brook and 0400h in Little Sandy Creek. Based on stream temperatures, peak spawning and larval drift of blacknose dace probably occurred later in the season. C1 US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 347 EP 350 DI 10.1080/02705060.2007.9665057 PG 4 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 162LJ UT WOS:000246088600021 ER PT J AU Savino, JF Riley, SC Holuszko, MJ AF Savino, Jacqueline F. Riley, Stephen C. Holuszko, Melissa J. TI Activity, aggression, and habitat use of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) and round goby (Apollonia melanostoma) under laboratory conditions SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE behavior; competition; exotic species; invasive; ruffe; round goby ID GOBIES NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; ST-LOUIS RIVER; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; LAKE-SUPERIOR; GREAT-LAKES; BEHAVIORAL INTERACTIONS; MOTTLED SCULPIN; BETTA-SPLENDENS; RISK ANALYSIS; INVASION AB Potential negative ecological interactions between ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus and round goby Apollonia melanostoma (formerly Neogobius melanostomus) might affect the colonization dynamics of these invasive species where they are sympatric in the Great Lakes. In order to determine the potential for ecological interactions between these species, we examined the activity, aggression, and habitat use of round gobies and ruffe in single species and mixed species laboratory experiments. Trials included conditions in which food was concentrated (in light or darkness) or scattered. Results showed that ruffe were more active than gobies, particularly when food was scattered. Activity of both species was significantly lower during darkness. Round gobies were significantly more aggressive than ruffe, and total aggression was lower in mixed species trials. Habitat use by ruffe and round gobies overlapped considerably, but we observed significant differences between species in their use of specific habitats that depended on experimental conditions. Overall, ruffe used open habitats more often than did round gobies, primarily when food was scattered. Round gobies used rocks significantly more frequently than did ruffe, but their use of rock habitat decreased during dark conditions. Ruffe were found more often in plant habitats and less often near the wall of the pool in trials during daylight with concentrated food. Activity and habitat use of ruffe and round goby did not significantly differ between single and mixed species trials. Overall, we found little evidence,for negative ecological interactions between ruffe and round goby in these laboratory experiments. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Savino, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM jsavino@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 326 EP 334 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[326:AAAHUO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 192IY UT WOS:000248196000004 ER PT J AU Bertke, EE AF Bertke, Erin E. TI Composite analysis for Escherichia coli at coastal beaches SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE beach; composite; E. coli; monitoring; recreation AB At some coastal beaches, concentrations of fecal- indicator bacteria can differ substantially: between multiple points at the same beach at the same time. Because of this spatial variability the recreational water quality at beaches is sometimes determined by stratifying a beach into several areas and collecting a sample from each area to analyze for the concentration of fecal- indicator bacteria. The average concentration of bacteria from those points is often used to compare to the recreational standard for advisory postings. Alternatively, if funds are limited, a single sample is collected to represent the beach. Compositing the samples collected from each section of the beach may yield equally accurate data as averaging concentrations from multiple points, at a reduced cost. In the study described herein, water samples were collected at multiple points from three Lake Erie beaches and analyzed for Escherichia coli on modified mTEC agar (EPA Method 1603). From the multiple-point samples, a composite sample (n = 116) was formed at each beach by combining equal aliquots of well-mixed water from each point. Results from this study indicate that E. coli concentrations from the arithmetic average of multiple-point samples and from composited samples are not significantly different (t = 1.59, p = 0.1139) and yield similar measures of recreational water quality; additionally, composite samples could result in a significant cost savings. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Bertke, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM eebertke@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[335:CAFECA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 192IY UT WOS:000248196000005 ER PT J AU Roseman, EF Kennedy, GW Boase, J Manny, BA Todd, TN Stott, W AF Roseman, Edward F. Kennedy, Gregory W. Boase, James Manny, Bruce A. Todd, Thomas N. Stott, Wendylee TI Evidence of lake whitefish spawning in the Detroit river: Implications for habitat and population recovery SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake whitefish; habitat; spawning; Detroit river; lake Erie; restoration ID STURGEON ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; ST-CLAIR; ERIE; MICHIGAN; EGG; SURVIVAL AB Historic reports imply that the lower Detroit River was once a prolific spawning area for lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) prior to the construction of the Livingstone shipping channel in 1911. Large numbers of lake whitefish migrated into the river in fall where they spawned on expansive limestone bedrock and gravel bars. Lake whitefish were harvested in the river during this time by commercial fisheries and for fish culture operations. The last reported landing of lake whitefish from the Detroit River was in 1925. Loss of suitable spawning habitat during the construction of the shipping channels as well cis the effects of over-fishing, sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) predation, loss of riparian wetlands, and other perturbations to riverine habitat are associated with the disappearance of lake whitefish spawning runs. Because lake whitefish are recovering in Lake Erie with substantial spawning occurring in the western basin, we suspected they may once again be using the Detroit River to spawn. We sampled in the Detroit River for lake whitefish adults and eggs in late fall of 2005 and for lake whitefish eggs and fish larvae in 2006 to assess the extent of reproduction in the river. A spawning-ready male lake whitefish was collected in gillnets and several dozen viable lake whitefish eggs were collected with a pump in the Detroit River in November and December 2005. No lake whitefish eggs were found at lower river sites in March of 2006, but viable lake whitefish eggs were found at Belle Isle in the upper river in early April. Several hundred lake whitefish larvae were collected in the river during March through early May 2006. Peak larval densities (30 fish/1,000 m(3) of water) were observed during the week of 3 April. Because high numbers of lake whitefish larvae were collected from mid- and downstream sample sites in the river, we believe that production of lake whitefish in the Detroit River may be a substantial contribution to the lake whitefish population in Lake Erie. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fishery Resources Off, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Roseman, EF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM eroseman@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 21 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 397 EP 406 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 192IY UT WOS:000248196000010 ER PT J AU Manny, BA Kennedy, GW Allen, JD French, JRP AF Manny, Bruce A. Kennedy, Gregory W. Allen, Jeffrey D. French, John R. P., III TI First evidence of egg deposition by walleye (Sander vitreus) in the Detroit river SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Detroit river; walleye; egg deposition; sander vitreus ID STURGEON ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; GREAT-LAKES; ST-CLAIR; HABITAT; ONTARIO; MANAGEMENT; SCIENCE AB The importance of fish spawning habitat in channels connecting the Great Lakes to fishery productivity in those lakes is poorly understood and has not been adequately documented. The Detroit River is a reputed spawning and nursery area for many fish, including walleye (Sander vitreus) that migrate between adjacent Lakes Erie and St. Clair. During April-May 2004, near the head of the Detroit River, we collected 136 fish eggs from the bottom of the river on egg mats. We incubated the eggs at the Great Lakes Science Center until they hatched. All eleven larvae that hatched from the eggs were identified as walleye. These eggs and larvae are the first credible scientific evidence that walleye spawn in the Detroit River. Their origin might be a stock of river-spawning walleye. Such a stock of walleye could potentially add resilience to production by walleye stocks that spawn and are harvested in adjacent waters. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Manny, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Greeen Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM bmanny@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 512 EP 516 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 192IY UT WOS:000248196000019 ER PT J AU Fellers, GM Kleeman, PM AF Fellers, Gary M. Kleeman, Patrick M. TI California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) movement and habitat use: Implications for conservation SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER TURTLES; POSTBREEDING MOVEMENTS; LANDSCAPE RESISTANCE; BUFFER ZONES; AMPHIBIANS; FOREST; EMIGRATION; MANAGEMENT; WETLANDS AB Nonbreeding habitats are critically important for Rana draytonii, especially for individuals that breed in temporary bodies of water. We radiotracked 123 frogs to evaluate seasonal habitat use. Individual frogs were continuously tracked for up to 16 months. Some individuals remained at breeding ponds all year, but 66% of female and 25% of male frogs moved to nonbreeding areas, even when the breeding site retained water. Frogs at our main study site moved 150 m (median), roughly the distance to the nearest suitable nonbreeding area. The greatest straight-line distance traveled was 1.4 km, although the presumed distance traveled was 2.8 km. Females were more likely than males to move from permanent ponds (38% of females, 16% of males), but among dispersing frogs, males and females did not differ in distance moved. Some frogs left breeding sites shortly after oviposition (median = 12 days for females, 42.5 days for males), but many individuals remained until the site was nearly dry. Fog provided moisture for dispersal or migration throughout the summer. Our data demonstrate that maintaining populations of pond-breeding amphibians requires that all essential habitat components be protected; these include (1) breeding habitat, (2) nonbreeding habitat, and (3) migration corridors. In addition, a buffer is needed around all three areas to ensure that outside activities do not degrade any of the three habitat components. C1 USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP Fellers, GM (reprint author), USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM gary_fellers@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 37 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 276 EP 286 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[276:CRFRDM]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 179LU UT WOS:000247291900014 ER PT J AU Currens, CR Liss, WJ Hoffman, RL AF Currens, Christopher R. Liss, William J. Hoffman, Robert L. TI Impacts of a gape limited brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, on larval northwestern salamander, Ambystoma gracile, growth: A field enclosure experiment SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREDATOR PREY INTERACTIONS; RAINIER-NATIONAL-PARK; HIGH-ELEVATION LAKES; INTRODUCED TROUT; FISH PREDATION; REFUGE USE; POPULATIONS; MACRODACTYLUM; SIZE; COMMUNITIES AB The formation of amphibian population structure is directly affected by predation. Although aquatic predators have been shown to have direct negative effects on larval salamanders in laboratory and field experiments, the potential impacts of gape-limited fish on larval salamander growth has been largely underexplored. We designed an enclosure experiment conducted in situ to quantify the effects of gape-limited Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) on larval Northwestern Salamander (Ambystoma gracile) growth. We specifically tested whether the presence of fish too small to consume larvae had a negative effect on larval growth. The results of this study indicate that the presence of a gape-limited S. fontinalis can have a negative effect on growth of larval A. gracile salamanders. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Currens, CR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ambystomac@hotmail.com NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[321:IOAGLB]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 179LU UT WOS:000247291900020 ER PT J AU Crocker, JB Bank, MS Loftin, CS Brown, REJ AF Crocker, Jeffrey B. Bank, Michael S. Loftin, Cynthia S. Brown, Robin E. Jung TI Influence of observers and stream flow on Northern Two-Lined Salamander (Eurycea bislineata bislineata) relative abundance estimates in Acadia and Shenandoah National Parks, USA SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DESIGN; DETECTION PROBABILITY; MICRODISTRIBUTION AB We investigated effects of observers and stream flow on Northern Two-Lined Salamander (Eurycea bislineata bislineata) counts in streams in Acadia (ANP) and Shenandoah National Parks (SNP). We counted salamanders in 22 ANP streams during high flow (May to June 2002) and during low flow (July 2002). We also counted salamanders in SNP in nine streams during high flow (summer 2003) and 11 streams during low flow (summers 2001-02, 2004). In 2002, we used a modified cover-controlled active search method with a first and second observer. In succession, observers turned over 100 rocks along five 1-m belt transects across the streambed. The difference between observers in total salamander counts was not significant. We counted fewer E. b. bislineata during high flow conditions, confirming that detection of this species is reduced during high flow periods and that assessment of stream salamander relative abundance is likely more reliable during low or base flow conditions. C1 Univ Maine, Program Ecol & Environm Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Harvard Univ, Landmark Ctr W, Dept Environm Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Maine, USGS, Marine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Crocker, JB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Program Ecol & Environm Sci, Dept Biol Sci, 5722 Deering Hall,Room 202, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM jeff.crocker@unb.ca NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 325 EP 329 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[325:IOOASF]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 179LU UT WOS:000247291900021 ER PT J AU MacNulty, DR Mech, LD Smith, DW AF MacNulty, Daniel R. Mech, L. David Smith, Douglas W. TI A proposed ethogram of large-carnivore predatory behavior, exemplified by the wolf SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE behavioral classification; Bison bison; Canis lupus; carnivore; Cervus elaphus; ethogram; predator behavior; predator-prey interaction; wolf ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WHITE-TAILED DEER; AFRICAN WILD DOGS; HUNTING SUCCESS; MULE DEER; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; THOMSON GAZELLES; CROCUTA-CROCUTA; SPOTTED HYAENAS; PREY SELECTION AB Although predatory behavior is traditionally described by a basic ethogram composed of 3 phases (search, pursue, and capture), behavioral studies of large terrestrial carnivores generally use the concept of a "hunt" to classify and measure foraging. This approach is problematic because there is no consensus on what behaviors constitute a hunt. We therefore examined how the basic ethogram could be used as a common framework for classifying largecarnivore behavior. We used >2,150 h of observed wolf (Canis lupus) behavior in Yellowstone National Park, including 517 and 134 encounters with elk (Cervus elaphus) and American bison (Bison bison), respectively, to demonstrate the functional importance of several frequently described, but rarely quantified, patterns of largecarnivore behavior not explicitly described by the basic ethogram (approaching, watching, and attacking groups). To account for these additionally important behaviors we propose a modified form of the basic ethogram (search, approach, watch, attack-group, attack-individual, and capture). We tested the applicability of this ethogram by comparing it to 31 previous classifications and descriptions involving 7 other species and 5 other wolf populations. Close correspondence among studies suggests that this ethogram may provide a generally useful scheme for classifying large-camivore predatory behavior that is behaviorally less ambiguous than the concept of a hunt. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, United States Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP MacNulty, DR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, 100 Ecol Bldg 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM macn0007@umn.edu RI MacNulty, Dan/L-3965-2016 NR 72 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 11 U2 79 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 3 BP 595 EP 605 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-119R1.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 176UJ UT WOS:000247110100007 ER PT J AU Peressini, G Quick, JE Sinigoi, S Hofmann, AW Fanning, M AF Peressini, G. Quick, J. E. Sinigoi, S. Hofmann, A. W. Fanning, M. TI Duration of a large Mafic intrusion and heat transfer in the lower crust: A SHRIMP U-Pb zircon study in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (Western Alps, Italy) SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ivrea-Verbano Zone; thermal evolution of continental crust; underplating; U-PbSHRIMP geochronology; zircon ID GRANULITE-FACIES METAMORPHISM; GRADE FLUID METASOMATISM; STRONA DI OMEGNA; SOUTHERN-ALPS; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; AMPHIBOLITE-FACIES; MINERAL CHEMISTRY; MANTLE TRANSITION AB The Ivrea-Verbano Zone in the western Italian Alps contains one of the worlds classic examples of ponding of mantle-derived, mafic magma in the deep crust. Within it, a voluminous, composite mafic pluton, the Mafic Complex, intruded lower-crustal, high-grade paragneiss of the Kinzigite Formation during Permian-Carboniferous time, and is now exposed in cross-section as a result of Alpine uplift. The age of the intrusion is still debated because the results of geochronological studies in the last three decades on different rock types and with various dating techniques range from 250 to about 300 Ma. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon age determinations on 12 samples from several locations within the Mafic Complex were performed to better constrain the age of the igneous event. The results indicate a long history of magma emplacement and cooling, which reconciles the spread in previously published ages. The main intrusive phase took place at 288 +/- 4 Ma, causing a perturbation of the deep-crustal geotherm, which relaxed to the Sm-Nd closure temperature in garnet-free inafic rocks after about 15-20 Myr of sub-solidus cooling at c. 270 Ma. These results suggest that large, deep crustal plutons, such as those identified geophysically at depths of 10-20 km within extended continental crust (e.g.) Yellowstone, Rio Grande Rift, Basin and Range) may have formed rapids but induced a prolonged thermal perturbation. In addition, the data indicate that a significant thermal event affected the country rock of the Mafic Complex at about 310 Ma. The occurrence of an upper amphibolite- to granulite-facies thermal event in the Kinzigite Formation prior to the main intrusive phase of the Mafic Complex has been postulated by several workers, and is corroborated by other geochronological investigations. However, it remains uncertain whether this event (1) was part of a prolonged perturbation of the deep-crustal geotherm, which started long before the onset of intrusion of the Mafic Complex, or (2) corresponded to the intrusion of the first sills of the Mafic Complex, or (3) was related to an earlier, independent thermal pulse. C1 Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Max Planck Inst Chem, Chem Abt, Mainz, Germany. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Peressini, G (reprint author), Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Pal N,Via Weiss 8, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. EM peressin@units.it RI Fanning, C. Mark/I-6449-2016; OI Fanning, C. Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145; SINIGOI, Silvano/0000-0001-6812-4083 NR 100 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1185 EP 1218 DI 10.1093/petrology/egm014 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 183HY UT WOS:000247565100005 ER PT J AU Klavitter, JL Marzluff, JM AF Klavitter, John L. Marzluff, John M. TI Methods to correct for density inflation biases in Hawaiian Hawk surveys using attractant calls SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian Hawk; Io; Buteo solitarius; density; playback recordings; point count; survey ID ABUNDANCE AB Point-count surveys with playback recordings have been used to estimate density and abundance for Hawaiian Hawks ('Io; Buteo solitarius) on Hawaii. Playbacks are necessary for effective surveys, but attract hawks toward the observer prior to their detection. This attraction inflates estimates of density and abundance based on distance analytical techniques. We quantified movement of radio-tagged Hawaiian Hawks and evaluated six methods to adjust estimates to account for attraction. We evaluated methods by comparing density estimates determined by spot mapping to adjusted point counts at two study sites (Kona Forest, Pun Waawaa) during 1998 and 1999 on Hawaii. By spot mapping, we estimated densities of 0.59 and 0.76 hawks/km(2) at the Pun Waawaa and Kona Refuge study sites, respectively. We adjusted for (1) lack of response, (2) attraction to calls, (3) attraction and lack of response, (4) view obstruction, (5) view obstruction and lack of response, and (6) movement prior to detection. All methods were effective in adjusting density at the two study areas, but simply subtracting the mean distance moved from estimated distances (attraction) provided nearly identical density estimates to spot mapping. We describe a simple computer simulation routine to accomplish this task for future Hawaiian Hawk surveys. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Wildlife Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Klavitter, JL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Midway Atoll Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM john_klavitter@fws.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2007)41[81:MTCFDI]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 192HX UT WOS:000248192900001 ER PT J AU Pearson, RR Livezey, KB AF Pearson, Robert R. Livezey, Kent B. TI Spotted Owls, Barred Owls, and Late-Successional Reserves SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Barred Owl; strix varia; Northern Spotted Owl; strix occidentalis caurina; Late-Successional Reserves; Northwest Forest Plan ID NORTHWEST FOREST PLAN; BEHAVIOR; HABITAT; OREGON; DIETS C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP Pearson, RR (reprint author), 159 Alpine Dr, Packwood, WA 98361 USA. EM kent_livezey@fws.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 156 EP 161 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2007)41[156:SOBOAL]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 192HX UT WOS:000248192900010 ER PT J AU Goldstein, RM Meador, MR Ruhl, KE AF Goldstein, Robert M. Meador, Michael R. Ruhl, Kelly E. TI Relative influence of streamflows in assessing temporal variability in stream habitat SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE environmental indicators; erosion; flooding; geomorphology; rivers/streams; urban areas ID LAND-USE; URBANIZATION; COMMUNITIES; SCALES; BROOK; FLOOD; RIVER AB The effects of streamflows on temporal variation in stream habitat were analyzed from the data collected 6-11 years apart at 38 sites across the United States. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the variation in habitat caused by streamflow at the time of sampling and high flows between sampling. In addition to flow variables, the model also contained geomorphic and land use factors. The regression model was statistically significant (p < 0.05; R-2 = 0.31-0.46) for 5 of 14 habitat variables: mean wetted stream depth, mean bankfull depth, mean wetted stream width, coefficient of variation of wetted stream width, and the percent frequency of bank erosion. High flows between samples accounted for about 16% of the total variation in the frequency of bank erosion. Streamflow at the time of sampling was the main source of variation in mean stream depth and contributed to the variation in mean stream width and the frequency of bank erosion. Urban land use ( population change) accounted for over 20% of the total variation in mean bankfull depth, 15% of the total variation in the coefficient of variation of stream width, and about 10% of the variation in mean stream width. C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Goldstein, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM goldstei@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 642 EP 650 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00051.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 171UK UT WOS:000246760700008 ER PT J AU Coles-Ritchie, MC Roberts, DW Kershner, JL Henderson, RC AF Coles-Ritchie, Marc C. Roberts, David W. Kershner, Jeffrey L. Henderson, Richard C. TI Use of a wetland index to evaluate changes in riparian vegetation after livestock exclusion SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE riparian; ecology; monitoring; wetland indicator; livestock exclosures ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; STREAM CHANNEL; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; WILD UNGULATE; GREAT-BASIN; CATTLE; MEADOWS; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES AB A method was developed to characterize ecological integrity of riparian sites based on the abundance of hydric species. This wetland index can be calculated with species data, or with community type data as performed here. Classified riparian community types were used to describe vegetation at 14 livestock exclosures and adjacent grazed areas. Community type wetland index values were generated and used to calculate site wetland index values. It was hypothesized that removal of livestock would result in higher wetland index values because of release from herbivory and decreased physical disturbance of vegetation, streambanks, and soil. The wetland index for exclosures was about 12% higher than grazed sites; differences were statistically significant (p < 0.01) based on paired t-tests. The increase in hydric vegetation after livestock exclusion may have contributed to the greater bank stability (p= 0.002) and smaller width-to-depth ratio (p= 0.005) in exclosures. Challenges were encountered in using community types to describe and compare site vegetation, which could be avoided with species data collection. The wetland index can be a tool to monitor sites over time, compare sites with similar environments, or compare sites for which environmental differences can be accounted. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, PIBO Effect Monitoring Program, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Coles-Ritchie, MC (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, PIBO Effect Monitoring Program, 860 N 1200 E, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM mcolesritchie@fs.fed.us NR 76 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 731 EP 743 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00058.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 171UK UT WOS:000246760700015 ER PT J AU Ruehl, CR Fisher, AT Los Huertos, M Wankel, SD Wheat, CG Kendall, C Hatch, CE Shennan, C AF Ruehl, Christopher R. Fisher, Andrew T. Los Huertos, Marc Wankel, Scott D. Wheat, C. Geoff Kendall, Carol Hatch, Christine E. Shennan, Carol TI Nitrate dynamics within the Pajaro River, a nutrient-rich, losing stream SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE rivers; solute transport; denitrification; (15)N/(14)N; (18)O/(16)O ID SONORAN DESERT STREAM; HYPORHEIC ZONE; UNITED-STATES; MEDITERRANEAN STREAM; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; TRANSIENT STORAGE; NITROGEN BUDGET; REACH-SCALE; FRESH-WATER; DENITRIFICATION AB The major ion chemistry of water from an 11.42-km reach of the Pajaro River, a losing stream in central coastal California, shows a consistent pattern of higher concentrations during the 2(nd) (dry) half of the water year. Most solutes are conserved during flow along the reach, but [NO(3)(-)] decreases by similar to 30% and is accompanied by net loss of channel discharge and extensive surface-subsurface exchange. The corresponding net NO(3)(-) uptake length is 37 +/- 13 km (42 +/- 12 km when normalized to the conservative solute Cl(-)), and the areal NO(3)(-) uptake rate is 0.5 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). The observed reduction in [NO(3)(-)] along the reach results from one or more internal sinks, not dilution by ground water, hill-slope water, or other water inputs. Observed reductions in [NO(3)(-)] and channel discharge along the experimental reach result in a net loss of 200-400 kg/d of NO(3)(-)-N, similar to 50% of the input load. High-resolution (temporal and spatial) sampling indicates that most of the NO(3)(-) loss occurs along the lower part of the reach, where there is the greatest seepage loss and surface-subsurface exchange of water. Stable isotopes of NO(3)(-), total dissolved P concentrations, and streambed chemical profiles suggest that denitrification is the most significant NO(3)(-)sink along the reach. Denitrification efficiency, as expressed through downstream enrichment in (15)N-NO(3)(-), varies considerably during the water year. When discharge is greater (typically earlier in the water year), denitrification is least efficient and downstream enrichment in (15)N-NO(3)(-) is greatest. When discharge is lower, denitrification in the streambed appears to occur with greater efficiency, resulting in lower downstream enrichment in (15)N-NO(3)(-) C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth & Planetary Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth & Planetary Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Environm Studies Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Agrecol & Sustainable Food Syst, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Stable Isotope Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Alaska, Global Undersea Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Ruehl, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth & Planetary Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM cruehl@pmc.ucsc.edu; afisher@pmc.ucsc.edu; marcos@ucsc.edu; sdwankel@usgs.gov; wheat@mbari.org; ckendall@usgs.gov; chatch@pmc.ucsc.edu; cshennan@ucsc.edu RI Ruehl, Christopher/G-5267-2011; Shennan, Carol/I-1694-2013; Fisher, Andrew/A-1113-2016 OI Shennan, Carol/0000-0001-6401-5007; NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 191 EP 206 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[191:NDWTPR]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 166YS UT WOS:000246417700003 ER PT J AU Kurth, J Loftin, C Zydlewski, J Rhymer, J AF Kurth, Jennifer Loftin, Cynthia Zydlewski, Joseph Rhymer, Judith TI PIT tags increase effectiveness of freshwater mussel recaptures SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE PIT tags; freshwater mussels; survival; recapture; Lampsilis radiata radiata; translocation ID UNIONIDAE; TECHNOLOGY; RELOCATION; BIVALVIA; HABITAT AB Translocations are used increasingly to conserve populations of rare freshwater mussels. Recovery of translocated mussels is essential to accurate assessment of translocation success. We designed an experiment to evaluate the use of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to mark and track individual freshwater mussels. We used eastern lampmussels (Lampsilis radiata radiata) as a surrogate for 2 rare mussel species. We assessed internal and external PIT-tag retention in the laboratory and field. Internal tag retention was high (75-100%), and tag rejection occurred primarily during the first 3 wk after tagging. A thin layer of nacre coated internal tags 3 to 4 mo after insertion, suggesting that long-term retention is likely. We released mussels with external PIT tags at 3 field study sites and recaptured them with a PIT pack (mobile interrogation unit) 8 to 10 mo and 21 to 23 mo after release. Numbers of recaptured mussels differed among study sites; however, we found more tagged mussels with the PIT-pack searches with visual confirmation (72-80%) than with visual searches alone (30-47%) at all sites. PIT tags offer improved recapture of translocated mussels and increased accuracy of posttranslocation monitoring. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Kurth, J (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM jennifer_kurth@umit.maine.edu; cyndy_loftin@umenfa.maine.edu; jzydlewki@usgs.gov; judith_rhymer@umit.maine.edu NR 22 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[253:PTIEOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 166YS UT WOS:000246417700008 ER PT J AU Cuffney, TE Bilger, MD Haigler, AM AF Cuffney, T. E. Bilger, M. D. Haigler, A. M. TI Ambiguous taxa: effects on the characterization and interpretation of invertebrate assemblages SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE taxa richness; benthic invertebrates; assemblage metrics; ordination; data comparability; macroinvertebrates; sample processing; richness ID MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION; ORDINATION; SELECTION; STREAMS AB Damaged and immature specimens often result in macroinvertebrate data that contain ambiguous parent-child pairs (i.e., abundances associated with multiple related levels of the taxonomic hierarchy such as Baetis pluto and the associated ambiguous parent Baetis sp.). The choice of method used to resolve ambiguous parent-child pairs may have a very large effect on the characterization of invertebrate assemblages and the interpretation of responses to environmental change because very large proportions of taxa richness (73-78%) and abundance (79-91 %) can be associated with ambiguous parents. To address this issue, we examined 16 variations of 4 basic methods for resolving ambiguous taxa: RPKC (remove parent, keep child), MCWP (merge child with parent), RPMC (remove parent or merge child with parent depending on their abundances), and DPAC (distribute parents among children). The choice of method strongly affected assemblage structure, assemblage characteristics (e.g., metrics), and the ability to detect responses along environmental (urbanization) gradients. All methods except MCWP produced acceptable results when used consistently within a study. However, the assemblage characteristics (e.g., values of assemblage metrics) differed widely depending on the method used, and data should not be combined unless the methods used to resolve ambiguous taxa are well documented and are known to be comparable. The suitability of the methods was evaluated and compared on the basis of 13 criteria that considered conservation of taxa richness and abundance, consistency among samples, methods, and studies, and effects on the interpretation of the data. Methods RPMC and DPAC had the highest suitability scores regardless of whether ambiguous taxa were resolved for each sample separately or for a group of samples. Method MCWP gave consistently poor results. Methods MCWP and DPAC approximate the use of family-level identifications and operational taxonomic units (OTU), respectively. Our results suggest that restricting identifications to the family level is not a good method of resolving ambiguous taxa, whereas generating OTUs works well provided that documentation issues are addressed. C1 US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. Meredith Coll, Dept Biol & Hlth Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Cuffney, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM tcuffney@usgs.gov; mbilger@ecoanalysts.com; ahaigler1@nc.rr.com NR 36 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 286 EP 307 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[286:ATEOTC]2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 166YS UT WOS:000246417700011 ER PT J AU Folk, TH Grand, JB Palmer, WE Carroll, JP Sisson, DC Terhune, TM Wellendorf, SD Stribling, HL AF Folk, Travis H. Grand, James B. Palmer, William E. Carroll, John P. Sisson, D. Clay Terhune, Theron M. Wellendorf, Shane D. Stribling, H. Lee TI Estimates of survival from radiotelemetry: A response to Guthery and Lusk SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE age ratios; Colinus virginianus; meta-analysis; northern bobwhite; radiotelemetry; survival estimation ID NEW-WORLD POPULATIONS; FEMALE WOOD DUCKS; NORTHERN BOBWHITES; COMPARATIVE DEMOGRAPHY; INCUBATION BEHAVIOR; RADIOTRANSMITTERS; TRANSMITTERS; DISPERSAL; SOUTHEAST; CAPTURE AB Radiotelemetry has become an important and frequently used tool in wildlife re search. Inferences drawn from radiotelemetry data depend on the assumption that the radiotransmitters are not influencing parameter(s) of interest. An article by Guthery and Lusk (2004) in the Wildlife Society Bulletin questioned the validity of this assumption for estimating survival rates of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) using radiotelemetry data. In this evaluation, we address technical and philosophical flaws in Guthery and Lusk's (2004) critique of northern bobwhite studies utilizing radiotelemetry. They concluded that biologists should be skeptical of radiotelemetry studies and they advised researchers to design studies to address potential biases caused by radiotransmitters using indepen dent data. Although we agree that researchers are responsible for testing key assumptions of their techniques, we believe Guthery and Lusk's (2004) conclusions were not well supported and were based on tenuous assumptions. Guthery and Lusk (2004) calculated the level of productivity (given as a fall age ratio) required to balance a simple population model that contained published estimates of annual survival and assumed an annual finite population growth rate of 1.0. We review their population model and show that the relationship between an annual survival rate and fall age ratio is nonlinear. This nonlinearity can lead to biased estimates of a fall age ratio, especially at lower values of annual survival. We also question the validity of using fall age ratios as an estimator of productivity. Further, we suggest that this assessment of a radiotransmitter effect from a survival rate itself is not appropriate. This rate can be depressed (or elevated) for a variety of reasons not related to the influence of radi, otransmitters. In addition, Guthery and Lusk (2004) assumed that daily survival rates (as calculated from both annual and seasonal published estimates) were constant throughout the year; thus, they scaled daily survival rates from seasonal to annual estimates. Further, their meta-analysis was hindered by temporal pseudoreplication and a lack of independence among the observations used in the analysis. We conclude the weight of the evidence presented by Guthery and Lusk (2004) is not as strong as they claim because it fails to meet the test of sufficient causation. While scientists should always be skeptical and critical of assumptions of all methods employed in wildlife research, more rigorous tests are necessary before we discredit a valuable technique without sufficient empirical evidence. C1 Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Pineland Plantat, Albany Quail Project, Newton, GA 39872 USA. RP Folk, TH (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM folktra@gmail.com NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1033 DI 10.2193/2005-641 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 177QV UT WOS:000247168500003 ER PT J AU Noa, LA Hirth, DH Donovan, TM Cimprich, D AF Noa, Leslie A. Hirth, David H. Donovan, Therese M. Cimprich, David TI Demographic differences of black-capped vireos in 2 habitat types in central Texas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; age structure; black-capped vireo; endangered species; Fort Hood; habitat management; habitat selection; nesting success; Texas; Vireo atricapilla ID POPULATIONS; PREDATION; DYNAMICS; FOREST; NESTS; WARBLERS; REMOVAL AB To understand the effects of habitat selection, we analyzed differences in abundance, age structure, and nesting success of black-capped vireos (Vireo atricapilla) in 2 early successional habitat types found on Fort Hood, a 87,890-ha Military Reservation in central Texas, USA. These habitats were 1) large areas of continuously shrubby vegetation (both natural and mechanically made), referred to as shrubland habitat, and 2) anthropogenically created small patches of shrubby vegetation centered on one or several large trees, known locally as donut habitat. The objectives of our study were to determine whether there were differences in abundance, age structure, and daily nest survival in these 2 habitat types and to determine whether donut habitat is high- or low-quality habitat. Donut habitat had a lower abundance of vireos (half as many as shrubland/point count) and a higher percentage of second-year males, suggesting donut habitat was lower-quality habitat than shrubland. Analyses of daily nest survival indicated that habitat, nest height, and year were all important variables. Nests initiated in 2004, located in shrubland habitats, and higher from the ground were more likely to succeed. Our study provided evidence that habitat is a limiting factor for this federally endangered species. Because habitat is limiting, wildlife biologists at Fort Hood should focus on managing higher quality, contiguous shrubland habitat. Wildlife biologists should also continue to monitor areas of donut habitat to determine whether they represent potential population sinks. C1 Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Nat Conservancy Texas, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. RP Noa, LA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, 102C Shelford Vivarium, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. EM lnoa@life.uiuc.edu NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1042 EP 1049 DI 10.2193/2005-669 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 177QV UT WOS:000247168500005 ER PT J AU Reinkensmeyer, DP Miller, RF Anthony, RG Marr, VE AF Reinkensmeyer, Daniel P. Miller, Ricard F. Anthony, Robert G. Marr, Vern E. TI Avian community structure along a mountain big sagebrush successional gradient SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; avian communities; diversity; fire effects; juniper encroachment; richness; shrub-steppe communities ID WESTERN JUNIPER; BIRD COMMUNITIES; STEPPE; ENCROACHMENT; VEGETATION; EXPANSION; WOODLAND; OREGON; FIRE AB We compared vegetative structure and bird communities among 4 successional states in central Oregon representing a continuum from 1) postburn grassland, 2) mountain big sagebrush-Idaho fescue (Artemisia tridentata-Festuca idahoensis) shrub-steppe, 3) sagebrush-steppe-juniper (Juniperus occidentalis), to 4) old-growth western juniper. Species richness, evenness, and diversity of bird communities were highest in old-growth and mid-successional juniper (22.9 species/transect and 23.6 species/transect, respectively) but lowest in the grasslands (17.6 species/transect). Bird species diversity was positively correlated with physiognomic cover diversity (r = 0. 74, P = 0.001). Density of breeding birds was greatest in old-growth juniper (6.6 birds/ha) and lowest in postburn grasslands (3.6 birds/ha) but similar in shrub-steppe and sagebrush-steppe-juniper (6.0 birds/ha and 5.5 birds/ha, respectively). Old-growth juniper had the highest total densities of both tree and cavity nesters. Mountain chickadees (Parus gambeli), Cassin's finches (Carpodacus cassinii), chipping sparrows (Spizella passerina), brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), mountain bluebirds (Sialia currucoides), dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis), Empidonax flycatchers, ash-throated flycatchers (Myiarchus cinerascens), and northern flickers (Colaptes auratus) were more abundant in cover types dominated by junipers. Vesper sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus), western meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta), green-tailed towhees (Pipilo chlorurus), and horned larks (Eremophila alpestris) were associated with grassland communities. Brewer's sparrows (Spizella breweri), sage sparrows (Amphispiza belli), sage thrashers (Oreoscoptes montanus), and horned larks (Eremophila alpestris) were most abundant in sagebrush cover types. Management strategies should restore or maintain the desired proportions of the different successional states to maintain populations of grassland and sagebrush birds while providing habitat for tree and cavity nesting species. C1 Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97220 USA. RP Reinkensmeyer, DP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM robert.anthony@oregonstate.edu NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1057 EP 1066 DI 10.2193/2005-702 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 177QV UT WOS:000247168500007 ER PT J AU Austin, JE Henry, AR Ball, IJ AF Austin, Jane E. Henry, Adonia R. Ball, I. Joseph TI Sandhill crane abundance and nesting ecology at Grays Lake, Idaho SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Grays Lake; Grus canadensis tabida; habitat management; Idaho; nesting ecology; population; sandhill crane ID SUCCESS; ALASKA AB We examined population size and factors influencing nest survival of greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) at Crays Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Idaho, USA, during 1997-2000. Average local population of cranes from late April to early May, 1998-2000, was 735 cranes, 34% higher than that reported for May 1970-1971. We estimated 228 (SE 30) nests in the basin core (excluding renests), 14% higher than a 1971 estimate. Apparent nest success in our study (x = 60%, n = 519 nests) was lower than reported for Grays Lake 30-50 years earlier. Daily survival rates (DSRs) of all nests averaged 0.9707 (41.2%). The best model explaining nest survival included year and water depth and their interaction. Nest survival was highest (DSR = 0.9827) in 1998 compared with other years (0.9698-0.9707). Nest survival changed little relative to water depth in 1998, when flooding was extensive and alternative prey (microtines) irrupted, but declined markedly with lower water levels in 2000, the driest year studied. Hypotheses relating nest survival to vegetation height, land use (idle, summer grazing, fall grazing), and date were not supported. In a before-after-control-impact design using 12 experimental fields, nest survival differed among years but not among management treatments (idle, fall graze, fall burn, and summer-graze-idle rotation), nor was there an interaction between year and treatments. However, DSRs in fall-burn fields declined from 0.9781 in 1997-1998 to 0.9503 in 1999-2000 (posttreatment). Changes in the predator community have likely contributed to declines in nest success since the 1950s and 1970s. Our results did not support earlier concerns about effects of habitat management practices on crane productivity. Nest survival could best be enhanced by managing spring water levels. Managers should continue censuses during late April to evaluate long-term relationships to habitat conditions and management. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Austin, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM jane_austin@usgs.gov OI Austin, Jane/0000-0001-8775-2210 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1067 EP 1079 DI 10.2193/2005-705 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 177QV UT WOS:000247168500008 ER PT J AU Bender, LC Lomas, LA Browning, J AF Bender, Louis C. Lomas, Laurie A. Browning, Jason TI Condition, survival, and cause-specific mortality of adult female mule deer in north-central New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cause-specific mortality; fat; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; precipitation; survival ID DESERT; TEXAS; PRODUCTIVITY; TELEMETRY; DYNAMICS; QUALITY; INDEXES; DIETS; FAWNS AB From December 2001 to December 2004 we monitored 30-44 adult female mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) annually to assess the factors affecting survival and cause-specific mortality. We found adult female survival of 0.63 (SE = 0.08), 0.90 (SE = 0.05), and 0.91 (SE = 0.04), 2002-2004, respectively. Starvation was the most common cause of mortality, accounting for 11/23 mortalities. Mean ingesta-free body fat (IFBF) levels of adult females in December were low (6-9%), despite few (0-13%) lactating adult females, indicative of extremely nutritionally deficient summer-autumn ranges throughout the study site. A priori levels of IFBF and rump body condition scores (rBCS) were higher in deer that survived the following year regardless of cause of mortality. Logistical analysis indicated that models containing individual body fat, rBCS, mean population body fat, winter precipitation, precipitation during mid- to late gestation, and total annual precipitation were related (X-2 >= 9.1; P <= 0.003) to deer survival, with individual IFBF (P = -0.47 [SE = 0.21]; odds ratio = 0.63 [0.42-0.94]) and population mean IFBF (0 =-1.94 [SE = 0.68]; odds ratio = 0.14 [0.04-0.54]) the best predictors; with either variable, probability of dying decreased as fat levels increased. Fawn production was low (2-29 fawns/100 ad F) and, combined with adult survival, resulted in estimated population rates of increase of -35%, -5%, and +6% for 2002-2004, respectively. Deer survival and population performance were limited in north-central New Mexico, USA, due to poor condition of deer, likely a result of limited food resulting from both drought and long-term changes in plant communities. Precipitation during mid- to late gestation was also important for adult female survival in north-central New Mexico. C1 US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bender, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 30003 MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM lbender@nmsu.edu NR 39 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1118 EP 1124 DI 10.2193/2006-226 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 177QV UT WOS:000247168500013 ER PT J AU Sargeant, GA Oehler, MW AF Sargeant, Glen A. Oehler, Michael W., Sr. TI Dynamics of newly established elk populations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; elk; introduced populations; North Dakota; population dynamics; rate of increase; reproduction; survival; Theodore Roosevelt National Park ID SEX-RATIOS; TULE ELK; SURVIVAL; INCREASE; MAMMALS; AGE AB The dynamics of newly established elk (Cervus elaphus) populations can provide insights about maximum sustainable rates of reproduction, survival, and increase. However, data used to estimate rates of increase typically have been limited to counts and rarely have included complementary estimates of vital rates. Complexities of population dynamics cannot be understood without considering population processes as well as population states. We estimated pregnancy rates, survival rates, age ratios, and sex ratios for reintroduced elk at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota, USA; combined vital rates in a population projection model; and compared model projections with observed elk numbers and population ratios. Pregnancy rates in January (early in the second trimester of pregnancy) averaged 54.1% (SE = 5.4%) for subadults and 91.0% (SE = 1.7%) for adults, and 91.6% of pregnancies resulted in recruitment at 8 months. Annual survival rates of adult females averaged 0.96 (95% CI = 0.94-0.98) with hunting included and 0.99 (95% CI = 0.97-0.99) with hunting excluded from calculations. Our fitted model explained 99.8% of past variation in population estimates and represents a useful new tool for short-term management planning. Although we found no evidence of temporal variation in vital rates, variation in population composition caused substantial variation in projected rates of increase (lambda = 1.20-1.36). Restoring documented hunter harvests and removals of elk by the National Park Service led to a potential rate of lambda = 1.26. Greater rates of increase substantiated elsewhere were within the expected range of chance variation, given our model and estimates of vital rates. Rates of increase realized by small elk populations are too variable to support inferences about habitat quality or density dependence. C1 US Geol Survey, No Proairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Theodore Roosevelt Natl Pk, Medora, ND 58645 USA. RP Sargeant, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Proairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM glen_sargeant@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1141 EP 1148 DI 10.2193/2006-247 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 177QV UT WOS:000247168500016 ER PT J AU Fleming, KK Porter, WF AF Fleming, Kathleen K. Porter, William F. TI Synchrony in a wild turkey population and its relationship to spring weather SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE harvest; Meleagris gallopavo silvestris; New York; population dynamics; rainfall; spatial autocorrelation; spring weather; synchrony; temperature; wild turkey ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; PATTERNS AB Synchrony is an important component of wildlife population dynamics because it describes spatial pattern in temporal population fluctuations. The strength and spatial extent of synchrony can provide information about the extrinsic and intrinsic forces that shape population structure. Wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) populations undergo annual fluctuations, possibly due to variation in weather during the reproductive season. To determine if spring weather plays a role in synchronizing wild turkey populations, we used a modified Mantel-type spatial autocorrelation procedure to measure the synchrony in fall wild turkey harvest data collected in 443 townships from 1990 to 1995 and compared this to the pattern of synchrony in spring weather variables (May rainfall and temp) over the same period. We measured correlation using Spearman correlation coefficients between the total fall harvests from 1990 to 1995 for each pair of townships, and sorted pairs into 6 50-km distance intervals. We calculated a mean correlation coefficient for each interval and estimated its P-value using resampling. We found moderately significant synchrony in the fall harvest (r(s) = 0.12-0.34 P < 0.008) among township pairs <150 km apart, but no significant synchrony beyond this distance. In contrast, both May temperature (r = 0.82-0.90, P < 0.001) and rainfall (r = 0.49-0.76, P < 0.001) were strongly synchronized across all 6 distance intervals. Visual inspection of time series in the wild turkey fall harvest suggests that populations may be synchronized in some years when weather promotes high reproductive success (i.e., a synchronized growth peak) and asynchronous in other years. Knowledge of the spatial dynamics of wild turkey populations will aid wildlife managers in estimating population change, setting harvest quotas, and managing habitat. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Fleming, KK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM kathy_fleming@fws.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1192 EP 1196 DI 10.2193/2006-152 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 177QV UT WOS:000247168500023 ER PT J AU Myatt, NA Krementz, DG AF Myatt, Nick A. Krementz, David G. TI Fall migration and habitat use of American woodcock in the central United States SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American woodcock; breeding grounds; Central Region; fall migration; habitat use; radiotelemetry; Scolopax minor; timing; wintering grounds ID POPULATIONS; EARTHWORMS; MUSTARD AB Little is known about the migration ecology of the American woodcock (Scolopax minor). From 2001 to 2003, we began a 3-year study to document woodcock fall migration routes, rates, and habitat use from Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, USA. Some 586 radiomarked woodcock initiated migration. During 224 hours of aerial telemetry, we located 42 radiomarked woodcock in 6 states. Using locations of radiomarked birds, we speculated woodcock migration routes in the central United States. Stopover duration often exceeded 4 days, with some birds stopping longer than a week. Radiomarked birds were located in upland habitats more frequently than bottomland habitats, and used a higher proportion of mature forest than expected. A Geographic Information System was used to map potential woodcock habitat in the Central Region. Based on our results, we identified possible fall migration routes and priority areas for woodcock management in the Central Region. Our results should be used by land managers to prioritize future land acquisition and management of woodcock habitat. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Myatt, NA (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Div, 3406 Cherry Ave NE, Salem, OR 97303 USA. EM krementz@uark.edu NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 23 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1197 EP 1205 DI 10.2193/2006-154 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 177QV UT WOS:000247168500024 ER PT J AU Iverson, SA Esler, D AF Iverson, Samuel A. Esler, Daniel TI Survival of female harlequin ducks during wing molt SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE demography; harlequin duck; Histrionicus histrionicus; Prince William Sound; radiotelemetry; survival; waterfowl; wing molt ID STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; LONG-TAILED DUCKS; HISTRIONICUS-HISTRIONICUS; FLIGHT PERFORMANCE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; NUTRITIONAL STRESS; NEST SUCCESS; ANNUAL CYCLE; BLACK DUCKS AB Survival rates of waterfowl during wing molt have rarely been described, leading to uncertainty about the importance of this annual cycle stage for management. We quantified survival probability of 247 radiomarked female harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) during wing molt in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. The daily survival rate (DSR) was extremely high (DSR = 0.999; 95% CI: 0.9941.000) during the 37-day interval over which remiges were replaced and individuals were rendered flightless. Our DSR estimate corresponded to a cumulative survival probability of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.81-1.00) for the 20 August-15 October postbreeding period as a whole, which is appreciably higher than estimates that have been derived for breeding or overwintering stages. We conclude that wing molt is a comparatively safe stage of the annual cycle for harlequin ducks that does not constrain population growth rate, with the implication for wildlife managers being that, in the absence of anthropogenic influences, management prescriptions may be most effective when focused on other stages of the annual cycle. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. RP Iverson, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Stn, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM saiverson@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1220 EP 1224 DI 10.2193/2006-433 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 177QV UT WOS:000247168500027 ER PT J AU Kasworm, WF Proctor, MF Servheen, C Paetkau, D AF Kasworm, Wayne F. Proctor, Michael F. Servheen, Christopher Paetkau, David TI Success of grizzly bear population augmentation in northwest Montana SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE brown bear; Cabinet Mountains; genetics; grizzly bear; Montana; population augmentation; reproductive success; Ursus arctos ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CABINET-YAAK; BROWN BEARS; MANAGEMENT; FRAGMENTATION; WASHINGTON; MOUNTAINS; CANADA; IDAHO; PCR AB Augmentation of large carnivore populations can be a valuable management and recovery tool, but success of many programs has not been well documented. The Cabinet-Yaak grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population was located in northwestern Montana and northern Idaho, USA, and was estimated at 30-40 individuals. The Cabinet Mountains portion of this area may be isolated from the remainder of the zone and was the site of a test of grizzly bear populat ion augmentation. Experimental objectives included evaluating site fidelity, reproduction, and long-term survival of the translocated bears. Four subadult females (2-6 yr old) were translocated from southeastern British Columbia, Canada, from 1990 to 1994. Three of 4 transplanted bears remained in the target area for >= 1 year and satisfied the short-term goal for site fidelity. Recent genetic evidence gathered through hair-snagging efforts has determined that at least one of the original transplanted animals has reproduced, thereby providing evidence of success for the long-term goals of survival and reproduction. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Libby, MT 59923 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Sci Biol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Univ Montana, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Wildlife Genet Int, Nelson, BC V1L 5P9, Canada. RP Kasworm, WF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 475 Fish Hatchery Rd, Libby, MT 59923 USA. EM wayne_kasworm@fws.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1261 EP 1266 DI 10.2193/2006-266 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 177QV UT WOS:000247168500035 ER PT J AU Terhune, TM Sisson, DC Grand, JB Stribling, HL AF Terhune, Theron M. Sisson, D. Clay Grand, James B. Stribling, H. Lee TI Factors influencing survival of radiotagged and banded northern bobwhites in Georgia SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dead recoveries; Kaplan-Meier; mark-recapture; northern bobwhite; program MARK; radiotransmitter; survival estimation ID CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; MARKED ANIMALS; RADIOTELEMETRY; REPRODUCTION; POPULATIONS; GROUSE; RATES; NEST AB Numerous studies of behavior and ecology of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) have depended on radiotagging and telemetry for data collection. Excluding the presumably short-term effects of trapping, handling, and attaching radiotransmitters, researchers often assume that little bias is associated with estimating survival and behavioral parameters associated with this technique. However, researchers have not adequately examined these effects on organisms being investigated and have thus assumed demographic information obtained from such methods are valid. In light of this conjecture, it is imperative to evaluate methodological assumptions to ensure research is statistically valid and biologically meaningful. Therefore, we used Burnham's model and program MARK to analyze survival estimates of individually banded and radiotagged bobwhites during an 8-year period (1997-2004) consisting of 6,568 individuals (2,527 radiotagged) via combined analysis of mark-recapture, dead recovery (via harvest), and radiotelemetry data to test the effects of radiotransmitters on bobwhite survival. We also compared band-recapture survival estimates to Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, and we examined the effects of various other factors (e.g., temporal, spatial) on bobwhite survival. Based on Akaike's model selection criterion, the best model including the radiotransmitter covariate (Akaike's Information Criterion adjusted for small sample size bias and overdispersion relative value = 0.72) did not explain more of the variation in survival than models without this effect. Thus, we found the effect of radiotransmitters as negligible. Bobwhite survival varied relative to spatial (e.g., site), temporal (e.g., yr and season), and gender effects. Average annual survival for the 8-year period was 22.76% (1.50 SE) for banded-only and 21.72% (1.49 SE) for radiotagged birds. Survival rate varied annually, ranging from 12.42% (7.51 SE) to 37.16% (8.27 SE), and seasonally, ranging from 23.82% (2.71 SE) to 65.06% (3.23 SE); however, between group (banded-only, radiotagged) survival differences were still inconsequential. We conclude that for our study, radiotelemetry provided reliable survival estimates of an intensively managed bobwhite population, where supplemental food was provided, and this information provided useful data to make practical habitat management decisions. We believe that future radiotelemetry studies would benefit as a whole if researchers conducted similar analyses prior to presenting their results from radiotelemetry data, especially for populations that are more food limited. C1 Univ Georgia, Albany Quail Project, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Pineland Plantat, Albany Quail Project, Newton, GA 39870 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Terhune, TM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Albany Quail Project, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM terhutm@uga.edu NR 58 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1288 EP 1297 DI 10.2193/2005-640 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 177QV UT WOS:000247168500039 ER PT J AU Sager-Fradkin, KA Jenkins, KJ Hoffman, RA Happe, PJ Beecham, JJ Wright, RG AF Sager-Fradkin, Kimberly A. Jenkins, Kurt J. Hoffman, Roger A. Happe, Patricia J. Beecham, John J. Wright, R. Gerald TI Fix success and accuracy of global positioning system collars in old-growth temperate coniferous forests SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black bear; fix success rate; Global Positioning System telemetry location error; modeling fix rate bias; Ursus americanus; temperate coniferous forest; Washington; weighting factors ID GPS COLLAR; HABITAT USE; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; BLACK BEARS; PERFORMANCE; TELEMETRY; BIAS; ELK; SELECTION; MODELS AB Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry is used extensively to stud y animal distribution and resource selection patterns but is susceptible to biases resulting from data omission and spatial inaccuracies. These data errors may cause misinterpretation of wildlife habitat selection or spatial use patterns. We used both stationary test collars and collared free-ranging American black bears (Ursus americanus) to quantify systemic data loss and location error of GPS telemetry in mountainous, old-growth temperate forests of Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. We developed predictive models of environmental factors that influence the probability of obtaining GPS locations and evaluated the ability of weighting factors derived from these models to mitigate data omission biases from collared bears. We also examined the effects of microhabitat on collar fix success rate and examined collar accuracy as related to elevation changes between successive fixes. The probability- of collars successfully obtaining location fixes was positively associated with elevation and unobstructed satellite view and was negatively affected by the interaction of overstory canopy and satellite view. Test collars were 33% more successful at acquiring fixes than those on bears. Fix success rates of collared bears varied seasonally and diurnally. Application of weighting factors to individual collared bear fixes recouped only 6% of lost data and failed to reduce seasonal or diurnal variation in fix success, suggesting that variables not included in our model contributed to data loss. Test collars placed to mimic bear bedding sites received 16% fewer fixes than randomly placed collars, indicating that microhabitat selection may contribute to data loss for wildlife equipped with GPS collars. Horizontal collar errors of >800 in occurred when elevation changes between successive fixes were >400 m. We conclude that significant limitations remain in accounting for data loss and error inherent in using GPS telemetry in coniferous forest ecosystems and that, at present, resource selection patterns of large mammals derived from GPS telemetry should be interpreted cautiously. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Olymp Field Stn, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. Olymp Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. Beringia S, Boise, ID 83703 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Sager-Fradkin, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Olymp Field Stn, 600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM ksager@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1298 EP 1308 DI 10.2193/2006-367 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 177QV UT WOS:000247168500040 ER PT J AU Szymanski, ML Afton, AD Hobson, KA AF Szymanski, Michael L. Afton, Alan D. Hobson, Keith A. TI Use of stable isotope methodology to determine natal origins of mallards at a fine scale Midwest within the upper Midwest SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; carbon; deuterium; hydrogen; local populations; mallard; natal origins; nitrogen; stable isotopes; upper Midwest ID WATERFOWL; FEATHERS; DELTA-C-13; MINNESOTA; PATTERNS; RATIOS; CARBON; DUCKS AB Waterfowl managers often attempt to protect local breeding stocks of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) from hunting pressure, but presently they cannot identify natal origins of birds shot during fall hunting seasons with certainty, unless recovered birds are banded before fledging. Accordingly, we examined whether stable isotope methodology could accurately delineate natal origins of mallards at a fine scale within the upper Midwest (USA). We determined delta C-13, delta D, and delta N-15 values from feather samples of 102 flightless mallard ducklings collected in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, USA, from 7 July to 9 September 2002. We detected inverse relationships between latitude and delta C-13 (R-2 = 0.223) and 6D (R-2 = 0.210). We also detected a weak positive relationship between easterly shifts in longitude and delta C-13 (R-2 = 0.067) and a weak negative relationship between easterly shifts in longitude and delta N-15 (R-2 = 0.076). The C-13 and deuterium values differed (P < 0.02) among states: North Dakota was most depleted in C-13, and South Dakota was least depleted in deuterium. Discriminant function analysis delineated natal origins of mallard ducklings in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin with low-to-moderate accuracy (47%), whereas we predicted natal origins of ducklings among subregions (Prairie [ND, SDI vs. Great Lakes [MN, WI] states) with moderate accuracy (72%). We conclude that stable isotope methodology has a limited ability to determine natal origins of migratory birds along a longitudinal corridor at fine scales but that it improves across ecoregions. However, the ability of deuterium to determine natal origins of migratory birds may vary as hydrological conditions, within and among areas, change throughout time. Researchers should account for annual variation in deuterium found in surface waters when investigating natal origins of migratory birds that use food derived primarily from these waters. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. RP Szymanski, ML (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mszymanski@nd.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1317 EP 1324 DI 10.2193/2006-188 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 177QV UT WOS:000247168500042 ER PT J AU Keating, KA Gogan, PJP Vore, JM Irby, LR AF Keating, Kim A. Gogan, Peter J. P. Vore, John M. Irby, Lynn R. TI A simple solar radiation index for wildlife habitat studies SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bighorn sheep; Cervus elaphus; elk; habitat modeling; mule deer; niche separation; northern Yellowstone winter range; Odocoileus hemlonus; Ovis canadensis; solar radiation index ID REGRESSION AB Solar radiation is a potentially important covariate in many wildlife habitat studies, but it is typically addressed only indirectly, using problematic surrogates like aspect or hillshade. We devised a simple solar radiation index (SRI) that combines readily available information about aspect, slope, and latitude. Our SRI is proportional to the amount of extraterrestrial solar radiation theoretically striking an arbitrarily oriented surface during the hour surrounding solar noon on the equinox. Because it derives from first geometric principles and is linearly distributed, SRI offers clear advantages over aspect-based surrogates. The SRI also is superior to hillshade, which we found to be sometimes imprecise and ill-behaved. To illustrate application of our SRI, we assessed niche separation among 3 ungulate species along a single environmental axis, solar radiation, on the northern Yellowstone winter range. We detected no difference between the niches occupied by bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and elk (Cervus elaphus; P = 0.104), but found that mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) tended to use areas receiving more solar radiation than either of the other species (P < 0.001). Overall, our SRI provides a useful metric that can reduce noise, improve interpretability, and increase parsimony in wildlife habitat models containing a solar radiation component. C1 Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Keating, KA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM kkeating@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1344 EP 1348 DI 10.2193/2006-359 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 177QV UT WOS:000247168500045 ER PT J AU Harvey, JW Harr, KE Murphy, D Walsh, MT Chittick, EJ Bonde, RK Pate, MG Deutsch, CJ Edwards, HH Haubold, EM AF Harvey, John W. Harr, Kendal E. Murphy, David Walsh, Michael T. Chittick, Elizabeth J. Bonde, Robert K. Pate, Melanie G. Deutsch, Charles J. Edwards, Holly H. Haubold, Elsa M. TI Clinical biochemistry in healthy manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE captive; clinical biochemistry; healthy; manatee; plasma; proteins ID BROMOCRESOL GREEN; BLOOD; GREYHOUNDS; DOGS AB Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) are endangered aquatic mammals living in coastal and riverine waterways of Florida and adjacent states. Serum or plasma biochemical analyses are important tools in evaluating the health of free-ranging and captive manatees. The purpose of this study was to measure diagnostically important analytes in the plasma of healthy manatees and to determine whether there was significant variation with respect to location (free-ranging versus captive), age class (small calves, large calves, subadults, adults), and gender. No significant differences in plasma sodium, potassium, bilirubin, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, or creatine kinase were found among these classes of animals. Compared to free-ranging manatees, captive animals had significantly lower mean concentrations of plasma chloride, phosphate, magnesium, triglycerides, anion gap, and lactate. Captive manatees had significantly higher mean values of total CO2, calcium, urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total protein, albumin, and albumin/globulin ratio than did free-ranging animals. Differences in the environments of these two groups, including diet, temperature, salinity, and stress, might account for some of these results. The higher plasma lactate and anion gap concentrations and lower total CO2 concentrations of free-ranging manatees were probably due to greater exertion during capture, but the lack of elevated plasma creatine kinase activity relative to captive animals indicates that there was no serious muscle injury associated with capture. Plasma phosphate decreased and total globulins increased with age. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were highest in small calves. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase was higher in large calves than in adults and subadults, and the albumin/ globulin ratio was higher in subadults than in adults. Plasma total CO2 was higher and chloride was slightly lower in females than in males. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Lowry Pk Zoo, Tampa, FL 33604 USA. SeaWorld Orlando, Orlando, FL 32821 USA. US Geol Survey, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Wildlife Res Lab, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Harvey, JW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, POB 100144, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM harveyj@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu OI Harr, Kendal/0000-0001-5390-3586; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1638/1042-7260(2007)038[0269:CBIHMT]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 177AN UT WOS:000247126100012 PM 17679511 ER PT J AU Graham, JL Jones, JR AF Graham, Jennifer L. Jones, John R. TI Microcystin distribution in physical size class separations of natural plankton communities SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium of the North-American-Lake-Management-Society CY NOV, 2005 CL Madison, WI SP N Amer Lake Management Soc DE cyanobacteria; cyanotoxin; microcystin; sampling methods; size fractions ID ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; CYANOBACTERIA; WATER; LAKE; STRAINS AB Phytoplankton communities in 30 northern Missouri and Iowa lakes were physically separated into 5 size classes (> 100 mu m, 53-100 mu m, 35-53 mu m, 10-35 mu m, 1-10 pm) during 15-21 August 2004 to determine the distribution of microcystin (MC) in size fractionated lake samples and assess how net collections influence estimates of MC concentration. MC was detected in whole water (total) from 83% of lakes sampled, and total MC values ranged from 0.1-7.0 mu g/L (mean = 0.8 mu g/L). On average, MC in the > 100 mu m size class comprised similar to 40% of total MC, while other individual size classes contributed 9-20% to total MC. MC values decreased with size class and were significantly greater in the > 100 mu m size class (mean = 0.5 mu g/L) than the 35-53 mu m (mean = 0.1 mu g/L), 10-35 mu m (mean = 0.0 mu g/L), and 1-10 mu m (mean = 0.0 mu g/L) size classes (p < 0.01). MC values in nets with 100-mu m, 53-mu m, 35-mu m, and 10-mu m mesh were cumulatively summed to simulate the potential bias of measuring MC with various size plankton nets. On average, a 100-mu m net underestimated total MC by 51%, compared to 37% for a 53-mu m net, 28% for a 35 mu m net, and 17% for a 10-mu m net. While plankton nets consistently underestimated total MC, concentration of algae with net sieves allowed detection of MC at low levels (<= 0.01 mu g/L); 93% of lakes had detectable levels of MC in concentrated samples. Thus, small mesh plankton nets are an option for documenting MC occurrence, but whole water samples should be collected to characterize total MC concentrations. C1 [Graham, Jennifer L.; Jones, John R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Graham, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 161 EP 168 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 333ON UT WOS:000258161900006 ER PT J AU Graham, JL Amand, AS Jones, JR AF Graham, Jennifer L. Amand, Ann St. Jones, John R. TI Toxic freshwater cyanobacteria - Preface SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Graham, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. [Amand, Ann St.] PhycoTech Inc, St Joseph, MI USA. [Jones, John R.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. RP Graham, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 PG 1 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 333ON UT WOS:000258161900001 ER PT J AU Wahl, D Schreiner, T Byrne, R Hansen, R AF Wahl, David Schreiner, Thomas Byrne, Roger Hansen, Richard TI A paleoecological record from a late classic Maya reservoir in the north Peten SO LATIN AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article ID EL-MIRADOR; GUATEMALA; CLIMATE; CIVILIZATION; EVOLUTION AB Aguada Zacatal is a reservoir located within a bajo 4 kin west of Nakbe, Peten, Guatemala. It is 100 in in diameter and the surrounding berm is approximately I in tall. The small Classic period site of Zacatal is adjacent to the aguada. The reservoir's artificial lining prevents dry season desiccation and enhances microfossil preservation. In 1998 a 335 cm sediment core was taken from the center of the reservoir and analyzed for pollen, microscopic charcoal, and total organic matter Core chronology, based on two AMS radiocarbon determinations, shows the record covers the period from A.D. 695 to present. Only the upper 113 cm contained well-preserved microfossils. The pollen record clearly documents a period of agricultural activity followed by abandonment and forest succession. In the agricultural period (A.D. 695-840), earn pollen is found in conjunction with disturbance indicators. After the abandonment at approximately, A.D. 840, the record is dominated by aquatic pollen types and corn pollen is absent. This shift in pollen spectra represents the end of the Classic period. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Archaeol Res Facil, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Amer Indian Studies Program, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Wahl, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-975, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dwahl@usgs.gov; dwahl@usgs.gov OI Wahl, David/0000-0002-0451-3554 NR 48 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 1045-6635 J9 LAT AM ANTIQ JI Lat. Am. Antiq. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 212 EP 222 PG 11 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 187KC UT WOS:000247845400006 ER PT J AU Gartner, JW Ganju, NK AF Gartner, Jeffrey W. Ganju, Neil K. TI Correcting acoustic Doppler current profiler discharge measurement bias from moving-bed conditions without global positioning during the 2004 Glen Canyon Dam controlled flood on the Colorado River SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article AB Discharge measurements were made by acoustic Doppler current profiler at two locations on the Colorado River during the 2004 controlled flood from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona. Measurement hardware and software have constantly improved from the 1980s such that discharge measurements by acoustic profiling instruments are now routinely made over a wide range of hydrologic conditions. However, measurements made with instruments deployed from moving boats require reliable boat velocity data for accurate measurements of discharge. This is normally accomplished by using special acoustic bottom track pings that sense instrument motion over bottom. While this method is suitable for most conditions, high current flows that produce downstream bed sediment movement create a condition known as moving bed that will bias velocities and discharge to lower than actual values. When this situation exists, one solution is to determine boat velocity with satellite positioning information. Another solution is to use a lower frequency instrument. Discharge measurements made during the 2004 Glen Canyon controlled flood were subject to moving- bed conditions and frequent loss of bottom track. Due to site conditions and equipment availability, the measurements were conducted without benefit of external positioning information or lower frequency instruments. This paper documents and evaluates several techniques used to correct the resulting underestimated discharge measurements. One technique produces discharge values in good agreement with estimates from numerical model and measured hydrographs during the flood. C1 US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Geol Survey, California Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Gartner, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 5 BP 156 EP 162 PG 7 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 200DB UT WOS:000248743000001 ER PT J AU Clementz, MT Koch, PL Beck, CA AF Clementz, Mark T. Koch, Paul L. Beck, Cathy A. TI Diet induced differences in carbon isotope fractionation between sirenians and terrestrial ungulates SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE FOOD WEBS; STABLE CARBON; TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; C-13/C-12 RATIOS; AQUATIC PLANTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; TORRES STRAIT; BONE-COLLAGEN; INDIAN RIVER; FOSSIL BONE AB Carbon isotope differences (Delta C-13) between bioapatite and diet, collagen and diet, and bioapatite and collagen were calculated for four species of sirenians, Dugong dugon (Muller), Trichechus manatus (Linnaeus), Trichechus inunguis (Natterer), and the extinct Hydrodamalis gigas (Zimmerman). Bone and tooth samples were taken from archived materials collected from populations during the mid eighteenth century (H. gigas), between 1978 and 1984 (T. manatus, T. inunguis), and between 1997 and 1999 (D. dugon). Mean Delta C-13 values were compared with those for terrestrial ungulates, carnivores, and six species of carnivorous marine mammals (cetaceans = 1; pinnipeds = 4; mustelids = 1). Significant differences in mean delta C-13 values among species for all tissue types were detected that separated species or populations foraging on freshwater plants or attached marine macroalgae (delta C-13 values < -6%o; Delta C-13(bioapatite-diet) similar to 14%o) from those feeding on marine seagrasses (delta C-13 values > -4%o; Delta C-13(bioapatite-diet) similar to 11%o). Likewise, Delta C-13(bioapatite-collagen) values for freshwater and algal-foraging species (similar to 7%o) were greater than those for seagrass-foraging species (similar to 5%o). Variation in Delta C-13 values calculated between tissues and between tissues and diet among species may relate to the nutritional composition of a species' diet and the extent and type of microbial fermentation that occurs during digestion of different types of plants. These results highlight the complications that can arise when making dietary interpretations without having first determined species-specific Delta C-13(tissue-diet) values. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Clementz, MT (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Dept 3006,1000 Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM mclemen1@uwyo.edu NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 151 IS 5 BP 1773 EP 1784 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0616-1 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 169TJ UT WOS:000246614300016 ER PT J AU James, OB Cohen, BA Taylor, LA Nazarov, MA AF James, Odette B. Cohen, Barbara A. Taylor, Lawrence A. Nazarov, Mikhail A. TI Comment on: "New" lunar meteorites: Impact melt and regolith breccias and large-scale heterogeneities of the upper lunar crust, by P. H. Warren, F. Ulff-Moller, and G. W. Kallemeyn SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material AB We described lunar meteorite Dhofar 026 (Cohen et at. 2004) and interpreted this rock as a strongly shocked granulitic breccia (or fragmental breccia consisting almost entirely of granulitic-breccia clasts) that was partially melted by post-shock heating. Warren et al. (2005) objected to many aspects of our interpretation: they were uncertain whether or not the bulk rock had been shocked; they disputed our identification of the precursor as granulitic breccia; and they suggested that mafic, igneous-textured globules within the breccia, which we proposed were melted by post-shock heating, are clasts with relict textures. The major evidence for shock of the bulk rock is the fact that the plagioclase in the lithologic domains that make up 80-90% of the rock is devitrified maskelynite. The major evidence for a granulitic-breccia precursor is the texture of the olivine-plagioclase domain that constitutes 40-45% of the rock; Warren et al. apparently overlooked or ignored this lithology. Textures of the matte, igneous-textured globules, and especially of the vesicles they contain, demonstrate that these bodies were melted and crystallized in situ. Warren et al. suggested that the rock might have originally been a regolith breccia, but the textural homogeneity of the rock and the absence of solar wind-derived noble gases preclude a regolith-breccia precursor. Warren et al. classified the rock as an impact-melt breccia, but they did not identify any fraction that was impact melt. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vernadsky Inst Geochem & Analyt Chem, Moscow 199991, Russia. RP James, OB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. EM ojames@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1029 EP 1032 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 182CP UT WOS:000247483000009 ER PT J AU Clarke, LR Bennett, DH AF Clarke, Lance R. Bennett, David H. TI Zooplankton production and planktivore consumption in lake Pend Oreille, Idaho SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MYSIS-RELICTA; OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE; BOTTOM-UP; TOP-DOWN; KOKANEE GROWTH; YELLOW PERCH; ONEIDA LAKE; NEW-YORK; FISH; PREY AB This paper assesses the feeding demand of planktivores in Lake Pend Oreille in relation to crustacean zooplankton food availability. The copepods Diacylops bicuspidatus thomasi and Diaptomus ashlandi accounted for 75% of the standing zooplankton biomass over a two-year study period, whereas Daphnia spp. were the cladocerans of highest biomass. Annual zooplankton production, estimated using temperature-dependent empirical models that relate production to biomass, was 97.11 and 139.19 kg.ha(-1). During the same study years, we estimate that zooplankton consumption by the lake's two primary planktivores, kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka, and the opossum shrimp Mysis relicta, comprised 56 and 42% of total zooplankton production. Consumption of cladoccran zooplankton, the preferred prey for both planktivores, was estimated to be 63% of production over the study period. Although few studies exist that relate zooplankton production to consumption by the planktivore community, data suggest high levels of zooplankton consumption in relation to production in Lake Pend Oreille, and that insufficient zooplankton abundance may exist to support management efforts to increase kokanee abundance. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Clarke, LR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, UCA 1207, 1917 Marsh Rd, Yakima, WA 98908 USA. EM lclarke@pn.usbr.gov NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 81 IS 3 BP 215 EP 223 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192JD UT WOS:000248196500005 ER PT J AU Roper, BB Jarvis, B Kershner, JL AF Roper, Brett B. Jarvis, Beau Kershner, Jeffrey L. TI The role of natural vegetative disturbance in determining stream reach characteristics in central Idaho and western Montana SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; CHANNEL NETWORKS; PEBBLE COUNTS; FIRE; ECOSYSTEMS; HABITATS; OREGON; TIME; MACROINVERTEBRATES; RESTORATION AB We evaluated the relationship between natural vegetative disturbance and changes in stream habitat and macroinvertebrate metrics within 33 randomly selected minimally managed watersheds in central Idaho and western Montana. Changes in stream reach conditions were related to vegetative disturbance for the time periods from 1985 to 1993 and 1993 to 2000, respectively, at the following three spatial scales; within the stream buffer and less than I km from the evaluated reach, within the watershed and within I km of the stream reach, and within the watershed. Data for stream reaches were based on field surveys and vegetative disturbance was generated for the watershed above the sampled reach using remotely sensed data and geographical information systems. Large scale (> 100 ha) vegetative disturbance was common within the study area. Even though natural vegetative disturbance rates were high, we found that few of the measured attributes were related to the magnitude of vegetative disturbance. The three physical habitat attributes that changed significantly were sinuosity, median particle size, and percentage of undercut bank-, each was related to the disturbance in the earlier (1985-1993) time frame. There was a significant relationship between changes in two macroinvertebrate metrics, abundance and percent collectors/fifterers, and the magnitude of disturbance during the more recent time period (1993-2000). We did not find a consistent relationship between the location of the disturbance within the watershed and changes in stream conditions. Our findings suggest that natural vegetative disturbance within the northern Rocky Mountains is complex but likely does not result in substantial short-term changes in the characteristics of most stream reaches. C1 Utah State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Watershed Wildlife & Rare Plants, Logan, UT 84321 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84115 USA. Montana State Univ, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Roper, BB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Watershed Wildlife & Rare Plants, 860 N 1200 E, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM broper@fs.fed.us RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010 NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 81 IS 3 BP 224 EP 238 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192JD UT WOS:000248196500006 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, E Kellogg, CA Rohwer, F AF Rosenberg, Eugene Kellogg, Christina A. Rohwer, Forest TI Coral Microbiology SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; PLAGUE-LIKE DISEASE; REEF-BUILDING CORALS; BLACK BAND DISEASE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; OCULINA-PATAGONICA; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA C1 [Rosenberg, Eugene] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Microbiol, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Kellogg, Christina A.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Rohwer, Forest] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Rosenberg, E (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Microbiol, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM eros@post.tau.ac.il RI Kellogg, Christina/B-3257-2009 FU Israel Center for the Study of Emerging Diseases; World Bank Coral Disease and Bleaching Groups; Pasha Gol Chair for Applied Microbiology; U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation; The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Marine Microbial Initiative FX This research was supported by grants from the Israel Center for the Study of Emerging Diseases, the World Bank Coral Disease and Bleaching Groups, and the Pasha Gol Chair for Applied Microbiology. Archaeal research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (CAK) and the National Science Foundation (FR). The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Marine Microbial Initiative provided support for research on coral-algae interactions and coral-associated viruses (FR). NR 81 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 20 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2007 VL 20 IS 2 BP 146 EP 154 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 382XG UT WOS:000261638100025 ER PT J AU Benson, L Madole, R Kubik, P McDonald, R AF Benson, Larry Madole, Richard Kubik, Peter McDonald, Richard TI Surface-exposure ages of Front Range moraines that may have formed during the Younger Dryas, 8.2cal ka, and Little Ice Age events SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; CIRQUE GLACIATION; COLORADO; BE-10; RATES; COLD; UNCERTAINTIES; TEMPERATURES; MILLENNIUM AB Surface-exposure (Be-10) ages have been obtained on boulders from three post-Pinedale end-moraine complexes in the Front Range, Colorado. Boulder rounding appears related to the cirque-to-moraine transport distance at each site with subrounded boulders being typical of the 2-km-long Chicago Lakes Glacier, subangular boulders being typical of the 1-km-long Butler Gulch Glacier, and angular boulders being typical of the few-hundred-m-long Isabelle Glacier. Surface-exposure ages of angular boulders from the Isabelle Glacier moraine, which formed during the Little Ice Age (LIA) according to previous lichenometric dating, indicate cosmogenic inheritance values ranging from 0 to similar to 3.0 Be-10 ka. (1) Subangular boulders from the Butler Gulch end moraine yielded surface-exposure ages ranging from 5 to 10.2 Be-10 ka. We suggest that this moraine was deposited during the 8.2 cal ka event, which has been associated with outburst floods from Lake Agassiz and Lake Ojibway, and that the large age range associated with the Butler Gulch end moraine is caused by cosmogenic shielding of and(or) spalling from boulders that have ages in the younger part of the range and by cosmogenic inheritance in boulders that have ages in the older part of the range. The surface-exposure ages of eight of nine subrounded boulders from the Chicago Lakes area fall within the 13.0-11.7 Be-10 ka age range, and appear to have been deposited during the Younger Dryas interval. The general lack of inheritance in the eight samples probably stems from the fact that only a few thousand years intervened between the retreat of the Pinedale glacier and the advance of the Chicago Lakes glacier; in addition, bedrock in the Chicago Lakes cirque area may have remained covered with snow and ice during that interval, thus partially shielding the bedrock from cosmogenic radiation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. ETH, Paul Scherrer Inst, CO Inst Particle Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. RP Benson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbenson@usgs.gov OI McDonald, Richard/0000-0002-0703-0638 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 11-12 BP 1638 EP 1649 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.02.015 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 194MY UT WOS:000248349700009 ER PT J AU Giardina, CP Litton, CM Thaxton, JM Cordell, S Hadway, LJ Sandquist, DR AF Giardina, Christian P. Litton, Creighton M. Thaxton, Jarrod M. Cordell, Susan Hadway, Lisa J. Sandquist, Darren R. TI Science driven restoration: A candle in a demon haunted world - Response to Cabin (2007) SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological restoration; ecosystem function; forest restoration; Hawaii; landscape restoration; restoration practice; restoration science; tropical dry forest ID TROPICAL DRY FOREST; HAWAII; MAMANE; GRASS; REGENERATION; VEGETATION; FROST; BARK AB (Cabin (2007) asks whether formal science is an effective framework and methodology for designing and implementing ecological restoration programs. He argues that beyond certain ancillary benefits, restoration science has little of practical value to offer the practice of restoration. He goes on to suggest that restoration science most often represents an impediment to restoration practice because an "ivory tower" mentality limits the utility of experiments and diverts research dollars away from answering practical questions. His conclusion is that a nonscientific gardening approach may be more effective at restoring degraded ecosystems. We disagree with this perspective because: (1) restoration science has moved beyond exclusively using "square grids" placed on small patches of land to examine treatment effects on species representation; (2) Cabin's critique greatly undervalues the contribution of science to restoration practice even where the input of restoration scientists is not directly evident; and (3) the practice of restoration is unlikely to advance beyond small-scale and truly haphazard successes without well-designed studies that can provide peer-reviewed and widely accessible published information on the mechanisms underlying both successes and failures. We conclude that through integration with other disciplines, restoration science increasingly will provide novel approaches and tools needed to restore ecosystem composition, structure, and function at stand to landscape scales. As with the broader role of science in the human enterprise (Sagan 1996), the contribution of restoration science to restoration practice can only grow as the discipline matures. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, USGS Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Pacific Aquaculture & Coastal Resources Ctr, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. State Hawaii Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Forestry & Wildlife, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Giardina, CP (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Islands Forestry, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM cgiardina@fs.fed.us RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00227.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 169XL UT WOS:000246625300001 ER PT J AU Hinck, JE Blazer, VS Denslow, ND Echols, KR Gross, TS May, TW Anderson, PJ Coyle, JJ Tillitt, DE AF Hinck, Jo Ellen Blazer, Vicki S. Denslow, Nancy D. Echols, Kathy R. Gross, Timothy S. May, Tom W. Anderson, Patrick J. Coyle, James J. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarker responses in fish from the Colorado River and its tributaries SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE selenium; mercury; organochlorine pesticides; PCBs; ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity; health assessment index (HAI); biomarkers; intersex; vitellogenin ID CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; PLANAR HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS; BLUEGILLS LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; BASS MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; PULP-MILL EFFLUENT; FRESH-WATER FISH; LARGEMOUTH BASS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; SELENIUM IMPACTS AB Common carp (Qyprinus carpio), black bass (Micropterus spp.), and channel catfish (Ictalurus 1)unctatus) were collected frorn 14 sites in the Colorado River Basin (CRB) to document spatial trends in accumulative contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarkers. Organochlorine residues, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin- like activity (TCDD-EQ), and elemental contaminants were measured in composite samples of whole fish, grouped by species and gender, from each site. Selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish were elevated throughout the CRB, and pesticide concentrations were greatest in fish from agricultural areas in the Lower Colorado River and Gila River. Selenium concentrations exceeded toxicity thresholds for fish (> 1.0 mu g/g ww) at all CRB sites except the Gila River at Hayden, Arizona. Mercury concentrations were elevated (>0.1 mu g/g ww) in fish from the Yampa River at Lay, Colorado; the Green River at Ouray National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Utah and San Rafael, Utah; the San Juan River at Hogback Diversion, New Mexico; and the Colorado River at Gold Bar Canyon, Utah, Needles, California, and Imperial Dam, Arizona. Concentrations of p,p'-DDE were relatively high in fish from the Gila River at Arlington, Arizona (> 1.0 mu g/g ww) and Phoenix, Arizona (>0.5 mu g/g ww). Concentrations of other formerly used pesticides including toxaphene, total chlordanes, and dieldrin were also greatest at these two sites but did not exceed toxicity thresholds. Currently used pesticides such as Dacthal, endosulfan, gamma-HCH, and methoxychlor were also greatest in fish from the Gila River downstream of Phoenix. Total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; > 0.11 mu g/g ww) and TCDD-EQs (> 5 mu g/g ww) exceeded wildlife guidelines in fish from the Gila River at Phoenix. Hepatic ethoxyresorufm O-deethylase (EROD) activity was also relatively high in carp from the Gila River at Phoenix and in bass from the Green River at Ouray NWR. Fish from some sites showed evidence of contaminant exposure as indicated by fish health indicators and reproductive biomarker results. Multiple health indicators including altered body and organ weights and high health assessment index scores may be associated with elevated Se concentrations in fish from the Colorado River at Loma, Colorado and Needles. Although grossly visible external or internal lesions were found on most fish from some sites, histopathological analysis determined many of these to be inflammatory responses associated with parasites. Edema, exophthalmos, and cataracts were noted in fish from sites with elevated Se concentrations. Intersex fish were found at seven of 14 sites and included smallmouth bass (M. dolomieu), largemouth bass (M. salmoides), catfish, and carp and may indicate exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds. A high proportion of smallmouth bass from the Yampa River at Lay (70%) was intersex but the cause of this condition is unknown. Male carp, bass, and catfish with low concentrations of vitellogenin were common in the CRB. Comparatively high vitellogenin concentrations (> 0.2 mg/mL) were measured in rnale bass from the Green River at Ouray NWR and the Colorado River at Imperial Dam and indicate exposure to estrogenic or anti-androgenic chemicals. Anomalous reproductive biomarkers including low GSI and gonadal abnormalities (calcifications, edema, and parasites) observed in fish downstream of Phoenix are likely related to the poor water-quality of the Gila River in this area. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 CERC, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USGS, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. USGS, BEST Program, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hinck, JE (reprint author), CERC, US Geol Survey, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jhinck@usgs.gov NR 105 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 378 IS 3 BP 376 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.02.032 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179AK UT WOS:000247261500012 PM 17418376 ER PT J AU Bergeron, E Worley, CR O'Brien, T AF Bergeron, Emile Worley, Charles R. O'Brien, Thomas TI Progress in the development of shallow-water mapping systems SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Bergeron, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 6 BP 10 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 187BC UT WOS:000247821300002 ER PT J AU Senay, GB Budde, M Verdin, JP Melesse, AM AF Senay, Gabriel B. Budde, Michael Verdin, James P. Melesse, Assefa M. TI A coupled remote sensing and simplified surface energy balance approach to estimate actual evapotranspiration from irrigated fields SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; energy balance; SSEB; reference ET; irrigation ID CROP; MODEL AB Accurate crop performance monitoring and production estimation are critical for timely assessment of the food balance of several countries in the world. Since 2001, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) has been monitoring crop performance and relative production using satellite-derived data and simulation models in Africa, Central America, and Afghanistan where ground-based monitoring is limited because of a scarcity of weather stations. The commonly used crop monitoring models are based on a crop water-balance algorithm with inputs from satellite-derived rainfall estimates. These models are useful to monitor rainfed agriculture, but they are ineffective for irrigated areas. This study focused on Afghanistan, where over 80 percent of agricultural production comes from irrigated lands. We developed and implemented a Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model to monitor and assess the performance of irrigated agriculture in Afghanistan using a combination of 1-km thermal data and 250-m Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, both from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) sensor. We estimated seasonal actual evapotranspiration (ETa) over a period of six years (2000-2005) for two major irrigated river basins in Afghanistan, the Kabul and the Helmand, by analyzing up to 19 cloud-free thermal and NDVI images from each year. These seasonal ETa estimates were used as relative indicators of year-to-year production magnitude differences. The temporal water-use pattern of the two irrigated basins was indicative of the cropping patterns specific to each region. Our results were comparable to field reports and to estimates based on watershed-wide crop water-balance model results. For example, both methods found that the 2003 seasonal ETa was the highest of all six years. The method also captured water management scenarios where a unique year-to-year variability was identified in addition to water-use differences between upstream and downstream basins. A major advantage of the energy-balance approach is that it can be used to quantify spatial extent of irrigated fields and their water-use dynamics without reference to source of water as opposed to a water-balance model which requires knowledge of both the magnitude and temporal distribution of rainfall and irrigation applied to fields. C1 S Dakota State Univ, GIScCE, Ctr EROS, USGS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. US Geol Survey EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Senay, GB (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, GIScCE, Ctr EROS, USGS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. EM senay@usgs.gov; mbudde@usgs.gov; verdin@usgs.gov; assefa.melesse@fiu.edu RI Melesse, Assefa/F-9931-2013 OI Melesse, Assefa/0000-0003-4724-9367 NR 15 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 16 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 979 EP 1000 DI 10.3390/s7060979 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 183EX UT WOS:000247556600008 ER PT J AU Nelson, SM Andersen, DC AF Nelson, S. Mark Andersen, Douglas C. TI Variable role of aquatic macroinvertebrates in initial breakdown of seasonal leaf litter inputs to a cold-desert river SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID INVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; FOREST STREAM; FOOD WEBS; DYNAMICS; DECOMPOSITION; FLOODPLAIN; COLORADO; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; PREDATION AB We used coarse-mesh and fine-mesh leafpacks to examine the importance of aquatic macroinvertebrates in the breakdown of floodplain tree leaf litter that seasonally entered a sand-bedded reach of the sixth-order Yampa River in semiarid Colorado. Leafpacks were positioned off the easily mobilized channel bed, mimicking litter trapped in debris piles. Organic matter (OM) loss was fastest for leaves collected from the floodplain and placed in the river in spring (k = 0.029/day) and slowest for leaves collected and placed in the river in winter (0.006/day). Macroinvertebrates were most abundant in winter and spring leaves, but seemed important to processing only in spring, when exclusion by fine mesh reduced OM loss by 25% and nitrogen loss by 65% in spring leaves. Macroinvertebrates seemed to have little role in processing of autumn, winter, or summer leaves over the 50-day to 104-day monitoring periods. Desiccation during bouts of low discharge and sediment deposition on leaves limited invertebrate processing in summer and autumn, whereas processing of winter leaves, which supported relatively large numbers of shredders, might have been restricted by ice formation and low water temperatures. These results were consistent with the concept that microbial processing dominates in higher-order rivers, but suggested that macroinvertebrate processing call be locally important in higher-order desert rivers in seasons or years with favorable discharge and water quality conditions. C1 US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, BOR, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nelson, SM (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, 86-68220,POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM msnelson@do.usbr.gov RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 2 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[219:VROAMI]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 183XY UT WOS:000247606900004 ER PT J AU Paukert, CP Petersen, JH AF Paukert, Craig P. Petersen, James H. TI Comparative growth and consumption potential of rainbow trout and humpback chub in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona, under different temperature scenarios SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DIET; ECOLOGY; FISHES; SIZE; PERFORMANCE; PREDATION; ABUNDANCE; LENGTH; FOOD; DAM AB We used bioenergetics models for humpback chub, Gila cypha, and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to examine how warmer water temperatures in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona, through a proposed selective withdrawal system (SWS) at Glen Canyon Dam, would affect growth, consumption, and predation rates. Consumption by the rainbow trout population was at least 10 times higher than by the smaller humpback chub population. Water temperature increases of 6 degrees C during autumn increased growth of humpback chub and likely increased their survival by reducing the time vulnerable to predation. Water temperature increases caused by drought in 2005 did not alter humpback chub growth as much as the SWS. Increased temperatures might cause changes to the invertebrate community and the distribution and abundance of other warmwater nonnative fishes. The implications on the entire aquatic community need to be considered before any management action that includes increasing water temperatures is implemented. C1 Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cpaukert@ksu.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 2 BP 234 EP 242 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[234:CGACPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 183XY UT WOS:000247606900006 ER PT J AU Boal, CW Giovanni, MD AF Boal, Clint W. Giovanni, Matthew D. TI Raptor predation on ord's kangaroo rats: Evidence for diurnal activity by a nocturnal rodent SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MOONLIGHT AVOIDANCE; DIPODOMYS-ORDII; CARRION; HAWKS; PATTERN; RISK AB As a group, kangaroo rats (Dipodomys) are considered almost exclusively nocturnal. Diurnal activity by kangaroo rats has occasionally been noted, but the anecdotal nature of these accounts suggests it is a rare occurrence. While using video cameras and recorders to collect data on food habits at nests of ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis) and Swainson's hawk (B. swainsoni) on and near the Rita Blanca National Grassland in 2003 and 2004, we detected numerous D. ordii. We subsequently explored possible relationships between the frequency of capture of D. ordii by these raptors and the time of day and moon phase. We recorded 54 deliveries of D. ordii to 8 of 12 ferruginous hawk nests and 8 of 14 Swainson's hawk nests. D. ordii was captured throughout the course of the day; there were no relationships between hour block of day or moon phase with the number of deliveries. Our review of other diet studies for ferruginous hawk, Swainson's hawk, Harris' hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), and prairie falcon (Falco mexicanus) revealed kangaroo rats accounting for 1.1 to 6.6% of prey used. In contrast to the prevailing view that kangaroo rats are almost exclusively nocturnal, out-data and those from other diet Studies of sortie diurnal raptors suggest kangaroo rats might be more active (hiring diurnal periods than previously thought. Diurnal activity by kangaroo rats might be related to local forage conditions. A more complete understanding ding of diurnal activity patterns by kangaroo rats will require more focused examination of their behavior in relation to vegetation and climate conditions. C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 2 BP 291 EP 295 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[291:RPOOKR]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 183XY UT WOS:000247606900013 ER PT J AU Ezenwa, VO Milheim, LE Coffey, MF Godsey, MS King, RJ Guptill, SC AF Ezenwa, Vanessa O. Milheim, Lesley E. Coffey, Michelle F. Godsey, Marvin S. King, Raymond J. Guptill, Stephen C. TI Land cover variation and West Nile virus prevalence: Patterns, processes, and implications for disease control SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; emerging infectious disease; vector-borne disease; Culex; passeriformes; wetlands; land cover ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; UNITED-STATES; RISK; TRANSMISSION; DIVERSITY; USA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATIONS; HANTAVIRUS AB Identifying links between environmental variables and infectious disease risk is essential to understanding how human-induced environmental changes will effect the dynamics of human and wildlife diseases. Although land cover change has often been tied to spatial variation in disease occurrence, the underlying factors driving the correlations are often unknown, limiting the applicability of these results for disease prevention and control. In this study, we described associations between land cover composition and West Nile virus (WNV) infection prevalence, and investigated three potential processes accounting for observed patterns: (1) variation in vector density; (2) variation in amplification host abundance; and (3) variation in host community composition. Interestingly, we found that WNV infection rates among Culex mosquitoes declined with increasing wetland cover, but wetland area was not significantly associated with either vector density or amplification host abundance. By contrast, wetland area was strongly correlated with host community composition, and model comparisons suggested that this factor accounted, at least partially, for the observed effect of wetland area on WNV infection risk. Our results suggest that preserving large wetland areas, and by extension, intact wetland bird communities, may represent a valuable ecosystem-based approach for controlling WNV outbreaks. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 521, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Ezenwa, VO (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM vanessa.ezenwa@umontana.edu NR 33 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 39 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.0584 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 193SH UT WOS:000248294100009 PM 17627435 ER PT J AU Coleman, JTH Richmond, ME AF Coleman, Jeremy T. H. Richmond, Milo E. TI Daily foraging patterns of adult double-crested cormorants during the breeding season SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE double-crested cormorant; Phalacrocorax auritus; datalogger; foraging; Oneida lake; radio transmitter ID ONEIDA LAKE; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; YELLOW PERCH; GREAT-LAKES; NEW-YORK; ESTUARY; WALLEYE; COLONY; MAINE; RIVER AB We recorded the daily presence of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) at the nesting island on Oneida Lake, New York, by monitoring the activities of 15 radio-tagged adults from July through September, 2000, using an automated data-logging receiver. A total of 24,464 acceptable detections was obtained for adult cormorants actively attempting to nest on the lake. Tagged cormorants had a bimodal daily activity pattern during the first month, with the fewest birds detected on the island at 09.00 h and 15.00 h Eastern daylight time. The pattern of activity appeared to change slightly in the second month of the study, representative of a post-breeding period for the colony, with a shift from a less synchronous pattern of departures to a greater focus on morning activity also centered around 09.30 h. These results correspond with daily observations of Great Cormorant (P carbo) foraging activities reported for colonies in Africa and Poland. The data also support the possibility of nocturnal foraging activity, not previously reported for this species on their summer breeding grounds. No correlation was found between total number of daily detections and climatalogical factors or events. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Coleman, JTH (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jtc14@cornell.edu NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[189:DFPOAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 191KN UT WOS:000248130200003 ER PT J AU Rizzolo, DJ Schmutz, JA AF Rizzolo, Daniel J. Schmutz, Joel A. TI Egg flotation estimates nest age for pacific and red-throated loons SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE egg flotation; gavia pacifica; gavia stellata; nest age; pacific loon; red-throated loon ID NORTHERN SHOVELERS; INCUBATION PERIOD; GOSLING GROWTH; CANADA GEESE; BLACK BRANT; HATCH DATE; SNOW GEESE; SURVIVAL; TIME; MODELS AB We used Pacific Loon (Gavia pacifica) and Red-throated Loon (G. stellata) nests with known ages to gauge the efficacy of egg flotation for determining nest age in coastal Alaska. Egg flotation accurately estimated nest age for both species; the mean +/- 1SD difference between known age and age determined with egg flotation was 0.05 +/- 2.00 d and -0.02 +/- 1.63 d for Pacific and Red-throated Loons, respectively. Day of nest initiation did not influence the relationship between known nest age and nest age estimated with egg flotation, indicating incubation period was not shortened in nests initiated later in the season. Additionally, we found no difference in the ability of egg flotation to estimate nest age between two widely dispersed study sites for Pacific Loons, and only a small difference between two of three widely dispersed study sites for Red-throated Loons. Thus, our described relationships between egg flotation categories and nest age should be broadly applicable for these holarctic species. We conclude that for Pacific and Red-throated Loons, egg flotation is a useful technique for determining nest age in the field to better monitor nest fate, and to quantify nest age effects on nest daily survival C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Rizzolo, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM drizzolo@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[207:EFENAF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 191KN UT WOS:000248130200005 ER PT J AU Wiemeyer, SN Miesner, JF Tuttle, PL Murphy, EC Sileo, L Withers, D AF Wiemeyer, Stanley N. Miesner, John F. Tuttle, Peter L. Murphy, Edward C. Sileo, Louis Withers, Donna TI Mercury and selenium in American white pelicans breeding at pyramid lake, Nevada SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American white pelican; mercury; Nevada; pelecanus erythrorhynchos; reproduction; selenium ID GREAT EGRET NESTLINGS; LOONS GAVIA IMMER; EXPOSURE; METHYLMERCURY; REPRODUCTION; CORMORANTS; FEATHERS; PATTERNS; CANADA; BLOOD AB American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchas) that breed on Anaho Island, Pyramid Lake, Nevada, are potentially exposed to a variety of contaminants. Therefore, the reproductive success of this colony was monitored in 1996 and eggs, blood and feathers from nestlings, livers from adults and nestlings, regurgitated fish from nestlings, and fish from representative feeding areas were collected and analyzed for mercury and selenium to determine exposure to the pelicans and sources of contamination. Additional samples were collected and analyzed in 1988, 1992, and 2004. Reproductive success at the Anaho Island colony was normal in 1996 based on hatching rates of eggs (>= 75% in undisturbed areas) and survival of nestlings. Mercury and selenium concentrations in eggs were generally below known effect levels and did not appear to have an adverse impact on hatching success. Mercury and selenium concentrations in fish ranged widely, with mercury of greatest concern. Microscopic lesions characteristic of mercury toxicity were absent in pre-fledging nestlings in 1996. Some adult pelicans bad elevated mercury concentrations in their livers; however, the potential toxic effects were difficult to evaluate because of probable demethylation of mercury, thereby possibly providing protection from toxicity. Exposure of pelicans to mercury varied among years, most likely in relation to wet-dry cycles and available feeding areas. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fallon, NV 89406 USA. RP Wiemeyer, SN (reprint author), 4156 Quinn Dr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. EM snwiemeyer@aol.com NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 284 EP 295 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)30[284:MASIAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 191KN UT WOS:000248130200016 ER PT J AU Anderson, CJ Wikle, CK Zhou, Q Royle, JA AF Anderson, Christopher J. Wikle, Christopher K. Zhou, Qin Royle, J. Andrew TI Population influences on tornado reports in the United States SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PROBABILITY; CLIMATOLOGY; MODEL AB The number of tornadoes reported in the United States is believed to be less than the actual incidence of tornadoes, especially prior to the 1990s, because tornadoes may be undetectable by human witnesses in sparsely populated areas and areas in which obstructions limit the line of sight. A hierarchical Bayesian model is used to simultaneously correct for population-based sampling bias and estimate tornado density using historical tornado report data. The expected result is that F2-F5 compared with F0-F1 tornado reports would vary less with population density. The results agree with this hypothesis for the following population centers: Atlanta, Georgia; Champaign, Illinois; and Des Moines, Iowa. However, the results indicated just the opposite in Oklahoma. It is hypothesized that the result is explained by the misclassification of tornadoes that were worthy of F2-F5 rating but were classified as F0-F1 tornadoes, thereby artificially decreasing the number of F2-F5 and increasing the number of F0-F1 reports in rural Oklahoma. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Anderson, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, R-GSD7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM christopher.j.anderson@noaa.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 571 EP 579 DI 10.1175/WAF997.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 182WI UT WOS:000247534300012 ER PT J AU Beauchamp, VB Stromberg, JC AF Beauchamp, Vanessa B. Stromberg, Juliet C. TI Flow regulation of the Verde River, Arizona encourages Tamarix recruitment but has minimal effect on Populus and Salix stand density SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE flood; Populus fremontii; restoration; riparian; Tamarix ramosissima ID COTTONWOOD SEEDLING RECRUITMENT; RIPARIAN VEGETATION RESPONSE; WOODY PLANT ESTABLISHMENT; WATER-TABLE DECLINE; FREMONT COTTONWOOD; COLORADO RIVER; UNITED-STATES; MISSOURI RIVER; RIO-GRANDE; SOUTHERN ALBERTA AB Populus spp. (cottonwood) and Salix spp. (willow), the dominant overstory trees in many western riparian forests, are disturbance-adapted species with short seed dispersal periods. Changes to flood cycles often lead to a decrease in recruitment success and survival of these species, and may increase the recruitment success of Tamarix spp. (saltcedar), an introduced riparian tree species that has a longer seed dispersal period. This investigation compared Populus, Salix, and Tamarix stem density in 63 stands on unregulated and regulated reaches of the Verde River. Populus and Salix stem density were not different between the unregulated and regulated reaches in sapling (1-10 year) stands. However, Populus stems showed a trend towards higher density in mature stands (11-40 year) in the unregulated reach, and Populus density was significantly higher in old-growth (41+ year) stands in the unregulated reach. Tamarix stem density was higher in the regulated reach for the sapling class (4.75 +/- 1.83 sterns/m(2) versus 0.03 +/- 0.03 stems/m(2)). Analysis of flow conditions during a recent recruitment year (1995) suggests that water release patterns in the regulated reach created favorable conditions for Tamarix. Results from this study suggest that where major flooding still occurs in regulated reaches, or where managed flooding is an option, recruitment of Populus and Salix is possible at similar levels to unregulated reaches. However, careful attention to later season water releases may be important in managing Tamarix recruitment opportunities. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Beauchamp, VB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM vanessa_beauchamp@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 23 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 381 EP 389 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[381:FROTVR]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 181FS UT WOS:000247423000016 ER PT J AU Rosenfield, RN Bielefeldt, J Rosenfield, LJ Stewart, AC Nenneman, MP Murphy, RK Bozek, MA AF Rosenfield, Robert N. Bielefeldt, John Rosenfield, Laura J. Stewart, Andrew C. Nenneman, Melvin P. Murphy, Robert K. Bozek, Michael A. TI Variation in reproductive indices in three populations of Cooper's Hawks SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN POPULATIONS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; URBAN-ENVIRONMENT; NESTING HABITAT; GREAT-PLAINS; WISCONSIN; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL; BIOLOGY; ADULT AB We investigated several reproductive attributes among three spatially and morphometrically separable northern populations of breeding Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) in differing ecological settings in British Columbia, North Dakota, and Wisconsin during 1995-2001. We did not detect significant inter-year variation in reproduction within any of our study areas. Cumulative clutch and brood sizes were significantly higher in British Columbia (mean = 4.41 and 3.60, respectively) and Wisconsin (4.26 and 3.73) than in North Dakota (3.5 and 3.0), but not significantly different between British Columbia and Wisconsin. Total nest success rates (91 and 82% in British Columbia and Wisconsin, respectively) varied significantly among all three study sites, but were lowest in North Dakota (68%). We hypothesize that smaller clutch and consequentially lower brood sizes in North Dakota may be the result of the comparatively later nesting phenology in this highly migratory population. Our results underscore the significance of clutch size data, and the need for further research on regional and other large-scale variation in avian demographic parameters to help decide if, when, and where population demographics may warrant a management response. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Minist Environm, Ecosyst Branch, British Columbia Conservat Data Ctr, Victoria, BC V8W 9M2, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Valentine Natl Wildlife Refuge, Valentine, NE 69201 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. RP Rosenfield, RN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM rrosenfi@uwsp.edu NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 2 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1676/06-094.1 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 177AP UT WOS:000247126300004 ER PT J AU Baldwin, HQ Grace, JB Barrow, WC Rohwer, FC AF Baldwin, Heather Q. Grace, James B. Barrow, Wylie C., Jr. Rohwer, Frank C. TI Habitat relationships of birds overwintering in a managed coastal prairie SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HENSLOWS SPARROWS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ABUNDANCE; WINTER; VEGETATION; ASSOCIATIONS; SPACE; TEXAS; PLAIN; FIRE AB Grassland birds are considered to be rapidly declining in North America. Management approaches for grassland birds frequently rely on prescribed burning to maintain habitat in suitable condition. We evaluated the relationships among years since burn, vegetation structure, and overwintering grassland bird abundance in coastal prairie. Le Conte's Sparrows (Ammodramus leconteii) were most common in areas that had: (1) been burned within the previous 2 years, (2) medium density herbaceous vegetation, and (3) sparse shrub densities. Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) were associated with areas: (1) burned within I year, (2) with sparse herbaceous vegetation, and (3) with sparse shrub densities. Sedge Wrens (Cistothorus platensis) were most common in areas that had: (1) burned greater than 2 years prior and (2) dense herbaceous vegetation. Swamp Sparrows (Melospiza georgiana): (1) were most common in areas of dense shrubs, (2) not related to time since burnings, and (3) demonstrated no relationship to herbaceous vegetation densities. The relationships to fire histories for all four bird species could be explained by the associated vegetation characteristics indicating the need for a mosaic of burn rotations and modest levels of woody C1 USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, IAP World Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Baldwin, HQ (reprint author), USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, IAP World Serv, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM heather_baldwin@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 2 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1676/05-129.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 177AP UT WOS:000247126300005 ER PT J AU Guzy, MJ Ribic, CA AF Guzy, Michael J. Ribic, Christine A. TI Post-breeding season habitat use and movements of eastern Meadowlarks in southwestern Wisconsin SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANNUAL FECUNDITY; STURNELLA-MAGNA; ILLINOIS; SURVIVAL; PASSERINES; DECISIONS AB We used radio telemetry to study post-breeding movements of adult female and juvenile Eastern Meadowlarks (Sturnella magna) in southwestern Wisconsin in 2002-2004. Twenty-one adult females were found 58% of the time in their nest field regardless of nest fate. Three adult females were not found outside of the field where their nests were located. Fifteen of 18 females that moved from the nest field at least once moved to Conservation Reserve Program fields or pasture. The average maximum distance females moved was 662 m. Once females left the nest field, 61% did not return. Twelve juveniles from different broods survived to the end of the post-breeding season. Two juveniles did not move from their nest fields during the monitoring period. Eight of 10 juveniles that moved at least once moved into Conservation Reserve Program fields, remnant prairie or pasture. The average maximum distance moved by juveniles was 526 m. Once juveniles started to leave the nest field, 67% did not return. Grassy habitats appear to be important in the post-breeding period for Eastern Meadowlarks. Management should be directed toward maintaining or enhancing the amount and quality of those habitats. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, USGS Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Guzy, MJ (reprint author), 23507 Eagles Nest Rd, Antioch, IL 60002 USA. EM mike.guzy@sbcglobal.net NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 2 BP 198 EP 204 DI 10.1676/06-081.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 177AP UT WOS:000247126300006 ER PT J AU Dellinger, RL Wood, PB Keyser, PD AF Dellinger, Rachel L. Bohall Wood, Petra Keyser, Patrick D. TI Occurrence and nest survival of four thrush species on a managed central Appalachian forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE even-aged regeneration harvest; nest survival; partial harvest; point count survey; thrush; Turdidae ID CENTRAL HARDWOOD FORESTS; ARTIFICIAL GROUND NESTS; BREEDING BIRDS; HABITAT USE; WOOD THRUSHES; REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; DOMINATED LANDSCAPE; EDGE; POPULATION AB The wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina Gmelin) is a species of concern in the central Appalachians, and is sympatric there with three related species, the American robin (Turdus migratorius Linnaeus), hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus Pallas), and veery (Catharus fuscescens Stephens). Our objectives were to quantify use of mature forests and areas subjected to even-aged harvesting and partial harvesting by these four species by measuring their frequency of occurrence, nest survival, and nest site characteristics. We also compared microhabitat characteristics among the landcover types. During 2001-2003 we conducted point count surveys, monitored nests, and collected nest habitat data on a managed forest in West Virginia. Land cover was digitized into five categories: deciduous and mixed mature forest, deciduous and mixed partial harvest, and even-aged regeneration harvest. Chi-square goodness-of-fit analysis with Bonferroni 95% confidence intervals indicated that deciduous partial harvests were more likely to be inhabited by wood thrushes. The other three species were less likely to occur in deciduous partial harvests, and veery had lower nest survival in partial harvests than in mature forest. Contrary to many published descriptions that suggest thrushes will not nest in even-aged harvests, a small number of all species but hermit thrushes did nest in this cover type, often near a residual canopy tree. Hermit thrushes were less likely to inhabit mature deciduous forest, even-aged harvests, and harvested edges but chose nesting areas in mature mixed forest that was disturbed by road building and the seeding of landings and skid trails > 10 years ago. Microhabitat characteristics of landcovers did not differ overall. Our results suggest a relationship with partial harvesting that is positive for wood thrush but negative for the other three species. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dellinger, RL (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM dellingers@gmail.com RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 NR 92 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 243 IS 2-3 BP 248 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.020 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 176VQ UT WOS:000247113400009 ER PT J AU Freeman, B Nico, LG Osentoski, M Jelks, HL Collins, TM AF Freeman, Barbie Nico, Leo G. Osentoski, Matthew Jelks, Howard L. Collins, Timothy M. TI Molecular systematics of Serrasalmidae: Deciphering the identities of piranha species and unraveling their evolutionary histories SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Serrasalmidae; piranhas; Characidae; Characiformes; Serrasalmus; Pristobrycon; phylogeny; polytomy; biogeography ID MITOCHONDRIAL CONTROL REGION; GENUS PYGOCENTRUS TELEOSTEI; FRESH-WATER FISHES; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; CHARACIDAE; POLYTOMIES; AMAZON; CHARACIFORMES; SEQUENCES; BRAZIL AB Piranhas and their relatives have proven to be a challenging group from a systematic perspective, with difficulties in identification of species, linking of juveniles to adults, diagnosis of genera, and recognition of higher-level clades. In this study we add new molecular data consisting of three mitochondrial regions for museum vouchered and photo-documented representatives of the Serrasalmidae. These are combined with existing serrasalmid sequences in GenBank to address species and higher-level questions within the piranhas using parsimony and Bayesian methods. We found robust support for the monophyly of Serrasalmus manueli, but not for Serrasalmus gouldingi when GenBank specimens identified as S. gouldingi were included in the analysis. "Serrasalmus gouldingi" sequences in GenBank may, however, be misidentified. Linking of juveniles to adults of the same species was greatly facilitated by the addition of sequence data. Based on our sampling and identifications, our data robustly reject the monophyly of the genera Serrasalmus and Pristobrycon. We found evidence for a well-supported clade comprised of Serrasalmus, Pygocentrus, and Pristobrycon ( in part). This clade was robustly supported in separate and combined analyses of gene regions, and was also supported by a unique molecular character, the loss of a tandem repeat in the control region. Analysis of specimens and a literature review suggest this clade is also characterized by the presence of a pre-anal spine and ectopterygoid teeth. A persistent polytomy at the base of this clade was dated using an independent calibration as 1.8 million years old, corresponding to the beginning of the Pleistocene Epoch, and suggesting an origin for this clade more recent than dates cited in the recent literature. The sister group to this clade is also robustly supported, and consists of Catoprion, Pygopristis, and Pristobrycon striolatus. If the term piranha is to refer to a monophyletic clade, it should be restricted to Serrasalmus, Pygocentrus, and Pristobrycon ( in part), or expanded to include these taxa plus Pygopristis, Catoprion, and Pristobrycon striolatus. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Collins, TM (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Univ Pk, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM Leo_Nico@usgs.gov; CollinsT@fiu.edu NR 87 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAY 28 PY 2007 IS 1484 BP 1 EP 38 PG 38 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 172DD UT WOS:000246783400001 ER PT J AU Ronan, PJ Gaikowski, MP Hamilton, SJ Buhl, KJ Summers, CH AF Ronan, Patrick J. Gaikowski, Mark P. Hamilton, Steven J. Buhl, Kevin J. Summers, Cliff H. TI Ammonia causes decreased brain monoamines in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dopamine; epinephrine; fish; norepinephrine; serotonin ID RAINBOW-TROUT SALMO; AMINO-ACID-TRANSPORT; HEPATIC-COMA; SEROTONIN METABOLISM; FRESH-WATER; RAT-BRAIN; PORTACAVAL ANASTOMOSIS; ENCEPHALOPATHY; EXCRETION; STRESS AB Hyperammonemia, arising from variety of disorders, leads to severe neurological dysfunction. The mechanisms of ammonia toxicity in brain are not completely understood. This study investigated the effects of ammonia on monoaminergic systems in brains of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Fish serve as a good model system to investigate hyperammonemic effects on brain function since no liver manipulations are necessary to increase endogenous ammonia concentrations. Using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, monoamines and some associated metabolites were measured from whole brain homogenate. Adult males were exposed for 48 h to six different concentrations of ammonia (0.01-2.36 mg/l unionized) which bracketed the 96-h LC50 for this species. Ammonia concentration -dependent decreases were found for the catecholamines (norepinephrine and dopamine) and the indoleamine serotonin (S-HT). After an initial increase in the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan it too decreased with increasing ammonia concentrations. There were also significant increases in the 5-HIAA/ 5-HT and DOPAC/DA ratios, often used as measures of turnover. There were no changes in epinephrine (Epi) or monoamine catabolites (DOPAC, 5-HIAA) at any ammonia concentrations tested. Results suggest that ammonia causes decreased synthesis while also causing increased release and degradation. Increased release may underlie behavioral reactions to ammonia exposure in fish. This study adds weight to a growing body of evidence demonstrating that ammonia leads to dysfunctional monoaminergic systems in brain which may underlie neurological symptoms associated with human disorders such as hepatic encephalopathy. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. Avera Res Inst, Sioux Falls, SD 57105 USA. Univ S Dakota, Sch Med, Neurosci Grp, Div Basic Biomed Sci, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. Univ S Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Sioux Falls, SD 57105 USA. Sioux Falls VA Med Ctr, Res Serv, Sioux Falls, SD 57108 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Field Res Stn, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. RP Summers, CH (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, 414 E Clark St, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. EM cliff@usd.edu OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P 20 RR015567-06] NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 1147 BP 184 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.02.015 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 171EP UT WOS:000246718000018 PM 17362882 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Bukry, D AF Barron, John A. Bukry, David TI Development of the California Current during the past 12,000 yr based on diatoms and silicoflagellates SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Holocene; California; upwelling; diatom; silicoflagellates; ENSO ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL CYCLE; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; 42 DEGREES N; EL-NINO; CURRENT SYSTEM; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION AB Detailed diatom and silicoflagellates records in three cores from the offshore region of southern Oregon to central California reveal the evolution of the northern part of the California Current during the past 12,000 yr. The early Holocene, prior to similar to 9 ka, was characterized by relatively warm sea surface temperatures (SST), owing to enhanced northerly flow of the subtropical waters comparable to the modem Davidson Current. Progressive strengthening of the North Pacific High lead to intensification of the southward flow of the California Current at similar to 8 ka, resulting in increased coastal upwelling and relatively cooler SST which persisted until similar to 5 ka. Reduced southward flow of the California Current between similar to 4.8 ka and 3.6 ka may have been responsible for a period of decreased upwelling. Modem seasonal oceanographic cycles, as evidenced by increased spring-early summer coastal upwelling and warming of early fall SST evolved between 3.5 and 3.2 ka. Widespread occurrence of paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic change between similar to 3.5-3.0 ka along the eastern margins of the North Pacific was likely a response to increasing ENSO variability in the tropical Pacific. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Barron, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jbarron@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 248 IS 3-4 BP 313 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.12.009 PG 26 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 178WF UT WOS:000247250200003 ER PT J AU Keefer, DK Larsen, MC AF Keefer, David K. Larsen, Matthew C. TI Assessing landslide hazards SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FLUIDIZED GRANULAR MASSES; RAINFALL INTENSITY; DEBRIS FLOWS; TERRAIN C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Keefer, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dkeefer@usgs.gov; mclarsen@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5828 BP 1136 EP 1138 DI 10.1126/science.1143308 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 171GQ UT WOS:000246724300027 PM 17525325 ER PT J AU Jibson, RW AF Jibson, Randall W. TI Regression models for estimating coseismic landslide displacement SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE earthquake; landslide; seismic hazards; Newmark method ID INDUCED DEFORMATIONS; EARTH STRUCTURES; DENALI FAULT; CASE-HISTORY; EARTHQUAKES; HAZARD; DAMS; EMBANKMENTS; NORTHRIDGE; CALIFORNIA AB Newmark's sliding-block model is widely used to estimate coseismic slope performance. Early efforts to develop simple regression models to estimate Newmark displacement were based on analysis of the small number of strong-motion records then available. The current availability of a much larger set of strong-motion records dictates that these regression equations be updated. Regression equations were generated using data derived from a collection of 2270 strong-motion records from 30 worldwide earthquakes. The regression equations predict Newmark displacement in terms of (1) critical acceleration ratio, (2) critical acceleration ratio and earthquake magnitude, (3) Arias intensity and critical acceleration, and (4) Arias intensity and critical acceleration ratio. These equations are well constrained and fit the data well (71%< R-2 < 88%), but they have standard deviations of about 0.5 log units, such that the range defined by the mean one standard deviation spans about an order of magnitude. These regression models, therefore, are not recommended for use in site-specific design, but rather for regional-scale seismic landslide hazard mapping or for rapid preliminary screening of sites. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jibson, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jibson@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 108 Z9 121 U1 6 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-4 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2007.01.013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 178JQ UT WOS:000247217400009 ER PT J AU Pardini, AT O'Brien, PCM Fu, B Bonde, RK Elder, FFB Ferguson-Smith, MA Yang, F Robinson, TJ AF Pardini, A. T. O'Brien, P. C. M. Fu, B. Bonde, R. K. Elder, F. F. B. Ferguson-Smith, M. A. Yang, F. Robinson, T. J. TI Chromosome painting among Proboscidea, Hyracoidea and Sirenia: Support for Paenungulata (Afrotheria, Mammalia) but not Tethytheria SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE zoo-fluorescence in situ hybridization; elephant; hyrax; manatee; Paenungulata; chromosomal evolution ID COMPARATIVE GENOME MAPS; COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS; ANCESTRAL KARYOTYPE; EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCES; DIVERGENCE; RADIATION; ORIGINS; MIOCENE AB Despite marked improvements in the interpretation of systematic relationships within Eutheria, particular nodes, including Paenungulata (Hyracoidea, Sirenia and Proboscidea), remain ambiguous. The combination of a rapid radiation, a deep divergence and an extensive morphological diversification has resulted in a limited phylogenetic signal confounding resolution within this clade both at the morphological and nucleotide levels. Cross-species chromosome painting was used to delineate regions of homology between Loxodonta africana (2n=56), Procavia capensis (2n=54), Trichechus manatus latirostris (2n=48) and an outgroup taxon, the aardvark ( Orycteropus afer, 2n=20). Changes specific to each lineage were identified and although the presence of a minimum of 11 synapomorphies confirmed the monophyly of Paenungulata, no change characterizing intrapaenungulate relationships was evident. The reconstruction of an ancestral paenungulate karyotype and the estimation of rates of chromosomal evolution indicate a reduced rate of genomic repatterning following the paenungulate radiation. In comparison to data available for other mammalian taxa, the paenungulate rate of chromosomal evolution is slow to moderate. As a consequence, the absence of a chromosomal character uniting two paenungulates ( at the level of resolution characterized in this study) may be due to a reduced rate of chromosomal change relative to the length of time separating successive divergence events. C1 Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, Evolut Genom Grp, ZA-7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa. Univ Cambridge, Ctr Vet Sci, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Cytogenet Lab, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. RP Robinson, TJ (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, Evolut Genom Grp, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa. EM tjr@sun.ac.za OI Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU Wellcome Trust NR 57 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 274 IS 1615 BP 1333 EP 1340 DI 10.1098/rspb.2007.0088 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 151PE UT WOS:000245301900013 PM 17374594 ER PT J AU Nimmo, JR AF Nimmo, John R. TI Simple predictions of maximum transport rate in unsaturated soil and rock SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER-FUNCTION MODEL; SILT LOAM SOIL; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; WATER-FLOW; VADOSE ZONE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SUBSURFACE DRAIN; FRACTURE NETWORK; LAYERED SOILS AB [1] In contrast with the extreme variability expected for water and contaminant fluxes in the unsaturated zone, evidence from 64 field tests of preferential flow indicates that the maximum transport speed V-max, adjusted for episodicity of infiltration, deviates little from a geometric mean of 13 m/d. A model based on constant-speed travel during infiltration pulses of actual or estimated duration can predict V-max with approximate order-of-magnitude accuracy, irrespective of medium or travel distance, thereby facilitating such problems as the prediction of worst-case contaminant traveltimes. The lesser variability suggests that preferential flow is subject to rate-limiting mechanisms analogous to those that impose a terminal velocity on objects in free fall and to rate-compensating mechanisms analogous to Le Chatlier's principle. A critical feature allowing such mechanisms to dominate may be the presence of interfacial boundaries confined by neither solid material nor capillary forces. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nimmo, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 421, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrnimmo@usgs.gov NR 78 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 AR W05426 DI 10.1029/2006WR005372 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 173CJ UT WOS:000246850800003 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA Rubin, DM AF Warrick, Jonathan A. Rubin, David M. TI Suspended-sediment rating curve response to urbanization and wildfire, Santa Ana River, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRANSPORT; DISCHARGE; STREAM; OCEAN; BASIN; FLUX; EROSION; BUDGETS AB [1] River suspended-sediment concentrations provide insights to the erosion and transport of materials from a landscape, and changes in concentrations with time may result from landscape processes or human disturbance. Here we show that suspended- sediment concentrations in the Santa Ana River, California, decreased 20-fold with respect to discharge during a 34-year period ( 1968 - 2001). These decreases cannot be attributed to changes in sampling technique or timing, nor to event or seasonal hysteresis. Annual peak and total discharge, however, reveal sixfold increases over the 34-year record, which largely explain the decreases in sediment concentration by a nonlinear dilution process. The hydrological changes were related to the widespread urbanization of the watershed, which resulted in increases in storm water discharge without detectable alteration of sediment discharge, thus reducing suspended- sediment concentrations. Periodic upland wildfire significantly increased water discharge, sediment discharge, and suspended-sediment concentrations and thus further altered the rating curve with time. Our results suggest that previous inventories of southern California sediment flux, which assume time-constant rating curves and extend these curves beyond the sampling history, may have substantially overestimated loads during the most recent decades. C1 US Geol Survey, USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAY 18 PY 2007 VL 112 IS F2 AR F02018 DI 10.1029/2006JF000662 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 172YB UT WOS:000246839600001 ER PT J AU Nishimura, T Sagiya, T Stein, RS AF Nishimura, Takuya Sagiya, Takeshi Stein, Ross S. TI Crustal block kinematics and seismic potential of the northernmost Philippine Sea plate and Izu microplate, central Japan, inferred from GPS and leveling data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GEODETIC DATA INVERSION; ARC-ARC COLLISION; TOKAI DISTRICT; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; KANTO DISTRICT; PERMANENT DEFORMATION; DISLOCATION MODEL; BOSO PENINSULA; EARTHQUAKE; MOTION AB [1] We clarify the contemporary deformation observed by GPS and leveling for the greater Tokyo (Kanto, eastern Tokai, and the Izu islands) region, where the Izu-Ogasawara ( Bonin) arc is subducting and colliding with the central part of the Japan arc. From these data, we develop a kinematic model of fault sources with variable components of seismic and aseismic slip. Under the assumption that the contemporary deformation during 1995 - 2000 is representative of the long-term interseismic strain field, the geodetic data are inverted to estimate the rotation poles of the crustal blocks, the degree of elastic strain accumulation on faults, and the volumetric inflation sources beneath volcanoes. The present crustal movements are explained by four crustal blocks: the Izu microplate, the central Japan block, the Pacific plate, and the Philippine Sea plate. Along the Suruga and Sagami margins of the Philippine Sea plate lie strongly coupled faults, which include sites of the 1854 M = 8.4 Tokai, 1923 M = 7.9 Kanto, and 1703 M similar to 8.2 Genroku Kanto earthquakes. In contrast, the Philippine Sea plate boundary immediately north of the Izu peninsula, site of M <= 7.5 collisional earthquakes, is only weakly coupled. The boundary between the Izu microplate and the Philippine Sea plate experiences left-lateral motion with the rate of similar to 30 mm/yr. Most of this boundary is locked and thus has a large potential of future earthquakes. The Izu microplate is found to rotate rapidly clockwise at 10 degrees/Myr, with a rotation pole relative to the central Japan block located just north of its northern boundary. The pole and angular velocity of the Izu microplate depends, however, on the assumed location of the boundary. With the exception of the site of the 1938 M >= 7 earthquake swarm, which we infer has the current potential to produce a M similar to 8.1 earthquake, the Pacific megathrust has a very low seismic potential, although the geodetic data have little resolving power for much of the Pacific plate interface east of Tokyo. C1 Geog Survey Inst, Crustal Dynam Res Div, Geog & Crustal Dynam Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050811, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Chikusa Ku, Aichi 4648602, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nishimura, T (reprint author), Geog Survey Inst, Crustal Dynam Res Div, Geog & Crustal Dynam Res Ctr, Kitasato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050811, Japan. EM t_nisimura@gsi.go.jp RI Nishimura, Takuya/G-2789-2013 NR 81 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 18 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B5 AR B05414 DI 10.1029/2005JB004102 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 172YL UT WOS:000246840600001 ER PT J AU McEwen, AS Eliason, EM Bergstrom, JW Bridges, NT Hansen, CJ Delamere, WA Grant, JA Gulick, VC Herkenhoff, KE Keszthelyi, L Kirk, RL Mellon, MT Squyres, SW Thomas, N Weitz, CM AF McEwen, Alfred S. Eliason, Eric M. Bergstrom, James W. Bridges, Nathan T. Hansen, Candice J. Delamere, W. Alan Grant, John A. Gulick, Virginia C. Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Keszthelyi, Laszlo Kirk, Randolph L. Mellon, Michael T. Squyres, Steven W. Thomas, Nicolas Weitz, Catherine M. TI Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review ID POLAR LAYERED DEPOSITS; MARTIAN GEOLOGIC RECORD; ART. NO. 5111; GROUND ICE; VALLES-MARINERIS; LANDING SITE; NEAR-SURFACE; NORTHERN PLAINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SLOPE STREAKS AB [1] The HiRISE camera features a 0.5 m diameter primary mirror, 12 m effective focal length, and a focal plane system that can acquire images containing up to 28 Gb (gigabits) of data in as little as 6 seconds. HiRISE will provide detailed images (0.25 to 1.3 m/pixel) covering similar to 1% of the Martian surface during the 2-year Primary Science Phase (PSP) beginning November 2006. Most images will include color data covering 20% of the potential field of view. A top priority is to acquire similar to 1000 stereo pairs and apply precision geometric corrections to enable topographic measurements to better than 25 cm vertical precision. We expect to return more than 12 Tb of HiRISE data during the 2-year PSP, and use pixel binning, conversion from 14 to 8 bit values, and a lossless compression system to increase coverage. HiRISE images are acquired via 14 CCD detectors, each with 2 output channels, and with multiple choices for pixel binning and number of Time Delay and Integration lines. HiRISE will support Mars exploration by locating and characterizing past, present, and future landing sites, unsuccessful landing sites, and past and potentially future rover traverses. We will investigate cratering, volcanism, tectonism, hydrology, sedimentary processes, stratigraphy, aeolian processes, mass wasting, landscape evolution, seasonal processes, climate change, spectrophotometry, glacial and periglacial processes, polar geology, and regolith properties. An Internet Web site (HiWeb) will enable anyone in the world to suggest HiRISE targets on Mars and to easily locate, view, and download HiRISE data products. C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Delamere Support Syst, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP McEwen, AS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mcewen@pirl.lpl.arizona.edu RI Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016 NR 243 TC 162 Z9 165 U1 6 U2 63 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 112 IS E5 AR E05S02 DI 10.1029/2005JE002605 PG 40 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 172YH UT WOS:000246840200001 ER PT J AU Nussear, KE Esque, TC Haines, DF Tracy, CR AF Nussear, Kenneth E. Esque, Todd C. Haines, Dustin F. Tracy, C. Richard TI Desert Tortoise hibernation: Temperatures, timing, and environment SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID SNAKES ELAPHE-OBSOLETA; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; RANGE; HIBERNACULUM; EMERGENCE; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; NEVADA; ORNATA; LIZARD AB This research examined the onset, duration, and termination of hibernation in Desert Tortoises (Gophents agassizii) over several years at multiple sites in the northeastern part of their geographic range, and recorded the temperatures experienced by tortoises during winter hibernation. The timing of hibernation by Desert Tortoises differed among sites and years. Environmental cues acting over the short-term did not appear to influence the timing of the hibernation period. Different individual tortoises entered hibernation over as many as 44 days in the fall and emerged from hibernation over as many as 49 days in the spring. This range of variation in the timing of hibernation indicates a weak influence at best of exogenous cues hypothesized to trigger and terminate hibernation. There do appear to be regional trends in hibernation behavior as hibernation tended to begin earlier and continue longer at sites that were higher in elevation and generally cooler. The emergence date was generally more similar among study sites than the date of onset. While the climate and the subsequent timing of hibernation differed among sites, the average temperatures experienced by tortoises while hibernating differed by only about five degrees from the coldest site to the warmest site. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Nussear, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM knussear@usgs.gov RI Haines, Dustin/M-9950-2014 OI Haines, Dustin/0000-0003-2087-3899 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAY 16 PY 2007 IS 2 BP 378 EP 386 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170BY UT WOS:000246637600012 ER PT J AU Ugarte, CA Rice, KG Donnelly, MA AF Ugarte, Cristina A. Rice, Kenneth G. Donnelly, Maureen A. TI Comparison of diet, reproductive biology, and growth of the pig frog (Rana grylio) from harvested and protected areas of the Florida everglades SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID FOOD-HABITS; SIZE; BULLFROGS; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL; TRADE; RATES; SEX; AGE AB Distinct differences in body size exist among three Rana grylio populations in areas of the Florida Everglades that differ in frog harvest pressure and hydroperiod. Frogs from two populations are harvested regularly throughout the year, while those in the third are protected from harvest. We compared seasonal and sex differences in diet, reproduction, and growth across these populations to examine life-history patterns. By volume, crayfish and anurans were the most abundant prey items for all adults across sites. Frogs from drier sites consumed more crayfish than frogs from the wettest site. Anurans were abundant in the diet during the wet season, while crayfish and fish were abundant during the dry season. More frogsurith empty stomachs were captured during the wet season than the dry season. Feeding, growth, and fat deposition were greatest during the dry season across all sites. Although females were found in all reproductive stages throughout the year, the highest percentage of females had mature ova during the late dry season and spent ovaries during the early wet season. Individual patterns of growth were similar across all sites and matched historical growth data from the 1950s. Differences in body size among sites were most likely attributable to differential mortality (i.e., harvest pressure, predation) rather than to differences in food access or growth. C1 Univ Florida, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, US Geol Survey,Field Stn, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Ugarte, CA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Field Stn, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM caugarte@ifas.ufl.edu NR 41 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAY 16 PY 2007 IS 2 BP 436 EP 448 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170BY UT WOS:000246637600017 ER PT J AU Drake, DL Altig, R Grace, JB Walls, SC AF Drake, Dana L. Altig, Ronald Grace, James B. Walls, Susan C. TI Occurrence of oral deformities in larval anurans SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN MALFORMATIONS; POPULATION DECLINES; TADPOLES; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; MORTALITY; SITE AB We quantified deformities in the marginal papillae, tooth rows, and jaw sheaths of tadpoles from 13 population samples representing three families and 11 sites in the southeastern United States. Oral deformities were observed in all samples and in 13.5-98% of the specimens per sample. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid) infections were detected in three samples. There was high variability among samples in the pattern and number of discovered deformities. Pairwise associations between oral structures containing deformities were nonrandom for several populations, especially those with B. dendrobatidis infections or high total numbers of deformities. Comparisons of deformities among samples using multivariate analyses revealed that tadpole samples grouped together by family. Analyses of ordination indicated that three variables, the number of deformities, the number of significant associations among deformity types within populations, and whether populations were infected with B. dendrobatidis, were significantly correlated with the pattern of deformities. Our data indicate that the incidence of oral deformities can be high in natural populations and that phylogeny and B. dendrobatidis infection exert a strong influence on the occurrence and type of oral deformities in tadpoles. C1 USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Drake, DL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Publ Lands Inst, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy,Box 452040, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM ranitabella@hotmail.com NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAY 16 PY 2007 IS 2 BP 449 EP 458 DI 10.1643/0045-8511(2007)7[449:OOODIL]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170BY UT WOS:000246637600018 ER PT J AU Savage, JC AF Savage, J. C. TI Postseismic relaxation associated with transient creep rheology SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID STRIKE-SLIP-FAULT; EARTHQUAKE CYCLE; DEFORMATION; ROCKS; MODEL; LAW AB [1] Perfettini and Avouac ( 2004) postulated that both the aftershock rate ( assumed proportional to the local stressing rate) and the postseismic relaxation are driven by the loading imposed by postseismic slip on the brittle creep fault zone (BCFZ), the downdip extension of the fault zone below the coseismic rupture. I explore the consequences of that hypothesis for a long, strike-slip fault in the case where the BCFZ rheology is compatible with ordinary transient creep ( creep strain proportional to log(e)(1+t/tau(2))). Because the important relaxation occurs near the bottom of the coseismic rupture, I calculate the postearthquake response with a model in which the BCFZ is represented by a viscoelastic half-space below the coseismic rupture. I find that both the predicted postseismic relaxation and the cumulative number of aftershocks can be approximated by the same temporal dependence N-MO( t) = a(MO)(1-(1 + t/tau)(1-p))/( p - 1), where t is the time after the earthquake and aMO, t, and p are the constants chosen to fit either data set. Notice that dN(MO)( t)/dt = (a(MO)/tau)/(1 + t/tau)(p) is the modified Omori law used to describe the rate of aftershock occurrence. Thus, the modified Omori law can be understood as a consequence of the Perfettini - Avouac hypothesis ( aftershocks driven by slip on the BCFZ) and a BCFZ rheology compatible with ordinary transient creep. Moreover, the temporal dependence NMO( t) has been shown to fit postseismic surface deformation following at least 9 earthquakes. I also show that the conventional, one-dimensional, spring-block model of a BFCZ with a rheology compatible with ordinary transient creep leads to the same temporal dependence (N-MO( t)). C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jasavage@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B5 AR B05412 DI 10.1029/2006JB004688 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 172YJ UT WOS:000246840400002 ER PT J AU Asquith, WH AF Asquith, William H. TI L-moments and TL-moments of the generalized lambda distribution SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE L-moments; TL-moments; order statistics; generalized lambda distribution; robust estimation ID STATISTICS AB The 4-parameter generalized lambda distribution (GLD) is a flexible distribution capable of mimicking the shapes of many distributions and data samples including those with heavy tails. The method of L-moments and the recently developed method of trimmed L-moments (TL-moments) are attractive techniques for parameter estimation for heavy-tailed distributions for which the L- and TL-moments have been defined. Analytical solutions for the first five L- and TL-moments in terms of GLD parameters are derived. Unfortunately, numerical methods are needed to compute the parameters from the L- or TL-moments. Algorithms are suggested for parameter estimation. Application of the GLD using both L- and TL-moment parameter estimates from example data is demonstrated, and comparison of the L-moment fit of the 4-parameter kappa distribution is made. A small simulation study of the 98th percentile (far-right tail) is conducted for a heavy-tail GLD with high-outlier contamination. The simulations show, with respect to estimation of the 98th-percent quantile, that TL-moments are less biased (more robost) in the presence of high-outlier contamination. However, the robustness comes at the expense of considerably more sampling variability. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Asquith, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8027 Exchange Dr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM wasquith@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 51 IS 9 BP 4484 EP 4496 DI 10.1016/j.csda.2006.07.016 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 169QF UT WOS:000246606000029 ER PT J AU Adams, C Witt, EC Wang, JM Shaver, DK Summers, D Filali-Meknassi, Y Shi, HL Luna, R Anderson, N AF Adams, Craig Witt, Emitt C. Wang, Jianmin Shaver, David K. Summers, David Filali-Meknassi, Youssef Shi, Honglan Luna, Ronaldo Anderson, Neil TI Chemical quality of depositional sediments and associated soils in new orleans and the Louisiana peninsula following Hurricane Katrina SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAKE-PONTCHARTRAIN; RITA AB Hurricane Katrina made landfall on the Louisiana peninsula south of New Orleans on Aug 29, 2005. The resulting storm surge caused numerous levy breaches in the parishes of New Orleans as well as on the Louisiana peninsula. This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of inorganic and organic constituents in sediments and associated soils in New Orleans parishes and the Louisiana peninsula after the floodwaters had been removed and/or receded following Hurricane Katrina. A total of 46 sediment and soil samples were analyzed that were collected throughout New Orleans and the Louisiana peninsula. Approximately 20% of the sediment samples were analyzed, including shallow sediment samples from locations that included the top and beneath automobiles, in residential and commercial areas, and near refineries. Gasoline constituents, pesticides, and leachable heavy metals were analyzed using headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), organic extraction GC/MS, and inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry, respectively. A significant number of samples had leachable As and Pb concentrations in excess of drinking water standards. The remaining metals analyzed (i.e., Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, and V) generally had much lower leachable levels. Of the gasoline constituents, only benzene was observed above the limit of detection (of 5 mu g/kg), with no samples observed as being above the method detection limits of 10 mu g/kg. For the 18 pesticides analyzed, most were in the nondetectable range and all were in trace amounts that were orders of magnitude below regulatory guidelines. C1 Univ Missouri, Environm Res Ctr Emerging Contaminants, Rock Mech & Explos Ctr, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Univ Missouri, Nat Hazard Mitigat Inst, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. US Geol Survey, Mid Continent Geog Sci Ctr, Rolla, MO USA. RP Adams, C (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Environm Res Ctr Emerging Contaminants, Rock Mech & Explos Ctr, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM adams@umr.edu NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 10 BP 3437 EP 3443 DI 10.1021/es0620991 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166IG UT WOS:000246371800014 PM 17547160 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, S Lowenstern, JB Heasler, H AF Hurwitz, Shaul Lowenstern, Jacob B. Heasler, Henry TI Spatial and temporal geochemical trends in the hydrothermal system of Yellowstone National Park: Inferences from river solute fluxes SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE yellowstone; hydrothermal; river discharge; river chemistry; chloride flux; heat flux; temporal trend ID CHLORIDE FLUX; HOT-SPRINGS; CALDERA; EARTHQUAKE; SUBSIDENCE; GEYSER; EVOLUTION; MIGRATION; VOLCANO; ORIGIN AB We present and analyze a chemical dataset that includes the concentrations and fluxes of HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, and F- in the major rivers draining Yellowstone National Park (YNP) for the 2002-2004 water years (I October 2001-30 September 2004). The total (molar)flux in all rivers decreases in the following order, HCO3-> Cl-> SO42-> F-, but each river is characterized by a distinct chemical composition, implying large-scale spatial heterogeneity in the inputs of the various solutes. The data also display non-uniform temporal trends; whereas solute concentrations and fluxes are nearly constant during base-flow conditions, concentrations decrease, solute fluxes increase, and HCO3-/Cl-, and SO42-/Cl- increase during the late-spring high-flow period. HCO3-/SO42- decreases with increasing discharge in the Madison and Falls Rivers, but increases with discharge in the Yellowstone and Snake Rivers. The non-linear relations between solute concentrations and river discharge and the change in anion ratios associated with spring runoff are explained by mixing between two components: (1) a component that is discharged during base-flow conditions and (2) a component associated with snow-melt runoff characterized by higher HCO3-/Cl- and SO42-/Cl-. The fraction of the second component is greater in the Yellowstone and Snake Rivers, which host lakes in their drainage basins and where a large fraction of the solute flux follows thaw of ice cover in the spring months. Although the total river HCO3- flux is larger than the flux of other solutes (HCO3-/Cl-approximate to 3), the CO2 equivalent flux is only similar to 1% of the estimated emission of magmatic CO2 soil emissions from Yellowstone. No anomalous solute flux in response to perturbations in the hydrothermal system was observed, possibly because gage locations are too distant from areas of disturbance, or because of the relatively low sampling frequency. In order to detect changes in river hydrothermal solute fluxes, sampling at higher frequencies with better spatial coverage would be required. Our analysis also suggests that it might be more feasible to detect large-scale heating or cooling of the hydrothermal system by tracking changes in gas and steam flux than by tracking changes in river solute flux. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Yellowstone Natl Pk, Mammoth, WY USA. RP Hurwitz, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shaulh@usgs.gov; jlwnstm@usgs.gov; Henry_Heasler@nps.gov OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 162 IS 3-4 BP 149 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.01.003 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 177KJ UT WOS:000247151700005 ER PT J AU Bailey, JE Self, S Wooller, LK Mouginis-Mark, PJ AF Bailey, John E. Self, Stephen Wooller, Luke K. Mouginis-Mark, Peter J. TI Discrimination of fluvial and eolian features on large ignimbrite sheets around La Pacana Caldera, Chile, using Landsat and SRTM-derived DEM SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ignimbrite; La Pacana; erosion patterns; Landsat TM; SRTM ID NORTHERN CHILE; CENTRAL ANDES; ATACAMA DESERT; ISOTOPIC AGES; STRATIGRAPHY; ENRICHMENT; ARGENTINA; EVOLUTION; PROVINCE; CLIMATE AB Satellite images and ground-based observations were used to investigate the morphology and origin of valleys and ridges across large ignimbrite provinces around La Pacana Caldera, N. Chile. We studied 12 separate sites that included five different ignimbrite units that range in age from similar to 5.6 +/- 0.5 Ma to 1.35 +/- 0.15 Ma. Over 400 features from within these study sites were quantified. Study sites typically have dimensions of 25 x 35 km. Measurements were made using Landsat TM, ETM+, and SRTM-derived DEM and Shaded Relief images. Morphological measurements were made of the ridges and channels, including the direction of regional slope, length, orientation and gradient of each feature. A classification of the different ignimbrite erosion influences, resulting in varying landscape morphologies identified 4 landscape types; Fluvial, Eolian, Modified and Complex. We conclude that the most prevalent features are fluvial-derived channels but the most distinctive are linear, wind-derived ridges. The orientation of these ridges suggests that strong uni-directional winds from the northwest have been constant over a long period of time (> 1 MY). (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Arctic Reg Supercomp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Volcano Dynam Grp, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Bailey, JE (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jbailey@gi.alaska.edu NR 50 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 108 IS 1 BP 24 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.10.018 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 162KO UT WOS:000246086200003 ER PT J AU Lowry, J Ramsey, RD Thomas, K Schrupp, D Sajwaj, T Kirby, J Waller, E Schrader, S Falzarano, S Langs, L Manis, G Wallace, C Schulz, K Comer, P Pohs, K Rieth, W Velasquez, C Wolk, B Kepner, W Boykin, K O'Brien, L Bradford, D Thompson, B Prior-Magee, J AF Lowry, J. Ramsey, R. D. Thomas, K. Schrupp, D. Sajwaj, T. Kirby, J. Waller, E. Schrader, S. Falzarano, S. Langs, L. Manis, G. Wallace, C. Schulz, K. Comer, P. Pohs, K. Rieth, W. Velasquez, C. Wolk, B. Kepner, W. Boykin, K. O'Brien, L. Bradford, D. Thompson, B. Prior-Magee, J. TI Mapping moderate-scale land-cover over very large geographic areas within a collaborative framework: A case study of the Southwest Regional Gap Analysis Project (SWReGAP) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE large-area mapping; meso-scale mapping; moderate scale mapping; land-cover mapping; vegetation mapping; Southwestern US; collaborative projects; remote sensing; decision tree classifiers; geographic information systems; Gap Analysis Program (GAP) ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; MAP ACCURACY; NEW-YORK; CLASSIFICATION; CLASSIFIERS; VEGETATION; IMAGERY; TREES AB Land-cover mapping efforts within the USGS Gap Analysis Program have traditionally been state-centered; each state having the responsibility of implementing a project design for the geographic area within their state boundaries. The Southwest Regional Gap Analysis Project (SWReGAP) was the first formal GAP project designed at a regional, multi-state scale. The project area comprises the southwestern states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The land-cover map/dataset was generated using regionally consistent geospatial data (Landsat ETM+ imagery (1999-2001) and DEM derivatives), similar field data collection protocols, a standardized land-cover legend, and a common modeling approach (decision tree classifier). Partitioning of mapping responsibilities amongst the five collaborating states was organized around ecoregion-based "mapping zones". Over the course of 2(1)/(2) field seasons approximately 93,000 reference samples were collected directly, or obtained from other contemporary projects, for the land-cover modeling effort. The final map was made public in 2004 and contains 125 land-cover classes. An internal validation of 85 of the classes, representing 91% of the land area was performed. Agreement between withheld samples and the validated dataset was 61% (KHAT=.60, n = 17,030). This paper presents an overview of the methodologies used to create the regional land-cover dataset and highlights issues associated with large-area mapping within a coordinated, multi-institutional management framework. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Remote Sensing GIS Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Lab, ESD, LEB, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Nat Serve, Boulder, CO USA. USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Habitat Resources Sect, Denver, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USGS, BRD Gap Anal Program, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Lowry, J (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Remote Sensing GIS Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jlowry@gis.usu.edu; doug.ramsey@usu.edu RI Ramsey, R. Douglas/D-3504-2009; Boykin, Kenneth/D-2863-2009 OI Boykin, Kenneth/0000-0001-6381-0463 NR 44 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 108 IS 1 BP 59 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.008 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 162KO UT WOS:000246086200005 ER PT J AU Pengra, BW Johnston, CA Loveland, TR AF Pengra, Bruce W. Johnston, Carol A. Loveland, Thomas R. TI Mapping an invasive plant, Phragmites australis, in coastal wetlands using the EO-1 Hyperion hyperspectral sensor SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE phragmites; remote sensing; hyperspectral; hyperion; invasive species; wetlands; Great Lakes; Green Bay ID NORTH-AMERICA; SPECTRAL DISCRIMINATION; LAND-COVER; IMAGERY; COMMUNIS AB Mapping tools are needed to document the location and extent of Phragmites australis, a tall grass that invades coastal marshes throughout North America, displacing native plant species and degrading wetland habitat. Mapping Phragmites is particularly challenging in the freshwater Great Lakes coastal wetlands due to dynamic lake levels and vegetation diversity. We tested the applicability of Hyperion hyperspectral satellite imagery for mapping Phragmites in wetlands of the west coast of Green Bay in Wisconsin, U.S.A. A reference spectrum created using Hyperion data from several pure Phragmites stands within the image was used with a Spectral Correlation Mapper (SCM) algorithm to create a raster map with values ranging from 0 to 1, where 0 represented the greatest similarity between the reference spectrum and the image spectrum and I the least similarity. The final two-class thematic classification predicted monodominant Phragmites covering 3.4% of the study area. Most of this was concentrated in long linear features parallel to the Green Bay shoreline, particularly in areas that had been under water only six years earlier when lake levels were 66 cm higher. An error matrix using spring 2005 field validation points (n = 129) showed good overall accuracy - 81.4%. The small size and linear arrangement of Phragmites stands was less than optimal relative to the sensor resolution, and Hyperion's 30 in resolution captured few if any pure pixels. Contemporary Phragmites maps prepared with Hyperion imagery would provide wetland managers with a tool that they currently lack, which could aid attempts to stem the spread of this invasive species. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Johnston, CA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Box 2207B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM bpengra@usgs.gov; Carol.Johnston@sdstate.edu RI CHEN, YU/F-8600-2011; OI Johnston, Carol/0000-0002-9663-5048 NR 44 TC 90 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 108 IS 1 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.002 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 162KO UT WOS:000246086200006 ER PT J AU Stackelberg, PE Gibs, J Furlong, ET Meyer, MT Zaugg, SD Lippincott, RL AF Stackelberg, Paul E. Gibs, Jacob Furlong, Edward T. Meyer, Michael T. Zaugg, Steven D. Lippincott, R. Lee TI Efficiency of conventional drinking-water-treatment processes in removal of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE organic chemicals; drinking water; pharmaceuticals ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; WASTE-WATER; AQUEOUS CHLORINATION; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; WATERTREATMENT PLANT; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; BISPHENOL-A; CONTAMINANTS; PERSISTENCE AB Samples of water and sediment from a conventional drinking-water-treatment (DWT) plant were analyzed for 113 organic compounds (OCs) that included pharmaceuticals, detergent degradates, flame retardants and plasticizers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fragrances and flavorants, pesticides and an insect repellent, and plant and animal steroids. 45 of these compounds were detected in samples of source water and 34 were detected in samples of settled sludge and (or) filter-backwash sediments. The average percent removal of these compounds was calculated from their average concentration in time-composited water samples collected after clarification, disinfection (chlorination), and granular-activated-carbon (GAC) filtration. In general, GAC filtration accounted for 53% of the removal of these compounds from the aqueous phase; disinfection accounted for 32%, and clarification accounted for 15%. The effectiveness of these treatments varied widely within and among classes of compounds; some hydrophobic compounds were strongly oxidized by free chlorine, and some hydrophilic compounds were partly removed through adsorption processes. The detection of 21 of the compounds in 1 or more samples of finished water, and of 3 to 13 compounds in every finished-water sample, indicates substantial but incomplete degradation or removal of OCs through the conventional DWT process used at this plant. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Stackelberg, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM pestack@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 51 TC 263 Z9 279 U1 24 U2 222 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 377 IS 2-3 BP 255 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.095 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 175PD UT WOS:000247024600014 PM 17363035 ER PT J AU Nagler, P Jetton, A Fleming, J Didan, K Glenn, E Erker, J Morino, K Milliken, J Gloss, S AF Nagler, Pamela Jetton, Amity Fleming, John Didan, Kamel Glenn, Edward Erker, Joseph Morino, Kiyomi Milliken, Jeff Gloss, Steven TI Evapotranspiration in a cottonwood (Populus fremontii) restoration plantation estimated by sap flow and remote sensing methods SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE MODIS EVI; ETM; heat pulse method; ET; riparian vegetation ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION TECHNIQUES; MULTIPLE LINEAR-REGRESSION; MODIS VEGETATION INDEXES; COLORADO RIVER DELTA; RIPARIAN COTTONWOODS; SPATIAL PREDICTION; DROUGHT STRESS; NATIVE TREES; WATER; TRANSPIRATION AB Native tree plantations have been proposed for the restoration of wildlife habitat in human-altered riparian corridors of western U.S. rivers. Evapotranspiration (ET) by riparian vegetation is an important, but poorly quantified, term in river water budgets. Native tree restoration plots will potentially increase ET. We used sap flow sensors and satellite imagery to estimate ET in a 8 ha, cottonwood (Populus fremontii) restoration plot on the Lower Colorado River. Biometric methods were used to scale leaf area to whole trees and stands of trees. This technique was used to validate our estimates of ET obtained by scaling from branch level to stand (or plot) level measurements of ET. Cottonwood trees used 6-10 mm day(-1) of water during the peak of the growing season as determined by sap flow sensors, and annual rates scaled by time-series MODIS satellite imagery were approximately 1.2 m year(-1). Although irrigation was not quantified, the field had been flood irrigated at 2 week intervals during the 3 years prior to the study, receiving approximately 2 m year 1 of water. A frequency-domain electromagnetic induction survey of soil moisture content showed that the field was saturated (26-28% gravimetric water content) at the 90-150 cm soil depth under the field. Trees were apparently rooted into the saturated soil, and considerable saving of water could potentially be achieved by modifying the irrigation regime to take into account that cottonwoods are phreatophytes. The study showed that cottonwood ET can be monitored by remote sensing methods calibrated with ground measurements with an accuracy or uncertainty of 20-30% in western riparian corridors. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Soil Water & Environm Sci Dept, Terr Biophys & Remote Sensing Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Nagler, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Biosci E Bldg,Room 125, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pnagler@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 32 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.02.002 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 164PE UT WOS:000246245300008 ER PT J AU Hammond, WC Thatcher, W AF Hammond, William C. Thatcher, Wayne TI Crustal deformation across the Sierra Nevada, northern Walker Lane, Basin and Range transition, western United States measured with GPS, 2000-2004 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE; 1992 LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; GEODETIC TIME-SERIES; FAULT SLIP RATES; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; SEISMIC BELT; GREAT-BASIN; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BLOCK KINEMATICS AB Global Positioning System ( GPS) data collected in campaigns in 2000 and 2004 were processed and interpreted with other GPS data in the western Basin and Range province to provide new constraints on the rate, style, and pattern of deformation of the central and northern Walker Lane ( WL), which lies near the western boundary of the Basin and Range. Across the central WL, near 38 degrees N latitude, the velocities with respect to North America increase westward by similar to 10 mm/yr inducing dextral shear. Farther north between 40 degrees and 41 degrees N latitude, a western zone of similar to 7 mm/yr relative motion undergoes dextral shear, and an eastern zone of <= 3 mm/yr relative motion undergoes extension and shear. These data show that the northern WL is essentially a dextral shear zone experiencing minor net dilatation ( epsilon(Delta) = 2.6 +/- 0.8 nstrain/yr). Near most Holocene normal faults, dilatation inferred from the velocity field is not greater than the uncertainties. However, near the central Nevada seismic belt we detect significant dilatation expressed as extension in a direction approximately normal to the range fronts ( epsilon(Delta) = 23.0 +/- 3.9 nstrain/yr), some of which is attributable to transient postseismic deformation following large historic earthquakes. A block model constrained by velocities corrected for transient effects shows that the sum of dextral slip rates across the Honey Lake, Warm Springs, east Pyramid fault system, and Mohawk Valley faults is similar to 7 mm/yr. The WL is a zone whose width and dilatation rate increase northwestward, consistent with counterclockwise rotation of the Sierra Nevada microplate and transfer of deformation into the Pacific Northwest. C1 Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Nevada Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hammond, WC (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM whammond@unr.edu NR 84 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 12 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B5 AR B05411 DI 10.1029/2006JB004625 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 168BZ UT WOS:000246498600004 ER PT J AU Wankel, SD Kendall, C Pennington, JT Chavez, FP Paytan, A AF Wankel, Scott D. Kendall, Carol Pennington, J. Timothy Chavez, Francisco P. Paytan, Adina TI Nitrification in the euphotic zone as evidenced by nitrate dual isotopic composition: Observations from Monterey Bay, California SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID 1992 EL-NINO; BIOGEOCHEMICAL FACTORS; NITROBACTER-AGILIS; NORTH PACIFIC; WATER COLUMN; FRESH-WATER; NITROGEN; FRACTIONATION; AMMONIUM; NITRITE AB Coupled measurements of nitrate (NO(3)(-)), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) isotopic composition (delta(15)N(NO3) and delta(18)O(NO3)) were made in surface waters of Monterey Bay to investigate multiple N cycling processes occurring within surface waters. Profiles collected throughout the year at three sites exhibit a wide range of values, suggesting simultaneous and variable influence of both phytoplankton NO(3)(-) assimilation and nitrification within the euphotic zone. Specifically, increases in delta(18)O(NO3) were consistently greater than those in delta(15)N(NO3). A coupled isotope steady state box model was used to estimate the amount of NO(3)(-) supplied by nitrification in surface waters relative to that supplied from deeper water. The model highlights the importance of the branching reaction during ammonium (NH(4)(+)) consumption, in which NH(4)(+) either serves as a substrate for regenerated production or for nitrification. Our observations indicate that a previously unrecognized proportion of nitrate-based productivity, on average 15 to 27%, is supported by nitrification in surface waters and should not be considered new production. This work also highlights the need for a better understanding of isotope effects of NH(4)(+) oxidation, NH(4)(+) assimilation, and NO(3)(-) assimilation in marine environments. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Wankel, SD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Organismal & Evolutionary Biol, 16 Divin Ave,Room 3092, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM swankel@oeb.harvard.edu NR 52 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 6 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 AR GB2009 DI 10.1029/2006GB002723 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 165LF UT WOS:000246306300002 ER PT J AU Watts, RD Compton, RW McCammon, JH Rich, CL Wright, SM Owens, T Ouren, DS AF Watts, Raymond D. Compton, Roger W. McCammon, John H. Rich, Carl L. Wright, Stewart M. Owens, Tom Ouren, Douglas S. TI Roadless space of the conterminous United States SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ROADS AB Roads encroaching into undeveloped areas generally degrade ecological and watershed conditions and simultaneously provide access to natural resources, land parcels for development, and recreation. A metric of roadless space is needed for monitoring the balance between these ecological costs and societal benefits. We introduce a metric, roadless volume ( RV), which is derived from the calculated distance to the nearest road. RV is useful and integrable over scales ranging from local to national. The 2.1 million cubic kilometers of RV in the conterminous United States are distributed with extreme inhomogeneity among its counties. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Watts, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM rwatts@usgs.gov RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 17 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5825 BP 736 EP 738 DI 10.1126/science.1138141 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 163RR UT WOS:000246181400043 PM 17478718 ER PT J AU Squyres, SW Aharonson, O Clark, BC Cohen, BA Crumpler, L de Souza, PA Farrand, WH Gellert, R Grant, J Grotzinger, JP Haldemann, AFC Johnson, JR Klingelhofer, G Lewis, KW Li, R McCoy, T McEwen, AS McSween, HY Ming, DW Moore, JM Morris, RV Parker, TJ Rice, JW Ruff, S Schmidt, M Schroder, C Soderblom, LA Yen, A AF Squyres, S. W. Aharonson, O. Clark, B. C. Cohen, B. A. Crumpler, L. de Souza, P. A. Farrand, W. H. Gellert, R. Grant, J. Grotzinger, J. P. Haldemann, A. F. C. Johnson, J. R. Klingelhoefer, G. Lewis, K. W. Li, R. McCoy, T. McEwen, A. S. McSween, H. Y. Ming, D. W. Moore, J. M. Morris, R. V. Parker, T. J. Rice, J. W., Jr. Ruff, S. Schmidt, M. Schroeder, C. Soderblom, L. A. Yen, A. TI Pyroclastic activity at home plate in Gusev Crater, Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPIRIT AB Home Plate is a layered plateau in Gusev crater on Mars. It is composed of clastic rocks of moderately altered alkali basalt composition, enriched in some highly volatile elements. A coarse-grained lower unit lies under a finer-grained upper unit. Textural observations indicate that the lower strata were emplaced in an explosive event, and geochemical considerations favor an explosive volcanic origin over an impact origin. The lower unit likely represents accumulation of pyroclastic materials, whereas the upper unit may represent eolian reworking of the same pyroclastic materials. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. Vallourec Res Ctr, F-59260 Aulnoye Aymeries, France. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Squyres, SW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Lewis, Kevin/E-5557-2012; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; NR 17 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5825 BP 738 EP 742 DI 10.1126/science.1139045 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 163RR UT WOS:000246181400044 PM 17478719 ER PT J AU Hasegawa, A Nakajima, J Kita, S Okada, T Matsuzawa, T Kirby, SH AF Hasegawa, Akira Nakajima, Junichi Kita, Saeko Okada, Tomomi Matsuzawa, Toru Kirby, Stephen H. TI Anomalous deepening of a belt of intraslab earthquakes in the Pacific slab crust under Kanto, central Japan: Possible anomalous thermal shielding, dehydration reactions, and seismicity caused by shallower cold slab material SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERMEDIATE-DEPTH EARTHQUAKES; NORTHEASTERN JAPAN; BENEATH; PLATE; WAVE; ARC AB A belt of intraslab seismicity in the Pacific slab crust parallel to iso-depth contours of the plate interface has been found beneath Hokkaido and Tohoku. Hypocenter relocations have shown that this seismic belt does not run parallel to but obliquely to the iso-depth contours beneath Kanto, deepening toward the north from similar to 100 km to similar to 140 km depth. The depth limit of the contact zone with the overlying Philippine Sea slab is located close to and parallel to this obliquely oriented seismic belt, suggesting that the deepening of the seismic belt there is caused by the contact with the overlying slab. The contact with this cold slab hinders the heating of the Pacific slab crust by hot mantle wedge, which would cause delay of eclogite-forming phase transformations and hence deepening of the seismic belt there. The depth limit of the subducting low-velocity crust also deepens toward the north, supporting this idea. C1 Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, RCPEV, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hasegawa, A (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, RCPEV, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM hasegawa@aob.geophys.tohoku.ac.jp RI Kita, Saeko/D-6918-2012; Nakajima, Junichi/D-6472-2012; Nakajima, Jun/Q-3693-2016 OI Nakajima, Jun/0000-0002-9584-2627 NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 2 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 9 AR L09305 DI 10.1029/2007GL029616 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 165LB UT WOS:000246305900005 ER PT J AU Balistrieri, LS Seal, RR Piatak, NM Paul, B AF Balistrieri, Laurie S. Seal, Robert R. Piatak, Nadine M. Paul, Barbara TI Assessing the concentration, speciation, and toxicity of dissolved metals during mixing of acid-mine drainage and ambient river water downstream of the Elizabeth Copper Mine, Vermont, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; THIN-FILMS DGT; DIFFUSIVE GRADIENTS; TRACE-METALS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; SURFACE WATERS; ZN; IRON; CD AB The authors determine the composition of a river that is impacted by acid-mine drainage, evaluate dominant physical and geochemical processes controlling the composition, and assess dissolved metal speciation and toxicity using a combination of laboratory, field and modeling studies. Values of pH increase from 3.3 to 7.6 and the sum of dissolved base metal (Cd + Co + Cu + Ni + Pb + Zn) concentrations decreases from 6270 to 100 mu g/L in the dynamic mixing and reaction zone that is downstream of the river's confluence with acid-mine drainage. Mixing diagrams and PHREEQC calculations indicate that mixing and dilution affect the concentrations of all dissolved elements in the reach, and are the dominant processes controlling dissolved Ca, K, Li, Mn and SO4 concentrations. Additionally, dissolved Al and Fe concentrations decrease due to mineral precipitation (gibbsite, schwertmannite and ferrihydrite), whereas dissolved concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn decrease due to adsorption onto newly formed Fe precipitates. The uptake of dissolved metals by aquatic organisms is dependent on the aqueous speciation of the metals and kinetics of complexation reactions between metals, ligands and solid surfaces. Dissolved speciation of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in the mixing and reaction zone is assessed using the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique and results of speciation calculations using the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM). Data from open and restricted pore DGT units indicate that almost all dissolved metal species are inorganic and that aqueous labile or DGT available metal concentrations are generally equal to total dissolved concentrations in the mixing zone. Exceptions occur when labile metal concentrations are underestimated due to competition between H+ and metal ions for Chelex-100 binding sites in the DGT units at low pH values. Calculations using the BLM indicate that dissolved Cd and Zn species in the mixing and reaction zone are predominantly inorganic, which is consistent with the DGT results. Although the DGT method indicates that the majority of aqueous Cu species are inorganic, BLM calculations indicate that dissolved Cu is inorganic at pH < 5.5 and organic at pH > 5.5. Integrated dissolved labile concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn in the mixing and reaction zone are compared to calculated acute toxicity concentrations (LC50 values) for fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) (Cd, Cu and Zn) and water fleas (Ceriodaphnia dubia) (Cd and Cu) using the BLM, and to national recommended water quality criteria [i.e., criteria maximum concentration (CMC) and criterion continuous concentration (CCC)]. Observed labile concentrations of Cd and Zn are below LC50 values and CMC for Cd, but above CCC and CMC for Zn at sites < 30 m downstream of the confluence. In contrast, labile Cu concentrations exceed LC50 values for the organisms as well as CCC and CMC at sites < 30 m downstream of the confluence. These results suggest that environmental conditions at sites closest to the confluence of the river and acid-mine drainage should not support healthy aquatic organisms. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Balistrieri, LS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Box 355351, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM balistri@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 930 EP 952 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.02.005 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 181UC UT WOS:000247460600005 ER PT J AU Vengosh, A Hening, S Ganor, J Mayer, B Weyhenmeyer, CE Bullen, TD Paytan, A AF Vengosh, Avner Hening, Sharona Ganor, Jiwchar Mayer, Bernhard Weyhenmeyer, Constanze E. Bullen, Thomas D. Paytan, Adina TI New isotopic evidence for the origin of groundwater from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer in the Negev, Israel SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN-SEA AREA; SOUTHERN ARAVA VALLEY; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; PHANEROZOIC SEAWATER; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; NORTHERN NEGEV; JUDEA-GROUP; SULFUR; MODEL; SPECTROMETER AB The geochemistry and isotopic composition (H, O, S, O-sulfate, C, Sr) of groundwater from the Nubian Sandstone (Kurnub Group) aquifer in the Negev, Israel, were investigated in an attempt to reconstruct the origin of the water and solutes, evaluate modes of water-rock interactions, and determine mean residence times of the water. The results indicate multiple recharge events into the Nubian sandstone aquifer characterized by distinctive isotope signatures and deuterium excess values. In the northeastern Negev, groundwater was identified with deuterium excess values of similar to 16 parts per thousand, which suggests local recharge via unconfined areas of the aquifer in the Negev anticline systems. The delta O-18(H2O) and delta H-2 values (-6.5 parts per thousand and -35.4 parts per thousand) of this groundwater are higher than those of groundwater in the Sinai Peninsula and southern Arava valley (-7.5 parts per thousand and -48.3 parts per thousand) that likewise have lower deuterium excess values of -10 parts per thousand. Based on the geochemical differences between groundwater in the unconfined and confined zones of the aquifer, a conceptual geochemical model for the evolution of the groundwater in the Nubian sandstone aquifer has been reconstructed. The isotopic composition of shallow groundwater from the unconfined zone indicates that during recharge oxidation of pyrite to SO4 (delta S-34(SO4) similar to-13 parts per thousand; delta O-18(SO4) similar to+7.7 parts per thousand) and dissolution of CaCO3 (Sr-87/Sr-86 similar to 0.70787; delta C-13(DIC) = -3.7 parts per thousand) occur. In the confined zone of the aquifer, bacterial SO4 reduction removes a significant part of dissolved SO42-, thereby modifying its isotopic composition (delta S-34(SO4) similar to-2 parts per thousand; delta O-18(SO4) similar to+8.5 parts per thousand) and liberating dissolved inorganic C that contains little or no radiocarbon (C-14-free) with low delta C-13(DIC) values (<- 12 parts per thousand). In addition to local recharge, the Sr and S isotopic data revealed contribution of external groundwater sources to the Nubian Sandstone aquifer, resulting in further modifications of the groundwater chemical and isotopic signatures. In the northeastern Negev, it is shown that SO4-rich groundwater from the underlying Jurassic aquifer contributes significantly to the salt budget of the Nubian Sandstone aquifer. The unique chemical and isotopic composition of the Jurassic groundwater (delta S-34(SO4) similar to +14 parts per thousand; delta O-18(SO4) similar to 14 parts per thousand; Sr-87/Sr-86 similar to 0.70764) is interpreted as reflecting dissolution of Late Triassic marine gypsum deposits. In the southern Arava Valley the authors postulate that SO4-rich groundwater with distinctively high Br/Cl (3 x 10(-3)) low Sr-87/Sr-86 (0.70734), and high delta S-34(SO4) values (+ 15 parts per thousand) is derived from mixing with underlying brines from the Paleozoic units. The radiocarbon measurements reveal low C-14 activities (0.2-5.8 pmc) in both the northeastern Negev and southern Arava Valley. Taking into account dissolution of carbonate rocks and bacterial SO4 reduction in the unconfined area, estimated mean residence times of groundwater in the confined zone in the northeastern Negev are on the order of 21-38 ka, which sggests recharge predominantly during the last glacial period. The C-14 signal in groundwater from the southern Arava Valley is equally low but due to evidence for mixing with external water sources the residence time estimates are questionable. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Vengosh, A (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM vengosh@duke.edu RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012; GANOR, JIWCHAR/F-1887-2012 OI GANOR, JIWCHAR/0000-0002-5507-925X NR 65 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1052 EP 1073 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.01.005 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 181UC UT WOS:000247460600012 ER PT J AU Hinck, JE Blazer, VS Denslow, ND Myers, MS Gross, TS Tillitt, DE AF Hinck, J. E. Blazer, V. S. Denslow, N. D. Myers, M. S. Gross, T. S. Tillitt, D. E. TI Biomarkers of contaminant exposure in northern pike (Esox lucius) from the Yukon River Basin, Alaska SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; MACROPHAGE CENTERS; MERCURY; HEALTH; RESPONSES; METALS; METHYLMERCURY AB As part of a larger investigation, northern pike (n = 158; Esox lucius) were collected from ten sites in the Yukon River Basin (YRB), Alaska, to document biomarkers and their correlations with organochlorine pesticide (total p,p'-DDT, total chlordane, dieldrin, and toxaphene), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and elemental contaminant (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, total mercury, selenium, and zinc) concentrations. A suite of biomarkers including somatic indices, hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity, vitellogenin concentrations, steroid hormone (17B-ustradiol and 16-kebtestosteront) concentrations, splenic macrophage aggregates (MAs), oocyte atresia, and other microscopic anomalies in various tissues were documented in YRB pike. Mean condition factor (0.50 to 0.68), hepatosomatic index (1.00% to 3.56%), and splenosomatic index (0.09% to 0.18%) were not anomalous at any site nor correlated with any contaminant concentration. Mean EROD activity (0.71 to 17.51 pmol/min/mg protein) was similar to basal activity levels previously measured in pike and was positively correlated with selenium concentrations (r = 0.88, P < 0.01). Vitellogenin concentrations in female (0.09 to 5.32 mg/mL) and male (< 0.0005 to 0.097 mg/mL) pike were not correlated with any contaminant, but vitellogenin concentrations > 0.01 mg/mL in male pike from multiple sites indicated exposure to estrogenic compounds. Mean steroid hormone concentrations and percent oocyte atresia were not anomalous in pike from any YRB site. Few site differences were significant for mean MA density (1.86 to 6.42 MA/mm(2)), size (812 to 1481 mu m(2)), and tissue occupied (MA-%; 0.24% to 0.75%). A linear regression between MA-% and total PCBs was significant, although PCB concentrations were generally low in YRB pike (<= 63 ng/g), and MA-% values in female pike (0.24% to 0.54%) were lower than in male pike (0.32% to 0.75%) at similar PCB concentrations. Greater numbers of MAs were found as zinc concentrations increased in YRB female pike, but it is unlikely that this is a causative relationship. Histological abnormalities observed in gill, liver, spleen, and kidney tissues were not likely a result of contaminant exposure but provide information on the general health of YRB pike. The most common histologic anomalies were parasitic infestations in various organs and developing nephrons and nephrocalcinosis in posterior kidney tissues. Overall, few biomarker responses in YRB pike were correlated with chemical contaminant concentrations, and YRB pike generally appeared to be healthy with no site having multiple anomalous biomarker responses. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Gross, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jhinck@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 549 EP 562 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0134-z PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 158TI UT WOS:000245817300014 PM 17396212 ER PT J AU Straub, CL Maul, JD Halbrook, RS Spears, B Lydy, MJ AF Straub, C. L. Maul, J. D. Halbrook, R. S. Spears, B. Lydy, M. J. TI Trophic transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls in Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) at Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, Illinois, United States SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; STURNUS-VULGARIS; SUPERFUND SITE; PCBS; CONGENERS; MAMMALS; PCDDS; PCDFS; USA AB In this study, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were measured in great blue heron (GBHE) (Ardea herodias) chicks and eggs at Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge (CONWR) in southern Illinois. In addition, biomagnification factors (BMFs) from gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) and their effects on reproductive effort were examined. Total PCBs (Sigma PCBs) in chicks and shad were greater at the east end of Crab Orchard Lake (i.e., near the site of contamination) than the west end, but chick concentrations (4.1 to 10.1 mg/kg lipid weight) were lower than those typically associated with adverse effects. Chick BMFs based on shad from diet samples were greater than those based on shad collected from the lake. Furthermore, the two shad sources had dissimilar dioxin-like congener patterns and Sigma PCBs, suggesting that there was variation in PCB load and composition and that the more contaminated shad were a small proportion of the actual heron chick diet. The number of eggs laid per nest was similar between colonies, suggesting no observable population level effects. Further study may be necessary to evaluate long-term effects on GBHEs at CONWR. C1 So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Columbia Fish & Wildlife Off, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. RP Lydy, MJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM mlydy@siu.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 572 EP 579 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0200-6 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 158TI UT WOS:000245817300016 PM 17354036 ER PT J AU Fickert, T Friend, D Gruninger, F Molnia, B Richter, M AF Fickert, Thomas Friend, Donald Grueninger, Friederike Molnia, Bruce Richter, Michael TI Did debris-covered glaciers serve as pleistocene refugia for plants? A new hypothesis derived from observations of recent plant growth on glacier surfaces SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; YUKON-TERRITORY; EUROPEAN ALPS; NUMERICAL RECONSTRUCTIONS; LAST GLACIATION; MOUNT RAINIER; CLIMATE; SURVIVAL; FLUCTUATIONS; MORAINES AB This study proposes a new hypothesis: Debris-covered glaciers served as Pleistocene biological refugia. This is based on detailed studies of vascular plant growth on six debris-mantled glaciers, literally around the world, as well as many casual observations also across the globe. We find that such glaciers are quite common and are distributed globally. Using Carbon Glacier, Mount Rainier, U.S.A., as a type locality and case study, we show aspects of the floristic and structural diversity as well as spatial patterns of plant growth on the glacier surface. Migration strategies, root characteristics, and origin and dispersal strategies for vascular plant species are documented. Also reported are special microclimatic conditions in these areas allowing for this remarkable plant ecology. We find that alpine taxa can grow considerably below their usual altitudinal niche due to the cooler subsurface soil temperatures found on glacial debris with ice underneath, and that may have significantly altered the spatial distribution of such flora during full glacial conditions. This in turn creates previously undocumented areas from which alpine, and perhaps arctic, plant species reestablished in post-glacial time. This hypothesis is complementary to both the nunatak hypothesis and tabula rasa theory and possibly helps solve the ongoing controversy between them. C1 Minnesota State Univ, Dept Geog, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. Univ Passau, D-94032 Passau, Germany. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Geog, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. RP Friend, D (reprint author), Minnesota State Univ, Dept Geog, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. EM donald.friend@mnsu.edu NR 80 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 24 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 245 EP 257 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(2007)39[245:DDGSAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 170FW UT WOS:000246649100007 ER PT J AU Roush, W Munroe, JS Fagre, DB AF Roush, W. Munroe, J. S. Fagre, D. B. TI Development of a spatial analysis metho using ground-based repeat photography to detect changes in the alpine treeline ecotone, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; GEOMORPHIC CONTROLS; TUNDRA ECOTONE; CARBON BALANCE; FOREST; MOUNTAINS; PATTERNS; LANDSCAPE AB Repeat photography is a powerful tool for detection of landscape change over decadal timescales. Here a novel method is presented that applies spatial analysis software to digital photo-pairs, allowing vegetation change to be categorized and quantified. This method is applied to 12 sites within the alpine treeline ecotone of Glacier National Park, Montana, and is used to examine vegetation changes over timescales ranging from 71 to 93 years. Tree cover at the treeline ecotone increased in 10 out of the 12 photo-pairs (mean increase of 60%). Establishment occurred at all sites, infilling occurred at 11 sites. To demonstrate the utility of this method, patterns of tree establishment at treeline are described and the possible causes of changes within the treeline ecotone are discussed. Local factors undoubtedly affect the magnitude and type of the observed changes, however the ubiquity of the increase in tree cover implies a common forcing mechanism. Mean minimum summer temperatures have increased by 1.5 degrees C over the past century and, coupled with variations in the amount of early spring snow water equivalent, likely account for much of the increase in tree cover at the treeline ecotone. Lastly, shortcomings of this method are presented along with possible solutions and areas for future research. C1 US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. Middlebury Coll, Environm Studies Program, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. RP Roush, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM will@kamutlake.net NR 53 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 15 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(2007)39[297:DOASAM]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 170FW UT WOS:000246649100012 ER PT J AU Kesler, DC Haig, SM AF Kesler, Dylan C. Haig, Susan M. TI Conservation biology for suites of species: Demographic modeling for Pacific island kingfishers SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE demographic model; island avifauna; Micronesian kingfisher; Pacific island conservation; population model; population suite; Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii; Halcyon cinnamomina ID RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; THROATED MAGPIE-JAY; MICRONESIAN KINGFISHERS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; SURVIVAL; BIRDS; DISPERSAL; EXTINCTION; VIABILITY AB Conservation practitioners frequently extrapolate data from single-species investigations when managing critically endangered populations. However, few researchers initiate work with the intent of making findings useful to conservation efforts for other species. We presented and explored the concept of conducting conservation-oriented research for suites of geographically separated populations with similar natural histories, resource needs, and extinction threats. An example was provided in the form of an investigation into the population demography of endangered Micronesian kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus). We provided the first demographic parameter estimates for any of the 12 endangered Pacific Todiramphus species, and used results to develop a population projection matrix model for management throughout the insular Pacific. Further, we used the model for elasticity and simulation analyses with demographic values that randomly varied across ranges that might characterize congener populations. Results from elasticity and simulation analyses indicated that changes in breeding adult survival exerted the greatest magnitude of influence on population dynamics. However, changes in nestling survival were more consistently correlated with population dynamics as demographic rates were randomly altered. We concluded that conservation practitioners working with endangered Pacific kingfishers should primarily focus efforts on factors affecting nestling and breeder survival, and secondarily address fledgling juveniles and helpers. Further, we described how the generalized base model might be changed to focus on individual populations and discussed the potential application of multi-species models to other conservation situations. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kesler, DC (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, 4095 Derring Hall 0406, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM DylanKesler@picra.net; Susan-Haig@usgs.gov NR 81 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 136 IS 4 BP 520 EP 530 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.12.023 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 178OA UT WOS:000247228800003 ER PT J AU Garcia de Leaniz, C Fleming, IA Einum, S Verspoor, E Jordan, WC Consuegra, S Aubin-Horth, N Lajus, D Letcher, BH Youngson, AF Webb, JH Vollestad, LA Villanueva, B Ferguson, A Quinn, TP AF Garcia de Leaniz, C. Fleming, I. A. Einum, S. Verspoor, E. Jordan, W. C. Consuegra, S. Aubin-Horth, N. Lajus, D. Letcher, B. H. Youngson, A. F. Webb, J. H. Vollestad, L. A. Villanueva, B. Ferguson, A. Quinn, T. P. TI A critical review of adaptive genetic variation in Atlantic salmon: implications for conservation SO BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE adaptive variation; local adaptation; heritabilities; phenotypic plasticity; genotype-by-environment interaction; fitness; conservation; Atlantic salmon; salmonids ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA POPULATIONS; GEOGRAPHICALLY DISJUNCT POPULATIONS; ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS; GYRODACTYLUS-SALARIS MALMBERG; BRITISH-COLUMBIA POPULATIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION AB Here we critically review the scale and extent of adaptive genetic variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), an important model system in evolutionary and conservation biology that provides fundamental insights into population persistence, adaptive response and the effects of anthropogenic change. We consider the process of adaptation as the end product of natural selection, one that can best be viewed as the degree of matching between phenotype and environment. We recognise three potential sources of adaptive variation: heritable variation in phenotypic traits related to fitness, variation at the molecular level in genes influenced by selection, and variation in the way genes interact with the environment to produce phenotypes of varying plasticity. Of all phenotypic traits examined, variation in body size (or in correlated characters such as growth rates, age of seaward migration or age at sexual maturity) generally shows the highest heritability, as well as a strong effect on fitness. Thus, body size in Atlantic salmon tends to be positively correlated with freshwater and marine survival, as well as with fecundity, egg size, reproductive success, and offspring survival. By contrast, the fitness implications of variation in behavioural traits such as aggression, sheltering behaviour, or timing of migration are largely unkown. The adaptive significance of molecular variation in salmonids is also scant and largely circumstantial, despite extensive molecular screening on these species. Adaptive variation can result in local adaptations (LA) when, among other necessary conditions, populations live in patchy environments, exchange few or no migrants, and are subjected to differential selective pressures. Evidence for LA in Atlantic salmon is indirect and comes mostly from ecological correlates in fitness-related traits, the failure of many translocations, the poor performance of domesticated stocks, results of a few common-garden experiments (where different populations were raised in a common environment in an attempt to dissociate heritable from environmentally induced phenotypic variation), and the pattern of inherited resistance to some parasites and diseases. Genotype x environment interactions occurr for many fitness traits, suggesting that LA might be important. However, the scale and extent of adaptive variation remains poorly understood and probably varies, depending on habitat heterogeneity, environmental stability and the relative roles of selection and drift. As maladaptation often results from phenotype-environment mismatch, we argue that acting as if populations are not locally adapted carries a much greater risk of mismanagement than acting under the assumption for local adaptations when there are none. As such, an evolutionary approach to salmon conservation is required, aimed at maintaining the conditions necessary for natural selection to operate most efficiently and unhindered. This may require minimising alterations to native genotypes and habitats to which populations have likely become adapted, but also allowing for population size to reach or extend beyond carrying capacity to encourage competition and other sources of natural mortality. C1 Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Sci Biol, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF AC1 5S7, Canada. Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway. FRS, Freshwater Lab, Pitlochry PH16 5LB, Perth, Scotland. Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H2V 2S9, Canada. St Petersburg State Univ, Fac Biol & Soil Sci, St Petersburg 199178, Russia. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Atlantic Salmon Trust, Pitlochry PH16 5JQ, Perth, Scotland. Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Scottish Agr Coll, Penicuik EH26 0PH, Midlothian, Scotland. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol & Biochem, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Garcia de Leaniz, C (reprint author), Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Sci Biol, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. EM C.GarciadeLeaniz@swansea.ac.uk RI Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos/B-4396-2011; Aubin-Horth, Nadia/F-3857-2011; Consuegra, Sofia/G-1788-2010; Fleming, Ian/I-7217-2012; Lajus, Dmitry/L-1326-2013 OI Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos/0000-0003-1650-2729; Aubin-Horth, Nadia/0000-0002-9030-634X; Consuegra, Sofia/0000-0003-4403-2509; Lajus, Dmitry/0000-0002-2264-5825 NR 487 TC 181 Z9 185 U1 11 U2 128 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-7931 EI 1469-185X J9 BIOL REV JI Biol. Rev. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 82 IS 2 BP 173 EP 211 DI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2006.00004.x PG 39 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 155UG UT WOS:000245603300001 PM 17437557 ER PT J AU Yeager, LA Krebs, JM McIvor, CC Brame, AB AF Yeager, Lauren A. Krebs, Justin M. McIvor, Carole C. Brame, Adam B. TI Juvenile blue crab abundances in natural and man-made tidal channels in mangrove habitat, Tampa Bay, Florida (USA) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Mangroves as Fish Habitat CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Univ Miami, Miami, FL SP Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci HO Univ Miami ID CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS RATHBUN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SALT-MARSH; NORTHERN GULF; NEKTON USE; TEXAS USA; SEAGRASS; PATTERNS; SUBESTUARY C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Yeager, LA (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM l_yeager@hotmail.com RI Yeager, Lauren/F-8237-2011 OI Yeager, Lauren/0000-0002-6623-0752 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 555 EP 565 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 194PM UT WOS:000248356300008 ER PT J AU Rehage, JS Loftus, WF AF Rehage, Jennifer S. Loftus, William F. TI Seasonal fish community variation in headwater mangrove creeks in the southwestern everglades: An examination of their role as dry-down refuges SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Mangroves as Fish Habitat CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Univ Miami, Miami, FL SP Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci HO Univ Miami ID NORTHEASTERN FLORIDA BAY; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CORAL-REEF FISH; NEARSHORE HABITATS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; TROPICAL AUSTRALIA; JUVENILE FISH; SEAGRASS BEDS; SALT MARSHES; ASSEMBLAGES AB The connectivity between the fish community of estuarine mangroves and that of freshwater habitats upstream remains poorly understood. In the Florida Everglades, mangrove-lined creeks link freshwater marshes to estuarine habitats downstream and may act as dry-season refuges for freshwater fishes. We examined seasonal dynamics in the fish community of ecotonal creeks in the southwestern region of Everglades National Park, specifically Rookery Branch and the North and Watson rivers. Twelve low-order creeks were sampled via electrofishing, gill nets, and minnow traps during the wet season, transition period, and dry season in 2004-2005. Catches were greater in Rookery Branch than in the North and Watson rivers, particularly during the transition period. Community composition varied seasonally in Rookery Branch, and to a greater extent for the larger species, reflecting a pulse of freshwater taxa into creeks as marshes upstream dried periodically. The pulse was short-lived, a later sample showed substantial decreases in freshwater fish numbers. No evidence of a similar influx was seen in the North and Watson rivers, which drain shorter hydroperiod marshes and exhibit higher salinities. These results suggest that head-water creeks can serve as important dry-season refugia. Increased freshwater flow resulting from Everglades restoration may enhance this connectivity. C1 Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Everglades Natl Pk Field Stn, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. RP Rehage, JS (reprint author), Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, 8000 N Ocean Dr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. EM rehage@nova.edu NR 75 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 14 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 625 EP 645 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 194PM UT WOS:000248356300013 ER PT J AU Taylor, DS Reyier, EA McIvor, CC Davis, WP AF Taylor, D. Scott Reyier, Eric A. McIvor, Carole C. Davis, William P. TI An assessment of ichthyofaunal assemblages within the mangal of the Belize offshore cays SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Mangroves as Fish Habitat CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Univ Miami, Miami, FL SP Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci HO Univ Miami ID FRENCH-WEST-INDIES; MANGROVE FORESTS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; JUVENILE FISH; SHALLOW-WATER; ANDROS ISLAND; PUERTO-RICO; REEF FISH; HABITATS; DENSITIES AB We assessed ichthyofaunal diversity within offshore mangrove cays in Belize during three, 2-wk surveys (2003, 2004, 2005). Nine sampling gears were deployed in pre-defined micro-habitats: fringe, transition, dwarf red mangrove, internal creeks, ponds, and sinkholes. Water quality data (temperature, salinity, DO) were taken during most collections. A total of 2586 gear sets was completed and 8131 individuals Collected, comprising 75 taxa. Minnow trap data from the various micro-habitats tested indicates some overlap in assemblages. Significant differences in water quality were also noted, with the fringe representing the most benign and the sink-hole the most harsh microhabitats, respectively. We also conducted extensive visual surveys around the fringe at a number of cays, tallying an additional 67 taxa. The fringe is the most diverse (128 taxa) and sinkhole least (12 species). An overall total of 142 taxa from 55 families has therefore been documented from the Cays, and all but eight were found on Twin Cays alone. This figure is among the highest reported for oceanic mangroves in this biogeographic realm. Our comprehensive approach with a variety of gear-types in a wide range of micro-habitats, combined with visual observation, lends credence to the conclusion that most ichthyological species inventories for the mangal are commonly underestimates. C1 Brevard Cty Environm Endangered Lands Program, Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Taylor, DS (reprint author), Brevard Cty Environm Endangered Lands Program, 91 East Dr, Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. EM staylor@brevardparks.com NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 721 EP 737 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 194PM UT WOS:000248356300016 ER PT J AU Krebs, JM Brame, AB McIvor, CC AF Krebs, Justin M. Brame, Adam B. McIvor, Carole C. TI Altered mangrove wetlands as habitat for estuarine nekton: Are dredged channels and tidal creeks equivalent? SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Mangroves as Fish Habitat CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Univ Miami, Miami, FL SP Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci HO Univ Miami ID FLORIDA SALT MARSHES; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; FISH COMMUNITIES; NORTH-CAROLINA; FLOW REGIMES; BAY; ASSEMBLAGE; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; RESTORATION AB Hasty decisions are often made regarding the restoration of "altered" habitats, when in fact the ecological value of these habitats maybe comparable to natural ones. To assess the "value" of altered mangrove-lined habitats for nekton, we sampled for I yr within three Tampa Bay wetlands. Species composition, abundance, and spatial distribution of nekton assemblages in permanent subtidal portions of natural tidal creeks and wetlands altered by construction of mosquito-control ditches and stormwater-drainage ditches were quantified through seasonal seine sampling. Results of repeated-measures analysis of variance and ordination of nekton community data suggested differences in species composition and abundance between natural and altered habitat, though not consistently among the three wetlands. In many cases, mosquito ditches were more similar in assemblage structure to tidal creeks than to stormwater ditches. In general, mosquito ditches and stormwater ditches were the most dissimilar in terms of nekton community structure. These dissimilarities were likely due to differences in design between the two types of ditches. Mosquito ditches tend to fill in over time and are thus more ephemeral features in the landscape. In contrast, stormwater ditches are a more permanent altered habitat that remain open due to periodic flushing from heavy runoff. Results indicate that environmental conditions (e.g., salinity, current velocity, vegetative structure) may provide a more useful indication of potential habitat "value" for nekton than whether the habitat has been altered. The type of ditching is therefore more important than ditching per se when judging the habitat quality of these altered channels for fishes, shrimps and crabs. Planning should entail careful consideration of environmental conditions rather than simply restoring for restoration's sake. C1 ETI Profess, Tampa, FL 33634 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Krebs, JM (reprint author), ETI Profess, 4902 Eisenhower Blvd,Suite 150, Tampa, FL 33634 USA. EM jkrebs@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 839 EP 861 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 194PM UT WOS:000248356300023 ER PT J AU Taylor, DS Reyier, EA Davis, WP McIvor, CC AF Taylor, D. Scott Reyier, Eric A. Davis, William P. McIvor, Carole C. TI Mangrove removal in the Belize cays: Effects on mangrove-associated fish assemblages in the intertidal and subtidal SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Mangroves as Fish Habitat CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Univ Miami, Miami, FL SP Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci HO Univ Miami ID CORAL-REEF FISHES AB We investigated the effects of mangrove cutting on fish assemblages in Twin Cays, Belize, in two habitat types. We conducted visual censuses at two sites in adjoining undisturbed/disturbed (30%-70% of shoreline fringe removed) sub-tidal fringing Rhizophora mangle Linnaeus, 1753. Observers recorded significantly more species and individuals in undisturbed sites, especially among smaller, schooling species (e.g., atherinids, clupeids), where densities were up to 200 times greater in undisturbed habitat. Multivariate analyses showed distinct species assemblages between habitats at both sites. In addition, extensive trapping with wire minnow traps within the intertidal zone in both undisturbed and disturbed fringing and transition (landward) mangrove forests was conducted. Catch rates were low: 638 individuals from 24 species over 563 trap-nights. Trap data, however, indicated that mangrove disturbance had minimal effect on species composition in either forest type (fringe/ transition). Different results from the two methods (and habitat types) may be explained by two factors: (1) a larger and more detectable species pool in the subtidal habitat, with visual "access" to all species, and (2) the selective nature of trapping. Our data indicate that even partial clearing of shoreline and more landward mangroves can have a significant impact on local fish assemblages. C1 Brevard Cty Environm Endangered Lands Program, Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Taylor, DS (reprint author), Brevard Cty Environm Endangered Lands Program, 91 East Dr, Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. EM staylor@brevardparks.com NR 15 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 879 EP 890 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 194PM UT WOS:000248356300025 ER PT J AU Hart, KM Langtimm, CA McIvor, CC AF Hart, Kristen M. Langtimm, Catherine A. McIvor, Carole C. TI Adult survival, probability of capture, and abundance estimates for mangrove diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) in Everglades National Park, Florida SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 922 EP 922 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 194PM UT WOS:000248356300050 ER PT J AU McIvor, CC Fogel, ML Taylor, DS Davis, W Reyier, E AF McIvor, C. C. Fogel, M. L. Taylor, D. S. Davis, W. Reyier, E. TI Use of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic to infer food sources in Belize offshore mangroves SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, US Geol Serv, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Brevard Cty Environm Endangered Lands Program, Melbourne, FL USA. Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 927 EP 928 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 194PM UT WOS:000248356300067 ER PT J AU Silverman, NL McIvor, CC Krebs, JM Levesque, VA AF Silverman, Noah L. McIvor, Carole C. Krebs, Justin M. Levesque, Victor A. TI Hurricane-induced conversion of mangrove forest to mudflat: Impacts on nekton, Big Sable Creek, Florida SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal & Watershed, St Petersburg, FL USA. ETI Profess, Tampa, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 933 EP 933 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 194PM UT WOS:000248356300083 ER PT J AU Loescher, HW Jacobs, JM Wendroth, O Robinson, DA Poulos, GS McGuire, K Reed, P Mohanty, BP Shanley, JB Krajewski, W AF Loescher, H. W. Jacobs, J. M. Wendroth, O. Robinson, D. A. Poulos, G. S. McGuire, K. Reed, P. Mohanty, B. P. Shanley, J. B. Krajewski, W. TI Enhancing water cycle measurements for future hydrologc research SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SCALES AB The Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences, Inc., established the Hydrologic Measurement Facility to transform watershed-scale hydrologic research by facilitating access to advanced instrumentation and expertise that would not otherwise be available to individual investigators. We outline a committee-based process that determined which suites of instrumentation best fit the needs of the hydrological science community and a proposed mechanism for the governance and distribution of these sensors. Here, we also focus on how these proposed suites of instrumentation can be used to address key scientific challenges, including scaling water cycle science in time and space, broadening the scope of individual subdisciplines of water cycle science, and developing mechanistic linkages among these subdisciplines and spatiotemporal scales. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97311 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NCAR, Observ Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, Devon, England. USDA, Forest Serv, Plymouth, Devon, England. Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77834 USA. US Geol Survey, Montpellier, France. Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Loescher, HW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Coll Forestry, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97311 USA. EM hank.loescher@oregonstate.edu RI Robinson, David/A-6287-2010; Reed, Patrick/E-4435-2014; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010 OI Robinson, David/0000-0001-7290-4867; Reed, Patrick/0000-0002-7963-6102; McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 88 IS 5 BP 669 EP 676 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-5-669 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 175CQ UT WOS:000246990600015 ER PT J AU Bentzen, TW Follmann, EH Amstrup, SC York, GS Wooller, MJ O'Hara, TM AF Bentzen, T. W. Follmann, E. H. Amstrup, S. C. York, G. S. Wooller, M. J. O'Hara, T. M. TI Variation in winter diet of southern Beaufort Sea polar bears inferred from stable isotope analysis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHALES BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; MARINE FOOD-WEB; URSUS-MARITIMUS; PHOCA-HISPIDA; NITROGEN-ISOTOPE; RINGED SEALS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; HABITAT SELECTION; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; CARBON ISOTOPES AB Ringed seals (Phoca hispida Schreber, 1775 = Pusa hispida (Schreber, 1775)) and bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben, 1777)) represent the majority of the polar bear (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) annual diet. However, remains of lower trophic level bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus L., 1758) are available in the southern Beaufort Sea and their dietary contribution to polar bears has been unknown. We used stable isotope (C-13/C-12, delta C-13, N-15/N-14, and delta N-15) analysis to determine the diet composition of polar bears sampled along Alaska's Beaufort Sea coast in March and April 2003 and 2004. The mean delta N-15 values of polar bear blood cells were 19.5 parts per thousand (SD = 0.7 parts per thousand) in 2003 and 19.9 parts per thousand (SD = 0.7 parts per thousand) in 2004. Mixing models indicated bowhead whales composed 11%-26% (95% CI) of the diets of sampled polar bears in 2003, and 0%-14% (95% CI) in 2004. This suggests significant variability in the proportion of lower trophic level prey in polar bear diets among individuals and between years. Polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals, and the temporal and spatial availabilities of sea ice are projected to decline. Consumption of low trophic level foods documented here suggests bears may increasingly scavenge such foods in the future. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Bentzen, TW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM fstwb@uaf.edu OI Wooller, Matthew/0000-0002-5065-4235 NR 89 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 9 U2 63 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 85 IS 5 BP 596 EP 608 DI 10.1139/Z07-036 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 192SP UT WOS:000248223600002 ER PT J AU Piedra, R Velez, E Dutton, P Possardt, E Padillas, C AF Piedra, Rotney Velez, Elizabeth Dutton, Peter Possardt, Earl Padillas, Clara TI Nesting of the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) from 1999-2000 through 2003-2004 at Playa Langosta, Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas de Guanacaste, Costa Rica SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; Dermochelys coriacea; marine turtle; nesting; hatching success; remigration; conservation; Costa Rica AB Playa Langosta is 1 of 3 nesting beaches in Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas de Guanacaste, and is 1.3-km long. The 3 beaches (Langosta, Grande, and Ventanas) represent over 6 km of leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) nesting. The use of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags allowed us to identify each leatherback that nested at Playa Langosta. A total of 252 individual leatherbacks nested between the 1999-2000 and 2003-2004 nesting seasons. Of these, 63% (n = 158) were new turtles (untagged before), and 50 % (n = 79) of the new turtles were originally PIT tagged on Playa Langosta. The majority of these turtles (54%) nested only on Playa Langosta, whereas a slightly smaller percentage (46%) nested at both Playa Grande and Playa Langosta. We recorded 904 encounters and 792 nests at Playa Langosta for the 5 nesting seasons of this study. Leatherbacks nesting at Playa Langosta ranged in curved carapace length from 125 to 164 cm and in curved carapace width, from 90 to 116 cm. Average internesting period was 9.6 days. For the first 4 seasons, data from excavated nests showed a decrease in percentage of hatching success from 68.9% to 30.4% in natural nesting conditions. A dramatic decline in emergence success from 57.2% to 9.3% occurred for these respective seasons. For the last 3 seasons, the hatching success of leatherback turtles in relocated nests was 52.4%, 18.9%, and 51.4%. C1 Minist Ambiente & Energia, Parque Nacl Marino Las Baulas Guanacaste, Playa Grande, Costa Rica. Leatherback Turtle Conservat Project Playa Langos, Parque Nacl Marino Las Baulas, Playa Grande, Costa Rica. Goldring Marine Biol Stn, Playa Grande, Costa Rica. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ W Georgia, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carrollton, GA 30108 USA. Leatherback Trust, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Piedra, R (reprint author), Minist Ambiente & Energia, Parque Nacl Marino Las Baulas Guanacaste, Playa Grande, Costa Rica. EM baulasrp@yahoo.com; evbaulas@yahoo.com; peter.dutton@noaa.gov; earl_possardt@fws.gov; clarits@hotmail.com NR 18 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 6 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.2744/1071-8443(2007)6[111:NOTLTD]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 177OI UT WOS:000247162000013 ER PT J AU Chen, H Chen, LJ Albright, TP AF Chen Hao Chen LiJun Albright, Thomas P. TI Predicting the potential distribution of invasive exotic species using GIS and information-theoretic approaches: A case of ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) distribution in China SO CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE invasive exotic species; potential distribution; Information Theory; Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC); logistic regression; Frequency Statistic; GIS ID KULLBACK-LEIBLER INFORMATION; SELECTION; ECOLOGY; MODELS; ASTHMA AB Invasive exotic species pose a growing threat to the economy, public health, and ecological integrity of nations worldwide. Explaining and predicting the spatial distribution of invasive exotic species is of great importance to prevention and early warning efforts. We are investigating the potential distribution of invasive exotic species, the environmental factors that influence these distributions, and the ability to predict them using statistical and information-theoretic approaches. For some species, detailed presence/absence occurrence data are available, allowing the use of a variety of standard statistical techniques. However, for most species, absence data are not available. Presented with the challenge of developing a model based on presence-only information, we developed an improved logistic regression approach using Information Theory and Frequency Statistics to produce a relative suitability map. This paper generated a variety of distributions of ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) from logistic regression models applied to herbarium specimen location data and a suite of GIS layers including climatic, topographic, and land cover information. Our logistic regression model was based on Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) from a suite of ecologically reasonable predictor variables. Based on the results we provided a new Frequency Statistical method to compartmentalize habitat-suitability in the native range. Finally, we used the model and the compartmentalized criterion developed in native ranges to "project" a potential distribution onto the exotic ranges to build habitat-suitability maps. C1 Wuhan Univ, Sch Remote Sensing Informat Engn, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Natl Geomat Ctr China, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. USGS Ctr EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Chen, LJ (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Sch Remote Sensing Informat Engn, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. EM chenlj@nsdi.gov.cn NR 23 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 16 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6538 J9 CHINESE SCI BULL JI Chin. Sci. Bull. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 52 IS 9 BP 1223 EP 1230 DI 10.1007/s11434-007-0192-2 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 183AT UT WOS:000247545800012 ER PT J AU Clements, S Schreck, CB AF Clements, S. Schreck, C. B. TI Chronic administration of fluoxetine alters locomotor behavior, but does not potentiate the locomotor stimulating effects of CRH in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stress; chronic; locomotor; behavior; salmon; fluoxetine; CRH; CRF; serotonin ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; BRAIN SEROTONERGIC ACTIVITY; DORSAL RAPHE NUCLEUS; CHRONIC MILD STRESS; FREELY MOVING CATS; SWIMMING ACTIVITY; FACTOR RECEPTORS; FEMALE RATS; AUTORADIOGRAPHIC ANALYSES; 5-HT1A RECEPTORS AB The present study investigated: 1) the behavioral effects of chronic administration of a serotonin uptake inhibitor (fluoxetine) in juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and, 2) whether chronic administration of fluoxetine alters the behavioral effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Chronic (20 day) treatment with fluoxetine decreased locomotor activity when compared to fish given long-term injections of saline. An intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of CRH had no effect on locomotor activity following a 20 day intraperitoneal treatment with either saline or fluoxetine. Chronic treatment with fluoxetine also increased the amount of time fish spent near the center of the tank. A similar increase was seen in fish given a chronic intraperitoneal (IP) series of saline followed by an acute ICV injection of CRH. However, the effect was not additive when fish were given chronic IP injections of fluoxetine followed by an acute ICV injection of CRH. These results provide evidence to support the hypothesis that the serotonergic system is involved in mediating locomotor activity and habitat choice in teleosts. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, USGS CBS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Clements, S (reprint author), 300 Wakefield Quay, Nelson, New Zealand. EM ClementsS@crop.cri.nz NR 70 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 147 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.11.011 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 161DY UT WOS:000245995700006 PM 17303457 ER PT J AU Lee, L Helsel, D AF Lee, Lopaka Helsel, Dennis TI Statistical analysis of water-quality data containing multiple detection limits II: S-language software for nonparametric distribution modeling and hypothesis testing SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE censored data; Kaplan-Meier; survival analysis; R; S-plus AB Analysis of low concentrations of trace contaminants in environmental media often results in left-censored data that are below some limit of analytical precision. Interpretation of values becomes complicated when there are multiple detection limits in the data-perhaps as a result of changing analytical precision over time. Parametric and semi-parametric methods, such as maximum likelihood estimation and robust regression on order statistics, can be employed to model distributions of multiply censored data and provide estimates of summary statistics. However, these methods are based on assumptions about the underlying distribution of data. Nonparametric methods provide an alternative that does not require such assumptions. A standard nonparametric method for estimating summary statistics of multiply-censored data is the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method. This method has seen widespread usage in the medical sciences within a general framework termed "survival analysis" where it is employed with right-censored time-to-failure data. However, K-M methods are equally valid for the left-censored data common in the geosciences. Our S-language software provides an analytical framework based on K-M methods that is tailored to the needs of the earth and environmental sciences community. This includes routines for the generation of empirical cumulative distribution functions, prediction or exceedance probabilities, and related confidence limits computation. Additionally, our software contains K-M-based routines for nonparametric hypothesis testing among an unlimited number of grouping variables. A primary characteristic of K-M methods is that they do not perform extrapolation and interpolation. Thus, these routines cannot be used to model statistics beyond the observed data range or when linear interpolation is desired. For such applications, the aforementioned parametric and semi-parametric methods must be used. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Lee, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rclee@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 IS 5 BP 696 EP 704 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2006.09.006 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 169RT UT WOS:000246610100009 ER PT J AU Auer, SK Bassar, RD Fontaine, JJ Martin, TE AF Auer, Sonya K. Bassar, Ronald D. Fontaine, Joseph J. Martin, Thomas E. TI Breeding biology of passerines in a subtropical Montane forest in northwestern Argentina SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Argentina; breeding biology; life history; passerines; Yungas forest ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; CLUTCH-SIZE; DEVELOPMENTAL RATES; PREDATION; SUCCESS; INCUBATION; FOOD; DIVERSITY AB The breeding ecology of south temperate bird species is less widely known than that of north temperate species, yet because they comprise a large portion of the world's avian diversity, knowledge of their breeding ecology can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the geographic diversity of avian reproductive traits and life history strategies. We provide the first detailed examination of the reproductive strategies of 18 forest passerines of subtropical, northwestern Argentina. Mean clutch sizes were smaller and egg mass was greater than for north temperate birds, but differed among species and nest types, with cavity-nesters having larger clutches than species with open-cup and enclosed nests. Across all species, the average breeding season duration was 50 days; thus, the common perception that southern species have smaller clutch sizes because of longer breeding seasons is not supported in this community. Daily nest predation rates were influenced by nest type, cavity nests suffering the least from predation, as found in north temperate systems. Only females incubated eggs in all but one species, whereas both parents fed and cared for nestlings in all species. Mean nest attentiveness was low compared to north temperate passerines. Mean hourly nestling feeding rates differed among species and were negatively related to nest predation risk. In short, coexisting species in this subtropical forest varied in their life history strategies, in part correlated with variation in nest predation risk, but also differing from north temperate species. C1 Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Auer, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM myioborus@yahoo.com RI Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010; Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156; Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 53 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 19 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2007 VL 109 IS 2 BP 321 EP 333 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[321:BBOPIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 169PK UT WOS:000246603900008 ER PT J AU Sogge, MK Koronkiewicz, TJ van Riper, C Durst, SL AF Sogge, Mark K. Koronkiewicz, Thomas J. van Riper, Charles, III Durst, Scott L. TI Willow flycatcher nonbreeding territory defense behavior in Costa Rica SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE agonistic behaviors; Costa Rica; Empidonax traillii; female song; vocalizations; Willow Flycatcher; winter territoriality ID SITE FIDELITY; MIGRANT; WARBLERS; JAMAICA; COLOR AB We studied the intraspecific territorial defense behavior of wintering Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii) in Costa Rica using a randomized playback experiment that exposed male and female birds to recordings of Willow Flycatcher songs and calls, Lesser Ground Cuckoo (Morococcyx erythropygius) vocalizations, and random noise. Flycatchers of both sexes responded most strongly to simulated conspecific territory intrusion, and the agonistic behaviors that we observed were similar to those seen during natural intraspecific encounters in winter. Both males and females engaged in song and aggressive behaviors in defense of territories, and there was no significant difference between the sexes in scored agonistic responses. The similarity between the sexes in intraspecific territorial defense behaviors and aggressiveness may account for both sexes of flycatchers using the same habitats at our study sites in Costa Rica, and wintering females defending territories against males. The Willow Flycatcher, a sexually monomorphic species, differs in this way from a number of sexually dimorphic passerines, in which behaviorally dominant males occur in more optimal winter habitats. C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Koronkiewicz, TJ (reprint author), SWCA, 114 N San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM tkoronkiewicz@swca.com NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2007 VL 109 IS 2 BP 475 EP 480 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[475:WFNTDB]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 169PK UT WOS:000246603900024 ER PT J AU Pierson, TC AF Pierson, Thomas C. TI Dating young geomorphic surfaces using age of colonizing Douglas fir in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon, USA SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE dendrogeomorphology; landform dating; ecesis; Douglas fir; Pacific Northwest ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; PLANT SUCCESSION; ERUPTION; DEPOSITION; VOLCANISM; MUDFLOW AB Dating of dynamic, young (<500 years) geomorphic landforms, particularly volcanofluvial features, requires higher precision than is possible with radiocarbon dating. Minimum ages of recently created landforms have long been obtained from tree-ring ages of the oldest trees growing on new surfaces. But to estimate the year of landform creation requires that two time corrections be added to tree ages obtained from increment cores: (1) the time interval between stabilization of the new landform surface and germination of the sampled trees (germination lag time or GLT); and (2) the interval between seedling germination and growth to sampling height, if the trees are not cored at ground level. The sum of these two time intervals is the colonization time gap (CTG). Such time corrections have been needed for more precise dating of terraces and floodplains in lowland river valleys in the Cascade Range, where significant eruption-induced lateral shifting and vertical aggradation of channels can occur over years to decades, and where timing of such geomorphic changes can be critical to emergency planning. Earliest colonizing Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were sampled for tree-ring dating at eight sites on lowland (<750 m a.s.l.), recently formed surfaces of known age near three Cascade volcanoes - Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens and Mount Hood - in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon. Increment cores or stem sections were taken at breast height and, where possible, at ground level from the largest, oldest-looking trees at each study site. At least ten trees were sampled at each site unless the total of early colonizers was less. Results indicate that a correction of four years should be used for GLT and 10 years for CTG if the single largest (and presumed oldest) Douglas fir growing on a surface of unknown age is sampled. This approach would have a potential error of up to 20 years. Error can be reduced by sampling the five largest Douglas fir instead of the single largest. A GLT correction of 5 years should be added to the mean ring-count age of the five largest trees growing on the surface being dated, if the trees are cored at ground level. This correction would have an approximate error of +/- 5 years. If the trees are cored at about 1-4 m above the ground surface (breast height), a CTG correction of 11 years should be added to the mean age of the five sampled trees (with an error of about +/- 7 years). Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Pierson, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM tpierson@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 32 IS 6 BP 811 EP 831 DI 10.1002/esp.1445 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 171HH UT WOS:000246726000001 ER PT J AU Burke, BC Heimsath, AM White, AF AF Burke, Benjamin C. Heimsath, Arjun M. White, Arthur F. TI Coupling chemical weathering with soil production across soil-mantled landscapes SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE saprolite; pH; landscape evolution; weathering indices; erosion ID PROCESS-BASED MODEL; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; PUERTO-RICO; LONG-TERM; HONG-KONG; SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA; MASS-BALANCE; RATES AB Soil-covered upland landscapes constitute a critical part of the habitable world. Our understanding of how they evolve as a function of different climatic, tectonic and geological regimes is important across a wide range of disciplines and depends, in part, on understanding the links between chemical and physical weathering processes. Extensive previous work has shown that soil production rates decrease with increasing soil column thickness, but chemical weathering rates were not measured. Here we examine a granitic, soil-mantled hillslope at Point Reyes, California, where soil production rates were determined using in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides (Be-10 and Al-26), and we quantify the extent as well as the rates of chemical weathering of the saprolite from beneath soil from across the landscape. We collected saprolite samples from the base of soil pits and analysed them for abrasion pH as well as for major and trace elements by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and for clay mineralogy by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Our results show for the first time that chemical weathering rates decrease with increasing soil thickness and account for 13 to 51 per cent of total denudation. We also show that spatial variation in chemical weathering appears to be topographically controlled: weathering rate decreases with slope across the divergent ridge and increases with upslope contributing area in the convergent swale. Furthermore, to determine the best measure for the extent of saprolite weathering, we compared four different chemical weathering indices - the Vogt ratio, the chemical index of alteration (CIA), Parker's index, and the silicon-aluminium ratio - with saprolite pH. Measurements of the CIA were the most closely correlated with saprolite pH, showing that weathering intensity decreases linearly with an increase in saprolite pH from 4 center dot 7 to almost 7. Data presented here are among the first to couple directly rates of soil production and chemical weathering with how topography is likely to control weathering at a hillslope scale. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Heimsath, AM (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, 6105 Fairchild Hall, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM arjun.heimsath@clartmouth.edu NR 56 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 27 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 32 IS 6 BP 853 EP 873 DI 10.1002/esp.1443 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 171HH UT WOS:000246726000004 ER PT J AU Luco, N Cornell, CA AF Luco, Nicolas Cornell, C. Allin TI Structure-specific scalar intensity measures for near-source and ordinary earthquake ground motions SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID CONNECTIONS; FRAMES AB Introduced in this paper are several alternative ground-motion intensity measures (IMs) that are intended for use in assessing the seismic performance of a structure at a site susceptible to near-source and/or ordinary ground motions. A comparison of such IMs is facilitated by defining the "efficiency" and "sufficiency" of an IM, both of which are criteria necessary for ensuring the accuracy of the structural performance assessment. The efficiency and sufficiency of each alternative IM, which are quantified via (i) nonlinear dynamic analyses of the structure under a suite of earthquake records and (ii) linear regression analysis, are demonstrated for the drift response of three different moderate- to long-period buildings subjected to suites of ordinary and of near-source earthquake records. One of the alternative IMs in particular is found to be relatively efficient and sufficient for the range of buildings considered and for both the near-source and ordinary ground motions. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Luco, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 41 TC 214 Z9 229 U1 3 U2 17 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 357 EP 392 DI 10.1193/1.2723158 PG 36 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 205AM UT WOS:000249085100005 ER PT J AU Goldfarb, RJ Hart, C Davis, G Groves, D AF Goldfarb, Richard J. Hart, Craig Davis, Greg Groves, David TI East Asian gold: Deciphering the anomaly of phanerozoic gold in precambrian cratons SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; NORTH CHINA CRATON; ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS; DEFORMATION HISTORY; OROGENIC GOLD; DEPOSITS; PROVINCE; MINERALIZATION; GEOCHRONOLOGY; TECTONICS AB Early Cretaceous orogenic gold deposits in eastern Asia are globally unique in that large Phanerozoic lode gold deposits occur in Archean-Paleoproterozoic cratons. In the northern Pacific region, ca. 125 Ma orogenic gold deposits in the North China, Yangzte, and Siberian craton margins, as well as in young terranes in California, may ultimately relate to the giant Cretaceous mantle plume in the southern Pacific basin and the relatively rapid tectonic consequences along both continental margins from resulting Pacific plate reconfigurations. In eastern Asia, such consequences include reactivation of and fluid flow along major fault systems, with fluid focusing into simultaneonsly forming, isolated core complexes of uncertain genesis. Deposition of gold ores in previously devolatilized high-grade Precambrian metamorphic rocks requires an exotic source of ore fluid, most likely subducted Mesozoic oceanic crust and/or ovedlying sediment. An implication is that Phanerozoic metamorphic core complexes in other destabilized craton margins Could host large gold resources. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Western Australia, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Goldfarb, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM goldfarb@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 61 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 27 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 102 IS 3 BP 341 EP 345 DI 10.2113/gsecongeo.102.3.341 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 208QC UT WOS:000249333300001 ER PT J AU Schmitt, CJ Brumbaugh, WG May, TW AF Schmitt, Christopher J. Brumbaugh, William G. May, Thomas W. TI Accumulation of metals in fish from lead-zinc mining areas of southeastern Missouri, USA SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE metals; mining; lead; cadmium; zinc; cobalt; nickel; stoneroller; longear sunfish; hog sucker ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CLARK-FORK RIVER; COEUR-DALENE RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; NORTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA; CUTTHROAT TROUT; MINE TAILINGS; COBALT; TOXICITY; CADMIUM AB The potential effects of proposed lead-zinc mining in an ecologically sensitive area were assessed by studying a nearby mining district that has been exploited for about 30yr under contemporary environmental regulations and with modern technology. Blood and liver samples representing fish of three species (largescale stoneroller, Campostoma oligolepis, n = 91; longear sunfish, Lepomis megalotis, n = 105; and northern hog sucker, Hypentelium nigricans, n = 20) were collected from 16 sites representing a range of conditions relative to lead-zinc mining and ore beneficiation in southeastern Missouri. Samples were analyzed for lead, zinc, and cadmium, and for a suite of biomarkers (reported in a companion paper). A subset of the hog sucker (n = 9) representing three sites were also analyzed for nickel and cobalt. Blood and liver lead concentrations were highly correlated (r = 0.84-0.85, P < 0.01) in all three species and were significantly (ANOVA, P < 0.01) greater at sites < 10 km downstream of active lead-zinc mines and mills and in a historical lead zinc mining area than at reference sites, including a site in the area proposed for new mining. Correlations between blood and liver cadmium concentrations were less evident than for lead but were nevertheless statistically significant (r = 0.26-0.69, P < 0.01-0.07). Although blood and liver cadmium concentrations were highest in all three species at sites near mines, within-site variability was greater and mining-related trends were less evident than for lead. Blood and liver zinc concentrations were significantly correlated only in stoneroller (r = 0.46, P < 0.01) and mining-related trends were not evident. Concentrations of cobalt and nickel in blood and liver were significantly higher (ANOVA, P < 0.01) at a site near an active mine than at a reference site and a site in the historical lead-zinc mining area. These findings confirm previous studies indicating that lead and other metals are released to streams from active lead-zinc mines and are available for uptake by aquatic organisms. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CERC, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Schmitt, CJ (reprint author), CERC, US Geol Survey, 4209 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM cjschmitt@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 67 IS 1 BP 14 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.11.002 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 168MW UT WOS:000246529700002 PM 17306371 ER PT J AU Schmitt, CJ Whyte, JJ Roberts, AP Annis, ML May, TW Tillitt, DE AF Schmitt, Christopher J. Whyte, Jeffrey J. Roberts, Aaron P. Annis, Mandy L. May, Thomas W. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Biomarkers of metals exposure in fish from lead-zinc mining areas of Southeastern Missouri, USA SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity; lead; cadmium; zinc; cobalt; nickel; hemoglobin; zinc protoporphyrin; metallothionein; lipid peroxidation ID AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID DEHYDRATASE; CARP CARASSIUS-CUVIERI; COEUR-DALENE RIVER; ALA-D ACTIVITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; BLOOD LEAD; HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; METALLOTHIONEIN ISOFORMS; COBALT-PROTOPORPHYRIN; NORTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA AB The potential effects of proposed lead-zinc mining in an ecologically sensitive area were assessed by studying a nearby mining district that has been exploited for about 30y under contemporary environmental regulations and with modern technology. Blood and liver samples representing fish of three species (largescale stoneroller, Campostoma oliyolepis, n = 91; longear sunfish, Lepomis megalotis, n = 105; and northern hog sucker, Hypentelium nigricans, n = 20) from 16 sites representing a range of conditions relative to mining activities were collected. Samples were analyzed for metals (also reported in a companion paper) and for biomarkers of metals exposure [erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity; concentrations of zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), iron, and hemoglobin (Hb) in blood; and hepatic metallothionein (MT) gene expression and lipid peroxidation]. Blood lead concentrations were significantly higher and ALA-D activity significantly lower in all species at sites nearest to active lead-zinc mines and in a stream contaminated by historical mining than at reference or downstream sites. ALA-D activity was also negatively correlated with blood lead concentrations in all three species but not with other metals. Iron and Hb concentrations were positively correlated in all three species, but were not correlated with any other metals in blood or liver in any species. MT gene expression was positively correlated with liver zinc concentrations, but neither MT nor lipid peroxidase differences among fish grouped according to lead concentrations were statistically significant. ZPP was not detected by hematofluorometry in most fish, but fish with detectable ZPP were from sites affected by mining. Collectively, these results confirm that metals are released to streams from active lead-zinc mining sites and are accumulated by fish. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CERC, US Geol Survey, ASci Corp, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Schmitt, CJ (reprint author), CERC, US Geol Survey, ASci Corp, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM cjschmitt@usgs.gov NR 92 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 67 IS 1 BP 31 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.12.011 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 168MW UT WOS:000246529700003 PM 17335901 ER PT J AU Craig, JM Chriscinske, MA AF Craig, Jaquelyn M. Chriscinske, Margret A. TI First record of ithytrichia (Trichoptera : Hydroptilidae) in Michigan, USA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Craig, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM jcraig@usgs.gov; mchriscinske@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 118 IS 3 BP 313 EP 314 DI 10.3157/0013-872X(2007)118[313:FROITH]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 196SS UT WOS:000248502900015 ER PT J AU Bergquist, E Evangelista, P Stohlgren, TJ Alley, N AF Bergquist, E. Evangelista, P. Stohlgren, T. J. Alley, N. TI Invasive species and coal bed methane development in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE coal bed methane; non-native species; Powder River Basin ID SAGE-GROUSE; GRAZING INTENSITY; PLANT DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL CHANGE; LAND-COVER; CLASSIFICATION; LANDSCAPE; INVASIBILITY; DISTURBANCE AB One of the fastest growing areas of natural gas production is coal bed methane (CBM) due to the large monetary returns and increased demand for energy from consumers. The Powder River Basin, Wyoming is one of the most rapidly expanding areas of CBM development with projections of the establishment of up to 50,000 wells. CBM disturbances may make the native ecosystem more susceptible to invasion by non-native species, but there are few studies that have been conducted on the environmental impacts of this type of resource extraction. To evaluate the potential effects of CBM development on native plant species distribution and patterns of non-native plant invasion, 36 modified Forest Inventory and Analysis plots (each comprised of four 168-m(2) subplots) were established in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. There were 73 168-m(2) subplots on control sites; 42 subplots on secondary disturbances; 14 on major surface disturbances; eight on well pads; and seven on sites downslope of CBM wells water discharge points. Native plant species cover ranged from 39.5 +/- 2.7% (mean +/- 1 SE) in the secondary disturbance subplots to 17.7 +/- 7.5% in the pad subplots. Non-native plant species cover ranged from 31.0 +/- 8.4% in the discharge areas to 14.7 +/- 8.9% in the pad subplots. The control subplots had significantly less non-native species richness than the combined disturbance types. The combined disturbance subplots had significantly greater soil salinity than the control sites. These results suggest that CBM development and associated disturbances may facilitate the establishment of non-native plants. Future research and management decisions should consider the accumulative landscape-scale effects of CBM development on preserving native plant diversity. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bergquist, E (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM bergquistesu@yahoo.com RI Evangelista, Paul/F-4801-2011; Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016 NR 65 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 128 IS 1-3 BP 381 EP 394 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9321-7 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 163HE UT WOS:000246149900033 PM 17016748 ER PT J AU Crotea, MN Luoma, SN AF Crotea, Marie-Noele Luoma, Samuel N. TI Characterizing dissolved Cu and Cd uptake in terms of the biotic ligand and biodynamics using enriched stable isotopes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; WATER BIVALVE CORBICULA; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; TRACE-ELEMENT UPTAKE; GILL METAL-BINDING; COPPER ACCUMULATION; SOFT-WATER; MODEL; CADMIUM; CALCIUM AB The biotic ligand model considers the biological and geochemical complexities that affect metal exposure. It relates toxicity to the fraction of physiological active sites impacted by reactive metal species. The biodynamic model is a complementary construct that predicts bioaccumulation and assumes that toxicity occurs when influx rates exceed rates of loss and detoxification. In this paper we presume that metal influx rates are mechanistically the resulting processes that characterize transmembrane transport. We use enriched stable isotopes to characterize, both in terms of the biotic ligand and biodynamics, dissolved metal uptake by a freshwater snail at water hardness varying up to 180-fold. Upon 24 h exposure, metal uptake was linear over a range encompassing most environmental concentrations; although saturation kinetics were observed at higher concentrations. Cadmium influx rates correlate with changes in the affinity of the biotic ligand, whereas those of Cu correlate with changes in both site affinity and capacity. A relationship between metal influx rate and ligand character asks whether toxicity is the result of accumulation at the biotic ligand or the rate at which metal is transported by that ligand. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Crotea, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcroteau@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 9 BP 3140 EP 3145 DI 10.1021/es0615122 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166HZ UT WOS:000246371100023 PM 17539517 ER PT J AU Muller, JK Scarborough, JE Sepulveda, MS Casella, G Gross, TS Borgert, CJ AF Muller, Jennifer K. Scarborough, Janet E. Sepulveda, Maria S. Casella, George Gross, Timothy S. Borgert, Christopher J. TI Dose verification after topical treatment of alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) eggs SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alligator mississippiensis; reptile; in ovo exposure; method validation; organochlorine pesticide ID SEX DETERMINATION; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; TURTLES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; DISRUPTION; REVERSAL AB Numerous studies have used temperature-dependent sex determination in reptilian eggs to investigate potential developmental effects of exogenously applied substances. However, few studies have measured the dose carried across the eggshell. We report embryonic mortality and internal egg concentrations determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry two weeks after exposure of American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) eggs to chlorinated organic pesticides via injection or topical application. Puncturing the eggshell for injection produced high mortality compared with unpunctured controls; therefore, further evaluation of this method was abandoned. Although higher than controls, mortality was much lower in eggs treated topically than in those injected. Transfer of chemicals across the eggshell was very low, highly variable, and did not correlate with the applied dose after topical application. These results are consistent with previous reports in the literature, casting doubt on whether a reproducible internal dose can be achieved in reptilian eggs by topical treatment. C1 Appl Pharmacol & Toxicol Inc, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Borgert, CJ (reprint author), Appl Pharmacol & Toxicol Inc, 2250 NW 24th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. EM cjborgert@apt-pharmatox.com RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES07375] NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 908 EP 913 DI 10.1897/06-286R.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 157VM UT WOS:000245749500011 PM 17521136 ER PT J AU McLeod, PB Van den Heuvel-Greve, MJ Luoma, SN Luthy, RG AF McLeod, Pamela B. Van den Heuvel-Greve, Martine J. Luoma, Samuel N. Luthy, Richard G. TI Biological uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls by Macoma balthica from sediment amended with activated carbon SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biodynamic modeling; polychlorinated biphenyls; activated carbon amendment; bioaccumulation; uptake routes ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PAH BIOAVAILABILITY; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; REDUCE PCB; FOOD-CHAIN; BIOACCUMULATION; SORPTION; MODEL; WATER; CLAM AB This work characterizes the efficacy of activated carbon amendment in reducing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) bioavailability to clams (Macoma balthica) from field-contaminated sediment (Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, San Francisco Bay, CA, USA). Test methods were developed for the use of clams to investigate the effects of sediment amendment on biological uptake. Sediment was mixed with activated carbon for one month. Bioaccumulation tests (28 d) were employed to assess the relationships between carbon dose and carbon particle size on observed reductions in clam biological uptake of PCBs. Extraction and cleanup protocols were developed for the clam tissue. Efficacy of activated carbon treatment was found to increase with both increasing carbon dose and decreasing carbon particle size. Average reductions in bioaccumulation of 22, 64, and 84% relative to untreated Hunters Point sediment were observed for carbon amendments of 0.34, 1.7, and 3.4%, respectively. Average bioaccumulation reductions of 41, 73, and 89% were observed for amendments (dose = 1.7% dry wt) with carbon particles of 180 to 250, 75 to 180, and 25 to 75 mu m, respectively, in diameter, indicating kinetic phenomena in these tests. Additionally, a biodynamic model quantifying clam PCB uptake from water and sediment as well as loss through elimination provided a good fit of experimental data. Model predictions suggest that the sediment ingestion route contributed 80 to 95% of the PCB burdens in the clams. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RIKZ, Natl Inst Coastal & Marine Management, NL-4330 Middelburg, Netherlands. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Luthy, RG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM luthy@stanford.edu NR 27 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 980 EP 987 DI 10.1897/06-278R1.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 157VM UT WOS:000245749500021 PM 17521146 ER PT J AU Beyer, WN Gaston, G Brazzle, R O'Connell, AF Audet, DJ AF Beyer, W. Nelson Gaston, Greg Brazzle, Roy O'Connell, Allan F., Jr. Audet, Dan J. TI Deer exposed to exceptionally high concentrations of lead near the Continental Mine in Idaho, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lead; deer; mining; tailings; exposure ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SOIL INGESTION; HEAVY-METALS; MULE DEER; COLORADO; FORAGE; LAND AB Habitat surrounding the inactive Continental Mine in northern Idaho, USA, supports bear (Ursus arctos, Ursus americanus), moose (Alces alces), elk (Cervus elaphus), woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), and abundant mule (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Tailings on the mining site were capped and remediated in 2003 to reduce environmental exposure of surrounding soil and sediments of Blue Joe Creek, downslope of the mine. Before capping, the mean Pb concentration in deer pellets collected on-site was 920 mg/kg of Pb (dry wt). This exposure, if chronic, would be comparable to an exposure that could be lethal to cattle or horses. Surprisingly, the mean pellet Pb concentration of 950 mg/kg in 2004 was as high as it was before remediation, and it was related to a high rate of soil ingestion. Mean soil content of the pellets collected from the capped site in 2004 was 22% dry weight, estimated from the acid-insoluble ash, a marker of soil ingestion. Clumps of sand and bits of rock were observed inside some of the pellets, and Pb concentrations in the pellets were correlated (p < 0.05) with soil content. Although terrestrial risk assessments generally estimate exposure from diets and from incidentally ingested soil, the deer at this site were directly ingesting contaminated soil or mining waste. The mean Pb concentration of this ingested soil was estimated as 6,700 mg/kg and the maximum as 25,000 mg/kg, well above the Pb concentrations measured in the remediated cap. The deer seemed to be ingesting soil or mining waste from one or more small but highly contaminated sources located beyond the remediated cap. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Columbia Fish & Wildlife Serv Off, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Spokane, WA USA. RP Beyer, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nbeyer@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1040 EP 1046 DI 10.1897/06-304R.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 157VM UT WOS:000245749500029 PM 17521153 ER PT J AU Kenow, KP Meyer, MW Hines, RK Karasov, WH AF Kenow, Kevin P. Meyer, Michael W. Hines, Randy K. Karasov, William H. TI Distribution and accumulation of mercury in tissues of captive-reared common loon (Gavia immer) chicks SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE accumulation; common loon; Gavia immer; methylmercury; tissue partitioning ID METHYL MERCURY; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; CHEMICAL FORM; METHYLMERCURY; EXPOSURE; CANADA; FEATHERS; BLOOD; REPRODUCTION AB We determined the distribution and accumulation of Hg in tissues of common loon (Gavia immer) chicks maintained for up to 15 weeks on either a control diet with no added methylmercury chloride (MeHgCl) or one containing either 0.4 or 1.2 mu g Hg (as MeHgCl)/g wet-weight food. Total Hg and MeHg tissue concentrations were strongly positively correlated (r(2) > 0.95) with the amount of Hg delivered to individual chicks throughout the course of the experiment. The pattern of differential Hg concentration in internal tissues was consistent within each treatment: Liver > kidney > muscle > carcass > brain. Feather Hg concentrations were consistently higher than those of internal tissues and represented an important route of Hg elimination. Feather mass accounted for 4.3% +/- 0.1% (average +/- standard error) of body mass, yet 27.3% +/- 2.6% of total Hg intake was excreted into feathers. Our calculations indicate that 26.7% +/- 4.9% of ingested Hg was not accounted for and, thus, either was never absorbed or was absorbed and subsequently eliminated in feces. With the additional excretion into feathers, 54% of ingested Hg was excreted. Demethylation was evident in the liver at all treatment levels and in the kidneys of chicks dosed at 01.2 mu g Hg/g. Mercury concentrations were strongly positively correlated (r(2) >= 0.95) among internal tissues and with blood Hg concentration. Mercury concentrations of secondary feathers were moderately correlated (r(2) = 0.82-0.93) with internal tissues. We supply regression models that may be used to provide perspective and a useful means of interpreting the variety of measures of Hg exposure reported in the literature. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kenow, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM kkenow@usgs.gov RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; OI Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197 NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1047 EP 1055 DI 10.1897/06-193R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 157VM UT WOS:000245749500030 PM 17521154 ER PT J AU Custer, CM Custer, TW Hines, JE Nichols, JD Dummer, PA AF Custer, Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Dummer, Paul A. TI Adult tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) survival on the polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated Housatonic River, Massachusetts, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tree swallows; adult survival; polychlorinated biphenyls; Tachycineta bicolor; Housatonic River ID GREAT-LAKES; IRIDOPROCNE-BICOLOR; BREEDING BIOLOGY; WETLAND ACIDITY; CLUTCH SIZE; NEST BOXES; AGE; REPRODUCTION; BIRDS; MIGRATION AB Tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) were captured and banded at six sites that differed in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination levels in the Housatonic River watershed, western Massachusetts, USA, from 2000 through 2004 to test the prediction that apparent survival rates of females in more contaminated areas were lower than those from less contaminated areas. We also tested whether plumage coloration affected over-winter survival and whether concentrations of PCBs in eggs differed between birds that did and that did not return the following year. Apparent survival rates were calculated using mark-recapture methods and compared using Akaike's Information Criterion. Model-adjusted survival rates ranged from 0.365 to 0.467 for PCB-contaminated females and between 0.404 and 0.476 for reference females. Models with either survival or capture probability modeled as functions of treatment (degree of PCB contamination), year, and age received some support. The model-averaged parameter estimate reflecting a treatment effect for high-PCB birds was negative ((beta) over cap = -0.046, SE((beta) over cap) = 0.0939). Fifty-four percent of the total model weights involved models in which survival was a function of PCB treatment. Eggs were collected for contaminant analyses from a random sample of females that did and that did not return the following year. Concentrations of total PCBs were the same or higher in the eggs of females that returned compared to the eggs of those that did not return at both the highly and the moderately contaminated PCB sites. This may have resulted from higher-quality females with higher lipid reserves being more likely than lower-quality females to return the following year. Percentage lipid was positively correlated with total PCBs in eggs. Survival rates were similar among swallows with brown versus blue plumage. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Custer, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ccuster@usgs.gov RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1056 EP 1065 DI 10.1897/06-337R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 157VM UT WOS:000245749500031 PM 17521155 ER PT J AU Harris, SH Smith, RL Suflita, JM AF Harris, Steve H. Smith, Richard L. Suflita, Joseph M. TI In situ hydrogen consumption kinetics as an indicator of subsurface microbial activity SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen consumption; in situ microbial activity; kinetics; TEAP; field measurement ID TERMINAL ELECTRON-ACCEPTOR; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; LANDFILL LEACHATE; CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; METHANOGENIC BACTERIA; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; SINGLE-WELL; AQUIFER; REDOX; H-2 AB There are few methods available for broadly assessing microbial community metabolism directly within a groundwater environment. In this study, hydrogen consumption rates were estimated from in situ injection/withdrawal tests conducted in two geochemically varying, contaminated aquifers as an approach towards developing such a method. The hydrogen consumption first-order rates varied from 0.002 nM h(-1) for an uncontaminated, aerobic site to 2.5 nM h(-1) for a contaminated site where sulfate reduction was a predominant process. The method could accommodate the over three orders of magnitude range in rates that existed between subsurface sites. In a denitrifying zone, the hydrogen consumption rate (0.02 nM h(-1)) was immediately abolished in the presence of air or an antibiotic mixture, suggesting that such measurements may also be sensitive to the effects of environmental perturbations on field microbial activities. Comparable laboratory determinations with sediment slurries exhibited hydrogen consumption kinetics that differed substantially from the field estimates. Because anaerobic degradation of organic matter relies on the rapid consumption of hydrogen and subsequent maintenance at low levels, such in situ measures of hydrogen turnover can serve as a key indicator of the functioning of microbial food webs and may be more reliable than laboratory determinations. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Inst Energy & Environm, Norman, OK 73019 USA. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO USA. RP Harris, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 977, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM shharris@usgs.gov RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125 NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00286.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 156UE UT WOS:000245674600004 PM 17439588 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC Sala, OE Allen, CD Covich, A Brunson, M AF Peters, Debra P. C. Sala, Osvaldo E. Allen, Craig D. Covich, Alan Brunson, Mark TI Cascading events in linked ecological and socioeconomic systems SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ESA Conference on Ecology in an Era of Globalization - Challenges and Opportunities for Environmental Scientists in the Americas CY JAN 08-12, 2006 CL Merida, MEXICO ID LAND-USE; FUTURE AB Cascading events that start at small spatial scales and propagate non-linearly through time to influence larger areas often have major impacts on ecosystem goods and services. Events such as wildfires and hurricanes are increasing in frequency and magnitude as systems become more connected through globalization processes. We need to improve our understanding of these events in order to predict their occurrence, minimize potential impacts, and allow for strategic recovery. Here, we synthesize information about cascading events in systems located throughout the Americas. We discuss a variety of examples of cascading events that share a common feature: they are often driven by linked ecological and human processes across scales. In this era of globalization, we recommend studies that explicitly examine connections across scales and examine the role of connectivity among non-contiguous as well as contiguous areas. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Brown Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Providence, RI 02912 USA. USGS, Jemez Mtn Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Environm & Soc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu RI Brunson, Mark/E-9661-2010 NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 5 IS 4 BP 221 EP 224 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[221:CEILEA]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166XP UT WOS:000246414500009 ER PT J AU Grams, PE Schmidt, JC Topping, DJ AF Grams, Paul E. Schmidt, John C. Topping, David J. TI The rate and pattern of bed incision and bank adjustment on the Colorado River in Glen Canyon downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, 1956-2000 SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE channel adjustment; erosion; dams; geomorphology; alluvial deposits ID GREEN RIVER; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; UTAH AB Closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963 transformed the Colorado River by reducing the magnitude and duration of spring floods, increasing the magnitude of base flows, and trapping fine sediment delivered from the upper watershed. These changes caused the channel downstream in Glen Canyon to incise, armor, and narrow. This study synthesizes over 45 yr of channel-change measurements and demonstrates that the rate and style of channel adjustment are directly related to both natural processes associated with sediment deficit and human decisions about dam operations. Although bed lowering in lower Glen Canyon began when the first cofferdam was installed in 1959, most incision occurred in 1965 in conjunction with 14 pulsed high flows that scoured an average of 2.6 m of sediment from the center of the channel. The average grain size of bed material has increased from 0.25 mm in 1956 to over 20 mm in 1999. The magnitude of incision at riffles decreases with distance downstream from the dam, while the magnitude of sediment evacuation from pools is spatially variable and extends farther downstream. Analysis of bed-material mobility indicates that the increase in bed-material grain size and reduction in reach-average gradient are consistent with the transformation of an adjustable-bed alluvial river to a channel with a stable bed that is rarely mobilized. Decreased magnitude of peak discharges in the post-dam regime coupled with channel incision and the associated downward shifts of stage-discharge relations have caused sandbar and terrace erosion and the transformation of previously active sandbars and gravel bars to abandoned deposits that are no longer inundated. Erosion has been concentrated in a few pre-dam terraces that eroded rapidly for brief periods and have since stabilized. The abundance of abandoned deposits decreases downstream in conjunction with decreasing magnitude of shift in the stage-discharge relations. In the downstream part of the study area where riffles controlling channel elevation have not incised, channel narrowing has resulted from decreased magnitude of peak discharges and minor post-dam deposition. These physical changes to the aquatic and riparian systems have supported the establishment and success of an artifact ecosystem dominated by non-native species. Models for the channel response downstream from large dams typically consider factors such as the degree of sediment deficit, the pre-dam surface and subsurface grain size, and the magnitude of post-dam average flows. These results suggest that it is also necessary to consider (1) the possibility of variable responses among different channel elements and (2) the potential importance of exceptional flows resulting from management decisions. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. RP Grams, PE (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM grams@cc.usu.edu NR 53 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 17 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 5-6 BP 556 EP 575 DI 10.1130/B25969.1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 184GX UT WOS:000247630200004 ER PT J AU Richey, JN Poore, RZ Flower, BP Quinn, T AF Richey, J. N. Poore, R. Z. Flower, B. P. Quinn, Tim. TI 1400 yr multiproxy record of climate variability from the northern Gulf of Mexico SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE little ice age; medieval warm period; Mg/Ca; pigmy basin; gulf of Mexico; holocene ID MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; ICE-AGE; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; SARGASSO SEA; CALIBRATION; RESOLUTION; ATLANTIC; MG/CA AB A continuous decadal-scale resolution record of climate variability over the past 1400 yr in the northern Gulf of Mexico was constructed from a box core recovered in the Pigmy Basin, northern Gulf of Mexico. Proxies include paired analyses of Mg/Ca and delta O-18 in the white variety of the planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber and relative abundance variations of G. sacculifer in the foraminifer assemblages. Two multi-decadal intervals of sustained high Mg/Ca indicate that Gulf of Mexico sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were as warm or warmer than near-modern conditions between 1000 and 1400 yr B.P Foraminiferal Mg/Ca during the coolest interval of the Little Ice Age (ca. 250 yr B.P) indicate that SST was 2-2.5 degrees C below modern SST. Four minima in the Mg/Ca record between 900 and 250 yr B.P correspond with the Maunder, Sporer, Wolf, and Oort sunspot minima, suggesting a link between changes in solar insolation and SST variability in the Gulf of Mexico. An abrupt shift recorded in both delta O-18(calcite) and relative abundance of G. sacculifer occurred ca. 600 yr B.P The shift in the Pigmy Basin record corresponds with a shift in the sea-salt-sodium (ssNa) record from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core, linking changes in high-latitude atmospheric circulation with the subtropical Atlantic Ocean. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ Texas, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RP Richey, JN (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008; OI Richey, Julie/0000-0002-2319-7980 NR 23 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 20 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 423 EP 426 DI 10.1130/G23507A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 221UX UT WOS:000250253900010 ER PT J AU Mueller, PA Foster, DA Mogk, DW Wooden, JL Kamenov, GD Vogl, JJ AF Mueller, Paul A. Foster, David A. Mogk, David W. Wooden, Joseph L. Kamenov, George D. Vogl, James J. TI Detrital mineral chronology of the uinta mountain group: Implications for the grenville flood in southwestern laurentia SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sedimentation; precambrian; zircon; argon; hafnium; tectonics; uinta mountains; laurentia; grenville ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; DEPLETED MANTLE; ND ISOTOPES; PROVENANCE; PB; GEOCHRONOLOGY; CONSTRAINTS; BASEMENT; RODINIA AB Numerous studies have shown that large quantities of Grenville-age detritus dominate Neoproterozoic to Cambrian arenites in southwest Laurentia (southwestern United States). U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions of zircons and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of white mica from elastic sedimentary rocks of the Neoproterozoic Uinta Mountain Group also indicate significant Mesoproterozoic detritus mixed with a variably abundant Archean component. Zircons with ages representative of the Paleoproterozoic basement in the eastern Uinta Mountains or the younger Paleoproterozoic rocks of the adjacent Yavapai-Mazatzal terranes were not observed. A limited range of initial epsilon(Hf) (similar to 90% between -3 and +3) for Mesoproterozoic zircons suggests derivation from a source region (or regions) characterized by mixing between juvenile and reworked older crust during Grenville orogenesis. The enriched Grenville-age basement proposed to underlie much of southeastern North America may be this source based on similarities of Hf isotopic data from Mesoproterozoic zircons in Mississippi River sand and available paleocurrent data. If so, then disruption of this supply in the Cambrian may be related to Iapetan rifting and, perhaps, the separation of the Precordillera terrane from Laurentia. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94050 USA. RP Mueller, PA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Foster, David/F-1727-2010; Mueller, Paul/B-3974-2013; OI Foster, David/0000-0002-5603-9372; Mueller, Paul/0000-0003-2608-193X; Kamenov, George/0000-0002-6041-6687 NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1130/G23148A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 221UX UT WOS:000250253900012 ER PT J AU Cunningham, KJ Rigby, JK Wacker, MA Curran, HA AF Cunningham, Kevin J. Rigby, J. Keith Wacker, Michael A. Curran, H. Allen TI First documentation of tidal-channel sponge biostromes (upper Pleistocene, southeastern Florida) SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sponges; biostromes; tidal channels; Pleistocene; Florida ID LIMESTONE; MIAMI; SHELF AB Sponges are not a common principal component of Cenozoic reefs and are more typically dominant in deep-water and/or cold-water localities. Here we report the discovery of extensive upper Pleistocene shallow-marine, tropical sponge biostromes from the Miami Limestone of southeastern Florida built by a new ceractinomorph demosponge. These upright, barrel- to vase-shaped sponges occur in monospecific aggregations constructed within the tidal channels of an oolitic tidal-bar belt similar to modern examples on the Great Bahama Bank. The biostromes appear to have a ribbon-like geometry, with densely spaced sponges populating a paleochannel along a 3.5 km extent in the most lengthy biostrome. These are very large (as high as 2 m and 1.8 m in diameter), particularly well-preserved calcified sponges with walls as hard as concrete. Quartz grains are the most common particles agglutinated in the structure of the sponge walls. Where exposed, sediment fill between the sponges is commonly a highly burrowed or cross-bedded ooid-bearing grainstone and, locally, quartz sand. It is postulated that the dense, localized distribution of these particular sponges was due to a slight edge over competitors for food or energy supply and space in a stressed environment of tidal-influenced salinity and nutrient changes, strong currents, and frequently shifting submarine sand dunes. To our knowledge, this represents the first documentation of sponge biostromes composed of very large upright sponges within high-energy tidal channels between ooid shoals. The remarkably well-preserved accumulations provide an alternative example of sponge reefs for comparative paleoenvironmental studies. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, S 389 Eyring Sci Ctr, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Smith Coll, Dept Geol, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. RP Cunningham, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3110 SW 9th Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. OI Cunningham, Kevin/0000-0002-2179-8686 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 475 EP 478 DI 10.1130/G23402A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 221UX UT WOS:000250253900023 ER PT J AU Iwahashi, J Pike, RJ AF Iwahashi, Junko Pike, Richard J. TI Automated classifications of topography from DEMs by an unsupervised nested-means algorithm and a three-part geometric signature SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE terrain classification; DEM; slope gradient; surface texture; local convexity; ArcGIS macro ID SUPERVISED LANDFORM CLASSIFICATION; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; MAP; FEATURES; ELEMENTS; FUZZY AB An iterative procedure that implements the classification of continuous topography as a problem in digital image-processing automatically divides an area into categories of surface form; three taxonomic criteria-slope gradient, local convexity, and surface texture-are calculated from a square-grid digital elevation model (DEM). The sequence of programmed operations combines twofold-partitioned maps of the three variables converted to greyscale images, using the mean of each variable as the dividing threshold. To subdivide increasingly subtle topography, grid cells sloping at less than mean gradient of the input DEM are classified by designating mean values of successively lower-sloping subsets of the study area (nested means) as taxonomic thresholds, thereby increasing the number of output categories from the minimum 8 to 12 or 16. Program output is exemplified by 16 topographic types for the world at 1-km spatial resolution (SRTM30 data), the Japanese Islands at 270 in, and part of Hokkaido at 55 in. Because the procedure is unsupervised and reflects frequency distributions of the input variables rather than pre-set criteria, the resulting classes are undefined and must be calibrated empirically by subsequent analysis. Maps of the example classifications reflect physiographic regions, geological structure, and landforrn as well as slope materials and processes; fine-textured terrain categories tend to correlate with erosional topography or older surfaces, coarse-textured classes with areas of little dissection. In Japan the resulting classes approximate landform types mapped from airphoto analysis, while in the Americas they create map patterns resembling Hammond's terrain types or surface-form classes; SRTM30 output for the United States compares favorably with Fenneman's physical divisions. Experiments are suggested for further developing the method; the Arc/Info AML and the map of terrain classes for the world are available as online downloads. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Iwahashi, Junko] Geog Survey Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050811, Japan. [Pike, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Iwahashi, J (reprint author), Geog Survey Inst, Kitasato1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050811, Japan. EM iwahashi@gsi.go.jp NR 58 TC 105 Z9 112 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 86 IS 3-4 BP 409 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.09.012 PG 32 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 252RK UT WOS:000252464100013 ER PT J AU Waite, WF Stern, LA Kirby, SH Winters, WJ Mason, DH AF Waite, W. F. Stern, L. A. Kirby, S. H. Winters, W. J. Mason, D. H. TI Simultaneous determination of thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat in sI methane hydrate SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE methane hydrate; specific heat; thermal conductivity; thermal diffusivity ID GAS HYDRATE; CLATHRATE HYDRATE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; DISSOCIATION; PRESSURE; FLOW; ICE AB Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat of sI methane hydrate were measured as functions of temperature and pressure using a needle probe technique. The temperature dependence was measured between -20 degrees C and 17 degrees C at 31.5 MPa. The pressure dependence was measured between 31.5 and 102 MPa at 14.4 degrees C. Only weak temperature and pressure dependencies were observed. Methane hydrate thermal conductivity differs from that of water by less than 10 per cent, too little to provide a sensitive measure of hydrate content in water-saturated systems. Thermal diffusivity of methane hydrate is more than twice that of water, however, and its specific heat is about half that of water. Thus, when drilling into or through hydrate-rich sediment, heat from the borehole can raise the formation temperature more than 20 per cent faster than if the formation's pore space contains only water. Thermal properties of methane hydrate should be considered in safety and economic assessments of hydrate-bearing sediment. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Waite, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM wwaite@usgs.gov OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109 NR 47 TC 64 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 169 IS 2 BP 767 EP 774 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03382.x PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 156UI UT WOS:000245675000034 ER PT J AU Stromberg, JC Lite, SJ Marler, R Paradzick, C Shafroth, PB Shorrock, D White, JM White, MS AF Stromberg, Juliet C. Lite, Sharon J. Marler, Roy Paradzick, Charles Shafroth, Patrick B. Shorrock, Donna White, Jacqueline M. White, Margaret S. TI Altered stream-flow regimes and invasive plant species: the Tamarix case SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE aridity; flood disturbance; hydrology; invasion; novel ecosystems; riparian; stream-flow regime; vegetation ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SAN-PEDRO RIVER; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; POPULUS-FREMONTII; COLORADO RIVER; RIO-GRANDE; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; BASIC PRINCIPLES; WATER SALVAGE; NATIVE TREES AB Aim To test the hypothesis that anthropogenic alteration of stream-flow regimes is a key driver of compositional shifts from native to introduced riparian plant species. Location The arid south-western United States; 24 river reaches in the Gila and Lower Colorado drainage basins of Arizona. Methods We compared the abundance of three dominant woody riparian taxa (native Populus fremontii and Salix gooddingii, and introduced Tamarix) between river reaches that varied in stream-flow permanence (perennial vs. intermittent), presence or absence of an upstream flow-regulating dam, and presence or absence of municipal effluent as a stream water source. Results Populus and Salix were the dominant pioneer trees along the reaches with perennial flow and a natural flood regime. In contrast, Tamarix had high abundance (patch area and basal area) along reaches with intermittent stream flows (caused by natural and cultural factors), as well as those with dam-regulated flows. Main conclusions Stream-flow regimes are strong determinants of riparian vegetation structure, and hydrological alterations can drive dominance shifts to introduced species that have an adaptive suite of traits. Deep alluvial groundwater on intermittent rivers favours the deep-rooted, stress-adapted Tamarix over the shallower-rooted and more competitive Populus and Salix. On flow-regulated rivers, shifts in flood timing favour the reproductively opportunistic Tamarix over Populus and Salix, both of which have narrow germination windows. The prevailing hydrological conditions thus favour a new dominant pioneer species in the riparian corridors of the American Southwest. These results reaffirm the importance of reinstating stream-flow regimes (inclusive of groundwater flows) for re-establishing the native pioneer trees as the dominant forest type. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Cascade Coll, Portland, OR 97216 USA. Salt River Project, Phoenix, AZ 85072 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Stromberg, JC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jstrom@asu.edu NR 75 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 12 U2 91 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 381 EP 393 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00297.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 155VG UT WOS:000245605900013 ER PT J AU Alley, WM AF Alley, William M. TI Another water budget myth: The significance of recoverable ground water in storage SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Alley, WM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM walley@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 251 EP 251 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00274.x PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 161QP UT WOS:000246030800001 PM 17470111 ER PT J AU Hunt, RJ Doherty, J Tonkin, MJ AF Hunt, Randall J. Doherty, John Tonkin, Matthew J. TI Are models too simple? Arguments for increased parameterization SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER INVERSE PROBLEM; STRUCTURE IDENTIFICATION; FLOW; CALIBRATION; REGULARIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; CONTAMINANT; PREDICTION AB The idea that models should be as simple as possible is often accepted without question. However, too much simplification and parsimony may degrade a model's utility. Models are often constructed to make predictions; yet, they are commonly parameterized with a focus on calibration, regardless of whether (1) the calibration data can constrain simulated predictions or (2) the number and type of calibration parameters are commensurate with the hydraulic property details on which key predictions may depend. Parameterization estimated through the calibration process is commonly limited by the necessity that the number of calibration parameters be smaller than the number of observations. This limitation largely stems from historical restrictions in calibration and computing capability; we argue here that better methods and computing capabilities are now available and should become more widely used. To make this case, two approaches to model calibration are contrasted: (1) a traditional approach based on a small number of homogeneous parameter zones defined by the modeler a priori and (2) regularized inversion, which includes many more parameters than the traditional approach. We discuss some advantages of regularized inversion, focusing on the increased insight that can be gained from calibration data. We present these issues using reasoning that we believe has a common sense appeal to modelers; knowledge of mathematics is not required to follow our arguments. We present equations in an Appendix, however, to illustrate the fundamental differences between traditional model calibration and a regularized inversion approach. C1 Watermark Numer Comp, Brisbane, Qld 4075, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Civil Engn, St Lucia, Qld 4068, Australia. SS Papadopulos & Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM rjhunt@usgs.gov; johndoherty@ozemail.com.au; matt@sspa.com NR 44 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 254 EP 262 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00316.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 161QP UT WOS:000246030800003 PM 17470114 ER PT J AU Chapelle, FH Bradley, PM AF Chapelle, Francis H. Bradley, Paul M. TI Hydrologic significance of carbon monoxide concentrations in ground water SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN CONCENTRATIONS; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; SOIL; METABOLISM; H-2; MICROORGANISMS; CONSUMPTION; CO AB Dissolved carbon monoxide (CO) is present in ground water produced from a variety of aquifer systems at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 20 nanomoles per liter (0.0056 to 0.56 mu g/L). In two shallow aquifers, one an unconsolidated coastal plain aquifer in Kings Bay, Georgia, and the other a fractured-bedrock aquifer in West Trenton, New Jersey, long-term monitoring showed that CO concentrations varied over time by as much as a factor of 10. Field and laboratory evidence suggests that the delivery of dissolved oxygen to the soil zone and underlying aquifers by periodic recharge events stimulates oxic metabolism and produces transiently high CO concentrations. In between recharge events, the aquifers become anoxic and more substrate limited, CO is consumed as a carbon source, and CO concentrations decrease. According to this model, CO concentrations provide a transient record of oxic metabolism affecting ground water systems after dissolved oxygen has been fully consumed. Because the delivery of oxygen affects the fate and transport of natural and anthropogenic contaminants in ground water, CO concentration changes may be useful for identifying predominantly anoxic ground water systems subject to periodic oxic or microaerophilic conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Chapelle, FH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM chapelle@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 272 EP 280 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00284.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 161QP UT WOS:000246030800005 PM 17470116 ER PT J AU Blasch, KW Bryson, JR AF Blasch, Kyle W. Bryson, Jeannie R. TI Distinguishing sources of ground water recharge by using delta H-2 and delta O-18 SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID NOBLE-GASES; ISOTOPES; AQUIFER; USA; ARIZONA; BASIN; PRECIPITATION; MOUNTAINS; EVOLUTION; HYDROLOGY AB Stable isotope values of hydrogen and oxygen from precipitation and ground water samples were compared by using a volumetrically based mixing equation and stable isotope gradient to estimate the season and location of recharge in four basins. Stable isotopes were sampled at 11 precipitation sites of differing elevation during a 2-year period to quantify seasonal stable isotope contributions as a function of elevation. Supplemental stable isotope data collected by the International Atomic Energy Association during a 14-year period were used to reduce annual variability of the mean seasonal stable isotope data. The stable isotope elevation relationships and local precipitation elevation relationships were combined by using a digital elevation model to calculate the total volumetric contribution of water and stable isotope values as a function of elevation within the basins. The results of these precipitation calculations were compared to measured ground water stable isotope values at the major discharge points near the terminus of the basins. Volumetric precipitation contributions to recharge were adjusted to isolate contributing elevations. This procedure provides an improved representation of recharge contributions within the basins over conventional stable isotope methods. Stable isotope values from wells and springs at the terminus of each basin were used to infer the elevations of precipitation important for recharge of the regional ground water flow system. Ancillary climatic, geologic, and stable isotope values were used to further constrain the location where precipitation is entering the ground water flow system. C1 US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Geol Survey, Mississippi Water Sci Ctr, Jackson, MS 39208 USA. RP Blasch, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM kblasch@usgs.gov; jbryson@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 294 EP 308 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00289.x PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 161QP UT WOS:000246030800008 PM 17470119 ER PT J AU Gurdak, JJ McCray, JE Thyne, G Qi, SL AF Gurdak, Jason J. McCray, John E. Thyne, Geoffrey Qi, Sharon L. TI Latin hypercube approach to estimate uncertainty in ground water vulnerability SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; AQUIFER SUSCEPTIBILITY; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; NITRATE; PROBABILITY; ASSESSMENTS; MODELS; GIS AB A methodology is proposed to quantify prediction uncertainty associated with ground water vulnerability models that were developed through an approach that coupled multivariate logistic regression with a geographic information system (GIS). This method uses Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) to illustrate the propagation of input error and estimate uncertainty associated with the logistic regression predictions of ground water vulnerability. Central to the proposed method is the assumption that prediction uncertainty in ground water vulnerability models is a function of input error propagation from uncertainty in the estimated logistic regression model coefficients (model error) and the values of explanatory variables represented in the GIS (data error). Input probability distributions that represent both model and data error sources of uncertainty were simultaneously sampled using a Latin hypercube approach with logistic regression calculations of probability of elevated nonpoint source contaminants in ground water. The resulting probability distribution represents the prediction intervals and associated uncertainty of the ground water vulnerability predictions. The method is illustrated through a ground water vulnerability assessment of the High Plains regional aquifer. Results of the LHS simulations reveal significant prediction uncertainties that vary spatially across the regional aquifer. Additionally, the proposed method enables a spatial deconstruction of the prediction uncertainty that can lead to improved prediction of ground water vulnerability. C1 US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Gurdak, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Mail Stop 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jjgurdak@usgs.gov; slqi@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 348 EP 361 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00298.x PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 161QP UT WOS:000246030800013 PM 17470124 ER PT J AU Rutledge, AT AF Rutledge, Albert T. TI Update on the use of the RORA program for recharge estimation SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Review ID GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; HYDROGRAPHS; RECORDS AB An update on the use of the RORA program is provided to supplement information given in the initial description of the program in Ground Water in 1994. The method estimates ground water recharge on the basis of streamflow records. Important considerations in the use of the automated approach are described that should improve the reliability of recharge estimates and avoid misapplication of the technique. Topics include the recession index, errors caused by direct surface runoff, the time scale for reporting results, comparisons with results of manual calculations, and errors caused by gradual recharge and discharge. The use of ground water levels for independent assessment of results from RORA is also described. RORA results are compared and contrasted with results from other base flow separation techniques. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 433, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Rutledge, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 433, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rutledgealbert@gmail.com NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 374 EP 382 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00294.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 161QP UT WOS:000246030800016 PM 17470127 ER PT J AU Fellers, GM Bradford, DF Pratt, D Wood, LL AF Fellers, Gary M. Bradford, David F. Pratt, David Wood, Leslie Long TI DEMISE OF REPATRIATED POPULATIONS OF MOUNTAIN YELLOW-LEGGED FROGS (RANA MUSCOSA) IN THE SIERRA NEVADA OF CALIFORNIA SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian; chytridiomycosis; Rana muscosa; park management; pesticides; population decline; repatriation ID MASS MORTALITY; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; FISH INTRODUCTIONS; PESTICIDES; USA; BASIN; LAKES; PH AB In the late 1970s, Rana muscosa was common in the Tableland area of Sequoia National Park, CA. Surveys in 19931995 demonstrated that this frog had disappeared from this and other areas, even though the species was still common 30 km to the northeast. To evaluate potential causes of the extirpation, we repatriated R. muscosa eggs, tadpoles, subadults, and adults to four previously occupied sites in the Tableland area in 1994 and 1995. We surveyed the release sites every few days in the summers of 1994 and 1995, and once a month in 1996-1997. During the first week after release, survival of all life history stages was high at each of the release sites. At the end of the first summer there were metamorphosing tadpoles, and adult frogs were still present. However, we detected no evidence of reproduction at three sites and nearly all life history stages disappeared within 12 months. At the fourth site, there was limited reproduction, but it was not sufficient to maintain a population. It appears either that the causal factors for the demise of R. muscosa in the 1970s were still operating in the 1990s, or that a new limiting factor has developed. Dispersal, weather, water quality, and predation do not appear to be causative agents; because fish have never been present in the portions of the watershed where we were working, they were not a factor. Observations and data are consistent with the hypotheses that chytridiomycosis, caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, and/or exposure to airborne pesticides caused both declines. However, at the time of our study, chytridiomycosis had not been described and the potentially significant role of contaminants was largely undocumented. C1 [Fellers, Gary M.; Pratt, David; Wood, Leslie Long] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Bradford, David F.] US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Fellers, GM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM gary_fellers@usgs.gov FU National Park Service FX Bruce Christman, Jennifer Ellingson, Craig Fellers, Scott Fellers, Kathleen Freel, and Mark Massar assisted with the field work. Annie Esperanza, David Graber, Janie McLaughlin, and Harold Werner provided logistical support. Roberta Larson assisted with data processing. Joan Fellers and Patrick Kleeman provided useful comments on the manuscript. The research was funded by the National Park Service. Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, and the California Department of Fish and Game provided collecting permits. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development, collaborated in this project. The document has undergone EPA review and has been approved for publication. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 17 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 5 EP 21 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15MS UT WOS:000207806700002 ER PT J AU Green, DE Dodd, CK AF Green, D. Earl Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. TI PRESENCE OF AMPHIBIAN CHYTRID FUNGUS BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS AND OTHER AMPHIBIAN PATHOGENS AT WARM-WATER FISH HATCHERIES IN SOUTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian larvae; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; disease spread; emerging disease; fish hatchery AB We conducted health screenings for infectious diseases of amphibians at four warm-water fish hatcheries and one National Wildlife Refuge in the southeastern United States. We confirmed the presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (amphibian chytrid fungus) in Rana catesbeiana (American Bullfrog) from one hatchery, as well as potentially new species of microsporidian and myxozoan parasites infecting all 10 amphibian species sampled. Viruses were not found in tissue cultures or histologically. Tens of thousands of individual amphibians may breed in outdoor warm water fish-rearing ponds. Although there have been no reports of disease outbreaks at the sampling sites, the potential transmission of infectious diseases between amphibians and fishes could have serious consequences for amphibian populations at recipient sites. C1 [Green, D. Earl] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Dodd, CK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM Terrapene600@gmail.com FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX We thank Denise R. Gregoire for assistance in field sampling; Vince Mudrak, Carlos Echevarria, Willie Booker, Andrew Brown, and Steve Jackson for permitting access to the fish hatcheries; and Linda Andreasen for the fish hatchery stocking summary. We also thank Renee Long and Hon Ip for virological support, Brenda Berlowski and David Blehert for bacteriological support, Mauritz Sterner for parasite identifications, and Stephanie Steinfeldt for laboratory support and data management. This research was funded by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15MS UT WOS:000207806700006 ER PT J AU Beeman, JW Bower, N Juhnke, S Dingmon, L van den Tillaart, M Thomas, T AF Beeman, John W. Bower, Neil Juhnke, Steve Dingmon, Laura van den Tillaart, Mike Thomas, Tom TI Effects of antenna length and material on output power and detection of miniature radio transmitters SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Fish Telemetry CY JUN 05-11, 2005 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Univ Evora, Univ Lisbon, Inst Oceanog, Fac Sci DE radiotelemetry; antenna; detection; tag; power; fish ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; BASS AB The optimal antenna of transmitters used in small aquatic animals is often a compromise between efficient radio wave propagation and effects on animal behavior. Radio transmission efficiency generally increases with diameter and length of the conductor, but increased antenna length or weight can adversely affect animal behavior. We evaluated the effects of changing antenna length and material on the subsequent tag output power, reception, and detection of tagged fish. In a laboratory, we compared the relative signal strengths in water of 150 MHz transmitters over a range of antenna lengths (from 6 to 30 cm) and materials (one weighing about half of the other). The peak relative signal strengths were at 20 and 22 cm, which are approximately one wavelength underwater at the test frequency. The peak relative signal strengths at these lengths were approximately 50% greater than those of 30 cm antennas, a length commonly used in fisheries research. Few significant differences were present in distances for the operator to hear or the telemetry receiver to decode transmitters from a boat-mounted receiving system based on antenna length, but the percent of tagged fish detected passing a hydroelectric dam fitted with an array of receiving systems was significantly greater at the antenna length with peak output power in laboratory tests. This study indicates careful choice of antenna length and material of small transmitters can be used to reduce weight and possible antenna effects on animal behavior, to maximize tag output power and detection, or to balance these factors based on the needs of the application. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. Lotek Wireless Inc, Newmarket, ON L3Y 7B5, Canada. RP Beeman, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM john_beeman@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAY PY 2007 VL 582 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0543-z PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 150RX UT WOS:000245236200021 ER PT J AU Hedman, MM Burns, JA Showalter, MR Porco, CC Nicholson, PD Bosh, AS Tiscareno, MS Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Baines, KH Clark, R AF Hedman, Matthew M. Burns, Joseph A. Showalter, Mark R. Porco, Carolyn C. Nicholson, Philip D. Bosh, Amanda S. Tiscareno, Matthew S. Brown, Robert H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Baines, Kevin H. Clark, Roger TI Saturn's dynamic D ring SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE planetary rings; Saturn, rings ID CASSINI IMAGING SCIENCE; VOYAGER OBSERVATIONS; F-RING; OCCULTATION; SYSTEM; SATELLITES; FIELD AB The Cassini spacecraft has provided the first clear images of the D ring since the Voyager missions. These observations show that the structure of the D ring has undergone significant changes over the last 25 years. The brightest of the three ringlets seen in the Voyager images (named D72), has transformed from a narrow, < 40-km wide ringlet to a much broader and more diffuse 250-km wide feature. In addition, its center of light has shifted inwards by over 200 km relative to other features in the D ring. Cassini also finds that the locations of other narrow features in the D ring and the structure of the diffuse material in the D ring differ from those measured by Voyager. Furthermore, Cassini has detected additional ringlets and structures in the D ring that were not observed by Voyager. These include a sheet of material just interior to the inner edge of the C ring that is only observable at phase angles below about 60 degrees. New photometric and spectroscopic data from the ISS (Imaging Science Subsystem) and VIMS (Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) instruments onboard Cassini show the D ring contains a variety of different particle populations with typical particle sizes ranging from 1 to 100 microns. High-resolution images reveal fine-scale structures in the D ring that appear to be variable in time and/or longitude. Particularly interesting is a remarkably regular, periodic structure with a wavelength of similar to 30 km extending between orbital radii of 73.200 and 74,000 km. A similar structure was previously observed in 1995 during the occultation of the star GSC5249-01240, at which time it had a wavelength of similar to 60 km. We interpret this structure as a periodic vertical corrugation in the D ring produced by differential nodal regression of an initially inclined ring. We speculate that this structure may have formed in response to an impact with a comet or meteoroid in early 1984. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. Space Sci Inst, CICLOPS, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Boston Univ, Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USGS, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hedman, MM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mmhedman@astro.cornell.edu RI Tiscareno, Matthew/D-6963-2011 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2007 VL 188 IS 1 BP 89 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.11.017 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 160WA UT WOS:000245971900006 ER PT J AU Moore, DE Lockner, DA AF Moore, Diane E. Lockner, David A. TI Comparative deformation behavior of minerals in serpentinized ultramafic rock: Application to the slab-mantle interface in subduction zones SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CATALINA-SCHIST; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; FAULT GOUGE; METASOMATISM; WEDGE; WATER; AMPHIBOLITES; METAMORPHISM; EARTHQUAKES; DISSOLUTION AB The layer-structure minerals serpentine, brucite, and talc are postulated to form in the mantle wedge above a subdueting slab as a result of progressive hydration and silica metasomatism. Tectonic mixing at the slab-mantle interface generates serpentinite melanges that contain blocks of high-pressure (HP) or ultrahigh -pressure (UHP) metamorphic rock derived from the subducting slab. Such serpentinite melanges may provide a means of exhumation of HP/UHP metamorphic rocks, and may define the lower limit of locked regions on the subduction interface that fail in large earthquakes. We review recently obtained frictional strength data for brucite and talc over the temperature range 25-400 degrees C at 100 MPa effective normal stress and compare them with new data for antigorite. These minerals respond to heating in different ways, causing their frictional strengths to diverge. Water-saturated antigorite strength increases toward the fixed dry value of mu approximate to 0.75-0.80 with heating: mu approximate to 0.50 at 25 degrees C and mu > 0.60 at 400 degrees C. The difference in mu between dry and watersaturated talc gouge also decreases with increasing temperature, but both the dry and watersaturated values of mu are lower at elevated temperatures. For dry talc, mu decreases from 0.35 to 0.25 between 25 degrees and 300 degrees C, whereas for water-saturated talc, mu is approximately 0.20 at 25 degrees C and 0.100.15 at elevated temperatures. Weakening of the interlayer bond of talc with heating may be responsible for the overall reduction in its frictional strength. The strength of dry brucite also is fixed at mu = 0.45-0.50, but the water-saturated value of mu decreases from approximate to 0.30 at 25 degrees C to 0.20-0.25 at 200 degrees-400 degrees C. The water-saturated brucite gouge has extensively recrystallized along the shear surfaces, and its weakening may be attributable to solution-transfer processes. Because the serpentine minerals become stronger at elevated temperatures, to achieve low frictional strength in a serpentinized mantle wedge or serpentine-rich melange would require some other cause such as nearly lithostatic fluid pressures or the addition of lower-strength minerals. Increasing abundance of brucite and talc in serpentinite at constant physical conditions would progressively reduce its frictional strength. The concentration of talc along a metasomatic front at the edge of the mantle wedge or in reaction zones surrounding HP/UHP blocks in serpentinite melange should tend to localize shear in this extremely weak material. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moore, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmoore@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 12 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 49 IS 5 BP 401 EP 415 DI 10.2747/0020-6814.49.5.401 PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA 166ZY UT WOS:000246421400002 ER PT J AU Bischoff, JL Williams, RW Rosenbauer, RJ Aramburu, A Arsuaga, JL Garcia, N Cuenca-Bescos, G AF Bischoff, James L. Williams, Ross W. Rosenbauer, Robert J. Aramburu, Arantza Arsuaga, Juan Luis Garcia, Nuria Cuenca-Bescos, Gloria TI High-resolution U-series dates from the Sima de los Huesos hominids yields 600(-66)(+infinity) kyrs: implications for the 66 evolution of the early Neanderthal lineage SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atapuerca; Sima de los Huesos; Middle Pleistocene; Neandertal; uranium-series ID SIERRA-DE-ATAPUERCA; MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE HUMANS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SIZE VARIATION; SPAIN; SITE; AGE; SAMPLE; DNA; REMAINS AB The Sima de los Huesos site of the Atapuerca complex near Burgos, Spain contains the skeletal remains of at least 28 individuals in a mud-breccia underlying an accumulation of the Middle Pleistocene cave bear (Ursus deningeri). We report here on new high-precision dates on the recently discovered speleothem SRA-3 overlaying human bones within the Sima de los Huesos. Earlier analyses of this speleothem by TIMS (thermal-ionization mass-spectrometry) showed the lower part to be indistinguishable from internal isotopic equilibrium at the precision of the TIMS instrumentation used, yielding minimum age of 350 kyr (kyr = 10(3) yr before present). Reanalysis of six samples of SRA-3 by inductively-coupled plasma-multicollector mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) produced high-precision analytical results allowing calculation of finite dates. The new dates cluster around 600 kyr. A conservative conclusion takes the lower error limit ages as the minimum age of the speleothem, or 530 kyr. This places the SH hominids at the very beginnings of the Neandertal evolutionary lineage. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Basque Country, Dept Mineral & Petrol, Bizkaia, Spain. Univ Complutense, Fac Ciencias Geol, Depto Paleontol, Madrid 28040, Spain. Univ Complutense Madrid, Inst Salud Carlos 3, Ctr Invest, Madrid 28029, Spain. Univ Zaragoza, Fac Ciencias, Area Paleontol, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. RP Bischoff, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS470, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jbischoff@usgs.gov RI Gloria, Cuenca-Bescos/A-3616-2013; Aranburu, Arantza/L-9502-2014 OI Gloria, Cuenca-Bescos/0000-0001-5125-9651; NR 44 TC 129 Z9 136 U1 3 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 BP 763 EP 770 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2006.08.003 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 154LM UT WOS:000245508800009 ER PT J AU Auer, SK Bassar, RD Martin, TE AF Auer, Sonya K. Bassar, Ronald D. Martin, Thomas E. TI Biparental incubation in the chestnut-vented tit-babbler Parisoma subcaeruleum: mates devote equal time, but males keep eggs warmer SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALE PARENTAL CARE; TAENIOPYGIA-GUTTATA; PASSER-DOMESTICUS; BARN SWALLOWS; LIFE-HISTORY; BIRDS; TEMPERATURE; PATERNITY AB Biparental care in birds is less common during incubation than in other nesting stages. Males share in incubating eggs in a minority of bird species, and male effort is generally thought to be lower than females when sharing does Occur. However, male assistance and incubation efficacy is poorly Studied in such species. We examined sex differences in incubation effort in 12 pairs of a species with biparental incubation, the chestnut-vented tit-babbler Parisoma subcaeruleum. Males and females did not differ in the amount of time spent incubating during the day, time of day spent incubating, nor in their ability to rewarm eggs. Yet, males consistently maintained eggs at higher temperatures than their female partners, despite the absence of a brood patch. C1 Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, MTCWRU, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Auer, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM sonya.auer@email.ucr.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 278 EP 283 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.04092.x PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 179TD UT WOS:000247312100006 ER PT J AU Farris, AS List, JH AF Farris, Amy S. List, Jeffrey H. TI Shoreline change as a proxy for subaerial beach volume change SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE beach erosion and accretion; beach profiles; shoreface; coastal change; shoreline position; profile change; Cape Cod; Outer Banks; Assateague Island ID EL-NINO; MODEL AB It is difficult and expensive to calculate changes in sediment volume for large sections of sandy beaches. Shoreline change could be a useful proxy for volume change because it can be collected quickly and relatively easily over long distances. In this paper, we summarize several studies that find a high correlation between shoreline change and subaerial volume change. We also examine three new data sets. On Cape Cod, Massachusetts, the correlation coefficients between the time series of shoreline change and subaerial volume change at two locations are 0.73 and 0.96. On Assateague Island, the correlation coefficient between along-coast variations in shoreline change and subaerial volume change is 0.71. On the Outer Banks of North Carolina, the average correlation coefficient between temporal variations in shoreline change and subaerial volume change is 0.84. For spatial variations, the average correlation coefficient is 0.88. It is therefore concluded that shoreline change is a useful proxy for subaerial volume change. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Farris, AS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM afarris@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 8 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 740 EP 748 DI 10.2112/05-0442.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 172RF UT WOS:000246820900019 ER PT J AU Flinders, CA Magoulick, DD AF Flinders, Camille A. Magoulick, Daniel D. TI Habitat use and selection within Ozark lotic crayfish assemblages: Spatial and temporal variation SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORCONECTES-RUSTICUS; NATIVE CRAYFISH; FISH PREDATION; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; STREAM; COMMUNITY; PREY; FOOD; MACROINVERTEBRATES; CONSERVATION AB Habitat selection by small (<= 15.0 mm carapace length (CL) and large (> 15.0 mm CL) individuals of the crayfish, Orconectes marchandi, O. ozarkae, O. punctimanus, and Cambarus hubbsi was examined at 4 sites in 2 streams in the Spring River watershed. Replicate quadrat samples were collected from riffle, run, pool, emergent vegetation, stream margin, and backwater habitats during the summers of 1998 and 1999. A 3-factor ANOVA was used to determine effects of habitat, species, and year on crayfish density for each site and stream. Habitat selection by crayfish was determined by comparing habitat used to habitat available for each species and size class. There were significant temporal differences in habitat used by some species-size classes of crayfish, but significant species by habitat interactions were detected at all sites for both crayfish size classes. Small 0. ozarkae and 0. punctimanus used mainly vegetated habitat, whereas both size classes of C. hubbsi used mainly riffles and runs. Large individuals of Orconectes spp. and small 0. marchandi were more broadly distributed across pools, backwaters, stream margins, and vegetated habitats. Selection indices showed that individuals of all small Orconectes species and large O. ozarkae and O. punctimanus strongly selected vegetated, backwater and stream margin habitats at all sites and times on both streams, even though these habitat types comprised only similar to 15% of the available habitat. Both size classes of C. hubbsi selected mainly riffle habitats. Redundancy analyses showed a significant positive relationship between crayfish densities and percent emergent vegetation and a negative relationship with current velocity and depth. Backwater, stream margin, and vegetated habitats can contain extremely high densities of crayfish and may act as important habitats, especially for Orconectes species. C1 Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Sci Biol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Flinders, CA (reprint author), Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM cflinders@ncasi.org; danmag@uark.edu NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 242 EP 254 DI 10.1651/S-2721.1 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 164LG UT WOS:000246234600009 ER PT J AU Robinson, GR Larkins, P Boughton, CJ Reed, BW Sibrell, PL AF Robinson, Gilpin R., Jr. Larkins, Peter Boughton, Carol J. Reed, Bradley W. Sibrell, Philip L. TI Assessment of contamination from arsenical pesticide use on orchards in the Great Valley region, Virginia and West Virginia, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID LEAD ARSENATE; SOILS; ADSORPTION; PHOSPHATE; RESIDUES; RUNOFF; FATE AB Lead arsenate pesticides were widely used in apple orchards from 1925 to 1955. Soils from historic orchards in four counties in Virginia and West Virginia contained elevated concentrations of As and Ph, consistent with an arsenical pesticide source. Arsenic concentrations in approximately 50% of the orchard site soils and approximately 1% of reference site soils exceed the USEPA Preliminary Remediation Goal (PRG) screening guideline of 22 mg kg(-1) for As in residential soil, defined on the basis of combined chronic exposure risk. Approximately 5% of orchard site soils exceed the USEPA PRG for Ph of 400 mg kg(-1) in residential soil; no reference site soils sampled exceed this value. A variety of statistical methods were used to characterize the occurrence, distribution, and dispersion of arsenical pesticide residues in soils, stream sediments, and ground waters relative to landscape features and likely background conditions. Concentrations of Zn, Ph, and Cu were most strongly associated with high developed land density and population density, whereas elevated concentrations of As were weakly correlated with high orchard density, consistent with a pesticide residue source. Arsenic concentrations in ground water wells in the region are generally <0.005 mg L-1. There was no spatial association between As concentrations in ground water and proximity to orchards. Arsenic had limited mobility into ground water from surface soils contaminated with arsenical pesticide residues at concentrations typically found in orchards. C1 USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. USGS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Robinson, GR (reprint author), USGS, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM grobinso@usgs.gov OI Sibrell, Philip/0000-0001-5666-1228 NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 654 EP 663 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0413 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167DF UT WOS:000246430500006 PM 17412902 ER PT J AU Bohlke, JK O'Connell, ME Prestegaard, KL AF Bohlke, J. K. O'Connell, Michael E. Prestegaard, Karen L. TI Ground water stratification and delivery of nitrate to an incised stream under varying flow conditions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CCL3F; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SURFACE-WATER; DATING TOOLS; SLUG TEST; DENITRIFICATION AB Ground water processes affecting seasonal variations of surface water nitrate concentrations were investigated in an incised first-order stream in an agricultural watershed with a riparian forest in the coastal plain of Maryland. Aquifer characteristics including sediment stratigraphy, geochemistry, and hydraulic properties were examined in combination with chemical and isotopic analyses of ground water, macropore discharge, and stream water. The ground water flow system exhibits vertical stratification of hydraulic properties and redox conditions, with sub-horizontal boundaries that extend beneath the field and adjacent riparian forest. Below the minimum water table position, ground water age gradients indicate low recharge rates (2-5 cm yr(-1)) and long residence times (years to decades), whereas the transient ground water wedge between the maximum and minimum water table positions has a relatively short residence time (months to years), partly because of an upward increase in hydraulic conductivity. Oxygen reduction and denitrification in recharging ground waters are coupled with pyrite oxidation near the minimum water table elevation in a mottled weathering zone in Tertiary marine glauconitic sediments. The incised stream had high nitrate concentrations during high flow conditions when much of the ground water was transmitted rapidly across the riparian zone in a shallow oxic aquifer wedge with abundant outflow macropores, and low nitrate concentrations during low flow conditions when the oxic wedge was smaller and stream discharge was dominated by upwelling from the deeper denitrified parts of the aquifer. Results from this and similar studies illustrate the importance of near-stream geomorphology and subsurface geology as controls of riparian zone function and delivery of nitrate to streams in agricultural watersheds. C1 USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bohlke, JK (reprint author), USGS, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jkbohlke@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 664 EP 680 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0084 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167DF UT WOS:000246430500007 PM 17412903 ER PT J AU Vogel, JR Stoeckel, DM Lamendella, R Zelt, RB Domingo, JWS Walker, SR Oerther, DB AF Vogel, Jason R. Stoeckel, Donald M. Lamendella, Regina Zelt, Ronald B. Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Walker, Steven R. Oerther, Daniel B. TI Identifying fecal sources in a selected catchment reach using multiple source-tracking tools SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NORMALITY; CONTAMINATION; STREPTOCOCCI; SEDIMENTS; POLLUTION; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; IMPACTS AB Given known limitations of current microbial source-tracking (MST) tools, emphasis on small, simple study areas may enhance interpretations of fecal contamination sources in streams. In this study, three MST tools-Escherichia coli repetitive element polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR), coliphage typing, and Bacteroidales 16S rDNA host-associated markers-were evaluated in a selected reach of Plum Creek in south-central Nebraska. Water-quality samples were collected from six sites. One reach was selected for MST evaluation based on observed patterns of E. coli contamination. Despite high E. coli concentrations, coliphages were detected only once among water samples, precluding their use as a MST tool in this setting. Rep-PCR classification of E. coli isolates from both water and sediment samples supported the hypothesis that cattle and wildlife were dominant sources of fecal contamination, with minor contributions by horses and humans. Conversely, neither ruminant nor human sources were detected by Bacteroidales markers in most water samples. In bed sediment, ruminant- and human-associated Bacteroidales markers were detected throughout the interval from 0 to 0.3 m, with detections independent of E. coli concentrations in the sediment. Although results by E. coli-based and Bacteroidales-based MST methods led to similar interpretations, detection of Bacteroidales markers in sediment more commonly than in water indicates that different tools to track fecal contamination (in this case, tools based on Bacteroidales DNA and E. coli isolates) may have varying relevance to the more specific goal of tracking the sources of E. coli in watersheds. This is the first report of simultaneous, toolbox approach application of a library-based and marker-based MST analyses to flowing surface water. C1 USGS, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. USGS, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Nebraska Dept Environm Qual, Lincoln, NE 68509 USA. RP Vogel, JR (reprint author), USGS, 5231 S 19th St, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. EM jrvogel@usgs.gov RI Oerther, Daniel/H-6543-2014; OI Oerther, Daniel/0000-0002-6724-3205; Stoeckel, Don/0000-0003-3772-171X; Zelt, Ronald/0000-0001-9024-855X NR 46 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 718 EP 729 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0246 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167DF UT WOS:000246430500011 PM 17412907 ER PT J AU Gasparini, J Boulinier, T Gill, VA Gil, D Hatch, SA Roulin, A AF Gasparini, J. Boulinier, T. Gill, V. A. Gil, D. Hatch, S. A. Roulin, A. TI Food availability affects the maternal transfer of androgens and antibodies into eggs of a colonial seabird SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immunoglobulins; kittiwake; maternal effects; replacement clutch; testoterone ID KITTIWAKE RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL STRESS; BURGDORFERI-SENSU-LATO; GULL LARUS-FUSCUS; YOLK ANDROGENS; TRANSMISSION; QUALITY; SIZE; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; INVESTMENT AB Mothers can improve the quality of their offspring by increasing the level of certain components in their eggs. To examine whether or not mothers increase deposition of such components in eggs as a function of food availability, we food-supplemented black-legged kittiwake females (Rissa tridactyla) before and during egg laying and compared deposition of androgens and antibodies into eggs of first and experimentally induced replacement clutches. Food-supplemented females transferred lower amounts of androgens and antibodies into eggs of induced replacement clutches than did non-food-supplemented mothers, whereas first clutches presented no differences between treatments. Our results suggest that when females are in lower condition, they transfer more androgens and antibodies into eggs to facilitate chick development despite potential long-term costs for juveniles. Females in prime condition may avoid these potential long-term costs because they can provide their chicks with more and higher quality resources. C1 Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. CNRS, UMR 5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, Montpellier, France. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Fish & Wildlife Res Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, CSIC, Dept Ecol Evolut, Madrid, Spain. RP Gasparini, J (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Batiment Biol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM julien.gasparini@unil.ch RI Gasparini, Julien/J-9263-2012; Gil, Diego/L-1666-2014; Evolutionary Ecology, Ecologia Evolutiva/M-3553-2014; OI Gil, Diego/0000-0003-3179-1987; Boulinier, Thierry/0000-0002-5898-7667 NR 35 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-061X J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 20 IS 3 BP 874 EP 880 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01315.x PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 161BP UT WOS:000245989600005 PM 17465898 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA AF Stapanian, Martin A. TI Restoration and rehabilitation of native species in the Great Lakes: Overview SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rehabilitation; native species; Great Lakes; exotic species control; habitat restoration ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM VITREUM; ERIE; POPULATION; HEXAGENIA; RECOVERY; SUPERIOR; DYNAMICS; WALLEYES C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Studies, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Studies, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 SU 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[1:RARONS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 179EI UT WOS:000247272000001 ER PT J AU Schloesser, DW Manny, BA AF Schloesser, Don W. Manny, Bruce A. TI Restoration of Wildcelery, Vallisneria americana Michx., in the lower Detroit River of the Lake Huron-Lake Erie corridor SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wildcelery; Detroit River; submersed macrophytes ID MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; GREAT-LAKES; MACROPHYTE COMMUNITIES; SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ZEBRA MUSSELS; WILD-CELERY; ABUNDANCE; GROWTH; MICHIGAN AB American wildcelery (Vallisneria americana Michx.) is a valuable submersed aquatic plant that was negatively affected by pollution and urban runoff in the lower Detroit River for much of the 20th century. Following 25 years of water-pollution and urban- runoff abatement initiated in the early 1970s, we postulated that water clarity had increased and that this would allow restoration of wildcelery in the lower Detroit River. In addition, water clarity increased in the late 1980s due to waterfiltration and particulate removal by exotic dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis), which could contribute to potential wildcelery restoration. We sampled wildcelery in 1996-97 and compared these data to wildcelery data from 1950-51 and 1984-85. Over the 48-year period of comparison, areal density of wildcelery tubers decreased 72% (from 51.2 million to 14.4 million tubers) between 1950-51 and 1984-85 then increased 251% (from 14.4 million to 50.5 million tubers) between 1984-85 and 1996-97. As a result, overall areal abundance was about the same in 1950-51 as in fall 1996-97. However, tuber densities in spring 1996 were similar to historical low abundances in springs of 1984-85. Then between spring and fall 1996, tuber densities increased 333% and remained relatively abundant through October 1997 indicating the beginning of the restoration of wildcelery in the lower Detroit River. In addition, we believe further reductions of turbidity through continued pollution-abatement programs and water filtration by dreissenid mussels combined with habitat protection and active management of wildcelery will contribute even further to the restoration of wildcelery in the Detroit River in the 21st century. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Schloesser, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM DSchloesser@usgs.gov NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 SU 1 BP 8 EP 19 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[8:ROWVAM]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 179EI UT WOS:000247272000002 ER PT J AU Krieger, KA Bur, MT Ciborowski, JJH Barton, DR Schloesser, DW AF Krieger, Kenneth A. Bur, Michael T. Ciborowski, Jan J. H. Barton, David R. Schloesser, Don W. TI Distribution and abundance of burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) in Lake Erie, 1997-2005 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hexagenia; Ephemeroptera; mayfly; bioindicator; pollution; hypoxia; Great Lakes ID GOBIES NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; WATER-QUALITY; CENTRAL BASIN; GREAT-LAKES; EPHEMEROPTERA; EPHEMERIDAE; LIMBATA; TEMPERATURE; NYMPHS; POPULATION AB Burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia limbata and H. rigida) recolonized sediments of the western basin of Lake Erie in the 1990s following decades of pollution abatement. We predicted that Hexagenia would also disperse eastward or expand from existing localized populations and colonize large regions of the other basins. We sampled zoobenthos in parts of the western and central basins yearly from 1997-2005, along the north shore of the eastern basin in 2001-2002, and throughout the lake in 2004. In the island area of the western basin, Hexagenia was present at densities <= 1,278 nymphs/m(2) and exhibited higher densities in odd years than even years. By contrast, Hexagenia became more widespread in the central basin from 1997-2000 at densities <= 48 nymphs/m(2) but was mostly absent from 2001-2005. Nymphs were found along an eastern basin transect at densities <= 382/m(2) in 2601 and 2002. During the 2004 lake-wide survey, Hexagenia was found at 63 of 89 stations situated throughout the western basin (<= 1,636 nymphs/m(2), mean = 195 nymphs/m(2), SE = 32, N = 89) but at only 7 of 112 central basin stations, all near the western edge of the basin (<= 708 nymphs/m(2)), and was notfound in the eastern basin. Hexagenia was found at 2 of 62 stations (<= 91 nymphs/m(2)) in harbors, marinas, and tributaries along the south shore of the central basin in 2005. Oxygen depletion at the sediment-water interface and cool temperatures in the hypolimnion tire probably the primary factors preventing successful establishment throughout much of the central basin. Hexagenia can be a useful indicator of lake quality where its distribution and abundance are limited by anthropogenic causes. C1 Heidelberg Coll, Natl Ctr Water Qual Res, Tiffin, OH 44883 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Windsor, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Univ Windsor, Dept Biol Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Krieger, KA (reprint author), Heidelberg Coll, Natl Ctr Water Qual Res, Tiffin, OH 44883 USA. EM kkrieger@heidelberg.edu NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 SU 1 BP 20 EP 33 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[20:DAAOBM]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 179EI UT WOS:000247272000003 ER PT J AU Lantry, BF O'Gorman, R Walsh, MG Casselman, JM Hoyle, JA Keir, MJ Lantry, JR AF Lantry, Brian F. O'Gorman, Robert Walsh, Maureen G. Casselman, John M. Hoyle, James A. Keir, Michael J. Lantry, Jana R. TI Reappearance of deepwater sculpin in Lake Ontario: Resurgence or last gasp of a doomed population? SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; alewife; profundal; food web ID MYOXOCEPHALUS-THOMPSONI; SLIMY SCULPINS; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-WEB; TROUT; MICHIGAN; DYNAMICS; DISAPPEARANCE; PREDATION; MORTALITY AB Deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) were abundant in Lake Ontario in the 1920s and at least common into the 1940s. By the 1960s they were rare and, thereafter, some considered the population extirpated even though a synoptic survey of the lake in 1972 produced three, relatively large (148-165 mm total length, TL), and presumably old, specimens from the northern half of the lake. Deepwater sculpin were absent from annual survey catches in the 1980s and did not reappear until 1996, when three were caught in northern Lake Ontario. Isolated collections of deepwater sculpin continued during 1998-2004. Catches during 1996-2004 included five smaller individuals, 89-118 mm TL. In 2005, catches increased sharply, with 18 deepwater sculpin collected from southern waters and one from northern waters. Moreover, young, small sculpin were dominant in 2005-16 of the 19 sculpins averaged 68 12 mm total length (+/- 1 s.d.). The young fish observed since 1996 could have originated from reproduction by the small in-lake population, from downstream draft of planktonic larvae from Lake Huron, or both. The presence of juveniles is a clear sign that conditionsfor survival of young deepwater sculpin are becoming more favorable, perhaps because of reduced abundance of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), a pelagic planktivore linked to depression of deepwater sculpin in Lake Michigan, and also low abundances of burbot (Lota Iota) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), benthic piscivores. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. Environm Canada, Ontario Sci & Technol Branch, Water Qual Monitoring & Surveillance, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Cape Vincent Fisheries Res Stn, New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Cape Vincent, NY 13618 USA. RP Walsh, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. EM mwalsh@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 SU 1 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[34:RODSIL]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 179EI UT WOS:000247272000004 ER PT J AU Oldenburg, K Stapanian, MA Ryan, PA Holm, E AF Oldenburg, Kurt Stapanian, Martin A. Ryan, Phil A. Holm, Erling TI Potential strategies for recovery of lake whitefish and lake herring stocks in eastern Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake whitefish; lake herring; Lake Erie; recovery; rehabilitation ID GREAT-LAKES; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; RAINBOW SMELT; CASE-HISTORY; SEA LAMPREY; MICHIGAN; COMPETITION; CISCOES; EGGS; REHABILITATION AB Lake Erie sustained large populations of ciscoes (Salmonidae: Coregoninae) 120 years ago. By the end of the 19(th) century, abundance of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) had declined drastically. By 1925, the lake herring (a cisco) population (Coregonus artedii) had collapsed, although a limited lake herring fishery persisted in the eastern basin until the 1950s. In the latter part of the 20(th) century, the composition of the fish community, changed as oligotrophication proceeded. Since 1984, a limited recovery, of lake whitefish has occurred, however no recovery was evident for lake herring. Current ecological conditions in Lake Erie probably will not inhibit recovery of the coregonine species. Recovery of walleye (Sander vitreus) and efforts to rehabilitate the native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Erie will probably assist recovery because these piscivores reduce populations of alewife (Alosa psuedoharengus) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), which inhibit reproductive success of coregonines. Although there are considerable spawning substrates available to coregonine species in eastern Lake Erie, eggs and fry would probably be displaced by storm surge from most shoals. Site selection,for stocking or seeding of eggs should consider the reproductive life cycle of the stocked fish and suitable protection from storm events. Two potential sites in the eastern basin have been identified. Recommended management procedures, including commercial fisheries, are suggested to assist in recovery. Stocking in the eastern basin of Lake Erie is recommended for both species, as conditions are adequate and the native spawning population in the eastern basin is low. For lake herring, consideration should be given to match ecophenotypes as much as possible. Egg seeding is recommended. Egg seeding of lake whitefish should be considered initially, with fingerling or yearling stocking suggested if unsuccessful. Spawning stocks of whitefish in the western basin of Lake Erie could be utilized. C1 Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Erie Management Unit, Port Dover, ON N0A 1N0, Canada. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. Villa Nova Estate Ltd, Simcoe, ON N3Y 4K3, Canada. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. RP Oldenburg, K (reprint author), Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Erie Management Unit, Port Dover, ON N0A 1N0, Canada. EM kurt.oldenburg@ontario.ca OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 SU 1 BP 46 EP 58 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[46:PSFROL]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 179EI UT WOS:000247272000005 ER PT J AU Janssen, J Marsden, JE Bronte, CR Jude, DJ Sitar, SP Goetz, FW AF Janssen, John Marsden, J. Ellen Bronte, Charles R. Jude, David J. Sitar, Shawn P. Goetz, Frederick W. TI Challenges to deep-water reproduction by lake trout: Pertinence to restoration in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE genetic strains; constraints to reproduction; prey availability; predators; exotic species; early life history; swim-bladder inflation ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; GREAT-LAKES; SPAWNING HABITAT; ORCONECTES-PROPINQUUS; EGG DEPOSITION; MYSIS-RELICTA; FOOD-WEB; NEW-YORK; SUPERIOR; SURVIVAL AB Restoration efforts for lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Michigan are increasingly being focused on re-establishment of the species in deep water. This focus is based in part on examination of historical records of indigenous lake trout, which suggest that oft hore reefs, especially deep reefs, sustained the greatest numbers of lake trout. This focus is also based on the increasing impact of non-indigenous species, such as alewife and round goby, on lake trout survival on shallow reefs. Development of a successful strategy,for re-establishing deep-water lake trout in Luke Michigan will require a better understanding of the challenges to a species that evolved in shallow water and whose nearest relatives are shallow-water fishes. The challenges include an annual temperature cycle with fall warming rather than cooling, which may impact reproductive timing and embryo incubation. Deep water presents challenges to fry in that there is no apparent physiological mechanism for producing swim bladder gas and initial filling of the swim bladder at the surface has little impact on buoyancy once a fry returns to depth and the swim bladder is compressed. First feeding is a challenge because there is no local primary production to support a rich prey supply and the phenology of zooplankton prey abundance differs from that in small lakes. We propose that plans for restoration of lake trout into deepwater habitats in Lake Michigan must proceed in concert with research leading to a better understanding of extant deepwater strains in Lake Superior. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, George D Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Janssen, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. EM jjanssen@uwm.edu RI Mensinger, Allen/B-7349-2013 NR 86 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 22 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 SU 1 BP 59 EP 74 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[59:CTDRBL]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 179EI UT WOS:000247272000006 ER PT J AU Gorman, OT AF Gorman, Owen T. TI Changes in a population of exotic rainbow smelt in Lake Superior: Boom to bust, 1974-2005 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake trout; lake herring; population dynamics; cannibalism; competition; predation ID HERRING COREGONUS-ARTEDII; OSMERUS-MORDAX; APPARENT COMPETITION; FISH COMMUNITY; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-WEB; TROUT; RECRUITMENT; PREDATION; ONTARIO AB Changes in a population of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior were chronicled over a 32-yr time series, 1974-2005. At the beginning of the time series, rainbow smelt was the predominant prey species, abundance of lake herring (Coregonis artedi) was very low, and the dominant predator was stocked lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Following a period of successful lake trout stocking in the 1970s, the rainbow smelt population declined sharply in 1980, largely through mortality of adult fish and subsequent poor recruitment. In the succeeding 4 years, rainbow smelt populations reached historic low levels, resulting in reduced food resources for both wild and stocked lake trout. During 1985-1990 lake herring stocks began a spectacular recovery following the appearance of a very strong 1984 year class and subsequent 1988, 1989, and 1990 year classes. Rainbow smelt benefited,from the high abundance of young lake herring as an alternate prey source for lake trout and showed a partial recovery in the late 1980s. However, a growing lake trout population coupled with an 8-yr period of low herring reproduction after 1990 resulted in a diminished rainbow smelt population dominated by age-1 and 2 fish and showing a pattern of alternating recruitment attributed to cannibalism. Low productivity of rainbow smelt and intermittent production of herring over the past decade has left lake trout populations with a diminished prey base. Although lake trout recovery benefited from the presence of rainbow smelt as a prey resource, the Lake Superior fish community was fundamentally altered by the introduction of rainbow smelt. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Gorman, OT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lake Shore Dr, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM owen_gorman@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 16 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 SU 1 BP 75 EP 90 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[75:CIAPOE]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 179EI UT WOS:000247272000007 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Madenjian, CP Tost, J AF Stapanian, Martin A. Madenjian, Charles P. Tost, Jon TI Regional differences in size-at-age of the recovering burbot (Lota lota) population in Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Burbot; Lota lota; Lake Erie; total length-at-age; weight-at-age ID GREAT-LAKES; FISH COMMUNITY; SEA LAMPREY; FOOD-WEB; MICHIGAN; ABUNDANCE; ONTARIO; HURON; WHITEFISH; DYNAMICS AB The burbot Lota Iota population in Lake Erie increased dramatically between 1995 and 2003, due mainly to control c!f the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, which began in the late 1980s. We estimated total length- and weight-at-age at capture for burbot caught in annual gillnet surveys of eastern Lake Erie during August 1994-2003. Mean total length was generally greater for burbot age 4-1) years that were caught in New York waters than in either Ontario or Pennsylvania waters of Lake Erie. Similarly, mean weight was greater for burbot at ages 4 through 6 years in New York waters than in either Ontario or Pennsylvania waters. Age-9 burbot caught in Ontario waters had greater mean weight and mean total length than did age-9 burbot caught in Pennsylvania waters. One possible explanation for greater length- and weight-at-age for New York burbot may be greater abundance of prey fishes, particularly rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax and round goby Neogobius melanostomus in New York waters. Total lengths at ages 4-10 years were generally greater for burbot caught in Lake Erie during 1994-2003 than those from published studies of other large lakes in North America that we considered, including for Lake Erie in 1946. The regional differences in size-at-age have important management ramifications, particularly because a commercial fishery targeting burbot has been considered for Ontario waters of Lake Erie. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. N Shore Environm Serv, Thunder Bay, ON P7A 3R4, Canada. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@USGS.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 SU 1 BP 91 EP 102 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[91:RDISOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 179EI UT WOS:000247272000008 ER PT J AU Fielder, DG Schaeffer, JS Thomas, MV AF Fielder, David G. Schaeffer, Jeffery S. Thomas, Michael V. TI Environmental and ecological conditions surrounding the production of large year classes of walleye (Sander vitreus) in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE walleye; recruitment; Saginaw Bay; alewives; Lake Huron; reproductive success ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; LARVAL YELLOW PERCH; GREAT-LAKES; ONEIDA LAKE; PREY SELECTION; FISH COMMUNITY; RECRUITMENT; SIZE; POPULATION AB The Saginaw Bay walleye population (Sander vitreus) has notfidly recoveredfron? a collapse that began in the 1940s and has been dependent on stocking with only limited natural reproduction. Beginning in 2003, and through at least 2005, reproductive success of walleye surged to unprecedented levels. The increase was concurrent with ecological changes in Lake Huron and we sought to quantitatively model which factors most influenced this new dynamic. We developed Ricker stock-recruitment models for both wild and stock fish and evaluated them with second-order Akaike's information criterion to find the best model. Independent variables included adult alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) abundance, spring water temperatures, chlorophyll a levels and total phosphorus levels. In all, 14 models were evaluated for production of wild age-0 walleyes and eight models for stocked age-0 walleyes. For wild walleyes, adult alewife abundance was the dominant factor, accounting for 58% of the variability in age-0 abundance. Production of wild age-0 fish increased when adult alewives were scarce. The only other plausible factor was spring water temperature. Predictably, alewife abundance was not important to stocked fish; instead temperature and adult walleye abundance were more significant variables. The surge in reproductive success for walleyes during 2003-2005 was most likely due to large declines in adult alewives in Lake Huron. While relatively strong year classes (age-1 and up) have been produced as a result of increased age-0 production during 2003-2005, the overall magnitude has not been as great as the initial age-0 abundance originally suggested. It appears that over-winter mortality is higher than in the past and may stem from higher predation or slower growth (lower condition for enduring winter thermal stress). From this it appears that low alewife abundance does not assure strong walleye year classes in Saginaw Bay but may be a prerequisite,for them. C1 Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena Fisheries Res Stn, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lake St Clair Fisheries Res Stn, Harrison Township, MI 48045 USA. RP Fielder, DG (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena Fisheries Res Stn, 160 E Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. EM fielderd@michigan.gov NR 48 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 23 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 SU 1 BP 118 EP 132 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[118:EAECST]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 179EI UT WOS:000247272000010 ER PT J AU Gruner, SV Slone, DH Capinera, JL AF Gruner, Susan V. Slone, Daniel H. Capinera, John L. TI Forensically important Calliphoridae (Diptera) associated with pig carrion in rural north-central Florida SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forensic entomology; successional pattern; postmortem interval ID BLOW FLIES DIPTERA; POSTMORTEM INTERVAL; SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA; WILDLIFE CARCASSES; SUCCESSION; ENTOMOLOGY; DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATURE; LOUISIANA; INSECTS AB A study to determine the relative abundance and seasonality of forensically important blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in rural north-central Florida was conducted using pig carcasses (Sus scrofa L.) as models for human bodies. Seven species of Calliphoridae were collected: Lucilia coeruleiviridis (=Phaenicia) (Macquart), Cochliomyia macellaria (F.), Chrysomya rufifaces (Maequart), Phormia regina (Meigen), Chrysomya megacephala (F.), and a few specimens of Calliphora livida Hall, and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy. Species composition in aerial collections of adult flies, preserved larval collections, and samples of larvae reared to the adult stage were all highly correlated. Relative abundance of the species found was significantly different, with L. coeruleiviridis the most abundant species year-round. The relative abundance of the collected species varied significantly by day of decomposition and by season, with significant interactions between season and day, season and species, and day and species. L. coeruleiviridis, C. macellaria, C. rufifaces, and P. regina were found during the entire year, two C. vicina specimens and 11 C. livida specimens were collected from December to March, whereas C. megacephala was collected only from June through September. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USGS Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Gruner, SV (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, POB 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM savethemaggots@cox.net OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 25 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 509 EP 515 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[509:FICDAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 165TL UT WOS:000246328500017 PM 17547239 ER PT J AU Slone, DH Gruner, SV AF Slone, D. H. Gruner, S. V. TI Thermoregulation in larval aggregations of carrion-feeding blow flies (Diptera : Calliphoridae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forensic entomology; homeostasis; maggot mass; thermal ecology; crime scene ID FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY; DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATURES; SUCCESSION; RATES AB The growth and development of carrion-feeding calliphorid (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae, or maggots, is of great interest to forensic sciences, especially for estimation of a postmortem interval (PMI). The development rate of calliphorid larvae is influenced by the temperature of their immediate environment. Heat generation in larval feeding aggregations (=maggot masses) is a well-known phenomenon, but it has not been quantitatively described. Calculated development rates that do not include internally generated temperatures will result in overestimation of PMI. Over a period of 2.5 yr, 80 pig, SUS scrofa L., carcasses were placed out at study sites in north central Florida and northwestern Indiana. Once larval aggregations started to form, multiple internal and external temperatures, and weather observations were taken daily or every few days between 1400 and 1800 hours until pupation of the larvae. Volume of each aggregation was determined by measuring surface area and average depth. Live and preserved samples of larvae were taken for species identification. The four most common species collected were Lucilia coeruleiviridis (=Phaenicia) (Macquart) (77%), Cochliomyia macellaria (F.) (8.3%), Chrysomya rufifaces (Macquart) (7.7%), and Phormia regina (Meigen) (5.5%). Statistical analyses showed that 1) volume of a larval mass had a strong influence on its temperature, 2) internal temperatures of masses on the ground were influenced by sod temperature and mass volume, 3) internal temperatures of masses smaller than 20 cm 3 were influenced by ambient air temperature and mass volume, and 4) masses larger than 20 cm(3) on the carcass had strongly regulated internal temperatures determined only by the volume of the mass, with larger volumes associated with higher temperatures. Nonsignificant factors included presence of rain or clouds, shape of the aggregation, weight of the carcass, species composition of the aggregation, time since death, or season. C1 USGS Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Slone, DH (reprint author), USGS Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 2201 NW 40th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727 NR 24 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 10 U2 28 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 516 EP 523 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[516:TILAOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 165TL UT WOS:000246328500018 PM 17547240 ER PT J AU Hildreth, W Wilson, CJN AF Hildreth, Wes Wilson, Colin J. N. TI Compositional zoning of the Bishop Tuff SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Review DE Bishop Tuff; ignimbrite; magma zonation; mush model; rhyolite ID LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; SILICIC MAGMA CHAMBER; FE-TI OXIDES; PLATEAU VOLCANIC FIELD; RHYOLITIC MAGMA; RESIDENCE TIMES; GLASS MOUNTAIN; NEW-ZEALAND; MELT INCLUSIONS; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION AB Compositional data for > 400 pumice clasts, organized according to eruptive sequence, crystal content, and texture, provide new perspectives on eruption and pre-eruptive evolution of the > 600 km(3) of zoned rhyolitic magma ejected as the Bishop Tuff during formation of Long Valley caldera. Proportions and compositions of different pumice types are given for each ignimbrite package and for the intercalated plinian pumice fall layers that erupted synchronously. Although withdrawal of the zoned magma was less systematic than previously realized, the overall sequence displays trends toward greater Proportions of less evolved pumice, more crystals (0.5-24 wt %), and higher FeTi-oxide temperatures (714-818 degrees C). No significant hiatus took place during the 6 day eruption of the Bishop Tuff, nearly all of which issued from an integrated, zoned, unitary reservoir. Shortly before eruption, however, the zoned melt-dominant portion of the chamber was invaded by batches of disparate lower-silica rhyolite magma, poorer in crystals than most of the resident magma but slightly holler and richer in Ba, Sr, and Ti. Interaction with resident magma at the deepest levels tapped promoted growth of Ti-rich rims on quartz, Ba-rich rims on sanidine, and entrapment of near-rim melt inclusions relatively enriched in Ba and CO2. Varied amounts of mingling, even in higher parts of the chamber, led to the dark gray and swirly crystal-poor pumices sparsely present in all ash-flow packages. As shown by FeTi-oxide geothermometry, the zoned rhyolitic chamber was hottest where crystal-richest, rendering any model of solidification fronts at the walls or roof unlikely. The main compositional gradient (75-195 ppm Rb; 0.8-2.2 ppm Ta; 71-154 ppm Zr; 0.40-1.73% FeO*) existed in the melt, prior to crystallization of the phenocryst suite observed, which included zircon as much as 100 kyr older than the eruption. The compositions of crystals, though themselves largely unzoned, generally reflect magma temperature and the bulk compositional gradient, implying both that few crystals settled or were transported far and that the observed crystals contributed little to establishing that gradient. Upward increases in aqueous gas and dissolved water, combined with the adiabatic gradient (for the similar to 5 km depth range tapped) and the roofward decline in liquidus temperature of the zoned melt, prevented significant crystallization against the roof, consistent with dominance of crystal poor magma early in the eruption and lack of any roof-rind fragments among the Bishop ejecta, before or after onset of caldera collapse. A model of secular incremental zoning is advanced wherein numerous batches of crystal poor melt were released from a mush zone, (many kilometers thick) that floored the accumulating rhyolilic melt-rich body. Each batch rose to its own appropriate level in the melt-buoyancy gradient, which was self-sustaining against wholesale convective re-homogenization, while the thick mush zone below buffered it against disruption by the deeper (non-rhyolitic) recharge that augmented the mush zone and thermally sustained the whole magma chamber. Crystal-melt fractionation was the dominant zoning process, but it took place not principally in the shallow melt-rich body but mostly in the pluton-scale mush zone before and during batchwise melt extraction. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Auckland, Sch Geog Geol & Environm Sci, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. RP Hildreth, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hildreth@usgs.gov RI Wilson, Colin/E-9457-2011 OI Wilson, Colin/0000-0001-7565-0743 NR 149 TC 192 Z9 192 U1 4 U2 42 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 48 IS 5 BP 951 EP 999 DI 10.1093/petrology/egm007 PG 49 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 176ET UT WOS:000247068000005 ER PT J AU Donoghue, SL Vallance, J Smith, IEM Stewart, RB AF Donoghue, Susan L. Vallance, James Smith, Ian E. M. Stewart, Robert B. TI Using geochemistry as a tool for correlating proximal andesitic tephra: case studies from Mt Rainier (USA) and Mt Ruapehu (New Zealand) SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mount Ruapehu; Mount Rainier; Andesite; Tephra; geochemical correlation ID TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; LATE QUATERNARY TEPHRAS; EASTERN NORTH-ISLAND; EGMONT VOLCANO; MOUNT-RAINIER; GLASS SHARDS; STRATIGRAPHY; HISTORY; WASHINGTON; ERUPTIONS AB Volcanic hazards assessments at andesite stratovolcanoes rely on the assessment of frequency and magnitude of past events. The identification and correlation of proximal and distal andesitic tephra, which record the explosive eruptive history, are integral to such assessments. These tephra are potentially valuable stratigraphic marker beds useful to the temporal correlation and age dating of Quaternary volcanic, volcaniclastic and epiclastic sedimentary deposits with which they are interbedded. At Mt Ruapehu (New Zealand) and Mt Rainier (USA), much of the detail of the recent volcanic record remains unresolved because of the difficulty in identifying proximal tephra. This study investigates the value of geochemical methods in discriminating andesitic tephra. Our dataset comprises petrological and geochemical analyses of tephra that span the late Quaternary eruptive record of each volcano. Our data illustrate that andesitic tephra are remarkably heterogeneous in composition. Tephra compositions fluctuate widely over short time intervals, and there are no simple or systematic temporal trends in geochemistry within either eruptive record. This complexity in tephra geochemistry limits the application of geochemical approaches to tephrostratigraphic studies, beyond a general characterisation useful to provenance assignation. Petrological and geochemical data suggest that the products of andesite systems are inherently variable and therefore intractable to discrimination by simple geochemical methods alone. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. Univ Auckland, Dept Geol, Auckland, New Zealand. Massey Univ, Nat Resources Inst, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Donoghue, SL (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, 3F James Lee Sci Bldg,Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM donoghue@hkucc.hku.hk RI Smith, Ian/B-2540-2010; OI Smith, Ian/0000-0001-8473-3372 NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0267-8179 J9 J QUATERNARY SCI JI J. Quat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 395 EP 410 DI 10.1002/jqs.1065 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 160UH UT WOS:000245967300008 ER PT J AU Andrews, JT Eberl, DD AF Andrews, John T. Eberl, Dennis D. TI Quantitative mineralogy of surface sediments on the Iceland shelf, and application to down-core studies of Holocene ice-rafted sediments SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EAST GREENLAND MARGIN; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; LATE QUATERNARY; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SEA-ICE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GLACIAL HISTORY; FRAM STRAIT; VARIABILITY AB Quantitative X-ray diffraction analyses on the < 2 mm sediment fraction from the Iceland shelves are reported for subglacial diamictons, seafloor surface sediments, and the last 2000 cal yr BP from two cores. The overall goal of the paper is to characterize the spatial variability of the mineralogy of the present-day surface sediments (18 non-clay minerals and 7 clay minerals), compare that with largely in situ erosional products typified by the composition of subglacial diamictons, and finally examine the late Holocene temporal variability in mineral composition using multi-mineral compositions. The subglacial diamictons are dominated in the non-clay-mineral fraction by the plagioclase feldspars and pyroxene with 36.7 +/- 6.1 and 17.9 +/- 3.5 wt % respectively, with smectites being the dominant clay minerals. The surface seafloor sediments have similar compositions although there are substantial amounts of calcite, plus there is a distinct band of sites from NW to N-central Iceland that contain 1-6 wt% of quartz. This latter distribution mimics the modern and historic pattern of drift ice in Iceland waters. Principal component analysis of the transformed wt% (log-ratio) non-clay minerals is used to compare the subglacial, surface, and down-core mineral compositions. Fifty-eight percent of the variance is explained by the first two axes, with dolomite, microcline, and quartz being important "foreign" species. These analyses indicate that today the NW-N-central Iceland shelf is affected by the import of exotic minerals, which are transported and released from drift ice. The down-core mineralogy indicates that this is a process that has varied over the last 2000 cal yr BP. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Andrews, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 78 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 EI 1938-3681 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5-6 BP 469 EP 479 DI 10.2110/jsr.2007.045 PG 11 WC Geology SC Geology GA 175BS UT WOS:000246987800010 ER PT J AU Franson, JC Hoffman, DJ Wells-Berlin, A Perry, MC Shearn-Bochsler, V Finley, DL Flint, PL Hollmen, T AF Franson, J. Christian Hoffman, David J. Wells-Berlin, Alicia Perry, Matthew C. Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie Finley, Daniel L. Flint, Paul L. Hollmen, Tuula TI Effects of dietary selenium on tissue concentrations, pathology, oxidative stress, and immune function in common eiders (Somateria mollissima) SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID LONG-TAILED DUCKS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; AQUATIC BIRDS; GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM; MALLARD DUCKS; BIOMARKER RESPONSES; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; EMPEROR GEESE; ALASKA; BLOOD AB Common eiders (Somateria mollissima) were fed added Se (as L-selenomethionine) in concentrations increasing from 10 to 80 ppm in a pilot study (Study 1) or 20 (low exposure) and up to 60 (high exposure) ppm Se in Study 2. Body weights of Study I ducks and high-exposure ducks in Study 2 declined rapidly. Mean concentrations of Se in blood reached 32.4 ppm wet weight in Study 1 and 17.5 ppm wet weight in high-exposure birds in Study 2. Mean Se concentrations in liver ranged from 351 (low exposure, Study 2) to 1252 ppm dry weight (Study 1). Oxidative stress was evidenced by Se-associated effects on glutathione metabolism. As Se concentrations in liver increased, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione reductase activity, oxidized glutathione levels, and the ratio of hepatic oxidized to reduced glutathione increased. In Study 2, the T-cell-mediated immune response was adversely affected in high-exposure eiders, but ducks in the low-exposure group exhibited evidence of an enhanced antibody-mediated immune response. Gross lesions in high-exposure ducks included emaciation, absence of thymus, and loss of nails from digits. Histologic lesions included severe depletion of lymphoid organs, hepatopathy, and necrosis of feather pulp and feather epithelium. Field studies showed that apparently healthy sea ducks generally have higher levels of Se in liver than healthy fresh-water birds, but lower than concentrations found in our study. Data indicate that common ciders and probably other sea ducks possess a higher threshold, or adverse effect level, for Se in tissues than fresh-water species. However, common eiders developed signs of Se toxicity similar to those seen in fresh-water birds. C1 USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK USA. RP Franson, JC (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM chris_franson@usgs.gov OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD MAY PY 2007 VL 70 IS 9-10 BP 861 EP 874 DI 10.1080/15287390701212760 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 162CP UT WOS:000246064700018 PM 17454562 ER PT J AU Neubaum, DJ Wilson, KR O'Shea, TJ AF Neubaum, Daniel J. Wilson, Kenneth R. O'Shea, Thomas J. TI Urban maternity-roost selection by big brown bats in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic structures; big brown bat; Eptesicus fuscus; information theory; landscape scale; maternity-roost selection; microhabitat scale; urbanization ID EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; ROCK CREVICES; PIPISTRELLUS-PIPISTRELLUS; HABITAT SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; VESPERTILIONIDAE; CHIROPTERA; BUILDINGS; PATTERNS; COLONIES AB Despite prevalent use of anthropogenic structures by bats and the associated implications for public health, management, and bat conservation, very little quantitative information exists about urban roost characteristics and their selection by bats. During the summers of 2001 to 2004 we conducted fieldwork in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, situated on the northern end of Colorado's Front Range, to address questions of roost selection by the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus). The city has experienced its greatest growth in the past half century, with its population increasing by 30% in the last decade. Similar growth in new buildings has occurred, with the number of new housing permits issued annually doubling in the past decade. We located 142 roosts using radiotelemetry or by citizen calls in response to a newspaper article and flyers. To determine characteristics of roost selectivity by bats, we compared variables for known maternity roosts and randomly selected buildings at microhabitat and landscape scales using logistic regression; we used an information theoretic approach to determine which variables were most important. We considered 44 and 100 buildings in the microhabitat and landscape scale analyses, respectively. At the microhabitat scale maternity roosts had exit points with larger areas that were higher from the ground and had warmer average temperatures than randomly selected buildings. At the landscape scale distances to similarly categorized roosts were smaller, and urbanization variables such as lower building density, higher street density, and lower traffic count density were most important. Results for variables important to urban-roosting big brown bats were often analogous to studies that characterized maternity roosts found in tree snags and rock crevices. In addition, changes in the landscape, not only in the form of anthropogenic structures but also in water availability and vegetation structure such as riparian forests, may have led to population increases and range expansions of the big brown bat. Because big brown bats appear to selectively choose specific combinations of characteristics found at maternity roosts, not all available structures can be considered suitable and exclusion from established maternity roosts may negatively impact bat populations. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Neubaum, DJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM dmneubaum@peoplepc.com NR 44 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 27 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 728 EP 736 DI 10.2193/2005-684 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 168AU UT WOS:000246495300008 ER PT J AU Kesler, DC Haig, SM AF Kesler, Dylan C. Haig, Susan M. TI Multiscale habitat use and selection in cooperatively breeding micronesian kingfishers SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cooperative breeding; Halcyon cinnamomina; island conservation; Micronesia; Micronesian kingfisher; movement; Pohnpei; Todirampbus cinnamominus ID RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; SEYCHELLES WARBLER; TERRITORY QUALITY; ACORN WOODPECKER; AVAILABILITY; DISPERSAL; EVOLUTION; PHILOPATRY; POHNPEI; GUAM AB Information about the interaction between behavior and landscape resources is key to directing conservation management for endangered species. We studied multi-scale occurrence, habitat use, and selection in a cooperatively breeding population of Micronesian kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus) on the island of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. At the landscape level, point-transect surveys resulted in kingfisher detection frequencies that were higher than those reported in 1994, although they remained 15-40% lower than 1983 indices. Integration of spatially explicit vegetation information with survey results indicated that kingfisher detections were positively associated with the amount of wet forest and grass-urban vegetative cover, and they were negatively associated with agricultural forest, secondary vegetation, and upland forest cover types. We used radiotelemetry and remote sensing to evaluate habitat use by individual kingfishers at the home-range scale. A comparison of habitats in Micronesian kingfisher home ranges with those in randomly placed polygons illustrated that birds used more forested areas than were randomly available in the immediate surrounding area. Further, members of cooperatively breeding groups included more forest in their home ranges than birds in pair-breeding territories, and forested portions of study areas appeared to be saturated with territories. Together, these results suggested that forest habitats were limited for Micronesian kingfishers. Thus, protecting and managing forests is important for the restoration of Micronesian kingfishers to the island of Guam (United States Territory), where they are currently extirpated, as well as to maintaining kingfisher populations on the islands of Pohnpei and Palau. Results further indicated that limited forest resources may restrict dispersal opportunities and, therefore, play a role in delayed dispersal and cooperative behaviors in Micronesian kingfishers. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kesler, DC (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, 4095 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM DylanKesler@picra.net NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 765 EP 772 DI 10.2193/2006-011 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 168AU UT WOS:000246495300013 ER PT J AU Haramis, GM Kearns, GD AF Haramis, G. Michael Kearns, Gregory D. TI Herbivory by resident geese: The loss and recovery of wild rice along the tidal patuxent river SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Branta canadensis; Chesapeake Bay; herbivory; Patuxent River; resident Canada geese; wild rice; Zizania aquatica var. aquatica ID ZIZANIA-AQUATICA; ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS; VARIABILITY AB Well known for a fall spectacle of maturing wild rice (Zizania aquatica) and migrant waterbirds, the tidal freshwater marshes of the Patuxent River, Maryland, USA, experienced a major decline in wild rice during the 1990s. We conducted experiments in 1999 and 2000 with fenced exclosures and discovered herbivory by resident Canada geese (Branta canadensis). Grazing by geese eliminated rice outside exclosures, whereas protected plants achieved greater size, density, and produced more panicles than rice occurring in natural stands. The observed loss of rice on the Patuxent River reflects both the sensitivity of this annual plant to herbivory and the destructive nature of an overabundance of resident geese on natural marsh vegetation. Recovery of rice followed 2 management actions: hunting removal of approximately 1,700 geese during a 4-year period and reestablishment of rice through a large-scale fencing and planting program. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Maryland Natl Capital Pk & Planning Commiss, Upper Marlboro, MD 20772 USA. RP Haramis, GM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Bldg 308,Room 114,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mharamis@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 788 EP 794 DI 10.2193/2006-350 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 168AU UT WOS:000246495300017 ER PT J AU Merriman, JW Boal, CW Bashore, TL Zwank, PJ Wester, DB AF Merriman, Joel W. Boal, Clint W. Bashore, Terry L. Zwank, Phillip J. Wester, David B. TI Abundance of diurnal raptors in relation to prairie dog colonies: Implications for bird-aircraft strike hazard SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bird-aircraft strike hazard; black-tailed prairie dog; Cynomys ludovicianus; Falconiformes; hawk; raptor ID WINTERING FERRUGINOUS HAWKS; RANKING; PLAGUE AB Some diurnal raptors are frequently observed at prairie dog (Cynomys sp.) colonies. As a result, some military installations have conducted prairie dog control activities to reduce the bird-aircraft strike hazard (BASH) potential of low-flying aircraft. To evaluate the validity of this management strategy, we assessed raptor associations with prairie dog colonies at 2 short-grass prairie study areas: southern Lubbock County, Texas, USA, and Melrose Bombing and Gunnery Range in cast-central New Mexico, USA. We quantified diurnal raptors (i.e., Falconiformes) at plots occupied (colony plots) and unoccupied (noncolony plots) by black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) at both sites throughout 2002. We compared the number of individual birds of a given species at colony and noncolony plots within each study area by season. Ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis) and northern harriers (Circus cyaneus) were more abundant at colony plots, whereas Swainson's hawks (B. swainsoni) and American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were more abundant at noncolony plots. Red-tailed hawk (B. jamaicensis) abundance did not differ between the 2 plot types. Our results suggest prairie dog control as a method of reducing BASH potential may be effective at some sites but may be ineffective or even increase the BASH potential at others. Thus, bird-avoidance models assessing the BASH potential should be conducted on a site-specific basis using information on relative and seasonal abundances of individual raptor species and the relative strike risks they pose to aircraft. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USAF, Ranges Airfields & Airspace Operat Requirements D, HQ ACC DORP, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Merriman, JW (reprint author), Raedeke Associates Inc, 5711 NE 63rd St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 811 EP 815 DI 10.2193/2006-373 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 168AU UT WOS:000246495300020 ER PT J AU Rivera-Milan, FF Bonilla-Martinez, G AF Rivera-Milan, Frank F. Bonilla-Martinez, Gilbert TI Estimation of abundance and recommendations for monitoring white-cheeked pintails in wetlands of Puerto Rico and territorial islands SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; Anas bahamensis; Culebra Island; distance sampling; point-transect surveys; Puerto Rico; Vieques Island; wetlands; white-cheeked pintail ID AVIAN CONSERVATION; POPULATION-SIZE; DENSITY; TRENDS; FIELD AB The white-cheeked pintail (Anas bahamensis) is, listed as threatened, and survey data are needed to assess population status, estimate trends, and guide management on Puerto Rico and territorial islands. We surveyed 51 points in 29 wetland sites to estimate density and population size after the peak of reproduction (Mar-Jul) and before the waterfowl hunting season (Nov-Jan). Estimated density was 2.33 individuals/ha (SE = 0.27), and estimated population size was 3,755 individuals (SE = 435, log-normal 95% CI = 2,995 to 4,708) in 1,614 ha surveyed in August-October 2003-2005. Density differed between August-October 2003 (D = 3.07 individuals/ha, SE = 0.41) and 2004 (L) 1.26 individuals/ha, SE = 0.17) and between August-October 2004 and 2005 (D = 2.54 individuals/ha, SE = 0.47) but not between August-October 2003 and 2005. Spatial distribution ranged from nearly random (estimate of dispersion parameter [b] = 0.99) to highly clumped (b = 3.71). We suggest that spatiotemporal variation of wetland hydrochemical conditions caused changes in foraging resources, which in turn caused changes in white-cheeked pintail density and spacing patterns. We recommend surveying 186 points 3 times in August-October for estimated density to have a coefficient of variation of 0.10, even when white-checked pintails are highly clustered (estimate of exp cluster size, E[s] = 16.1, SE = 2.8) and clumped (b = 4) in space. We provide additional recommendations for integrating monitoring, research, and management objectives to better understand the ecology and promote the conservation of white-cheeked pintails and their habitats locally and regionally. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Int Conservat, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Dept Nat & Environm Resources, San Juan, PR 00906 USA. RP Rivera-Milan, FF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM frank_rivera@fws.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 861 EP 867 DI 10.2193/2006-068 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 168AU UT WOS:000246495300026 ER PT J AU Sawyer, H Nielson, RM Lindzey, FG Keith, L Powell, JH Abraham, AA AF Sawyer, Hall Nielson, Ryan M. Lindzey, Fred G. Keith, Lorraine Powell, Jake H. Abraham, Anu A. TI Habitat selection of Rocky Mountain elk in a nonforested environment SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; global positioning system; habitat selection; negative binomial; resource selection probability function; Rocky Mountain elk; Wyoming ID CALVING SEASON; ROOSEVELT ELK; IDAHO; DISTURBANCE; MOVEMENT; PATTERNS; MONTANA; DENSITY; SUCCESS; HUMANS AB Recent expansions by Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) into nonforested habitats across the Intermountain West have required managers to reconsider the traditional paradigms of forage and cover as they relate to managing elk and their habitats. We examined seasonal habitat selection patterns of a hunted elk population in a nonforested high-desert region of southwestern Wyoming, USA. We used 35,246 global positioning system locations collected from 33 adult female elk to model probability of use as a function of 6 habitat variables: slope, aspect, elevation, habitat diversity, distance to shrub cover, and distance to road. We developed resource selection probability functions for individual elk, and then we averaged the coefficients to estimate population-level models for summer and winter periods. We used the population-level models to generate predictive maps by assigning pixels across the study area to 1 of 4 use categories (i.e., high, medium-high, medium-low, or low), based on quartiles of the predictions. Model coefficients and predictive maps indicated that elk selected for summer habitats characterized by higher elevations in areas of high vegetative diversity, close to shrub cover, northerly aspects, moderate slopes, and away from roads. Winter habitat selection patterns were similar, except elk shifted to areas with lower elevations and southerly aspects. We validated predictive maps by using 528 locations collected from an independent sample of radiomarked elk (n = 55) and calculating the proportion of locations that occurred in each of the 4 use categories. Together, the high- and medium-high use categories of the summer and winter predictive maps contained 92% and 74% of summer and winter elk locations, respectively. Our population-level models and associated predictive maps were successful in predicting winter and summer habitat use by elk in a nonforested environment. In the absence of forest cover, elk seemed to rely on a combination of shrubs, topography, and low human disturbance to meet their thermal and hiding cover requirements. C1 Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Bur Land Management, Rock Springs, WY 82901 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Sawyer, H (reprint author), Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, 2003 Cent Ave, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. EM hsawyer@west-inc.com NR 44 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 47 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 868 EP 874 DI 10.2193/2006-131 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 168AU UT WOS:000246495300027 ER PT J AU Lomas, LA Bender, LC AF Lomas, Laurie A. Bender, Louis C. TI Survival and cause-specific mortality of neonatal mule deer fawns, north-central New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE birth mass; fawns; habitat; mule deer; New Mexico; nutritional condition; Odocoileus hemionus; population; survival ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-HISPANICUS; RED DEER; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MILK-PRODUCTION; BIRTH DATE; WASHINGTON; TELEMETRY; TEXAS AB Because of significant declines in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations across New Mexico, USA, we investigated survival of fawns in north-central New Mexico, USA. We captured 19 fawns, 34 fawns, and 47 fawns in 2002, 2003, and 2004, respectively, and used fawn morphological measurements, habitat characteristics, and adult female (hereafter "female") condition to model preweaning fawn survival. Survival was 0.0, 0.12, 0.52 for 2002, 2003, and 2004, respectively, and was related to bir-th mass (chi(2)(1) = 9.5, P=0.002), birth date (chi(2)(1) = 8.4, P = 0.004), litter size (chi(2)(2) = 9.4, P = 0.009), female body fat (chi(2)(1) = 40.9, P < 0.001), annual precipitation (chi(2)(1) = 35.0, P < 0.001), summer precipitation (chi(2)(1) - 37.5, P < 0.001), and winter precipitation (chi(2)(1) = 32.0, P < 0.001). Total ingesta-free body fat of females (beta = 3.01, SE = 0.75; odds ratio = 20.19, 95% CI=4.64-87.91) and birth mass of fawns (beta = 1.188, SE = 0.428; odds ratio = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.42-7.59) were the best predictors of survival of individual fawns, although few of the logistic models differed in model selection criteria. Fawn survival in north-central New Mexico was driven by an interaction of total and seasonal precipitation and its effect on plant production, consequential effects on female nutrition, and ultimately, fawn birth attributes. Habitat conditions were so poor throughout north-central New Mexico during 2002 and 2003 (and likely during other drought yr) that, based upon birth attributes, few fawns could have survived regardless of proximate causes of mortality. In 2004, precipitation enhanced security cover, maternal body condition, birth attributes and, thus, survival of fawns. However, more habitat enhancements are needed to improve the nutritional quality of mule deer habitats in north-central New Mexico and further enhance maternal and fawn condition to recover mule deer populations in this region. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Lomas, LA (reprint author), Trinity River Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 10015, Trinity, TX 77575 USA. EM lbender@nmsu.edu NR 59 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 884 EP 894 DI 10.2193/2006-203 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 168AU UT WOS:000246495300029 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, L. D. TI Femur-marrow fat of white-tailed deer fawns killed by wolves SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; marrow fat; mortality; nutritional condition; Odocoileus virginianus; predation; white-tailed deer; wolf ID NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; WOLF PREDATION; MORTALITY AB I present marrow fat (MF) data from a large sample of white-tailed deer fawns killed by wolves and a sample of fawns that died by accident in a single area, and I use these data to explore the extent that poor nutritional condition may have predisposed fawns to wolf predation. Percent MF of 110 5-10-month-old white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns killed by wolves (Canis lupus) from November through April 1984-2002 in northeastern Minnesota, USA, was lower than MF for 23 fawns killed by accidents in the same area and period. The MF of both male and female wolf-killed fawns decreased over winter. The MF of male fawns decreased as a snow-depth index increased, but MF of females showed little relationship to the snow-depth index and was higher than that of males. Poor nutritional condition is one factor that predisposes deer fawns to wolf predation during winter and spring. This information expands our knowledge of wolf-prey relations by documenting that, even with younger prey animals that might be thought vulnerable because of youth alone, poor nutritional condition also is an important factor predisposing them to wolf predation. C1 US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM david_mech@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 920 EP 923 DI 10.2193/2006-153 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 168AU UT WOS:000246495300035 ER PT J AU Hellgren, EC Bales, SL Gregory, MS Leslie, DM Clark, JD AF Hellgren, Eric C. Bales, Sara L. Gregory, Mark S. Leslie, David M., Jr. Clark, Joseph D. TI Testing a mahalanobis distance model of black bear habitat use in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black bear; habitat modeling; Mahalanobis distance; Oklahoma; Ursus americanus; validation ID POPULATION; GIS; MANAGEMENT AB Regional wildlife-habitat models are commonly developed but rarely tested with truly independent data. We tested a published habitat model for black bears (Ursus americanus) with new data collected in a different site in the same ecological region (i.e., Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma, USA). We used a Mahalanobis distance model developed from relocations of black bears in Arkansas to produce a map layer of Mahalanobis distances on a study area in neighboring Oklahoma. We tested this modeled map layer with relocations of blackbears on the Oklahoma area. The distributions of relocations of female black bears were consistent with model predictions. We conclude that this modeling approach can be used to predict regional suitability for a species of interest. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hellgren, EC (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Mailcode 6504, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM hellgren@siu.edu OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 924 EP 928 DI 10.2193/2006-031 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 168AU UT WOS:000246495300036 ER PT J AU Rode, KD Farley, SD Fortin, J Robbins, CT AF Rode, Karyn D. Farley, Sean D. Fortin, Jennifer Robbins, Charles T. TI Nutritional consequences of experimentally introduced tourism in brown bears SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE behavior; brown bears; displacement; ecotourism; nutrition; resource use; Ursus arctos ID HUMAN DISTURBANCE; GRIZZLY BEARS; BLACK BEARS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; POSITIVE IMPACTS; ALASKAN BROWN; ECOTOURISM; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; SALMON AB Although numerous studies have documented behavioral effects of nature-based tourism on wildlife populations, few studies have determined whether behavioral changes translate to effects on individual condition and population health. This issue is currently a concern for wildlife managers in Alaska, USA, and Canada where bear viewing is a rapidly growing industry expanding into previously undisturbed bear habitats. Rather than record observations at long established tourism sites, we experimentally introduced bear viewing into 2 relatively undisturbed brown bear (Ursus arctos) populations in south-central Alaska. We examined the nutritional consequences of behavioral changes induced by the presence and activity of bear viewers for bears feeding on early summer vegetation and late-summer salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch and O. nerka). We used Global Positioning System collars, monitored food resource availability, and quantified individual resource use and condition for a year prior to and during the introduction of bear viewing. Though bear viewing altered spatiotemporal resource use in all treatments, total resource use declined only when we exposed bears to 24-hour daily human activity. Energy expenditure, indexed as daily travel distances, was significantly higher when bears responded by altering spatial rather than temporal resource use. However, body weight and composition were unaffected by all treatments as bears shifted their foraging to other locations or times. Managers can minimize nutritional impacts of bear-viewing programs by avoiding spatial displacement and providing predictable time periods when bears can access food resources free of human activity. Bears in this study exhibited a high degree of behavioral plasticity, which may be an important factor in identifying flagship species for sustainable ecotourism programs. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Rode, KD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM karyn_rode@fws.gov OI Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 929 EP 939 DI 10.2193/2006-075 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 168AU UT WOS:000246495300037 ER PT J AU Althoff, DP Althoff, PS Lambrecht, ND Gipson, PS Pontius, JS Woodford, PB AF Althoff, D. P. Althoff, P. S. Lambrecht, N. D. Gipson, P. S. Pontius, J. S. Woodford, P. B. TI Soil properties and perceived disturbance of grasslands subjected to mechanized military training: Evaluation of an index SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE disturbance index; grasslands; mechanized military training; nematodes; soil properties; soil compaction; Kansas; USA ID NEMATODE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; SPECIES COMPOSITION; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEM; MANEUVERS; NITROGEN; IMPACTS; QUALITY AB Mechanized maneuver training impacts the landscape by creating depressions, compacting soils, producing bare ground areas, transporting seeds of invasive plants, and crushing vegetation. We measured 3 physical, 13 chemical, and 2 biological soil properties and used a disturbance index (DI) based on perceptions of soil conditions on a military installation to assess the condition of 100 x 100m plots (1 ha): 10 in 2002 and 10 in 2004. Potential DI scores range from 0 (no appreciable evidence of disturbance) to 1 (>95 per cent of the plot disturbed). Bulk density, porosity (%), and water content (%)- all at 5-1-10-Ocm depth, and nematode family richness (NFR) were significantly, negatively correlated (Spearman coefficients, rs) with the DI of both years. The strong negative correlation (r(s) = -0-69 in 2002, -0-79 in 2004) of NFR with the DI appears to reflect the status of nematode diversity and, therefore, may serve as a useful, inexpensive approach to rapidly assessing grasslands subjected to mechanized military training. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. IMNW RLY PLT Range Div, Integrated Training Area Management, Ft Riley, KS USA. RP Althoff, DP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dalthoff@ksu.edu NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1085-3278 J9 LAND DEGRAD DEV JI Land Degrad. Dev. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 269 EP 288 DI 10.1002/ldr.773 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 176KL UT WOS:000247083800003 ER PT J AU Graves, TA Farley, S Goldstein, MI Servheen, C AF Graves, Tabitha A. Farley, Sean Goldstein, Michael I. Servheen, Christopher TI Identification of functional corridors with movement characteristics of brown bears on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE connectivity; fragmentation; habitat; highways; linkage zones; Ursus arctos ID GRIZZLY BEARS; DISPERSAL AB We identified primary habitat and functional corridors across a landscape using Global Positioning System (GPS) collar locations of brown bears (Ursus arctos). After deriving density, speed, and angular deviation of movement, we classified landscape function for a group of animals with a cluster analysis. We described areas with high amounts of sinuous movement as primary habitat patches and areas with high amounts of very directional, fast movement as highly functional bear corridors. The time between bear locations and scale of analysis influenced the number and size of corridors identified. Bear locations should be collected at intervals <= 6 h to correctly identify travel corridors. Our corridor identification technique will help managers move beyond the theoretical discussion of corridors and linkage zones to active management of landscape features that will preserve connectivity. C1 Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, USGS Field Stn, GNP, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, USFWS, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Graves, TA (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, USGS Field Stn, GNP, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM tgraves@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 765 EP 772 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9082-x PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 162TG UT WOS:000246111800010 ER PT J AU Dean, WE Forester, RM Bright, J Anderson, RY AF Dean, Walter E. Forester, Richard M. Bright, Jordon Anderson, Roger Y. TI Influence of the diversion of Bear River into Bear Lake (Utah and Idaho) on the environment of deposition of carbonate minerals SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTATION; ARAGONITE; SEAWATER; CALCITE; BASIN; WATER; USA AB Bear River, the largest river in the Great Basin, had some of its flow diverted into Bear Lake through a series of canals constructed between 1911 and 1918, turning Bear Lake into a reservoir. The prediversion lake had an unusually high Mg2+: Ca2+ ratio (38 by weight), which resulted in precipitation of CaCO3 as aragonite. The amount and mineralogy of the carbonate did not change immediately after the diversion, but during the middle of the 20th century, high-Mg calcite began to precipitate. In contrast, at the time of diversion there were very distinct changes in the isotopic composition of the carbonate that clearly define the time of diversion within the sediments. Sediment-trap studies show that the CaCO3 polymorph that precipitates in the epilimnion of the lake today is high-Mg calcite. Samples in sediment traps placed 2 m above the bottom of the lake in 45 m of water ( bottom traps) contain predominantly aragonite and quartz, with lesser amounts of high-Mg and low-Mg calcite and dolomite. Isotopic evidence from the sediments shows that the aragonite that accumulated in the bottom sediment traps and that constitutes the bulk of postdiversion sediments is reworked and redistributed from shallow sites to deep sites. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Dean, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 980 Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dean@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1094 EP 1111 PG 18 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 170UE UT WOS:000246690000017 ER PT J AU Noe, GB Harvey, JW Saiers, JE AF Noe, Gregory B. Harvey, Judson W. Saiers, James E. TI Characterization of suspended particles in Everglades wetlands SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; NORTHERN EVERGLADES; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; COLLOIDAL PHOSPHORUS; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; FRESH-WATER; TRANSPORT; ECOSYSTEM; ENRICHMENT; VEGETATION AB We report the concentration, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) content, and size and chemical fractionation of fine suspended particles (0.2-100 mu m) and colloids (3 kilodalton [kDa]-0.1 mu m) in the surface water of Everglades wetlands along regional and P-enrichment gradients. Total suspended sediment concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 2.7 mg L-1. Total particulate P concentrations increased from 0.05 mu mol L-1 to 0.31 mu mol L-1 along the Penrichment gradient. Particles contained from 20% to 43% of total P but < 12% of total N in surface water. Dissolved (< 0.2 mu m) organic N contained about 90% of total N, with the 3-100-kDa colloidal size class containing the most N of any size class. The 0.45-2.7-mu m size fraction held the most particulate P at all sites, whereas particulate N was most abundant in the 2.7-10-mu m size class at most sites. Standard chemical fractionation of particles identified acid-hydrolyzable P as the most abundant species of particulate P, with little reactive or refractory organic P. Sequential chemical extraction revealed that about 65% of total particulate P was microbial, while about 25% was associated with humic and fulvic organic matter. The size and chemical fractionation information suggested that P-rich particles mostly consisted of suspended bacteria. Suspended particles in Everglades wetlands were small in size and had low concentrations, yet they stored a large proportion of surface-water P in intermediately reactive forms, but they held little N. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Noe, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM gnoe@usgs.gov RI Noe, Gregory/A-1365-2010; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013; OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873; Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 NR 55 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1166 EP 1178 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 170UE UT WOS:000246690000023 ER PT J AU Rybicki, NB Landwehr, JM AF Rybicki, Nancy B. Landwehr, Jurate M. TI Long-term changes in abundance and diversity of macrophyte and waterfowl populations in an estuary with exotic macrophytes and improving water quality SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER; SPECIES-RICHNESS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SHALLOW LAKES; COMMUNITIES; PLANTS; AVAILABILITY; BIODIVERSITY; TURNOVER AB We assessed species-specific coverage (km(2)) of a submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) community in the fresh and upper oligohaline Potomac Estuary from 1985 to 2001 using a method combining field observations of species-proportional coverage data with congruent remotely sensed coverage and density (percent canopy cover) data. Biomass (estimated by density-weighted coverage) of individual species was calculated. Under improving water quality conditions, exotic SAV species did not displace native SAV; rather, the percent of natives increased over time. While coverage-based diversity did fluctuate and increased, richness-based community turnover rates were not significantly different from zero. SAV diversity was negatively related to nitrogen concentration. Differences in functional traits, such as reproductive potential, between the dominant native and exotic species may explain some interannual patterns in SAV. Biomass of native, as well as exotic, SAV species varied with factors affecting water column light attenuation. We also show a positive response by a higher trophic level, waterfowl, to SAV communities dominated by exotic SAV from 1959 to 2001. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Rybicki, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM nrybicki@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1195 EP 1207 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 170UE UT WOS:000246690000026 ER PT J AU Hackler, JC Van Den Bussche, RA Leslie, DM AF Hackler, Joseph C. Van Den Bussche, Ronald A. Leslie, David M., Jr. TI Characterization of microsatellite DNA markers for the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys temminckii SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE alligator snapping turtle; Macrochelys temminckii; microsatellite AB Two trinucleotide and seven tetranucleotide microsatellite loci were isolated from an alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys temminckii. To assess the degree of variability in these nine microsatellite loci, we genotyped 174 individuals collected from eight river drainage basins in the southeastern USA. These markers revealed a moderate degree of allelic diversity (six to 16 alleles per locus) and observed heterozygosity (0.166-0.686). These polymorphic microsatellite loci provide powerful tools for population genetic studies for a species that is afforded some level of conservation protection in every state in which it occurs. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Van Den Bussche, RA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, 430 Life Sci W, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM ron.van_den_bussche@okstate.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAY PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 474 EP 476 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01624.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 164OV UT WOS:000246244300027 ER PT J AU Jiang, HH Pollock, KH Brownie, C Hoenig, JM Latour, RJ Wells, BK Hightower, JE AF Jiang, Honghua Pollock, Kenneth H. Brownie, Cavell Hoenig, John M. Latour, Robert J. Wells, Brian K. Hightower, Joseph E. TI Tag return models allowing for harvest and catch and release: Evidence of environmental and management impacts on striped bass fishing and natural mortality rates SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID REPORTING RATE ESTIMATION; MORONE-SAXATILIS; FISHERIES; RECOVERY; VALIDATION; COMPONENT AB Catch-and-release fisheries have become very important in the management of overexploited recreational fish stocks. Tag return Studies, where the tag is removed regardless of fish disposition, have been used to assess the effectiveness of restoration efforts for these fisheries. We extend the instantaneous rate formulation of tag return models to allow for catch and release as well as harvest. The key point of our methods is that, given an estimate of the tag reporting rate, the fishing mortality rate (F) is separated into two components: the mortality on harvested fish and the "mortality" on tags (because the tags are removed) of fish released alive. The total fishing mortality rate for untagged fish is the sum of the Fs due to harvest and hooking mortality suffered by fish released alive. Natural mortality rates can also be estimated. Both age-independent models and age-depenclent models are constructed, and the age-dependent models are illustrated by application to data from a study of striped bass Morone saxatilis in Chesapeake Bay from 199 1 to 2003 by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. By fitting models of the natural mortality rate with limited age and year dependence, we demonstrate an overall decrease in natural mortality rates as fish age and provide evidence of an increase in natural mortality beginning in the late 1990s, when an outbreak of the disease mycobacteriosis is thought to have begun. Our results indicate that fishing mortality is age depenclent selectivity increase-, up to age 6, when fish appear to be fully recruited to the fishery. There is also evidence of an increase in fishing mortality since 1995, when regulations were relaxed. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pollock, KH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM pollock@unity.ncsu.edu NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 387 EP 396 DI 10.1577/M06-089.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 174VF UT WOS:000246970200002 ER PT J AU Schofield, PJ Nico, LG AF Schofield, Pamela J. Nico, Leo G. TI Toxicity of 5% rotenone to nonindigenous Asian swamp eels SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BLOOD RESPIRATORY CHANGES; UNITED-STATES; INTRODUCTIONS; UBIQUINONE AB Our primary goal was to determine whether rotenone would be a useful control against introduced populations of Asian swamp eels (family Synbranchidae, genus Monopterus). We report the results of a laboratory experiment comparing the efficacy of various rotenone concentrations (1, 2, 4, and 8 mg of 5% liquid rotenone/L of water) in killing nonindigenous swamp eels of various sizes (1-350g) from the three known Florida populations. Although most small swamp eels were killed at concentrations of 2 and 4 mg,/L, 100% mortality of adult swamp eels was achieved only at 8 mg/L. We conclude that the effective use of rotenone to control established Florida swamp eel populations would be difficult, based on the relatively high concentration of rotenone needed to kill swamp eels; the complexity of the swamp eel's habitat; and our observations of the species' habitat use and behavior, including its widespread distribution and life history characteristics (e.g., bur-rowing and overland movement) that enhance its invasion and survival in multiple environments. Nevertheless, control of swamp eels may be achieved in certain situations. A combination of rotenone and electroshocking may be an effective way to eradicate swamp eels from small water bodies and to control populations in larger habitats. However, we are cautious in this recommendation and provide details related to the technical aspects of this type of strategy and caveats related to the toxicity of the chemical. C1 US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Schofield, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM pschofield@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 453 EP 459 DI 10.1577/M05-206.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 174VF UT WOS:000246970200008 ER PT J AU Catalano, MJ Bozek, MA Pellett, TD AF Catalano, Matthew J. Bozek, Michael A. Pellett, Thomas D. TI Effects of dam removal on fish assemblage structure and spatial distributions in the Baraboo River, Wisconsin SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LOW-HEAD DAMS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HABITAT GRADIENTS; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; STREAM; IMPOUNDMENT; POPULATION; UPSTREAM; DRAINAGE; INDEX AB We evaluated the effects of dam removal on fish assemblage structure and spatial distributions after four low-head dam removals in the Baraboo River, Wisconsin, using data collected at 35 study sites over 7 years. After dam removal, biotic integrity scores (possible range = 0-100) increased by 35-50 points at three of the four former impoundments as a result of decreases in percent tolerant species, increases in the number of intolerant species, and in some cases, increases in species richness. Fish assemblage shifts were muted at a fourth, lower-gradient impoundment site, indicating that responses differ among dam sites within a river system. In tailwater areas, postremoval assemblage shifts were transient; biotic integrity and species richness declined initially but then recovered at two of the three sites within 2 years after dam removal. An analysis of spatial distributions before dam removal revealed I I fish species that were found below, but rarely or never above, the downstream-most dam. After dam removal, 10 of the I I species were collected at new sites upstream from the dam, indicating that recolonization of reconnected upstream sites had occurred. Some species recolonized rapidly and in large numbers. For example, emerald shiners Notropis atherinoides recolonized 16 upstream sites and were collected 123 km upstream from the dam within the first year after removal. One of the nine recolonizing species, the spotted sucker Minytrema melanops, was only detected during spring, suggesting that these fish recolonized seasonally, perhaps for spawning. Recolonizing species were generally lacustrine or large-river fishes known to undergo overwintering and spawning migrations. Our study suggests that dam removal is a viable option for restoring lotic fish communities, but further study is needed on recovery patterns as they relate to channel morphology, hydrologic characteristics, impoundment sediment storage capacity, and the distance to source populations of recolonizing taxa. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Monona, WI 53716 USA. RP Catalano, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM catalm@ufl.edu NR 39 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 9 U2 82 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 519 EP 530 DI 10.1577/M06-001.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 174VF UT WOS:000246970200014 ER PT J AU Bartholomew, JL Lorz, HV Atkinson, SD Hallett, SL Stevens, DG Holt, RA Lujan, K Amandi, A AF Bartholomew, Jerri L. Lorz, Harriet V. Atkinson, Stephen D. Hallett, Sascha L. Stevens, Donald G. Holt, Richard A. Lujan, Kenneth Amandi, Antonio TI Evaluation of a management strategy to control the spread of Myxobolus cerebralis in a Lower Columbia river tributary SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; WHIRLING DISEASE; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; TUBIFEX-TUBIFEX; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HISTORY; OREGON AB In October 2001, Myxobolus cerebralis, the myxozoan parasite that causes salmonid whirling disease, was detected in juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from a private hatchery that received water from Clear Creek, a tributary of the Clackamas River, Oregon. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife closed the surface water portion of the hatchery in March 2003 and initiated a monitoring program to evaluate the success of the closure in containing further parasite spread. From 2002 to 2005, rainbow trout sentinels were held in live cages for 2 weeks at locations upstream, downstream, and within the area of the facility and then were tested for M. cerebralis infection. Infection prevalence in groups held in the hatchery pond, the outflow, and downstream of the facility was initially high; however, by May 2004 infection was no longer detected in Clear Creek, although the parasite continued to be detected in the hatchery pond. A single rainbow trout collected approximately IS river kilometers upstream of the facility in 2002 was infected with M. cerebralis. The parasite was not detected in fish collected from other portions of the Clackamas River drainage, indicating that the introduction was limited. Tubifex tubifex, the invertebrate host for the parasite, were abundant in the hatchery ponds, but only a single specimen was identified in the main stem of Clear Creek. Actinospores of M. cerebralis were only detected in the hatchery waters. The monitoring indicated that the parasite had not become widely established in Clear Creek and that partial closure of the hatchery removed the primary source of infection for fish. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Queensland, Sch Mol & Microbial Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Columbia River Fish Hlth Ctr, Willard, WA 98605 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Fish Hlth Serv Lab, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bartholomew, JL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Nash Hall 220, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bartholj@science.oregonstate.edu NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 542 EP 550 DI 10.1577/M06-151.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 174VF UT WOS:000246970200016 ER PT J AU Budy, P Thiede, GP McHugh, P AF Budy, Phaedra Thiede, Gary P. McHugh, Peter TI Quantification of the vital rates, abundance, and status of a critical, endemic population of Bonneville cutthroat trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BROOK TROUT; MARKED ANIMALS; HABITAT AREA; BROWN TROUT; STREAM; SALMON; UTAH; CONSERVATION; SURVIVAL; IDAHO AB Most subspecies of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii are imperiled or extinct due to the combined effects of habitat degradation and interactions with exotic species. To quantify abundance and vital rates and evaluate trends, we selected a large population of Bonneville cutthroat trout O. clarkii utah from the Logan River of northern Utah, a river characterized by high-quality and connected habitat. Over a 5-year period, we completed a Comprehensive population assessment, including depletion-based abundance estimates and a mark-recapture study (1,050 tagged fish) of site fidelity, growth, and survival. Population density exceeded 1,500 cutthroat trout/km at high-elevation sites; this is substantially higher than most other reported densities of inland, stream-type cutthroat trout. Fish demonstrated extremely high rates of site fidelity on average (92%: SE = 6%), and growth rates were also high (up to 0.50 g/d; mean = 0.09 g/d). Cormack-Jolly-Seber survival rates (fish >= 100 mm) increased with age-class (group effect) and condition (individual covariate) and ranged from over 64% at high-elevation sites to approximately 30% at lower-elevation sites. Population growth rates (,) appeared to be declining overall; however, 95% confidence intervals of. frequently overlapped 1.0, indicating high variability that limited conclusions about future status. Both survival rate and fish density were consistently lower at sites where Bonneville cutthroat trout were sympatric with exotic brown trout Salmo trutta. The continuity, connectedness, and large size of this habitat fragment of the Logan River have clearly contributed to the persistence of this population. Our results provide important conservation and recovery benchmarks for identifying rangewide limiting factors of cutthroat trout. We recommend a precautionary approach to management of this endemic and important population; potential options include habitat protection or restoration and the removal of exotic brown trout. C1 Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 593 EP 604 DI 10.1577/M06-085.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 174VF UT WOS:000246970200020 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Jackson, ZJ Bower, MR Hubert, WA AF Quist, Michael C. Jackson, Zachary J. Bower, Michael R. Hubert, Wayne A. TI Precision of hard structures used to estimate age of riverine catostomids and cyprinids in the upper Colorado river basin SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID PECTORAL FIN RAYS; NORTH-AMERICA; GROWTH; ACCURACY; LARGEMOUTH; VALIDATION; OTOLITHS; STURGEON; FISHES; CHUB AB Understanding the population dynamics of native and normative fishes is critical for guiding and evaluating management activities, but obtaining information on population dynamics is often dependent on identifying structures that provide precise estimates of age. We examined age estimation using various hard structures for native bluehead suckers Catostomus discobolus, flannelmouth suckers C. latipinnis, and roundtail chub Gila robusta, and normative white suckers C. commersonii, creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus, white sucker x bluehead sucker hybrids, and white Sucker x flannelmouth sucker hybrids in a small headwater stream of the upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) in Wyoming. We evaluated between-reader precision (i.e., between two readers) and agreement of otolith age estimates with estimates from scales, fin rays, cleithra, and opercular bones. Exact agreement between readers was highest for otoliths (66-96% among species) and fin rays (61-92%) and lowest for opercles (25-69%), cleithra (21-41%), and scales (15-48%). Age estimates from fin rays were almost exactly the same as those from otoliths for all species except creek chub, for which fin ray estimates were consistently lower than otolith estimates. Age estimates from scales were generally 1-4 years lower than those from otoliths for most species, and most discrepancies occurred when otolith ages were greater than 5 years. We recommend that fin rays be used to estimate age of native catostomids and roundtail chub in the UCRB because fin rays provide accurate estimates of otolith age and can be obtained without sacrificing fish. We further recommend that otoliths be used to estimate age of creek chub in the UCRB because accuracy of fin rays was poor and because sacrificing this normative species may benefit native fishes of the UCRB. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Death Valley, CA 92328 USA. Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci II, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mcquist@iastate.edu NR 37 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 643 EP 649 DI 10.1577/M06-170.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 174VF UT WOS:000246970200024 ER PT J AU Thompson, JS Waters, DS Rice, JA Hightower, JE AF Thompson, Jessica S. Waters, D. Scott Rice, James A. Hightower, Joseph E. TI Seasonal natural and fishing mortality of striped bass in a southeastern reservoir SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RADIO-TAGGED ANIMALS; NORTH-CAROLINA; TELEMETRY; SURVIVAL; MODELS; RATES AB Reliable estimates of natural and fishing mortality are important for management of exploited fish populations, but these components of the total mortality rate can be difficult to determine by traditional fisheries methods. We used telemetry data to determine seasonal instantaneous fishing (F) and natural mortality (M) rates of subadult and adult striped bass Morone saxatilis in Badin Lake, North Carolina. Our analyses were based on the fates of 64 fish implanted with sonic transmitters and released and tracked for 2 years. Natural mortality was low and constant during the course of the study (M +/- SE = 0.10 +/- 0.01) and was similar to estimates for other reservoir populations of striped bass. A natural mortality rate of 0.09-0.16 may be a reasonable approximation for populations across the southeastern United States. Fishing mortality varied seasonally and was highest in the spring and summer of 2002 and the summer and fall of 2003: annual fishing mortality (F +/- SE) was 0.65 +/- 0.08 in 2002 and 0.77 +/- 0.08 in 2003. Due to these high harvest rates, estimated annual survival rates were low for the Badin Lake population (47% in 2002; 42% in 2003). Results of a yield-per-recruit model suggest that harvest of older, larger individuals can be increased in Badin Lake with a decrease in fishing mortality or a moderate increase in the minimum size limit, even when the effect of catch-and-release mortality of fish below the size limit is considered. Our results also indicate important considerations for researchers using this method in the future, including the need to estimate downstream emigration and delay the inclusion of newly tagged fish in analysis to avoid biasing estimates of fishing mortality. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Thompson, JS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jessica_thompson@ncsu.edu NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 681 EP 694 DI 10.1577/M06-088.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 174VF UT WOS:000246970200030 ER PT J AU Jones, DT Moffitt, CM Peters, KK AF Jones, Darin T. Moffitt, Christine M. Peters, K. Kenneth TI Temperature-mediated differences in bacterial kidney disease expression and survival in Renibacterium salmoninarum-challenged bull trout and other salmonids SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; UPPER FLATHEAD RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; RELATIVE SENSITIVITY; CAUSATIVE AGENT; HABITAT USE; JUVENILE AB Resource managers considering restoration and reconnection of watersheds to protect and enhance threatened populations of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus have little information about the consequences of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) caused by Renibacterium salmoninartan. To better understand the response of bull trout to R. salmoninarum challenge, we conducted several laboratory experiments at two water temperatures. The extent, severity, and lethality of BKD in bull trout were compared with those of similarly challenged lake trout S. nantaycush, Arctic char S. alpinus, Chinook salmon Ont orhynchus tshawytscha, and rainbow trout O. mykiss. The lethal dose of bacterial cells necessary to induce 50% monality (LD50) was 10-fold lower at the 15 degrees C challenge than at the 9 degrees C challenge. Of the species tested, bull trout were relatively resistant to BKD, Arctic char were the most susceptible among Salvelinus species, and Chinook salmon were the most susceptible among Oncorhynchus species tested. Mean time to death was more rapid for all fish tested at 15 degrees C than for fish challenged at 9 degrees C. These results suggest that infection of bull trout with BKD likely poses a low risk to successful restoration of threatened populations. C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 695 EP 706 DI 10.1577/M06-002.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 174VF UT WOS:000246970200031 ER PT J AU Gustafson, L Showers, W Kwak, T Levine, J Stoskopf, M AF Gustafson, Lori Showers, William Kwak, Thomas Levine, Jay Stoskopf, Michael TI Temporal and spatial variability in stable isotope compositions of a freshwater mussel: implications for biomonitoring and ecological studies SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Elliptio complanata; delta N-15; delta C-13; nutrient loading; tissue turnover; isotopic baseline ID FOOD WEBS; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; CARBON ISOTOPES; ZEBRA MUSSELS; NITROGEN; COASTAL; DELTA-N-15; NITRATE; EUTROPHICATION AB Stable isotopes can be used to elucidate ecological relationships in community and trophic studies. Findings are calibrated against baselines, e. g. from a producer or primary consumer, assumed to act as a reference to the isotopic context created by spatio-temporal attributes such as geography, climate, nutrient, and energy sources. The ability of an organism to accurately represent a community base depends on how, and over what time-scale, it assimilates ambient materials. Freshwater mussels have served as references for trophic studies of freshwater communities and as indicators of change in nutrient pollution load or source. Their suitability as reference animals has not yet been fully explored, however. We conducted a series of studies examining the suitability of freshwater mussels as isotopic baselines, using their ability to reflect variation in ambient nutrient loads as a case scenario. (1) We analyzed bivalve foot tissue delta N-15 and delta C-13 from 22 stream reaches in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, USA to show that compositions varied substantially among locations. Site mean bivalve delta C-13 values correlated with site ambient particulate organic matter (POM) delta C-13 values, and site mean bivalve delta N-15 values correlated with site ambient water dissolved delta N-15-NO3 values. (2) Similarity of results among sample types demonstrated that the minimally invasive hemolymph sample is a suitable substitute for foot tissue in delta N-15 analyses, and that small sample sizes generate means representative of a larger population. Both findings can help minimize the impact of sampling on imperiled freshwater mussel populations. (3) In a bivalve transplantation study we showed that hemolymph delta N-15 compositions responded to a shift in ambient dissolved delta N-15-NO3, although slowly. The tissue turnover time for bivalve hemolymph was 113 days. We conclude that bivalves serve best as biomonitors of chronic, rather than acute, fluctuations in stream nutrient loads, and provide initial evidence of their suitability as time-integrated isotopic baselines for community studies. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Phys & Math Sci, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Gustafson, L (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Natl Surveillance Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Mail Stop 2E6, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lori.gustafson@aphis.usda.gov RI Bosley, Sharron/E-4641-2012 NR 51 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2007 VL 152 IS 1 BP 140 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0633-7 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 158QR UT WOS:000245808100015 PM 17187266 ER PT J AU Ho, TM Thomas, N Boice, DC Combi, M Soderblom, LA Tenishev, V AF Ho, Tra-Mi Thomas, Nicolas Boice, D. C. Combi, Michael Soderblom, Lawrence A. Tenishev, Valeriy TI Comparison of the dust distributions in the innermost comae of comets - 1P/Halley and 19P/Borrelly spacecraft observations SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 19P/Borrelly; 1P/Halley; dust distribution; inner coma; dust jets ID HALLEY MULTICOLOR CAMERA; GAS-JET; ATMOSPHERES; P/HALLEY; DEEP-SPACE-1; ENCOUNTER AB We present a comparative study of the inner comae of comets IP/Halley and 19P/Borrelly using data from the Halley Multicolour Camera (HMC) onboard Giotto and the Miniature Integrated Camera and Spectrometer onboard Deep Space 1 (DS1). We show that the dust brightness dependence as a function of radial distance is different for both comets. We suggest that optical depth or fragmentation effects dominate the brightness distribution at comet IP/Halley whereas acceleration or non-point source geometry effects dominate at comet 19P/Borrelly. The nightside profiles of comet 19P/Borrelly suggest a continuing non-radial outflow from the nucleus out to several tens of kilometres. This modifies the observed dayside to nightside brightness ratio with distance and offers a further constraint on dust emission models. By setting up a linear system of equations to fit the dust intensity distribution, better fits could be obtained by incorporating acceleration into the equation of free-radial outflow. Finally, we estimate the dust production rate of 19P/ Borrelly at the time of DSI encounter as no higher than 324kg/s based on comparisons with HMC intensity measurements. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ho, TM (reprint author), European Space Agcy, Estec, Res & Sci Support Dept, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. EM Tra-Mi.Ho@esa.int RI Combi, Michael/J-1697-2012; Tenishev, Valeriy/B-7658-2013 OI Combi, Michael/0000-0002-9805-0078; NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 55 IS 7-8 BP 974 EP 985 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2006.12.004 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 175MQ UT WOS:000247018100011 ER PT J AU Ball, JR Esler, D Schmutz, JA AF Ball, Jeffrey R. Esler, Daniel Schmutz, Joel A. TI Proximate composition, energetic value, and relative abundance of prey fish from the inshore eastern Bering Sea: implications for piscivorous predators SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alorimetry; eastern Bering Sea; energetics; forage fish; foraging ecology; proximate composition; Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; FORAGE FISH; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; PIGEON GUILLEMOTS; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; GAVIA-STELLATA; REGIME SHIFT; ALASKA AB Changing ocean conditions and subsequent shifts in forage fish communities have been linked to numerical declines of some piscivorous marine birds and mammals in the North Pacific. However, limited information about fish communities is available for some regions, including nearshore waters of the eastern Bering Sea, where many piscivores reside. We determined proximate composition and energetic value of a suite of potential forage fish collected from an estuary on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, during 2002 and 2003. Across species, energy density ranged from 14.5 to 20.7 kJ g(-1) dry mass and varied primarily as a function of lipid content. Total energy content was strongly influenced by body length and we provide species-specific predictive models of total energy based on this relationship; some models may be improved further by incorporating year and date effects. Based on observed energetic differences, we conclude that variation in fish size, quantity, and species composition of the prey community could have important consequences for piscivorous predators. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Biol Sci Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Dept Biol Sci, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Ball, JR (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Biol Sci Ctr, CW 405, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM jball@ualberta.ca NR 54 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6 BP 699 EP 708 DI 10.1007/s00300-006-0227-1 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 162PN UT WOS:000246100200004 ER PT J AU Pigati, JS Quade, J Wilson, J Jull, AJT Lifton, NA AF Pigati, Jeffrey S. Quade, Jay Wilson, Jim Jull, A. J. Timothy Lifton, Nathaniel A. TI Development of low-background vacuum extraction and graphitization systems for C-14 dating of old (40-60ka) samples SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Dating Quaternary Sediments and Landforms in Drylands CY MAR, 2005 CL Zzyzx, CA SP INQUA Dryland Dating SubCommiss ID CRATER NORTH QUEENSLAND; AUSTRALIA; OCCUPATION; CHRONOLOGY AB At the University of Arizona's Desert Laboratory, we recently constructed new low-background vacuum extraction and graphitization systems that are dedicated to preparing old (40-60 ka) samples for C-14 dating. These systems are designed to minimize the amount of contaminant carbon, specifically atmospheric carbon, that is introduced to a sample during laboratory processing. Excluding contaminants is particularly important for C-14 dating of old samples because the impact of contamination increases with sample age. In this study, we processed 20 pretreated and 4 untreated aliquots of Ceylon graphite (a naturally- occurring geological graphite) to determine the total procedural background level, and hence the practical limit, of our systems. Samples were heated under vacuum at 240 degrees C for 1 h to drive off water vapor and other atmospheric gases, and then combusted in ultra-high-purity (UHP) 02 at 500 and 850 degrees C to monitor the removal of contaminants and to ensure complete combustion. After SOx, NOx, and halide species were removed, sample Co-2 was converted to graphite via catalytic reduction of CO. Fe and Zn powders used in the graphitization process were oxidized, "scrubbed", and reduced with UHP O-2, He, and H-2, respectively, to remove sorbed atmospheric C species. Graphite targets were stored in UHP Ar until measurement by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to avoid potential interaction with atmospheric gases. Based on the AMS results, the background level of our system is characterized by a nonlinear inverse relationship with sample mass (adjusted R-2 = 0.75; n = 24). For a I mg graphite target, the total procedural blank, including chemical pretreatment, combustion, cleanup, graphitization, storage, and AMS measurement, is 0.05 +/- 0.01 pMC (2 sigma), equivalent to a C-14 "age" of 61.1 +/- 1.8 ka. This should not be taken as the upper limit of our system, however, because if the 14 C activity of a sample is statistically indistinguishable from the appropriate mass-dependent blank value at the 95% confidence level (2 sigma), then its age is considered to be "infinite". Thus, for a I mg target, the practical limit of our system is actually similar to 55ka; for a 0.5 mg target, the practical limit is similar to 50ka. Although our extraction system can accommodate inorganic samples (e.g., calcite, aragonite), the above limits are only applicable to geological graphite, charcoal, and organic samples that are processed via combustion. Future work will be directed toward determining the appropriate background levels for inorganic materials. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Paragon Code LLC, Tucson, AZ 85704 USA. Univ Arizona, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Pigati, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Div, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jpigati@usgs.gov RI Lifton, Nathaniel/M-2017-2015 OI Lifton, Nathaniel/0000-0002-6976-3298 NR 15 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 166 BP 4 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.12.006 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 177QA UT WOS:000247166400002 ER PT J AU Maher, K Wooden, JL Paces, JB Miller, DM AF Maher, K. Wooden, J. L. Paces, J. B. Miller, D. M. TI Th-230-U dating of surficial deposits using the ion microprobe (SHRIMP-RG): A micro stratigraphic perspective SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Dating Quaternary Sediments and Landforms in Drylands CY MAR, 2005 CL Zzyzx, CA SP INQUA Dryland Dating Sub Commiss ID AMINO-ACID RACEMIZATION; IMPURE CARBONATES; PEDOGENIC CARBONATE; COSMOGENIC CL-36; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; URANIUM; NEVADA; DISEQUILIBRIUM; CALIBRATION; U-234 AB We used the sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe reverse-geometry (SHRIMP-RG) to date pedogenic opal using the Th-230-U system. Due to the high-spatial resolution of an ion microprobe (typically 30 pm), regions of pure opal within a sample call be targeted arid detrital material can be avoided. In addition, because the technique is non-destructive, the sample can be preserved for other types of analyses including electron microprobe or other stable isotope or trace element ion microprobe measurements. The technique is limited to material with U concentrations greater than similar to 50ppm. However, the high spatial resolution, small sample requirements, and the ability to avoid detrital material make this technique a suitable technique for dating many Pleistocene deposits formed in semi-arid environments. To determine the versatility of the method, samples from several different deposits were analyzed, including silica-rich pebble coatings from pedogenic carbonate horizons, a siliceous sinter deposit, and opaline silica deposited as a spring mound. U concentrations for 30-mu m-diameter spots ranged from 50 to 1000 ppm in these types of materials. The Th-230/(232) Th activity ratios also ranged from similar to 100 to 106, eliminating the need for cletrital Th corrections that reduce the precision of traditional U-Th ages for many milligram- and largersized samples. In pedogenic material, layers of high-U opal (ca. 500 ppm) are commonly juxtaposed next to layers of calcite with much lower U concentrations (1-2 ppm). If these types of samples are not analyzed using a technique with the appropriate spatial resolution, the ages may be strongly biased towards the age of the opal. Comparison with standard TIMS (Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry) measurements from separate microdrilled samples suggests that although the analytical precision of the ion microprobe (SHRIMP-RG) measurements is less than TIMS, the high spatial resolution results in better accuracy in the age determination for finely layered or complex deposits. The ion microprobe approach also may be useful for pre-screening samples to determine the age and degree of postdepositional alteration, analyzing finely layered samples or samples with complex growth histories, and obtaining simultaneous measurements of trace elements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Sci, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Maher, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 973, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. EM kmaher@usgs.gov RI Maher, Kate/B-3489-2010 OI Maher, Kate/0000-0002-5982-6064 NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 166 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.01.003 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 177QA UT WOS:000247166400003 ER PT J AU Sohn, MF Mahan, SA Knott, JR Bowman, DD AF Sohn, M. F. Mahan, S. A. Knott, J. R. Bowman, D. D. TI Luminescence ages for alluvial-fan deposits in Southern Death Valley: Implications for climate-driven sedimentation along a tectonically active mountain front SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Dating Quaternary Sediments and Landforms in Drylands CY MAR, 2005 CL Zzyzx, CA SP INQUA Dryland Dating SubCommiss ID OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; FELDSPAR COARSE GRAINS; UNITED-STATES; K-FELDSPARS; CALIFORNIA; LOESS; CHRONOLOGY; TL; EMISSION; SPECTRA AB Controversy exists over whether alluvial-fan sedimentation along tectonically active mountain fronts is driven by climatic changes or tectonics. Knowing the age of sedimentation is the key to understanding the relationship between sedimentation and its cause. Alluvial-fan deposits in Death Valley and throughout the and southwestern United States have long been the subjects of study, but their ages have generally eluded researchers until recently. Most mapping efforts have recognized at least four major relative-age groupings (Q1 (oldest), Q2, Q3, and Q4 (youngest)), using observed changes in surface soils and morphology, relation to the drainage net, and development of desert pavement. Obtaining numerical age determinations for these morphologic stages has proven challenging. We report the first optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages for three of these four stages deposited within alluvial-falls along the tectonically active Black Mountains of Death Valley. Deposits showing distinct, remnant bar and swale topography (Q3b) have OSL ages from 7 to 4 ka., whereas those with moderate to poorly developed desert pavement and located farther above the active channel (Q3a) have OSL ages from 17 to I I ka. Geomorphically older deposits with well-developed desert pavement (Q2d) have OSL ages similar to 25 ka. Using this OSL-based chronology, we note that alluvial-fan deposition along this tectonically active mountain front corresponds to both wet-to-dry and dry-to-wet climate changes recorded globally and regionally. These findings underscore the influence of climate change on alluvial fan deposition in and and semi-arid regions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Sohn, MF (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. EM Sohn@Lettis.com; JKnott@Fullerton.edu OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 67 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 166 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.01.002 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 177QA UT WOS:000247166400006 ER PT J AU Mahan, SA Miller, DM Menges, CM Yount, JC AF Mahan, Shannon A. Miller, David M. Menges, Christopher M. Yount, James C. TI Late Quaternary stratigraphy and luminescence geochronology of the northeastern Mojave Desert SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Dating Quaternary Sediments and Landforms in Drylands CY MAR, 2005 CL Zzyzx, CA SP INQUA Dryland Dating SubCommiss ID UNITED-STATES; SPRING DEPOSITS; AEOLIAN SAND; CALIFORNIA; LOESS; TIME; LAKE; AGE; USA; TRAVERTINES AB The chronology of the Holocene and late Pleistocene deposits of the northeastern Mojave Desert have been largely obtained using radiocarbon ages. Our study refines and extends this framework using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to date deposits from Valjean Valley, Silurian Lake Playa, Red Pass, and California Valley. Of particular interest are eolian fine silts incorporated in groundwater discharge (GWD) deposits bracketed at 185-140 and 20-50 ka. Alluvial fan deposits proved amenable for OSL by dating both eolian sand lenses and reworked eolian sand in a matrix-of gravel that occurs within the fan stratigraphy. Lacustrine sand in spits and bars also yielded acceptable OSL ages. These OSL ages fill gaps in the geochronology of desert deposits, which can provide data relevant to understanding the responses of several depositional systems to regional changes in climate. This study identifies the most promising deposits for future luminescence dating and suggests that for several regions of the Mojave Desert, sediments from previously undated landforms can be more accurately placed within correct geologic map units. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Mahan, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 974, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM smahan@usgs.gov OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 78 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 166 BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.12.010 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 177QA UT WOS:000247166400007 ER PT J AU Knott, JR Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Montanez, IP Wan, E AF Knott, Jeffrey R. Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. Montanez, Isabel P. Wan, Elmira TI Differentiating the Bishop ash bed and related tephra layers by elemental-based similarity coefficients of volcanic glass shards using solution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (S-ICP-MS) SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Dating Quaternary Sediments and Landforms in Drylands CY MAR, 2005 CL Zzyzx, CA SP INQUA Dryland Dating SubCommiss ID CALIFORNIA; VALLEY AB Volcanic glass samples from the same volcanic center (intra-source) often have a similar major-element composition. Thus, it can be difficult to distinguish between individual tephra layers, particularly when using similarity coefficients calculated from electron microprobe major-element measurements. Minor/trace element concentrations in glass can be determined by solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (S-ICP-MS), but have not been shown as suitable for use in large tephrochronologic databases. Here, we present minor/trace-element concentrations measured by S-ICP-MS and compare these data by similarity coefficients, the method commonly used in large databases. Trial samples from the Bishop Tuff, the upper and lower tuffs of Glass Mountain and the tuffs of Mesquite Spring suites from eastern California, USA, which have an indistinguishable major-element composition, were analyzed using S-ICP-MS. The resulting minor/trace element similarity coefficients clearly separated the suites of tephra layers and, in most cases, individual tephra layers within each suite. Comparisons with previous instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) elemental measurements were marginally successful. This is important step toward quantitative correlation in large tephrochronologic databases to achieve definitive identification of volcanic glass samples and for high-resolution age determinations. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92823 USA. US Geol Survey, Tephrochronol Project, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Knott, JR (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92823 USA. EM jknott@fullerton.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 166 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.12.014 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 177QA UT WOS:000247166400008 ER PT J AU Owen, LA Bright, J Finkel, RC Jaiswal, MK Kaufman, DS Mahan, S Radtke, U Schneider, JS Sharp, W Singhvi, AK Warren, CN AF Owen, Lewis A. Bright, Jordon Finkel, Robert C. Jaiswal, Manoi K. Kaufman, Darrell S. Mahan, Shannon Radtke, Ulrich Schneider, Joan S. Sharp, Warren Singhvi, Ashok K. Warren, Claude N. TI Numerical dating of a Late Quaternary spit-shoreline complex at the northern end of Silver Lake playa, Mojave Desert, California: A comparison of the applicability of radiocarbon, luminescence, terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide, electron spin resonance, U-series and amino acid racemization methods SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Dating Quaternary Sediments and Landforms in Drylands CY MAR, 2005 CL Zzyzx, CA SP INQUA Dryland Dating Sub Commiss ID FELDSPAR COARSE GRAINS; UNITED-STATES; SINGLE-ALIQUOT; RIVER-BASIN; AGE; QUARTZ; TL; CARBONATES; SEDIMENTS; EMISSION AB A Late Quaternary spit-shoreline complex on the northern shore of Pleistocene Lake Mojave of southeastern California, USA was studied with the goal of comparing accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon, luminescence, electron spin resonance (ESR), terrestrial cosmogenic radionuclide (TCN) surface exposure, amino acid racemization (AAR) and U-series dating methods. The pattern of ages obtained by the different methods illustrates the complexity of processes acting in the lakeshore environment and highlights the utility of a multi-method approach. TCN surface exposure ages (mostly similar to 20-30ka) record the initial erosion of shoreline benches, whereas radiocarbon ages on shells (determined in this and previous studies) within the spit, supported by AAR data, record its construction at fluctuating lake levels from similar to 16 to 10 ka. Luminescence ages on spit sediment (similar to 6-7ka) and ESR ages on spit shells (similar to 4 ka) are anomalously young relative to radiocarbon ages of shells within the same deposits. The significance of the surprisingly young luminescence ages is not clear. The younger ESR ages could be a consequence of post-mortem enrichment of U in the shells. High concentrations of detrital thorium in tufa coating spit gravels inhibited the use of single-sample U-series dating. Detailed comparisons such as this provide one of the few means of assessing the accuracy of Quaternary dating techniques. More such comparisons are needed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Phys Res Lab, Planetary & Geosci Div, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Cologne, Dept Geog, D-50923 Cologne, Germany. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Anthropol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Anthropol & Eth Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Owen, LA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM lewis.owen@uc.edu RI Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008 OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414 NR 63 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 166 BP 87 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.01.001 PG 24 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 177QA UT WOS:000247166400009 ER PT J AU Florea, LJ Vacher, HL Donahue, B Naar, D AF Florea, Lee J. Vacher, H. L. Donahue, Brian Naar, David TI Quaternary cave levels in peninsular Florida SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; SEA-LEVEL; RADIOACTIVE DECAY; PLATFORM MARGIN; PLIOCENE; CLIMATE; KARST; SHELF; PERMEABILITY; SEDIMENTS AB The hypothesis that caves in the Florida Peninsula are tied to Quaternary sea levels was proposed by hydrogeologists, without data, some 40 years ago. The hypothesis is a version of glacial control of cave levels, which is the logical combination of the water-table theory of speleogenesis and the concept that base level positions the water table. At the USA type example of glacial control of cave levels-Mammoth Cave in the Paleozoic rocks of Kentucky-the intermediary is base level determined by rivers. By hypothesis, the intermediary for Florida is glacioeustatic sea level. This paper presents elevation data that supports this hypothesis. Recent cave surveys in the air-filled caves and spot elevations from archived maps reveal prominent levels of passages centered at 5, 12, 2 1, and 30 m above sea level over broad areas. They do not follow the large-scale structure of the Floridan aquifer. Instead, they align with nearby, coastal marine terraces identified as modal peaks on frequency plots from various topographic data bases. Levels matching with the three highest terraces-Wicomico, Penholoway, and Talbott-are particularly clear. Lower levels, if they accord with sea-level stands, are likely composites. Data from cavities encountered in drilled wells (e.g., bit drops) and spot elevations from archived underwater cave maps demonstrate passage levels at depths of 15, 30, 70, and 90-120 in below the modern water table. The depths below water table are similar to the depths below sea level of distant submerged terraces and paleoshoreline features identified using multibeam bathymetric data in the Gulf of Mexico. The cave, bit-drop, and terrace data are all consistent with the concept that Quaternary sea level is the fundamental control on the cave-scale porosity within the Floridan aquifer. This conclusion does not rule out the possibility that lithologically favored positions, paleokarst features and confining units, and mixing zones are also involved in the location of caves levels in this near-coastal environment. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Florea, LJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3310 SW 9th Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. EM lflorea@usgs.gov RI Florea, Lee/E-8065-2011 NR 85 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9-10 BP 1344 EP 1361 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.02.011 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 193IX UT WOS:000248268800011 ER PT J AU Bender, LC Lomas, LA Kamienski, T AF Bender, Louis C. Lomas, Laurie A. Kamienski, Tomas TI Habitat effects on condition of doe mule deer in arid mixed wood land-grassland SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE body condition; conifer forest; habitat; Odocoileus bemionus; pinyon-juniper ID DIETS AB Productivity of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus Raf.) populations is closely linked to individual nutritional condition. We modeled body fat of individual does as a function of vegetation cover, composition, and water characteristics of their annual, summer, and winter home ranges in north-central New Mexico. We also modeled home range size as a function of the same characteristics. Levels of body fat were most closely and negatively related to the amount of pinyon-juniper in an individual deer's annual home range (F-1,F-21 = 7.6; P = 0.012; r(2) = 0.26). Pinyon-juniper types provided little (combined ground cover of preferred forbs and shrubs = 5.7%) mule deer forage but were included in home ranges in excess of their availability on the landscape, likely because of security cover attributes. Proportion of grasslands in home ranges was most strongly related to both annual (F-1,F-23 = 4.9; P = 0.037; r(2) = 0.18) and summer (F-2,F-25 = 5.7; P = 0.009; r(2) = 0.31) home range sizes, and home ranges increased as the grassland component increased, indicating that this habitat type was providing little value to mule deer. Grassland (0.2% combined cover of preferred forb and shrub) and montane conifer (3.2% ground cover of preferred forb and shrub) habitat types similarly lacked preferred mule deer food, and grasslands also lacked cover. Most immediate gains in mule deer habitat in north-central New Mexico may be attained by management of pinyon-juniper communities to increase forage quantity and quality while maintaining cover attributes. Gains can also be realized in grasslands, but here management must establish both cover and forage. C1 US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bender, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 30003 MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM lbender@nmsu.edu NR 42 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 60 IS 3 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[277:HEOCOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 173NR UT WOS:000246880300009 ER PT J AU Mayanovic, RA Anderson, AJ Bassett, WA Chou, IM AF Mayanovic, Robert A. Anderson, Alan J. Bassett, William A. Chou, I-Ming TI Synchrotron x-ray spectroscopy of Eu/HNO3 aqueous solutions at high temperatures and pressures and Nb-bearing silicate melt phases coexisting with hydrothermal fluids using a modified hydrothermal diamond anvil cell and rail assembly SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS; CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; XAFS; ENERGY; LANTHANIDE; TRANSITION; COMPLEXES; ELEMENTS AB A modified hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) rail assembly has been constructed for making synchrotron x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence, and x-ray mapping measurements on fluids or solid phases in contact with hydrothermal fluids up to similar to 900 degrees C and 700 MPa. The diamond anvils of the HDAC are modified by laser milling grooves or holes, for the reduction of attenuation of incident and fluorescent x rays and sample cavities. The modified HDAC rail assembly has flexibility in design for measurement of light elements at low concentrations or heavy elements at trace levels in the sample and the capability to probe minute individual phases of a multiphase fluid-based system using focused x-ray microbeam. The supporting rail allows for uniform translation of the HDAC, rotation and tilt stages, and a focusing mirror, which is used to illuminate the sample for visual observation using a microscope, relative to the direction of the incident x-ray beam. A structure study of Eu(III) aqua ion behavior in high-temperature aqueous solutions and a study of Nb partitioning and coordination in a silicate melt in contact with a hydrothermal fluid are described as applications utilizing the modified HDAC rail assembly. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Mayanovic, RA (reprint author), SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. EM robertmayanovic@missouristate.edu NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 78 IS 5 AR 053904 DI 10.1063/1.2737748 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 173SP UT WOS:000246893100035 PM 17552838 ER PT J AU Atkinson, GM Wald, DJ AF Atkinson, Gail M. Wald, David J. TI "Did you feel it"? Intensity data: A surprisingly good measure of earthquake ground motion SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SPECTRA; ATTENUATION AB The U.S. Geological Survey is tapping a vast new source of engineering seismology data through its "Did You Feel It?" (DYFI) program, which collects online citizen responses to earthquakes. To date, more than 750,000 responses have been compiled in the United States alone. The DYFI data make up in quantity what they may lack in scientific quality and offer the potential to resolve longstanding issues in earthquake ground-motion science. Such issues have been difficult to address due to the paucity of instrumental ground-motion data in regions of low seismicity. In particular, DYFI data provide strong evidence that earthquake stress drops, which control the strength of high-frequency ground shaking, are higher in the central and eastern United States (CEUS) than in California. Higher earthquake stress drops, coupled with lower attenuation of shaking with distance, result in stronger overall shaking over a wider area and thus more potential damage for CEUS earthquakes in comparison to those of equal magnitude in California-a fact also definitively captured with these new DYFI data and maps. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Atkinson, GM (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM gmatkinson@aol.com; wald@usgs.gov OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 22 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 11 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 3 BP 362 EP 368 DI 10.1785/gssrl.78.3.362 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 168ZD UT WOS:000246561600002 ER PT J AU Bedrosian, PA AF Bedrosian, Paul A. TI MT+, integrating magnetotellurics to determine earth structure, physical state, and processes SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth CY SEP 17-23, 2006 CL El Vendrell, SPAIN SP IAGA WG 1 2 DE magnetotellurics; integrated interpretation; inverse problems; cooperative inversion ID DRY LOWER CRUST; EAST PACIFIC RISE; NORTHERN CANADIAN CORDILLERA; HIGH ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SEISMIC VELOCITY STRUCTURE; LOWER CONTINENTAL-CRUST; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SOUTHERN TIBET; CENTRAL ANDES AB As one of the few deep-earth imaging techniques, magnetotellurics provides information on both the structure and physical state of the crust and upper mantle. Magnetotellurics is sensitive to electrical conductivity, which varies within the earth by many orders of magnitude and is modified by a range of earth processes. As with all geophysical techniques, magnetotellurics has a non-unique inverse problem and has limitations in resolution and sensitivity. As such, an integrated approach, either via the joint interpretation of independent geophysical models, or through the simultaneous inversion of independent data sets is valuable, and at times essential to an accurate interpretation. Magnetotelluric data and models are increasingly integrated with geological, geophysical and geochemical information. This review considers recent studies that illustrate the ways in which such information is combined, from qualitative comparisons to statistical correlation studies to multi-property inversions. Also emphasized are the range of problems addressed by these integrated approaches, and their value in elucidating earth structure, physical state, and processes. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, CICT, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bedrosian, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, CICT, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pbedrosian@usgs.gov NR 176 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3298 EI 1573-0956 J9 SURV GEOPHYS JI Surv. Geophys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 121 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s10712-007-9019-6 PG 47 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 210MW UT WOS:000249461300002 ER PT J AU Ackleh, AS Allen, LJS Carter, J AF Ackleh, Azmy S. Allen, Linda J. S. Carter, Jacoby TI Establishing a beachhead: A stochastic population model with an Allee effect applied to species invasion SO THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasive species; Allee effect; spatially explicit stochastic model; probability of successful invasion ID PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEM; METAPOPULATION MODELS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; HABITAT SELECTION; SPATIAL DYNAMICS; PERSISTENCE; EXTINCTION; DISPERSAL; SUBJECT AB We formulated a spatially explicit stochastic population model with an Allee effect in order to explore how invasive species may become established. In our model, we varied the degree of migration between local populations and used an Allee effect with variable birth and death rates. Because of the stochastic component, population sizes below the Allee effect threshold may still have a positive probability for successful invasion. The larger the network of populations, the greater the probability of an invasion occurring when initial population sizes are close to or above the Allee threshold. Furthermore, if migration rates are low, one or more than one patch may be successfully invaded, while if migration rates are high all patches are invaded. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Ackleh, AS (reprint author), Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM ackleh@louisiana.edu; linda.j.allen@ttu.edu; jacoby_carter@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0040-5809 EI 1096-0325 J9 THEOR POPUL BIOL JI Theor. Popul. Biol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 290 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.tpb.2006.12.006 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 162NE UT WOS:000246093800003 PM 17292932 ER PT J AU Brown, RJ Bickford, N Severin, K AF Brown, Randy J. Bickford, Nate Severin, Ken TI Otolith trace element chemistry as an indicator of anadromy in Yukon River drainage coregonine fishes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CISCO COREGONUS; FRESH-WATER; JAMES-BAY; STRONTIUM; MICROCHEMISTRY; MIGRATION; INCONNU; HISTORY; CANADA; ALASKA AB Eight coregonine species have been documented in the Yukon River drainage. They include inconnu Stenodus leucichthys, broad whitefish Coregonus nasus, humpback whitefish C. pidschian, Alaska whitefish C. nelsonii, least cisco C. sardinella, Bering cisco C. laurettae, round whitefish Prosopium cylindracium, and pygmy whitefish P. coulterii. Personal use, sport, and commercial fisheries within the drainage target several of these species. Some species are capable of anadromous life histories, as evidenced by their presence in estuaries, yet few studies have investigated the upstream migrations of anadromous components of these populations. Only inconnu migrations have been previously examined in the Yukon River drainage. We investigated the distribution of anadromous coregonine fish in the Yukon River drainage in Alaska using sampling and otolith chemistry procedures. Six species were identified in sample collections from eight regions of the drainage between 1,200 and 2,000 km upstream from the Bering Sea. Gonadosomatic indices indicated that most sampled fish of all species were mature and preparing to spawn. Anadromous inconnu, broad whitefish, and humpback whitefish were distributed in the Yukon River and its tributaries to a maximum distance of 1,700 kin from the sea. Anadromous least cisco were distributed in the Yukon River and its tributaries up to 1,600 km from the sea, whereas anadromous Bering cisco were present in the Yukon River main stem as far upstream as 2,000 km. No anadromous round whitefish were detected. Few coregonine spawning areas have been identified, so the actual migration distances of anadromous species may be greater than presented here. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Adv Instrumentat Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Adv Instrumentat Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Brown, RJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave,Room 110, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM randy_j_brown@fws.gov NR 40 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 136 IS 3 BP 678 EP 690 DI 10.1577/T06-040.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 175DK UT WOS:000246992600010 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Young, PJ Chambers, JL Doyle, TW Twilley, RR AF Krauss, Ken W. Young, P. Joy Chambers, Jim L. Doyle, Thomas W. Twilley, Robert R. TI Sap flow characteristics of neotropical mangroves in flooded and drained soils SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avicennia germinans; basin mangroves; flood stress; individual tree water use; Laguncularia racemosa; Rhizophora mangle; radial xylem depth; south Florida ID FOREST CANOPY TREES; XYLEM SAP; RADIAL VARIATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; WATER FLUX; RAIN-FOREST; TRANSPIRATION; VELOCITY; TRANSPORT; RESPONSES AB Effects of flooding on water transport in mangroves have previously been investigated in a few studies, most of which were conducted on seedlings in controlled settings. In this study, we used heat-dissipation sap probes to determine if sap flow (J(s)) attenuates with radial depth into the xylem of mature trees of three south Florida mangrove species growing in Rookery Bay. This was accomplished by inserting sap probes at multiple depths and monitoring diurnal flow. For most species and diameter size class combinations tested, 1, decreased dramatically beyond a radial depth of 2 or 4 cm, with little sap flow beyond a depth of 6 cm. Mean J(s) was reduced on average by 20% in Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn, Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. and Rhizophora mangle L. trees when soils were flooded. Species differences were highly significant, with L. racemosa having the greatest midday J(s) of about 26 g H2O m(-2) s(-1) at a radial depth of 2 cm compared with a mean for the other two species of about 15 g H2O m(-2) s(-1). Sap flow at a depth of 2 cm in mangroves was commensurate with rates reported for other forested wetland tree species. We conclude that: (1) early spring flooding of basin mangrove forests causes reductions in sap flow in mature mangrove trees; (2) the sharp attenuations in 1, along the radial profile have implications for understanding whole-tree water use strategies by mangrove forests; and (3) regardless of flood state, individual mangrove tree water use follows leaf-level mechanisms in being conservative. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Univ Louisiana, Ctr Ecol & Environm Technol, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM kkrauss@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 16 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 775 EP 783 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 168NM UT WOS:000246531300014 PM 17267368 ER PT J AU Parker, SR Gammons, CH Jones, CA Nimick, DA AF Parker, Stephen R. Gammons, Christopher H. Jones, Clain A. Nimick, David A. TI Role of hydrous iron oxide formation in attenuation and diel cycling of dissolved trace metals in a stream affected by acid rock drainage SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE diel; trace metals; iron; copper; zinc; sorption; HFO ID MOUNTAIN STREAM; MINE DRAINAGE; NATURAL-WATERS; SUMMIT COUNTY; FERRIC-OXIDE; NEUTRAL PH; SORPTION; MONTANA; COLORADO; CREEK AB Mining-impacted streams have been shown to undergo diel (24-h) fluctuations in concentrations of major and trace elements. Fisher Creek in south-central Montana, USA receives acid rock drainage (ARD) from natural and mining-related sources. A previous diel field study found substantial changes in dissolved metal concentrations at three sites with differing pH regimes during a 24-h period in August 2002. The current work discusses follow-up field sampling of Fisher Creek as well as field and laboratory experiments that examine in greater detail the underlying processes involved in the observed diel concentration changes. The field experiments employed in-stream chambers that were either transparent or opaque to light, filled with stream water and sediment (cobbles coated with hydrous Fe and Al oxides), and placed in the stream to maintain the same temperature. Three sets of laboratory experiments were performed: (1) equilibration of a Cu(II) and Zn(II) containing solution with Fisher Creek stream sediment at pH 6.9 and different temperatures; (2) titration of Fisher Creek water from pH 3.1 to 7 under four different isothermal conditions; and (3) analysis of the effects of temperature on the interaction of an Fe(II) containing solution with Fisher Creek stream sediment under non-oxidizing conditions. Results of these studies are consistent with a model in which Cu, Fe(II), and to a lesser extent Zn, are adsorbed or co-precipitated with hydrous Fe and Al oxides as the pH of Fisher Creek increases from 5.3 to 7.0. The extent of metal attenuation is strongly temperature-dependent, being more pronounced in warm vs. cold water. Furthermore, the sorption/co-precipitation process is shown to be irreversible; once the Cu, Zn, and Fe(II) are removed from solution in warm water, a decrease in temperature does not release the metals back to the water column. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Geochem, Montana Tech, Butte, MT 59701 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Geol Engn, Montana Tech, Butte, MT 59701 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. RP Parker, SR (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Geochem, Montana Tech, 1300 W Pk St, Butte, MT 59701 USA. EM sparker@mtech.edu; cgammons@mtech.edu; clainj@montana.edu; dnimick@usgs.gov OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 181 IS 1-4 BP 247 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s11270-006-9297-5 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 159GN UT WOS:000245853500022 ER PT J AU Liu, L Tindall, JA Friedel, MJ AF Liu, Ling Tindall, James A. Friedel, Michael J. TI Biodegradation of PAHs and PCBs in soils and sludges SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE PAHs; PCBs; biodegradation; land treatment; mathematical model and application; intraparticle ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SORPTION; WATER; PERSISTENCE; CHEMICALS; KINETICS; AQUIFER; CARBON AB Results from a multi-year, pilot-scale land treatment project for PAHs and PCBs biodegradation were evaluated. A mathematical model, capable of describing sorption, sequestration, and biodegradation in soil/water systems, is applied to interpret the efficacy of a sequential active-passive biotreatment process of organic chemicals on remediation sites. To account for the recalcitrance of PAHs and PCBs in soils and sludges during long-term biotreatment, this model comprises a kinetic equation for organic chemical intraparticle sequestration process. Model responses were verified by comparison to measurements of biodegradation of PAHs and PCBs in land treatment units; a favorable match was found between them. Model simulations were performed to predict on-going biodegradation behavior of PAHs and PCBs in land treatment units. Simulation results indicate that complete biostabilization will be achieved when the concentration of reversibly sorbed chemical (S (RA)) reduces to undetectable levels, with a certain amount of irreversibly sequestrated residual chemical (S (IA)) remaining within the soil particle solid phase. The residual fraction (S (IA)) tends to lose its original chemical and biological activity, and hence, is much less available, toxic, and mobile than the "free" compounds. Therefore, little or no PAHs and PCBs will leach from the treatment site and constitutes no threat to human health or the environment. Biotreatment of PAHs and PCBs can be terminated accordingly. Results from the pilot-scale testing data and model calculations also suggest that a significant fraction (10-30%) of high-molecular-weight PAHs and PCBs could be sequestrated and become unavailable for biodegradation. Bioavailability (large K (d) , i.e., slow desorption rate) is the key factor limiting the PAHs degradation. However, both bioavailability and bioactivity (K in Monod kinetics, i.e., number of microbes, nutrients, and electron acceptor, etc.) regulate PCBs biodegradation. The sequential active-passive biotreatment can be a cost-effective approach for remediation of highly hydrophobic organic contaminants. The mathematical model proposed here would be useful in the design and operation of such organic chemical biodegradation processes on remediation sites. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, WRD, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Tindall, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Fed Ctr, M-S-413,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jtindall@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 181 IS 1-4 BP 281 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s11270-006-9299-3 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 159GN UT WOS:000245853500024 ER PT J AU Mayanovic, RA Anderson, AJ Bassett, WA Chou, IM AF Mayanovic, Robert A. Anderson, Alan J. Bassett, William A. Chou, I-Ming TI On the formation and structure of rare-earth element complexes in aqueous solutions under hydrothermal conditions with new data on gadolinium aqua and chloro complexes SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY 20-25, 2005 CL Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID HO Univ Idaho DE X-ray absorption; high pressure; gadolinium chloride complexes; rare earth elements; diamond anvil cell; structure of solutions ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; LANTHANIDE IONS LN(3+); SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS; GEOCHEMISTRY; HYDRATION; YTTRIUM; EXAFS; WATER AB Synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy experiments were made on the Gd(III) aqua and chloro complexes in low pH aqueous solutions at temperatures ranging from 25 to 500 degrees C and at pressures up to 480 MPa using a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell. Analysis of fluorescence Gd L-3-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra measured from a 0.006m Gd/0.16m HNO3 aqueous solution at temperatures up to 500 degrees C and at pressures up to 260 MPa shows that the Gd-O distance of the Gd3+ aqua ion decreases steadily at a rate of similar to 0.007 angstrom/100 degrees C whereas the number of coordinated H2O molecules decreases from 9.0 +/- 0.5 to 7.0 +/- 0.4. The loss of water molecules in the Gd3+ aqua ion inner hydration shell over this temperature range (a 22% reduction) is smaller than exhibited by the Yb3+ aqua ion (42% reduction) indicating that the former is significantly more stable than the later. We conjecture that the anomalous enrichment of Gd reported from measurement of REE concentrations in ocean waters may be attributed to the enhanced stability of the Gd3+ aqua ion relative to other REEs. Gd L-3-edge XAFS measurements of 0.006m and 0.1m GdCl3 aqueous solutions at temperatures up to 500 degrees C and pressures up to 480 MPa reveal that the onset of significant Gd3+-Cl- association occurs around 300 degrees C. partially hydrated stepwise inner-sphere complexes most likely of the type Gd(H2O)(delta-n)Cl-n(+3-n) occur in the chloride solutions at higher temperatures, where delta approximate to 8 at 300 degrees C decreasing slightly to an intermediate value between 7 and 8 upon approaching 500 degrees C. This is the first direct evidence for the occurrence of partially-hydrated REE Gd (this study) and Yb [Mayanovic, R.A., Jayanetti, S., Anderson, A.J., Bassett, W.A., Chou, I-M., 2002a. The structure of Yb3+ aquo ion and chloro complexes in aqueous solutions at up to 500 degrees C and 270 MPa. J. Phys. Chem. A 106, 6591-6599.] chloro complexes in hydrothermal solutions. The number of chlorides (n) of the partially-hydrated Gd(III) chloro, complexes increases steadily with temperature from 0.4 +/- 0.2 to 1.7 +/- 0.3 in the 0.006m chloride solution and from 0.9 +/- 0.7 to 1.8 +/- 0.7 in the 0.1m GdCl3 aqueous solution in the 300-500 degrees C range. Conversely, the number of H2O ligands of Gd(H O-2)(delta-n)Cl-n(+3-n) complexes decreases steadily from 8.9 +/- 0.4 to 5.8 +/- 0.7 in the 0.006m GdCl3 aqueous solution and from 9.0 +/- 0.5 to 5.3 +/- 1.0 in the 0.1m GdCl3 aqueous solution at temperatures from 25 to 500 degrees C. Analysis of our results shows that the chloride ions partially displace the inner-shell water molecules during Gd(III) complex formation under hydrothermal conditions. The Gd-OH2 bond of the partially-hydrated Gd(III) chloro complexes exhibits slightly smaller rates of length contraction (similar to 0.005 angstrom/100 degrees C) for both solutions. The structural aspects of chloride speciation of Gd(III) as measured from this study and of Yb(III) as measured from our previous experiments are consistent with the solubility of these and other REE in deep-sea hydrothermal fluids. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14583 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Mayanovic, RA (reprint author), Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. EM robertmayanovic@missouristate.edu NR 57 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 239 IS 3-4 BP 266 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.10.004 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 168TO UT WOS:000246547100007 ER EF