FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Meyer, MT Scribner, EA AF Meyer, Michael T. Scribner, Elisabeth A. BA Ahuja, S BF Ahuja, S TI The Evolution of Analytical Technology and Its Impact on Water-Quality Studies for Selected Herbicides and Their Degradation Products in Water SO HANDBOOK OF WATER PURITY AND QUALITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; IN-GROUND WATER; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NEAR-SURFACE AQUIFERS; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; CHLOROACETANILIDE HERBICIDES; TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS; TEMPORAL TRENDS C1 [Meyer, Michael T.; Scribner, Elisabeth A.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Meyer, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 112 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092112-9 PY 2009 BP 289 EP 313 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374192-9.00013-3 PG 25 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BFT93 UT WOS:000321304800014 ER PT J AU Jester, R Lefebvre, K Langlois, G Vigilant, V Baugh, K Silver, MW AF Jester, Rozalind Lefebvre, Kathi Langlois, Gregg Vigilant, Veronica Baugh, Keri Silver, Mary W. TI A shift in the dominant toxin-producing algal species in central California alters phycotoxins in food webs SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium; Domoic acid; Food web; Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins; Phytoplankton shift; Pseudo-nitzschia ID DIATOM PSEUDONITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS; WHOLE-CELL HYBRIDIZATION; DOMOIC ACID; COCHLODINIUM-POLYKRIKOIDES; MONTEREY BAY; CAUSATIVE AGENTS; EMERITA-ANALOGA; SEA LIONS; COAST; MORTALITY AB In California, the toxic algal species of primary concern are the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella and members of the pennate diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia, both producers of potent neurotoxins that are capable of sickening and killing marine life and humans. During the summer of 2004 in Monterey Bay, we observed a change in the taxonomic structure of the phytoplankton community-the typically diatom-dominated community shifted to a red tide, dinoflagellate-dominated community. Here we use a 6-year time series (2000-2006) to show how the abundance of the dominant harmful algal bloom (NAB) species in the Bay up to that point, Pseudo-nitzschia, significantly declined during the dinoflagellate-dominated interval, while two genera of toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium and Dinophysis, became the predominant toxin producers. This change represents a shift from a genus of toxin producers that typically dominates the community during a toxic bloom, to HAB taxa that are generally only minor components of the community in a toxic event. This change in the local HAB species was also reflected in the toxins present in higher trophic levels. Despite the small contribution of A. catenella to the overall phytoplankton community, the increase in the presence of this species in Monterey Bay was associated with an increase in the presence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in sentinel shellfish and clupeoid fish. This report provides the first evidence that PSP toxins are present in California's pelagic food web, as PSP toxins were detected in both northern anchovies (Engraulis mordax) and Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax). Another interesting observation from our data is the co-occurrence of DA and PSP toxins in both planktivorous fish and sentinel shellfish. We also provide evidence, based on the statewide biotoxin monitoring program, that this increase in the frequency and abundance of PSP events related to A. catenella occurred not just in Monterey Bay, but also in other coastal regions of California. Our results demonstrate that changes in the taxonomic structure of the phytoplankton community influences the nature of the algal toxins that move through local food webs and also emphasizes the importance of monitoring for the full suite of toxic algae, rather than just one genus or species. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jester, Rozalind; Vigilant, Veronica; Silver, Mary W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Langlois, Gregg] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Vigilant, Veronica] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Lefebvre, Kathi; Baugh, Keri] NOAA Fisheries, Marine Biotoxins Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Jester, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM antrobus@ucsc.edu FU California Program for Regional Enhanced Monitoring for PhycoToxins; NOAA [NA04NOS4780239, NA160C2936, NA040AR4170038, NA40R4600200, NA960P0476]; UC Office of the President Marine Council [03-T-CEQI-07]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX This work was funded by the California Program for Regional Enhanced Monitoring for PhycoToxins (Cal-PReEMPT), NOAA award NA04NOS4780239, as well as NOAA awards NA160C2936, NA040AR4170038, NA40R4600200, NA960P0476 and a UC Office of the President Marine Council award, 03-T-CEQI-07. This material is based on work supported under a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Special thanks are due to the CDPH volunteers, Cal-PReEMPT team, and crew of the R/V Pt. Lobos who contributed their time to collecting shellfish and/or phytoplankton samples, as well as Vera Trainer of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) for helpful discussions and advice. We also thank Raphael Kudela (UCSC), Stephanie Moore (NWFSC) and an anonymous reviewer who provided insightful and useful comments on the manuscript.[SS] NR 55 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JAN PY 2009 VL 8 IS 2 BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.07.001 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 399MK UT WOS:000262803800013 ER PT B AU Belnap, J Sherrod, SK AF Belnap, Jayne Sherrod, Susan K. BE VanderValk, AG TI Soil amendment effects on the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. and facilitation of its growth by the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth SO HERBACEOUS PLANT ECOLOGY: RECENT ADVANCES IN PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Desert; Dryland; Invasive annual grass; Restoration; Salt tolerance ID HYDRAULIC LIFT; ROOT EXUDATION; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; BOUTELOUA-GRACILIS; CALCIFUGE HABIT; NORTH-AMERICA; INVASIVE WEED; ORGANIC-ACIDS; MOJAVE DESERT; PLANTS AB Greenhouse experiments were undertaken to identify soil factors that curtail growth of the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) without significantly inhibiting growth of native perennial grasses (here represented by Hilaria jamesii [Torr.] Benth). We grew B. tectorum and H. jamesii alone (monoculture pots) and together (combination pots) in soil treatments that manipulated levels of soil phosphorus, potassium, and sodium. Hilaria jamesii showed no decline when its aboveground biomass in any of the applied treatments was compared to the control in either the monoculture or combination pots. Monoculture pots of B. tectorum showed a decline in aboveground biomass with the addition of Na(2)HPO(4) and K(2)HPO(4). Interestingly, in pots where H. jamesii was present, the negative effect of these treatments was ameliorated. Whereas the presence of B. tectorum generally decreased the aboveground biomass of H. jamesii (comparing aboveground biomass in monoculture versus combination pots), the presence of H. jamesii resulted in an enhancement of B. tectorum aboveground biomass by up to 900%. We hypothesize that B. tectorum was able to obtain resources from H. jamesii, an action that benefited B. tectorum while generally harming H. jamesii. Possible ways resources may be gained by B. tectorum from native perennial grasses include (1) B. tectorum is protected from salt stress by native plants or associated soil biota; (2) when B. tectorum is grown with H. jamesii, the native soil biota is altered in a way that favors B. tectorum growth, including B. tectorum tapping into the mycorrhizal network of native plants and obtaining resources from them; (3) B. tectorum can take advantage of root exudates from native plants, including water and nutrients released by natives via hydraulic redistribution; and (4) B. tectorum is able to utilize some combination of the above mechanisms. In summary, land managers may find adding soil treatments can temporarily suppress B. tectorum and enhance the establishment of native plants. However, the extirpation of B. tectorum is unlikely, as many native grasses are likely to facilitate its growth. C1 [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Sherrod, Susan K.] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80210 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 S W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov NR 88 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-2797-9 PY 2009 BP 345 EP 357 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2798-6_29 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BLY71 UT WOS:000271458700029 ER PT S AU Shore, L Wershaw, R AF Shore, Laurence Wershaw, Robert BE Shore, LS Pruden, A TI Organic Compounds Used in Animal Husbandry SO HORMONES AND PHARMACEUTICALS GENERATED BY CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS: TRANSPORT IN WATER AND SOIL SE Emerging Topics in Ecotoxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRENBOLONE ACETATE; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; POULTRY LITTER; GROWTH; CATTLE; RESIDUES; SOILS; IVERMECTIN; ROXARSONE; WASTE AB Although in general, the same drugs are used by humans as for animal husbandry, some compounds are unique to CAFOs. In raising and fattening steers, anabolic steroids are widely used in the US. In the cattle industry, large use is made of the acaricides, avermectins, and the cypermethrins as well as juvenile growth hormone inhibitor for fly and tick control that could affect soil fauna in very small quantities as they reach the environment without any modification. In poultry, the organic arsenides have been widely used for decades to control coccidiosis and increase growth. The environmental fate of the arsenic excreted in the poultry feces is therefore been an area of concern. C1 [Shore, Laurence; Wershaw, Robert] Kimron Vet Inst, Dept Endocrinol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Shore, Laurence; Wershaw, Robert] Kimron Vet Inst, Dept Toxicol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Wershaw, Robert] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Shore, L (reprint author), Kimron Vet Inst, Dept Endocrinol, POB 12, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM shorel@int.gov.il; rwershaw@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1868-1344 BN 978-0-387-92833-3 J9 EMERG TOP ECOTOXICOL JI Emrg. Top. Ecotox. PY 2009 VL 1 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-92834-0_13 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-92834-0 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BKK05 UT WOS:000268337400013 ER PT S AU Morgan, LA Shanks, WCP Pierce, KL AF Morgan, Lisa A. Shanks, W. C. Pat, III Pierce, Kenneth L. TI Hydrothermal Processes above the Yellowstone Magma Chamber: Large Hydrothermal Systems and Large Hydrothermal Explosions SO HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSES ABOVE THE YELLOWSTONE MAGMA CHAMBER: LARGE HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS AND LARGE HYDROTHERMAL EXPLOSIONS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book ID ACTIVE GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-PARK; NEW-ZEALAND; THERMAL WATERS; CRUSTAL UPLIFT; DRILL CORES; HOT SPRINGS; FLUID-FLOW; CALDERA C1 [Morgan, Lisa A.; Shanks, W. C. Pat, III] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pierce, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Morgan, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 180 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2459-1 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 459 BP 1 EP 95 DI 10.1130/2009.2459 PG 95 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB19 UT WOS:000286327700001 ER PT J AU Jonsson, JE Afton, AD AF Jonsson, Jon Einar Afton, Alan D. TI Time budgets of Snow Geese Chen caerulescens and Ross's Geese Chen rossii in mixed flocks: implications of body size, ambient temperature and family associations SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE alertness; peck rates; energetics; foraging; predation; social behaviour; waterfowl ID BARNACLE GOOSE FLOCKS; WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; FORAGING STRATEGIES; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; ENERGY BUDGETS; CANADA GEESE; SEA DUCKS; VIGILANCE; COMPETITION; EIDERS AB Body size affects foraging and forage intake rates directly via energetic processes and indirectly through interactions with social status and social behaviour. Ambient temperature has a relatively greater effect on the energetics of smaller species, which also generally are more vulnerable to predator attacks than are larger species. We examined variability in an index of intake rates and an index of alertness in Lesser Snow Geese Chen caerulescens caerulescens and Ross's Geese Chen rossii wintering in southwest Louisiana. Specifically we examined variation in these response variables that could be attributed to species, age, family size and ambient temperature. We hypothesized that the smaller Ross's Geese would spend relatively more time feeding, exhibit relatively higher peck rates, spend more time alert or raise their heads up from feeding more frequently, and would respond to declining temperatures by increasing their proportion of time spent feeding. As predicted, we found that Ross's Geese spent more time feeding than did Snow Geese and had slightly higher peck rates than Snow Geese in one of two winters. Ross's Geese spent more time alert than did Snow Geese in one winter, but alert rates differed by family size, independent of species, in contrast to our prediction. In one winter, time spent foraging and walking was inversely related to average daily temperature, but both varied independently of species. Effects of age and family size on time budgets were generally independent of species and in accordance with previous studies. We conclude that body size is a key variable influencing time spent feeding in Ross's Geese, which may require a high time spent feeding at the expense of other activities. C1 [Jonsson, Jon Einar] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Jonsson, JE (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Snaefellsnes Res Ctr, IS-340 Stykkisholmur, Iceland. EM joneinar@hi.is RI Jonsson, Jon Einar/K-7482-2015 OI Jonsson, Jon Einar/0000-0003-1198-786X FU Canadian Wildlife Service; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF); Delta Waterfowl Foundation; Rockefeller Scholarship program; Cameron Prairie NWR; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; USGS-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Graduate School; LSU AgCenter; School of Renewable Natural Resources at Louisiana State University FX Our study was funded by the Canadian Wildlife Service, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF), Delta Waterfowl Foundation, Rockefeller Scholarship program, Cameron Prairie NWR, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and by the USGS-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Graduate School, LSU AgCenter, and School of Renewable Natural Resources at Louisiana State University. Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge, Cameron NWR, and LDWF provided housing and valuable logistical support. We thank Carly Jane Michie, Brandt Meixell and Mark Pollock for their help with data collection, and David C. Blouin and Michael D. Kaller for their advice on statistical analyses. We thank Jennifer A. Gill, Hrefna SigurjUnsdUttir, Robert F. Rockwell, two anonymous reviewers, and associate editor Alistair Dawson for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Finally, we thank Robert Helm, Troy Blair, Jennifer Yurek, Guthrie Perrie, Tom J. Hess, Jeb Linscombe, and Daniel Gary for their help with this project. NR 78 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2009 VL 151 IS 1 BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00895.x PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 385TL UT WOS:000261836400011 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, C Conway, CJ Ali, MH AF Kirkpatrick, Chris Conway, Courtney J. Ali, Moez H. TI Sanitation of entire broods of dead nestlings may bias cause-specific nest failure rates SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE Arizona; ground-nesting birds; inclement weather; nest abandonment; nest fate; nestling mortality; nestling starvation; nest monitoring; nest predation; Red-faced Warbler; video cameras; Yellow-eyed Junco ID ACROCEPHALUS-ARUNDINACEUS; EGGSHELL REMOVAL; BEHAVIOR; POLYGYNY; SUCCESS C1 [Kirkpatrick, Chris; Ali, Moez H.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, USGS Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, C (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM kirkpatr@email.arizona.edu FU U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U. S. Geological Survey and T E, Inc FX We thank M. Eastwood, N. Nardello and T. Selvidge for assistance locating nests and operating video cameras and S. Sferra (U. S. Bureau of Reclamation) for supplying video cameras. R. Peterson and the University of Arizona Steward Observatory provided field housing. T. Harrison, J. Reynolds, J. Smith and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. Funding was provided by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U. S. Geological Survey and T & E, Inc. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2009 VL 151 IS 1 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00893.x PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 385TL UT WOS:000261836400021 ER PT S AU Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU AF Gohn, Gregory S. Koeberl, Christian Miller, Kenneth G. Reimold, Wolf Uwe BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Deep drilling in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure-An overview SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TEKTITE STREWN FIELD; LATE EOCENE; BOLIDE IMPACT; SEA-LEVEL; MIOCENE SEQUENCES; COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; PROJECT; CRATER; USA AB The late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure lies buried at moderate depths below Chesapeake Bay and surrounding landmasses in southeastern Virginia, USA. Numerous characteristics made this impact structure an inviting target for scientific drilling, including the location of the impact on the Eocene continental shelf, its three-layer target structure, its large size (similar to 85 km diameter), its status as the source of the North American tektite strewn field, its temporal association with other late Eocene terrestrial impacts, its documented effects on the regional groundwater system, and its previously unstudied effects on the deep microbial biosphere. The Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure Deep Drilling Project was designed to drill a deep, continuously cored test hole into the central part of the structure. A project workshop, funding proposals, and the acceptance of those proposals occurred during 2003-2005. Initial drilling funds were provided by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) and the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). Supplementary funds were provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Science Mission Directorate, ICDP, and USGS. Field operations were conducted at Eyreville Farm, Northampton County, Virginia, by Drilling, Observation, and Sampling of the Earth's Continental Crust (DOSECC) and the project staff during September-December 2005, resulting in two continuously cored, deep holes. The USGS and Rutgers University cored a shallow hole to 140 m in April-May 2006 to complete the recovered section from land surface to 1766 m depth. The recovered section consists of 1322 m of crater materials and 444 m of overlying postimpact Eocene to Pleistocene sediments. The crater section consists of, from base to top: basement-derived blocks of crystalline rocks (215 m); a section of suevite, impact melt rock, lithic impact breccia, and cataclasites (154 m); a thin interval of quartz sand and lithic blocks (26 m); a granite megablock (275 m); and sediment blocks and boulders, polymict, sediment-clast-dominated sedimentary breccias, and a thin upper section of stratified sediments (652 m). The cored postimpact sediments provide insight into the effects of a large continental-margin impact on subsequent coastal-plain sedimentation. This volume contains the first results of multidisciplinary studies of the Eyreville cores and related topics. The volume is divided into these sections: geologic column; borehole geophysical studies; regional geophysical studies; crystalline rocks, impactites, and impact models; sedimentary breccias; postimpact sediments; hydrologic and geothermal studies; and microbiologic studies. C1 [Gohn, Gregory S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Koeberl, Christian] Univ Vienna, Dept Lithospher Res, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Miller, Kenneth G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Reimold, Wolf Uwe] Humboldt Univ, Leibniz Inst, Museum Nat Kunde, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Gohn, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 97 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(01) PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600003 ER PT S AU Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU AF Gohn, Gregory S. Koeberl, Christian Miller, Kenneth G. Reimold, Wolf Uwe BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI The ICDP-USGS Deep Drilling Project in the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure: Results from the Eyreville Core Holes Preface and Acknowledgments SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Gohn, Gregory S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Koeberl, Christian] Univ Vienna, Dept Lithospher Res, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Miller, Kenneth G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Reimold, Wolf Uwe] Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat Kunde, Leibniz Inst, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Gohn, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP VII EP VIII PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600001 ER PT S AU Horton, JW Gibson, RL Reimold, WU Wittmann, A Gohn, GS Edwards, LE AF Horton, J. Wright, Jr. Gibson, Roger L. Reimold, Wolf Uwe Wittmann, Axel Gohn, Gregory S. Edwards, Lucy E. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Geologic columns for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Impactites and crystalline rocks, 1766 to 1096 m depth SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYLAS ZONE; CRATER; METAMORPHISM; ORIGIN; CLASSIFICATION; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; SEDIMENTS; BRECCIAS; PIEDMONT AB The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eyreville drill cores from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure provide one of the most complete geologic sections ever obtained from an impact structure. This paper presents a series of geologic columns and descriptive lithologic information for the lower impactite and crystalline-rock sections in the cores. The lowermost cored section (1766-1551 m depth) is a complex assemblage of mica schists that commonly contain graphite and fibrolitic sillimanite, intrusive granite pegmatites that grade into coarse granite, and local zones of mylonitic deformation. This basement-derived section is variably overprinted by brittle cataclastic fabrics and locally cut by dikes of polymict impact breccia, including several suevite dikes. An overlying succession of suevites and lithic impact breccias (1551-1397 m) includes a lower section dominated by polymict lithic impact breccia with blocks (up to 17 m) and boulders of cataclastic gneiss and an upper section (above 1474 m) of suevites and clast-rich impact melt rocks. The uppermost suevite is overlain by 26 m (1397-1371 m) of gravelly quartz sand that contains an amphibolite block and boulders of cataclasite and suevite. Above the sand, a 275-m-thick allochthonous granite slab (1371-1096 m) includes gneissic biotite granite, fine- and medium-to-coarse-grained biotite granites, and red altered granite near the base. The granite slab is overlain by more gravelly sand, and both are attributed to debris-avalanche and/or rockslide deposition that slightly preceded or accompanied seawater-resurge into the collapsing transient crater. C1 [Horton, J. Wright, Jr.; Gohn, Gregory S.; Edwards, Lucy E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gibson, Roger L.; Reimold, Wolf Uwe] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geosci, Impact Cratering Res Grp, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Reimold, Wolf Uwe] Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat Kunde, Leibniz Inst, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Wittmann, Axel] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Horton, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM whorton@usgs.gov NR 82 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 21 EP 49 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(02) PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600004 ER PT S AU Edwards, LE Powars, DS Gohn, GS Dypvik, H AF Edwards, L. E. Powars, D. S. Gohn, G. S. Dypvik, H. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Geologic columns for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville A and B cores, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Sediment-clast breccias, 1096 to 444 m depth SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EVENT AB The Eyreville A and B cores, recovered from the "moat" of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, provide a thick section of sediment-clast breccias and minor stratified sediments from 1095.74 to 443.90 m. This paper discusses the components of these breccias, presents a geologic column and descriptive lithologic framework for them, and formalizes the Exmore Formation. From 1095.74 to similar to 867 m, the cores consist of nonmarine sediment boulders and sand (rare blocks up to 15.3 m intersected diameter). A sharp contact in both cores at similar to 867 m marks the lowest clayey, silty, glauconitic quartz sand that constitutes the base of the Exmore Formation and its lower diamicton member. Here, material derived from the upper sediment target layers, as well as some impact ejecta, occurs. The block-dominated member of the Exmore Formation, from similar to 855-618.23 m, consists of nonmarine sediment blocks and boulders (up to 45.5 m) that are juxtaposed complexly. Blocks of oxidized clay are an important component. Above 618.23 m, which is the base of the informal upper diamicton member of the Exmore Formation, the glauconitic matrix is a consistent component in diamicton layers between nonmarine sediment clasts that decrease in size upward in the section. Crystalline-rock clasts are not randomly distributed but rather form local concentrations. The upper part of the Exmore Formation consists of crudely fining-upward sandy packages capped by laminated silt and clay. The overlap interval of Eyreville A and B (940-similar to 760 m) allows recognition of local similarities and differences in the breccias. C1 [Edwards, L. E.; Powars, D. S.; Gohn, G. S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Dypvik, H.] Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Edwards, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 51 EP 89 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(03) PG 39 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600005 ER PT S AU Edwards, LE Powars, DS Browning, JV McLaughlin, PP Miller, KG Self-Trail, JM Kulpecz, AA Elbra, T AF Edwards, L. E. Powars, D. S. Browning, J. V. McLaughlin, P. P., Jr. Miller, K. G. Self-Trail, J. M. Kulpecz, A. A. Elbra, Tiiu BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Geologic columns for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville A and C cores, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Postimpact sediments, 444 to 0 m depth SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VIRGINIA AB A 443.9-m-thick, virtually undisturbed section of postimpact deposits in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure was recovered in the Eyreville A and C cores, Northampton County, Virginia, within the "moat" of the structure's central crater. Recovered sediments are mainly fine-grained marine siliciclastics, with the exception of Pleistocene sand, clay, and gravel. The lowest postimpact unit is the upper Eocene Chickahominy Formation (443.9-350.1 m). At 93.8 m, this is the maximum thickness yet recovered for deposits that represent the return to "normal marine" sedimentation. The Drummonds Corner beds (informal) and the Old Church Formation are thin Oligocene units present between 350.1 and 344.7 m. Above the Oligocene, there is a more typical Virginia coastal plain succession. The Calvert Formation (344.7-225.4 m) includes a thin lower Miocene part overlain by a much thicker middle Miocene part. From 225.4 to 206.0 m, sediments of the middle Miocene Choptank Formation, rarely reported in the Virginia coastal plain, are present. The thick upper Miocene St. Marys and Eastover Formations (206.0-57.8 m) appear to represent a more complete succession than in the type localities. Correlation with the nearby Kiptopeke core indicates that two Pliocene units are present: Yorktown (57.8-32.2 m) and Chowan River Formations (32.2-18.3 m). Sediments at the top of the section represent an upper Pleistocene channel-fill and are assigned to the Butlers Bluff and Occohannock Members of the Nassawadox Formation (18.3-0.6 m). C1 [Edwards, L. E.; Powars, D. S.; Self-Trail, J. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Browning, J. V.; Miller, K. G.; Kulpecz, A. A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [McLaughlin, P. P., Jr.] Univ Delaware, Delaware Geol Survey, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kulpecz, A. A.] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Houston, TX 77002 USA. [Elbra, Tiiu] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Lab Solid Earth Geophys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. RP Edwards, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 91 EP 114 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(04) PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600006 ER PT S AU Durand, CT Edwards, LE Malinconico, ML Powars, DS AF Durand, Colleen T. Edwards, Lucy E. Malinconico, MaryAnn L. Powars, David S. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Supplemental materials for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville A, B, and C core holes, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Core-box photographs, coring-run tables, and depth-conversion files SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB During 2005-2006, the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program and the U. S. Geological Survey drilled three continuous core holes into the Chesapeake Bay impact structure to a total depth of 1766.3 m. A collection of supplemental materials that presents a record of the core recovery and measurement data for the Eyreville cores is available on CD-ROM at the end of this volume and in the GSA Data Repository. The supplemental materials on the CD-ROM include digital photographs of each core box from the three core holes, tables of the three coring-run logs, as recorded on site, and a set of depth-conversion programs. In this chapter, the contents, purposes, and basic applications of the supplemental materials are briefly described. With this information, users can quickly decide if the materials will apply to their specific research needs. C1 [Durand, Colleen T.; Edwards, Lucy E.; Malinconico, MaryAnn L.; Powars, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Durand, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(05) PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600007 ER PT S AU Pierce, HA Murray, JB AF Pierce, Herbert A. Murray, James B. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Physical property data from the ICDP-USGS Eyreville cores A and B, Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA, acquired using a multisensor core logger SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS AB The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) and the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) drilled three core holes to a composite depth of 1766 m within the moat of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. Core recovery rates from the drilling were high (similar to 90%), but problems with core hole collapse limited the geophysical downhole logging to natural-gamma and temperature logs. To supplement the downhole logs, similar to 5% of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure cores was processed through the USGS GeoTek multisensor core logger (MSCL) located in Menlo Park, California. The measured physical properties included core thickness (cm), density (g cm(-3)), P-wave velocity (m s(-1)), P-wave amplitude (%), magnetic susceptibility (cgs), and resistivity (ohm-m). Fractional porosity was a secondary calculated property. The MSCL data-sampling interval for all core sections was 1 cm longitudinally. Photos of each MSCL sampled core section were imbedded with the physical property data for direct comparison. These data have been used in seismic, geologic, thermal history, magnetic, and gravity models of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. Each physical property curve has a unique signature when viewed over the full depth of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure core holes. Variations in the measured properties reflect differences in pre-impact target-rock lithologies and spatial variations in impact-related deformation during late-stage crater collapse and ocean resurge. C1 [Pierce, Herbert A.; Murray, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Pierce, HA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hpierce@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 165 EP 179 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(08) PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600010 ER PT S AU Plescia, JB Daniels, DL Shah, AK AF Plescia, J. B. Daniels, D. L. Shah, A. K. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Gravity investigations of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATLANTIC CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; COASTAL-PLAIN SEDIMENTS; DELMARVA PENINSULA; SEISMIC-REFLECTION; NORTH-AMERICA; VIRGINIA; MARYLAND; CRATERS; USA; DENSITY AB The Chesapeake Bay impact structure is a complex impact crater, similar to 85 km in diameter, buried beneath postimpact sediments. Its main structural elements include a central uplift of crystalline bedrock, a surrounding inner crater filled with impact debris, and an annular faulted margin composed of block-faulted sediments. The gravity anomaly is consistent with that of a complex impact consisting of a central positive anomaly over the central uplift and an annular negative anomaly over the inner crater. An anomaly is not recognized as being associated with the faulted margin or the outer edge of the structure. Densities from the Eyreville drill core and modeling indicate a density contrast of similar to 0.3-0.6 g cm(-3) between crystalline basement and the material that fills the inner crater (e.g., Exmore breccia and suevite). This density contrast is somewhat higher than for other impact structures, but it is a function of the manner in which the crater fill was deposited (as a marine resurge deposit). Modeling of the gravity data is consistent with a depth to basement of similar to 1600 m at the site of Eyreville drill hole and 800 m at the central uplift. Both depths are greater than the depth at which crystalline rocks were encountered in the cores, suggesting that the cored material is highly fractured para-allochthonous rock. C1 [Plescia, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Daniels, D. L.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Mineral Resource Team, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Shah, A. K.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Imaging & Characterizat Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Plescia, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Plescia, Jeffrey/B-7738-2016 NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(09) PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600011 ER PT S AU Shah, AK Daniels, DL Kontny, A Brozena, J AF Shah, Anjana K. Daniels, David L. Kontny, Agnes Brozena, John BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Megablocks and melt pockets in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure constrained by magnetic field measurements and properties of the Eyreville and Cape Charles cores SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRATERS; VIRGINIA; GRAVITY; GHANA; MODEL AB We use magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetization measurements of the Eyreville and Cape Charles cores in combination with new and previously collected magnetic field data in order to constrain structural features within the inner basin of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. The Eyreville core shows the first evidence of several-hundred-meter-thick basement-derived megablocks that have been transported possibly kilometers from their pre-impact location. The magnetic anomaly map of the structure exhibits numerous short-wavelength (<2 km) variations that indicate the presence of magnetic sources within the crater fill. With core magnetic properties and seismic reflection and refraction results as constraints, forward models of the magnetic field show that these sources may represent basement-derived megablocks that are a few hundred meters thick or melt bodies that are a few dozen meters thick. Larger-scale magnetic field properties suggest that these bodies overlie deeper, pre-impact basement contacts between materials with different magnetic properties such as gneiss and schist or gneiss and granite. The distribution of the short-wavelength magnetic anomalies in combination with observations of small-scale (1-2 mGal) gravity field variations suggest that basement-derived megablocks are preferentially distributed on the eastern side of the inner crater, not far from the Eyreville core, at depths of around 1-2 km. A scenario where additional basement-derived blocks between 2 and 3 km depth are distributed throughout the inner basin-and are composed of more magnetic materials, such as granite and schist, toward the east over a large-scale magnetic anomaly high and less magnetic materials, such as gneiss, toward the west where the magnetic anomaly is lower-provides a good model fit to the observed magnetic anomalies in a manner that is consistent with both gravity and seismic-refraction data. C1 [Shah, Anjana K.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Daniels, David L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kontny, Agnes] Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Angew Geowissensch, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Brozena, John] USN, Res Lab, Marine Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shah, AK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964,Bldg 20,POB 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM ashah@usgs.gov; dave@usgs.gov; kontny@agk.uka.de; John.brozena@nrl.navy.mil NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 195 EP 208 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(10) PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600012 ER PT S AU Powars, DS Catchings, RD Goldman, MR Gohn, GS Horton, JW Edwards, LE Rymer, MJ Gandhok, G AF Powars, David S. Catchings, Rufus D. Goldman, Mark R. Gohn, Gregory S. Horton, J. Wright, Jr. Edwards, Lucy E. Rymer, Michael J. Gandhok, Gini BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI High-resolution seismic-reflection images across the ICDP-USGS Eyreville deep drilling site, Chesapeake Bay impact structure SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) acquired two 1.4-km-long, high-resolution (similar to 5 m vertical resolution) seismic-reflection lines in 2006 that cross near the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-USGS Eyreville deep drilling site located above the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure in Virginia, USA. Five-meter spacing of seismic sources and geophones produced high-resolution images of the subsurface adjacent to the 1766-m-depth Eyreville core holes. Analysis of these lines, in the context of the core hole stratigraphy, shows that moderate-amplitude, discontinuous, dipping reflections below similar to 527 m correlate with a variety of Chesapeake Bay impact structure sediment and rock breccias recovered in the cores. High-amplitude, continuous, subhorizontal reflections above similar to 527 m depth correlate with the uppermost part of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure crater-fill sediments and postimpact Eocene to Pleistocene sediments. Reflections with similar to 20-30 m of relief in the uppermost part of the crater-fill and lowermost part of the postimpact section suggest differential compaction of the crater-fill materials during early postimpact time. The top of the crater-fill section also shows similar to 20 m of relief that appears to represent an original synimpact surface. Truncation surfaces, locally dipping reflections, and depth variations in reflection amplitudes generally correlate with the lithostratigraphic and sequence-stratigraphic units and contacts in the core. Seismic images show apparent postimpact paleochannels that include the first possible Miocene paleochannels in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. Broad downwarping in the postimpact section unrelated to structures in the crater fill indicates postimpact sediment compaction. C1 [Powars, David S.; Gohn, Gregory S.; Horton, J. Wright, Jr.; Edwards, Lucy E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Catchings, Rufus D.; Goldman, Mark R.; Rymer, Michael J.; Gandhok, Gini] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Powars, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 209 EP 233 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(11) PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600013 ER PT S AU Gibson, RL Townsend, GN Horton, JW Reimold, WU AF Gibson, Roger L. Townsend, Gabrielle N. Horton, J. Wright, Jr. Reimold, Wolf Uwe BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Pre-impact tectonothermal evolution of the crystalline basement-derived rocks in the ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; REGIONAL METAMORPHISM; ALLEGHANIAN OROGENY; EASTERN PIEDMONT; PELITIC ROCKS; CAROLINA; DEFORMATION; CONSTRAINTS; SYSTEM; EQUILIBRIA AB Pre-impact crystalline rocks of the lowermost 215 m of the Eyreville B drill core from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure consist of a sequence of pelitic mica schists with subsidiary metagraywackes or felsic metavolcanic rocks, amphibolite, and calc-silicate rock that is intruded by muscovite (+/- biotite, garnet) granite and granite pegmatite. The schists are commonly graphitic and pyritic and locally contain plagioclase porphyroblasts, fibrolitic sillimanite, and garnet that indicate middle- to upper-amphibolite-facies peak metamorphic conditions estimated at similar to 0.4-0.5 GPa and 600-670 degrees C. The schists display an intense, shallowly dipping, S1 composite shear foliation with local micrometer- to decimeter-scale recumbent folds and S-C' shear band structures that formed at high temperatures. Zones of chaotically oriented foliation, resembling breccias but showing no signs of retrogression, are developed locally and are interpreted as shear-disrupted fold hinges. Mineral textural relations in the mica schists indicate that the metamorphic peak was attained during D1. Fabric analysis indicates, however, that subhorizontal shear deformation continued during retrograde cooling, forming mylonite zones in which high-temperature shear fabrics (S-C and S-C') are overprinted by progressively lower-temperature fabrics. Cataclasites and carbonate-cemented breccias in more competent lithologies such as the calc-silicate unit and in the felsic gneiss found as boulders in the overlying impactite succession may reflect a final pulse of low-temperature cataclastic deformation during D1. These breccias and the shear and mylonitic foliations are cut by smaller, steeply inclined anastomosing fractures with chlorite and calcite infill (interpreted as D2). This D2 event was accompanied by extensive chlorite-sericite-calcite +/- epidote retrogression and appears to predate the impact event. Granite and granite pegmatite veins display local discordance to the S1 foliation, but elsewhere they are affected by high-temperature mylonitic shear deformation, suggesting a late-D1 intrusive timing close to the metamorphic peak. The D1 event is tentatively interpreted as a thrusting event associated with westward-verging collision between Gondwana and Laurentia before or during the Permian-Carboniferous Alleghanian orogeny. It is unclear whether subsequent brittle deformation, described here as D2, could be part of regional dextral Alleghanian strike-slip faulting or younger Mesozoic normal faulting. C1 [Gibson, Roger L.; Townsend, Gabrielle N.; Reimold, Wolf Uwe] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geosci, Impact Cratering Res Grp, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Horton, J. Wright, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Reimold, Wolf Uwe] Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat Kunde, Leibniz Inst, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Gibson, RL (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geosci, Impact Cratering Res Grp, PO WITS, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. EM roger.gibson@wits.ac.za NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 235 EP 254 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(12) PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600014 ER PT S AU Townsend, GN Gibson, RL Horton, JW Reimold, WU Schmitt, RT Bartosova, K AF Townsend, Gabrielle N. Gibson, Roger L. Horton, J. Wright, Jr. Reimold, Wolf Uwe Schmitt, Ralf T. Bartosova, Katerina BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Petrographic and geochemical comparisons between the lower crystalline basement-derived section and the granite megablock and amphibolite megablock of the Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USA SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; ALLEGHANIAN GRANITES; BELT; ND AB The Eyreville B core from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA, contains a lower basement-derived section (1551.19 m to 1766.32 m deep) and two megablocks of dominantly (1) amphibolite (1376.38 m to 1389.35 m deep) and (2) granite (1095.74 m to 1371.11 m deep), which are separated by an impactite succession. Metasedimentary rocks (muscovite-quartz-plagioclase-biotite-graphite +/- fibrolite +/- garnet +/- tourmaline +/- pyrite +/- rutile +/- pyrrhotite mica schist, hornblende-plagioclase-epidote-biotite-K-feldspar-quartz-titanite-calcite amphibolite, and vesuvianite-plagioclase-quartz-epidotecalc-silicate rock) are dominant in the upper part of the lower basement-derived section, and they are intruded by pegmatitic to coarse-grained granite (K-feldspar-plagioclase-quartz-muscovite +/- biotite +/- garnet) that increases in volume proportion downward. The granite megablock contains both gneissic and weakly or nonfoliated biotite granite varieties (K-feldspar-quartz-plagioclase-biotite +/- muscovite +/- pyrite), with small schist xenoliths consisting of biotite-plagioclase-quartz +/- epidote +/- amphibole. The lower basement-derived section and both megablocks exhibit similar middle-to upper-amphibolite-facies metamorphic grades that suggest they might represent parts of a single terrane. However, the mica schists in the lower basement-derived sequence and in the megablock xenoliths show differences in both mineralogy and whole-rock chemistry that suggest a more mafic source for the xenoliths. Similarly, the mineralogy of the amphibolite in the lower basement-derived section and its association with calc-silicate rock suggest a sedimentary protolith, whereas the bulk-rock and mineral chemistry of the megablock amphibolite indicate an igneous protolith. The lower basement-derived granite also shows bulk chemical and mineralogical differences from the megablock gneissic and biotite granites. C1 [Townsend, Gabrielle N.; Gibson, Roger L.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geosci, Impact Cratering Res Grp, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Horton, J. Wright, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Reimold, Wolf Uwe; Schmitt, Ralf T.] Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat Kunde, Leibniz Inst, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Bartosova, Katerina] Univ Vienna, Dept Geol Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Townsend, GN (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geosci, Impact Cratering Res Grp, PO WITS, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. EM gtown84@gmail.com NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 255 EP 275 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(13) PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600015 ER PT S AU Horton, JW Kunk, MJ Belkin, HE Aleinikoff, JN Jackson, JC Chou, IM AF Horton, J. Wright, Jr. Kunk, Michael J. Belkin, Harvey E. Aleinikoff, John N. Jackson, John C. Chou, I-Ming BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Evolution of crystalline target rocks and impactites in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TEKTITE STREWN FIELD; SHOCK METAMORPHISM; CRATER; USA; CLASSIFICATION; VIRGINIA; ORIGIN; QUARTZ; GEOCHRONOLOGY; CRISTOBALITE AB The 1766-m-deep Eyreville B core from the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure includes, in ascending order, a lower basement-derived section of schist and pegmatitic granite with impact breccia dikes, polymict impact breccias, and cataclastic gneiss blocks overlain by suevites and clast-rich impact melt rocks, sand with an amphibolite block and lithic boulders, and a 275-m-thick granite slab overlain by crater-fill sediments and postimpact strata. Graphite-rich cataclasite marks a detachment fault atop the lower basement-derived section. Overlying impactites consist mainly of basement-derived clasts and impact melt particles, and coastal-plain sediment clasts are underrepresented. Shocked quartz is common, and coesite and reidite are confirmed by Raman spectra. Silicate glasses have textures indicating immiscible melts at quench, and they are partly altered to smectite. Chrome spinel, baddeleyite, and corundum in silicate glass indicate high-temperature crystallization under silica undersaturation. Clast-rich impact melt rocks contain alpha-cristobalite and monoclinic tridymite. The impactites record an upward transition from slumped ground surge to melt-rich fallback from the ejecta plume. Basement-derived rocks include amphibolite-facies schists, greenschist(?)-facies quartz-feldspar gneiss blocks and subgreenschist-facies shale and siltstone clasts in polymict impact breccias, the amphibolite block, and the granite slab. The granite slab, underlying sand, and amphibolite block represent rock avalanches from inward collapse of unshocked bedrock around the transient crater rim. Gneissic and massive granites in the slab yield U-Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon dates of 615 +/- 7 Ma and 254 +/- 3 Ma, respectively. Postimpact heating was 90 wt%) through a range of lower SiO(2) (55-75 wt%) with no relationship to depth of sample. Some samples show spherical globules of different composition with sharp menisci, suggesting immiscibility at the time of quenching. Isotropic globules of higher interfacial tension glass (64 wt% SiO(2)) are in sharp contact with lower-surface-tension, high-silica glass (95 wt% SiO(2)). Immiscible glass-pair composition relationships show that the immiscibility is not stable and probably represents incomplete mixing. Devitrification varies and some low-silica, high-iron glasses appear to have formed Fe-rich smectite; other glass compositions have formed rapid quench textures of corundum, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, magnetite, K-feldspar, plagioclase, chrome-spinel, and hercynite. Hydration (H(2)O by difference) varies from similar to 10 wt% to essentially anhydrous; high-SiO(2) glasses tend to contain less H(2)O. Petrographic relationships show decomposition of pyrite and melting of pyrrhotite through the transformation series; pyrite -> pyrrhotite -> troilite -> iron. Spheres (similar to 1 to similar to 50 mu m) of quenched immiscible sulfide melt in silicate glass show a range of compositions and include phases such as pentlandite, chalcopyrite, Ni-As, monosulfide solid solution, troilite, and rare Ni-Fe. Other sulfide spheres contain small blebs of pure iron and exhibit a continuum with increasing iron content to spheres that consist of pure iron with small, remnant blebs of Fe-sulfide. The Ni-rich sulfide phases can be explained by melting and/or concentrating target-derived Ni without requiring an asteroid impactor source component. The presence of locally unaltered glasses in these rocks suggests that in some rock volumes, isolation from postimpact hydrothermal systems was sufficient for glass preservation. Pressure and temperature indicators suggest that, on a thin-section scale, the suevites record rapid mixing and accumulation of particles that sustained widely different peak temperatures, from clasts that never exceeded 300 +/- 50 degrees C, to the bulk of the glasses where melted sulfide and unmelted monazite suggest temperatures of 1500 +/- 200 degrees C. The presence of coesite in some glass-bearing samples suggests that pressures exceeded similar to 3 GPa. C1 [Belkin, Harvey E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Horton, J. Wright, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Belkin, HE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hbelkin@usgs.gov OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 447 EP 468 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(20) PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600022 ER PT S AU Declercq, J Dypvik, H Aagaard, P Jahren, J Ferrell, RE Horton, JW AF Declercq, Julien Dypvik, Henning Aagaard, Per Jahren, Jens Ferrell, Ray E., Jr. Horton, J. Wright, Jr. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Experimental alteration of artificial and natural impact melt rock from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BASALTIC GLASS; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; BOLIDE IMPACT; CRATER; DISSOLUTION; SEAWATER; TEKTITES; ORIGIN; EJECTA; MARS AB The alteration or transformation of impact melt rock to clay minerals, particularly smectite, has been recognized in several impact structures (e. g., Ries, Chicxulub, Mjolnir). We studied the experimental alteration of two natural impact melt rocks from suevite clasts that were recovered from drill cores into the Chesapeake Bay impact structure and two synthetic glasses. These experiments were conducted at hydrothermal temperature (265 degrees C) in order to reproduce conditions found in melt-bearing deposits in the first thousand years after deposition. The experimental results were compared to geochemical modeling (PHREEQC) of the same alteration and to original mineral assemblages in the natural melt rock samples. In the alteration experiments, clay minerals formed on the surfaces of the melt particles and as fine-grained suspended material. Authigenic expanding clay minerals (saponite and Ca-smectite) and vermiculite/chlorite (clinochlore) were identified in addition to analcime. Ferripyrophyllite was formed in three of four experiments. Comparable minerals were predicted in the PHREEQC modeling. A comparison between the phases formed in our experiments and those in the cores suggests that the natural alteration occurred under hydrothermal conditions similar to those reproduced in the experiment. C1 [Declercq, Julien; Dypvik, Henning; Aagaard, Per; Jahren, Jens] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, NO-316 Oslo, Norway. [Ferrell, Ray E., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Horton, J. Wright, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Declercq, J (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, POB 1047, NO-316 Oslo, Norway. EM julien.declercq@geo.uio.no NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 559 EP 569 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(24) PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600026 ER PT S AU Gohn, GS Powars, DS Dypvik, H Edwards, LE AF Gohn, Gregory S. Powars, David S. Dypvik, Henning Edwards, Lucy E. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Rock-avalanche and ocean-resurge deposits in the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Evidence from the ICDP-USGS Eyreville cores, Virginia, USA SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEBRIS AVALANCHE; STOREGGA SLIDE; LOCKNE CRATER; LANDSLIDES; SWEDEN; FIELD; FLOW; SEA; CLASSIFICATION; CALIFORNIA AB An unusually thick section of sedimentary breccias dominated by target-sediment clasts is a distinctive feature of the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure. A cored 1766-m-deep section recovered from the central part of this marine-target structure by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) drilling project contains 678 m of these breccias and associated sediments and an intervening 275-m-thick granite slab. Two sedimentary breccia units consist almost entirely of Cretaceous nonmarine sediments derived from the lower part of the target sediment layer. These sediments are present as coherent clasts and as autoclastic matrix between the clasts. Primary (Cretaceous) sedimentary structures are well preserved in some clasts, and liquefaction and fluidization structures produced at the site of deposition occur in the clasts and matrix. These sedimentary breccias are interpreted as one or more rock avalanches from the upper part of the transient-cavity wall. The little-deformed, unshocked granite slab probably was transported as part of an extremely large slide or avalanche. Water-saturated Cretaceous quartz sand below the slab was transported into the seafloor crater prior to, or concurrently with, the granite slab. Two sedimentary breccia units consist of polymict diamictons that contain cobbles, boulders, and blocks of Cretaceous nonmarine target sediments and less common shocked-rock and melt ejecta in an unsorted, unstratified, muddy, fossiliferous, glauconitic quartz matrix. Much of the matrix material was derived from Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene marine target sediments. These units are interpreted as the deposits of debris flows initiated by the resurge of ocean water into the seafloor crater. Interlayering of avalanche and debris-flow units indicates a partial temporal overlap of the earlier avalanche and later resurge processes. A thin unit of stratified turbidite deposits and overlying laminated fine-grained deposits at the top of the section represents the transition to normal shelf sedimentation. C1 [Gohn, Gregory S.; Powars, David S.; Edwards, Lucy E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Dypvik, Henning] Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Gohn, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ggohn@usgs.gov; ggohn@usgs.gov NR 86 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 587 EP 615 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(26) PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600028 ER PT S AU Ormo, J Sturkell, E Horton, JW Powars, DS Edwards, LE AF Ormoe, Jens Sturkell, Erik Horton, J. Wright, Jr. Powars, David S. Edwards, Lucy E. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Comparison of clast frequency and size in the resurge deposits at the Chesapeake Bay impact structure (Eyreville A and Langley cores): Clues to the resurge process SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COASTAL-PLAIN; CRATER; MORPHOLOGY; LOCKNE; EVENT; STRATIGRAPHY; SWEDEN; TVAREN; SEA; RIM AB Collapse and inward slumping of unconsolidated sedimentary strata expanded the Chesapeake Bay impact structure far beyond its central basement crater. During crater collapse, sediment-loaded water surged back to fill the crater. Here, we analyze clast frequency and granulometry of these resurge deposits in one core hole from the outermost part of the collapsed zone (i.e., Langley) as well as a core hole from the moat of the basement crater (i.e., Eyreville A). Comparisons of clast provenance and flow dynamics show that at both locations, there is a clear change in clast frequency and size between a lower unit, which we interpret to be dominated by slumped material, and an upper, water-transported unit, i.e., resurge deposit. The contribution of material to the resurge deposit was primarily controlled by stripping and erosion. This includes entrainment of fallback ejecta and sediments eroded from the surrounding seafloor, found to be dominant at Langley, and slumped material that covered the annular trough and basement crater, found to be dominant at Eyreville. Eyreville shows a higher content of crystalline clasts than Langley. There is equivocal evidence for an anti-resurge from a collapsing central water plume or, alternatively, a second resurge pulse, as well as a transition into oscillating resurge. The resurge material shows more of a debris-flow-like transport compared to resurge deposits at some other marine target craters, where the ratio of sediment to water has been relatively low. This result is likely a consequence of the combination of easily disaggregated host sediments and a relatively shallow target water depth. C1 [Ormoe, Jens] Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Ctr Astrobiol, Torrejon De Ardoz, Spain. [Sturkell, Erik] Univ Iceland, Nord Volcanol Ctr, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Horton, J. Wright, Jr.; Powars, David S.; Edwards, Lucy E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ormo, J (reprint author), Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Ctr Astrobiol, Torrejon De Ardoz, Spain. EM ormo@inta.es; sturkell@hi.is NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 617 EP 632 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(27) PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600029 ER PT S AU Self-Trail, JM Edwards, LE Litwin, RJ AF Self-Trail, Jean M. Edwards, Lucy E. Litwin, Ronald J. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Paleontological interpretations of crater processes and infilling of synimpact sediments from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EAST-COAST; EVENT AB Biostratigraphic analysis of sedimentary breccias and diamictons in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure provides information regarding the timing and processes of late-stage gravitational crater collapse and ocean resurge. Studies of calcareous nannofossil and palynomorph assemblages in the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eyreville A and B cores show the mixed-age, mixed-preservation microfossil assemblages that are typical of deposits from the upper part of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. Sparse, poorly preserved, possibly thermally altered pollen is present within a gravelly sand interval below the granite slab at 1392 m in Eyreville core B, an interval that is otherwise barren of calcareous nannofossils and dinocysts. Gravitational collapse of water-saturated sediments from the transient crater wall resulted in the deposition of sediment clasts primarily derived from the nonmarine Cretaceous Potomac Formation. Collapse occurred before the arrival of resurge. Low pollen Thermal Alteration Index (TAI) values suggest that these sediments were not thermally altered by contact with the melt sheet. The arrival of resurge sedimentation is identified based on the presence of diamicton zones and stringers rich in glauconite and marine microfossils at 866.7 m. This horizon can be traced across the crater and can be used to identify gravitational collapse versus ocean-resurge sedimentation. Glauconitic quartz sand diamicton dominates the sediments above 618.2 m. Calcareous nannofossil and dinofl agellate data from this interval suggest that the earliest arriving resurge from the west contained little or no Cretaceous marine input, but later resurge pulses mined Cretaceous sediments east of the Watkins core in the annular trough. Additionally, the increased distance traveled by resurge to the central crater in turbulent flow conditions resulted in the disaggregation of Paleogene unconsolidated sediments. As a result, intact Paleogene clasts in Eyreville cores are rare, but clasts of semilithified Potomac Formation silts and clays are common. C1 [Self-Trail, Jean M.; Edwards, Lucy E.; Litwin, Ronald J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Self-Trail, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 633 EP 654 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(28) PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600030 ER PT S AU Reimold, WU Bartosova, K Schmitt, RT Hansen, B Crasselt, C Koeberl, C Wittmann, A Powars, DS AF Reimold, W. U. Bartosova, K. Schmitt, R. T. Hansen, B. Crasselt, C. Koeberl, C. Wittmann, A. Powars, D. S. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Petrographic observations on the Exmore breccia, ICDP-USGS drilling at Eyreville, Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USA SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TEKTITE STREWN FIELD; BOLIDE IMPACT; EAST-COAST; EVENT; HOLE AB The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eyreville A and B drill cores sampled crater fill in the region of the crater moat, similar to 9 km to the NE of the center of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA. They provide a 953 m section (444-1397 m depth) of sedimentary clast breccia and intercalated sedimentary and crystalline megablocks known as Exmore beds, deposited on top of the impactite sequence between 1397 and 1551 m depth. We petrographically investigated the sandy-clayey groundmass-dominated breccia, which resembles a diamictite ("Exmore breccia"), and which, in its lower parts, carries sedimentary and crystalline blocks. The entire breccia interval is characterized by the presence of glauconite and bioclastic carbonate, which distinguishes the Exmore breccia from other sandy facies above and below in the stratigraphy. The sediment-clast breccia exhibits strong heterogeneity from sample to sample with respect to groundmass nature, e. g., clay versus sand content, as well as clast content, in general, and shocked clast content, in particular. There is a consistently significantly larger macroscopic sedimentary to crystalline clast content. On the microscopic scale, the intersample sediment to crystalline clast ratios are quite variable. A very small component of shocked material, in the form of shock-deformed quartz, and to an even lesser degree feldspar, and somewhat more abundant but still relatively scarce shard-shaped, altered melt particles, is present throughout the section. However, between similar to 458 and 469 m, and between 514 and 527 m depths, the abundance of such melt particles is notably enhanced. These sections are also chemically distinct and relatively more mafic than the other parts of the Exmore breccia. It appears that from the time of deposition of the 527 m material, calming of the ocean occurred over the crater area as a result of abatement of resurge activity, so that ejecta from the plume above the crater could accumulate within the crater area to a larger degree. Deposition of ejecta fallout from the collapsing ejecta plume was terminated by the time of deposition of the 458 m material. This raises questions about the positioning of the exact upper contact of Exmore breccia to post-Exmore sediment (Chickahominy Formation), which is currently placed at 444 m depth and which possibly should be revised to 458 m depth. Based on a significant record of granite-derived material with shocked minerals, the shocked debris component seems to be largely derived from crystalline target rocks. This provides further evidence that the basement-derived material of the basal section of the Eyreville drill cores, which is essentially unshocked, is likely of an allochthonous nature and that the drilling did not intersect the actual crater floor. C1 [Reimold, W. U.; Schmitt, R. T.; Hansen, B.; Crasselt, C.; Wittmann, A.] Humboldt Univ, Leibniz Inst, Museum Nat kunde, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Bartosova, K.; Koeberl, C.] Univ Vienna, Dept Lithospher Res, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Wittmann, A.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Powars, D. S.] US Geol Survey, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Reimold, WU (reprint author), Humboldt Univ, Leibniz Inst, Museum Nat kunde, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. EM uwe.reimold@museum.hu-berlin.de; uwe.reimold@museum.hu-berlin.de NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 655 EP 698 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(29) PG 44 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600031 ER PT S AU Poag, CW AF Poag, C. Wylie BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Paleoenvironmental recovery from the Chesapeake Bay bolide impact: The benthic foraminiferal record SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ORGANIC-CARBON FLUX; CHICXULUB CRATER; SEA; BOUNDARY; EOCENE; TRANSITION; EVENT; BASIN; RECOLONIZATION; EXTINCTIONS AB The late Eocene Chesapeake Bay bolide impact transformed its offshore target site from an outer neritic, midshelf seafloor into a bathyal crater basin. To obtain a depositional record from one of the deepest parts of this basin, the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) drilled a 1.76-km-deep core hole near Eyreville, Virginia. The Eyreville core and eight previously cored boreholes contain a rarely obtainable record of marine deposition and microfossil assemblages that characterize the transition from synimpact to postimpact paleoenvironments inside and near a submarine impact crater. I used depositional style and benthic foraminiferal assemblages to recognize a four-step transitional succession, with emphasis on the Eyreville core. Step 1 is represented by small-scale, silt-rich turbidites, devoid of indigenous microfossils, which lie directly above the crater-filling Exmore breccia. Step 2 is represented by very thin, parallel, silt and clay laminae, which accumulated on a relatively tranquil and stagnant seafloor. This stagnation created a dead zone, which excluded seafloor biota, and it lasted similar to 3-5 ka. Step 3 is an interval of marine clay deposition, accompanied by a burst of microfaunal activity, as a species-rich pioneer community of benthic foraminifera repopulated the impact site. The presence of a diagnostic suite of agglutinated foraminifera during step 3 indicates that paleoenvironmental stress related to the impact lasted from similar to 9 ka to 400 ka at different locations inside the crater. During step 4, the agglutinated assemblage disappeared, and an equilibrium foraminiferal community developed that contained nearly 100% calcareous species. In contrast to intracrater localities, core sites outside and near the crater rim show neither evidence of the agglutinated assemblage, nor other indications of long-term biotic disruption from the bolide impact. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Poag, CW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 747 EP 773 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(32) PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600034 ER PT S AU Browning, JV Miller, KG McLaughlin, PP Edwards, LE Kulpecz, AA Powars, DS Wade, BS Feigenson, MD Wright, JD AF Browning, James V. Miller, Kenneth G. McLaughlin, Peter P., Jr. Edwards, Lucy E. Kulpecz, Andrew A. Powars, David S. Wade, Bridget S. Feigenson, Mark D. Wright, James D. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Integrated sequence stratigraphy of the postimpact sediments from the Eyreville core holes, Chesapeake Bay impact structure inner basin SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; GLOBAL SEA-LEVEL; NEW-JERSEY; ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY; LATE MIOCENE; STRONTIUM-ISOTOPE; STABLE ISOTOPE; MIDDLE MIOCENE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; UNITED-STATES AB The Eyreville core holes provide the first continuously cored record of postimpact sequences from within the deepest part of the central Chesapeake Bay impact crater. We analyzed the upper Eocene to Pliocene postimpact sediments from the Eyreville A and C core holes for lithology (semiquantitative measurements of grain size and composition), sequence stratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy. Age is based primarily on Sr isotope stratigraphy supplemented by biostratigraphy (dinocysts, nannofossils, and planktonic foraminifers); age resolution is approximately +/- 0.5 Ma for early Miocene sequences and approximately +/- 1.0 Ma for younger and older sequences. Eocene-lower Miocene sequences are subtle, upper middle to lower upper Miocene sequences are more clearly distinguished, and upper Miocene- Pliocene sequences display a distinct facies pattern within sequences. We recognize two upper Eocene, two Oligocene, nine Miocene, three Pliocene, and one Pleistocene sequence and correlate them with those in New Jersey and Delaware. The upper Eocene through Pleistocene strata at Eyreville record changes from: (1) rapidly deposited, extremely fine-grained Eocene strata that probably represent two sequences deposited in a deep (>200 m) basin; to (2) highly dissected Oligocene (two very thin sequences) to lower Miocene (three thin sequences) with a long hiatus; to (3) a thick, rapidly deposited (43-73 m/Ma), very fine-grained, biosiliceous middle Miocene (16.5-14 Ma) section divided into three sequences (V5-V3) deposited in middle neritic paleoenvironments; to (4) a 4.5-Ma-long hiatus (12.8-8.3 Ma); to (5) sandy, shelly upper Miocene to Pliocene strata (8.3-2.0 Ma) divided into six sequences deposited in shelf and shoreface environments; and, last, to (6) a sandy middle Pleistocene paralic sequence (similar to 400 ka). The Eyreville cores thus record the filling of a deep impact-generated basin where the timing of sequence boundaries is heavily influenced by eustasy. C1 [Browning, James V.; Miller, Kenneth G.; Kulpecz, Andrew A.; Feigenson, Mark D.; Wright, James D.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [McLaughlin, Peter P., Jr.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Edwards, Lucy E.; Powars, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wade, Bridget S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Browning, JV (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Wade, Bridget/F-4987-2014 NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 775 EP 810 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(33) PG 36 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600035 ER PT S AU Kulpecz, AA Miller, KG Browning, JV Edwards, LE Powars, DS McLaughlin, PP Harris, AD Feigenson, MD AF Kulpecz, Andrew A. Miller, Kenneth G. Browning, James V. Edwards, Lucy E. Powars, David S. McLaughlin, Peter P. Harris, Ashley D. Feigenson, Mark D. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Postimpact deposition in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Variations in eustasy, compaction, sediment supply, and passive-aggressive tectonism SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID JERSEY COASTAL-PLAIN; GLOBAL SEA-LEVEL; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; LONG-TERM; MIOCENE SEQUENCES; RECORD; ATLANTIC; BASIN; MARGIN; STRATIGRAPHY AB The Eyreville and Exmore, Virginia, core holes were drilled in the inner basin and annular trough, respectively, of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, and they allow us to evaluate sequence deposition in an impact crater. We provide new high-resolution geochronologic (<1 Ma) and sequence-stratigraphic interpretations of the Exmore core, identify 12 definite (and four possible) postimpact depositional sequences, and present comparisons with similar results from Eyreville and other mid-Atlantic core holes. The concurrence of increases in delta(18)O with Chesapeake Bay impact structure sequence boundaries indicates a primary glacioeustatic control on deposition. However, regional comparisons show the differential preservation of sequences across the mid-Atlantic margin. We explain this distribution by the compaction of impactites, regional sediment-supply changes, and the differential movement of basement structures. Upper Eocene strata are thin or missing updip and around the crater, but they thicken into the inner basin (and offshore to the southeast) to rapid crater infilling and concurrent impactite compaction. Oligocene sequences are generally thin and highly dissected throughout the mid-Atlantic region due to sediment starvation and tectonism, except in southeastern New Jersey. Regional tectonic uplift of the Norfolk Arch coupled with a southward decrease in sediment supply resulted in: (1) largely absent Lower Miocene sections around the Chesapeake Bay impact structure compared to thick sections in New Jersey and Delaware; (2) thick Middle Miocene sequences across the Delmarva Peninsula that thin south of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure; and (3) upper Middle Miocene sections that pinch out just north of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. Conversely, the Upper Miocene-Pliocene section is thick across Virginia, but it is poorly represented in New Jersey because of regional variations in relative subsidence.due C1 [Kulpecz, Andrew A.; Miller, Kenneth G.; Browning, James V.; Harris, Ashley D.; Feigenson, Mark D.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Edwards, Lucy E.; Powars, David S.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [McLaughlin, Peter P.] Delaware Geol Survey, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Kulpecz, AA (reprint author), Chevron Energy Technol Co, 1500 Louisiana St, Houston, TX 77002 USA. NR 95 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 811 EP 837 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(34) PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600036 ER PT S AU Schulte, P Wade, BS Kontny, A Self-Trail, JM AF Schulte, Peter Wade, Bridget S. Kontny, Agnes Self-Trail, Jean M. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI The Eocene-Oligocene sedimentary record in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Implications for climate and sea-level changes on the western Atlantic margin SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLAY MINERAL DISTRIBUTION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; COASTAL-PLAIN; EOCENE/OLIGOCENE BOUNDARY; FORAMINIFERAL TURNOVER; GLOBAL CLIMATE; TRANSITION; ROCKS; MASSIGNANO; PALEOGENE AB A multidisciplinary investigation of the Eocene-Oligocene transition in the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eyreville core from the Chesapeake Bay impact basin was conducted in order to document environmental changes and sequence stratigraphic setting. Planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy indicate that the Eyreville core includes an expanded upper Eocene (Biozones E15 to E16 and NP19/20 to NP21, respectively) and a condensed Oligocene-Miocene (NP24-NN1) sedimentary sequence. The Eocene-Oligocene contact corresponds to a >= 3-Ma-long hiatus. Eocene-Oligocene sedimentation is dominated by great diversity and varying amounts of detrital and authigenic minerals. Four sedimentary intervals are identified by lithology and mineral content: (1) A 30-m-thick, smectite-and illite-rich interval directly overlies the Exmore Formation, suggesting long-term reworking of impact debris within the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. (2) Subsequently, an increase in kaolinite content suggests erosion from soils developed during late Eocene warm and humid climate in agreement with data derived from other Atlantic sites. However, the kaolinite increase may also be explained by change to a predominant sediment input from outside the Chesapeake Bay impact structure caused by progradation of more proximal facies belts during the highstand systems tract of the late Eocene sequence E10. Spectral analysis based on gamma-ray and magnetic susceptibility logs suggests influence of 1.2 Ma low-amplitude oscillation of the obliquity period during the late Eocene. (3) During the latest Eocene (Biozones NP21 and E16), several lithological contacts (clay to clayey silt) occur concomitant with a prominent change in the mineralogical composition with illite as a major component: This lithological change starts close to the Biozone NP19/20-NP21 boundary and may correspond to sequence boundary E10-E11 as observed in other northwest Atlantic margin sections. It could result from a shift to more distal depositional environments and condensed sedimentation during maximum flooding, rather than reflecting a climatic change in the hinterland. The distinct 1% increase of the oxygen isotopes may correspond to the short-term latest Eocene "precursor isotope event." (4) The abrupt increase of sediment grain-size, carbonate content, and abundance of authigenic minerals (glauconite) across the major unconformity that separates Eocene from Oligocene sediments in the Eyreville core reflects deposition in shallower settings associated with erosion, winnowing, and reworking. Sediments within the central crater were affected by the rapid eustatic sea-level changes associated with the greenhouse-icehouse transition, as well as by an abrupt major uplift event and possibly enhanced current activity on the northwestern Atlantic margin. C1 [Schulte, Peter] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Wade, Bridget S.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08901 USA. [Wade, Bridget S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kontny, Agnes] Univ Karlsruhe Strukturgeol & Tektonophys, Inst Geol, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Self-Trail, Jean M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Schulte, P (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. EM schulte@geol.uni-erlangen.de RI Wade, Bridget/F-4987-2014 NR 87 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 839 EP 865 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(35) PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600037 ER PT S AU Sanford, WE Voytek, MA Powars, DS Jones, BF Cozzarelli, IM Cockell, CS Eganhouse, RP AF Sanford, Ward E. Voytek, Mary A. Powars, David S. Jones, Blair F. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Cockell, Charles S. Eganhouse, Robert P. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Pore-water chemistry from the ICDP-USGS core hole in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure-Implications for paleohydrology, microbial habitat, and water resources SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUBSEAFLOOR SEDIMENTS; DEEP SUBSURFACE; BOLIDE IMPACT; GENERATION; TRANSPORT; OXIDATION; SEAWATER; ORIGIN; FLUIDS; BASIN AB We investigated the groundwater system of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure by analyzing the pore-water chemistry in cores taken from a 1766-m-deep drill hole 10 km north of Cape Charles, Virginia. Pore water was extracted using high-speed centrifuges from over 100 cores sampled from a 1300 m section of the drill hole. The pore-water samples were analyzed for major cations and anions, stable isotopes of water and sulfate, dissolved and total carbon, and bioavailable iron. The results reveal a broad transition between freshwater and saline water from 100 to 500 m depth in the postimpact sediment section, and an underlying synimpact section that is almost entirely filled with brine. The presence of brine in the lowermost postimpact section and the trend in dissolved chloride with depth suggest a transport process dominated by molecular diffusion and slow, compaction-driven, upward flow. Major ion results indicate residual effects of diagenesis from heating, and a pre-impact origin for the brine. High levels of dissolved organic carbon (6-95 mg/L) and the distribution of electron acceptors indicate an environment that may be favorable for microbial activity throughout the drilled section. The concentration and extent of the brine is much greater than had previously been observed, suggesting that its occurrence may be common in the inner crater. However, groundwater-flow conditions in the structure may reduce the saltwater-intrusion hazard associated with the brine. C1 [Sanford, Ward E.; Voytek, Mary A.; Powars, David S.; Jones, Blair F.; Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.; Eganhouse, Robert P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Cockell, Charles S.] Open Univ, Ctr Earth Planetary Space & Astron Res, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Sanford, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 431,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 867 EP 890 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(36) PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600038 ER PT S AU Rostad, CE Sanford, WE AF Rostad, Colleen E. Sanford, Ward E. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Polar organic compounds in pore waters of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Eyreville core hole: Character of the dissolved organic carbon and comparison with drilling fluids SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FULVIC-ACID; IONIZATION; MATTER; RESOLUTION; FRAGMENTATION; DOM AB Pore waters from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure cores recovered at Eyreville Farm, Northampton County, Virginia, were analyzed to characterize the dissolved organic carbon. After squeezing or centrifuging, a small volume of pore water, 100 mu L, was taken for analysis by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Pore-water samples were analyzed directly without filtration or fractionation, in positive and negative mode, for polar organic compounds. Spectra in both modes were dominated by low-molecular-weight ions. Negative mode had clusters of ions differing by similar to 60 daltons, possibly due to increasing concentrations of inorganic salts. The number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight values for the pore waters from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure are higher than those reported for other aquatic sources of natural dissolved organic carbon as determined by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. In order to address the question of whether drilling mud fluids may have contaminated the pore waters during sample collection, spectra from the pore waters were compared to spectra from drilling mud fluids. Ions indicative of drilling mud fluids were not found in spectra from the pore waters, indicating there was no detectable contamination, and highlighting the usefulness of this analytical technique for detecting potential contamination during sample collection. C1 [Rostad, Colleen E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Sanford, Ward E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Rostad, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Bldg 95,MS 408, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cerostad@usgs.gov; wsanford@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 891 EP 903 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(37) PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600039 ER PT S AU Malinconico, ML Sanford, WE Horton, JW AF Malinconico, MaryAnn Love Sanford, Ward E. Horton, J. Wright, Jr. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Postimpact heat conduction and compaction-driven fluid flow in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure based on downhole vitrinite reflectance data, ICDP-USGS Eyreville deep core holes and Cape Charles test holes SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDUCED HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; ORGANIC-MATTER; BOLIDE IMPACT; CRATER; MODEL; SYSTEMS; BASINS; TEMPERATURE; MATURATION AB Vitrinite reflectance data from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eyreville deep cores in the central-crater moat of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure and the Cape Charles test holes on the central uplift show patterns of postimpact maximum-temperature distribution that result from a combination of conductive and advective heat flow. Within the crater-fill sediment-clast breccia sequence at Eyreville, an isoreflectance (similar to 0.44% R(o)) section (525-1096 m depth) is higher than modeled background coastal-plain maturity and shows a pattern typical of advective fluid flow. Below an intervening granite slab, a short interval of sediment-clast breccia (1371-1397 m) shows a sharp increase in reflectance (0.47%-0.91% R(o)) caused by conductive heat from the underlying suevite (1397-1474 m). Reflectance data in the uppermost suevite range from 1.2% to 2.1% R(o). However, heat conduction alone is not sufficient to affect the temperature of sediments more than 100 m above the suevite. Thermal modeling of the Eyreville suevite as a 390 degrees C cooling sill-like hot rock layer supplemented by compaction-driven vertical fluid flow (0.046 m/a) of cooling suevitic fluids and deeper basement brines (120 degrees C) upward through the sediment breccias closely reproduces the measured reflectance data. This scenario would also replace any marine water trapped in the crater fill with more saline brine, similar to that currently in the crater, and it would produce temperatures sufficient to kill microbes in sediment breccias within 450 m above the suevite. A similar downhole maturity pattern is present in the sediment-clast breccia over the central uplift. High-reflectance (5%-9%) black shale and siltstone clasts in the suevite and sediment-clast breccia record a pre-impact (Paleozoic?) metamorphic event. Previously published maturity data in the annular trough indicate no thermal effect there from impact-related processes. C1 [Malinconico, MaryAnn Love; Horton, J. Wright, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sanford, Ward E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Malinconico, ML (reprint author), Lafayette Coll, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, Easton, PA 18042 USA. EM lovem@lafayette.edu NR 111 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 905 EP 930 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(38) PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600040 ER PT S AU Cockell, CS Gronstal, AL Voytek, MA Kirshtein, JD Finster, K Sanford, WE Glamoclija, M Gohn, GS Powars, DS Horton, JW AF Cockell, Charles S. Gronstal, Aaron L. Voytek, Mary A. Kirshtein, Julie D. Finster, Kai Sanford, Ward E. Glamoclija, Mihaela Gohn, Gregory S. Powars, David S. Horton, J. Wright BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Microbial abundance in the deep subsurface of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater: Relationship to lithology and impact processes SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUBSEAFLOOR SEDIMENTS; HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; METEOR CRATER; BOLIDE IMPACT; EVENT; ORIGIN; SEA; USA; GENERATION; SANDSTONE AB Asteroid and comet impact events are known to cause profound disruption to surface ecosystems. The aseptic collection of samples throughout a 1.76-km-deep set of cores recovered from the deep subsurface of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure has allowed the study of the subsurface biosphere in a region disrupted by an impactor. Microbiological enumerations suggest the presence of three major microbiological zones. The upper zone (127-867 m) is characterized by a logarithmic decline in microbial abundance from the surface through the postimpact section of Miocene to Upper Eocene marine sediments and across the transition into the upper layers of the impact tsunami resurge sediments and sediment megablocks. In the middle zone (867-1397 m) microbial abundances are below detection. This zone is predominantly quartz sand, primarily composed of boulders and blocks, and it may have been mostly sterilized by the thermal pulse delivered during impact. No samples were collected from the large granite block (1096-1371 m). The lowest zone (below 1397 m) of increasing microbial abundance coincides with a region of heavily impact-fractured, hydraulically conductive suevite and fractured schist. These zones correspond to lithologies influenced by impact processes. Our results yield insights into the influence of impacts on the deep subsurface biosphere. C1 [Cockell, Charles S.; Gronstal, Aaron L.] Open Univ, Ctr Earth Planetary Sci & Astron Res, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Voytek, Mary A.; Kirshtein, Julie D.; Sanford, Ward E.; Gohn, Gregory S.; Powars, David S.; Horton, J. Wright] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Finster, Kai] Aarhus Univ, Inst Biol Sci, Microbiol Sect, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Glamoclija, Mihaela] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Cockell, CS (reprint author), Open Univ, Ctr Earth Planetary Sci & Astron Res, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 941 EP 950 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(40) PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600042 ER PT S AU Gronstal, AL Voytek, MA Kirshtein, JD von der Heyde, NM Lowit, MD Cockell, CS AF Gronstal, Aaron L. Voytek, Mary A. Kirshtein, Julie D. von der Heyde, Nicole M. Lowit, Michael D. Cockell, Charles S. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Contamination assessment in microbiological sampling of the Eyreville core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TERRESTRIAL SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; DEEP-SUBSURFACE; FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BACTERIA; TRACER; DIVERSITY; AQUIFER; SOIL AB Knowledge of the deep subsurface biosphere is limited due to difficulties in recovering materials. Deep drilling projects provide access to the subsurface; however, contamination introduced during drilling poses a major obstacle in obtaining clean samples. To monitor contamination during the 2005 International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) deep drilling of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, four methods were utilized. Fluorescent microspheres were used to mimic the ability of contaminant cells to enter samples through fractures in the core material during retrieval. Drilling mud was infused with a chemical tracer (Halon 1211) in order to monitor penetration of mud into cores. Pore water from samples was examined using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize dissolved organic carbon (DOC) present at various depths. DOC signatures at depth were compared to signatures from drilling mud in order to identify potential contamination. Finally, microbial contaminants present in drilling mud were identified through 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) clone libraries and compared to species cultured from core samples. Together, these methods allowed us to categorize the recovered core samples according to the likelihood of contamination. Twenty-two of the 47 subcores that were retrieved were free of contamination by all the methods used and were subsequently used for microbiological culture and culture-independent analysis. Our approach provides a comprehensive assessment of both particulate and dissolved contaminants that could be applied to any environment with low biomass. C1 [Gronstal, Aaron L.; Cockell, Charles S.] Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Voytek, Mary A.; Kirshtein, Julie D.; Lowit, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [von der Heyde, Nicole M.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Gronstal, AL (reprint author), Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 951 EP 964 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(41) PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600043 ER PT S AU Glamoclija, M Steele, A Fries, M Schieber, J Voytek, MA Cockell, CS AF Glamoclija, Mihaela Steele, Andrew Fries, Marc Schieber, Juergen Voytek, Mary A. Cockell, Charles S. BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI Association of anatase (TiO2) and microbes: Unusual fossilization effect or a potential biosignature? SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOUNT BRUCE SUPERGROUP; BAY BOLIDE IMPACT; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; ANCIENT DNA; MOLECULAR FOSSILS; NILE RED; PHOTOCATALYTIC DISINFECTION; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WASTE-WATER AB We combined microbial paleontology and molecular biology methods to study the Eyreville B drill core from the 35.3-Ma-old Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA. The investigated sample is a pyrite vein collected from the 1353.81-1353.89 m depth interval, located within a section of biotite granite. The granite is a pre-impact rock that was disrupted by the impact event. A search for inorganic (mineral) biosignatures revealed the presence of micron-size rod morphologies of anatase (TiO2) embedded in chlorite coatings on pyrite grains. Neither the Acridine Orange microbial probe nor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifi cation showed the presence of DNA or ribonucleic acid (RNA) at the location of anatase rods, implying the absence of viable cells in the investigated area. A Nile Red microbial probe revealed the presence of lipids in the rods. Because most of the lipids are resistant over geologic time spans, they are good biomarkers, and they are an indicator of biogenicity for these possibly 35-Ma-old microbial fossils. The mineral assemblage suggests that rod morphologies are associated with low-temperature (< 100 degrees C) hydrothermal alteration that involved aqueous fluids. The temporal constraints on the anatase fossils are still uncertain because pre-impact alteration of the granite and postimpact heating may have provided identical conditions for anatase precipitation and microbial preservation. C1 [Glamoclija, Mihaela; Steele, Andrew] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Fries, Marc] Jet Prop Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, Planetary Habitabil Sci Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Schieber, Juergen] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Voytek, Mary A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Cockell, Charles S.] Open Univ, Ctr Earth Planetary Space & Astron Res, Geomicrobiol Res Grp, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Glamoclija, M (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM mglamoclija@ciw.edu RI Schieber, Juergen Schieber/A-3001-2013 NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 BP 965 EP 975 DI 10.1130/2009.2458(42) PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600044 ER PT S AU Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU AF Gohn, Gregory S. Koeberl, Christian Miller, Kenneth G. Reimold, Wolf Uwe BE Gohn, GS Koeberl, C Miller, KG Reimold, WU TI The ICDP-USGS Deep Drilling Project in the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure: Results from the Eyreville Core Holes Preface and Acknowledgments SO ICDP-USGS DEEP DRILLING PROJECT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE: RESULTS FROM THE EYREVILLE CORE HOLES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Gohn, Gregory S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Koeberl, Christian] Univ Vienna, Dept Lithospher Res, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Miller, Kenneth G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Reimold, Wolf Uwe] Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat Kunde, Leibniz Inst, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Gohn, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2458-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 458 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB28 UT WOS:000286334600002 ER PT S AU Celebi, M AF Celebi, Mehmet BE Mucciarelli, M Herak, M Cassidy, J TI Comparison of Recorded Dynamic Characteristics of Structures and Ground During Strong and Weak Shaking SO Increasing Seismic Safety by Combining Engineering Technologies and Seismological Data SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Increasing Seismic Safety by Combining Engineering Technologies and Seismological Data CY SEP 19-21, 2007 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA SP NATO DE Strong-motion; Weak-motion; Dynamic characteristics; Frequency; Period; Damping; Structure; Site; Acceleration ID FREQUENCIES AB Variation of dynamic characteristics of undamaged Structures, and free-field sites identified from strong, motions as compared to those identified from weak motions has been the subject matter of numerous studies. Recently, this topic is rekindled with the premise but repeat of the well known conclusion that fundamental period (frequency) varies with amplitude of strong and weak shaking. Some researchers appropriately called this variation of dynamic characteristics as "wandering" of the natural frequencies of a structure. Although due to various sources of excitation and time-varying environmental conditions, variation of the fundamental period (frequency) of even ail undamaged Structure Should not he a surprise to many, it is important to understand Why such variation is important for practical purposes. It is important that, if such variation is significant, then, in practice, the dynamic characteristics identified from weak motions should he carefully considered before generalizing, these characteristics as representative of strong shaking, as well. In this paper, we investigate the fundamental frequencies of all undamaged case study building for which there are numerous Studies of Several sets of vibration data, including forced vibration testing, strong shaking due to a distant large earthquake, and low-amplitude shaking due to ambient excitations as well as several small nearby earthquakes. It is shown that the fundamental frequency "wanders" in a consistent way with the level of shaking, and that the significant difference between low-amplitude and strong shaking is attributed to soil-structure interaction during stronger shaking. Furthermore, variation of dynamic characteristics for strong and weak motions are summarized for four additional buildings. The variations are too significant to ignore; thus leading to the conclusion that dynamic characteristics of buildings identified from weak motions cannot be generally used in lieu of those identified from strong shaking. In addition, also for the free-field site associated with this building, using several approaches including strong and weak motions, site frequency is clearly identified for strong and weak motions. However, the variation of site frequency is insignificant. C1 US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM celebi@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-9193-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2009 BP 99 EP 115 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9196-4_8 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BIS06 UT WOS:000262402100007 ER PT S AU Agnihotri, R Naqvi, SWA Kurian, S Altabet, MA Bratton, JF AF Agnihotri, Rajesh Naqvi, S. Wajih A. Kurian, Siby Altabet, Mark A. Bratton, J. F. BE Wiggert, JD Hood, RR Naqvi, SWA Brink, KH Smith, SL TI Is delta N-15 of Sedimentary Organic Matter a Good Proxy for Paleodenitrification in Coastal Waters of the Eastern Arabian Sea? SO INDIAN OCEAN BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND ECOLOGICAL VARIABILITY SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ASIAN SOUTHWEST MONSOON; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; SUBSURFACE DENITRIFICATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; SURFACE PRODUCTIVITY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NITROGEN CYCLES; ATMOSPHERIC N2O; ATLANTIC-OCEAN AB We compared recently published sedimentary records of delta N-15 from several coastal areas affected by both natural and anthropogenically produced shallow hypoxia with the objective of testing this as a proxy for denitrification in coastal settings. We examined the eastern boundary systems of continental shelves off western India and Peru, which appear to be experiencing intensification of bottom-water oxygen depletion, most likely as a consequence of intensification of eastern boundary coastal upwelling over the last few decades. In systems that are significantly affected by an enhanced inventory of nutrients from organic matter in soils due to continental erosion following colonial land clearing (e.g., Chesapeake Bay), fertilizer and wastewater runoff (e.g., western Indian shelf and Long Island Sound), the productivity increase is largely local and induced by anthropogenic activity. The western Indian shelf thus experiences a double effect, being both an upwelling zone and prone to nutrient enrichment from land. While in other regions of both natural and anthropogenic bottom-water hypoxia, sedimentary delta N-15 has undergone significant increases over the Anthropocene; in the eastern Arabian Sea, an opposite trend is noticed despite historical water-column measurements revealing a contemporaneous intensification of denitrification. Plausible causes are discussed here in detail, which led us to conclude that the sedimentary delta N-15 may not always work as a reliable proxy of denitrification in coastal regions. C1 [Agnihotri, Rajesh; Naqvi, S. Wajih A.; Kurian, Siby] Natl Inst Oceanog, Council Sci & Ind Res, Panaji 403004, Goa, India. [Altabet, Mark A.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [Bratton, J. F.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Agnihotri, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Oceanog, Council Sci & Ind Res, Panaji 403004, Goa, India. EM ragnihotri@nio.org NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-475-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2009 VL 185 BP 321 EP 332 DI 10.1029/2008GM000770 D2 10.1029/GM185 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BUI23 UT WOS:000289442900019 ER PT S AU Wille, S Petersen, R AF Wille, Stephen Petersen, Richard BE Jones, J Faaborg, J TI Temperature and water level dynamics of vernal pools in the Agate Desert, Oregon, USA SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 30, PT 6, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 12-18, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE Agate Desert; dissolved oxygen; fairy shrimp; temperature; vernal pools; water level ID BRANCHIOPODA C1 [Wille, Stephen] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon Fish & Wildlife Off, Portland, OR 97266 USA. RP Wille, S (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon Fish & Wildlife Off, 2600 SE 98th Ave, Portland, OR 97266 USA. EM Steve_Wille@fws.gov.vcf; petersenr@pdx.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 978-3-510-54077-8 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2009 VL 30 BP 900 EP 902 PG 3 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BJF77 UT WOS:000265471200020 ER PT S AU Jones, SB Ingersoll, CG Parris, JT Hardesty, DK AF Jones, S. B. Ingersoll, C. G. Parris, J. T. Hardesty, D. K. BE Jones, J TI Effects of carbaryl, copper, and other organic chemicals on cholinesterase activity in brains of surrogate and listed species of fish SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 30, PT 8, PROCEEDINGS: NOW: INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF LIMNOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 12-18, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE brains; carbaryl; cholinesterase; endangered fish; physiological response ID CONTAMINANT SENSITIVITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PLASMA AB Physiological responses to chemical exposure often vary among species. These differences may be important when assessing effects in common experimental laboratory species (surrogates: rainbow trout; fathead minnow) as well as listed or endangered species. In this study, we measured brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity in 2 species of commonly tested laboratory fish and in 5 endangered fish species following 96-h exposures to 5 chemicals with differing modes of action: (1) carbaryl, a known ChE inhibitor; (2) permethrin, a neurotoxin: 4-nonyl phenol, a possible narcosis inducer; (4) pentachlorophenol, an oxidative stressor; and (5) copper, an osmoregulatory alterer (SAPPINGTON et al. 2001, DWYER et al. 2005). Our purpose was to determine: (1) if control levels of ChE activity differ among the species tested; (2) level of carbaryl inhibition of ChE activity in these species; and (3) if exposure to chemical stressors With differing modes action alters ChE activity in these species. C1 [Jones, S. B.; Ingersoll, C. G.; Hardesty, D. K.] USGS CERC, Columbia, MO 65301 USA. RP Jones, SB (reprint author), USGS CERC, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65301 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 978-3-510-54079-2 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2009 VL 30 BP 1255 EP 1258 PN 8 PG 4 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BND92 UT WOS:000274244900022 ER PT B AU Wolf, EB Howe, K AF Wolf, Eric B. Howe, Kevin BE Dragicevic, S Roman, D Tanasescu, V TI Web-client Based Distributed Generalization and Geoprocessing SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND WEB SERVICES: GEOWS 2009, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services CY FEB 01-07, 2008-2009 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP IEEE DE distributed geoprocessing; generalization; cyberinfrastructure; AJAX AB Generalization and geoprocessing operations on geospatial information were once the domain of complex software running on high-performance workstations. Currently, these computationally intensive processes are the domain of desktop applications. Recent efforts have been made to move geoprocessing operations server-side in a distributed, web accessible environment. This paper initiates research into portable client-side generalization and geoprocessing operations as part of a larger effort in user-centered design for the US Geological Survey's The National Map. An implementation of the Ramer-Douglas-Peucker (RDP) tine simplification algorithm was created in the open source OpenLayers geoweb client. This algorithm implementation was benchmarked using differing data structures and browser platforms. The implementation and results of the benchmarks are discussed in the general context of client-side geoprocessing. (Abstract) C1 [Wolf, Eric B.; Howe, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence GISci, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wolf, EB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence GISci, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ebwolf@usgs.gov; khowe@usgs.gov FU USGS Center of Excellence in GIS FX This work forms a portion of the project User-Centered Design for The National Map, funded by the USGS Center of Excellence in GIS. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-3363-6 PY 2009 BP 123 EP + DI 10.1109/GEOWS.2009.32 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physical Geography GA BJQ01 UT WOS:000266978300021 ER PT J AU Jayko, AS AF Jayko, A. S. TI The Mono Arch, eastern Sierra region, California: dynamic topography associated with upper-mantle upwelling? SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Mono Arch; dynamic topography; Walker Lane; mantle upwelling ID WESTERN GREAT-BASIN; CENOZOIC VOLCANIC-ROCKS; UNITED-STATES; NEVADA BLOCK; CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS; RANGE PROVINCE; NORTH-AMERICAN; MOJAVE-DESERT; WALKER LANE; UPLIFT AB A broad, topographic flexure localized east of and over the central and southern Sierra Nevada, herein named the Mono Arch, apparently represents crustal response to lithospheric and/or upper-mantle processes, probably dominated by mantle upwelling within the continental interior associated Pacific-North American plate-boundary deformation. This zone of flexure is identified through comparison between the topographic characteristics of the active Cascade volcanic arc and backarc regions with the analogous former arc and backarc in the Sierra Nevada and eastern Sierra Nevada. Serial topographic profiles measured normal to the modern Cascade backarc reveal an accordance of topographic lows defined by valley floors with an average minimum elevation of similar to 1400-1500 m for over 175 km to the southeast. Although the accordance drops in elevation slightly to the south, the modern Cascade backarc region is remarkably level, and is characterized by relief up to similar to 750 m above this baseline elevation. By contrast, serial topographic profiles over the former arc and backarc transitions of the eastern Sierra region exhibit a regional anticlinal warping defined by accordant valley floors and by a late Miocene-early Pliocene erosion surface and associated deposits. The amplitude of this flexure above regionally flat baseline elevations to the east varies spatially along the length of the former Sierran arc, with a maximum of similar to 1000 m centred over the Bridgeport Basin. The total zone of flexure is approximately 350 km long N-S and 100 km wide E-W, and extends from Indian Wells Valley in the south to the Sonora Pass region in the north. Previous geophysical, petrologic, and geodetic studies suggest that the Mono Arch overlies a zone of active mantle upwelling. This region also represents a zone crustal weakness formerly exploited by the middle-to-late Miocene arc and is presently the locus of seismic and volcanic activities. This seismic zone, which lies east of the Sierra Nevada block, includes the northern and central Walker Lane in Nevada and the eastern California shear zone to the south in California. Vertical patterns of surface deformation over this region are characterized by west tilting of the Sierra Nevada block and by block faulting of a late Miocene erosion surface east of the Sierra Nevada. C1 US Geol Survey, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. RP Jayko, AS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. EM ajayko@usgs.gov NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PY 2009 VL 51 IS 7-8 BP 702 EP 722 DI 10.1080/00206810902880271 PG 21 WC Geology SC Geology GA 486MA UT WOS:000269199600005 ER PT J AU Cassel, EJ Calvert, AT Graham, SA AF Cassel, Elizabeth J. Calvert, Andrew T. Graham, Stephan A. TI Age, geochemical composition, and distribution of Oligocene ignimbrites in the northern Sierra Nevada, California: implications for landscape morphology, elevation, and drainage divide geography of the Nevadaplano SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Sierra Nevada; palaeotopography; ignimbrites; Oligocene; landscape evolution ID ISOTOPE-BASED PALEOALTIMETRY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ASH-FLOW TUFFS; VOLCANIC GLASS; GREAT-BASIN; PALEOBOTANICAL EVIDENCE; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; (U-TH)/HE AGES; WALKER-LANE; RANGE AB To gain a better understanding of the topographic and landscape evolution of the Cenozoic Sierra Nevada and Basin and Range, we combine geochemical and isotopic age correlations with palaeoaltimetry data from widely distributed ignimbrites in the northern Sierra Nevada, California. A sequence of Oligocene rhyolitic ignimbrites is preserved across the modern crest of the range and into the western foothills. Using trace and rare earth element geochemical analyses of volcanic glass, these deposits have been correlated to ignimbrites described and isotopically dated in the Walker Lane fault zone and in central Nevada (Henry et al., 2004, Geologic map of the Dogskin mountain quadrangle; Washoe County, Nevada; Faulds et al., 2005, Geology, v. 33, p. 505-508). Ignimbrite deposits were sampled within the northern Sierra Nevada and western Nevada, and four distinct geochemical compositions were identified. The majority of samples from within the northern Sierra Nevada have compositions similar to the tuffs of Axehandle Canyon or Rattlesnake Canyon, both likely sourced from the same caldera complex in either the Clan Alpine Mountains or the Stillwater Range, or to the tuff of Campbell Creek, sourced from the Desatoya Mountains caldera. New (40)Ar/(39)Ar age determinations from these samples of 31.2, 30.9, and 28.7 Ma, respectively, support these correlations. Based on an Oligocene palinspastic reconstruction of the region, our results show that ignimbrites travelled over 200 km from their source calderas across what is now the crest of the Sierra Nevada, and that during that time, no drainage divide existed between the ignimbrite source calderas in central Nevada and sample locations 200 km to the west. Palaeoaltimetry data from Sierra Nevada ignimbrites, based on the hydrogen isotopic composition of hydration water in glass, reflect the effect of a steep western slope on precipitation and indicate that the area had elevations similar to the present-day range. These combined results suggest that source calderas were likely located in a region of high elevation to the east of the Oligocene Sierra Nevada, which had a steep western slope that allowed for the large extent and broad distribution of the ignimbrites. C1 [Cassel, Elizabeth J.; Graham, Stephan A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Calvert, Andrew T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Cassel, EJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ecassel@stanford.edu FU GSA and AAPG student grants; Stanford University FX We thank Christopher Henry, who has shared his knowledge and expertise in western Nevada ignimbrite identification throughout our project, and Dean Miller and James Saburomaru at the US Geological Survey in Menlo Park for help with sample separation and irradiation preparations. Charles Knaack at Washington State University GeoAnalytical Lab performed the TREE geochemical analyses. Henry, Joseph Colgan and Bob Fleck provided constructive and insightful reviews. This research was supported by GSA and AAPG student grants and the Stanford University McGee Grant. NR 85 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PY 2009 VL 51 IS 7-8 BP 723 EP 742 DI 10.1080/00206810902880370 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA 486MA UT WOS:000269199600006 ER PT J AU Egger, AE Colgan, JP York, C AF Egger, Anne E. Colgan, Joseph P. York, Carly TI Provenance and palaeogeographic implications of Eocene-Oligocene sedimentary rocks in the northwestern Basin and Range SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Warner Range; detrital zircon geochronology; Oligocene palaeogeography; Basin and Range; Steamboat Formation; volcaniclastic sandstone ID SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; CALIFORNIA IMPLICATIONS; NORTHEASTERN NEVADA; GOLD DEPOSITS; WARNER RANGE; GREAT-BASIN; EVOLUTION; AGES; GEOCHRONOLOGY; EXTENSION AB A thick sequence of uppermost Eocene to lower Oligocene volcaniclastic and sedimentary rocks is exposed at the base of the Warner Range in northeastern California. This isolated exposure provides insight into the palaeogeographic setting of the northwestern Basin and Range during this time period. Significant thinning of the unit over 35 km of lateral exposure and predominantly volcanic clast compositions suggest that the sequence was deposited in an alluvial plain adjacent to a volcanic arc. Palaeocurrent indicators in the conglomerates define a NNE transport direction. Detrital zircon analysis on coarse sandstones and dating of individual granite cobbles show a range of ages consistent with a local, volcanic source area primarily from the SSW with some far-travelled input from northern Nevada; the far-travelled component increases in influence as the unit thins to the north. Comparison with other sedimentary sequences of Eocene age and integration with palaeofloral and geophysical data help to define drainage divides, and suggest that this sequence accumulated in a relatively isolated, intra-arc basin. This localized accumulation differs markedly from contemporaneous drainages to the south that transported material westwards from central Nevada to the palaeoshoreline, and suggests that ongoing volcanism had a strong influence on palaeogeography in this region during the Eocene and Oligocene. C1 [Egger, Anne E.; York, Carly] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Colgan, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Egger, AE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM annegger@stanford.edu; jcolgan@usgs.gov; cyork2@uwyo.edu OI Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PY 2009 VL 51 IS 9-11 BP 900 EP 919 DI 10.1080/00206810902949829 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA 496TI UT WOS:000270001100005 ER PT J AU Colgan, JP Henry, CD AF Colgan, Joseph P. Henry, Christopher D. TI Rapid middle Miocene collapse of the Mesozoic orogenic plateau in north-central Nevada SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE crustal shortening; Mesozoic orogenic plateau; Basin and Range; Miocene; extension ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; EAST HUMBOLDT RANGE; SOUTHERN COAST RANGES; FORELAND-BASIN SYSTEM; RIVER FLOOD BASALTS; SEVIER THRUST BELT; RUBY MOUNTAINS; NORTHEASTERN NEVADA; SIERRA-NEVADA AB The modern Sierra Nevada and Great Basin were likely the site of a high-elevation orogenic plateau well into Cenozoic time, supported by crust thickened during Mesozoic shortening. Although crustal thickening at this scale can lead to extension, the relationship between Mesozoic shortening and subsequent formation of the Basin and Range is difficult to unravel because it is unclear which of the many documented or interpreted extensional episodes was the most significant for net widening and crustal thinning. To address this problem, we integrate geologic and geochronologic data that bear on the timing and magnitude of Cenozoic extension along an similar to 200 km east-west transect south of Winnemucca, Battle Mountain, and Elko, Nevada. Pre-Cenozoic rocks in this region record east-west Palaeozoic and Mesozoic compression that continued into the Cretaceous. Little to no tectonism and no deposition followed until intense magmatism began in the Eocene. Eocene and Oligocene ash-flow tuffs flowed as much as 200 km down palaeovalleys cut as deeply as 1.5 km into underlying Palaeozoic and Mesozoic rocks in a low-relief landscape. Eocene sedimentation was otherwise limited to shallow lacustrine basins in the Elko area; extensive, thick clastic deposits are absent. Minor surface extension related to magmatism locally accompanied intense Eocene magmatism, but external drainage and little or no surface deformation apparently persisted regionally until about 16-17 Ma. Major upper crustal extension began across the region ca. 16-17 Ma, as determined by cross-cutting relationships, low-temperature thermochronology, and widespread deposition of clastic basin fill. Middle Miocene extension was partitioned into high-strain (50-100%) domains separated by largely unextended crustal blocks, and ended by 10-12 Ma. Bimodal volcanic rocks that erupted during middle Miocene extension are present across most of the study area, but are volumetrically minor outside the northern Nevada rift. The modern physiographic basins and ranges formed during a distinctly different episode of extension that began after about 10 Ma and has continued to the present. Late Miocene and younger faulting is characterized by widely spaced, high-angle normal faults that cut both older extended and unextended domains. Major widening of the Basin and Range at this latitude thus took place during a relatively brief interval in the middle Miocene, and the lack of major shortening west of the Sierra Nevada at this time suggests that the change in the plate margin from microplate subduction to lengthy transtensional strike-slip played an important role in allowing extension to occur when it did, as rapidly as it did. The onset of extension ca. 16-17 Ma was coeval with both Columbia River flood-basalt volcanism and the hypothesized final delamination of the shallow Farallon slab that lay beneath the western USA in the early Tertiary. However, it is unclear if these events were necessary prerequisites for extension, simply coincidental, or themselves consequences of rapid extension and/or reorganization of the plate boundary. C1 [Colgan, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Henry, Christopher D.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Colgan, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jcolgan@usgs.gov OI Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436 FU US Geological Survey Mendenhall postdoctoral research FX The ideas in this paper took shape during discussions and fieldwork with David John, Keith Howard, Alan Wallace, Jim Faulds, Elizabeth Miller, Trevor Dumitru, and Julie Fosdick. Funding for this work was provided by a US Geological Survey Mendenhall postdoctoral research fellowship to J. Colgan. We thank Keith Howard, Alan Wallace, Sandra Wyld, and Elizabeth Miller for reviews and comments that sharpened our arguments and greatly improved the final manuscript. NR 170 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 EI 1938-2839 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PY 2009 VL 51 IS 9-11 BP 920 EP 961 DI 10.1080/00206810903056731 PG 42 WC Geology SC Geology GA 496TI UT WOS:000270001100006 ER PT J AU Thompson, GA Parsons, T AF Thompson, George A. Parsons, Tom TI Can footwall unloading explain late Cenozoic uplift of the Sierra Nevada crest? SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Nevadaplano; Sierra Nevada; rift shoulders ID CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; RANGE; BASIN; FAULT AB Globally, normal-fault displacement bends and warps rift flanks upwards, as adjoining basins drop downwards. Perhaps the most evident manifestations are the flanks of the East African Rift, which cuts across the otherwise minimally deformed continent. Flank uplift was explained by Vening Meinesz (1950, Institut Royal Colonial Belge, Bulletin des Seances, v. 21, p. 539-552), who recognized that isostasy should cause uplift of a normal-faulted footwall and subsidence of its hanging wall. Uplift occurs because slip on a dipping normal fault creates a broader root of less-dense material beneath the footwall, and a narrowed one beneath the hanging wall. In this paper, we investigate the potential influence of this process on the latest stages of Sierra Nevada uplift. Through theoretical calculations and 3D finite element modelling, we find that cumulative slip of about 4 km on range-front faults would have produced about 1.3 km peak isostatic uplift at the ridge crest. Numerical models suggest that the zone of uplift is narrow, with the width controlled by bending resistance of the seismogenic crust. We conclude that footwall unloading cannot account for the entire elevation of the Sierran crest above sea level, but if range-front faulting initiated in an already elevated plateau like the adjacent Basin and Range Province, then a hybrid model of pre-existing regional uplift and localized footwall unloading can account for the older and newer uplift phases suggested by the geologic record. C1 [Thompson, George A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thompson, GA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gathomps@stanford.edu RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 EI 1938-2839 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PY 2009 VL 51 IS 9-11 BP 986 EP 993 DI 10.1080/00206810903059156 PG 8 WC Geology SC Geology GA 496TI UT WOS:000270001100008 ER PT J AU Jacques-Ayala, C Barth, AP Wooden, JL Jacobson, CE AF Jacques-Ayala, Cesar Barth, Andrew P. Wooden, Joseph L. Jacobson, Carl E. TI Provenance and U-Pb geochronology of the Upper Cretaceous El Chanate Group, northwest Sonora, Mexico, and its tectonic significance SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE El Chanate Group; Cretaceous; continental sedimentation; U-Pb geochronology ID MCCOY MOUNTAINS FORMATION; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; ARC; SANDSTONES; BASIN AB The Upper Cretaceous El Chanate Group, northwest Sonora, Mexico, is a 2.8 km thick clastic sedimentary sequence deposited in a continental basin closely related to volcanic activity. It consists of three formations: the PozoDuro (oldest), the Anita, and the Escalante (youngest). Petrographic study, conglomerate pebble counts, and U-Pb geochronology of detrital zircons were performed to determine the source and age of this sequence, and to interpret its tectonic setting. In the sandstones of all three formations, the most abundant grains are those of volcanic composition (Q(38)F(22)L(40), Q(35)F(19)L(46), and Q(31)F(22)L(47), respectively). The Pozo Duro Formation includes well-rounded quartz-arenite clast conglomerates, whereas conglomerates of the two upper units have clasts predominantly of andesitic and rhyolitic composition. The most likely source for these sediments was the Jurassic volcanic arc exposed in northern Sonora and southern Arizona. Zircons from five sandstone samples define two main age groups, Proterozoic and Mesozoic. The first ranges mostly from 1000 to 1800 Ma, which suggests the influence of a cratonic source. This zircon suite is interpreted to be recycled and derived from the same source area as the quartz-rich sandstone clasts in the basal part of the section. Mesozoic zircons range from Triassic to Late Cretaceous, which confirms the proposed Late Cretaceous age for the sequence, and also corroborates Jurassic felsic source rocks. Another possible source was the Alisitos volcanic arc, exposed along the western margin of the Baja California Peninsula. Of regional significance is the great similarity between the El Chanate Group and the McCoy Mountains Formation of southeastern California and southwestern Arizona. Both are Cretaceous, were deposited in continental environments, and have similar zircon-age patterns. Also, both exhibit intense deformation and locally display penetrative foliation. These features strongly suggest that both units underwent similar tectonic histories. C1 [Jacques-Ayala, Cesar] UNAM, Inst Geol, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. [Barth, Andrew P.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jacobson, Carl E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jacques-Ayala, C (reprint author), UNAM, Inst Geol, Apdo Postal 1039, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. EM jacques@unam.mx FU University of Cincinnati; US National Science Foundation [EAR-0408730, EAR-0408580] FX This work is part of the senior author's dissertation, and funding was provided by the University of Cincinnati through the Wyckoff Fellowship. The US National Science Foundation (EAR-0408730 to APB and EAR-0408580 to CEJ) provided additional support. We thank Tim Lawton, Paul Stone, and Richard Tosdal for helpful discussions. The manuscript was read in its previous stages by Forrest G. Poole, Jaime Roldan-Quintana, and Juan Carlos Garcia y Barragan. We thank them for their observations and comments, which proved to be very useful. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PY 2009 VL 51 IS 9-11 BP 1051 EP 1077 DI 10.1080/00206810902945066 PG 27 WC Geology SC Geology GA 496TI UT WOS:000270001100011 ER PT J AU Huang, CQ Goward, SN Masek, JG Gao, F Vermote, EF Thomas, N Schleeweis, K Kennedy, RE Zhu, ZL Eidenshink, JC Townshend, JRG AF Huang, Chengquan Goward, Samuel N. Masek, Jeffrey G. Gao, Feng Vermote, Eric F. Thomas, Nancy Schleeweis, Karen Kennedy, Robert E. Zhu, Zhiliang Eidenshink, Jeffery C. Townshend, John R. G. TI Development of time series stacks of Landsat images for reconstructing forest disturbance history SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH LA English DT Article DE Landsat time series stack; imagery-ready-to-use; LEDAPS; forest change ID COVER CHANGES; AVHRR DATA; DATA SET; MODIS; CARBON; DEFORESTATION; RECORD; WATER; REFLECTANCE; VARIABILITY AB Forest dynamics is highly relevant to a broad range of earth science studies, many of which have geographic coverage ranging from regional to global scales. While the temporally dense Landsat acquisitions available in many regions provide a unique opportunity for understanding forest disturbance history dating back to 1972, large quantities of Landsat images will need to be analysed for studies at regional to global scales. This will not only require effective change detection algorithms, but also highly automated, high level preprocessing capabilities to produce images with subpixel geolocation accuracies and best achievable radiometric consistency, a status called imagery-ready-to-use (IRU). This paper describes a streamlined approach for producing IRU quality Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). This approach consists of an image selection protocol, high level preprocessing algorithms and IRU quality verification procedures. The high level preprocessing algorithms include updated radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction for calculating surface reflectance and precision registration and orthorectification routines for improving geolocation accuracy. These automated routines have been implemented in the Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive System (LEDAPS) designed for processing large quantities of Landsat images. Some characteristics of the LTSS developed using this approach are discussed. C1 [Huang, Chengquan; Goward, Samuel N.; Vermote, Eric F.; Thomas, Nancy; Schleeweis, Karen; Townshend, John R. G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gao, Feng] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Kennedy, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Eidenshink, Jeffery C.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Huang, CQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cqhuang@umd.edu RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Vermote, Eric/K-3733-2012; OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798 NR 62 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1753-8947 J9 INT J DIGIT EARTH JI Int. J. Digit. Earth PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 195 EP 218 DI 10.1080/17538940902801614 PG 24 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 497VE UT WOS:000270090300001 ER PT J AU Nayegandhi, A Brock, JC Wright, CW AF Nayegandhi, A. Brock, J. C. Wright, C. W. TI Small-footprint, waveform-resolving lidar estimation of submerged and sub-canopy topography in coastal environments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE; FOREST AB The experimental advanced airborne research lidar (EAARL) is an airborne lidar instrument designed to map near-shore submerged topography and adjacent land elevations simultaneously. This study evaluated data acquired by the EAARL system in February 2003 and March 2004 along the margins of Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, to map bare-earth elevations under a variety of vegetation types and submerged topography in shallow, turbid water conditions. A spatial filtering algorithm, known as the iterative random consensus filter (IRCF), was used to extract ground elevations from a point cloud of processed last-surface EAARL returns. Filtered data were compared with acoustic and field measurements acquired in shallow submerged (0-2.5 m water depth) and sub-canopy environments. Root mean square elevation errors (RMSEs) ranged from 10-14 cm for submerged topography to 16-20 cm for sub-canopy topography under a variety of vegetation communities. The effect of lidar sampling angles and global positioning system (GPS) satellite configuration on accuracy was investigated. Results show high RMSEs for data acquired during periods of poor satellite configuration and at large sampling angles along the edges of the lidar scan. The results presented in this study confirm the cross-environment capability of a green-wavelength, waveform-resolving lidar system, making it an ideal tool for mapping coastal environments. C1 [Nayegandhi, A.; Brock, J. C.] Jacobs Technol Inc, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Wright, C. W.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Nayegandhi, A (reprint author), Jacobs Technol Inc, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM anayegandhi@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX The US Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program funded this investigation. The authors thank Virgil Rabine for his excellent skills as Chief Pilot during the NASA EAARL surveys. Dr Brandt Henningson (Southwest Florida Water Management District), Mark Hansen and B. J. Reynolds (USGS) are gratefully acknowledged for providing field measurements in support of this investigation. The authors thank H. Stockdon (USGS), J. Krebs (ETI-USGS) and the two anonymous referees for their comments and careful review of this manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 4 BP 861 EP 878 DI 10.1080/01431160802395227 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 436JD UT WOS:000265409100004 ER PT J AU Thenkabail, PS Biradar, CM Noojipady, P Dheeravath, V Li, YJ Velpuri, M Gumma, M Gangalakunta, ORP Turral, H Cai, XL Vithanage, J Schull, MA Dutta, R AF Thenkabail, Prasad S. Biradar, Chandrashekhar M. Noojipady, Praveen Dheeravath, Venkateswarlu Li, Yuanjie Velpuri, Manohar Gumma, Muralikrishna Gangalakunta, Obi Reddy P. Turral, Hugh Cai, Xueliang Vithanage, Jagath Schull, Mitchell A. Dutta, Rishiraj TI Global irrigated area map (GIAM), derived from remote sensing, for the end of the last millennium SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID USE/LAND-COVER LULC; TIME-SERIES; DATA SET; AVHRR DATA; BASIN; VEGETATION; RESOLUTION; DISCOVER; ERRORS; ASIA AB A Global Irrigated Area Map (GIAM) has been produced for the end of the last millennium using multiple satellite sensor, secondary, Google Earth and groundtruth data. The data included: (a) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 3-band and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 10 km monthly time-series for 1997-1999, (b) Systeme pour l'Observation de la Terre Vegetation (SPOT VGT) NDVI 1 km monthly time series for 1999, (c) East Anglia University Climate Research Unit (CRU) rainfall 50 km monthly time series for 1961-2000, (d) Global 30 Arc-Second Elevation Data Set (GTOPO30) 1 km digital elevation data of the World, (e) Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (JERS-1 SAR) data for the rain forests during two seasons in 1996 and (f) University of Maryland Global Tree Cover 1 km data for 1992-1993. A single mega-file data-cube (MFDC) of the World with 159 layers, akin to hyperspectral data, was composed by re-sampling different data types into a common 1 km resolution. The MFDC was segmented based on elevation, temperature and precipitation zones. Classification was performed on the segments. Quantitative spectral matching techniques (SMTs) used in hyperspectral data analysis were adopted to group class spectra derived from unsupervised classification and match them with ideal or target spectra. A rigorous class identification and labelling process involved the use of: (a) space-time spiral curve (ST-SC) plots, (b) brightness-greenness-wetness (BGW) plots, (c) time series NDVI plots, (d) Google Earth very-high-resolution imagery (VHRI) 'zoom-in views' in over 11 000 locations, (e) groundtruth data broadly sourced from the degree confluence project (3 864 sample locations) and from the GIAM project (1 790 sample locations), (f) high-resolution Landsat-ETM+ Geocover 150 m mosaic of the World and (g) secondary data (e. g. national and global land use and land cover data). Mixed classes were resolved based on decision tree algorithms and spatial modelling, and when that did not work, the problem class was used to mask and re-classify the MDFC, and the class identification and labelling protocol repeated. The sub-pixel area (SPA) calculations were performed by multiplying full-pixel areas (FPAs) with irrigated area fractions (IAFs) for every class. A 28 class GIAM was produced and the area statistics reported as: (a) annualized irrigated areas (AIAs), which consider intensity of irrigation (i.e. sum of irrigated areas from different seasons in a year plus continuous year-round irrigation or gross irrigated areas), and (b) total area available for irrigation (TAAI), which does not consider intensity of irrigation (i.e. irrigated areas at any given point of time plus the areas left fallow but 'equipped for irrigation' at the same point of time or net irrigated areas). The AIA of the World at the end of the last millennium was 467 million hectares (Mha), which is sum of the non-overlapping areas of: (a) 252 Mha from season one, (b) 174 Mha from season two and (c) 41 Mha from continuous year-round crops. The TAAI at the end of the last millennium was 399 Mha. The distribution of irrigated areas is highly skewed amongst continents and countries. Asia accounts for 79% (370 Mha) of all AIAs, followed by Europe (7%) and North America (7%). Three continents, South America (4%), Africa (2%) and Australia (1%), have a very low proportion of the global irrigation. The GIAM had an accuracy of 79-91%, with errors of omission not exceeding 21%, and the errors of commission not exceeding 23%. The GIAM statistics were also compared with: (a) the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and University of Frankfurt (UF) derived irrigated areas and (b) national census data for India. The relationships and causes of differences are discussed in detail. The GIAM products are made available through a web portal (http://www.iwmigiam.org). C1 [Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey, SW Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Biradar, Chandrashekhar M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Noojipady, Praveen; Li, Yuanjie] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dheeravath, Venkateswarlu] UN Joint Logist Ctr, Juba, Sudan. [Velpuri, Manohar] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Thenkabail, Prasad S.; Gumma, Muralikrishna; Cai, Xueliang; Vithanage, Jagath] IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Gangalakunta, Obi Reddy P.] ICAR, Natl Bur Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. [Turral, Hugh] St Prod, Melbourne, Vic 3054, Australia. [Schull, Mitchell A.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Dutta, Rishiraj] Indian Inst Remote Sensing, Dehra Dun, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Geog Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pthenkabail@usgs.gov RI Velpuri, Naga Manohar/A-5193-2013 OI Velpuri, Naga Manohar/0000-0002-6370-1926 NR 75 TC 125 Z9 136 U1 5 U2 53 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 14 BP 3679 EP 3733 PG 55 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 483WO UT WOS:000269003100009 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Martin, DA AF Moody, John A. Martin, Deborah A. TI Synthesis of sediment yields after wildland fire in different rainfall regimes in the western United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; DEBRIS FLOW INITIATION; POST-WILDFIRE EROSION; COLORADO FRONT RANGE/; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE; SACRAMENTO MOUNTAINS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOIL-EROSION AB Measurements of post-fire sediment erosion, transport, and deposition collected within 2 years of a wildfire were compiled from the published literature (1927-2007) for sites across the western United States. Annual post-fire sediment yields were computed and grouped into four measurement methods (hillslope point and plot measurements, channel measurements of suspended-sediment and sediment erosion or deposition volumes). Post-fire sediment yields for each method were then grouped into eight different rainfall regimes. Mean sediment yield from channels (240 t ha(-1)) was significantly greater than from hillslopes (82 t ha(-1)). This indicated that on the time scale of wildfire (10-100 years) channels were the primary sources of available sediment. A lack of correlation of sediment yield with topographic slope and soil erodibility further suggested that sediment availability may be more important than slope or soil erodibility in predicting post-fire sediment yields. The maximum post-fire sediment yields were comparable to long-term sediment yields from major rivers of the world. Based on 80 years of data from the literature, wildfires have been an important geomorphic agent of landscape change when linked with sufficient rainfall. These effects are limited in spatial scale to the immediate burned area and to downstream channel corridors. C1 [Moody, John A.; Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jamoody@usgs.gov; damartin@usg.gov FU National Research Program of the USGS Water Resources Discipline; USGS-Biological Resources Discipline FX The present project started in 1996 as a multi-disciplinary effort within the US Geological Survey (USGS) supported by the National Research Program of the USGS Water Resources Discipline to visit burned areas across the western United States in order to learn about fire regimes, post-fire consequences, invasive species, research gaps, and data needs. We extend our heartfelt gratitude to the land managers and scientists within the USDA Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, and elsewhere who took their time to show us sites, and share published literature and unpublished reports and their knowledge gleaned from burned watersheds. Many of these site visits have led to fruitful multiagency collaborations. We particularly thank Craig Allen, USGS-Biological Resources Discipline, for his generous support for additional site visits and this synthesis through the project, 'Response of Western Mountain Ecosystems to Climatic Variability and Change: the Western Mountain Initiative'. Thanks to Dr Claire Hay, Metropolitan State College of Denver, for helpful discussions and the GIS map in the present report. The manuscript has been considerably improved by suggestions by Waite Osterkamp, USGS, and Tom Lisle, USFS, and the insightful comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 168 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 45 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 96 EP 115 DI 10.1071/WF07162 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 408XE UT WOS:000263468200008 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE AF Keeley, Jon E. TI Fire intensity, fire severity and burn severity: a brief review and suggested usage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review DE Arnhem Land; burning efficiency; emission factors; fire mapping; fuel loads; National Greenhouse Gas Inventory; Northern Territory ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SOIL-WATER REPELLENCY; PRESCRIBED FIRE; LANDSAT TM; FOREST; WILDFIRE; BEHAVIOR; VEGETATION; CALIFORNIA; TEMPERATURES AB Although biomass burning of savannas is recognised as a major global source of greenhouse gas emissions, quantification remains problematic with resulting regional emissions estimates often differing markedly. Here we undertake a critical assessment of Australia's National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (NGGI) savanna burning emissions methodology. We describe the methodology developed for, and results and associated uncertainties derived from, a landscape-scale emissions abatement project in fire-prone western Arnhem Land, northern Australia. The methodology incorporates (i) detailed fire history and vegetation structure and fuels type mapping derived from satellite imagery; (ii) field-based assessments of fuel load accumulation, burning efficiencies (patchiness, combustion efficiency, ash retention) and N: C composition; and (iii) application of standard, regionally derived emission factors. Importantly, this refined methodology differs from the NGGI by incorporation of fire seasonality and severity components, and substantial improvements in baseline data. We consider how the application of a fire management program aimed at shifting the seasonality of burning (from one currently dominated by extensive late dry season wildfires to one where strategic fire management is undertaken earlier in the year) can provide significant project-based emissions abatement. The approach has wider application to fire-prone savanna systems dominated by anthropogenic sources of ignition. C1 [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, 47050 Gen Highway, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov FU Joint Fire Science Program Project [04-1-2-01]; USGS Multi- Hazards Demonstration Project FX The present manuscript has greatly benefited from discussion with, and comments on an earlier draft by the following colleagues: Jan Beyers, James Grace, Carl Key, Jay Miller, Jason Mogahaddas, Annette Parsons, David L. Peterson, Karen Phillips, Bill Romme, Kevin Ryan, Hugh Safford, Phillip van Mantgem and Marti Witter. Thanks to Jeff Eidenshink for providing remote- sensing dNBR data. This research was made possible through funding of the Joint Fire Science Program Project 04-1-2-01 and the USGS Multi- Hazards Demonstration Project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 107 TC 401 Z9 406 U1 27 U2 205 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 116 EP 126 DI 10.1071/WF07049 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 408XE UT WOS:000263468200009 ER PT J AU Shinneman, DJ Baker, WL AF Shinneman, Douglas J. Baker, William L. TI Environmental and climatic variables as potential drivers of post-fire cover of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in seeded and unseeded semiarid ecosystems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE invasive species; non-native; pinon-juniper woodland; post-fire seeding; sagebrush shrubland ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; GREAT-BASIN; WESTERN COLORADO; NATIONAL-PARK; VEGETATION; COMPETITION; INVASION; ESTABLISHMENT; GRASSES; WEEDS AB Cheatgrass, a non-native annual grass, dominates millions of hectares in semiarid ecosystems of the Inter-mountain West (USA). Post-fire invasions can reduce native species diversity and alter ecological processes. To curb cheatgrass invasion, land managers often seed recently burned areas with perennial competitor species. We sampled vegetation within burned (1-9 years post-fire) and nearby unburned (representing pre-fire) pinon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus osteosperma) woodland and sagebrush (Artemisia sp.) in western Colorado to analyze variables that might explain cheatgrass cover after fire. A multiple regression model suggests higher cheatgrass cover after fire with: (1) sagebrush v. pinon-juniper; (2) higher pre-fire cover of annual forbs; (3) increased time since fire; (4) lower pre-fire cover of biological soil crust; and (5) lower precipitation the year before fire. Time since fire, which coincided with higher precipitation, accounts for most of the variability in cheatgrass cover. No significant difference was found in mean cheatgrass cover between seeded and unseeded plots over time. However, negative relationships with pre-fire biological soil crust cover and native species richness suggest livestock-degraded areas are more susceptible to post-fire invasion. Proactive strategies for combating cheatgrass should include finding effective native competitors and restoring livestock-degraded areas. C1 [Baker, William L.] Univ Wyoming, Ecol Program, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Baker, William L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Shinneman, Douglas J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Shinneman, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM dshinneman@usgs.gov; bakerwl@uwyo.edu RI Baker, William/A-7008-2008 FU US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management [ESA020016]; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; Grand Rapids; MN; Nature Conservancy; Minneapolis FX The present study was supported by the US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management under Agreement No. ESA020016. We appreciate the assistance of Bob Welch and Amanda Clements at the Uncompahgre Field Office and Harley Metz with the Grand Junction Field Office. We also acknowledge support provided by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Grand Rapids, MN, and The Nature Conservancy, Minneapolis, MN. NR 69 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 24 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 191 EP 202 DI 10.1071/WF07043 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 427UK UT WOS:000264804400006 ER PT J AU Rollins, MG AF Rollins, Matthew G. TI LANDFIRE: a nationally consistent vegetation, wildland fire, and fuel assessment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article CT EastFIRE Conference 2007 CY JUN 05-08, 2007 CL Fairfax, VA ID MULTIPLE SCALES; UNITED-STATES; COVER; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; CLASSIFICATION; SIMULATION; GRADIENTS; REGIMES; AREAS AB LANDFIRE is a 5-year, multipartner project producing consistent and comprehensive maps and data describing vegetation, wildland fuel, fire regimes and ecological departure from historical conditions across the United States. It is a shared project between the wildland fire management and research and development programs of the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service and US Department of the Interior. LANDFIRE meets agency and partner needs for comprehensive, integrated data to support landscape-level fire management planning and prioritization, community and firefighter protection, effective resource allocation, and collaboration between agencies and the public. The LANDFIRE data production framework is interdisciplinary, science-based and fully repeatable, and integrates many geospatial technologies including biophysical gradient analyses, remote sensing, vegetation modelling, ecological simulation, and landscape disturbance and successional modelling. LANDFIRE data products are created as 30-m raster grids and are available over the internet at www.landfire.gov, accessed 22 April 2009. The data products are produced at scales that may be useful for prioritizing and planning individual hazardous fuel reduction and ecosystem restoration projects; however, the applicability of data products varies by location and specific use, and products may need to be adjusted by local users. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Rollins, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM mrollins@usgs.gov NR 95 TC 141 Z9 143 U1 4 U2 37 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 235 EP 249 DI 10.1071/WF08088 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 450NE UT WOS:000266406600002 ER PT J AU Reeves, MC Ryan, KC Rollins, MG Thompson, TG AF Reeves, Matthew C. Ryan, Kevin C. Rollins, Matthew G. Thompson, Thomas G. TI Spatial fuel data products of the LANDFIRE Project SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article CT EastFIRE Conference 2007 CY JUN 05-08, 2007 CL Fairfax, VA DE decision support; fire behavior; national coverage; remote sensing; seamless GIS products; wildand fuel ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CONIFER FOREST STANDS; WILDLAND FIRE DANGER; LEAF-AREA INDEX; CROWN FIRE; ANCILLARY DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LANDSCAPE; VEGETATION; COVER AB The Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (LANDFIRE) Project is mapping wildland fuels, vegetation, and fire regime characteristics across the United States. The LANDFIRE project is unique because of its national scope, creating an integrated product suite at 30-m spatial resolution and complete spatial coverage of all lands within the 50 states. Here we describe development of the LANDFIRE wildland fuels data layers for the conterminous 48 states: surface fire behavior fuel models, canopy bulk density, canopy base height, canopy cover, and canopy height. Surface fire behavior fuel models are mapped by developing crosswalks to vegetation structure and composition created by LANDFIRE. Canopy fuels are mapped using regression trees relating field-referenced estimates of canopy base height and canopy bulk density to satellite imagery, biophysical gradients and vegetation structure and composition data. Here we focus on the methods and data used to create the fuel data products, discuss problems encountered with the data, provide an accuracy assessment, demonstrate recent use of the data during the 2007 fire season, and discuss ideas for updating, maintaining and improving LANDFIRE fuel data products. C1 [Reeves, Matthew C.] Missoula Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Ryan, Kevin C.; Thompson, Thomas G.] Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Rollins, Matthew G.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Reeves, MC (reprint author), Missoula Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mreeves@fs.fed.us; kryan@fs.fed.us; mrollins@usgs.gov; tthompson@fs.fed.us NR 98 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 250 EP 267 DI 10.1071/WF08086 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 450NE UT WOS:000266406600003 ER PT J AU Preisler, HK Burgan, RE Eidenshink, JC Klaver, JM Klaver, RW AF Preisler, Haiganoush K. Burgan, Robert E. Eidenshink, Jeffery C. Klaver, Jacqueline M. Klaver, Robert W. TI Forecasting distributions of large federal-lands fires utilizing satellite and gridded weather information SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire business; fire danger; fire distribution; fire mapping; fire occurrence; semi-parametric logistic regression; spatial mapping; statistical comparisons of fire danger indices ID MODELS AB The current study presents a statistical model for assessing the skill of fire danger indices and for forecasting the distribution of the expected numbers of large fires over a given region and for the upcoming week. The procedure permits development of daily maps that forecast, for the forthcoming week and within federal lands, percentiles of the distributions of (i) number of ignitions; (ii) number of fires above a given size; (iii) conditional probabilities of fires greater than a specified size, given ignition. As an illustration, we used the methods to study the skill of the Fire Potential Index - an index that incorporates satellite and surface observations to map fire potential at a national scale - in forecasting distributions of large fires. C1 [Preisler, Haiganoush K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Burgan, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Eidenshink, Jeffery C.; Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Preisler, HK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM hpreisler@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5 BP 508 EP 516 DI 10.1071/WF08032 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 481KM UT WOS:000268809000002 ER PT J AU Leidolf, A Bissonette, JA AF Leidolf, Andreas Bissonette, John A. TI The effects of fire on avian communities: spatio-temporal attributes of the literature 1912-2003 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE birds; community ecology; disturbance; fire ecology; fire effects; literature analysis ID ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; DISTURBANCE; SCIENCE AB We reviewed the temporal, geographic, and biogeographic distribution, as well as relevant research and publication attributes, of 512 documents addressing the effects of fire on avian communities, to provide an assessment of the scope of this literature and recommendations for future research. We summarized relevant attributes of all documents to identify patterns that were then tested against appropriate null models. Most documents reported on original research, with the literature evenly divided between studies investigating controlled fire and those reporting on uncontrolled wildfires. Conceptual reviews made up the second largest category; methodological reviews, bibliographies, and meta-analyses were rare. Although the literature examined spans nearly a century, most documents were published within the last 15 years, with new literature being added at an increasing rate. However, increases seem to be skewed towards original research at the expense of synthesis. An overwhelming majority of documents were published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and in English. Other important publication outlets included MS and PhD theses and conference proceedings. The spatial distribution of documents by continent and biogeographic domain and division differed significantly from expectations based on land area. Future research on avian community response to fire should focus on (1) continued synthesis, emphasizing methodological reviews, bibliographies, and North America; (2) increasing research efforts in areas currently underrepresented in the literature, including Africa, Asia, and South and Central America; and (3) meta-analyses. C1 [Leidolf, Andreas; Bissonette, John A.] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Leidolf, Andreas; Bissonette, John A.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Leidolf, A (reprint author), Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM andreasleidolf@msn.com NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5 BP 609 EP 622 DI 10.1071/WF08019 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 481KM UT WOS:000268809000011 ER PT J AU Waitman, BA Draper, TM Esque, TC AF Waitman, Benjamin A. Draper, Trent M. Esque, Todd C. TI The effects of seeding sterile triticale on a native plant community after wildfire in a pinyon pine-mountain mahogany woodland SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Cercocarpus ledifolius var. intermontanus; mitigation measures; Pinus monophyla; rehabilitation; Spring Mountains National Recreational Area; Triticosecale ID EROSION; FIRE; INVASIBILITY; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION; RUNOFF; COMPETITION; SEEDLINGS; IMPACTS AB Post-fire seeding with grasses is a common practice for emergency rehabilitation of burned woodlands. However, most post-seeding monitoring does not address consequences to native flora. In November 2004, the US Forest Service hand-seeded triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus), a sterile wheat-rye hybrid, on a small burned area in the Spring Mountains of southern Nevada, United States. A monitoring project using paired plots was designed to quantify the effects of seeding triticale on density and species richness of native annual and perennial plants, cover of perennial plants, and aboveground production of annual plants. We did not find any effects of triticale seeding on annual plant species or most responses of perennial plants. However, the density of woody perennial seedlings was significantly lower 2 years after triticale was added. Although we found a smaller impact from seeding with exotic grass than other studies, quantifiable costs to native vegetation were observed. We caution against the use of non-native grass for seeding in areas with naturally low perennial recruitment. C1 [Waitman, Benjamin A.; Draper, Trent M.; Esque, Todd C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Esque, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM todd_esque@usgs.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service FX This work was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the research was accomplished in collaboration with the USFS, Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, and Spring Mountains National Recreation Area. We thank J. Hurja and the local firefighters who conducted the hand-seeding. For assistance with plot establishment, we thank J. Spencer, J. Lissow, G. Reese, B. Cunningham, and K. Nolte. M. Garnett, J. Yee, K. Phillips, J. Keeley, and two anonymous reviewers provided many helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 659 EP 664 DI 10.1071/WF07157 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 497BX UT WOS:000270030500004 ER PT J AU Lutz, JA van Wagtendonk, JW Thode, AE Miller, JD Franklin, JF AF Lutz, James A. van Wagtendonk, Jan W. Thode, Andrea E. Miller, Jay D. Franklin, Jerry F. TI Climate, lightning ignitions, and fire severity in Yosemite National Park, California, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE burn severity; climate change; climate variability; fire regime attributes; landscape flammability; normalized burn ratio; patch complexity; RdNBR; Sierra Nevada; snowpack; snow water equivalent ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; BURN SEVERITY; WILDFIRE; FOREST; REGIMES; SUCCESSION; VEGETATION; SNOWPACK; HISTORY AB Continental-scale studies of western North America have attributed recent increases in annual area burned and fire size to a warming climate, but these studies have focussed on large fires and have left the issues of fire severity and ignition frequency unaddressed. Lightning ignitions, any of which could burn a large area given appropriate conditions for fire spread, could be the first indication of more frequent fire. We examined the relationship between snowpack and the ignition and size of fires that occurred in Yosemite National Park, California (area 3027 km(2)), between 1984 and 2005. During this period, 1870 fires burned 77 718 ha. Decreased spring snowpack exponentially increased the number of lightning-ignited fires. Snowpack mediated lightning-ignited fires by decreasing the proportion of lightning strikes that caused lightning-ignited fires and through fewer lightning strikes in years with deep snowpack. We also quantified fire severity for the 103 fires > 40 ha with satellite fire-severity indices using 23 years of Landsat Thematic Mapper data. The proportion of the landscape that burned at higher severities and the complexity of higher-severity burn patches increased with the log(10) of annual area burned. Using one snowpack forecast, we project that the number of lightning-ignited fires will increase 19.1% by 2020 to 2049 and the annual area burned at high severity will increase 21.9%. Climate-induced decreases in snowpack and the concomitant increase in fire severity suggest that existing assumptions may be understated fires may become more frequent and more severe. C1 [Lutz, James A.; Franklin, Jerry F.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [Thode, Andrea E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Miller, Jay D.] US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA 95652 USA. RP Lutz, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jlutz@u.washington.edu RI Lutz, James/B-3785-2012 FU National Science Foundation IGERT [0333408]; Seattle ARCS Foundation FX We thank Yosemite National Park, the US Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, and the California Department of Water Resources for data and data management. We thank J. K. Agee, A. J. Larson, D. McKenzie, and A. L. Westerling for discussions. Comments from J. A. Freund, A. R. Gillespie, C. B. Halpern, T. M. Hinckley, D. G. Sprugel, and two anonymous reviewers improved previous versions of this manuscript. This research was supported by National Science Foundation IGERT (0333408) and the Seattle ARCS Foundation. NR 65 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 36 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2009 VL 18 IS 7 BP 765 EP 774 DI 10.1071/WF08117 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 511KP UT WOS:000271163500003 ER PT J AU Coplen, TB Qi, HP AF Coplen, Tyler B. Qi, Haiping TI Quality assurance and quality control in light stable isotope laboratories: A case study of Rio Grande, Texas, water samples SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article CT IAEA International Symposium on Quality Assurance for Analytical Methods in Isotope Hydroloby CY AUG-JUL -, 2004-2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP IAEA DE carbon-13; hydrogen-2; IAEA; isotope measurement methods and equipment; mass spectrometry; nitrogen-15; oxygen-18; reference materials; sulphur-34; Texas; water; procurement ID RATIO ANALYSIS; HYDROGEN AB New isotope laboratories can achieve the goal of reporting the same isotopic composition within analytical uncertainty for the same material analysed decades apart by (1) writing their own acceptance testing procedures and putting them into their mass spectrometric or laser-based isotope-ratio equipment procurement contract, (2) requiring a manufacturer to demonstrate acceptable performance using all sample ports provided with the instrumentation, (3) for each medium to be analysed, prepare two local reference materials substantially different in isotopic composition to encompass the range in isotopic composition expected in the laboratory and calibrated them with isotopic reference materials available from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) or the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), (4) using the optimum storage containers (for water samples, sealing in glass ampoules that are sterilised after sealing is satisfactory), (5) interspersing among sample unknowns local laboratory isotopic reference materials daily ( internationally distributed isotopic reference materials can be ordered at three-year intervals, and can be used for elemental analyser analyses and other analyses that consume less than 1 mg of material) - this process applies to H, C, N, O, and S isotope ratios, (6) calculating isotopic compositions of unknowns by normalising isotopic data to that of local reference materials, which have been calibrated to internationally distributed isotopic reference materials, (7) reporting results on scales normalised to internationally distributed isotopic reference materials (where they are available) and providing to sample submitters the isotopic compositions of internationally distributed isotopic reference materials of the same substance had they been analysed with unknowns, (8) providing an audit trail in the laboratory for analytical results this trail commonly will be in electronic format and might include a laboratory information management system, (9) making at regular intervals a complete backup of laboratory analytical data (both of samples logged into the laboratory and of mass spectrometric analyses), being sure to store one copy of this backup offsite, and (10) participating in interlaboratory comparison exercises sponsored by the IAEA and other agencies at regular intervals. C1 [Coplen, Tyler B.; Qi, Haiping] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-6016 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PY 2009 VL 45 IS 2 BP 126 EP 134 DI 10.1080/10256010902871952 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 478UA UT WOS:000268612600005 PM 20183226 ER PT J AU Linkous, DH Adlard, PA Wanschura, PB Conko, KM Flinn, JM AF Linkous, David H. Adlard, Paul A. Wanschura, Patricia B. Conko, Kathryn M. Flinn, Jane M. TI The Effects of Enhanced Zinc on Spatial Memory and Plaque Formation in Transgenic Mice SO JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; amyloid plaques; metals; Morris water maze; nutrition; spatial memory; Tg2576; transgenic mice; Westaway; zinc ID TARGETING A-BETA; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; AMYLOID PLAQUES; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; SERUM ZINC; PROTEIN; COPPER; DEFICITS; SUPPLEMENTATION; THERAPY AB There is considerable evidence suggesting that metals play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Reports suggest that elevated dietary metals may both precipitate and potentiate an Alzheimer's disease phenotype. Despite this, there remain few studies that have examined the behavioral consequences of elevated dietary metals in wild type and Alzheimer's disease animals. To further investigate this in the current study, two separate transgenic models of AD (Tg2576 and TgCRND8), together with wild type littermates were administered 10 ppm (0.153 mM) Zn. Tg2576 animals were maintained on a zinc-enriched diet both pre- and postnatally until 11 months of age, while TgCRND8 animals were treated for five months following weaning. Behavioral testing, consisting of "Atlantis" and "moving" platform versions of the Morris water maze, were conducted at the end of the study, and tissues were collected for immunohistochemical analysis of amyloid-beta burden. Our data demonstrate that the provision of a zinc-enriched diet potentiated Alzheimer-like spatial memory impairments in the transgenic animals and was associated with reduced hippocampal amyloid-beta plaque deposits. Zinc-related behavioral deficits were also demonstrated in wild type mice, which were sometimes as great as those present in the transgenic animals. However, zinc-related cognitive impairments in transgenic mice were greater than the summation of zinc effects in the wild type mice and the transgene effects. C1 [Linkous, David H.; Wanschura, Patricia B.; Flinn, Jane M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Linkous, David H.] Univ Dist Columbia, Dept Psychol & Counseling, Washington, DC USA. [Adlard, Paul A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Inst Brain Aging & Dementia, Irvine, CA USA. [Adlard, Paul A.] Mental Hlth Res Inst Victoria, Parkville, Vic, Australia. [Conko, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Flinn, JM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Mail Stop 3F5,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jflinn@gmu.edu OI Conko, Kathryn/0000-0001-6361-4921 FU George Mason University; U. S. Geological Survey; Research Assistantship at George Mason University; NHMRC FX We are grateful for the support funds from George Mason University and the U. S. Geological Survey, and appreciate the numerous contributions from Dr. Blair F. Jones of the USGS. DHL was supported by a Research Assistantship at George Mason University. PAA is supported by an NH&MRC fellowship. We thank Jun Flores and Katherine Cano for technical assistance. We appreciate the helpful comments of the reviewers of this paper. NR 75 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2877 J9 J ALZHEIMERS DIS JI J. Alzheimers Dis. PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 565 EP 579 DI 10.3233/JAD-2009-1162 PG 15 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 533XS UT WOS:000272860100009 PM 19584445 ER PT J AU Todorov, TI Xu, H Ejnik, JW Mullick, FG Squibb, K McDiarmid, MA Centeno, JA AF Todorov, Todor I. Xu, Hanna Ejnik, John W. Mullick, Florabel G. Squibb, Katherine McDiarmid, Melissa A. Centeno, Jose A. TI Depleted uranium analysis in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; ISOTOPE RATIO MEASUREMENTS; ICP-MS; ALPHA-SPECTROMETRY; GULF-WAR; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; URINE; VETERANS; PLUTONIUM; SURVEILLANCE AB In this study we report depleted uranium (DU) analysis in whole blood samples. Internal exposure to DU causes increased uranium levels as well as change in the uranium isotopic composition in blood specimen. For identification of DU exposure we used the (235)U/(238)U ratio in blood samples, which ranges from 0.00725 for natural uranium to 0.002 for depleted uranium. Uranium quantification and isotopic composition analysis were performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. For method validation we used eight spiked blood samples with known uranium concentrations and isotopic composition. The detection limit for quantification was determined to be 4 ng L(-1) uranium in whole blood. The data reproduced within 1-5% RSD and an accuracy of 1-4%. In order to achieve a (235)U/(238)U ratio range of 0.00698-0.00752% with 99.7% confidence limit a minimum whole blood uranium concentration of 60 ng L: 1 was required. An additional 10 samples from a cohort of veterans exposed to DU in Gulf War I were analyzed with no knowledge of their medical history. The measured (235)U/(238)U ratios in the blood samples were used to identify the presence or absence of DU exposure within this patient group. C1 [Todorov, Todor I.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Xu, Hanna; Mullick, Florabel G.; Centeno, Jose A.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Infect Dis Sci, Div Biophys Toxicol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Ejnik, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. [Squibb, Katherine; McDiarmid, Melissa A.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Todorov, TI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Program, POB 25046,DFC,Bldg 20,MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ttodorov@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1039/b816058a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 400EF UT WOS:000262850100004 ER PT J AU McGrath, LJ van Riper, C Fontaine, JJ AF McGrath, Laura J. van Riper, Charles, III Fontaine, Joseph J. TI Flower power: tree flowering phenology as a settlement cue for migrating birds SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foraging; habitat selection; migration; phenology; stopover ID INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS; PATCHY ENVIRONMENT; BREEDING-SEASON; PREDATION; AVAILABILITY; STOPOVER; FOREST; COMPETITION; DECISIONS; ISOTOPES AB Neotropical migrant birds show a clear preference for stopover habitats with ample food supplies; yet, the proximate cues underlying these decisions remain unclear. For insectivorous migrants, cues associated with vegetative phenology (e.g. flowering, leaf flush, and leaf loss) may reliably predict the availability of herbivorous arthropods. Here we examined whether migrants use the phenology of five tree species to choose stopover locations, and whether phenology accurately predicts food availability. Using a combination of experimental and observational evidence, we show migrant populations closely track tree phenology, particularly the flowering phenology of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), and preferentially forage in trees with more flowers. Furthermore, the flowering phenology of honey mesquite reliably predicts overall arthropod abundance as well as the arthropods preferred by migrants for food. Together, these results suggest that honey mesquite flowering phenology is an important cue used by migrants to assess food availability quickly and reliably, while in transit during spring migration. C1 [McGrath, Laura J.; van Riper, Charles, III; Fontaine, Joseph J.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McGrath, Laura J.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Fontaine, JJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM fontaine.joseph@gmail.com RI Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010 OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156 FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank K. Decker, G. Johnson, C. Kirkpatrick, A. Chalfoun, M. Kearsley, S. Skagen, V. Salewski and an anonymous reviewer for comments and support, and numerous field assistants for their hard work. We also thank D. Gilbert, K. Blair, B. Zaun and M. Hawks with the US Fish and Wildlife Service and E. Sherbrooke with Univ. of Arizona for providing logistical support. This work was supported by funding to CVR from the US Geological Survey (SBSC and Invasive Species programs) and US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 78 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01464.x PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 382QP UT WOS:000261620800004 PM 18717741 ER PT J AU Zajicek, PW Weier, T Hardin, S Cassani, JR Mudrak, V AF Zajicek, Paul W. Weier, T. Hardin, S. Cassani, J. R. Mudrak, V. TI A Triploid Grass Carp Risk Analysis Specific to Florida SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic macrophytes; biological control; Ctenopharyngodan idella; fluridone resistance; Hydrilla verticillata; risk analysis ID CTENOPHARYNGODON-IDELLA; SOUTH-CAROLINA; RESERVOIRS; HYDRILLA; MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENT; LAKES AB Three hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) biotypes are resistant to fluridone, the principal herbicide used in Florida. Because of an anticipated demand for triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a risk analysis was conducted to examine the use of triploid grass carp to control hydrilla in large (>200 ha), open systems in Florida. An expert panel utilized the Generic Nonindigenous Aquatic Organisms Risk Analysis Review Process developed by the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force to assess five hydrilla management options. Specifically, the panel assessed the risk of (1) eliminating all vegetation for three years or more; or (2) vegetation coverage exceeding 50% for five consecutive years. Herbicide application, followed by stocking low levels of triploid grass carp and subsequent herbicide treatment, was considered to be a lower risk option to achieve hydrilla management objectives. The expert panel emphasized the necessity of implementing well-supported system management and monitoring and determining stocking rates on a lake-by-lake basis. C1 [Zajicek, Paul W.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Aquaculture Div, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA. [Hardin, S.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Cassani, J. R.] Lee Cty Hyacinth Control Dist, Ft Myers, FL 33906 USA. [Mudrak, V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Technol Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. RP Zajicek, PW (reprint author), Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Aquaculture Div, 1203 Governors Sq Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA. EM zajicep@doacs.state.fl.us RI Oldham, Tina Marie Weier/E-4779-2015 OI Oldham, Tina Marie Weier/0000-0002-8994-0052 FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection; Bureau of Invasive Plant Management; Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Aquaculture FX Funding for this work was provided by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Invasive Plant Management, and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Aquaculture. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 447EG UT WOS:000266173800002 ER PT J AU Schamber, JL Esler, D Flint, PL AF Schamber, Jason L. Esler, Daniel Flint, Paul L. TI Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION; NUTRIENT RESERVES; NORTHERN PINTAILS; BREEDING-SEASON; FEMALE MALLARDS; WINTER SURVIVAL; CONDITION-BIAS; CLUTCH SIZE; SNOW GEESE; BIRDS AB Condition indices are commonly used in an attempt to link body condition of birds to ecological variables of interest, including demographic attributes such as survival and reproduction. Most indices are based on body mass adjusted for structural body size, calculated as simple ratios or residuals from regressions. However, condition indices are often applied without confirming their predictive value (i.e., without being validated against measured values of fat and protein), which we term 'unverified' use. We evaluated the ability of a number of unverified indices frequently found in the literature to predict absolute and proportional levels of fat and protein across five species of waterfowl. Among indices we considered, those accounting for body size never predicted absolute protein more precisely than body mass, however, some indices improved predictability of fat, although the form of the best index varied by species. Further, the gain in precision by using a condition index to predict either absolute or percent fat was minimal (rise in r(2)<= 0.13), and in many cases model fit was actually reduced. Our data agrees with previous assertions that the assumption that indices provide more precise indicators of body condition than body mass alone is often invalid. We strongly discourage the use of unverified indices, because subjectively selecting indices likely does little to improve precision and might in fact decrease predictability relative to using body mass alone. C1 [Schamber, Jason L.; Flint, Paul L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Esler, Daniel] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. RP Schamber, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jschamber@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Alaska Science Center and Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX We thank the numerous lab and field technicians that helped collect and process the data used in this manuscript. We also thank G. A. Baldassarre for planting the seeds of uncertainty that ultimately led us to explore these issues. G. A. Baldassarre, D. V. Derksen, T. F. Fondell, A. J. Green and J. S. Sedinger provided critical review of this manuscript. The U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center and Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council provided funds for the bird collections and subsequent lab analyses. NR 41 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 40 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04462.x PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 394UM UT WOS:000262475900007 ER PT J AU Larsen, MC Webb, RMT AF Larsen, Matthew C. Webb, Richard M. T. TI Potential Effects of Runoff, Fluvial Sediment, and Nutrient Discharges on the Coral Reefs of Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Anthropogenic disturbance; degradation; fluvial sediment ID MARINE ECOLOGY; HURRICANE HUGO; CARIBBEAN SEA; SHELF; DISEASE; EUTROPHICATION; ENVIRONMENT; LANDSLIDES; ECOSYSTEMS; WATERSHEDS AB Coral reefs, the foundation and primary structure of many highly productive and diverse tropical marine ecosystems, have been degraded by human activity in much of the earth's tropical oceans. To contribute to improved understanding of this problem, the potential relation between river sediment and nutrient discharges and degradation of coral reefs surrounding Puerto Rico was studied using streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water-quality data. Mean annual runoff for the 8711 km(2) island is 911 mm, about 57% of mean annual precipitation (1600 mm). Mean annual suspended-sediment discharge from Puerto Rico to coastal waters is estimated at 2.7-9.0 million metric tonnes. Storm runoff transports a substantial part of sediment: the highest recorded daily sediment discharge is 1-3.6 times the mean annual sediment discharge. Hurricane Georges (1998) distributed an average of 300 mm of rain across the island, equivalent to a volume of about 2.6 billion m(3). Runoff of more than 1.0 billion m(3) of water and as much as 5 to 10 million metric tonnes of sediment were discharged to the coast and shelf. Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in river waters are as much as 10 times the estimated presettlement levels. Fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus concentrations in many Puerto Rico rivers are near or above regulatory limits. Unlike sediment discharges, which are predominantly episodic and intense, river-borne nutrient and fecal discharge is a less-intense but chronic stressor to coral reefs found near the mouths of rivers. Negative effects of river-derived sediment and nutrient discharge on coral reef's are especially pronounced on the north, southwest, and west coasts. C1 [Larsen, Matthew C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 436, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Webb, Richard M. T.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Larsen, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 436, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mclarsen@usgs.gov; rmwebb@usgs.gov FU USGS WEBB project; Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources FX The USGS WEBB project (LARSEN et al., 1993) and the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources provided funding for this study. Virginia Garrison, USGS, and David M. Bush, University of Southwest Georgia, provided reviews and helpful suggestions. This work was improved by the contributions of Andrew G. Warne (WARNE et al., 2005) who passed away in 2002. His enthusiasm, scientific discipline, and dedication are greatly missed. NR 92 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 28 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 189 EP 208 DI 10.2112/07-0920.1 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 397YS UT WOS:000262698900016 ER PT J AU Barnard, PL Erikson, LH Hansen, JE AF Barnard, P. L. Erikson, L. H. Hansen, J. E. TI Monitoring and Modeling Shoreline Response Due to Shoreface Nourishment on a High-Energy Coast SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Coastal Symposium (ICS 2009) CY APR 13-18, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Coastal Educ Res Fdn, Ctr Estud Geograf Planeament Reg, Univ Nova Lisbon, Fac Cienc Soc Humanas DE Beaches; Shorelines; Modeling; Shoreface Nourishment AB Shoreface nourishment can be an efficient technique to feed sediment into the littoral zone without the order of magnitude cost increase incurred by directly nourishing the beach. An erosion hot spot at Ocean Beach in San Francisco, California, USA, threatens valuable public infrastructure as well as safe recreational use of the beach. In an effort to reduce the erosion at this location, a new beneficial reuse plan was implemented in May 2005 for the sediment dredged annually from the main shipping channel at the mouth of San Francisco Bay. From 2005 to 2007, approximately 230,000 m(3) of sand was placed annually at depths between 9 and 14 m, in a location where strong tidal currents and open-ocean waves could potentially feed sediment onto the section of beach experiencing critical erosion. The evolution of the disposal mound and adjacent beach were monitored with 12 multibeam bathymetric surveys, and over 40 high-resolution beach topographic surveys. In addition, sediment transport processes were investigated using sediment grab samples, acoustic Doppler profilers, and two separate models: a cross-shore profile model (UNIBEST-TC) and a coastal area model (Delft3D). The results of the monitoring and modeling demonstrate that the disposal mound may be effective in dissipating wave energy striking this vulnerable stretch of coast with negligible shadowing effects, but a positive shoreline response can only be achieved by placing the sediment in water depths less than 5 m. C1 [Barnard, P. L.; Erikson, L. H.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Hansen, J. E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM pbarnard@usgs.gov RI Hansen, Jeff/H-9350-2014 OI Hansen, Jeff/0000-0002-8882-3866 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PY 2009 SI 56 BP 29 EP 33 PN 1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 454YW UT WOS:000266722300008 ER PT J AU Dallas, KL Barnard, PL AF Dallas, K. L. Barnard, P. L. TI Linking Human Impacts within an Estuary to Ebb-tidal Delta Evolution SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Coastal Symposium (ICS 2009) CY APR 13-18, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Coastal Educ Res Fdn, Ctr Estud Geograf Planeament Reg, Univ Nova Lisbon, Fac Cienc Soc Humanas DE San Francisco Bay; San Francisco Bar; long-term changes; bathymetry; sedimentation; erosion ID SEDIMENT AB San Francisco Bay, California, USA is among the most anthropogenically altered estuaries in the entire United States, but the impact on sediment transport to the coastal ocean has not been quantified. Analysis of four historic bathymetric surveys has revealed large changes to the morphology of the San Francisco Bar, an ebb-tidal delta at the mouth of the San Francisco Bay. From 1873 to 2005 the bar eroded an average of 80 cm, which equates to a total volume loss of 100 +/- 65 x 10(6) m(3) of sediment. Comparison of the surveys indicates the entire ebb delta has contracted radially while its crest has moved landward an average of 1 km. Compilation of historic records reveals that 130 x 10(6) m(3) of sediment has been permanently removed from the San Francisco Bay and adjacent coastal ocean. Constriction of the bar is hypothesized to be from a decrease in sediment supply from San Francisco Bay, a reduction in the tidal prism of the estuary, and/or a reduction in the input of hydraulic mining debris. Changes to the morphology of the San Francisco Bar have likely altered wave refraction and focusing patterns on adjacent beaches and may be a factor in persistent beach erosion occurring in the area. C1 [Dallas, K. L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Barnard, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Dallas, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM kldallas@usgs.gov; pbarnard@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PY 2009 SI 56 BP 713 EP 716 PN 1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 454YW UT WOS:000266722300148 ER PT J AU Elias, EPL Barnard, PL Brocatus, J AF Elias, E. P. L. Barnard, P. L. Brocatus, J. TI Littoral Transport Rates in the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell: A Process-Based Model Analysis SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Coastal Symposium (ICS 2009) CY APR 13-18, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Coastal Educ Res Fdn, Ctr Estud Geograf Planeament Reg, Univ Nova Lisbon, Fac Cienc Soc Humanas DE numerical modeling; sediment transport; coastal processes ID CURRENTS AB Identification of the sediment transport patterns and pathways is essential for sustainable coastal zone management of the heavily modified coastline of Santa Barbara and Ventura County (California, USA). A process-based model application, based on Delft3D Online Morphology, is used to investigate the littoral transport potential along the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell (between Point Conception and Mugu Canyon). An advanced optimalization procedure is applied to enable annual sediment transport computations by reducing the ocean wave climate in 10 wave height - direction classes. Modeled littoral transport rates compare well with observed dredging volumes, and erosion or sedimentation hotspots coincide with the modeled divergence and convergence of the transport gradients. Sediment transport rates are strongly dependant on the alongshore variation in wave height due to wave sheltering, diffraction and focusing by the Northern Channel Islands, and the local orientation of the geologically-controlled coastline. Local transport gradients exceed the net eastward littoral transport, and are considered a primary driver for hot-spot erosion. C1 [Elias, E. P. L.; Brocatus, J.] Deltares, Marine & Coastal Management, NL-2629 DH Delft, Netherlands. [Elias, E. P. L.; Barnard, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Elias, EPL (reprint author), Deltares, Marine & Coastal Management, NL-2629 DH Delft, Netherlands. EM edwin.elias@deltares.nl; pbarnard@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PY 2009 SI 56 BP 947 EP 951 PN 2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 454YX UT WOS:000266722400008 ER PT J AU Pape, L Plant, NG Ruessink, BG AF Pape, L. Plant, N. G. Ruessink, B. G. TI Cross-shore sandbar response to waves SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Coastal Symposium (ICS 2009) CY APR 13-18, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Coastal Educ Res Fdn, Ctr Estud Geograf Planeament Reg, Univ Nova Lisbon, Fac Cienc Soc Humanas DE Argus; Breakpoint hypothesis; Predictabiliy; Response time ID SURF ZONES; BEACHES; BEHAVIOR; ARGUS; COAST AB The location of submerged sandbars in the nearshore zone changes over time in response to changes in wave conditions. Here, cross-shore sandbar migration is studied with the help of an empirical model consisting of a differential equation relating cross-shore sandbar dynamics to wave forcing. Model parameters are fitted to several datasets containing multiple years of daily-observed positions of five sandbars at three field sites. We find that for breaking waves a sandbar moves toward a wave height dependent cross-shore location. For nonbreaking waves, however, a sandbar moves away from such a nodal point, implying that the submerged beach profile evolves toward a state without a sandbar during those conditions. Incorporating a wave height dependent response time proves to be beneficial for the prediction skill of our model. Response times further depend on the integration step size, and can differ up to a factor three for different sandbars at a particular field location, and a factor ten between sandbars at different locations. C1 [Pape, L.; Ruessink, B. G.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, Fac Geosci, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Plant, N. G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Pape, L (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, Fac Geosci, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. EM l.pape@geo.uu.nl; nplant@usgs.gov; g.ruessink@geo.uu.nl OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PY 2009 SI 56 BP 1030 EP 1034 PN 2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 454YX UT WOS:000266722400025 ER PT J AU Hansen, JE Barnard, PL AF Hansen, J. E. Barnard, P. L. TI The Observed Relationship Between Wave Conditions and Beach Response, Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Coastal Symposium (ICS 2009) CY APR 13-18, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Coastal Educ Res Fdn, Ctr Estud Geograf Planeament Reg, Univ Nova Lisbon, Fac Cienc Soc Humanas DE Beaches; Storm Response; Shorelines; Wave Conditions ID MORPHOLOGY; EROSION; MODEL AB Understanding how sandy beaches respond to storms is critical for effective sediment management and developing successful erosion mitigation efforts. However, only limited progress has been made in relating observed beach changes to wave conditions, with one of the major limiting factors being the lack of temporally dense beach topography and nearshore wave data in most studies. This study uses temporally dense beach topographic and offshore wave data to directly link beach response and wave forcing with generally good results. Ocean Beach is an open coast high-energy sandy beach located in San Francisco, CA, USA. From April 2004 through the end of 2008, 60 three-dimensional topographic beach surveys were conducted on approximately a monthly basis, with more frequent "short-term" surveys during the winters of 2005-06 and 2006-07. Shoreline position data from the short-term surveys show good correlation with offshore wave height, period, and direction averaged over several days prior to the survey (mean R(2)=0.54 for entire beach). There is, however, considerable alongshore variation in model performance, with R(2) values ranging from 0.81 to 0.19 for individual sections of the beach. After wave height, the direction of wave approach was the most important factor in determining the response of the shoreline, followed by wave period. Our results indicate that an empirical predictive model of beach response to wave conditions at Ocean Beach is possible with frequent beach mapping and wave data, and that such a model could be useful to coastal managers. C1 [Hansen, J. E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Barnard, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Hansen, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jeff_hansen@usgs.gov; pbamard@usgs.gov RI Hansen, Jeff/H-9350-2014 OI Hansen, Jeff/0000-0002-8882-3866 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PY 2009 SI 56 BP 1771 EP 1775 PN 2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 454YX UT WOS:000266722400176 ER PT J AU Scasserra, G Stewart, JP Kayen, RE Lanzo, G AF Scasserra, Giuseppe Stewart, Jonathan P. Kayen, Robert E. Lanzo, Giuseppe TI Database for Earthquake Strong Motion Studies in Italy SO JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Strong Motion; Database; Ground Motion Prediction Equations; Geophysics; Data Processing ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; GROUND-MOTION; RESPONSE SPECTRA; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; NGA PROJECT; MODEL; ACCELERATION; CALIFORNIA; RECORDS; PERIODS AB We describe an Italian database of strong ground motion recordings and databanks delineating conditions at the instrument sites and characteristics of the seismic sources. The strong motion database consists of 247 corrected recordings from 89 earthquakes and 101 recording stations. Uncorrected recordings were drawn from public web sites and processed on a record-by-record basis using a procedure utilized in the Next-Generation Attenuation (NGA) project to remove instrument resonances, minimize noise effects through low- and high-pass filtering, and baseline correction. The number of available uncorrected recordings was reduced by 52% (mostly because of s-triggers) to arrive at the 247 recordings in the database. The site databank includes for every recording site the surface geology, a measurement or estimate of average shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m (Vs30), and information on instrument housing. Of the 89 sites, 39 have on-site velocity measurements (17 of which were performed as part of this study using SASW techniques). For remaining sites, we estimate Vs30 based on measurements on similar geologic conditions where available. Where no local velocity measurements are available, correlations with surface geology are used. Source parameters are drawn from databanks maintained (and recently updated) by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and include hypocenter location and magnitude for small events (M 5.5) and finite source parameters for larger events. C1 [Scasserra, Giuseppe; Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kayen, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Scasserra, Giuseppe; Lanzo, Giuseppe] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dip Ing Strutturale & Geotecn, Rome, Italy. RP Stewart, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5731 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jstewart@seas.ucla.edu RI Lanzo, Giuseppe/B-1181-2010 FU National Science Foundation [EEC-9701568]; Ministero dell'Universita' e della Ricerca (MIUR) FX The strong motion data processing and SASW site characterization work was sponsored by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center's Program of Applied Earthquake Engineering Research of Lifeline Systems supported by the State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission and the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. This work made use of Earthquake Engineering Research Centers Shared Facilities supported by the National Science Foundation under Award # EEC-9701568. In addition, the support of the California Department of Transportation's PEARL program is acknowledged. he SASW campaign was also partially funded by Ministero dell'Universita' e della Ricerca (MIUR). We would like to thank Drs. Paolo Bazzurro, John Douglas, Julian Bommer, Roberto Paolucci, and Pierre-Yves Bard for their helpful suggestions about optimal locations for site characterization. Sebastiano Foti is thanked for his critical review of the SASW data compiled during this study. We also would like to tank Drs. Raniero Berardi and Dario Rinaldis for making available useful information on the ENEL and ENEA data respectively. Alisa F. Stewart is thanked for preparing Figure 1. Two anonymous reviewers of this manuscript are thanked for their helpful comments. NR 62 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1363-2469 J9 J EARTHQ ENG JI J. Earthqu. Eng. PY 2009 VL 13 IS 6 BP 852 EP 881 AR PII 913169378 DI 10.1080/13632460802566997 PG 30 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 471CU UT WOS:000268033100006 ER PT J AU Cherry, JA McKee, KL Grace, JB AF Cherry, Julia A. McKee, Karen L. Grace, James B. TI Elevated CO2 enhances biological contributions to elevation change in coastal wetlands by offsetting stressors associated with sea-level rise SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brackish marsh; C-3 species; C-4 species; elevation change; elevated atmospheric CO2; flooding stress; salinity stress; Schoenoplectus americanus; Spartina patens; structural equation modelling ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SALT-MARSH; BELOWGROUND PRODUCTION; SURFACE ELEVATION; ESTUARINE MARSH; GROWTH; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; SALINITY; PLANTS AB 1. Sea-level rise, one indirect consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2, poses a major challenge to long-term stability of coastal wetlands. An important question is whether direct effects of elevated CO2 on the capacity of marsh plants to accrete organic material and to maintain surface elevations outweigh indirect negative effects of stressors associated with sea-level rise (salinity and flooding). 2. In this study, we used a mesocosm approach to examine potential direct and indirect effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration, salinity and flooding on elevation change in a brackish marsh community dominated by a C-3 species, Schoenoplectus americanus, and a C-4 grass, Spartina patens. This experimental design permitted identification of mechanisms and their role in controlling elevation change, and the development of models that can be tested in the field. 3. To test hypotheses related to CO2 and sea-level rise, we used conventional ANOVA procedures in conjunction with structural equation modelling (SEM). SEM explained 78% of the variability in elevation change and showed the direct, positive effect of S. americanus production on elevation. The SEM indicated that C-3 plant response was influenced by interactive effects between CO2 and salinity on plant growth, not a direct CO2 fertilization effect. Elevated CO2 ameliorated negative effects of salinity on S. americanus and enhanced biomass contribution to elevation. 4. The positive relationship between S. americanus production and elevation change can be explained by shoot-base expansion under elevated CO2 conditions, which led to vertical soil displacement. While the response of this species may differ under other environmental conditions, shoot-base expansion and the general contribution of C-3 plant production to elevation change may be an important mechanism contributing to soil expansion and elevation gain in other coastal wetlands. 5. Synthesis. Our results revealed previously unrecognized interactions and mechanisms contributing to marsh elevation change, including amelioration of salt stress by elevated CO2 and the importance of plant production and shoot-base expansion for elevation gain. Identification of biological processes contributing to elevation change is an important first step in developing comprehensive models that permit more accurate predictions of whether coastal marshes will persist with continued sea-level rise or become submerged. C1 [Cherry, Julia A.] Univ Alabama, Dept New Coll, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Cherry, Julia A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [McKee, Karen L.; Grace, James B.] USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Cherry, JA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept New Coll, Box 870206, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM julia.cherry@ua.edu RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014 OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X FU The US Geological Survey Biological Resources Discipline Global Change Program FX Authors thank Andrea Anteau, Heather Baldwin, Thomas McGinnis, Ellen Travis, and William Vervaeke for assistance with data collection and maintenance of experimental treatments in the Wetland Elevated CO2 Experimental Facility. Authors appreciate the comments from Glenn Guntenspergen, Jay Hodgson, and two anonymous referees who improved the quality of this manuscript. The US Geological Survey Biological Resources Discipline Global Change Program provided financial support for this study. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 48 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 13 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 97 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01449.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 383PB UT WOS:000261684400010 ER PT J AU Ying, GG Kookana, RS Kolpin, DW AF Ying, Guang-Guo Kookana, Rai S. Kolpin, Dana W. TI Occurrence and removal of pharmaceutically active compounds in sewage treatment plants with different technologies SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; CLOFIBRIC ACID; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; MUSK FRAGRANCES; CONTRAST-MEDIA; RAINBOW-TROUT; DICLOFENAC AB Occurrence of eight selected pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs; caffeine, carbamazepine, triclosan, gemfibrozil, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen) were investigated in effluents from fifteen sewage treatment plants (STPs) across South Australia. In addition, a detailed investigation into the removal of these compounds was also carried out in four STPs with different technologies (Plant A: conventional activated sludge; plant B: two oxidation ditches; plant C: three bioreactors; and plant D: ten lagoons in series). The concentrations of these compounds in the effluents from the fifteen STPs showed substantial variations among the STPs, with their median concentrations ranging from 26 ng/L for caffeine to 710 ng/L for carbamazepine. Risk assessment based on the "worst case scenario'' of the monitoring data from the present study suggested potential toxic risks to aquatic organisms posed by carbamazepine, triclosan and diclofenac associated with such effluent discharge. With the exception of carbamazepine and gemfibrozil, significant concentration decreases between influent and effluent were observed in the four STPs studied in more detail. Biodegradation was found to be the main mechanism for removing concentrations from the liquid waste stream for the PhACs within the four STPs, while adsorption onto sludge appeared to be a minor process for all target PhACs except for triclosan. Some compounds (e.g. gemfibrozil) exhibited variable removal efficiencies within the four STPs. Plant D (10 lagoons in series) was least efficient in the removal of the target PhACs; significant biodegradation of these compounds only occurred from the sixth or seventh lagoon. C1 [Ying, Guang-Guo] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Organ Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Ying, Guang-Guo; Kookana, Rai S.] CSIRO Land & Water, Adelaide Lab, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. RP Ying, GG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Organ Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM guangguo.ying@gmail.com RI Ying, Guang-Guo/A-2670-2008; PRAZERES, KELLY/O-7715-2015; Kookana, Rai/A-5170-2012 OI Ying, Guang-Guo/0000-0002-3387-1078; Kookana, Rai/0000-0002-0477-3284 FU National Science Foundation of China [NSFC40688001, 40771180, 40821003] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the partial financial support from National Science Foundation of China (NSFC40688001, 40771180 and 40821003). We would also like to thank Mr R. TAO (Chinese Academy of Sciences) for his help in drawing the sewage treatment process flow charts. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This is contribution no. 1025 from GIGCAS. NR 54 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 69 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1498 EP 1505 DI 10.1039/b904548a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 480NC UT WOS:000268741100008 PM 19657534 ER PT J AU Haack, SK Duris, JW Fogarty, LR Kolpin, DW Focazio, MJ Furlong, ET Meyer, MT AF Haack, Sheridan K. Duris, Joseph W. Fogarty, Lisa R. Kolpin, Dana W. Focazio, Michael J. Furlong, Edward T. Meyer, Michael T. TI Comparing Wastewater Chemicals, Indicator Bacteria Concentrations, and Bacterial Pathogen Genes as Fecal Pollution Indicators SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SOURCE TRACKING; SENSITIVE METHOD; SURFACE PROTEIN; MULTIPLEX PCR; MEKONG DELTA; FRESH-WATER; CONTAMINATION; CAFFEINE; STRAINS AB The objective of this study was to compare fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli [EC], and enterococci [ENT]) concentrations with a wide array of typical organic wastewater chemicals and selected bacterial genes as indicators of fecal pollution in water samples collected at or near 18 surface water drinking water intakes. Genes tested included esp (indicating human-pathogenic ENT) and nine genes associated with various animal sources of shiga-toxin-producing EC (STEC). Fecal pollution was indicated by genes and/or chemicals for 14 of the IS tested samples, with little relation to FIB standards. Of 13 samples with <50 EC 100 mL(-1) human pharmaceuticals or chemical indicators of wastewater treatment plant effluent occurred in six, veterinary antibiotics were detected in three, and stx1 or stx2 genes (indicating varying animal sources of STEC) were detected in eight. Only the EC eaeA gene was positively correlated with FIB concentrations. Human-source fecal pollution was indicated by the esp gene and the human pharmaceutical carbamazepine in one of the nine samples that met all FIB recreational water quality standards. Escherichia coli rfb(O157), and stx2c genes, which are typically associated with cattle sources and are of potential human health significance, were detected in one sample in the absence of tested chemicals. Chemical and gene-based indicators of fecal contamination may be present even when FIB standards are met, and some may, unlike FIB, indicate potential sources. Application of multiple water quality indicators with variable environmental persistence and fare may yield greater confidence in fecal pollution assessment and may inform remediation decisions. C1 [Haack, Sheridan K.; Duris, Joseph W.] US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Focazio, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80255 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Haack, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6520 Mercantile Way,Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. EM skhaack@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Duris, Joseph/0000-0002-8669-8109; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX We thank Brenda Berlowski of the USGS National Wildlife Health Center in Madison, WI, for supplying E coli 0 1 57:H7 DNA; Nathan Shankar, Univ. of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, for providing Ent.faecalis E-53; and the STEC Center at Michigan State University for providing DNA for STEC strains B2F1, EH250, E145, and H18. We acknowledge the role in initial processing of the water samples by Cody Frasz and Nicole Frantz (Michigan State Univ.). We acknowledge the many USGS scientists and field technicians who provided assistance in site selection, collection, and processing of water samples. This project was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. In addition, we thank the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Drinking Water for their support of the larger study. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 248 EP 258 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0173 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 394WJ UT WOS:000262483500028 PM 19141815 ER PT J AU Phillips, CT Johnston, CE AF Phillips, C. T. Johnston, C. E. TI Evolution of acoustic signals in Cyprinella: degree of similarity in sister species SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cyprinella callisema; Cyprinella galactura; Cyprinella gibbsi; Cyprinella trichroistia; sound production ID GRASSHOPPER CHORTHIPPUS-BIGUTTULUS; SOUND PRODUCTION; SEXUAL SELECTION; NOTROPIS-ANALOSTANUS; MATE CHOICE; CYPRINIDAE; RECOGNITION; BEHAVIOR; SONG; COMMUNICATION AB Signal structure and behavioural context were examined in two sister species, the Tallapoosa shiner Cyprinella gibbsi and the tricolor shiner Cyprinella trichroistia, with two more distantly related species, the Ocmulgee shiner Cyprinella callisema and the whitetail shiner Cyprinella galactura, in order to test the hypothesis that more closely related species would share components of signals not shared with more distant relatives, and to look at the degree of divergence. The species examined differed in number and type of signal components, contexts and frequency under which calls were produced. While all species produced pulses arranged into pulse bursts, C. gibbsi and C. trichroistia shared unique call types, chirps and rattles, and C. galactura and C. callisema both produced the knock call type. The sister species shared more components of their call repertoire with each other than with the more distantly related C. galactura and C. callisema and clustered together based on courtship call similarity. C1 [Phillips, C. T.; Johnston, C. E.] Auburn Univ, Fish Biodivers Lab, Dept Fisheries, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Phillips, CT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM catherine_phillips@fws.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 74 IS 1 BP 120 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02118.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 395ID UT WOS:000262516900008 PM 20735528 ER PT J AU Lucas, LV Koseff, JR Monismith, SG Thompson, JK AF Lucas, L. V. Koseff, J. R. Monismith, S. G. Thompson, J. K. TI Shallow water processes govern system-wide phytoplankton bloom dynamics: A modeling study SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Phytoplankton; Estuary; USA; California; San Francisco Bay; Benthic grazing; Transport; Bathymetry ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; COASTAL-PLAIN ESTUARY; TOP-DOWN CONTROL; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SALINITY SIMULATIONS; PRODUCTIVITY; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT; BIOMASS AB A pseudo-two-dimensional numerical model of estuarine phytoplankton growth and consumption, vertical turbulent mixing, and idealized cross-estuary transport was developed and applied to South San Francisco Bay. This estuary has two bathymetrically distinct habitat types (deep channel, shallow shoal) and associated differences in local net rates of phytoplankton growth and consumption, as well as differences in the water column's tendency to stratify. Because many physical and biological time scales relevant to algal population dynamics decrease with decreasing depth, process rates can be especially fast in the shallow water. We used the model to explore the potential significance of hydrodynamic connectivity between a channel and shoal and whether lateral transport can allow physical or biological processes (e.g. stratification, benthic grazing, light attenuation) in one sub-region to control phytoplankton biomass and bloom development in the adjacent sub-region. Model results for South San Francisco Bay suggest that lateral transport from a productive shoal can result in phytoplankton biomass accumulation in an adjacent deep, unproductive channel. The model further suggests that turbidity and benthic grazing in the shoal can control the occurrence of a bloom system-wide; whereas, turbidity, benthic grazing, and vertical density stratification in the channel are likely to only control local bloom occurrence or modify system-wide bloom magnitude. Measurements from a related field program are generally consistent with model-derived conclusions. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lucas, L. V.; Thompson, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lucas, L. V.; Koseff, J. R.; Monismith, S. G.; Thompson, J. K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lucas, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM llucas@usgs.gov; koseff@stanford.edu; monismith@stanford.edu; jthompso@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 75 IS 1-2 BP 70 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.07.011 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 398SC UT WOS:000262750800006 ER PT J AU Oppel, S Powell, AN O'Brien, DM AF Oppel, Steffen Powell, Abby N. O'Brien, Diane M. TI Using eggshell membranes as a non-invasive tool to investigate the source of nutrients in avian eggs SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eggshell membrane; King eider; Nutrient allocation; Somateria spectabilis; Stable isotopes; Waterfowl ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; CAPITAL BREEDERS; INCOME DICHOTOMY; MIXING MODELS; BEAUFORT SEA; CARBON; BIRDS; SPECIALIZATION; SHOREBIRDS; EMBRYOS AB Development of minimally invasive techniques to collect nutritional information from free-living birds is desirable for both ethical and conservation reasons. Here, we explore the utility of waterfowl eggshell membranes to determine the nutrient source of egg formation by using stable isotope ratios. We compared delta(13)C and delta(15)N of membranes from complete king eider (Somateria spectabilis) eggs to membranes of hatched or depredated eggs of the same clutch remaining after incubation. Despite large variation among membranes (delta(13)C: -26 to -14%) we found a highly predictable relationship between delta(13)Cof complete egg membranes and remaining ( hatched or depredated) membranes from the same clutch. We did not find a consistent change in either delta(13)C or delta(15)N of eggshell membranes during incubation. We suggest that isotope ratios of membranes can be used to determine the source of exogenous nutrients for egg production in income breeders, and that membranes may offer a clutch-specific reference point for dietary nutrients ('income endpoint') in isotopic mixing models quantifying nutrient allocation in capital or mixed-strategy breeders. C1 [Oppel, Steffen] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.; O'Brien, Diane M.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Oppel, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 211 Irving 1, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM steffen.oppel@gmail.com RI O'Brien, Diane/B-2919-2010; OI O'Brien, Diane/0000-0001-5807-9661; Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X; Oppel, Steffen/0000-0002-8220-3789 FU University of Alaska Fairbanks [05-29] FX We thank the North Slope Borough, R. Suydam, N. Owen- Ashley, A. S. Kitaysky, and C. Latty for logistical support during fieldwork. Minerals Management Service and USGS OCS Program provided funding. J. Heathcote and J. Rogalla assisted in egg and membrane collection, and S. Sekine performed laboratory preparations of egg components. T. Howe and N. Haubenstock conducted the stable isotope analyses. We appreciate the comments of T. Larsen, E. Fraser, E. Murphy, and an anonymous reviewer on an earlier draft of the manuscript. The work described in this article was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Alaska Fairbanks under protocol # 05-29. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s10336-008-0325-7 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 379VR UT WOS:000261424800012 ER PT J AU Stevens, CH Stone, P AF Stevens, Calvin H. Stone, Paul TI NEW PERMIAN FUSULINIDS FROM CONGLOMERATE MESA, SOUTHEASTERN INYO MOUNTAINS, EAST-CENTRAL CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THRUST AB In the Conglomerate Mesa area in the southeastern Inyo Mountains, east-central California, a series of distinctive fusulinid assemblages ranging in age from late Artinskian to Kungurian or Roadian was developed in U flits 7-10 of the sedimentary rocks of Santa Rosa Fiat (part of the Owens Valley Group). The fauna Of Unit 7 shows some eastern Klamath Mountains affinity, but most of the species in unit 7 and the lower half of unit 8 are highly endemic and comprise three new genera with 12 new species, two unusual Unassigned forms, and two other new species assigned to previously described genera. New taxa include: Crenulosepta new genus with five new species, C inyoensis. C. delicata, C. fusiformis, C. rossi, and C. wahlmani; Nigribaccinus new genus with three new species, N. giganteus, N. elegans, and N.? nestelli: and the new genus Inyoschwagerina with four new species, I. magnifica, I. elayeri, I. elongata. and L? linderae. Cuniculinella Skinner and Wilde, 1965. is represented by one new species, C. parva, and Skinnerella Coogan, 1960 by one new species, S.? mcallisteri. Faullas from the tipper half Of Unit 8, Unit 9, and Unit 10 have a strong West Texas affinity. New species from these units are Skinnerella davydovi, S. hexagona, Parafusulina cerrogordoensis, P. complexa. P. halli, P. owensensis, and P. ubehebensis. C1 [Stevens, Calvin H.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Stone, Paul] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stevens, CH (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM stevens@geosun.sjsu.edu NR 47 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 83 IS 1 BP 9 EP 29 DI 10.1666/08-021R.1 PG 21 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 395XV UT WOS:000262557700002 ER PT J AU Dodson, SI Newman, AL Will-Wolf, S Alexander, ML Woodford, MP Egeren, S AF Dodson, Stanley I. Newman, Amy L. Will-Wolf, Susan Alexander, Mara L. Woodford, Michele P. Van Egeren, Scott TI The relationship between zooplankton community structure and lake characteristics in temperate lakes (Northern Wisconsin, USA) SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SPECIES RICHNESS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; LANDSCAPE POSITION; WOODY HABITAT; LAND-USE; CRUSTACEAN; DIVERSITY; DAPHNIA; ASSEMBLAGES; CONCORDANCE AB Zooplankton community structure can be affected by within-lake and by watershed ecological factors, including water chemistry (related to landscape position), lake morphology and human activity in the watershed. We hypothesized that all three groups of drivers would be correlated with zooplankton species richness and species composition for lakes in northern Wisconsin. Data collected from 52 lakes allowed us to explore the relationship of zooplankton community structure with ecological drivers. We found that crustacean zooplankton species richness was not significantly correlated with independent environmental variables derived from PCA ordination, nor with measures of community structure based on NMS ordination. However, species composition was correlated with environmental gradients. Larger zooplankton species (Daphnia pulicaria, Epischura lacustris, Skistodiaptomus oregonensis, Mesocyclops americanus) occurred in large and deep lakes low in the landscape gradient, whereas the smaller species Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia retrocurva and Leptodiaptomus minutus tended to occur high in the landscape. This shift in species composition was correlated with increased conductivity, primary productivity and the hypolimnetic refuges characteristic of larger deeper lakes lower in the landscape. Riparian housing development and littoral zone habitat (measured as building density and by abundance of logs in littoral zones) were not correlated with zooplankton community structure. In these relatively low-impact lakes, natural drivers are still the most significant determinants of zooplankton community structure. C1 [Dodson, Stanley I.; Newman, Amy L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Will-Wolf, Susan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Alexander, Mara L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Alexander, Mara L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Limnol & Marine Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Woodford, Michele P.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Van Egeren, Scott] Gaylord Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53707 USA. RP Dodson, SI (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, 430 Lincoln Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sidodson@wisc.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0083545]; NSF LTER [144-GB07] FX This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement no. DEB-0083545 and NSF LTER grant number 144-GB07. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 EI 1464-3774 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 31 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbn095 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 383OG UT WOS:000261682300007 ER PT J AU Jennelle, CS Samuel, MD Nolden, CA Keane, DP Barr, DJ Johnson, C Vanderloo, JP Aiken, JM Hamir, AN Hoover, EA AF Jennelle, Christopher S. Samuel, Michael D. Nolden, Cherrie A. Keane, Delwyn P. Barr, Daniel J. Johnson, Chad Vanderloo, Joshua P. Aiken, Judd M. Hamir, Amir N. Hoover, Edward A. TI Surveillance for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy in Scavengers of White-Tailed Deer Carcasses in the Chronic Wasting Disease Area of Wisconsin SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; PRION PROTEIN; MINK ENCEPHALOPATHY; SCRAPIE; AGENT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INOCULATION AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a class of neurodegenerative transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) occurring in cervids, is found in a number of states and provinces across North America. Misfolded prions, the infectious agents of CWD, are deposited in the environment via carcass remains and excreta, and pose a threat of cross-species transmission. In this study tissues were tested from 812 representative mammalian scavengers, collected in the CWD-affected area of Wisconsin, for TSE infection using the IDEXX HerdChek enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Only four of the collected mammals tested positive using the ELISA, but these were negative when tested by Western blot. While our sample sizes permitted high probabilities of detecting TSE assuming 1% population prevalence in several common scavengers (93%, 87%, and 87% for raccoons, opossums, and coyotes, respectively), insufficient sample sizes for other species precluded similar conclusions. One cannot rule out successful cross-species TSE transmission to scavengers, but the results suggest that such transmission is not frequent in the CWD-affected area of Wisconsin. The need for further surveillance of scavenger species, especially those known to be susceptible to TSE (e.g., cat, American mink, raccoon), is highlighted in both a field and laboratory setting. C1 [Jennelle, Christopher S.; Nolden, Cherrie A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Keane, Delwyn P.; Barr, Daniel J.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Johnson, Chad; Vanderloo, Joshua P.; Aiken, Judd M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Hlth & Biomed Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hamir, Amir N.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Hoover, Edward A.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Jennelle, CS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jennelle@wisc.edu NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2009 VL 72 IS 17-18 BP 1018 EP 1024 AR PII 914078891 DI 10.1080/15287390903084249 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 485SL UT WOS:000269144100005 PM 19697235 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DJ Henny, CJ Hill, EF Grove, RA Kaiser, JL Stebbins, KR AF Hoffman, David J. Henny, Charles J. Hill, Elwood F. Grove, Robert A. Kaiser, James L. Stebbins, Katherine R. TI Mercury and Drought Along the Lower Carson River, Nevada: III. Effects on Blood and Organ Biochemistry and Histopathology of Snowy Egrets and Black-Crowned Night-Herons on Lahontan Reservoir, 2002-2006 SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID LOONS GAVIA-IMMER; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GREAT EGRET; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; IMMUNE FUNCTION; WADING BIRDS; FEATHERS; USA AB A 10-year study (1997-2006) was conducted to evaluate reproduction and health of aquatic birds in the Carson River Basin of northwestern Nevada (on the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Natural Priorities List) due to high mercury (Hg) concentrations from past mining activities. This part of the study evaluated physiological associations with blood Hg in young snowy egrets (Egretta thula) and black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax), and organ biochemistry and histopathological effects in snowy egrets on Lahontan Reservoir (LR) from the period 2002-2006. LR snowy egret geometric mean total Hg concentrations (mu g/g ww) ranged from 1.5 to 4.8 for blood, 2.4 to 3.1 liver, 1.8 to 2.5 kidneys, 1.7 to 2.4 brain, and 20.5 to 36.4 feathers over these years. For night-herons, mean Hg for blood ranged from 1.6 to 7.4. Significant positive correlations were found between total Hg in blood and five plasma enzyme activities of snowy egrets suggesting hepatic stress. Histopathological findings revealed vacuolar changes in hepatocytes in LR snowy egrets as well as correlation of increased liver inflammation with increasing blood and tissue Hg. Hepatic oxidative effects were manifested by decreased hepatic total thiol concentration and glutathione reductase activity and elevated hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive subatances (TBARS), a measure of lipid peroxidation. However, other hepatic changes indicated compensatory mechanisms in response to oxidative stress, including decreased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentration and decreased ratio of GSSG to reduced glutathione. In young black-crowned night-herons, fewer correlations were apparent. In both species, positive correlations between blood total Hg and plasma uric acid and inorganic phosphorus were suggestive of renal stress, which was supported by histopathological findings. Both oxidative effects and adaptive responses to oxidative stress were apparent in kidneys and brain. Vacuolar change and inflammation in peripheral nerves were found to correlate with blood and tissue Hg. Hg-associated effects related to the immune system included alterations in specific white blood cells and lymphoid depletion in the bursa that were correlated with blood and tissue Hg. When the number of plasma variables that differed between young snowy egrets from the LR site and the reference site were compared between wet and drought years, over twice as many variables were affected during drought years. This resulted in many more variables correlating with blood total Hg during dry than during wet years, suggesting the combination of drought and Hg was more stressful than Hg alone. Drought may have exacerbated Hg-related effects as reported previously for overall productivity. This relationship was not evident in black-crowned night-herons, although data were more limited. C1 [Hoffman, David J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Henny, Charles J.; Grove, Robert A.; Kaiser, James L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Hoffman, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E,Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david_hoffman@usgs.gov FU U. S. EPA FX U. S. EPA, which partially funded this study. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2009 VL 72 IS 20 BP 1223 EP 1241 DI 10.1080/15287390903129218 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 514ZF UT WOS:000271434800004 PM 20077191 ER PT J AU Grove, RA Henny, CJ Kaiser, JL AF Grove, Robert A. Henny, Charles J. Kaiser, James L. TI Osprey: Worldwide Sentinel Species for Assessing and Monitoring Environmental Contamination in Rivers, Lakes, Reservoirs, and Estuaries SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; FISH-EATING BIRDS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; PANDION-HALIAETUS; GREAT-LAKES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS AB In the United States, many fish and wildlife species have been used nationwide to monitor environmental contaminant exposure and effects, including carcasses of the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), the only top avian predator regularly used in the past. Unfortunately, bald eagles are sensitive to investigator intrusion at the nest. Thus, the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is evaluated as a potential sentinel species for aquatic ecosystems. Several characteristics support the choice of the osprey as a sentinel species, including: (1) fish-eating diet atop the aquatic food web, (2) long-lived with strong nest fidelity, (3) adapts to human landscapes (potentially the most contaminated), (4) tolerates short-term nest disturbance, (5) nests spatially distributed at regular intervals, (6) highly visible nests easily located for study, (7) ability to accumulate most, if not all, lipophilic contaminants, (8) known sensitivity to many contaminants, and (9) nearly a worldwide distribution. These osprey traits have been instrumental in successfully using the species to understand population distribution, abundance, and changes over time; the effects of various contaminants on reproductive success; how contaminants in prey (fish on biomass basis) contribute to egg concentrations (i.e., biomagnification factors); and spatial residue patterns. Data summarized include nesting population surveys, detailed nesting studies, and chemical analyses of osprey egg, organ, blood, and feather samples for contaminants that bioaccumulate and/or biomagnify in aquatic food webs; and biochemical evaluations of blood and various organs. Studies in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Europe, and elsewhere have shown the osprey to be a useful sentinel species for monitoring selected environmental contaminants, including some emerging contaminants in lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and estuaries. C1 [Grove, Robert A.; Henny, Charles J.; Kaiser, James L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Grove, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM robert_a_grove@usgs.gov NR 171 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 37 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 EI 1521-6950 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 1 BP 25 EP 44 AR PII 907308032 DI 10.1080/10937400802545078 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 389ZF UT WOS:000262133400002 PM 19117208 ER PT J AU Whitman, RL Przybyla-Kelly, K Shively, DA Nevers, MB Byappanahalli, MN AF Whitman, Richard L. Przybyla-Kelly, Katarzyna Shively, Dawn A. Nevers, Meredith B. Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. TI Hand-mouth transfer and potential for exposure to E. coli and F+ coliphage in beach sand, Chicago, Illinois SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE beach sand; coliphage; Escherichia coli; hand to mouth transfer; recreational waters; risk assessment ID RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COASTAL WATERS; BACTERIA; SEDIMENTS; INDICATORS; CAMPYLOBACTERS; SALMONELLAE; CALIFORNIA; ILLNESS AB Beach sand contains fecal indicator bacteria, often in densities greatly exceeding the adjacent swimming waters. We examined the transferability of Escherichia coli and F+ coliphage (MS2) from beach sand to hands in order to estimate the potential subsequent health risk. Sand with high initial E. coli concentrations was collected from a Chicago beach. Individuals manipulated the sand for 60 seconds, and rinse water was analysed for E. coli and coliphage. E. coli densities transferred were correlated with density in sand rather than surface area of an individual's hand, and the amount of coliphage transferred from seeded sand was different among individuals. In sequential rinsing, percentage reduction was 92% for E. coli and 98% for coliphage. Using dose-response estimates developed for swimming water, it was determined that the number of individuals per thousand that would develop gastrointestinal symptoms would be 11 if all E. coli on the fingertip were ingested or 33 if all E. coli on the hand were ingested. These results suggest that beach sand may be an important medium for microbial exposure; bacteria transfer is related to initial concentration in the sand; and rinsing may be effective in limiting oral exposure to sand-borne microbes of human concern. C1 [Whitman, Richard L.; Przybyla-Kelly, Katarzyna; Shively, Dawn A.; Nevers, Meredith B.; Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Whitman, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM rwhitman@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734; Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2009 VL 7 IS 4 BP 623 EP 629 DI 10.2166/wh.2009.115 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 535JA UT WOS:000272963200009 PM 19590129 ER PT J AU Cole, GA Thomas, NJ Spalding, M Stroud, R Urbanek, RP Hartup, BK AF Cole, Gretchen A. Thomas, Nancy J. Spalding, Marilyn Stroud, Richard Urbanek, Richard P. Hartup, Barry K. TI POSTMORTEM EVALUATION OF REINTRODUCED MIGRATORY WHOOPING CRANES IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bobeat; Grus americana; gunshot; Lynx rufus; predation; trauma; utility line; Whooping Crane ID DISSEMINATED VISCERAL COCCIDIOSIS; GRUS-AMERICANA; GOLDEN EAGLE; VIRUS; SANDHILL AB Reintroduction of endangered Whooping Granes (Grus americana) in eastern North America has successfully established a migratory population between Wisconsin and Florida. Eighty birds (47 males, 33 females) were released between 2001 and 2006, and all birds were tracked following release with satellite and/or VHF monitoring devices. By the end of 2006, 1.7 deaths (12 males, five females) were recorded from this population. Postmoretem findings and field data were evaluated for each bird to determine the cause of death. Causes included predation (n=8, 47%), trauma (n=2, 12%), and degenerative disease (n = 1, 6%); the cause or death was undetermined for 35% (n=6) of the birds. Based oil physical evidence, the primary predator of the birds was the bobcat (Lynx rufus). Limited roosting habitat availability or bird behavior were likely prime factors in the occurrence of predation. Traumatic injuries and mortality, were caused by gunshot, electrical utility lines, and an unknown source. The lone case of degenerative disease was due to chronic exertional myopathy associated with translocation. Available postmortem testing did not indicate the presence of infectious disease in this limited sample. C1 [Cole, Gretchen A.; Hartup, Barry K.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Surg Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Thomas, Nancy J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Spalding, Marilyn] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Stroud, Richard] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Urbanek, Richard P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Necedah, WI 54646 USA. [Hartup, Barry K.] Int Crane Fdn, Baraboo, WI 53913 USA. RP Hartup, BK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Surg Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hartup@savingcranes.org FU Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership FX We especially thank S. Zimorski, L. Fondow, and all interns and employees of various Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership operational field teams for assistance with this project. We also thank all office and technical Support at the three pathology laboratories, including pathologists D. Green, C. Meteyer, and V. Shearn-Boschler for their professional contributions. This project would not have been possible without the continued Financial support Of the partner organizations of the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership. We also acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for their contributions. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 407VB UT WOS:000263391300004 PM 19204333 ER PT J AU Joly, DO Heisey, DM Samuel, MD Ribic, CA Thomas, NJ Wright, SD Wrigh, IE AF Joly, Damien O. Heisey, Dennis M. Samuel, Michael D. Ribic, Christine A. Thomas, Nancy J. Wright, Scott D. Wrigh, Irene E. TI ESTIMATING CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY RATES USING RECOVERED CARCASSES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE California sea otter; cause-specific mortality; Enhydra lutris nereis; Florida manatee; likelihood methods; marine mammals; necropsy data; Trichechus manatus latirostris ID SEA OTTERS; SURVIVAL; AGE AB Stranding networks, in which carcasses are recovered and sent to diagnostic laboratories for necropsy and determination of cause of death, have been developed to monitor the health of marine mammal and bird populations. These programs typically accumulate comprehensive, long-term datasets on causes of death that can be used to identify important sources of mortality or changes in mortality patterns that lead to management actions. However, the utility of these data in determining cause-specific mortality rates has not been explored. We present a maximum likelihood-based approach that partitions total mortality rate, estimated by independent sources, into cause-specific mortality rates. We also demonstrate how variance estimates are derived for these rates. We present examples of the method using mortality data for California sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) and Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). C1 [Joly, Damien O.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Hlth Programs, Nanaimo, BC V9S 2S4, Canada. [Heisey, Dennis M.; Thomas, Nancy J.; Wright, Scott D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.; Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Russell Lab 204, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Joly, DO (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Hlth Programs, 1008 Beverly Dr, Nanaimo, BC V9S 2S4, Canada. EM djoly@wcs.org FU USGS-National Wildlife Health Center; Wildlife Conservation Society FX Critical tooth-age data was provided by B. Hatfield and J. Estes. We thank T. Tinker, L. Gerber, C. Langtimm, and two anonymous reviewers for their reviews of this manuscript. Support for this work was provided by the USGS-National Wildlife Health Center and later by the Wildlife Conservation Society. The R Core Development Team and OpenOffice. org provided the open-source software used in analysis and preparation of this manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement for Use by the US government, NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 122 EP 127 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 407VB UT WOS:000263391300012 PM 19204341 ER PT J AU Shwiff, SA Sterner, RT Hale, R Jay, MT Sun, B Slate, D AF Shwiff, Stephanie A. Sterner, Ray T. Hale, Robert Jay, Michele T. Sun, Ben Slate, Dennis TI Benefit Cost Scenarios of Potential Oral Rabies Vaccination for Skunks in California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Benefit-cost analysis; California; economics; oral vaccination; rabies; skunks ID RACCOON RABIES; UNITED-STATES; FOXES; COYOTES AB Scenario-based analyses were computed for benefits and costs linked with hypothetical oral rabies vaccination (ORV) campaigns to contain or eliminate skunk-variant rabies in skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in California, USA. Scenario 1 assumed baiting eight zones (43,388 km(2) total) that comprised 7:3% of known skunk rabies locations in the state. Scenario 2 also assumed baiting these eight zones, but further assumed that added benefits would result from preventing the spread of skunk-variant rabies into Los Angeles County, USA. Scenarios assumed a fixed bait cost ($1.24 each) but varied campaigns (one, two and three annual ORV applications), densities of baits (37.5/km(2), 75/km(2) and 150/km(2)), levels of prevention (50%, 75%, and 100%), and contingency expenditures if rabies recurred (20%, 40%, and 60% of campaign costs). Prorating potential annual benefits during a 12-yr time horizon yielded benefit-cost ratios (BCRs) between 0.16 and 2.91 and between 0.34 and 6.35 for Scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. Economic issues relevat to potentially managing skunk-variant rabies with ORV are discussed. C1 [Shwiff, Stephanie A.; Sterner, Ray T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Hale, Robert] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. [Jay, Michele T.; Sun, Ben] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Vet Publ Hlth Sect, Sacramento, CA 94234 USA. [Slate, Dennis] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Shwiff, SA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Stephanie.A.Shwiff@aphis.usda.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 227 EP 233 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 407VB UT WOS:000263391300026 PM 19204355 ER PT J AU Kendall, KC Stetz, JB Boulanger, J Macleod, AC Paetkau, D White, GC AF Kendall, Katherine C. Stetz, Jeffrey B. Boulanger, John Macleod, Amy C. Paetkau, David White, Gary C. TI Demography and Genetic Structure of a Recovering Grizzly Bear Population SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; genetic structure; grizzly bear; mark-recapture modeling; noninvasive sampling; Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem; northwestern Montana; population monitoring; Ursus arctos ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; MARK-RECAPTURE POPULATION; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ANALYSIS REVEALS; BROWN BEARS; BLACK BEAR; DENSITY; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION AB Grizzly bears ( brown bears; Ursus arctos) are imperiled in the southern extent of their range worldwide. The threatened population in northwestern Montana, USA, has been managed for recovery since 1975; yet, no rigorous data were available to monitor program success. We used data from a large noninvasive genetic sampling effort conducted in 2004 and 33 years of physical captures to assess abundance, distribution, and genetic health of this population. We combined data from our 3 sampling methods ( hair trap, bear rub, and physical capture) to construct individual bear encounter histories for use in Huggins-Pledger closed mark-recapture models. Our population estimate, N = 765 (95% CI = 715-831) was more than double the existing estimate derived from sightings of females with young. Based on our results, the estimated known, human-caused mortality rate in 2004 was 4.6% ( 95% CI = 4.2-4.9%), slightly above the 4% considered sustainable; however, the high proportion of female mortalities raises concern. We used location data from telemetry, confirmed sightings, and genetic sampling to estimate occupied habitat. We found that grizzly bears occupied 33,480 km(2) in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem ( NCDE) during 1994-2007, including 10,340 km(2) beyond the Recovery Zone. We used factorial correspondence analysis to identify potential barriers to gene flow within this population. Our results suggested that genetic interchange recently increased in areas with low gene flow in the past; however, we also detected evidence of incipient fragmentation across the major transportation corridor in this ecosystem. Our results suggest that the NCDE population is faring better than previously thought, and they highlight the need for a more rigorous monitoring program. ( JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73( 1): 3-17; 2009) C1 [Kendall, Katherine C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Stetz, Jeffrey B.; Macleod, Amy C.] Univ Montana, Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Boulanger, John] Integrated Ecol Res, Nelson, BC V1L 5T2, Canada. [Paetkau, David] Wildlife Genet Int, Nelson, BC V1L 5P9, Canada. [White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kendall, KC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM kkendall@usgs.gov RI MACLEOD, AMY/A-5724-2009 OI MACLEOD, AMY/0000-0002-6966-2278 FU United States Geological Survey; United States Forest Service. FX W. Kendall and T. McDonald shared in developing our mark-recapture modeling approach. T. Graves assisted with model development and preliminary analyses. P. Cross, P. Lukacs, R. Mace, S. Miller, M. Schwartz, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. We thank the hundreds of employees and volunteers who collected hair samples under difficult field conditions, entered reams of data, and processed thousands of hair samples. We also thank the following agencies that provided substantial logistical and in-kind support: Blackfeet Nation; Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation; National Park Service; Northwest Connections; United States Bureau of Land Management; USFWS; and the University of Montana. Outstanding leadership by C. Barbouletos and M. Long helped make this project possible. Financial support was provided by the United States Geological Survey and United States Forest Service. NR 53 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 8 U2 89 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.2193/2008-330 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 392JU UT WOS:000262299800002 ER PT J AU Webb, WC Boarman, WI Rotenberry, JT AF Webb, William C. Boarman, William I. Rotenberry, John T. TI Movements of Juvenile Common Ravens in an Arid Landscape SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE common raven; Corvus corax; desert tortoise; Gopherus agassizii; juvenile dispersal; juvenile movements; Mojave Desert; radiotelemetry; resource use; sociality ID WEST MOJAVE DESERT; POSTFLEDGING MOVEMENTS; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; SPACE USE; DISPERSAL; PREDATION; BIRDS; FOOD; INFORMATION AB Movement patterns of juvenile birds are poorly understood, yet critically important ecological phenomena, especially for species with a prolonged juvenile period. We evaluated postfledging movements of juvenile common ravens (Corvus corax) in a western Mojave Desert landscape composed of a mosaic of natural and anthropogenic elements. Generally, ravens do not begin breeding until after their fourth year. We marked 2 annual cohorts of juvenile ravens and followed them from dispersal from their natal territory for up to 33 months. Movements of juvenile common ravens were similar for males and females. Conspecifics and confined livestock feeding operations represented important resources for juvenile ravens, and juveniles were rarely located in open desert. However, initial movements from the natal territory to the nearest communal point subsidy rather than the closest anthropogenic resource suggested juvenile dispersal was influenced by the combination of conspecifics and anthropogenic resources, rather than the distribution of those resources. Land managers concerned with growing raven populations should reduce access to concentrated anthropogenic resources such as landfills and dairies, which serve as important resources for juveniles. Because juvenile ravens rarely venture into open desert, reducing their numbers by lethal removal or other means is unlikely to lessen raven predation of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii). ( JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73( 1): 72-81; 2009) C1 [Webb, William C.; Rotenberry, John T.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Boarman, William I.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Rotenberry, John T.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Webb, WC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, 1036 Newhall St, San Jose, CA 95126 USA. EM webb@u.washington.edu FU United States Air Force; Edwards Air Force Base; USGS;; National Zoological Park; California Department of Fish and Game;; Department of Biology, University of California Riverside FX We thank E. Akst, S. Collis, J. Crayon, W. Deal, T. Evans, R. Fleischer, E. Godinez, G. Goodlett, T. Brown, M. Hagan, S. Horton, G. Ikota, T. Johnsen, W. Kristan, J. Lindhal, J. Marzluff, K. Omland, M. Pavelka, C. Rickards, G. Schultz, S. Walters, and W. Webb, Sr., each of whom contributed to this project in some form. Funding and logistical support were provided by the United States Air Force, Edwards Air Force Base; USGS; National Zoological Park; California Department of Fish and Game; and the Department of Biology, University of California Riverside. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 1 BP 72 EP 81 DI 10.2193/2007-549 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 392JU UT WOS:000262299800009 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, GS Kendall, WL Moser, TJ White, GC Doherty, PF AF Zimmerman, Guthrie S. Kendall, William L. Moser, Timothy J. White, Gary C. Doherty, Paul F., Jr. TI Temporal Patterns of Apparent Leg Band Retention in North American Geese SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE band retention; Branta canadensis; Branta hutchinsii; cackling geese; Canada geese; Chen caerulescens; Chen rossii; Ross's geese; snow geese ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; REPORTING RATES; CANADA GEESE; MALLARDS; WEAR AB An important assumption of mark-recapture studies is that individuals retain their marks, which has not been assessed for goose reward bands. We estimated aluminum leg band retention probabilities and modeled how band retention varied with band type ( standard vs. reward band), band age (1-40 months), and goose characteristics ( species and size class) for Canada (Branta canadensis), cackling ( Branta hutchinsii), snow ( Chen caerulescens), and Ross's ( Chen rossii) geese that field coordinators double-leg banded during a North American goose reward band study (N = 40,999 individuals from 15 populations). We conditioned all models in this analysis on geese that were encountered with >= 1 leg band still attached (n = 5,747 dead recoveries and live recaptures). Retention probabilities for standard aluminum leg bands were high ((theta) over cap (s) 0.9995, SE < 0.001) and constant over 1-40 months. In contrast, apparent retention probabilities for reward bands demonstrated an interactive relationship between 5 size and species classes ( small cackling, medium Canada, large Canada, snow, and Ross's geese). In addition, apparent retention probabilities for each of the 5 classes varied quadratically with time, being lower immediately after banding and at older age classes. The differential retention probabilities among band type ( reward vs. standard) that we observed suggests that 1) models estimating reporting probability should incorporate differential band loss if it is nontrivial, 2) goose managers should consider the costs and benefits of double-banding geese on an operational basis, and 3) the United States Geological Survey Bird Banding Lab should modify protocols for receiving recovery data. ( JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73( 1): 82-88; 2009) C1 [Zimmerman, Guthrie S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kendall, William L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Moser, Timothy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. RP Zimmerman, GS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Guthrie_Zimmerman@fws.gov NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 1 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.2193/2007-590 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 392JU UT WOS:000262299800010 ER PT J AU Brook, RW Ross, RK Abraham, KF Fronczak, DL Davies, JC AF Brook, Rodney W. Ross, R. Kenyon Abraham, Kenneth F. Fronczak, David L. Davies, J. Chris TI Evidence for Black Duck Winter Distribution Change SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; Anas rubripes; black duck; distribution; midwinter survey; range shift ID MIDWINTER WATERFOWL INVENTORY; INCREASING MALLARDS; ATLANTIC FLYWAY; BIRDS AB The Mississippi Flyway midwinter population survey (MWS) indicates that American black ducks (Anas rubripes) have been rapidly declining for the last 10 years. We found a negative relationship between MWS and Ontario ( Canada) midwinter counts for black ducks. Thus, as number of black ducks in the MWS decreased, Ontario midwinter counts increased. A shift in midwinter distribution of black ducks may be partly responsible for the decreasing trend in MWS counts. We recommend that midwinter black duck surveys be expanded to more sites in southern Canada and northeastern United States that currently are not sampled to better assess winter habitat use and improve the midwinter black-duck population index. ( JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73( 1): 98-103; 2009) C1 [Brook, Rodney W.; Abraham, Kenneth F.; Davies, J. Chris] Trent Univ, Wildlife Res & Dev Sect, Minist Nat Resources, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Ross, R. Kenyon] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Fronczak, David L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. RP Brook, RW (reprint author), Trent Univ, Wildlife Res & Dev Sect, Minist Nat Resources, DNA Bldg,2140 E Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM rod.brook@ontario.ca NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 1 BP 98 EP 103 DI 10.2193/2007-424 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 392JU UT WOS:000262299800012 ER PT J AU Oosthuizen, WC Cross, PC Bowers, JA Hay, C Ebinger, MR Buss, P Hofmeyr, M Cameron, EZ AF Oosthuizen, W. Chris Cross, Paul C. Bowers, Justin A. Hay, Craig Ebinger, Michael Ryan Buss, Peter Hofmeyr, Markus Cameron, Elissa Z. TI Effects of Chemical Immobilization on Survival of African Buffalo in the Kruger National Park SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE African buffalo; chemical immobilization; game capture; Kruger National Park; survival; Syncerus caffer ID BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; RADIOCOLLARS; CAPTURE; REGRESSION; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; MOOSE; VOLES AB Capturing, immobilizing, and fitting radiocollars are common practices in studies of large mammals, but success is based on the assumptions that captured animals are representative of the rest of the population and that the capture procedure has negligible effects. We estimated effects of chemical immobilization on mortality rates of African buffalo ( Syncerus caffer) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. We used a Cox proportional hazards approach to test for differences in mortality among age, sex, and capture classes of repeatedly captured radiocollared buffalo. Capture variables did not improve model fit and the Cox regression did not indicate increased risk of death for captured individuals up to 90 days postcapture [exp (beta) = 1.07]. Estimated confidence intervals, however, span from a halving to a doubling of the mortality rate (95% CI = 0.56-2.02). Therefore, capture did not influence survival of captured individuals using data on 875 captures over a 5-year period. Consequently, long-term research projects on African buffalo involving immobilization, such as associated with research on bovine tuberculosis, should result in minimal capture mortality, but monitoring of possible effects should continue. ( JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73( 1): 149-153; 2009) C1 [Oosthuizen, W. Chris; Cameron, Elissa Z.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Cross, Paul C.; Ebinger, Michael Ryan] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bowers, Justin A.] Environm Consultants, Ecoleges, ZA-1218 The Village, South Africa. [Hay, Craig] So African Wildlife Coll, ZA-1380 Hoedspruit, South Africa. [Buss, Peter; Hofmeyr, Markus] S African Natl Pk, Skukuza, South Africa. RP Oosthuizen, WC (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. EM ezcameron@zoology.up.ac.za RI Cameron, Elissa/E-4280-2010; Cameron, Elissa/B-8053-2014; Oosthuizen, W. Chris/I-2947-2016; Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cameron, Elissa/0000-0002-9243-0547; Oosthuizen, W. Chris/0000-0003-2905-6297; Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU United States National Science Foundation, Ecology of Infectious Disease [DEB-0090323] FX We are grateful to the Berkeley Buffalo TB Project team and the KNP staff for making this study possible and to J. Wolhuter, who arranged the July 2006 buffalo captures. C. J. Tambling supplied the KNP map. We thank Dr. R. G. Bengis for comments on buffalo capture risks, and we thank G. Sargeant, S. M. Ferreira, and K. Shoenecker for reviewing an earlier draft of the manuscript. This research was funded by the United States National Science Foundation, Ecology of Infectious Disease Grant DEB-0090323 to W. Getz. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 1 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.2193/2008-071 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 392JU UT WOS:000262299800019 ER PT J AU Garcia, V Conway, CJ AF Garcia, Victoria Conway, Courtney J. TI Use of Video Probe Does Not Affect Burrowing Owl Reproductive Parameters or Return Rates SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Athene cunicularia; burrowing owl; cavity nest; disturbance; eastern Washington; fiberscope; infrared video probe ID CAVITIES; SUCCESS; BIRDS; SYSTEMS; FIELD; BOXES AB We tested how repeated use of an infrared video probe influenced burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) reproduction and recruitment. In 2001, we randomly assigned occupied burrows in Washington State, USA, to one of 2 groups: 1) inspected throughout the breeding season with an infrared video probe (n = 38), or 2) never inspected with a probe (n = 41). We did not detect differences between the 2 groups in nesting success, number of fledglings per nest, natal recruitment, or likelihood of adults returning to the same burrow the following year ( 2002) or to the study area in a subsequent year ( 2002-2005). ( JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73( 1): 154-157;2009) C1 [Garcia, Victoria; Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Garcia, V (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 325 BioSci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM vga@email.arizona.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 1 BP 154 EP 157 DI 10.2193/2008-112 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 392JU UT WOS:000262299800020 ER PT J AU Graham, JL Jones, JR AF Graham, Jennifer L. Jones, John R. TI Microcystin in Missouri reservoirs SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cyanobacteria; cylindrospermopsin; microcystin; Missouri reservoirs; toxin ID CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS; LAKES; DYNAMICS; COMMUNITIES; NUTRIENTS; VARIABLES; SIZE; LR AB During summers (May-Aug) 2004-2006, 177 Missouri reservoirs were sampled monthly at open pelagic locations to assess regional patterns in microcystin concentration, frequency of occurrence over successive summer seasons and relations with environmental factors. Microcystin was detected in 58% of Missouri reservoirs and 23% of samples (n = 1402). Total microcystin concentrations, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ranged from <= 0.1 to 21 mu g/L. Concentrations >= 1 mu g/L were detected in 10% of reservoirs and exceeded the human health concern limit of 20 mu g/L once in a single sample. Microcystin occurred throughout summer, with maximum concentrations in individual reservoirs observed in each month. Occurrence was consistent across years, with about one-half of Missouri reservoirs having detectable microcystin each summer. Eleven reservoirs with microcystin maxima >= 1 mu g/L were sampled multiple seasons; of these, 8 had detectable microcystin each summer, which indicates that short-term surveys can identify water bodies with the greatest potential for toxin production. Eutrophic reservoirs in northern Missouri had the greatest microcystin occurrence and concentrations. Reservoirs with detectable microcystin had significantly (p < 0.01) greater nutrient and chlorophyll values and significantly shallower Secchi depths than reservoirs without detection. All correlations, however, had r-values <= 0.35, and bivariate plots indicated nonlinear trends. Cylindrospermopsin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 36 reservoirs once in late summer 2006; 14% had small detectable levels (total concentrations <1 mu g/L). This is the first report of cylindrospermopsin in Missouri. C1 [Graham, Jennifer L.; Jones, John R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Graham, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM jlgraham@usgs.gov FU Missouri Department of Natural Resources; Food and Agriculture Policy Research Institute; Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station; U. S. Geological Survey FX We thank Steven Heiskary, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and Keith Loftin, U. S. Geological Survey, for reviews that provided valuable input and improved the quality of this paper, and D. Obrecht, C. Radcliffe and K. Veum for field and laboratory assistance. Funding and support for this project was provided by Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Food and Agriculture Policy Research Institute, Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, and the U. S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 EI 2151-5530 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1080/07438140903143239 PG 11 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 492OH UT WOS:000269667600003 ER PT B AU Cannon, SH DeGraff, J AF Cannon, Susan H. DeGraff, Jerry BE Sassa, K Canuti, P TI The Increasing Wildfire and Post-Fire Debris-Flow Threat in Western USA, and Implications for Consequences of Climate Change SO LANDSLIDES - DISASTER RISK REDUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Landslide Forum CY NOV 18-21, 2008 CL United Nat Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN HO United Nat Univ DE Debris flow; Hazards; Risk; Climate change; Western USA; Southern California; Intermountain west USA ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; UNITED-STATES; FIRE REGIMES; BURNED AREAS; COLORADO; EROSION; FORESTS AB In southern California and the intermountain west of the USA, debris flows generated from recently-burned basins pose significant hazards. Increases in the frequency and size of wildfires throughout the western USA can be attributed to increases in the number of Fire ignitions, fire suppression practices, and climatic influences. Increased urbanization throughout the western USA, combined with the increased wildfire magnitude and frequency, carries with it the increased threat of subsequent debris-flow occurrence. Differences between rainfall thresholds and empirical debris-flow susceptibility models for southern California and the intermountain west indicate a strong influence of climatic and geologic settings on post-fire debris-flow potential. The linkages between wildfires, debris-flow occurrence, and global warming suggests that the experiences in the western United States are highly likely to be duplicated in many other parts of the world, and necessitate hazard assessment tools that are specific to local climates and physiographies. C1 [Cannon, Susan H.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046,DFC,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [DeGraff, Jerry] USDA Forest Service, Sierra Natl Forest, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. RP Cannon, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,DFC,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cannon@usgs.gov; jdegraff@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-69966-8 PY 2009 BP 177 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-69970-5_9 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences; Geology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BIT94 UT WOS:000262710300010 ER PT B AU Kjekstad, O Highland, L AF Kjekstad, Oddvar Highland, Lynn BE Sassa, K Canuti, P TI Economic and Social Impacts of Landslides SO LANDSLIDES - DISASTER RISK REDUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Landslide Forum CY NOV 18-21, 2008 CL United Nat Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN HO United Nat Univ DE Landslide; Socio-economic losses; Fatalities; Direct costs; Indirect costs; Insurance; Vulnerability; Risk ID AVALANCHE; HAZARDS; TSUNAMI AB The Session, Socioeconomic Impacts of Landslides, was organized to provide discussions on the socioeconomic impact of landslide events as well as best practice for mitigation of the risk associated with landslides. Social and economic losses, and their quantification, the consequences of landslides on infrastructure development, and land use policy, are critical aspects of socioeconomic issues related to landslides. In addition the session will include case studies on recovery and resettlement, measures to reduce social vulnerability, investments for landslide risk mitigation and reduction, and insurance issues for landslide risk mitigation and reduction. C1 [Kjekstad, Oddvar] Norwegian Geotech Inst, International Ctr Geohazard, POB 3930 Ullevaal Stad, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway. [Highland, Lynn] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kjekstad, O (reprint author), Norwegian Geotech Inst, International Ctr Geohazard, POB 3930 Ullevaal Stad, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway. EM oddvar.kjekstad@ngi.no NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-69966-8 PY 2009 BP 573 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-69970-5_30 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences; Geology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BIT94 UT WOS:000262710300031 ER PT B AU Geertsema, M Highland, L Vaugeouis, L AF Geertsema, Marten Highland, Lynn Vaugeouis, Laura BE Sassa, K Canuti, P TI Environmental Impact of Landslides SO LANDSLIDES - DISASTER RISK REDUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Landslide Forum CY NOV 18-21, 2008 CL United Nat Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN HO United Nat Univ DE Landslide; Environmental impact; Ecology; Biodiversity; Natural disturbance agent ID OREGON COAST RANGE; PLANT SUCCESSION; NEW-ZEALAND; PUERTO-RICO; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RIVER LANDSLIDE; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; DEBRIS FLOWS; VEGETATION; DISTURBANCE AB Landslides affect the following elements of the environment: (1) the topography of the earth's surface; (2) the character and quality of rivers and streams and groundwater flow; (3) the forests that cover much of the earth's surface; and (4) the habitats of natural wildlife that exist on the earth's surface, including its rivers, lakes, and oceans. Large amounts of earth and organic materials enter streams as sediment as a result of this landslide and erosion activity, thus reducing the potability of the water and quality of habitat for fish and wildlife. Biotic destruction by landslides is also common; widespread stripping of forest cover by mass movements has been noted in many parts of the world. Removal of forest cover impacts wildlife habitat. The ecological role that landslides play is often overlooked. Landslides contribute to aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. Debris flows and other mass movement play an important role in supplying sediment and coarse woody debris to maintain pool/riffle habitat in streams. As disturbance agents landslides engender a mosaic of seral stages, soils, and sites (from ponds to dry ridges) to forested landscapes. C1 [Geertsema, Marten] British Columbia, BC Forest Serv, 1011 4th Ave, Prince George, BC V2L 3H9, Canada. [Highland, Lynn] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Vaugeouis, Laura] Washington State Dept Natural Resources, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP Geertsema, M (reprint author), British Columbia, BC Forest Serv, 1011 4th Ave, Prince George, BC V2L 3H9, Canada. EM marten.geertsema@gov.bc.ca NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-69966-8 PY 2009 BP 589 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-69970-5_31 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences; Geology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BIT94 UT WOS:000262710300032 ER PT S AU Liberty, LM Pratt, TL Lyle, M Madin, IP AF Liberty, Lee M. Pratt, Thomas L. Lyle, Mitchell Madin, Ian P. BE Oldow, JS Cashman, PH TI Neotectonic analysis of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: New insights from seismic reflection data SO LATE CENOZOIC STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF THE GREAT BASIN-SIERRA NEVADA TRANSITION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE seismic reflection; neotectonics; Basin and Range Province ID SOUTHERN CASCADE RANGE; FAULT ZONE; EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; GREAT-BASIN; SLIP RATE; CALIFORNIA; NEVADA; RATES; PROVINCE; DEFORMATION AB We present marine high-resolution seismic reflection data from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, to discern the underlying structure and estimate Quaternary slip rates in this actively extending Basin and Range system. The sediment patterns and structures imaged on our seismic profiles reveal a complex geologic system that reflects a changing climate record, shallow water conditions, growth faulting, contrasting sediment sources, and high slip rates. We observe that Upper Klamath Lake is a sediment-saturated environment, and sediment accumulation rates are therefore controlled by basin subsidence rather than sediment supply. Published slip rates for Holocene extension are greater than our determined late Quaternary slip rates, assuming reasonable rates of deposition. The apparent increased Holocene fault-slip rates may be in part an artifact of long recurrence intervals between major earthquakes, with recent seismicity accommodating long-term strain. The quantity of observed faults below the lake is at least an order of magnitude greater than those mapped outside the lake, suggesting that many hidden faults throughout the region may be unaccounted for when estimating Basin and Range extension rates. C1 [Liberty, Lee M.] Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Pratt, Thomas L.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pratt, Thomas L.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lyle, Mitchell] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Madin, Ian P.] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Liberty, LM (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM lml@cgiss.boisestate.edu NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2447-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 447 BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.1130/2009.2447(05) PG 12 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLZ85 UT WOS:000271620800006 ER PT S AU Jayko, AS AF Jayko, A. S. BE Oldow, JS Cashman, PH TI Deformation of the late Miocene to Pliocene Inyo Surface, eastern Sierra region, California SO LATE CENOZOIC STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF THE GREAT BASIN-SIERRA NEVADA TRANSITION SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE late Miocene erosion surface; Inyo Surface; Sierra Nevada frontal fault; eastern Sierra region; Lindgren Surface; Sierra Nevada block; Inyo Range ID POTASSIUM-ARGON DATES; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FISH SPRINGS FAULT; GREAT-BASIN; OWENS VALLEY; TERTIARY FLORAS; RANGE PROVINCE; DEATH-VALLEY; CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS; PANAMINT VALLEY AB A middle and late Miocene erosion surface, the Inyo Surface, underlies late Miocene mafic flows in the White Mountains and late Miocene and ( or) early Pliocene flows elsewhere in the eastern Sierra region. The Inyo Surface is correlated with an erosion surface that underlies late Miocene mafi c flows in the central and northern Sierra Nevada. The mafic flows had outpourings similar to flood basalts, although of smaller volume, providing paleohorizontal and paleolowland indicators. The flows filled and locally topped the existing landscape forming broad plateau-like flats. Topographic relief in the region was characterized by weathered and rounded slopes prior to late Miocene mafic magmatism. Relicts of the older landscape lie adjacent to late Miocene and early Pliocene basalt-covered lowlands that now occur within the crests of ranges that have 2500-3000 m relief and dramatically steep escarpments. Late Miocene mafic flows that lie on the crest of the Sierra Nevada adjacent to the White Mountains predate significant activity on the Sierra Nevada frontal fault zone. These deposits and accompanying erosion surfaces provide excellent strain markers for reconstructing part of the Walker Lane north of the Garlock fault and west of the Amargosa drainage, here referred to as the eastern Sierra region. The Inyo Surface is a compound erosional surface that records at least four major erosion events during the Cenozoic. These four surfaces were first recognized on the Kern Plateau and named from oldest to youngest, the Summit Upland, the Subsummit Plateau, the Chagoopa Plateau, and the Canyon. The three older surfaces have also been subsequently modified by Pleistocene glaciation. The compound erosion surface, which is locally overlain by late Miocene mafic flows in the northern and central Sierra Nevada, is here referred to as the Lindgren Surface. Correlatives in the eastern Sierra region are found in the White Mountains, Inyo Mountains, Darwin Plateau, Coso Range, and nearby ranges. C1 US Geol Survey, White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. RP Jayko, AS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. EM ajayko@usgs.gov NR 141 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2447-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 447 BP 313 EP 350 DI 10.1130/2009.2447(15) PG 38 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLZ85 UT WOS:000271620800016 ER PT J AU Lucas, LV Thompson, JK Brown, LR AF Lucas, Lisa V. Thompson, Janet K. Brown, Larry R. TI Why are diverse relationships observed between phytoplankton biomass and transport time? SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; FRESH-WATER; FOOD-WEB; EUTROPHICATION; VARIABILITY; PLANKTON; SHALLOW; ECOSYSTEMS; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS AB Transport time scales such as flushing time and residence time are often used to explain variability in phytoplankton biomass. In many cases, empirical data are consistent with a positive phytoplankton-transport time relationship (i.e., phytoplankton biomass increases as transport time increases). However, negative relationships, varying relationships, or no significant relationship may also be observed. We present a simple conceptual model, in both mathematical and graphical form, to help explain why phytoplankton may have a range of relationships with transport time, and we apply it to several real systems. The phytoplankton growth-loss balance determines whether phytoplankton biomass increases with, decreases with, or is insensitive to transport time. If algal growth is faster than loss (e. g., grazing, sedimentation), then phytoplankton biomass increases with increasing transport time. If loss is faster than growth, phytoplankton biomass decreases with increasing transport time. If growth and loss are approximately balanced, then phytoplankton biomass is relatively insensitive to transport time. In analyses of several systems, portions of an individual system, or time periods, apparent insensitivity of phytoplankton biomass to changes in transport time could arise due to the superposition of cases with different phytoplankton-transport time relationships. Thus, in order to understand or predict responses of phytoplankton biomass to changes in transport time, the relative rates of algal growth and loss must be known. C1 [Lucas, Lisa V.; Thompson, Janet K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brown, Larry R.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 94025 USA. RP Lucas, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM llucas@usgs.gov FU U. S. Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the Interagency Ecological Program and the National Research Program of the U. S. Geological Survey. This work was also conducted as part of "CASCaDE: Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem.'' CASCaDE is supported by a grant from the CALFED Science Program and U. S. G. S. Priority Ecosystems Science. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the CALFED Science Program. NR 55 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 381 EP 390 DI 10.4319/lo.2009.54.1.0381 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 432XX UT WOS:000265168800030 ER PT J AU Downing, BD Boss, E Bergamaschi, BA Fleck, JA Lionberger, MA Ganju, NK Schoellhamer, DH Fujii, R AF Downing, Bryan D. Boss, Emmanuel Bergamaschi, Brian A. Fleck, Jacob A. Lionberger, Megan A. Ganju, Neil K. Schoellhamer, David H. Fujii, Roger TI Quantifying fluxes and characterizing compositional changes of dissolved organic matter in aquatic systems in situ using combined acoustic and optical measurements SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL WATERS; ABSORPTION; LIGHT; BAY AB Studying the dynamics and geochemical behavior of dissolved and particulate organic material is difficult because concentration and composition may rapidly change in response to aperiodic as well as periodic physical and biological forcing. Here we describe a method useful for quantifying fluxes and analyzing dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics. The method uses coupled optical and acoustic measurements that provide robust quantitative estimates of concentrations and constituent characteristics needed to investigate processes and calculate fluxes of DOM in tidal and other lotic environments. Data were collected several times per hour for 2 weeks or more, with the frequency and duration limited only by power consumption and data storage capacity. We assessed the capabilities and limitations of the method using data from a winter deployment in a natural tidal wetland of the San Francisco Bay estuary. We used statistical correlation of in situ optical data with traditional laboratory analyses of discrete water samples to calibrate optical properties suited as proxies for DOM concentrations and characterizations. Coupled with measurements of flow velocity, we calculated long-term residual horizontal fluxes of DOC into and out from a tidal wetland. Subsampling the dataset provides an estimate for the maximum sampling interval beyond which the error in flux estimate is significantly increased. C1 [Downing, Bryan D.; Bergamaschi, Brian A.; Fleck, Jacob A.; Lionberger, Megan A.; Ganju, Neil K.; Schoellhamer, David H.; Fujii, Roger] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Boss, Emmanuel] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. RP Downing, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. EM bdowning@usgs.gov RI Boss, Emmanuel/C-5765-2009; Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Boss, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8334-9595; Downing, Bryan/0000-0002-2007-5304; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 FU CALFED Science Strategy Plan for the Bay-Delta Ecosystem FX This work was funded as part of the CALFED Science Strategy Plan for the Bay-Delta Ecosystem. This study would not have been possible without the assistance of key personnel of the U. S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center. Special thanks go out to Gail Wheeler, Kathryn Crepeau, Susan Bird, Will Kerlin, and Miranda Fram for laboratory and field assistance and Donna Knifong for illustration assistance. We also thank Tonya Clayton, Tamara Kraus, Brian Pellerin, and Robert Spencer for their insightful reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript, and many others for their helpful discussions. Finally, we thank the Office of Naval Research for funding the instrumentation used in this study. The use of brand or firm names in this article are for identification purposes only and do not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Geological Survey. NR 27 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 7 BP 119 EP 131 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 432YM UT WOS:000265170300011 ER PT S AU Jacobson, RB Blevins, DW Bitner, CJ AF Jacobson, Robert B. Blevins, Dale W. Bitner, Chance J. BE James, LA Rathburn, SL Whittecar, GR TI Sediment regime constraints on river restoration-An example from the Lower Missouri River SO MANAGEMENT AND RESTORATION OF FLUVIAL SYSTEMS WITH BROAD HISTORICAL CHANGES AND HUMAN IMPACTS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 28-31, 2007 CL Denver, CO SP Geol Soc Amer ID FLOW REGIME; USA; REHABILITATION; DOWNSTREAM; CALIFORNIA; DISCHARGE; DESIGN; DAMS; LOAD; NEED AB Dammed rivers are subject to changes in their flow, water-quality, and sediment regimes. Each of these changes may contribute to diminished aquatic habitat quality and quantity. Of the three factors, an altered sediment regime is a particularly unyielding challenge on many dammed rivers. The magnitude of the challenge is illustrated on the Lower Missouri River, where the largest water storage system in North America has decreased the downriver suspended-sediment load to 0.2%-17% of predam loads. In response to the altered sediment regime, the Lower Missouri River channel has incised as much as 3.5 m just downstream of Gavins Point Dam, although the bed has been stable to slightly aggrading at other locations farther downstream. Effects of channel engineering and commercial dredging are superimposed on the broad-scale adjustments to the altered sediment regime. The altered sediment regime and geomorphic adjustments constrain restoration and management opportunities. Incision and aggradation limit some objectives of flow-regime management: In incising river segments, ecologically desirable reconnection of the floodplain requires discharges that are beyond operational limits, whereas in aggrading river segments, small spring pulses may inundate or saturate low-lying farmlands. Lack of sediment in the incising river segment downstream of Gavins Point Dam also limits sustainable restoration of sand-bar habitat for bird species listed under the Endangered Species Act. Creation of new shallow-water habitat for native fishes involves taking sediment out of floodplain storage and reintroducing most or all of it to the river, raising concerns about increased sediment, nutrient, and contaminant loads. Calculations indicate that effects of individual restoration projects are small relative to background loads, but cumulative effects may depend on sequence and locations of projects. An understanding of current and historical sediment fluxes, and how they vary along the river, provides a quantitative basis for defining management constraints and identifying opportunities. C1 [Jacobson, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Blevins, Dale W.] US Geol Survey, Lees Summit, MO USA. [Bitner, Chance J.] Kansas City District Corps Engn, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. RP Jacobson, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 89 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2451-5 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 451 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1130/2009.2451(01) PG 22 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMN95 UT WOS:000273004100002 ER PT S AU Fitzpatrick, FA Knox, JC Schubauer-Berigan, JP AF Fitzpatrick, Faith A. Knox, James C. Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P. BE James, LA Rathburn, SL Whittecar, GR TI Channel, floodplain, and wetland responses to floods and overbank sedimentation, 1846-2006, Halfway Creek Marsh, Upper Mississippi Valley, Wisconsin SO MANAGEMENT AND RESTORATION OF FLUVIAL SYSTEMS WITH BROAD HISTORICAL CHANGES AND HUMAN IMPACTS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 28-31, 2007 CL Denver, CO SP Geol Soc Amer ID DRIFTLESS AREA; VERTICAL ACCRETION; RIVER; BASIN; RATES; ACCUMULATION; BUDGET; AGRICULTURE; ALLUVIATION; SENSITIVITY AB Conversion of upland forest and prairie vegetation to agricultural land uses, following Euro-American settlement in the Upper Mississippi River System, led to accelerated runoff and soil erosion that subsequently transformed channels, floodplains, and wetlands on bottomlands. Halfway Creek Marsh, at the junction of Halfway Creek and the Mississippi River on Wisconsin's western border, is representative of such historical transformation. This marsh became the focus of a 2005-2006 investigation by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Wisconsin Madison, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, who used an understanding of the historical transformation to help managers identify possible restoration alternatives for Halfway Creek Marsh. Field-scale topographic surveys and sediment cores provided data for reconstructing patterns and rates of historical overbank sedimentation in the marsh. Information culled from historical maps, aerial photographs, General Land Office Survey notes, and other historical documents helped establish the timing of anthropogenic disturbances and document changes in channel patterns. Major human disturbances, in addition to agricultural land uses, included railroad and road building, construction of artificial levees, drainage alterations, and repeated dam failures associated with large floods. A volume of approximately 1,400,000 m(3), involving up to 2 m of sandy historical overbank deposition, is stored through the upper and lower marshes and along the adjacent margins of Halfway Creek and its principal tributary, Sand Lake Coulee. The estimated overbank sedimentation rate for the entire marsh is similar to 3,000 m(3) yr(-1) for the recent period 1994-2006. In spite of reduced surface runoff and soil erosion in recent years, this recent sedimentation rate still exceeds by similar to 4 times the early settlement (1846-1885) rate of 700 m(3) yr(-1), when anthropogenic acceleration of upland surface runoff and soil erosion was beginning. The highest rate of historical bottomland sedimentation occurred from 1919 to 1936, when the estimated overbank sedimentation rate was 20,400 m(3) yr(-1). This rate exceeded by nearly 30 times the 1846-1886 rate. Artificial levees were constructed along the upper reach of Halfway Creek in the marsh during the early twentieth century to restrict flooding on the adjacent bottomlands. Anomalously high overbank sedimentation rates subsequently occurred on the floodplain between the levees, which also facilitated more efficient transport of sediment into the lower marsh bottomland. Although overbank sedimentation rates dropped after 1936, corresponding to the widespread adoption of soil-conservation and agricultural best-management practices, the continuation of anomalously high overbank sedimentation between the levees led to increased bank heights and development of a relatively deep channel. The deep cross-section morphology is commonly mistaken as evidence of channel incision; however, this morphology actually resulted from excessive overbank sedimentation. The historical metamorphosis of the Halfway Creek channel and riparian wetlands underscores the importance of understanding the long-term history of channel and floodplain evolution when restoration of channels and riparian wetlands are under consideration. Sedimentation patterns and channel morphology for Halfway Creek Marsh probably are representative of other anthropogenically altered riparian wetlands in the Upper Mississippi River System and simlar landscapes elsewhere. C1 [Fitzpatrick, Faith A.] US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, FA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. FU USEPA and USGS [DW14996301] FX This study was made possible by the assistance of many people, who allowed land access, assisted with fi eldwork, provided historical information, and reviewed and assisted with preparation of the manuscript. We are very grateful for permission to collect sediment cores on the property of John McHugh, Dale Emery (Stonehearth Kennels), Calvin Paudler, and Richard Knutson. Calvin Paudler and Ernest Knudson provided useful historical insights on dam history, channel location, and levee building. Field assistance was provided by Lindsay Theis Spigel (University of WisconsinMadison) for hand coring and surveying, and James Rauman (USGS) and Jason Smith (USGS) for geoprobe coring. James Nissen (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) assisted with access to the refuge, fi eldwork, technical assistance, and historical information. Peter Hughes (USGS) provided tech- nical assistance with the scope of the study as well as fi eld assistance. Eleanor Lawry (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources) helped to access the dam nspection notes for the Holmen Dam. Marie Peppler (USGS) assisted with map over lays, cross-section layouts, and report illustrations. The authors are grateful for technical reviews by Randy Hines (USGS) and an anonymous reviewer. Research support was provided by an Interagency Agreement (DW14996301) between USEPA and USGS, and an Evjue-Bascom Professorship to J.C. Knox. The views expressed herein in no manner represent or reflect current or planned policy by the USEP. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2451-5 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 451 BP 23 EP 42 DI 10.1130/2009.2451(02) PG 20 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMN95 UT WOS:000273004100003 ER PT S AU Madej, MA Ozaki, V AF Madej, Mary Ann Ozaki, Vicki BE James, LA Rathburn, SL Whittecar, GR TI Persistence of effects of high sediment loading in a salmon-bearing river, northern California SO MANAGEMENT AND RESTORATION OF FLUVIAL SYSTEMS WITH BROAD HISTORICAL CHANGES AND HUMAN IMPACTS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 28-31, 2007 CL Denver, CO SP Geol Soc Amer ID NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; REDWOOD CREEK; CHANNEL; RECOVERY; TRANSPORT; TIME AB Regional high-magnitude rainstorms have produced several large floods in north coastal California during the last century, which resulted in extensive mass-movement activity and channel aggradation. Channel monitoring in Redwood Creek, through the use of cross-sectional surveys, thalweg profiles, and pebble counts, has documented the persistence and routing of channel-stored sediment following these large floods in the 1960s and 1970s. Channel response varied on the basis of timing of peak aggradation. Channel-stored sediment was evacuated rapidly from the upstream third of the Redwood Creek channel, and the channel bed stabilized by 1985 as the bed coarsened. Currently only narrow remnants of flood deposits remain and are well vegetated. In the downstream reach, channel aggradation peaked in the 1990s, and the channel is still incising. Channel-bed elevations throughout the watershed showed an approximate exponential decrease with time, but decay rates were highest in areas with the thickest flood deposits. Pool frequencies and depths generally increased from 1977 to 1995, as did median residual water depths, but a 10 yr flood in 1997 resulted in a moderate reversal of this trend. Channel aggradation generated during 25 yr return interval floods has persisted in Redwood Creek for more than 30 yr and has impacted many life cycles of salmon. Watershed restoration work is currently focused on correcting erosion problems on hillslopes to reduce future sediment supply to Redwood Creek instead of attempting in-channel manipulations. C1 [Madej, Mary Ann] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Ozaki, Vicki] Redwood Natl & State Parks, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Madej, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2451-5 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 451 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1130/2009.2451(03) PG 13 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMN95 UT WOS:000273004100004 ER PT S AU Hupp, CR Schenk, ER Richter, JM Peet, RK Townsend, PA AF Hupp, Cliff R. Schenk, Edward R. Richter, Jean M. Peet, Robert K. Townsend, Philip A. BE James, LA Rathburn, SL Whittecar, GR TI Bank erosion along the dam-regulated lower Roanoke River, North Carolina SO MANAGEMENT AND RESTORATION OF FLUVIAL SYSTEMS WITH BROAD HISTORICAL CHANGES AND HUMAN IMPACTS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 28-31, 2007 CL Denver, CO SP Geol Soc Amer ID FLOW REGULATION; UNITED-STATES; GREEN RIVER; CHANNEL; DOWNSTREAM; VEGETATION; USA; GEOMORPHOLOGY; INSTABILITY; SEDIMENT AB Dam construction and its impact on downstream fluvial processes may substantially alter ambient bank stability and erosion. Three high dams (completed between 1953 and 1963) were built along the Piedmont portion of the Roanoke River, North Carolina; just downstream the lower part of the river flows across largely unconsolidated Coastal Plain deposits. To document bank erosion rates along the lower Roanoke River, >700 bank-erosion pins were installed along 66 bank transects. Additionally, discrete measurements of channel bathymetry, turbidity, and presence or absence of mass wasting were documented along the entire study reach (153 km). A bank-erosion-floodplain-deposition sediment budget was estimated for the lower river. Bank toe erosion related to consistently high low-flow stages may play a large role in increased mid-and upper-bank erosion. Present bank-erosion rates are relatively high and are greatest along the middle reaches (mean 63 mm/yr) and on lower parts of the bank on all reaches. Erosion rates were likely higher along upstream reaches than present erosion rates, such that erosion-rate maxima have since migrated downstream. Mass wasting and turbidity also peak along the middle reaches; floodplain sedimentation systematically increases downstream in the study reach. The lower Roanoke River is net depositional (on floodplain) with a surplus of similar to 2,800,000 m(3)/yr. Results suggest that unmeasured erosion, particularly mass wasting, may partly explain this surplus and should be part of sediment budgets downstream of dams. C1 [Hupp, Cliff R.; Schenk, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Windsor, CT 27983 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hupp, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RI Townsend, Philip/B-5741-2008; OI Townsend, Philip/0000-0001-7003-8774; Schenk, Edward/0000-0001-6886-5754; Peet, Robert/0000-0003-2823-6587 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); USGS; Universities of North Carolina and Wisconsin; National Science Foundation (NSF); The Nature Conservancy (TNC) FX The authors are grateful for the field and laboratory assistance provided by numerous individuals, including P. Mike Shackleford, Cody Hoehna, Russel Gray, and Katie Brutche. We especially appreciate the help of Dan Kroes, who was instrumental in thedesign and installation of the bank transects. This study was funded, in part, by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and previous studies by the USGS and the Universities of North Carolina and Wisconsin, which were funded, in part, by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and The Nature Conservancy (TNC) on floodplain-sediment trap- ping, and also sediment-transport studies conducted by the USGS North Carolina Water Science Center. The manuscript benefi ted from critical reviews by Kyle Juracek, Phil Turnipseed, and two anonymous reviewers; their efforts are greatly appreciated NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 20 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2451-5 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 451 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1130/2009.2451(06) PG 12 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMN95 UT WOS:000273004100007 ER PT S AU Elliott, JG Capesius, JP AF Elliott, John G. Capesius, Joseph P. BE James, LA Rathburn, SL Whittecar, GR TI Geomorphic changes resulting from floods in reconfigured gravel-bed river channels in Colorado, USA SO MANAGEMENT AND RESTORATION OF FLUVIAL SYSTEMS WITH BROAD HISTORICAL CHANGES AND HUMAN IMPACTS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 28-31, 2007 CL Denver, CO SP Geol Soc Amer ID FLOW COMPETENCE; RESTORATION PROJECTS; STREAMS; CLASSIFICATION; ENTRAINMENT; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; DESIGN; MOTION; LOAD AB Geomorphic changes in reconfigured reaches of three Colorado rivers in response to floods in 2005 provide a benchmark for "restoration" assessment. Sedimententrainment potential is expressed as the ratio of the shear stress from the 2 yr, 5 yr, 10 yr, and 2005 floods to the critical shear stress for sediment. Some observed response was explained by the excess of flood shear stress relative to the resisting force of the sediment. Bed-load entrainment in the Uncompahgre River and the North Fork Gunnison River, during 4 and 6 yr floods respectively, resulted in streambed scour, streambed deposition, lateral-bar accretion, and channel migration at various locations. Some constructed boulder and log structures failed because of high rates of bank erosion or bed-material deposition. The Lake Fork showed little or no net change after the 2005 flood; however, this channel had not conveyed floods greater than the 2.5 yr flood since reconfiguration. Channel slope and the 2 yr flood, a surrogate for bankfull discharge, from all three reconfigured reaches plotted above the Leopold and Wolman channel-pattern threshold in the "braided channel" region, indicating that braiding, rather than a single-thread meandering channel, and midchannel bar formation may be the natural tendency of these gravel-bed reaches. When plotted against a total stream-power and median-sediment-size threshold for the 2 yr flood, however, the Lake Fork plotted in the "single-thread channel" region, the North Fork Gunnison plotted in the "multiplethread" region, and the Uncompahgre River plotted on the threshold. All three rivers plotted in the multiple-thread region for floods of 5 yr recurrence or greater. C1 [Elliott, John G.; Capesius, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Elliott, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2451-5 J9 GEOL S AM S PY 2009 VL 451 BP 173 EP 198 DI 10.1130/2009.2451(12) PG 26 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMN95 UT WOS:000273004100013 ER PT J AU Kennedy, BM Baumsteiger, J Gale, WL Ardren, WR Ostrand, KG AF Kennedy, Benjamen M. Baumsteiger, Jason Gale, William L. Ardren, William R. Ostrand, Kenneth G. TI Morphological, Physiological, and Genetic Techniques for Improving Field Identification of Steelhead, Coastal Cutthroat Trout, and Hybrid Smolts SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB In streams with sympatric populations of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and coastal cutthroat trout O. clarkii clarkii (hereafter, cutthroat trout), life history descriptions and smolt production estimates may be hampered by misclassification of hybrids as steelhead or cutthroat trout. Additionally, important morphological and physiological differences between hybrid and non-hybird smolts are often unknown. Therefore, we assessed field classification and created classification models to quantify and reduce misclassification rates among migrating steelhead, cutthroat trout, and hybrid smolts. Field misclassifications of smolts with steelhead or cutthroat trout genotypes were low (1% and 2%, respectively). However, field misclassification of fish with hybrid genotypes was high, with 11% of the hybrids being misclassified as steelhead and 42% of the hybrids being misclassified as cutthroat trout. Hybrid smolts were larger, had lower gill Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activities, and lower condition factors than steelhead but were similar to cutthroat trout smolts in these same measurements. Additionally, statistical classification analyses using morphological traits including subterminal jaw slash intensity, hyoid teeth presence, maxillary length, breaks of pigment along outer margin of adipose fin, condition factor, and migration date improved classification error rates of hybrids from 53% to 21%. In systems with sympatric populations of steelhead and cutthroat trout, we recommend a thorough evaluation of field-based identification methods with genetic techniques to assess the effectiveness of field-based classification in addition to examining important life history differences among steelhead, cutthroat trout, and their hybrids. C1 [Kennedy, Benjamen M.; Baumsteiger, Jason; Gale, William L.; Ardren, William R.; Ostrand, Kenneth G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Washington, DC 98632 USA. RP Kennedy, BM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Washington, DC 98632 USA. EM benjamen_kennedy@fws.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [016522] FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank S. Wolthausen, B. Allen, and P. Hanratty of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for operation of the screw trap on Abernathy Creek; J. Samagaio and B. Savelli of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Abernathy Fish Technology Center for help at the screw trap; and M. Hudson, J. Hogle, J. Johnson, and J. Brunzell of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Columbia River Program Office for help during fall electrofishing. We also thank M. Diggs for genotyping the fish examined in this study. Partial funding for this project was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration (Contract 016522). Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1577/C08-006.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PV UT WOS:000208152800005 ER PT J AU Cross, AD Beauchamp, DA Moss, JH Myers, KW AF Cross, Alison D. Beauchamp, David A. Moss, Jamal H. Myers, Katherine W. TI Interannual Variability in Early Marine Growth, Size-Selective Mortality, and Marine Survival for Prince William Sound Pink Salmon SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB The main objective of this study was to use scale patterns to compare the early marine growth of the average pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha with that of fish from the same year-class that survived to adulthood to gain insight on critical periods for growth and survival. During 2001-2004, pink salmon that survived to adulthood were larger and grew faster than the average juvenile throughout the first growing season, indicating that larger, faster-growing juveniles experienced higher survival. Growth rate declined from mid-late June to early-mid-July for both juveniles at-large and fish that survived to adulthood. The adult survivors then grew at a faster rate than the average juvenile through September. Both the juvenile pink salmon population at-large and all cohorts that survived to adulthood grew at a faster rate during high-survival years than low-survival years from mid-late June to mid-late August. Greater variability in the growth trajectories of surviving adults was observed during high-survival years, potentially a result of diversified feeding or distribution strategies. This study supports findings that significant size-selective mortality of juvenile pink salmon occurs after the first growing season. Investigating the timing and magnitude of size-selective mortality on juvenile pink salmon during their first growing season is an initial step toward understanding the processes regulating growth and survival. C1 [Cross, Alison D.; Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife & Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moss, Jamal H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Myers, Katherine W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, High Seas Salmon Res Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cross, AD (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife & Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM crossad@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation GLOBEC [0106139]; U.S. Geological Survey; Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Washington; Washington Departments of Fish and Wildlife, Ecology, and Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Nancy Davis, Trey Walker, and Janet Armstrong (High Seas Salmon Program, University of Washington) for help in collecting and processing scales. Lew Haldorson, Jennifer Boldt, Jack Piccolo, and Mikhail Blikshteyn (University of Alaska, Fair-banks-Juneau) helped collect samples, supplied additional data, and helped with project development. The OCC program of the National Marine Fisheries Service provided adult scales collected during the summer of 2003. We are also grateful to Captain Mark Hottmann and the crew of the RV Pandalus for help in the field and to Dave Reggiani (Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation) and Ken Morgan (Valdez Fisheries Development Association). This research was made possible by funding from National Science Foundation GLOBEC Grant 0106139 (Contribution 20), the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, which is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington; Washington Departments of Fish and Wildlife, Ecology, and Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute; and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1577/C08-005.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PV UT WOS:000208152800006 ER PT J AU Grimaldo, LF Stewart, AR Kimmerer, W AF Grimaldo, Lenny F. Stewart, A. Robin Kimmerer, Wim TI Dietary Segregation of Pelagic and Littoral Fish Assemblages in a Highly Modified Tidal Freshwater Estuary SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Estuarine food webs are highly variable and complex, making identification of their trophic pathways difficult. Energy for the food web of the San Francisco Estuary is thought to be based largely on in situ phytoplankton production, but little attention has been paid to littoral habitats, where other energy sources may be important. We analyzed the stomach contents of over 960 juvenile fishes and the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of these fishes and their potential food resources in pelagic and littoral habitats from the tidal freshwater area of the estuary. The mixing model IsoSource was used to examine energy sources important to consumers. Our results show evidence of two predominant food web pathways. Pelagic fishes and some littoral fishes showed strong dependence on a zooplankton-phytoplankton trophic pathway. However, the majority of fishes in littoral habitats had diets and carbon isotope ratios consistent with energy arising from submerged aquatic vegetation and epiphytic macroalgae. IsoSource revealed that the overall majority of nutrition of littoral fishes originated from consumption of grazer amphipods. Examining both stable isotopes and stomach contents allowed us to identify a food web with contributions to resident fishes that had been previously underestimated in the estuary. This study provides insight to how estuarine food webs have changed over the last few decades and highlights why the functions of habitats must be understood for effective restoration planning. C1 [Grimaldo, Lenny F.; Kimmerer, Wim] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Grimaldo, Lenny F.] Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Serv, Aquat Ecol Sect, W Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. [Stewart, A. Robin] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Grimaldo, LF (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, 3152 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. EM lgrimaldo@mp.usbr.gov FU Interagency Ecological Program; CALFED Bay-Delta FX We gratefully acknowledge the Interagency Ecological Program and CALFED Bay-Delta Science program for funding and project support. Data provided by Jim Cloern were instrumental for the interpretation of our results. We thank Ryon Kurth, Eric Santos, Alicia Seesholtz, Jody Sears, Chris Peregrin, Robert Miller, Tanya Veldhuizen, Cindy Messer, Bill Harrell, and Janet Thompson for field assistance. We thank Rosa Laucci, Gavin O Leary, Steve Zeug, and Wayne Fields for laboratory assistance and insect identifications and Dave Harris for running the stable isotope samples. We thank Ted Sommer, Matt Nobriga, Fred Feyrer, Janet Thompson, James Cloern, Elizabeth Canuel, and Anke Mueller-Solger for valuable study design input and assistance. This article was improved through the thoughtful suggestions of anonymous peer reviewers. NR 83 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 200 EP 217 DI 10.1577/C08-013.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PV UT WOS:000208152800016 ER PT J AU Belcher, CN Jennings, CA AF Belcher, Carolyn N. Jennings, Cecil A. TI Use of a Fishery-Independent Trawl Survey to Evaluate Distribution Patterns of Subadult Sharks in Georgia SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB We investigated the utility of a fishery-independent trawl survey for assessing a potential multispecies shark nursery in Georgia's nearshore and inshore waters. A total of 234 subadult sharks from six species were captured during 85 of 216 trawls. Catch rates and size distributions for subadult sharks and the ratio of neonates to juveniles were consistent among areas. The highest concentrations of subadult sharks occurred in creeks and sounds. Species composition varied among areas. The Atlantic sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae was the most abundant species in sound and nearshore stations, whereas the bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo was the most abundant species in creeks. The aggregate of other species occurred with higher frequency in the sounds and nearshore. Sampling characteristics of the trawl survey were compared with those from a fishery-independent longline survey of subadult sharks to assess the similarity of the two gears. A total of 193 subadult sharks from seven species were captured during 57 of 96 longline sets, whereas 52 subadults from four species were captured during 20 of 48 trawls. Selectivity and efficiency differed between the two gears. The trawl had lower catch rates, caught smaller sharks, and encountered a different suite of species than the longline. General seasonal trends in relative abundance also differed between the two gears; the longline showed an increasing trend in abundance, whereas the trawl showed a stable trend. Although trawls were not found to be efficient for sampling subadult sharks from most species, they can be a useful source of supplemental data. C1 [Belcher, Carolyn N.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Marine Fisheries Sect, Coastal Resources Div, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. [Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Belcher, CN (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Marine Fisheries Sect, Coastal Resources Div, 1 Conservat Way,Suite 300, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. EM carolyn_belcher@dnr.state.ga.us FU National Marine Fisheries Service's Highly Migratory Species Division in Silver Spring, Maryland; U.S. Geological Survey; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management Institute FX The University of Georgia Marine Extension Service provided field support and personnel needed to conduct this project. Robert Cooper, Gary Grossman, Gene Helfman, and Randy Walker provided useful comments and editorial suggestions to drafts of this article. Funding for this project was administered through the National Marine Fisheries Service's Apex Predator Program in Narragansett, Rhode Island, as part of a larger cooperative grant sponsored by National Marine Fisheries Service's Highly Migratory Species Division in Silver Spring, Maryland. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Mention of trade names or commercial firms does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 218 EP 229 DI 10.1577/C08-019.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PV UT WOS:000208152800017 ER PT J AU Smith, WE Scharf, FS Hightower, JE AF Smith, William E. Scharf, Frederick S. Hightower, Joseph E. TI Fishing Mortality in North Carolina's Southern Flounder Fishery: Direct Estimates of Instantaneous Fishing Mortality from a Tag Return Experiment SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Estimation of harvest rates is often a critical component of fishery stock assessment and management. These assessments are often based on catch-at-age data sets generated over many years, but estimates of instantaneous fishing mortality (F) can also be obtained from a shorter-term tag return study. We conducted a 2-year tag return experiment to generate direct estimates of F for southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma in a North Carolina estuary. The southern flounder supports lucrative commercial and recreational fisheries within the state and has experienced heavy fishing pressure for more than a decade. During 2005 and 2006, fish were captured and tagged with the assistance of commercial harvesters in the New River estuary. Tag returns were used to generate monthly estimates of F, which demonstrated a clear seasonal pattern that was consistent between years. Several important assumptions of the tag return model were accounted for through the use of double-tagged individuals, the distribution of both high- and standard-reward tags, and the completion of an independent controlled experiment to evaluate mortality related to tagging. Annual estimates of F exceeded the short-term management target in both years. Residual patterns suggest that the estimates may actually have been biased low, possibly due to delayed mixing of tagged fish. Thus, despite recently amended fishery regulations, F in the North Carolina southern flounder gill-net fishery still has the potential to greatly exceed targeted levels, which may delay stock recovery. Tag return studies can provide reliable (and nearly real-time) information about F and natural mortality as long as the experimental design addresses specific assumptions related to tagging-induced mortality, tag shedding, and nonreporting of tags. C1 [Smith, William E.; Scharf, Frederick S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Smith, WE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, 100 Brooks Ave,Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM wes2316@gmail.com FU North Carolina Sea Grant Fishery Resource Grant Program; University of North Carolina-Wilmington FX Funding for this study was provided by the North Carolina Sea Grant Fishery Resource Grant Program and the University of North Carolina-Wilmington. We thank the New River commercial gill-net fishermen who aided in capturing fish for tagging as well as the flounder fishers who recovered previously tagged southern flounder. Without the participation of fishers, this project would not have been possible. Helpful discussions with Ken Pollock, Nate Bacheler, and Summer Burdick facilitated the modeling of data collected during this study. Kevin Craig (North Carolina State University) conducted the laboratory experiment for generating the estimate of s and provided additional insight. New River water temperature data were provided by Mike Mallin (University of North Carolina-Wilmington). Commercial harvest data for southern flounder in North Carolina were kindly provided by Alan Bianchi of the NCDMF. Analyses of these data and any conclusions drawn are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NCDMF. Comments from two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the quality of this article. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 283 EP 299 DI 10.1577/C09-009.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PV UT WOS:000208152800022 ER PT J AU Ostrand, KG Simpson, WG Suski, CD Bryson, AJ AF Ostrand, Kenneth G. Simpson, William G. Suski, Cory D. Bryson, Amanda J. TI Behavioral and Physiological Response of White Sturgeon to an Electrical Sea Lion Barrier System SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Action agencies have encouraged the development of a modified electrical fish barrier system to deter upstream movements of California sea lions Zalophus californianus as a means to reduce their predation on returning adult Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. within rivers along the West Coast of North America. Given that the barrier system does not discriminate which species will experience electrical shock, we studied the potential effects of the sea lion barrier on the survival, behavior, physiology, and injury of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. Fish subjected to acute electroshock had high survival (100%). Conversely, fish that became entrained within the electric field and therefore experienced chronic electroshock had lower survival (93%). White sturgeon altered their behavior by spending significantly more time avoiding the area over the barrier when electrical power was applied as compared with controls. Fish that experienced acute electroshock spent more time remaining motionless, presumably recovering from physiological disturbance. Our results indicate that white sturgeon had significantly higher plasma lactate than controls and that lactate remained at elevated levels for at least 4 h after electroshock. Plasma glucose, ion concentrations (chloride, sodium, and potassium), and indicators of cell damage (plasma hemoglobin and enzyme activity of aspartate transaminase) did not differ between electroshocked fish and controls. We did not observe any notable hemorrhages or notochord injuries in white sturgeon that experienced electrical shock. Our results suggest that the location for the electrical barrier system should be rigorously examined before barrier deployment and that the dates, frequency, and duration of use should be further refined to ensure that negative effects on nontarget species such as white sturgeon are minimized. C1 [Ostrand, Kenneth G.; Simpson, William G.; Bryson, Amanda J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Suski, Cory D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ostrand, KG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM kenneth_ostrand@fws.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife [2007-524-00] FX This project was funded through a grant provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife (Project Number 2007-524-00). We thank Smith-Root, Inc. and M. Holliman for construction and installation of the abatement system and for collecting and providing the electrical data. We thank B. Kennedy, J. Poole, J. Holmes, J. Samagaio, and M. Van Landeghem for assistance with data collection and processing. We also thank J. Brady for administrative support. We acknowledge the review of earlier drafts of this article by C. Burger and P. Crandell. We are indebted to M. Mesa, the editors, and the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments regarding this article. The findings and conclusions in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 363 EP 377 DI 10.1577/C09-039.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PV UT WOS:000208152800028 ER PT J AU Blakeslee, AMH Keogh, CL Byers, JE Kuris, AM Lafferty, KD Torchin, ME AF Blakeslee, April M. H. Keogh, Carolyn L. Byers, James E. Kuris, Armand M. Lafferty, Kevin D. Torchin, Mark E. TI Differential escape from parasites by two competing introduced crabs SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Carcinus maenas; Hemigrapsus sanguineus; Introduced species; Parasite richness; Parasite prevalence ID ASIAN SHORE CRAB; HEMIGRAPSUS-SANGUINEUS; CARCINUS-MAENAS; RHIZOCEPHALAN BARNACLE; METACERCARIAE DIGENEA; INVASIVE PREDATOR; SPECIES RICHNESS; MARINE ORGANISMS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; BLUE MUSSEL AB Although introduced species often interact with one another in their novel communities, the role of parasites in these interactions remains less clear. We examined parasite richness and prevalence in 2 shorecrab species with different invasion histories and residency times in an introduced region where their distributions overlap broadly. On the northeastern coast of the USA, the Asian shorecrab Hemigrapsus sanguineus was discovered 20 yr ago, while the European green crab Carcinus maenas has been established for over 200 yr. We used literature and field surveys to evaluate parasitism in both crabs in their native and introduced ranges. We found only 1 parasite species infecting H. sanguineus on the US East Coast compared to 6 species in its native range, while C. maenas was host to 3 parasite species on the East Coast compared to 10 in its native range. The prevalence of parasite infection was also lower for both crabs in the introduced range compared to their native ranges; however, the difference was almost twice as much for H. sanguineus as for C.maenas. There are several explanations that could contribute to C. maenas' greater parasite diversity than that of H. sanguineus on the US East Coast, including differences in susceptibility, time since introduction, manner of introduction (vector), distance from native range, taxonomic isolation, and the potential for parasite identification bias. Our study underscores not just that non-native species lose parasites upon introduction, but that they may do so differentially, with ramifications for their direct interactions and with potential community-level influences. C1 [Blakeslee, April M. H.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Marine Invas Lab, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Keogh, Carolyn L.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Byers, James E.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Torchin, Mark E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Blakeslee, AMH (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Marine Invas Lab, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM blakesleea@si.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU CSIRO Australia Marine Division; National Sea Grant College Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); US Department of Commerce [NA06RG0142]; California Sea Grant College System [R/CZ162]; California State Resources Agency, and by the NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program [NSF DEB0224565]; Global Invasions Network NSF RCN [DEB-0541673] FX We thank I. Altman, M. Blakeslee, J, Carlton, J. Dijkstra, C. Hamer, R. Hechinger, R. Houghton, R. Seeley, G. Vazquez-Prokopec, the Shoals Marine Lab, the 2007 SML REU students, and the SERC Marine Invasions lab. A.M.H.B. and C.L.K. were funded by the Isles of Shoals NSF REU program. A.M.K. and K.D.L. were funded by the following sources: CSIRO Australia Marine Division, the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), US Department of Commerce under grant number NA06RG0142, project number R/CZ162, through the California Sea Grant College System, and in part by the California State Resources Agency, and by the NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program (NSF DEB0224565). Collaboration on this work was also facilitated by the Global Invasions Network NSF RCN DEB-0541673. NR 69 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 393 BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.3354/meps08225 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 525BJ UT WOS:000272187800008 ER PT J AU Shultz, MT Piatt, JF Harding, AMA Kettle, AB Van Pelt, TI AF Shultz, Michael T. Piatt, John F. Harding, Ann M. A. Kettle, Arthur B. Van Pelt, Thomas I. TI Timing of breeding and reproductive performance in murres and kittiwakes reflect mismatched seasonal prey dynamics SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Phenology; Climate change; Food availability; Forage fish; Rissa tridactyla; Uria aalge ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; LOWER COOK INLET; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; OCEAN CLIMATE; COMMUNITY REORGANIZATION; FOOD AVAILABILITY; URIA-AALGE; AMMODYTES-HEXAPTERUS; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; ATLANTIC PUFFIN AB Seabirds are thought to time breeding to match the seasonal peak of food availability with peak chick energetic demands, but warming ocean temperatures have altered the timing of spring events, creating the potential for mismatches. The resilience of seabird populations to climate change depends on their ability to anticipate changes in the timing and magnitude of peak food availability and 'fine-tune' efforts to match ('Anticipation Hypothesis'). The degree that inter-annual variation in seabird timing of breeding and reproductive performance represents anticipated food availability versus energetic constraints ('Constraint Hypothesis') is poorly understood. We examined the relative merits of the Constraint and Anticipation Hypotheses by testing 2 predictions of the Constraint Hypothesis: (1) seabird timing of breeding is related to food availability prior to egg laying rather than the date of peak food availability, (2) initial reproductive output (e.g. laying success, clutch size) is related to pre-lay food availability rather than anticipated chick-rearing food availability. We analyzed breeding biology data of common murres Uria aalge and black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla and 2 proxies of the seasonal dynamics of their food availability (near-shore forage fish abundance and sea-surface temperature) at 2 colonies in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA, from 1996 to 1999. Our results support the Constraint Hypothesis: (1) for both species, egg laying was later in years with warmer sea-surface temperature and lower food availability prior to egg laying, but was not related to the date of peak food availability, (2) pre-egg laying food availability explained variation in kittiwake laying success and clutch size. Murre reproductive success was best explained by food availability during chick rearing. C1 [Shultz, Michael T.; Piatt, John F.; Harding, Ann M. A.; Van Pelt, Thomas I.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Shultz, Michael T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99725 USA. [Kettle, Arthur B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Shultz, MT (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mshultz@iastate.edu FU Alaska Science Center (USGS); Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (USFWS); Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (APEX Restoration [96163M, 96163J] FX We thank the following individuals for their contributions to this work: A. Abookire, S. Zador, M. Robards for their leadership with data collection; Y. Arimitsu, J. Benson, D. Black, L. Ochikubo [Chan], A. Chapman, J. Figurski, M. Gray, G. Hoffman, B. Keitt, R. Kitaysky, M Litzow, K. Mangel, A. Nielsen, R. Papish, M. Post, M Schultz, B. Smith, M. Wada, S. Wang, J. Wetzel, S. Wright and S. Zuniga for data collection; G.V. Byrd and B. Smith for assistance with the data archive; G. Snedgen, B. Keitt for logistical support; R. Baxter for his work on the systematic of Alaska fishes; S. Baxter for logistical support; G.V. Byrd and staff of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge; M. and C. Gaegel of the Kasitsna Bay Marine Lab; the residents of Chisik Island, Tuxedni Channel, Halibut Cove, and Kasitsna Bay; the Seldovia Native Association for providing access to Gull Island; A.S. Kitaysky for valuable feedback; and Z.M. Benowitz-Fredericks for support and many helpful comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. Funding and logistical support were provided by the Alaska Science Center (USGS), the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (USFWS), and the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (APEX Restoration Projects 96163M and 96163J) ' We are grateful to 5 anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier drafts. NR 75 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 7 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 393 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.3354/meps08136 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 525BJ UT WOS:000272187800021 ER PT J AU McKee, KL Middleton, BA Proffitt, CE Devlin, DJ AF McKee, Karen L. Middleton, Beth A. Proffitt, C. Edward Devlin, Donna J. TI Perspectives on mosquito impoundments in eastern Florida, USA: Reply to Rey et al. (2009) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Climate change; Sea level rise; Hurricanes; Landscape ecology; Wetland management; Mangrove; Marsh ID INDIAN-RIVER LAGOON; SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; BRACKISH MARSHES; ELEVATION; FISHES; MORTALITY; KATRINA; GROWTH AB A Comment by Rey et al. (2009; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 389:295-300) documents disagreements with Middleton et al. (2008; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 371:117-129), which explored the characteristics of mangrove swamps managed for mosquito control in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA. Rey et al. (2009) provide no data or evidence that invalidate the conclusions in Middleton et al. (2008). Most of the 'factual errors' and 'methodological problems' raised by Rey et at. (2009) are either unfounded or minor points, or reflect differences of opinion regarding appropriate sampling designs and techniques. The disagreement between the two research groups derives mainly from different scientific viewpoints. One is based on a parochial view guided by the immediate needs of local site managers; the other takes a wider view of ecology, which uses a landscape-level approach to develop information with broader application. This Reply Comment clarifies several issues, refocuses attention on the scientific aspects of this discussion, and summarizes information needed to develop a wider perspective for future management of coastal impoundments, especially given anticipated changes in climate, sea level, and other global factors. We discuss the challenges of studying complex ecological systems with the goal of providing useful information to managers, who must often make difficult decisions. C1 [McKee, Karen L.; Middleton, Beth A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Proffitt, C. Edward; Devlin, Donna J.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP McKee, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM mckeek@usgs.gov RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014 OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 389 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.3354/meps08257 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 505EO UT WOS:000270673100025 ER PT J AU Moses, CS Andrefouet, S Kranenburg, CJ Muller-Karger, FE AF Moses, Christopher S. Andrefouet, Serge Kranenburg, Christine J. Muller-Karger, Frank E. TI Regional estimates of reef carbonate dynamics and productivity using Landsat 7 ETM+, and potential impacts from ocean acidification SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Corals; Carbon cycle; Millennium Coral Reef Map ID CORAL-REEFS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMUNITY METABOLISM; GLOBAL CHANGE; ECOSYSTEMS; IKONOS; CO2; CALCIFICATION; ENVIRONMENTS; FLORIDA AB Using imagery at 30 m spatial resolution from the most recent Landsat satellite, the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), we scale up reef metabolic productivity and calcification from local habitat-scale (10(-1) to 10(0) km(2)) measurements to regional scales (10(3) to 10(4) km(2)). Distribution and spatial extent of the North Florida Reef Tract (NFRT) habitats come from supervised classification of the Landsat imagery within independent Landsat-derived Millennium Coral Reef Map geomorphologic classes. This system minimizes the depth range and variability of benthic habitat characteristics found in the area of supervised classification and limits misclassification. Classification of Landsat imagery into 5 biotopes (sand, dense live cover, sparse live cover, seagrass, and sparse seagrass) by geomorphologic class is >73 % accurate at regional scales. Based on recently published habitat-scale in situ metabolic measurements, gross production (P=3.01 x 10(9) kg C yr(-1)), excess production (E = -5.70 x 10(8) kg C yr(-1)), and calcification (G = -1.68 x 10(6) kg CaCO3 yr(-1)) are estimated over 2711 km(2) of the NFRT. Simple models suggest sensitivity of these values to ocean acidification, which will increase local dissolution of carbonate sediments. Similar approaches could be applied over large areas with poorly constrained bathymetry or water column properties and minimal metabolic sampling. This tool has potential applications for modeling and monitoring large-scale environmental impacts on reef productivity, such as the influence of ocean acidification on coral reef environments. C1 [Andrefouet, Serge] IRD, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Moses, Christopher S.; Kranenburg, Christine J.; Muller-Karger, Frank E.] Univ S Florida, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Moses, CS (reprint author), USGS FISC, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM cmoses@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 380 BP 103 EP 115 DI 10.3354/meps07920 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 443JW UT WOS:000265907000009 ER PT J AU Bacheler, NM Paramore, LM Buckel, JA Hightower, JE AF Bacheler, Nathan M. Paramore, Lee M. Buckel, Jeffrey A. Hightower, Joseph E. TI Abiotic and biotic factors influence the habitat use of an estuarine fish SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Habitat use; Spatial distribution; Telemetry; Sciaenops ocellatus; Scale ID JUVENILE RED DRUM; SUBTROPICAL SEAGRASS MEADOWS; GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; MARINE NURSERIES; WINTER FLOUNDER; NORTH-CAROLINA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; GALVESTON BAY AB For migratory fishes that occupy multiple habitats, surveys conducted at different scales may be required to assess habitat use. We used generalized additive models (GAMs) to relate water quality, microhabitat, geographic, and temporal factors to catches of 2 age classes of subadult red drum Sciaenops ocellatus from a 6 yr fishery-independent gill net survey in North Carolina, USA. Age-1 and age-2 red drum were most often caught in shallow, nearshore waters; in some regions, both showed a preference for seagrass. Age-1 red drum were primarily captured at 2 different salinity ranges (0 to 5 and 20 to 30 psu), while age-2 red drum abundance was not related to salinity. A smaller-scale analysis of 36 telemetered age-2 red drum in a small tributary of the Neuse River showed a negative response to salinity, a positive response to dissolved oxygen, a dome-shaped response to prey evenness, and a positive response to total prey. Although subadult red drum can tolerate a wide variety of environmental conditions, our research suggests that they associate with both abiotic and biotic factors in very specific ways. Habitat use patterns of subadult red drum were age-, scale-, and sometimes region-dependent, highlighting the need for examining habitat use patterns of estuarine organisms at multiple life history stages and scales if generalities about how species respond to abiotic and biotic factors are sought. C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.; Buckel, Jeffrey A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Paramore, Lee M.] N Carolina Div Marine Fisheries, Wanchese, NC 27981 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 COAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nbacheler@coas.oregonstate.edu FU Wallop-Breaux, NC Sea [R/MRD-48, R/MRD-52] FX Funding for field work, data collection, and analyses was supported by Wallop-Breaux, NC Sea Grant (#R/MRD-48 and R/MRD-52), and NC Beautiful. We thank S. Burdick, J. Edwards, M. Fox, M. May, W. Mitchell, and J. Morley for field work, and T. Ellis, K. Pollock, J. Gilliam, L. Daniel, and 3 anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 73 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 377 BP 263 EP 277 DI 10.3354/meps07805 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 424HH UT WOS:000264557300025 ER PT J AU Wang, SW Iverson, SJ Springer, AM Hatch, SA AF Wang, Shiway W. Iverson, Sara J. Springer, Alan M. Hatch, Scott A. TI Spatial and temporal diet segregation in northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis breeding in Alaska: insights from fatty acid signatures SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Fatty acids; Northern fulmar; Fulmarus glacialis; Alaska; Diet analysis ID STOMACH OIL; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; PUFFINUS-TENUIROSTRIS; FOOD-WEB; SEABIRDS; INDICATORS; TISSUE; LIPIDS; FISH AB Northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis in the North Pacific Ocean are opportunistic, generalist predators, yet their diets are poorly described; thus, relationships of fulmars to supporting food webs, their utility as indicators of variability in forage fish abundances, and their sensitivity to ecosystem change are not known. We employed fatty acid (FA) signature analysis of adipose tissue from adults (n = 235) and chicks (n = 33) to compare spatial, temporal, and age-related variation in diets of fulmars breeding at 3 colonies in Alaska. FA signatures of adult fulmars differed between colonies within years, and between seasons at individual colonies. Seasonal and spatial differences in signatures were greater than interannual differences at all colonies. Differences in FA signatures reflect differences in diets, probably because the breeding colonies are located in distinct ecoregions which create unique habitats for prey assemblages, and because interannual variation in the physical environment affects the availability of forage species. Differences between FA signatures of adults and chicks in 2003 and 2004 suggest that adults fed chicks different prey than they consumed themselves. Alternatively, if adults relied on the same prey as those fed to chicks, the differences in signatures could have resulted from partial digestion of prey items by adults before chicks were fed, or direct metabolism of FAs by chicks for tissue synthesis before FAs could be deposited into adipose tissue. C1 [Iverson, Sara J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Springer, Alan M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wang, Shiway W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wang, Shiway W.; Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Wang, SW (reprint author), Alaska SeaLife Ctr, 301 Railway Ave,POB 1329, Seward, AK 99664 USA. EM shiway@gmail.com FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Canada; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) [03-16]; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We are indebted to G. Siekaniec, G.V. Byrd, and the staff at Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge for in-kind support of our research efforts. We thank A. Larned, E. Naughter, M. Nielson, N. Bargmann, and A. Ramey for their assistance with field work; S. Temple and S. Lang at Dalhousie University for assistance with lab analyses; A. Kitaysky, C.L. Buck, S. Budge, A. Harding, C. Williams, and E. Murphy and 3 anonymous reviewers for providing critical comments on an earlier manuscript; G. Gew for GIS assistance; and S. Henrichs for use of lab equipment at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Transportation to field sites was provided by the late Captain K. Bell and his crew on the MV 'Tiglax', the U.S. Coast Guard Kodiak Air Station, and the late Captain G. Edwards and crew of the FV 'Big Valley'. This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, and the Ken Turner Memorial Scholarship awarded to S.W.W. Additional support was provided by research and equipment grants to S.J.I. from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Canada, and by the North Pacific Research Board to the project Regime Forcing and Ecosystem Response. The collection of samples complies with the current rules of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC #03-16) at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (Permits 03002, 04-061), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Special Use Permit 03-009, 04-006). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 377 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.3354/meps07863 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 424HH UT WOS:000264557300028 ER PT J AU Sonnenholzner, JI Ladah, LB Lafferty, KD AF Sonnenholzner, Jorge I. Ladah, Lydia B. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Cascading effects of fishing on Galapagos rocky reef communities: reanalysis using corrected data SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Trophic cascade; Fishing; Predation; Population structure; Eucidaris galapagensis; Galapagos Marine Reserve; Ecuador ID SEA-URCHINS; MARINE RESERVES; KELP FOREST; PARACENTROTUS-LIVIDUS; TROPHIC CASCADES; PROTECTED AREAS; CORAL-REEFS; ISLANDS; VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT AB This article replaces Sonenholzner et al. (2007; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 343:77-85), which was retracted on September 19, 2007, due to errors in entry of data on sea urchins. We sampled 10 highly fished and 10 (putatively) lightly fished shallow rocky reefs in the southeastern area of the Galapagos Marine Reserve, Ecuador. After the correction, these are the new results: there was a negative association between slate-pencil urchins Eucidaris galapagensis and non-coralline algae. In addition, pencil urchins were less abundant where there were many predators. An indirect positive association between predators and non-coralline algae occurred. Fishing appeared to affect this trophic cascade. The spiny. lobster Panulirus penicillatus, the slipper lobster Scyllarides astori, and the Mexican hogfish Bodianus diplotaenia were significantly less abundant at highly fished sites. Urchin density was higher at highly fished sites. Non-coralline algae were nearly absent from highly fished sites, where a continuous carpet of the anemone Aiptasia sp. was recorded, and the algal assemblage was mainly structured by encrusting coralline and articulated calcareous algae. C1 [Sonnenholzner, Jorge I.; Ladah, Lydia B.] CICESE, Dept Biol Oceanog, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Ladah, LB (reprint author), CICESE, Dept Biol Oceanog, POB 434844, San Diego, CA 92143 USA. EM lladah@cicese.mx RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU Charles Darwin Research Station (CDRS); Galapagos National Park Service (GNPS); GNPS; World Bank; OEA/LASPAU; AMELIS CONACYT [J37689-V]; Inter-American Development Bank FX We gratefully acknowledge the staff and scientists of the Charles Darwin Research Station (CDRS) for their assistance and the Galapagos National Park Service (GNPS) for granting the research permits, logistic support and permission to use data. CDRS data were used for 2 of the sample-Caamano Island (May and June, 2002) and Punta Estrada (June 2002). The GNPS provided a large boat for long trips. EcoCiencia provided an inflatable motorboat. The crew was provided by EcoCiencia and the Ecuadorian Marines, as well as by the GNPS. This study was part of a group project between EcoCiencia, the GNPS and the Ecuadorian Marines, and was funded by the World Bank with additional funding from OEA/LASPAU and AMELIS CONACYT J37689-V grants and a loan from the Inter-American Development Bank through GNPS. Mike Behrens and Nick Shears provided comments on an earlier draft. Brian Kinlan helped with the SST and CTD temperature data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 35 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 375 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.3354/meps07890 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 410WS UT WOS:000263609600018 ER PT J AU Newsome, SD Etnier, MA Monson, DH Fogel, ML AF Newsome, Seth D. Etnier, Michael A. Monson, Daniel H. Fogel, Marilyn L. TI Retrospective characterization of ontogenetic shifts in killer whale diets via delta C-13 and delta N-15 analysis of teeth SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Orcinus orca; Stable isotopes; Weaning; Tooth annuli; Dietary specialization ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; ORCINUS-ORCA; NITROGEN ISOTOPE; STABLE-ISOTOPES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; FEEDING ECOLOGY; MARINE MAMMALS AB Metabolically inert, accretionary structures such as the dentin growth layers in teeth provide a life history record of individual diet with near-annual resolution. We constructed ontogenetic delta C-13 and delta N-15 profiles by analyzing tooth dentin growth layers from 13 individual killer whales Orcinus orca collected in the eastern northeast Pacific Ocean between 1961. and 2003. The individuals sampled were 6 to 52 yr old, representing 2 ecotypes-resident and transient-collected across similar to 25 degrees of latitude. The average isotopic values of transient individuals (n = 1.0) are consistent with a reliance on mammalian prey, while the average isotopic values of residents (n = 3) are consistent with piscivory. Regardless of ecotype, most individuals show a decrease in delta N-15 values of similar to 2.5 parts per thousand. through the first 3 yr of life, roughly equivalent to a decrease of one trophic level. We interpret this as evidence of gradual weaning, after which, ontogenetic shifts in isotopic values are highly variable. A few individuals (n = 2) maintained relatively stable delta N-15 and delta C-13 values throughout the remainder of their lives, whereas delta N-15 values of most (n = 11) increased by similar to 1.5 parts per thousand, suggestive of an ontogenetic increase in trophic level. Significant differences in mean delta C-13 and delta N-15 values among transients collected off California suggest that individuality in prey preferences may be prevalent within this ecotype. Our approach provides retrospective individual life history and dietary information that cannot be obtained through traditional field observations of free-ranging and elusive species such as killer whales, including unique historic ecological information that pre-dates modern studies. By providing insights into individual diet composition, stable isotope analysis of teeth and/or bones may be the only means of evaluating a number of hypothesized historical dietary shifts in killer whales of the northeast Pacific Ocean. C1 [Newsome, Seth D.; Fogel, Marilyn L.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Monson, Daniel H.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Newsome, SD (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM snewsome@ciw.edu RI Monson, Daniel/N-4469-2013 OI Monson, Daniel/0000-0002-4593-5673 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0345943]; Carnegie Institution for Science; Mia J. Tegner Memorial Student Research Grant Program in Historical Ecology; Myers Oceanographic; Marine Biology Trust; UCSC Long Marine Laboratory; PADI Foundation FX We thank the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (Seattle, WA) and Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History (Santa Barbara, CA) for generous access to historic killer whale teeth. We also thank M. King and C. Matkin for providing teeth from the AT1 transients and M. Wooller and L. Quackenbush (University of Alaska-Fairbanks) for access to the AK resident tooth (AF 57355); E. Krivak-Tetley and J. R. Waldbauer for laboratory assistance; and L. Adams, D. Bain, and A. C. Jakle for constructive reviews. S.D.N. was partially funded by a National Science Foundation grant (OCE-0345943), the Carnegie Institution for Science, generous support from the Mia J. Tegner Memorial Student Research Grant Program in Historical Ecology, Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust, UCSC Long Marine Laboratory, and the PADI Foundation. NR 75 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 33 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 374 BP 229 EP 242 DI 10.3354/meps07747 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 405LW UT WOS:000263227300020 ER PT J AU Lee, H Shum, CK Yi, YC Ibaraki, M Kim, JW Braun, A Kuo, CY Lu, Z AF Lee, Hyongki Shum, C. K. Yi, Yuchan Ibaraki, Motomu Kim, Jin-Woo Braun, Alexander Kuo, Chung-Yen Lu, Zhong TI Louisiana Wetland Water Level Monitoring Using Retracked TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimetry SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Satellite radar altimetry; Louisiana wetlands; water level change; waveform retracking; stackfile ID MARSH VEGETATION TYPES; RADAR ALTIMETER; AMAZON BASIN; PLAIN; GEOSAT; LAND AB Previous studies using satellite radar altimetry to observe inland river and wetland water level changes usually spatially average high-rate (10-Hz for TOPEX, 18-Hz for Envisat) measurements. Here we develop a technique to apply retracking of TOPEX waveforms by optimizing the estimated retracked gate positions using the Offset Center of Gravity retracker. This study, for the first time, utilizes stacking of retracked TOPEX data over Louisiana wetland and concludes that the water level observed by each of 10-Hz data with along-track sampling of similar to 660m exhibit variations, indicating detection of wetland dynamics. After further validations using nearby river gauges, we conclude that TOPEX is capable of measuring accurate water level changes beneath heavy-vegetation canopy region ( swamp forest), and that it revealed wetland dynamic flow characteristics along track with spatial scale of 660 m or longer. C1 [Lee, Hyongki] Ohio State Univ, Div Geodet Sci, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Braun, Alexander] Univ Calgary, Dept Geomat Engn, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Kuo, Chung-Yen] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Geomat, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Div Geodet Sci, Sch Earth Sci, 275 Mendenhall Lab,125 S Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lee.2444@osu.edu FU National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency [HM1582-07-1-2024]; National Science Foundation Hydrology [EAR-0440007] FX This research is partially supported by grants from the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's University Research Initiatives Program: HM1582-07-1-2024, National Science Foundation Hydrology program: EAR-0440007, and the Climate, Water, and Carbon Program at the Ohio State University. The TOPEX/POSEIDON data products used in this study are from NASA/JPL PO-DAAC and CNES AVISO. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments which have improved the manuscript. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2009 VL 32 IS 3 BP 284 EP 302 DI 10.1080/01490410903094767 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 502XE UT WOS:000270492900003 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Kim, JW Lee, H Shum, CK Duan, JB Ibaraki, M Akyilmaz, O Read, CH AF Lu, Zhong Kim, Jin-Woo Lee, Hyongki Shum, C. K. Duan, Jianbin Ibaraki, Motomu Akyilmaz, Orhan Read, Chung-Hye TI Helmand River Hydrologic Studies Using ALOS PALSAR InSAR and ENVISAT Altimetry SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Helmand River; water level change; InSAR; satellite altimetry ID WATER-LEVEL CHANGES; RADAR; TOPEX/POSEIDON; LAKES AB The Helmand River wetland represents the only fresh-water resource in southern Afghanistan and one of the least mapped water basins in the world. The relatively narrow wetland consists of mostly marshes surrounded by dry lands. In this study, we demonstrate the use of the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) Interferometric SAR (InSAR) to detect the changes of the Helmand River wetland water level. InSAR images are combined with the geocentric water level measurements from the retracked high-rate (18-Hz) Environmental Satellite (Envisat) radar altimetry to construct absolute water level changes over the marshes. It is demonstrated that the integration of the altimeter and InSAR can provide spatio-temporal measurements of water level variation over the Helmand River marshes where in situ measurements are absent. C1 [Kim, Jin-Woo; Lee, Hyongki; Shum, C. K.; Duan, Jianbin; Ibaraki, Motomu] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [Akyilmaz, Orhan] Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Geodesy & Photogrammetry, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. [Read, Chung-Hye] Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, Basic & Appl Res Off, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, 275 Mendenhall Lab,125 S Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lee.2444@osu.edu FU National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency [HM1582-07-1-2024]; U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing Program. PALSAR [JAXA/METI2006-2008] FX This research is partially supported by grants from the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's University Research Initiatives Program, HM1582-07-1-2024; the Climate, Water, and Carbon Program at the Ohio State University; and the U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing Program. PALSAR data are copyrighted by JAXA/METI2006-2008 and are provided by ASF. Envisat radar altimetry data are provided by ESA/ESRIN. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments which have improved the manuscript. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 EI 1521-060X J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2009 VL 32 IS 3 SI SI BP 320 EP 333 DI 10.1080/01490410903094833 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 502XE UT WOS:000270492900005 ER PT J AU Carnahan, EA Hoare, AM Hallock, P Lidz, BH Reich, CD AF Carnahan, E. A. Hoare, A. M. Hallock, P. Lidz, B. H. Reich, C. D. TI Foraminiferal assemblages in Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA: Responses to urban and agricultural influence in a subtropical estuary SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Ammonia; Archaias; Heavy metals; Eutrophication; Hypoxia; FORAM Index ID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; SOUTH FLORIDA; POLLUTION; CHLOROPLASTS; ENVIRONMENTS; SEDIMENTS; PROXIES; RECORD AB This study assessed foraminiferal assemblages in Biscayne Bay, Florida, a heavily utilized estuary, interpreting changes over the past 65 years and providing a baseline for future comparisons. Analyses of foraminiferal data at the genus level revealed three distinct biotopes. The assemblage from the northern bay was characterized by stress-tolerant taxa, especially Ammonia, present in low abundances (similar to 2.0 x 10(3) foraminifers/gram) though relatively high diversity (similar to 19 genera/sample). The southwestern margin of the bay was dominated by Ammonia and Quinqueloculina, an assemblage characterized by the lowest diversities (similar to 12 genera/sample) and highest abundances (similar to 1.1 x 10(4) foraminifers/gram), influenced by both reduced salinity and elevated organic-carbon concentrations. A diverse assemblage of smaller miliolids and rotaliids (similar to 26 genera/sample) characterized the open-bay assemblage, which also had a significant component (similar to 10%) of taxa that host algal endosymbionts. In the past 65 years, populations of symbiont-bearing taxa, which are indicators of normal-marine conditions, have decreased while stress-tolerant taxa, especially Ammonia spp., have increased in predominance. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carnahan, E. A.; Hoare, A. M.; Hallock, P.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Lidz, B. H.; Reich, C. D.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Hallock, P (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM pmuller@marine.usf.edu FU University of South Florida/US Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; US Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Ecology Division [X796465607-0]; SFWMD/SERC; EPA FX Funding for this work was provided by the University of South Florida/US Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement 99HQAG0004, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the Florida Hurricane Alliance, and the US Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Ecology Division Grant No. X796465607-0. Water quality data were provided by the SERCFIU Water Quality Monitoring Network which is supported by SFWMD/SERC Cooperative Agreements #C-10244 and #C-13178 as well as EPA Agreement #X994621-94-0. We thank Eugene A. Shinn (USGS) and Randolph P. Steinen (University of Connecticut, Storrs, retired) for sample collection. We also thank Richard Z. Poore (USGS), Benjamin P. Flower (University of South Florida, College of Marine Science), Barun Sen Gupta (Louisiana State University), and an anonymous reviewer for critical comments on this manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Acknowledgment does not imply endorsement of results by any of the funding or permitting agencies. NR 66 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2009 VL 59 IS 8-12 SI SI BP 221 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.08.008 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 524BZ UT WOS:000272120100002 PM 19744675 ER PT S AU Neukum, G Jaumann, R Basilevsky, AT Dumke, A van Gasselt, S Giese, B Hauber, E Head, JW Heipke, C Hoekzema, N Hoffmann, H Greeley, R Gwinner, K Kirk, R Markiewicz, W McCord, TB Michael, G Muller, JP Murray, JB Oberst, J Pinet, P Pischel, R Roatsch, T Scholten, F Willner, K AF Neukum, G. Jaumann, R. Basilevsky, A. T. Dumke, A. van Gasselt, S. Giese, B. Hauber, E. Head, J. W., III Heipke, C. Hoekzema, N. Hoffmann, H. Greeley, R. Gwinner, K. Kirk, R. Markiewicz, W. McCord, T. B. Michael, G. Muller, J-P. Murray, J. B. Oberst, J. Pinet, P. Pischel, R. Roatsch, T. Scholten, F. Willner, K. CA HRSC Co-Investigator Team HRSC Associates GP esa TI HRSC: High Resolution Stereo Camera SO MARS EXPRESS: THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS SE ESA Special Publications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARS-EXPRESS; HECATES-THOLUS; GUSEV CRATER; INTERPLANETARY CRUISE; ICE ACCUMULATION; GLACIAL ACTIVITY; SOLAR-SYSTEM; DUST DEVILS; SURFACE; MISSION AB The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on Mars Express has delivered a wealth of image data, amounting to over 2.5 TB from the start of the mapping phase in January 2004 to September 2008. In that time, more than a third of Mars was covered at a resolution of 10-20 m/pixel in stereo and colour. After five years in orbit, HRSC is still in excellent shape, and it could continue to operate for many more years. HRSC has proven its ability to close the gap between the low-resolution Viking image data and the high-resolution Mars Orbiter Camera images, leading to a global picture of the geological evolution of Mars that is now much clearer than ever before. Derived highest-resolution terrain model data have closed major gaps and provided an unprecedented insight into the shape of the surface, which is paramount not only for surface analysis and geological interpretation, but also for combination with and analysis of data from other instruments, as well as in planning for future missions. This chapter presents the scientific output from data analysis and high-level data processing, complemented by a summary of how the experiment is conducted by the HRSC team members working in geoscience, atmospheric science, photogrammetry and spectrophotometry. Many of these contributions have been or will be published in peer-reviewed journals and special issues. They form a cross-section of the scientific output, either by summarising the new geoscientific picture of Mars provided by HRSC or by detailing some of the topics of data analysis concerning photogrammetry, cartography and spectral data analysis. C1 [Neukum, G.; Jaumann, R.; Dumke, A.; van Gasselt, S.; Michael, G.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geosci Planetol & Remote Sensing, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. [Jaumann, R.; Giese, B.; Hauber, E.; Hoffmann, H.; Gwinner, K.; Oberst, J.; Roatsch, T.; Scholten, F.; Willner, K.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR Berlin, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. [Basilevsky, A. T.] Russian Acad Sci, VI Vernadskii Inst Geochem & Analyt Chem, Moscow, Russia. [Head, J. W., III] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Heipke, C.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Photogrammetrie & GeoInformat IPI, Hannover, Germany. [Hoekzema, N.; Markiewicz, W.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res MPS, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Greeley, R.] Arizona State Univ, SESE, Tempe, AZ USA. [Kirk, R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [McCord, T. B.] Space Sci Inst, Bear Fight Ctr, Winthrop, WA USA. [Muller, J-P.] UCL Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking, Surrey, England. [Murray, J. B.] Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Oberst, J.] Tech Univ Berlin, Berlin, Germany. [Pinet, P.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, Lab Dynam Terrestre & Planetaire, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Pischel, R.] ESA Moscow, Moscow, Russia. RP Neukum, G (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geosci Planetol & Remote Sensing, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. OI Dumke, Alexander/0000-0002-2709-3169 NR 151 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 978-92-9221-975-8 J9 ESA SPEC PUBL PY 2009 BP 15 EP 74 PG 60 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKX38 UT WOS:000269524400002 ER PT J AU Eynaud, F Cronin, TM Smith, SA Zaragosi, S Mavel, J Mary, Y Mas, V Pujol, C AF Eynaud, F. Cronin, T. M. Smith, S. A. Zaragosi, S. Mavel, J. Mary, Y. Mas, V. Pujol, C. TI Morphological variability of the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma from ACEX cores: Implications for Late Pleistocene circulation in the Arctic Ocean SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWEGIAN-GREENLAND SEA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; GLACIAL ATLANTIC; SEDIMENTS; SURFACE; ICE; HOLOCENE; CLIMATE; BASIN AB Planktonic foraminifera populations were studied throughout the top 25 meters of the IODP ACEX 302 Hole 4C from the central Arctic Ocean at a resolution varying from 5cm (at the top of the record) to 10cm. Planktonic foraminifera occur in high absolute abundances only in the uppermost fifty centimetres and are dominated by the taxa Neogloboquadrina pachyderma. Except for a few intermittent layers below this level, most samples are barren of calcareous microfossils. Within the topmost sediments, Neogloboquadrina pachydemia specimens present large morphological variability in the shape and number of chambers in the final whorl, chamber sphericity, size, and coiling direction. Five morphotypes were identified among the sinistral (sin.) population (Nps-1 to Nps-5), including a small form (Nps-5) that is similar to a non-encrusted normal form also previously identified in the modern Arctic Ocean water masses. Twenty five percent of the sinistral population is made up by large specimens (Nps-2, 3, 4), with a maximal mean diameter larger than 250 mu m, Following observations made in peri-Arctic seas (Hillaire-Marcel et al. 2004), we propose that occurrence of these large-sized specimens of N. pachyderma (sin.) in the central Arctic Ocean sediments could sign North Atlantic water sub-surface penetration. C1 [Eynaud, F.; Zaragosi, S.; Mavel, J.; Mary, Y.; Mas, V.; Pujol, C.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5805, Lab EPOC, F-33405 Talence, France. [Cronin, T. M.; Smith, S. A.] 926A USGS Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Eynaud, F (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5805, Lab EPOC, Ave Fac, F-33405 Talence, France. EM f.eynaud@epoc.u-bordeaux1.fr RI Zaragosi, Sebastien/D-6925-2011; OI Zaragosi, Sebastien/0000-0002-1456-8129; Eynaud, Frederique/0000-0003-1283-7425 NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2009 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 101 EP 116 PG 16 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 453ZM UT WOS:000266651400002 ER PT J AU Rosenberry, DO Winter, TC AF Rosenberry, Donald O. Winter, Thomas C. BE Winter, TC Likens, GE TI HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES AND THE WATER BUDGET SO MIRROR LAKE: INTERACTIONS AMONG AIR, LAND, AND WATER SE Freshwater Ecology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEW-HAMPSHIRE; MIRROR LAKE C1 [Rosenberry, Donald O.; Winter, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Rosenberry, DO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rosenber@usgs.gov; tcwinter@usgs.gov OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94449-7 J9 FRESHW ECOL SER PY 2009 VL 2 BP 23 EP 68 PG 46 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BYA55 UT WOS:000297759700003 ER PT J AU Buso, DC Likens, GE LaBaugh, JW Bade, D AF Buso, Donald C. Likens, Gene E. LaBaugh, James W. Bade, Darren BE Winter, TC Likens, GE TI NUTRIENT DYNAMICS SO MIRROR LAKE: INTERACTIONS AMONG AIR, LAND, AND WATER SE Freshwater Ecology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; HUBBARD-BROOK-VALLEY; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; BULK DEPOSITION; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; SEEPAGE LAKE; ACID-RAIN; WATER; CHEMISTRY; SULFUR C1 [Buso, Donald C.; Likens, Gene E.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Bade, Darren] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [LaBaugh, James W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Buso, DC (reprint author), Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. EM dbuso@worldpath.net; LikensG@ecostudies.org; jlabaugh@usgs.gov; dbade@kent.edu NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94449-7 J9 FRESHW ECOL SER PY 2009 VL 2 BP 69 EP 203 PG 135 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BYA55 UT WOS:000297759700004 ER PT J AU Winter, TC Rosenberry, DO AF Winter, Thomas C. Rosenberry, Donald O. BE Winter, TC Likens, GE TI EVALUATION OF METHODS AND UNCERTAINTIES IN THE WATER BUDGET SO MIRROR LAKE: INTERACTIONS AMONG AIR, LAND, AND WATER SE Freshwater Ecology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DETERMINING EVAPORATION; LAKES; BALANCE C1 [Winter, Thomas C.; Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Winter, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM tcwinter@usgs.gov; rosenber@usgs.gov OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94449-7 J9 FRESHW ECOL SER PY 2009 VL 2 BP 205 EP 223 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BYA55 UT WOS:000297759700005 ER PT J AU LaBaugh, JW Buso, DC Likens, GE AF LaBaugh, James W. Buso, Donald C. Likens, Gene E. BE Winter, TC Likens, GE TI EVALUATION OF METHODS AND UNCERTAINTIES IN THE CHEMICAL BUDGETS SO MIRROR LAKE: INTERACTIONS AMONG AIR, LAND, AND WATER SE Freshwater Ecology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEW-HAMPSHIRE; WATER-BALANCE; SEEPAGE LAKE; MIRROR LAKE; PHOSPHORUS; MINNESOTA; CHEMISTRY; STREAMS; BASIN; USA C1 [LaBaugh, James W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Buso, Donald C.; Likens, Gene E.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. RP LaBaugh, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM jlabaugh@usgs.gov; dbuso@worldpath.net; LikensG@ecostudies.org NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94449-7 J9 FRESHW ECOL SER PY 2009 VL 2 BP 225 EP 299 PG 75 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BYA55 UT WOS:000297759700006 ER PT J AU Likens, GE LaBaugh, JW AF Likens, Gene E. LaBaugh, James W. BE Winter, TC Likens, GE TI MIRROR LAKE: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE SO MIRROR LAKE: INTERACTIONS AMONG AIR, LAND, AND WATER SE Freshwater Ecology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; HUBBARD BROOK; UNITED-STATES; LONG-TERM; WATER-QUALITY; NITROGEN; CALCIUM; ECOSYSTEM; PHOSPHORUS C1 [Likens, Gene E.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [LaBaugh, James W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Likens, GE (reprint author), Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. EM LikensG@ecostudies.org; jlabaugh@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94449-7 J9 FRESHW ECOL SER PY 2009 VL 2 BP 301 EP 328 PG 28 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BYA55 UT WOS:000297759700007 ER PT J AU Winter, TC Likens, GE AF Winter, Thomas C. Likens, Gene E. BE Winter, TC Likens, GE TI MIRROR LAKE Interactions among Air, Land, and Water SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS SO MIRROR LAKE: INTERACTIONS AMONG AIR, LAND, AND WATER SE Freshwater Ecology Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Winter, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Likens, Gene E.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. RP Winter, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM tcwinter@usgs.gov; LikensG@ecostudies.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94449-7 J9 FRESHW ECOL SER PY 2009 VL 2 BP 329 EP 333 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BYA55 UT WOS:000297759700008 ER PT J AU Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ AF Thomson, David L. Cooch, Evan G. Conroy, Michael J. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Modeling Demographic Processes In Marked Populations Foreword SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Thomson, David L.] Max Planck Inst Demog Res, D-18057 Rostock, Germany. [Thomson, David L.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Ctr Terr Ecol, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. [Thomson, David L.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Cooch, Evan G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Conroy, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, USGS, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Thomson, DL (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Demog Res, Konrad Zuse Str 1, D-18057 Rostock, Germany. EM thomson@demogr.mpg.de; evan.cooch@cornell.edu; mconroy@uga.edu; thomson@demogr.mpg.de; evan.cooch@cornell.edu; mconroy@uga.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP V EP VI D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000001 ER PT J AU Conroy, MJ AF Conroy, Michael J. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Application of Capture-Recapture to Addressing Questions in Evolutionary Ecology SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; TAG-RECOVERY DATA; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; INDIVIDUAL QUALITY; POPULATION-GROWTH; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; MARKED ANIMALS; SITE FIDELITY; CANADA GEESE; CITRIL FINCH AB Capture-recapture (CR) is one of the most commonly used methods in quantitative ecology. Until recently, much of the emphasis of CR was on the estimation of abundance and vital rates, especially survival rates. Here, I discuss several important advances that have enhanced ecologists' ability to address questions in evolutionary ecology. Generalizations of CR methodology to include group and covariate effects have allowed direct, empirical modeling of the influence of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on demographic rates. Advances in sampling design and software now allow CR modeling to address questions such as dispersal and natal fidelity, tradeoffs between reproductive effort and survival, senescence, and variability in demographic rates in relation to individual traits, among others. Furthermore, complex ecological and evolutionary questions seem to be especially amenable to a paradigm of multiple alternative (vs. single null) hypotheses, which is consistent both with information-theoretic and Bayesian approaches to inference. Previous CR approaches have emphasized the estimation of averages of demographic parameters for individuals grouped into classes (age, sex, size or other attributes), but evolutionary questions tend to emphasize individual variability, with fitness "parameters" best characterized by frequency distributions. Bayesian approaches are particularly appropriate for modeling individual, temporal, spatial, and other components of variation via random effects models. Finally, Bayesian methods and conditional/hierarchical modeling allow for ready construction of complex models of life history from a variety of data sources. I present selected examples to illustrate each of these major points. C1 Univ Georgia, USGS, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Conroy, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, USGS, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mconroy@uga.edu; mconroy@uga.edu NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 131 EP 156 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_6 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 26 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000006 ER PT J AU Ergon, T Yoccoz, NG Nichols, JD AF Ergon, Torbjorn Yoccoz, Nigel G. Nichols, James D. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Estimating Latent Time of Maturation and Survival Costs of Reproduction in Continuous Time from Capture-Recapture Data SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Capture-mark-recapture; Latent traits; Life-history theory; Maximum likelihood; Multi-state/multi-strata; Continuous time; Hazard rates; Heterogeneity; Maturation; Cost of reproduction; Disease infection dynamics ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; BREEDING PROBABILITIES; SEASONAL DECLINE; MARKED ANIMALS; MOVEMENT RATES; COWPOX VIRUS; POPULATIONS; MODELS; RECRUITMENT; AGE AB In many species, age or time of maturation and survival costs of reproduction may vary substantially within and among populations. We present a capture-mark-recapture model to estimate the latent individual trait distribution of time of maturation (or other irreversible transitions) as well as survival differences associated with the two states (representing costs of reproduction). Maturation can take place at any point in continuous time, and mortality hazard rates for each reproductive state may vary according to continuous functions over time. Although we explicitly model individual heterogeneity in age/time of maturation, we make the simplifying assumption that death hazard rates do not vary among individuals within groups of animals. However, the estimates of the maturation distribution are fairly robust against individual heterogeneity in survival as long as there is no individual level correlation between mortality hazards and latent time of maturation. We apply the model to biweekly capture-recapture data of overwintering field voles (Microtus agrestis) in cyclically fluctuating populations to estimate time of maturation and survival costs of reproduction. Results show that onset of seasonal reproduction is particularly late and survival costs of reproduction are particularly large in declining populations. C1 [Ergon, Torbjorn] Univ Oslo, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Dept Biol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Yoccoz, Nigel G.] Univ Tromso, Dept Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Nichols, James D.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Ergon, T (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Dept Biol, POB 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM torbjorn.ergon@bio.uio.no; Nigel.Yoccoz@ib.uit.no; jim_nichols@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 173 EP 197 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_8 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 25 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000008 ER PT B AU Nichols, JD Thomas, L Conn, PB AF Nichols, James D. Thomas, Len Conn, Paul B. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Inferences About Landbird Abundance from Count Data: Recent Advances and Future Directions SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITIES; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; LINE TRANSECT SURVEYS; POINT COUNTS; UNEQUAL CATCHABILITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; AERIAL SURVEYS; MONITORING PROGRAMS; DENSITY-ESTIMATION; REPLICATED COUNTS AB We summarize results of a November 2006 workshop dealing with recent research on the estimation of landbird abundance from count data. Our conceptual framework includes a decomposition of the probability of detecting a bird potentially exposed to sampling efforts into four separate probabilities. Primary inference methods are described and include distance sampling, multiple observers, time of detection, and repeated counts. The detection parameters estimated by these different approaches differ, leading to different interpretations of resulting estimates of density and abundance. Simultaneous use of combinations of these different inference approaches can not only lead to increased precision but also provides the ability to decompose components of the detection process. Recent efforts to test the efficacy of these different approaches using natural systems and a new bird radio test system provide sobering conclusions about the ability of observers to detect and localize birds in auditory surveys. Recent research is reported on efforts to deal with such potential sources of error as bird misclassification, measurement error, and density gradients. Methods for inference about spatial and temporal variation in avian abundance are outlined. Discussion topics include opinions about the need to estimate detection probability when drawing inference about avian abundance, methodological recommendations based on the current state of knowledge and suggestions for future research. C1 [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Conn, Paul B.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fishery Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Thomas, Len] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov; pconn@warnercnr.colostate.edu NR 102 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8; 978-0-387-78150-1 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 201 EP 235 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_9 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 35 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000009 ER PT B AU Simons, TR Pollock, KH Wettroth, JM Alldredge, MW Pacifici, K Brewster, J AF Simons, Theodore R. Pollock, Kenneth H. Wettroth, John M. Alldredge, Mathew W. Pacifici, Krishna Brewster, Jerome BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Sources of Measurement Error, Misclassification Error, and Bias in Auditory Avian Point Count Data SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITIES; ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE; BIRD POPULATIONS; AERIAL SURVEYS; BREEDING BIRD; DISTANCE; REMOVAL; MATE; SONGBIRDS; DENSITY AB Avian point counts vary over space and time due to actual differences in abundance, differences in detection probabilities among counts, and differences associated with measurement and misclassification errors. However, despite the substantial time, effort, and money expended counting birds in ecological research and monitoring, the validity of common survey methods remains largely untested, and there is still considerable disagreement over the importance of estimating detection probabilities associated with individual counts. Most practitioners assume that current methods for estimating detection probability are accurate, and that observer training obviates the need to account for measurement and misclassification errors in point count data. Our approach combines empirical data from field studies with field experiments using a system for simulating avian census conditions when most birds are identified by sound. Our objectives are to: identify the factors that influence detection probability on auditory point counts, quantify the bias and precision of current sampling methods, and find new applications of sampling theory and methodologies that produce practical improvements in the quality of bird census data. We have found that factors affecting detection probabilities on auditory counts, such as ambient noise, can cause substantial biases in count data. Distance sampling data are subject to substantial measurement error due to the difficulty of estimating the distance to a sound source when visual cues are lacking. Misclassification errors are also inherent in time of detection methods due to the difficulty of accurately identifying and localizing sounds during a count. Factors affecting detection probability, measurement errors, and misclassification errors are important but often ignored components of the uncertainty associated with point-count-based abundance estimates. C1 [Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, USGS, NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wettroth, John M.] Maxim Integrated Prod, Cary, NC 27519 USA. RP Simons, TR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USGS, NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tsimons@ncsu.edu NR 58 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8; 978-0-387-78150-1 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 237 EP 254 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_10 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000010 ER PT B AU McClintock, BT White, GC Burnham, KP Pryde, MA AF McClintock, Brett T. White, Gary C. Burnham, Kenneth P. Pryde, Moira A. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI A Generalized Mixed Effects Model of Abundance for Mark-Resight Data When Sampling is Without Replacement SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Population size; Logit-normal; Program NOREMARK; Sighting probability; Mark-recapture; Bowden's estimator ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; MULTIMODEL INFERENCE; ROBUST DESIGN AB In recent years, the mark-resight method for estimating abundance when the number of marked individuals is known has become increasingly popular. By using field-readable bands that may be resighted from a distance, these techniques can be applied to many species, and are particularly useful for relatively small, closed populations. However, due to the different assumptions and general rigidity of the available estimators, researchers must often commit to a particular model without rigorous quantitative justification for model selection based on the data. Here we introduce a nonlinear logit-normal mixed effects model addressing this need for a more generalized framework. Similar to models available for mark-recapture studies, the estimator allows a wide variety of sampling conditions to be parameterized efficiently under a robust sampling design. Resighting rates may be modeled simply or with more complexity by including fixed temporal and random individual heterogeneity effects. Using information theory, the model(s) best supported by the data may be selected from the candidate models proposed. Under this generalized framework, we hope the uncertainty associated with mark-resight model selection will be reduced substantially. We compare our model to other mark-resight abundance estimators when applied to mainland New Zealand robin (Petroica australis) data recently collected in Eglinton Valley, Fiordland National Park and summarize its performance in simulation experiments. C1 [McClintock, Brett T.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pryde, Moira A.] Dept Conservat, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Burnham, Kenneth P.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM bmcclintock@usgs.gov; gwhite@warnercnr.colostate.edu NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8; 978-0-387-78150-1 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 271 EP 289 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_12 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000012 ER PT J AU Pledger, S Efford, M Pollock, K Collazo, J Lyons, J AF Pledger, Shirley Efford, Murray Pollock, Kenneth Collazo, Jaime Lyons, James BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Stopover Duration Analysis with Departure Probability Dependent on Unknown Time Since Arrival SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Age-related survival; Capture-recapture; Jolly-Seber model; Mark-recapture; migratory birds; residence time; Schwarz-Arnason model; Stopover duration; Survival curve ID MIGRATING BIRDS STOP; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; USUALLY THOUGHT; MARK-RECAPTURE; MODELING HETEROGENEITY; RECOVERY DATA; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; LONGER; RATES AB In stopover duration analysis for migratory birds, models with the probability of departure dependent upon time since arrival are useful if the birds are stopping over to replenish body fat. In capture-recapture studies, the exact time of arrival is not generally known, as a bird may not be captured soon after arrival, or it may not be captured at all. We present models which allow for the uncertain knowledge of arrival time, while providing estimates of the total number of birds stopping over, and the distribution and mean of true stopover times for the population. C1 [Pledger, Shirley] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Efford, Murray] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Collazo, Jaime] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lyons, James] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Pledger, S (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. EM shirley.pledger@vuw.ac.nz; murray.efford@otago.ac.nz NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 349 EP 363 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_15 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000015 ER PT B AU Schmutz, JA AF Schmutz, Joel A. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Stochastic Variation in Avian Survival Rates: Life-History Predictions, Population Consequences, and the Potential Responses to Human Perturbations and Climate Change SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Adult survival; Elasticity; Fitness; Life history; Process variance; Sensitivity; Stochasticity; Trade-off ID LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; CERULEAN WARBLERS; SEXUAL SELECTION; BOREAL FOREST; GREAT-BITTERN; VITAL-RATES; VARIABILITY AB Stochastic variation in survival rates is expected to decrease long-term population growth rates. This expectation influences both life-history theory and the conservation of species. From this expectation, Pfister (1998) developed the important life-history prediction that natural selection will have minimized variability in those elements of the annual life cycle (such as adult survival rate) with high sensitivity. This prediction has not been rigorously evaluated for bird populations, in part due to statistical difficulties related to variance estimation. I here overcome these difficulties, and in an analysis of 62 populations, I confirm her prediction by showing a negative relationship between the proportional sensitivity (elasticity) of adult survival and the proportional variance (CV) of adult survival. However, several species deviated significantly from this expectation, with more process variance in survival than predicted. For instance, projecting the magnitude of process variance in annual survival for American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) for 25 years resulted in a 44% decline in abundance without assuming any change in mean survival rate. For most of these species with high process variance, recent changes in harvest, habitats, or changes in climate patterns are the likely sources of environmental variability causing this variability in survival. Because of climate change, environmental variability is increasing on regional and global scales, which is expected to increase stochasticity in vital rates of species. Increased stochasticity in survival will depress population growth rates, and this result will magnify the conservation challenges we face. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Schmutz, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jschmutz@usgs.gov NR 87 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8; 978-0-387-78150-1 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 441 EP 461 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_19 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000019 ER PT J AU Alisauskas, RT Drake, KL Nichols, JD AF Alisauskas, Ray T. Drake, Kiel L. Nichols, James D. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Filling a Void: Abundance Estimation of North American Populations of Arctic Geese Using Hunter Recoveries SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BAND REPORTING RATES; LESSER SNOW GEESE; CANADA GEESE; REWARD BAND; BLACK BRANT; SURVIVAL; MALLARDS; HARVEST; NECKBANDS AB We consider use of recoveries of marked birds harvested by hunters, in conjunction with continental harvest estimates, for drawing inferences about continental abundance of a select number of goose species. We review assumptions of this method, a version of the Lincoln-Petersen approach, and consider its utility as a tool for making decisions about harvest management in comparison to current sources of information. Finally, we compare such estimates with existing count data, photographic estimates, or other abundance estimates. In most cases, Lincoln estimates are far higher than abundances assumed or perhaps accepted by many waterfowl biologists and managers. Nevertheless, depending on the geographic scope of inference, we suggest that this approach for abundance estimation of arctic geese may have usefulness for retrospective purposes or to assist with harvest management decisions for some species. Lincoln's estimates may be as close or closer to truth than count, index, or photo data, and can be used with marking efforts currently in place for estimation of survival and harvest rates. Although there are bias issues associated with estimates of both harvest and harvest rate, some of the latter can be addressed with proper allocation of marks to spatially structured populations if subpopulations show heterogeneity in harvest rates. C1 [Alisauskas, Ray T.] Environm Canada, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Drake, Kiel L.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0J8, Canada. [Nichols, James D.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Alisauskas, RT (reprint author), Environm Canada, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, 115 Perimeter Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. EM ray.alisauskas@ec.gc.ca; kieldrake@sasktel.net; jim_nichols@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 463 EP 489 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_20 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 27 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000020 ER PT J AU Conroy, MJ Senar, JC AF Conroy, Michael J. Carlos Senar, Juan BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Integration of Demographic Analyses and Decision Modeling in Support of Management of Invasive Monk Parakeets, an Urban and Agricultural Pest SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; PARROTS AB We investigated from 2003 to 2006 the population dynamics of Monk Parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus), an invasive, exotic, pest species inhabiting northeastern Spain. Our study focused on several colonies of parakeets in Barcelona. Starting in 2003, we trapped and marked birds at the main Barcelona colony in Ciutadella Park during 2 annual periods: winter (pre-nesting) and late summer (post-nesting), respectively. We marked 459 individuals, and subsequently reencountered marked birds at the colony via recapture, and additionally obtained resightings of parakeets throughout Barcelona (n = 381 recaptures and 570 resightings). We used a variation of the Robust Design in conjunction with reverse-time CR modelling to estimate survival and recruitment rates, and to determine the relative contribution of survival and recruitment to population growth rate. Due to high dispersal, apparent survival rates were low, so we used the combined recapture-resighting data to provide more realistic estimates of demographic survival. We then combined the projections with estimates of survival and recruitment elasticity from our statistical models in a decision model, in order to investigate alternative management scenarios for reducing damage from continued parakeet expansion. Given the logistical and social constraints under which managers operate, it appears that the most effective management strategy would be removal by trapping (in urban areas) or shooting (in rural areas) of birds during summer-winter period. C1 [Conroy, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, USGS, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Carlos Senar, Juan] CSIC, Museu Ciencias Nat, Evolutionary & Behav Ecol Associate Res Unit, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. RP Conroy, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, USGS, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mconroy@uga.edu; mconroy@uga.edu NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 491 EP 510 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_21 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000021 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, William A. Barker, Richard J. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Bayes Factors and Multimodel Inference SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Bayes factors; Bayesian inference; Multimodel inference; Nonpreferential priors ID MODEL SELECTION; LINEAR-MODELS; UNCERTAINTY; CRITERIA AB Multimodel inference has two main themes: model selection, and model averaging. Model averaging is a means of making inference conditional on a model set, rather than on a selected model, allowing formal recognition of the uncertainty associated with model choice. The Bayesian paradigm provides a natural framework for model averaging, and provides a context for evaluation of the commonly used AIC weights. We review Bayesian multimodel inference, noting the importance of Bayes factors. Noting the sensitivity of Bayes factors to the choice of priors on parameters, we define and propose nonpreferential priors as offering a reasonable standard for objective multimodel inference. C1 [Link, William A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Barker, Richard J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM wlink@usgs.gov; rbarker@maths.otago.ac.nz NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8; 978-0-387-78150-1 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 595 EP 615 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000026 ER PT B AU Kery, M Royle, JA AF Kery, Marc Royle, J. Andrew BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Inference About Species Richness and Community Structure Using Species-Specific Occupancy Models in the National Swiss Breeding Bird Survey MHB SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Biodiversity; BBS; Breeding bird survey; Community; Data augmentation; MCMC; Monitoring; Metacommunity; Species richness; WinBUGS ID MIXTURE-MODELS; ABUNDANCE; DETECTABILITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; ACCUMULATION; BIODIVERSITY; IMPERFECT; ABSENCE; COUNTS; RATES AB Species richness is the most widely used biodiversity measure. Virtually always, it cannot be observed but needs to be estimated because some species may be present but remain undetected. This fact is commonly ignored in ecology and management, although it will bias estimates of species richness and related parameters such as occupancy, turnover or extinction rates. We describe a species community modeling strategy based on species-specific models of occurrence, from which estimates of important summaries of community structure, e. g., species richness, occupancy, or measures of similarity among species or sites, are derived by aggregating indicators of occurrence for all species observed in the sample, and for the estimated complement of unobserved species. We use data augmentation for an efficient Bayesian approach to estimation and prediction under this model based on MCMC in WinBUGS. For illustration, we use the Swiss breeding bird survey (MHB) that conducts 2-3 territory-mapping surveys in a systematic sample of 267 1 km(2) units on quadrat-specific routes averaging 5.1 km to obtain species-specific estimates of occupancy, and estimates of species richness of all diurnal species free of distorting effects of imperfect detectability. We introduce into our model species-specific covariates relevant to occupancy (elevation, forest cover, route length) and sampling (season, effort). From 1995 to 2004, 185 diurnal breeding bird species were known in Switzerland, and an additional 13 bred 1-3 times since 1900. 134 species were observed during MHB surveys in 254 quadrats surveyed in 2001, and our estimate of 169.9 (95% CI 151-195) therefore appeared sensible. The observed number of species ranged from 4 to 58 (mean 32.8), but with an estimated 0.7-11.2 (mean 2.6) further, unobserved species, the estimated proportion of detected species was 0.48-0.98 (mean 0.91). As is well known, species richness declined at higher elevation and fell above the timberline, and most species showed some preferred elevation. Route length had clear effects on occupancy, suggesting it is a proxy for the size of the effectively sampled area. Detection probability of most species showed clear seasonal patterns and increased with greater survey effort; these are important results for the planning of focused surveys. The main benefit of our model, and its implementation in WinBUGS for which we provide code, is its conceptual simplicity. Species richness is naturally expressed as the sum of occurrences of individual species. Information about species is combined across sites, which yields greater efficiency or may even enable estimation for sites with very few observed species in the first place. At the same time, species detections are clearly segregated into a true state process (occupancy) and an observation process (detection, given occupancy), and covariates can be readily introduced, which provides for efficient introduction of such additional information as well as sharp testing of such relationships. C1 [Kery, Marc] Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kery, M (reprint author), Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. EM marc.kery@vogelwarte.ch NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8; 978-0-387-78150-1 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 639 EP 656 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_28 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000028 ER PT J AU Bailey, LL Kendall, WL Church, DR AF Bailey, Larissa L. Kendall, William L. Church, Don R. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Exploring Extensions to Multi-State Models with Multiple Unobservable States SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Capture-mark-recapture; Clearcut; Identifiability; Multistate mark-recapture models; Parameter redundancy; Pond-breeding amphibians; Robust design; Ambystoma; salamanders; Unobservable states ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE METHODS; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; ROBUST DESIGN; PARAMETER REDUNDANCY; ESTIMATING SURVIVAL; MARKED ANIMALS; PROBABILITIES; AMPHIBIANS; MIGRATION; STURGEON AB Many biological systems include a portion of the target population that is unobservable during certain life history stages. Transition to and from an unobservable state may be of primary interest in many ecological studies and such movements are easily incorporated into multi-state models. Several authors have investigated properties of open-population multi-state mark-recapture models with unobservable states, and determined the scope and constraints under which parameters are identifiable (or, conversely, are redundant), but only in the context of a single observable and a single unobservable state (Schmidt et al. 2002; Kendall and Nichols 2002; Schaub et al. 2004; Kendall 2004). Some of these constraints can be relaxed if data are collected under a version of the robust design (Kendall and Bjorkland 2001; Kendall and Nichols 2002; Kendall 2004; Bailey et al. 2004), which entails >1 capture period per primary period of interest (e.g., 2 sampling periods within a breeding season). The critical assumption shared by all versions of the robust design is that the state of the individual (e.g. observable or unobservable) remains static for the duration of the primary period (Kendall 2004). In this paper, we extend previous work by relaxing this assumption to allow movement among observable states within primary periods while maintaining static observable or unobservable states. Stated otherwise, both demographic and geographic closure assumptions are relaxed, but all individuals are either observable or unobservable within primary periods. Within these primary periods transitions are possible among multiple observable states, but transitions are not allowed among the corresponding unobservable states. Our motivation for this work is exploring potential differences in population parameters for pond-breeding amphibians, where the quality of habitat surrounding the pond is not spatially uniform. The scenario is an example of a more general case where individuals move between habitats both during the breeding season (within primary periods; transitions among observable states only) and during the non-breeding season (between primary periods; transitions between observable and unobservable states). Presumably, habitat quality affects demographic parameters (e.g. survival and breeding probabilities). Using this model we are able to test this prediction for amphibians and determine if individuals move to more favorable habitats to increase survival and breeding probabilities. C1 [Bailey, Larissa L.; Kendall, William L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Church, Don R.] Conservat Int, Reg Programs Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Church, Don R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Bailey, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM lbailey@usgs.gov; wkendall@usgs.gov RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 693 EP 709 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_31 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000031 ER PT B AU Lukacs, PM Burnham, KP Dreher, BP Scribner, KT Winterstein, SR AF Lukacs, Paul M. Burnham, Kenneth P. Dreher, Brian P. Scribner, Kim T. Winterstein, Scott R. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Extending the Robust Design for DNA-Based Capture-Recapture Data Incorporating Genotyping Error and Laboratory Data SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Abundance; Capture-recapture; Microsatellites; Non-invasive sampling; Tag misread ID MARK-RECAPTURE; POPULATION-SIZE AB For many species, non-invasive sampling of feathers, hair, feces or other tissue has the potential to be very useful and in some cases is already widely used to answer ecological questions. These samples are genotyped and the genotypes are used to identify individuals. There is some level of uncertainty when identifying individuals from genotyping results. We present an extension to the robust design capture-recapture model that allows for the estimation of genotyping error rate and properly estimates population size, survival, temporary emigration, and capture probability in the face of genotyping error. The model uses information contained in the secondary encounter occasions to estimate genotyping error which would otherwise be impossible for an open-population model with a robust design component. We further extend the model to allow estimation of the probability of correctly genotyping a sample from laboratory data. We demonstrate that with an additional data source for genotyping error, parameters are more precisely estimated by allowing some genotyping error and a larger sample size than by culling samples to eliminate the potential for errors in genotypes and reducing model complexity. We use noninvasive and hunter collected data from black bears in Michigan as an example. C1 [Lukacs, Paul M.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Burnham, Kenneth P.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dreher, Brian P.; Scribner, Kim T.; Winterstein, Scott R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Dreher, Brian P.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. RP Lukacs, PM (reprint author), Colorado Div Wildlife, 317 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Paul.Lukacs@state.co.us NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8; 978-0-387-78150-1 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 711 EP 726 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_32 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000032 ER PT J AU Converse, SJ Kendall, WL Doherty, PF Naughton, MB Hines, JE AF Converse, Sarah J. Kendall, William L. Doherty, Paul F., Jr. Naughton, Maura B. Hines, James E. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI A Traditional and a Less-Invasive Robust Design: Choices in Optimizing Effort Allocation for Seabird Population Studies SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; SURVIVAL; MARK AB For many animal populations, one or more life stages are not accessible to sampling, and therefore an unobservable state is created. For colonially-breeding populations, this unobservable state could represent the subset of adult breeders that have foregone breeding in a given year. This situation applies to many seabird populations, notably albatrosses, where skipped breeders are either absent from the colony, or are present but difficult to capture or correctly assign to breeding state. Kendall et al. (in press) have proposed design strategies for investigations of seabird demography where such temporary emigration occurs, suggesting the use of the robust design to permit the estimation of time-dependent parameters and to increase the precision of estimates from multi-state models. A traditional robust design, where animals are subject to capture multiple times in a sampling season, is feasible in many cases. However, due to concerns that multiple captures per season could cause undue disturbance to animals, Kendall et al. (in press) developed a less-invasive robust design (LIRD), where initial captures are followed by an assessment of the ratio of marked-to-unmarked birds in the population or sampled plot. This approach has recently been applied in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands to populations of Laysan (Phoebastria immutabilis) and black-footed (P. nigripes) albatrosses. In this paper, we outline the LIRD and its application to seabird population studies. We then describe an approach to determining optimal allocation of sampling effort in which we consider a non-robust design option (nRD), and variations of both the traditional robust design (RD), and the LIRD. Variations we considered included the number of secondary sampling occasions for the RD and the amount of total effort allocated to the marked-to-unmarked ratio assessment for the LIRD. We used simulations, informed by early data from the Hawaiian study, to address optimal study design for our example cases. We found that the LIRD performed as well or nearly as well as certain variations of the RD in terms of root mean square error, especially when relatively little of the total effort was allocated to the assessment of the marked-to-unmarked ratio versus to initial captures. For the RD, we found no clear benefit of using 2, 4, or 6 secondary sampling occasions per year, though this result will depend on the relative effort costs of captures versus recaptures and on the length of the study. We also found that field-readable bands, which may be affixed to birds in addition to standard metal bands, will be beneficial in longer-term studies of albatrosses in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Field-readable bands reduce the effort cost of recapturing individuals, and in the long-term this cost reduction can offset the additional effort expended in affixing the bands. Finally, our approach to determining optimal study design can be generally applied by researchers, with little seed data, to design their studies at the outset. C1 [Converse, Sarah J.] Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laurel, MD USA. [Kendall, William L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Doherty, Paul F., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Naughton, Maura B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Hines, James E.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Converse, SJ (reprint author), Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laurel, MD USA. EM sconverse@usgs.gov; wkendall@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 727 EP 744 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_33 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000033 ER PT J AU Langtimm, CA AF Langtimm, Catherine A. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Non-random Temporary Emigration and the Robust Design: Conditions for Bias at the End of a Time Series SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ADULT FLORIDA MANATEES; SURVIVAL PROBABILITIES; MARKED ANIMALS; STATES AB Deviations from model assumptions in the application of capture-recapture models to real life situations can introduce unknown bias. Understanding the type and magnitude of bias under these conditions is important to interpreting model results. In a robust design analysis of long-term photo-documented sighting histories of the endangered Florida manatee, I found high survival rates, high rates of non-random temporary emigration, significant time-dependence, and a diversity of factors affecting temporary emigration that made it difficult to model emigration in any meaningful fashion. Examination of the time-dependent survival estimates indicated a suspicious drop in survival rates near the end of the time series that persisted when the original capture histories were truncated and reanalyzed under a shorter time frame. Given the wide swings in manatee emigration estimates from year to year, a likely source of bias in survival was the convention to resolve confounding of the last survival probability in a time-dependent model with the last emigration probabilities by setting the last unmeasurable emigration probability equal to the previous year's probability when the equality was actually false. Results of a series of simulations demonstrated that if the unmeasurable temporary emigration probabilities in the last time period were not accurately modeled, an estimation model with significant annual variation in survival probabilities and emigration probabilities produced bias in survival estimates at the end of the study or time series being explored. Furthermore, the bias propagated back in time beyond the last two time periods and the number of years affected varied positively with survival and emigration probabilities. Truncating the data to a shorter time frame and reanalyzing demonstrated that with additional years of data surviving temporary emigrants eventually return and are detected, thus in subsequent analysis unbiased estimates are eventually realized. Knowing the extent and magnitude of the potential bias can help in making decisions as to what time frame provides the best estimates or the most reliable opportunity to model and test hypotheses about factors affecting survival probability. To assess bias, truncating the capture histories to shorter time frames and reanalyzing the data to compare time-specific estimates may help identify spurious effects. Running simulations that mimic the parameter values and movement conditions in the real situation can provide estimates of standardized bias that can be used to identify those annual estimates that are biased to the point where the 95% confidence intervals are inadequate in describing the uncertainty of the estimates. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Langtimm, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 2201 NW 40th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. EM clangtimm@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 745 EP 761 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_34 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000034 ER PT J AU Kendall, WL AF Kendall, William L. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI One Size Does Not Fit All: Adapting Mark-Recapture and Occupancy Models for State Uncertainty SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Capture-recapture; Disease model; Multistate models; Occupancy; State uncertainty ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; ROBUST DESIGN; SURVIVAL; MOVEMENT; RATES AB Multistate capture-recapture models continue to be employed with greater frequency to test hypotheses about metapopulation dynamics and life history, and more recently disease dynamics. In recent years efforts have begun to adjust these models for cases where there is uncertainty about an animal's state upon capture. These efforts can be categorized into models that permit misclassification between two states to occur in either direction or one direction, where state is certain for a subset of individuals or is always uncertain, and where estimation is based on one sampling occasion per period of interest or multiple sampling occasions per period. State uncertainty also arises in modeling patch occupancy dynamics. I consider several case studies involving bird and marine mammal studies that illustrate how misclassified states can arise, and outline model structures for properly utilizing the data that are produced. In each case misclassification occurs in only one direction (thus there is a subset of individuals or patches where state is known with certainty), and there are multiple sampling occasions per period of interest. For the cases involving capture-recapture data I allude to a general model structure that could include each example as a special case. However, this collection of cases also illustrates how difficult it is to develop a model structure that can be directly useful for answering every ecological question of interest and account for every type of data from the field. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Kendall, WL (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. EM wkendall@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 765 EP 780 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_35 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000035 ER PT J AU Thomson, DL Conroy, MJ Anderson, DR Burnham, KP Cooch, EG Francis, CM Lebreton, JD Lindberg, MS Morgan, BJT Otis, DL White, GC AF Thomson, David L. Conroy, Michael J. Anderson, David R. Burnham, Kenneth P. Cooch, Evan G. Francis, Charles M. Lebreton, Jean-Dominique Lindberg, Mark S. Morgan, Byron J. T. Otis, David L. White, Gary C. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Standardising Terminology and Notation for the Analysis of Demographic Processes in Marked Populations SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Mark-recapture; Mark-recovery; Terminology; Notation ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; ROBUST DESIGN; RECOVERY DATA; BAND RETURNS; PARAMETERS; SURVIVAL; RESIGHT; RATES AB The development of statistical methods for the analysis of demographic processes in marked animal populations has brought with it the challenges of communication between the disciplines of statistics, ecology, evolutionary biology and computer science. In order to aid communication and comprehension, we sought to root out a number of cases of ambiguity, redundancy and inaccuracy in notation and terminology that have developed in the literature. We invited all working in this field to submit topics for resolution and to express their own views. In the ensuing discussion forum it was then possible to establish a series of general principles which were, almost without exception, unanimously accepted. Here we set out the background to the areas of confusion, how these were debated and the conclusions which were reached in each case. We hope that the resulting guidelines will be widely adopted as standard terminology in publications and in software for the analysis of demographic processes in marked animal populations. C1 [Thomson, David L.] Max Planck Inst Demog Res, D-18057 Rostock, Germany. [Thomson, David L.] Ctr Terr Ecol, Netherlands Inst Ecol, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. [Thomson, David L.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Morgan, Byron J. T.] Univ Kent, Inst Math Stat & Actuarial Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NF, Kent, England. [Otis, David L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lebreton, Jean-Dominique] CNRS, UMR 5175, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Francis, Charles M.] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Conroy, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Cooch, Evan G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Anderson, David R.; Burnham, Kenneth P.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Thomson, DL (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Demog Res, Konrad Zuse Str 1, D-18057 Rostock, Germany. EM thomson@demogr.mpg.de; mconroy@uga.edu; anderson@warnercnr.colostate.edu; evan.cooch@cornell.edu; charles.francis@ec.gc.ca; jean-dominique.lebreton@cefe.cnrs; B.J.T.Morgan@kent.ac.uk; dotis@iastate.edu; gwhite@warnercnr.colostate.edu; thomson@demogr.mpg.de; evan.cooch@cornell.edu; mconroy@uga.edu NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 1099 EP 1106 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_51 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000051 ER PT B AU White, GC Burnham, KP Barker, RJ AF White, Gary C. Burnham, Kenneth P. Barker, Richard J. BE Thomson, DL Cooch, EG Conroy, MJ TI Evaluation of a Bayesian MCMC Random Effects Inference Methodology for Capture-Mark-Recapture Data SO MODELING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MARKED POPULATIONS SE Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Random effects; Variance components; MCMC; Program MARK; Bayesian estimation; Process variance; Process covariance ID SURVIVAL; ANIMALS AB Monte Carlo simulation was used to evaluate properties of a simple Bayesian MCMC analysis of the random effects model for single group Cormack-Jolly-Seber capture-recapture data. The MCMC method is applied to the model via a logit link, so parameters p, S are on a logit scale, where logit(S) is assumed to have, and is generated from, a normal distribution with mean mu and variance sigma(2). Marginal prior distributions on logit(p) and mu were independent normal with mean zero and standard deviation 1.75 for logit(p) and 100 for mu; hence minimally informative. Marginal prior distribution on sigma(2) was placed on tau(2) = 1/sigma(2) as a gamma distribution with alpha = beta = 0.001. The study design has 432 points spread over 5 factors: occasions (t), new releases per occasion (u), p, mu, and sigma. At each design point 100 independent trials were completed (hence 43,200 trials in total), each with sample size n = 10, 000 from the parameter posterior distribution. At 128 of these design points comparisons are made to previously reported results from a method of moments procedure. We looked at properties of point and interval inference on mu, and sigma based on the posterior mean, median, and mode and equal-tailed 95% credibility interval. Bayesian inference did very well for the parameter mu, but under the conditions used here, MCMC inference performance for sigma was mixed: poor for sparse data (i.e., only 7 occasions) or sigma = 0, but good when there were sufficient data and not small sigma. C1 [White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Barker, Richard J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Burnham, Kenneth P.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP White, GC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM gwhite@cnr.colostate.edu; rbarker@maths.otago.ac.nz NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78151-8; 978-0-387-78150-1 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE PY 2009 VL 3 BP 1119 EP 1127 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_53 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BKG60 UT WOS:000268029000053 ER PT B AU Johnson, RR Baxter, CK Estey, ME AF Johnson, Rex R. Baxter, Charles K. Estey, Michael E. BA Millspaugh, JJ Thompson, FR BF Millspaugh, JJ Thompson, FR TI An Emerging Agency-Based Approach to Conserving Populations Through Strategic Habitat Conservation SO MODELS FOR PLANNING WILDLIFE CONSERVATION IN LARGE LANDSCAPES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; MANAGEMENT; RESTORATION C1 [Johnson, Rex R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Bird Habitat Conservat, Fergus Falls, MN USA. [Baxter, Charles K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Estey, Michael E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND USA. RP Johnson, RR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Bird Habitat Conservat, Fergus Falls, MN USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092016-0; 978-0-12-373631-4 PY 2009 BP 201 EP 223 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-373631-4.00008-3 PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA BGE36 UT WOS:000322543500010 ER PT B AU Niemuth, ND Reynolds, RE Granfors, DA Johnson, RR Wangler, B Estey, ME AF Niemuth, Neal D. Reynolds, Ronald E. Granfors, Diane A. Johnson, Rex R. Wangler, Brian Estey, Michael E. BA Millspaugh, JJ Thompson, FR BF Millspaugh, JJ Thompson, FR TI Landscape-Level Planning for Conservation of Wetland Birds in the US Prairie Pothole Region SO MODELS FOR PLANNING WILDLIFE CONSERVATION IN LARGE LANDSCAPES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BREEDING WATERFOWL POPULATIONS; NORTH-DAKOTA; ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION; RESERVE PROGRAM; SOUTH-DAKOTA; ABUNDANCE; DENSITY; HABITAT; TRENDS; LAND C1 [Niemuth, Neal D.; Reynolds, Ronald E.; Wangler, Brian; Estey, Michael E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND USA. [Granfors, Diane A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Fergus Falls, MN USA. [Johnson, Rex R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Bird Habitat Conservat, Fergus Falls, MN USA. RP Niemuth, ND (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND USA. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092016-0; 978-0-12-373631-4 PY 2009 BP 533 EP 560 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-373631-4.00020-4 PG 28 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA BGE36 UT WOS:000322543500022 ER PT B AU Hicks, LL Vogel, WO Herter, DR Early, RJ Stabins, HC AF Hicks, Lorin L. Vogel, William O. Herter, Dale R. Early, Richard J. Stabins, Henning C. BA Millspaugh, JJ Thompson, FR BF Millspaugh, JJ Thompson, FR TI Plum Creek's Central Cascades Habitat Conservation Plan and Modeling for the Northern Spotted Owl SO MODELS FOR PLANNING WILDLIFE CONSERVATION IN LARGE LANDSCAPES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RELATING POPULATIONS; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; BARRED OWL; WASHINGTON; MANAGEMENT; MOUNTAINS; SCIENCE; OREGON; RANGE; PREY C1 [Hicks, Lorin L.; Early, Richard J.; Stabins, Henning C.] Plum Creek Timber Co, Columbia Falls, MT USA. [Vogel, William O.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacey, WA USA. [Herter, Dale R.] Raedeke Associates Inc, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hicks, LL (reprint author), Plum Creek Timber Co, Columbia Falls, MT USA. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092016-0; 978-0-12-373631-4 PY 2009 BP 561 EP 592 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-373631-4.00021-6 PG 32 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA BGE36 UT WOS:000322543500023 ER PT B AU Fitzgerald, JA Thogmartin, WE Dettmers, R Jones, T Rustay, C Ruth, JM Thompson, FR Will, T AF Fitzgerald, Jane A. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Dettmers, Randy Jones, Tim Rustay, Christopher Ruth, Janet M. Thompson, Frank R., III Will, Tom BA Millspaugh, JJ Thompson, FR BF Millspaugh, JJ Thompson, FR TI Application of Models to Conservation Planning for Terrestrial Birds in North America SO MODELS FOR PLANNING WILDLIFE CONSERVATION IN LARGE LANDSCAPES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER DATA; HABITAT SUITABILITY; PREDATION RATES; GRASSLAND BIRDS; ABUNDANCE; MIDWESTERN; MANAGEMENT; DISTRIBUTIONS; COMPLETION C1 [Fitzgerald, Jane A.] Amer Bird Conservancy, Brentwood, MO USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Dettmers, Randy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA USA. [Jones, Tim] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laurel, MD USA. [Rustay, Christopher] Playa Lakes Joint Venture, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Ruth, Janet M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Arid Lands Field Stn, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO USA. [Will, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Ft Snelling, MN USA. RP Fitzgerald, JA (reprint author), Amer Bird Conservancy, Brentwood, MO USA. RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 73 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092016-0; 978-0-12-373631-4 PY 2009 BP 593 EP 624 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-373631-4.00022-8 PG 32 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA BGE36 UT WOS:000322543500024 ER PT B AU Webb, RH Heaton, JS Brooks, ML Miller, DM AF Webb, Robert H. Heaton, Jill S. Brooks, Matthew L. Miller, David M. BE Webb, RH Fenstermaker, LF Heaton, JS Hughson, DL McDonald, EV Miller, DM TI The Mojave Desert Ecosystem Processes and Sustainability Introduction SO MOJAVE DESERT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Mojave Desert Science Symposium CY NOV 16-18, 2004 CL Univ Redlands, Redlands, CA HO Univ Redlands C1 [Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Webb, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU UNIV NEVADA PRESS PI RENO PA RENO, NV 89557 USA BN 978-0-87417-776-3 PY 2009 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BJJ92 UT WOS:000266552000001 ER PT B AU Brooks, ML AF Brooks, Matthew L. BE Webb, RH Fenstermaker, LF Heaton, JS Hughson, DL McDonald, EV Miller, DM TI Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Nonnative Plants in Upland Areas of the Mojave Desert SO MOJAVE DESERT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Mojave Desert Science Symposium CY NOV 16-18, 2004 CL Univ Redlands, Redlands, CA HO Univ Redlands ID ALIEN ANNUAL PLANTS; INVASION; PATTERNS; INVASIBILITY; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; DOMINANCE; NITROGEN; USA C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV USA. RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU UNIV NEVADA PRESS PI RENO PA RENO, NV 89557 USA BN 978-0-87417-776-3 PY 2009 BP 101 EP 124 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BJJ92 UT WOS:000266552000006 ER PT B AU Brooks, ML Lair, BM AF Brooks, Matthew L. Lair, Bridget M. BE Webb, RH Fenstermaker, LF Heaton, JS Hughson, DL McDonald, EV Miller, DM TI Ecological Effects of Vehicular Routes in a Desert Ecosystem SO MOJAVE DESERT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Mojave Desert Science Symposium CY NOV 16-18, 2004 CL Univ Redlands, Redlands, CA HO Univ Redlands ID OFF-ROAD VEHICLES; MOJAVE DESERT; SOIL COMPACTION; PLANT-RESPONSE; GHOST TOWN; VEGETATION; CALIFORNIA; AUSTRALIA; RECOVERY; USA C1 [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV USA. RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV USA. NR 90 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 10 PU UNIV NEVADA PRESS PI RENO PA RENO, NV 89557 USA BN 978-0-87417-776-3 PY 2009 BP 168 EP 195 PG 28 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BJJ92 UT WOS:000266552000009 ER PT B AU Vogel, J Hughson, DL AF Vogel, John Hughson, Debra L. BE Webb, RH Fenstermaker, LF Heaton, JS Hughson, DL McDonald, EV Miller, DM TI Historical Patterns of Road Networks in Mojave National Preserve SO MOJAVE DESERT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Mojave Desert Science Symposium CY NOV 16-18, 2004 CL Univ Redlands, Redlands, CA HO Univ Redlands ID DESERT; DIVERSITY; FLOW C1 [Vogel, John] US Geol Survey, SW Geog Sci Team, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Vogel, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Geog Sci Team, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV NEVADA PRESS PI RENO PA RENO, NV 89557 USA BN 978-0-87417-776-3 PY 2009 BP 196 EP 210 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BJJ92 UT WOS:000266552000010 ER PT B AU Miller, DM Bedford, DR Hughson, DL McDonald, EV Robinson, SE Schmidt, KM AF Miller, David M. Bedford, David R. Hughson, Debra L. McDonald, Eric V. Robinson, Sarah E. Schmidt, Kevin M. BE Webb, RH Fenstermaker, LF Heaton, JS Hughson, DL McDonald, EV Miller, DM TI Mapping Mojave Desert Ecosystem Properties with Surficial Geology SO MOJAVE DESERT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Mojave Desert Science Symposium CY NOV 16-18, 2004 CL Univ Redlands, Redlands, CA HO Univ Redlands ID SOUTHERN GREAT-BASIN; SOIL-WATER BALANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALIFORNIA; AGE; DYNAMICS; SURFACES; FLOW; USA C1 [Miller, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Miller, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV NEVADA PRESS PI RENO PA RENO, NV 89557 USA BN 978-0-87417-776-3 PY 2009 BP 225 EP 251 PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BJJ92 UT WOS:000266552000012 ER PT B AU Bedford, DR Miller, DM Schmidt, KM Phelps, GA AF Bedford, David R. Miller, David M. Schmidt, Kevin M. Phelps, Geoff A. BE Webb, RH Fenstermaker, LF Heaton, JS Hughson, DL McDonald, EV Miller, DM TI Landscape-Scale Relationships Between Surficial Geology, Soil Texture, Topography, and Creosote Bush Size and Density in the Eastern Mojave Desert of California SO MOJAVE DESERT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Mojave Desert Science Symposium CY NOV 16-18, 2004 CL Univ Redlands, Redlands, CA HO Univ Redlands ID SONORAN DESERT; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; VEGETATION PATTERNS; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; PERENNIAL PLANTS; ROOT GROWTH; WATER; SHRUBS C1 [Bedford, David R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Bedford, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV NEVADA PRESS PI RENO PA RENO, NV 89557 USA BN 978-0-87417-776-3 PY 2009 BP 252 EP 277 PG 26 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BJJ92 UT WOS:000266552000013 ER PT B AU Webb, RH Belnap, J Thomas, KA AF Webb, Robert H. Belnap, Jayne Thomas, Kathryn A. BE Webb, RH Fenstermaker, LF Heaton, JS Hughson, DL McDonald, EV Miller, DM TI Natural Recovery from Severe Disturbance in the Mojave Desert SO MOJAVE DESERT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Mojave Desert Science Symposium CY NOV 16-18, 2004 CL Univ Redlands, Redlands, CA HO Univ Redlands ID SECONDARY PLANT SUCCESSION; OFF-ROAD VEHICLES; SOUTHERN NEVADA; BLACKBRUSH COLEOGYNE; SOIL CRUSTS; SURFACE DISTURBANCES; UTA-STANSBURIANA; COMPACTED SOILS; STONE PAVEMENTS; WINTER ANNUALS C1 [Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Webb, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 99 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU UNIV NEVADA PRESS PI RENO PA RENO, NV 89557 USA BN 978-0-87417-776-3 PY 2009 BP 343 EP 377 PG 35 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BJJ92 UT WOS:000266552000016 ER PT B AU Hereford, R AF Hereford, Richard BE Webb, RH Fenstermaker, LF Heaton, JS Hughson, DL McDonald, EV Miller, DM TI Alluviation and Visual Removal of Landscape Disturbances, Camp Ibis-Piute Wash, Eastern Mojave Desert SO MOJAVE DESERT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Mojave Desert Science Symposium CY NOV 16-18, 2004 CL Univ Redlands, Redlands, CA HO Univ Redlands ID USA; CALIFORNIA; ECOSYSTEM C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Hereford, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEVADA PRESS PI RENO PA RENO, NV 89557 USA BN 978-0-87417-776-3 PY 2009 BP 410 EP 428 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BJJ92 UT WOS:000266552000018 ER PT B AU Webb, RH Defalco, LA Esque, TC Medica, PA AF Webb, Robert H. Defalco, Lesley A. Esque, Todd C. Medica, Philip A. BE Webb, RH Fenstermaker, LF Heaton, JS Hughson, DL McDonald, EV Miller, DM TI A Review of Selected Long-Term Ecological Studies of the Mojave Desert Ecosystem SO MOJAVE DESERT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Mojave Desert Science Symposium CY NOV 16-18, 2004 CL Univ Redlands, Redlands, CA HO Univ Redlands ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN NEVADA; SONORAN-DESERT; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; UTA-STANSBURIANA; WINTER ANNUALS; CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ISLAND DEVELOPMENT; PLANT POPULATIONS C1 [Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Webb, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 106 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU UNIV NEVADA PRESS PI RENO PA RENO, NV 89557 USA BN 978-0-87417-776-3 PY 2009 BP 429 EP 456 PG 28 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BJJ92 UT WOS:000266552000019 ER PT B AU Webb, RH Fenstermaker, LF Heaton, JS Hughson, DL Mcdonald, EV Miller, DM AF Webb, Robert H. Fenstermaker, Lynn F. Heaton, Jill S. Hughson, Debra L. Mcdonald, Eric V. Miller, David M. BE Webb, RH Fenstermaker, LF Heaton, JS Hughson, DL McDonald, EV Miller, DM TI The Mojave Desert Ecosystem Processes and Sustainability Revisited SO MOJAVE DESERT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Mojave Desert Science Symposium CY NOV 16-18, 2004 CL Univ Redlands, Redlands, CA HO Univ Redlands C1 [Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Webb, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 36 U2 149 PU UNIV NEVADA PRESS PI RENO PA RENO, NV 89557 USA BN 978-0-87417-776-3 PY 2009 BP 457 EP 464 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA BJJ92 UT WOS:000266552000020 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Tingay, RE Culver, M Hailer, F Clarke, ML Mindell, DP AF Johnson, Jeff A. Tingay, Ruth E. Culver, Melanie Hailer, Frank Clarke, Michele L. Mindell, David P. TI Long-term survival despite low genetic diversity in the critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; effective population size; genetic diversity; Haliaeetus; Madagascar; microsatellite DNA ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; PREDICTING EXTINCTION RISK; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; HALIAEETUS-VOCIFEROIDES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CONSERVATION GENETICS; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; ISLAND POPULATIONS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM AB The critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) is considered to be one of the rarest birds of prey globally and at significant risk of extinction. In the most recent census, only 222 adult individuals were recorded with an estimated total breeding population of no more than 100-120 pairs. Here, levels of Madagascar fish-eagle population genetic diversity based on 47 microsatellite loci were compared with its sister species, the African fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer), and 16 of these loci were also characterized in the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) and the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Overall, extremely low genetic diversity was observed in the Madagascar fish-eagle compared to other surveyed Haliaeetus species. Determining whether this low diversity is the result of a recent bottleneck or a more historic event has important implications for their conservation. Using a Bayesian coalescent-based method, we show that Madagascar fish-eagles have maintained a small effective population size for hundreds to thousands of years and that its low level of neutral genetic diversity is not the result of a recent bottleneck. Therefore, efforts made to prevent Madagascar fish-eagle extinction should place high priority on maintenance of habitat requirements and reducing direct and indirect human persecution. Given the current rate of deforestation in Madagascar, we further recommend that the population be expanded to occupy a larger geographical distribution. This will help the population persist when exposed to stochastic factors (e.g. climate and disease) that may threaten a species consisting of only 200 adult individuals while inhabiting a rapidly changing landscape. C1 [Johnson, Jeff A.; Tingay, Ruth E.] Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Johnson, Jeff A.] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Johnson, Jeff A.] Univ N Texas, Inst Appl Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Tingay, Ruth E.] Nat Res Ltd, Banchory AB31 5ZU, Kincardine, Scotland. [Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hailer, Frank] Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Hailer, Frank] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hailer, Frank] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Clarke, Michele L.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Mindell, David P.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Peregrine Fund, 5668 W Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, ID 83709 USA. EM jajohnson@unt.edu RI Hailer, Frank/C-9114-2012 OI Hailer, Frank/0000-0002-2340-1726 FU Natural Environment Research Council, UK; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden; Alvin's Foundation; The University of Nottingham; The Peregrine Fund; Hawk Mountain Sanctuary; Raptor Research Foundation; Morley Nelson Fellowship; International Osprey Foundation FX We thank Bego a Martinez-Cruz, Jim Groombridge, Bjorn Helander, Libby Mojica, Brian Millsap, Stuart Piertney, Munir Virani, Rick Watson and Lynn Whited for supplying additional blood samples and Mark Beaumont for assistance with our MSVAR analyses. We thank Bill Amos and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Jagroop Pandhal, Deborah Dawson and Mia Olsson provided genotyping assistance. Microsatellite genotyping was performed at the Sheffield Molecular Genetics Facility funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, UK, and at the Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden, funded by Alvin's Foundation. Fieldwork was funded by The University of Nottingham, The Peregrine Fund, Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Raptor Research Foundation, Morley Nelson Fellowship, and the International Osprey Foundation. NR 90 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04012.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 387OU UT WOS:000261962300008 PM 19140964 ER PT J AU Tunez, JI Guichon, ML Centron, D Henderson, AP Callahan, C Cassini, MH AF Tunez, J. I. Guichon, M. L. Centron, D. Henderson, A. P. Callahan, C. Cassini, M. H. TI Relatedness and social organization of coypus in the Argentinean pampas SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Myocastor coypus; microsatellites; polygyny; rodents; social system ID MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; MYOCASTOR-COYPUS; PAIRWISE RELATEDNESS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CTENOMYS-TALARUM; SEAL; DISPERSAL; EVOLUTION; STRATEGIES; PATERNITY AB Behavioural and trapping studies of the social organization of coypus have suggested the occurrence of kin groups and a polygynous mating system. We used 16 microsatellite markers to analyse parentage and relatedness relationships in two populations (Jauregui and Villa Ruiz) in the Argentinean Pampas. At Jauregui, a dominant male monopolized most paternities, leading to a high variance in reproductive success between males and a high level of polygyny. At Villa Ruiz, variance in reproductive success was low among resident males and males were the fathers of zero to four offspring each. For females, no significant differences were found. Two different social groups in each study site were used to assess genetic relatedness within and between groups. These groups were neighbouring at Jauregui but not at Villa Ruiz. At Villa Ruiz, coypus were significantly more related within than between groups, suggesting that behavioural groups were also genetic ones, and adult females were more related within than between groups, as should be expected for kin groups. This relationship was not found at Jauregui. Our results provide support to previous studies based on behavioural and trapping data, which indicate that coypus form social groups and have a polygynous mating system. However, we found differences in social organization between the two populations. This is the first study to determine parentage and/or relatedness in coypus. C1 [Tunez, J. I.; Guichon, M. L.; Cassini, M. H.] Univ Nacl Lujan, GEMA, Grp Estudios & Ecol Mamiferos, DCB, RA-6700 Lujan, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Tunez, J. I.; Guichon, M. L.; Cassini, M. H.] Univ Nacl Lujan, GEMA, Grp Estudios & Ecol Mamiferos, CONICET, RA-6700 Lujan, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Centron, D.] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Microbiol Parasitol & Inmunol, Fac Med, RA-1121 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Henderson, A. P.; Callahan, C.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Cassini, MH (reprint author), Univ Nacl Lujan, GEMA, Grp Estudios & Ecol Mamiferos, DCB, Rutas 5 & 7, RA-6700 Lujan, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM mhcassini@yahoo.com.ar FU Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas, Province of Buenos Aires; Fundacion Antorchas; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Lujan and Organizacion Profauna FX Dr J. Wang collaborated with data analyses and D. Gotelli commented an early version of the manuscript. P. Arnedillo, M. Bello,V. Benitez, A. Bianchi, M. Cristiano, L. Fasola, C. Sagario, and P. Stampella collaborated in trapping sessions. M. Kevy and I. Sterverlynck kindly allowed us to conduct fieldwork on their properties. F. Milesi offered important assistance during fieldwork. M. L. Guichon was supported by a grant from the Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas, Province of Buenos Aires, and Fundacion Antorchas. J. I. Tunez was supported by a grant from Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET). M. H. Cassini and D. Centron are members of the CONICET. Universidad Nacional de Lujan and Organizacion Profauna funded this project. GEMA group is linked to Department of Basic Science of University of Lujan, Argentinean Research Council (CONICET) and NGO PROFAUNA Organisation. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04006.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 387OU UT WOS:000261962300015 PM 19140969 ER PT J AU Sanderlin, JS Faircloth, BC Shamblin, B Conroy, MJ AF Sanderlin, Jamie Skvarla Faircloth, Brant C. Shamblin, Brian Conroy, Michael J. TI Tetranucleotide microsatellite loci from the black bear (Ursus americanus) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE black bear; microsatellites; primers; SSRs; tetranucleotide repeats; Ursus americanus ID POPULATIONS AB We describe primers and polymerase chain reaction conditions to amplify 21 tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci in black bears (Ursus americanus). We tested primers using individuals from two populations, one each in Georgia and Florida. Among individuals from Georgia (n = 29), primer pairs yielded an average of 2.9 alleles (range, one to four) and an average observed heterozygosity (H-O) of 0.50 (range, 0.00 to 0.79). Among individuals from Florida (n = 19), primer pairs yielded an average of 5.7 alleles (range, one to 14) and an H-O of 0.55 (range, 0.00 to 1.00). A comparison of previously developed markers with individuals from Georgia suggests that bear populations in Georgia and Florida have reduced allelic diversity relative to other populations. C1 [Sanderlin, Jamie Skvarla; Faircloth, Brant C.; Shamblin, Brian] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Conroy, Michael J.] USGS, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Sanderlin, JS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jskvarla@uga.edu OI Faircloth, Brant/0000-0002-1943-0217 FU Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; USGS; USFWS; University of Georgia; Georgia DNR; Wildlife Management Institute; Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources; McIntyre-Stennis project [GEO-0100-MS, GEO-0136-MS] FX This research was supported by: Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, jointly sponsored by USGS, USFWS, University of Georgia, Georgia DNR, and the Wildlife Management Institute; Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources; and McIntyre-Stennis project GEO-0100-MS and GEO-0136-MS. We thank Travis Glenn and Lisette Waits for comments on earlier drafts. M. J. Yabsley, M. R. Vaughan, C. J. Nairn, and J. P. Carroll contributed to development and testing efforts. Capture, handling, and sedation of bears in Georgia were conducted by the Georgia DNR and approved by the UGA Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (approval nos: A2003-10148, A2003-10148-m1). Florida bear samples were salvaged from hunter-killed animals. Use of trade names does not imply US Government endorsement of commercial products. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 288 EP 291 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02234.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 397RD UT WOS:000262678900070 PM 21564629 ER PT J AU Munguia-Vega, A Rodriguez-Estrella, R Nachman, M Culver, M AF Munguia-Vega, A. Rodriguez-Estrella, R. Nachman, M. Culver, M. TI Polymorphic microsatellite loci for the sand pocket mouse Chaetodipus arenarius, an endemic from the Baja California Peninsula SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; habitat degradation; Heteromyidae; mammals AB Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from an enriched genomic library of the sand pocket mouse Chaetodipus arenarius. The mean number of alleles per locus was 11.53 (range five to 19) and the average observed heterozygosity was 0.764 (range 0.121 to 1.0). The markers will be used for detecting the impact of human-induced habitat fragmentation on patterns of gene flow, genetic structure, and extinction risk. In addition, these markers will be useful across the genus because most of the loci cross-amplified and were polymorphic in three other species of Chaetodipus. C1 [Munguia-Vega, A.; Culver, M.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit USGS, Conservat Genet Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rodriguez-Estrella, R.] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, La Paz 23090, BCS, Mexico. RP Munguia-Vega, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit USGS, Conservat Genet Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM airdrian@email.arizona.edu RI Rodriguez-Estrella, Ricardo/N-9406-2015 FU CONACYT [158622]; CIBNOR; University of Arizona; Charles H. Lowe, Jr, Herpetology Research Fund; [SEMARNAT-2002-C01-0317] FX CONACYT provided financial support to AMV (scholarship 158622). This study was supported by CONACYT SEMARNAT-2002-C01-0317 and CIBNOR projects to RRE, by two grants to AMV from the University of Arizona (William A. Calder III and William G. McGinnies), and by the Charles H. Lowe, Jr, Herpetology Research Fund. We thank Bruno Granados, Romeo Tinajero, and Franco and Enrique Cota for field assistance, and Gabriela Wlasiuk for help with the tissues for the cross-species tests. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 305 EP 307 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02399.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 397RD UT WOS:000262678900075 PM 21564634 ER PT J AU Piaggio, AJ Neubaum, MA Yueh, H Ritland, CE Johnston, JJ Perkins, SL AF Piaggio, Antoinette J. Neubaum, Melissa A. Yueh, Hesther Ritland, Carol E. Johnston, John J. Perkins, Susan L. TI Development of 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from the mountain beaver, Aplodontia rufa rufa (Rafinesque) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Aplodontia rufa; microsatellite; mountain beaver AB We developed 10 microsatellite markers for the mountain beaver, Aplodontia rufa rufa. In three populations of A. r. rufa, the number of alleles for these loci ranged from monomorphic to nine. Average observed heterozygosities in these populations ranged from 0.29 to 0.60. We also tested previously published markers from the endangered subspecies A. r. nigra in A. r. rufa populations. C1 [Piaggio, Antoinette J.; Neubaum, Melissa A.; Johnston, John J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wildlife Genet Lab, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Yueh, Hesther; Ritland, Carol E.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Genet Data Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Perkins, Susan L.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Gen, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Piaggio, AJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wildlife Genet Lab, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM toni.j.piaggio@aphis.usda.gov OI Perkins, Susan/0000-0002-5400-5662 FU APHIS [06-7483-0579] FX We wish to thank Wendy Arjo and Doug Ransome for their contribution of specimens and Allyson Miscampbell, Julia Figueroa and Brett Coghlan for their help with laboratory procedures. A.J.P. is supported by an APHIS Science Fellowship. C.E.R. and H.Y. are supported by the Genetic Data Centre, University of British Columbia. This study was funded through an APHIS agreement (06-7483-0579) with the Nevada Division of Wildlife, and for this support we would like to thank Jennifer Jeffers. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 323 EP 325 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02382.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 397RD UT WOS:000262678900080 PM 21564639 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Du Pasquier, L Lefranc, MP Lopez, V Benmansour, A Boudinot, P AF Hansen, John D. Du Pasquier, Louis Lefranc, Marie-Paule Lopez, Virginie Benmansour, Abdenour Boudinot, Pierre TI The B7 family of immunoregulatory receptors: A comparative and evolutionary perspective SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE B7; CD80; CD86; B7-H1; B7-DC; B7-H3; B7-H4; Co-stimulation ID T-CELL-ACTIVATION; COSTIMULATORY MOLECULE; DENDRITIC CELLS; B7-H3; GENOME; MEMBER; INHIBITION; ANNOTATION; EXPRESSION; INFECTION AB In mammals, T cell activation requires specific recognition of the peptide-MHC complex by the TcR and co-stimulatory signals. Important co-stimulatory receptors expressed by T cells are the molecules of the CD28 family, that regulate T cell activation, proliferation and tolerance. These receptors recognize B7s and B7-homologous (B7H) molecules that are typically expressed by the antigen presenting cells. In teleost fish, typical T cell responses have been described and the TcR, MHC and CD28/CTLA4 genes have been characterized. In contrast, the members of the 137 gene family have only been described in mammals and birds and have yet to be addressed in lower vertebrates. To learn more about the evolution of components guiding T cell activation in vertebrates, we performed a systematic genomic Survey for the 137 co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory IgSF receptors in lower vertebrates with an emphasis on teleost fish. Our search identified fish sequences that are orthologous to B7, B7-H1/B7-DC, B7-H3 and B7-H4 as defined by sequence identity, phylogeny and combinations of short or long-range syntenic relationships. However, we were unable to identify clear orthologs for B7-H2 (CD275, ICOS ligand) in bony fish, which correlates with our prior inability to find ICOS in fish. Interestingly, our results indicate that teleost fish possess a single B7.1/B7.2 (CD80/86) molecule that likely interacts with CD28/CTLA4 as the ligand-binding regions seem to be conserved in both partners. Overall, Out analyses implies that gene duplication (and loss) have shaped a molecular repertoire of B7-like molecules that was recruited for the refinement of T cell activation during the evolution of the vertebrates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Du Pasquier, Louis] Univ Basel, Inst Zool & Evolutionary Biol, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland. [Lefranc, Marie-Paule] Univ Montpellier 2, Immunogenet Mol Lab, Inst Univ France, CNRS,UPR 1142, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Lopez, Virginie] Univ Aix Marseille, Equipe Evolut Biol & Modelisat, CNRS, UMR 6632, F-13331 Marseille 03, France. [Benmansour, Abdenour; Boudinot, Pierre] INRA, Unite Virol & Immunol Mol, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jhansen@usgs.gov RI boudinot, pierre/L-4246-2016 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; CNRS; Ministere de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-06-BIOSYS-0005-01]; European Union [IST-2004-0280069]; Region Languedoc-Roussillon FX The authors Would like to thank Pierre Pontarotti for critical comments in regard to the manuscript and for help with conserved synteny discovery. We also thank Olivier Chabrol for the bioinformatic development of CASSIOPE and Yong-An Zhang and Oriol Sunyer for sharing the trout B7R sequence prior to its release in GenBank. This work has been Supported by U.S. Geological Survey base funding and the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. IMGT is Supported by the CNRS and by the Ministere de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche (Universite Montpellier II Plan Pluri-Formation, Genopole Montpellier-Languedoc-Roussillon, Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-06-BIOSYS-0005-01], European Union 6th PCRD ImmunoGrid project [IST-2004-0280069], Region Languedoc-Roussillon). The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement of approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be Suitable. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 3 BP 457 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.10.007 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 399OY UT WOS:000262810400019 PM 19081138 ER PT J AU Stroh, ED Struckhoff, MA AF Stroh, Esther D. Struckhoff, Matthew A. TI Exotic Plant Species Associations with Horse Trails, Old Roads, and Intact Native Communities in the Missouri Ozarks SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE exotic plants; horse trails; old roads; Ozarks; vegetation communities ID VEGETATION; CORRIDORS; INVASION; FOREST AB We compared the extent to which exotic species are associated with horse trails, old roads, and intact communities within three native vegetation types in Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri. We used a general linear model procedure and a Bonferroni multiple comparison test to compare exotic species richness, exotic to native species ratios, and exotic species percent cover across three usage types (horse trails, old roads, and intact communities) and three community types (river bottoms, upland waterways, and glades). We found that both exotic species richness and the ratio of exotic species to native species were greater in plots located along horse trails than in plots located either in intact native communities or along old roads. Native community types did not differ in the number of exotic species present, but river bottoms had a significantly higher exotic to native species ratio than glades. Continued introduction of exotic plant propagules may explain why horse trails contain more exotic species than other areas in a highly disturbed landscape. C1 [Stroh, Esther D.; Struckhoff, Matthew A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Stroh, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM estroh@usgs.gov FU USGS Park-Oriented Biological Support Program FX We would like to thank Cindy Becker for assistance with project development and field work; Leigh Ann Klein and Jennifer Hamilton for field work and data entry; and Rob Klein, Alicia Sasseen, Jennifer Grabner, and Tim Nigh for assistance with plant identifications. Martha Ruhe, Noel Vern Orchard, and Victoria Grant provided valuable information and materials for project development and site selection. This study was funded in part through the USGS Park-Oriented Biological Support Program. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 401BP UT WOS:000262913400006 ER PT J AU Miller-Rushing, AJ Weltzin, J AF Miller-Rushing, Abraham J. Weltzin, Jake TI Phenology as a tool to link ecology and sustainable decision making in a dynamic environment SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE adaptation; climate change; global warming; phenology; phenotypic plasticity ID CLIMATE-CHANGE C1 [Miller-Rushing, Abraham J.; Weltzin, Jake] USA Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Miller-Rushing, Abraham J.] Wildlife Soc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Weltzin, Jake] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Miller-Rushing, AJ (reprint author), USA Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM abe@wildlife.org RI Miller-Rushing, Abraham/D-5102-2009 OI Miller-Rushing, Abraham/0000-0003-3203-0143 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2009 VL 184 IS 4 BP 743 EP 745 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03083.x PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 517UP UT WOS:000271644500002 PM 20021592 ER PT J AU Godsoe, W Strand, E Smith, CI Yoder, JB Esque, TC Pellmyr, O AF Godsoe, William Strand, Eva Smith, Christopher Irwin Yoder, Jeremy B. Esque, Todd C. Pellmyr, Olle TI Divergence in an obligate mutualism is not explained by divergent climatic factors SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE abiotic environment; coevolution; ecological niche modeling; plant-insect interactions; Tegeticula; Yucca ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; TREE YUCCA-BREVIFOLIA; JOSHUA TREE; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; LOCAL ADAPTATION; COEVOLUTION; SPECIATION; FIG; DISTRIBUTIONS; POLLINATORS AB P>Adaptation to divergent environments creates and maintains biological diversity, but we know little about the importance of different agents of ecological divergence. Coevolution in obligate mutualisms has been hypothesized to drive divergence, but this contention has rarely been tested against alternative ecological explanations. Here, we use a well-established example of coevolution in an obligate pollination mutualism, Yucca brevifolia and its two pollinating yucca moths, to test the hypothesis that divergence in this system is the result of mutualists adapting to different abiotic environments as opposed to coevolution between mutualists. We used a combination of principal component analyses and ecological niche modeling to determine whether varieties of Y. brevifolia associated with different pollinators specialize on different environments. Yucca brevifolia occupies a diverse range of climates. When the two varieties can disperse to similar environments, they occupy similar habitats. This suggests that the two varieties have not specialized on distinct habitats. In turn, this suggests that nonclimatic factors, such as the biotic interaction between Y. brevifolia and its pollinators, are responsible for evolutionary divergence in this system. New Phytologist (2009) 183: 589-599doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02942.x. C1 [Godsoe, William; Yoder, Jeremy B.; Pellmyr, Olle] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Smith, Christopher Irwin] Willamette Univ, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Esque, Todd C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Pellmyr, O (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Biol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM pellmyr@uidaho.edu RI Yoder, Jeremy/A-8087-2008; Godsoe, William/E-4344-2015 OI Yoder, Jeremy/0000-0002-5630-0921; FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0516841]; Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Units Network (CESU) of the US National Park System; NIH/NCRR [P20RR16448, P20RR016454]; Canadian National Science and Engineering Research Council; Foundation for Orchid Research and Conservation; Joshua Tree National Park Graduate Student Research Program FX Financial support was provided by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0516841, and the Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Units Network (CESU) of the US National Park System. Bioinformatics facilities were supported by NIH/NCRR P20RR16448 and P20RR016454. W. G. was supported by a pre-doctoral fellowship from the Canadian National Science and Engineering Research Council and the Foundation for Orchid Research and Conservation. J. B. Y. received support from the Joshua Tree National Park Graduate Student Research Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2009 VL 183 IS 3 BP 589 EP 599 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02942.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 472AK UT WOS:000268100800010 PM 19659584 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, RJ White, JF Arnold, AE Redman, RS AF Rodriguez, R. J. White, J. F., Jr. Arnold, A. E. Redman, R. S. TI Fungal endophytes: diversity and functional roles SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE fungal taxonomy; habitat adapted symbiosis; mutualism; plant-fungal interactions; symbiosis; symbiotic continuum ID GRASS-HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; MONOCOT-DICOT DIVERGENCE; DARK SEPTATE ENDOPHYTES; HOST ASSOCIATIONS; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; STRESS TOLERANCE; TALL FESCUE; NEOTYPHODIUM ENDOPHYTE; INFECTED GRASSES; FORAGE GRASSES AB All plants in natural ecosystems appear to be symbiotic with fungal endophytes. This highly diverse group of fungi can have profound impacts on plant communities through increasing fitness by conferring abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, increasing biomass and decreasing water consumption, or decreasing fitness by altering resource allocation. Despite more than 100 yr of research resulting in thousands of journal articles, the ecological significance of these fungi remains poorly characterized. Historically, two endophytic groups (clavicipitaceous (C) and nonclavicipitaceous (NC)) have been discriminated based on phylogeny and life history traits. Here, we show that NC-endophytes represent three distinct functional groups based on host colonization and transmission, in planta biodiversity and fitness benefits conferred to hosts. Using this framework, we contrast the life histories, interactions with hosts and potential roles in plant ecophysiology of C-and NC-endophytes, and highlight several key questions for future work in endophyte biology. C1 [Rodriguez, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. [Rodriguez, R. J.; Redman, R. S.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [White, J. F., Jr.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Arnold, A. E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Rodriguez, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. EM rjrodriguez@usgs.gov RI White, James/C-2280-2009 FU Fogarty International Center (NIH) [U01TW006674]; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station; University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station; Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science; US Geological Survey; California Rice Research Board; National Science Foundation [0414463, 0702825]; US/IS BARD [3260-01C]; ARO [61-7462] FX This research was supported in part by the Fogarty International Center (NIH) under U01TW006674 for International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups, the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, the University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station, the Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science, the US Geological Survey, the California Rice Research Board, the National Science Foundation (0414463, 0702825), US/IS BARD (3260-01C) and ARO (61-7462). We would like to thank the referees for constructive comments that greatly helped to improve the review. NR 179 TC 624 Z9 680 U1 70 U2 537 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2009 VL 182 IS 2 BP 314 EP 330 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02773.x PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 425KM UT WOS:000264635400007 PM 19236579 ER PT J AU Cantu, V Fries, JN Ryan, TA AF Cantu, Valentin Fries, Joe N. Ryan, Tom A. TI An Apparatus for Separating Live Amphipods from Debris SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID HYALELLA-AZTECA AMPHIPODA; DYNAMICS; FISH; LAKE; POPULATIONS; SALAMANDERS; PREDATION; WETLAND; FLORIDA; WATER AB We designed an inexpensive (US$35), easy-to-build apparatus that separates live freshwater amphipods Hyalella azteca from debris. In 2 d of unattended operation, the separator provided an average of 2,700 amphipods from debris per square meter of raceway bottom (range 1,600-4,000/m(2); n = 3). Amphipod-containing debris collection, apparatus setup, and salt treatment of amphipods to kill hydras and flatworms took about 10 min. C1 [Cantu, Valentin; Fries, Joe N.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Ryan, Tom A.] US Army Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. RP Cantu, V (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM valentin_cantu@fws.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 71 IS 1 BP 6 EP 9 DI 10.1577/A07-106.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 421NH UT WOS:000264365100002 ER PT J AU Kline, SJ Bonar, SA AF Kline, S. Jason Bonar, Scott A. TI Captive Breeding of Endangered Yaqui Topminnow and Yaqui Chub for Recovery Purposes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article AB Yaqui topminnow Poeciliopsis occidentalis sonoriensis and Yaqui Chub Gila purpurea, two federally endangered fishes from the Rio Yaqui basin (Arizona, USA, and Sonora, Mexico), were propagated by various methods, Propagation of Yaqui topminnow was attempted in aquaria and wading pools; the greatest number of offspring was produced in 556-L, plastic wading pools. We added substrate, artificial plants, and it vertical mesh barrier to create refuge for offspring. Fish were stocked when water was 19 degrees C: after I month, when water temperatures exceeded 21 degrees C, Yaqui topminnow started to produce young continuously. Oil average, 7.4 offspring/d were captured from four pools collectively. Yaqui chub were propagated in 189-L, glass aquaria. We manipulated photoperiod, diet, and substrate to induce spawning or Yaqui chub, but success was only achieved after the water was chilled to 17 degrees C for 30 d and then adjusted to 21 degrees C over 14 d. After the water was maintained at 21 degrees C for 3 d, we covered the bottom of each aquarium with glazed ceramic tiles and a raised plastic grid to protect eggs from predation. Broadcast spawning of Yaqui chub occurred at night; the next morning, we retrieved the tiles and the attached eggs and placed them in incubation tanks. Yaqui chub eggs hatched over the next 5 d, and the hatching success rate averaged 83%. After this initial spawn, manipulation or water temperature was not required to induce spawning, as Yaqui chub spawned each time tiles were placed in the tanks. These methods worked well, and we recommend them for propagation of Yaqui topminnow and Yaqui chub. C1 [Kline, S. Jason; Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 71 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1577/A07-074.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 421NH UT WOS:000264365100013 ER PT J AU Kindschi, GA Barrows, FT AF Kindschi, Greg A. Barrows, Frederic T. TI Effects and Interaction of Phenotype and Rearing Density on Growth and Fin Erosion in Rainbow Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; JUVENILE STEELHEAD; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; SUBSTRATE; HATCHERY; RACEWAYS AB Intensively reared rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss that receive formulated feed frequently exhibit tom, ragged, and eroded fins. To better understand the factors affecting fin erosion, two rainbow trout phenotypes (albino and pigmented) were reined to verify reports that albino rainbow trout suffer less dorsal Fin erosion than do pigmented fish. A 12-month study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phenotype, rearing density, and the phenotype X density interaction on fin erosion. Extremes in rearing density were tested using group rearing (maximum density 200 fish/tank) and individual rearing as the treatments. To evaluate interactive effects of phenotype, rainbow trout were reared either in mixed populations (MPs) containing equal proportions of albino and pigmented fish or in separate populations (SPs) containing only albino or pigmented individuals. Group rearing treatments were each applied to three tanks at 200 first-feeding fish/tank. Fight albino and eight pigmented Fish were reared in individual rearing chambers. At 3-month intervals, Fish were measured for weight, total length, condition factor, and dorsal and pectoral fin lengths. Survival exceeded 90% in all treatments, but albino fish had lower survival than did pigmented fish in both MPs and SPs. Albino fish from MPs were significantly smaller (37 g) than MP-reared pigmented fish (77.5 g) at the end of the study. Dorsal fin index scores were greater (i.e., indicated less fin erosion) for MP-reared albino fish (7.5%) than for NP-reared pigmented fish (5.6%), but considerable erosion occurred in both phenotypes reared in MPs and SPs. Rainbow trout that were reared individually had complete dorsal fins and pectoral fins during the entire study (i.e., dorsal fin and pectoral fin indices [Fin lengths expressed as a percentage of total length] > 11%). This study demonstrates that albinism does not directly affect the occurrence or rate of dorsal fin erosion, but less fin erosion is observed in albino fish than in pigmented fish when reared in MPs. C1 [Barrows, Frederic T.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Kindschi, Greg A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Barrows, FT (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM rick.barrows@ars.usda.gov FU Bozeman Fish Technology Center FX We thank Russell Barabe, Kelly Kupetz, and Matt Toner for their technical assistance with the study and for helping with all aspects of fish care, water management, and data collection. We also thank Ennis National Fish Hatchery for supplying fish eggs and tile Bozeman Fish Technology Center for financial support and use of facilities for this project. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 71 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1577/A07-063.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 421NH UT WOS:000264365100014 ER PT J AU Lasier, PJ AF Lasier, Peter J. TI Alternative Substrates for Culturing the Freshwater Oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC OLIGOCHAETE; CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS; TOXICITY; BIOACCUMULATION; CONTAMINANTS; MORPHALLAXIS; REPRODUCTION; SEDIMENTS; RIVER AB The freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus is tank cultured to provide organisms for aquatic habitat assessments and regeneration research and to produce a clean source of live food for aquarium fishes. Shredded paper is the typical substrate in small-scale culture of L variegants, However, the effort needed to separate large numbers of individuals from decomposing paper can be prohibitive. Burlap and nylon mesh materials were compared with paper as potential alternatives for reducing this effort. Production and the time needed to separate L. variegatus from substrate were compared for 8 weeks among cultures With burlap, mesh, and paper substrates, Cultures with paper increased in number and weight faster than those with burlap or mesh, but cultures using the alternative substrates also expanded their populations quickly, The time required to separate oligochaetes from Substrate was initially longer with paper and became significantly longer at 6 weeks as the paper decomposed. Burlap frayed, but mesh exhibited no degradation. Elevated ammonia and nitrite concentrations may have suppressed production in mesh treatments throughout the study, and ammonia was lethal in paper treatments during the final 2 weeks. Slow initial production in burlap treatments may have been due 10 chemical applications to the fabric, which may limit the utility of burlap as a substrate. Culture systems that maintain adequate water quality Could increase production from burlap and mesh substrates to levels observed with paper substrate. Mesh is recommended because it is nontoxic and nonbiodegradable and can significantly reduce the effort required to obtain oligochaetes and to maintain and monitor the cultures. C1 [Lasier, Peter J.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lasier, Peter J.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lasier, PJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM plasier@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 71 IS 1 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1577/A07-104.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 421NH UT WOS:000264365100015 ER PT J AU Lubertazzi, MAA Ginsberg, HS AF Lubertazzi, Maria A. Aliberti Ginsberg, Howard S. TI Persistence of Dragonfly Exuviae on Vegetation and Rock Substrates SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Surveys of dragonfly exuviae have been used to assess rare species' habitats, lake water quality status, and wetland restoration programs. Knowledge of the persistence of exuviae on various substrates is necessary to accurately interpret exuvial surveys. In 2006, we recorded exuvial persistence at defined areas in a variety of small freshwater wetlands in Rhode Island. Exuviae were field-identified, labeled with small daubs of nail polish, and observed every three weeks from June through September. Overall, exuvial persistence displayed exponential decline, disappearing rapidly during the first few weeks, and more slowly thereafter. The initial rate of decline was similar for most species, but differed in some taxa. There was no significant difference in exuvial retention on emergent vegetation vs. rock substrate. C1 [Lubertazzi, Maria A. Aliberti; Ginsberg, Howard S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci Entomol, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Ginsberg, Howard S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Field Stn, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Lubertazzi, MAA (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci Entomol, Woodward Hall, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM mariaaa@mail.uri.edu NR 12 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2009 VL 16 IS 1 BP 141 EP 147 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434MJ UT WOS:000265278500012 ER PT J AU Nielsen, CK McCollough, MA AF Nielsen, Clayton K. McCollough, Mark A. TI Considerations on the Use of Remote Cameras to Detect Canada Lynx in Northern Maine SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN LIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; OCCUPANCY; ABUNDANCE; EFFICACY; DENSITY; TRAPS; HAIR AB We used remote Cameras to detect Lynx canadensis (Canada Lynx) in northern Maine during July-October 2005. A total of 1680 animal images was collected in 2512 camera-days of effort. Forty-five lynx detections were recorded, at a detection rate of 2 animals/100 camera-days of effort. Our analysis provides baseline detection rates for lynx in northern Maine and recommendations regarding survey design for other biologists. We suggest remote cameras are useful to survey lynx occurrence in an occupancy-estimation and -modeling framework, and in areas where snow-tracking surveys are not practical. C1 [Nielsen, Clayton K.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [McCollough, Mark A.] Maine Field Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Old Town, ME 04468 USA. RP Nielsen, CK (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Mailcode 6504, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM kezo92@siu.edu FU American Wildlife Conservation Foundation; A.V. Stoud Fund FX American Wildlife Conservation Foundation, and A.V. Stoud Fund for financial support. M. Whitby entered remote camera data. The Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Graduate School at Southern Illinois University Carbondale provided logistical support. Four reviewers made helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 20 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2009 VL 16 IS 1 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1656/045.016.0114 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434MJ UT WOS:000265278500014 ER PT J AU Pokras, M Kneeland, M Ludi, A Golden, E Major, A Miconi, R Poppenga, RH AF Pokras, Mark Kneeland, Michelle Ludi, Anna Golden, Ethan Major, Andrew Miconi, Rose Poppenga, Robert H. TI Lead Objects Ingested by Common Loons in New England SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY FACTORS; GAVIA-IMMER; CONTAMINANTS; CANADA AB Necropsies of Gavia immer (Common Loon) recovered lead and non-lead foreign objects from gastrointestinal tracts. Carcasses collected between 1987 and 2000 reveal that a great deal of loon mortality on lakes in New England is attributable to ingestion of lead objects. In this study, 522 carcasses were examined to inspect the types, sizes, and masses of 222 objects responsible for lead toxicosis. Most ingested lead objects were less than 2.5 cm long and weighed less than 25 g. Information on objects ingested by loons may help in development of non-toxic alternatives. C1 [Pokras, Mark; Kneeland, Michelle; Ludi, Anna; Golden, Ethan; Miconi, Rose] Tufts Cummings Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. [Major, Andrew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Poppenga, Robert H.] Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pokras, M (reprint author), Tufts Cummings Sch Vet Med, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. EM mark.pokras@tufts.edu FU US EPA; USFWS; Wharton Trust; Massachusetts Environmental Trust; New Hampshire Charitable Foundation; North American Loon Fund; Wood Family Trust FX We would like to thank the many veterinary students and volunteers whose help over the years has made these studies possible. We thank R. Wood, J. McIntyre of Utica College (Syracuse University), P. Spitzer of the Center for Northern Studies, and C. Perry of the US Fish and Wildlife Service for their invaluable advice and assistance. We thank J.C. Franson of the National Wildlife Health Research Center (USGS) and R. Haebler of the Atlantic Ecology Division (US EPA) for their wise advice and encouragement over the years. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the US EPA, the USFWS, the Wharton Trust, Massachusetts Environmental Trust, the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation, the North American Loon Fund and the Wood Family Trust. Participation of the following organizations has been critical to our study: North American Loon Fund, Loon Preservation Committee of New Hampshire, Vermont Institute of Natural Sciences, Maine and Massachusetts Audubon Societies, MA Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, ME Department of Fish and Wildlife, VT Department of Fish and Wildlife, and NH Department of Fish and Game. We thank the many wildlife rehabilitators and members of the public who went out of their way to send loons for analysis. The Pathology Department of Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine generously contributed their expertise to this project. This paper is a publication of the Tufts Center for Conservation Medicine's Seanet Project. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2009 VL 16 IS 2 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1656/045.016.0202 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 468AK UT WOS:000267785300002 ER PT J AU Loughman, ZJ Simon, TP Welsh, SA AF Loughman, Zachary J. Simon, Thomas P. Welsh, Stuart A. TI West Virginia Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae): Observations on Distribution, Natural History, and Conservation SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB West Virginia's crayfishes have received moderate attention since publication of Jezerinac et al.'s (1995) monograph of the state fauna. Survey efforts were initiated over the summers of 2006 and 2007 to gather voucher material for the Indiana Biological Survey's Crustacean Collection. These collections have provided new information regarding the distribution, natural history, life history, taxonomy, and conservation status of Cambarus (Cambarus) carinirostris, C. (C.) bartonii cavatus, C. (C.) sciotensis, C. (Hiaticambarus) chasmodactylus, C. (H.) elkensis, C. (H.) longulus, C. (Jugicambarus) dubius, C. (Puncticambarus) robustus, Orconectes (Procericambarus) cristavarius, and O. (P.) rusticus. Orconectes (Faxonius) limosus has apparently been extirpated from West Virginia and should be removed from the state's list of extant crayfishes. C1 [Loughman, Zachary J.] W Liberty State Coll, Dept Nat Sci & Math, W Liberty, WV 26074 USA. [Loughman, Zachary J.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Loughman, ZJ (reprint author), W Liberty State Coll, Dept Nat Sci & Math, Campus Serv Ctr Box 139, W Liberty, WV 26074 USA. EM zloughman@westliberty.edu RI Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012; OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 FU Oglebay Institute; West Liberty State College; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources FX We would like to thank Nicole Garrison, Christopher Hearn, Natalie Mancusso, Cody Rosettii, and Christopher Vopal for assistance in the field, and Sarah Brammer, Melinda Kreisburg, Nicole Berrisford, and James Harvey for reviewing earlier drafts of the manuscript. Special thanks are due to Dr. John Cooper whose review of this manuscript has increased its value greatly. Indiana Biological Survey provided funds for completion of field work and museum space for specimens. Thanks are also expressed to Oglebay Institute, West Liberty State College, and the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources for providing additional financial support. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2009 VL 16 IS 2 BP 225 EP 238 DI 10.1656/045.016.0205 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 468AK UT WOS:000267785300005 ER PT J AU Redell, LA Gall, WK Ross, RM Dropkin, DS AF Redell, Lori A. Gall, Wayne K. Ross, Robert M. Dropkin, David S. TI Biology of the Caddisfly Oligostomis ocelligera (Trichoptera: Phryganeidae) Inhabiting Acidic Mine Drainage in Pennsylvania SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC INSECTS; ECOLOGY; GENUS AB Oligostomis ocelligera (a phryganeid caddisfly) is reported for the first time from a degraded lotic system-a first-order stream in north-central Pennsylvania that was severely impacted by acid mine drainage. Although uncommonly collected and poorly known, O. ocelligera maintained a substantial population in the mine discharge, free of competition from Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, and other species of Trichoptera. It thrived under conditions of very low pH (2.58-3.13), high concentrations of sulfate (542 mg/L) and heavy metals (Fe 12 mg/L, Mn 14 mg/L, Al 16 mg/L), and a nearly uniform springbrook-like temperature regime. More than 350 larvae were collected from deposits of leaves and woody detritus in a pool 0.32 km downstream from the mine entrance over a two-year period. Measurement of head-capsule widths yielded a multimodal distribution with five peaks, corresponding to five instars, in conformity with Dyar's Law. Eighty-three egg masses were observed along the stream channel from 3 June to 12 November at a mean distance of 6.1 cm above the water surface in moist, protected locations such as under moss mats or in crevices of logs. Eggs began hatching by mid-summer, first-instar larvae were present in samples from August-October, all five instars were represented in October, instars II-V were still present in December, but only instars IV and V were represented in samples collected from March to July. The extended periods of oviposition and larval recruitment, together with a remarkably protracted flight period of six months (29 April-30 October), led to the conclusion that the population of O. ocelligera at the mine site exhibited an asynchronous univoltine life cycle. Measurement of the width of the anterior border of the frontoclypeal apotome confirmed Wiggins' proposal that this metric is useful for distinguishing final instar larvae of O. ocelligera from its only Nearctic congener, O. pardalis. Occupied pupal cases were found embedded in sodden logs from 8 April to 10 June. Pupae had mandibles reduced to membranous lobes. A silken mesh closing the anterior end case of the pupal case is reported for the first time in O. ocelligera, representing the third evolutionary reversal for this behavioral character in the phylogeny of phryganeid genera proposed by Wiggins. Adults exhibited only diurnal flight, and were absent from light traps deployed on five nights. Females displayed more cryptic behavior, and their wing pattern was distinctly duller in color than males. C1 [Redell, Lori A.; Ross, Robert M.; Dropkin, David S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Branch, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Gall, Wayne K.] New York State Dept Hlth, Buffalo, NY 14202 USA. RP Redell, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Branch, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM lori_redell@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 13 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2009 VL 16 IS 2 BP 285 EP 306 DI 10.1656/045.016.0209 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 468AK UT WOS:000267785300009 ER PT J AU Kram, P Oulehle, F Stedra, V Hruska, J Shanley, JB Minocha, R Traister, E AF Kram, Pavel Oulehle, Filip Stedra, Veronika Hruska, Jakub Shanley, James B. Minocha, Rakesh Traister, Elena TI Geoecology of a Forest Watershed Underlain by Serpentine in Central Europe SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Serpentine Ecology CY JUN 16-23, 2008 CL Coll Atlantic, Bar Harbor, ME HO Coll Atlantic ID SOIL; ACIDIFICATION; CATCHMENTS; CHEMISTRY; RECOVERY; STREAMS; AREAS AB The geoecology of a serpentinite-dominated site in the Czech Republic was investigated by rock, soil, water, and plant analyses. The 22-ha Pluhuv Bor watershed is almost entirely forested by a nearly 110-year old plantation of Picea abies (Norway Spruce) mixed with native Pinus sylvestris (Scots Pine) in the highest elevations. It is mainly underlain by serpentinite, with occassional tremolite and actinolite schists and amphibolite outcrops. Tremolite schists and especially serpentinites are characterized by extremely high concentrations of Mg, Ni, and Cr and by negligible concentrations of K, creating an unusual environment for plants. The spruce growth rate is very slow, apparently as a result of K deficiency, Mg oversupply, and Ni toxicity. Foliar Ca is in the upper part of the optimum range because schists and amphibolites are important sources of Ca to the soil exchangeable pool and vegetation. Mineral weathering and atmospheric deposition generate near-neutral magnesium-bicarbonate-sulfate streamwater with a high concentration of Ni. C1 [Kram, Pavel; Oulehle, Filip; Stedra, Veronika; Hruska, Jakub] Czech Geol Survey, Prague 11821 1, Czech Republic. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Minocha, Rakesh] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Traister, Elena] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Kram, P (reprint author), Czech Geol Survey, Klarov 3, Prague 11821 1, Czech Republic. EM pavel.kram@geology.cz RI Oulehle, Filip/E-8616-2011; Hruska, Jakub/G-1562-2014 OI Oulehle, Filip/0000-0003-3592-461X; NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 17 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2009 VL 16 SI 5 BP 309 EP 328 DI 10.1656/045.016.0523 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 585GU UT WOS:000276813900023 ER PT J AU Hedrick, LB Welsh, SA Anderson, JT AF Hedrick, Lara B. Welsh, Stuart A. Anderson, James T. TI Influences of High-flow Events on a Stream Channel Altered by Construction of a Highway Bridge: A Case Study SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; RURAL CATCHMENTS; DRAINAGE-BASIN; URBANIZATION; SEDIMENT; URBAN; EROSION; GEOMORPHOLOGY AB Impacts of highway construction on streams in the central Appalachians are a growing concern as new roads are created to promote tourism and economic development in the area. Alterations to the streambed of a first-order stream, Sauerkraut Run, Hardy County, WV, during construction of a highway overpass included placement and removal of a temporary culvert, straightening and regrading of a section of stream channel, and armourment of a bank with a reinforced gravel berm. We surveyed longitudinal profiles and cross sections in a reference reach and the altered reach of Sauerkraut Run from 2003 through 2007 to measure physical changes in the streambed. During the four-year period, three high-flow events changed the streambed downstream of construction including channel widening and aggradation and then degradation of the streambed. Upstream of construction, at a reinforced gravel berm, bank erosion was documented. The reference section remained relatively unchanged. Knowledge gained by documenting channel changes in response to natural and anthropogenic variables can be useful for managers and engineers involved in highway construction projects. C1 [Hedrick, Lara B.; Welsh, Stuart A.] W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Anderson, James T.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Hedrick, LB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM larahedrick@frontiernet.net FU West Virginia Division of Highways FX We thank the West Virginia Division of Highways for providing partial support for this research, and Jim Hedrick and Will Ravenscroft for help in collecting data. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement of commercial products by the US government. This paper is scientific article number 3020 of the West Virginia University Agriculture and Forestry Experimental Station. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2009 VL 16 IS 3 BP 375 EP 394 DI 10.1656/045.016.n306 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 508KK UT WOS:000270929500006 ER PT J AU Blodget, BG Dettmers, R Scanlon, J AF Blodget, Bradford G. Dettmers, Randy Scanlon, John TI Status and Trends of Birds in an Extensive Western Massachusetts Forest SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; POPULATION TRENDS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; MANAGEMENT; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS AB We report forest bird population trends from 1987-2005 at a 280.7-ha site in Chester, MA. Our study site consisted primarily of mid-successional (70-90 yr old) forest in a landscape of similar, non-fragmented forest. Using point counts at 100 stations, we detected 94 species in early June over all years. Mean numbers of species and detections/yr were 57 and 1104, respectively. Species richness and total detections were stable (P <= 0.05). We analyzed trends for the 36 most frequently detected species. Four species exhibited significant increasing trends and 10 significant declining trends; 22 species were stable or exhibited no significant trend (P : 0.05). Whether a species was a resident, short-distance, migrant, or Neotropical migrant did not appear to be a determinative factor for trends. Trends were more readily explained by (1) areal and structural expansion of mature forest conditions and (11) forestry treatments that affected 70 ha (25%) of the study site. We report few changes in species abundances that could not be plausibly explained by intra-site habitat changes and no mysterious or alarming changes in the first 19 years of this study. C1 [Dettmers, Randy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [Blodget, Bradford G.; Scanlon, John] Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Dettmers, R (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM randy_dettmers@fws.gov FU Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife FX We thank the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife for supporting this long-term study and extend special appreciation to the late T. Keefe for his support of our study. We also thank T. Gola, D. St. James, and C. Welsh for assistance in conducting point counts. We extend our thanks and appreciation to B. Davis, B. Hawthorne, A.M. Kittredge, and J. Livingston, who helped maintain the transect system in good condition. We are indebted to S. Langlois, who spent many hours patiently working with us to bring our data management under control, to L. Newlands for assistance with data compilation, and to information specialists J. Bell and J. DeNormandie, who managed GPS data and accessed GIS data files for developing text maps. B.G. Peterjohn offered valuable dialogue and insight. We also thank R.A. Askins, R.M. DeGraaf, T.W. French, W.R. Meservey, G. Ritchison, F. Wasserman, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript and contributing many helpful suggestions. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2009 VL 16 IS 3 BP 423 EP 442 DI 10.1656/045.016.n310 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 508KK UT WOS:000270929500010 ER PT J AU Carniel, S Warner, JC Chiggiato, J Sclavo, M AF Carniel, Sandro Warner, John C. Chiggiato, Jacopo Sclavo, Mauro TI Investigating the impact of surface wave breaking on modeling the trajectories of drifters in the northern Adriatic Sea during a wind-storm event SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Wave breaking; Turbulence; Drifter ID TURBULENCE CLOSURE MODELS; LENGTH-SCALE EQUATION; OCEANIC MIXED-LAYER; CIRCULATION; COORDINATE; SYSTEM; PARAMETERIZATION; ASSIMILATION; DISSIPATION; SIMULATION AB An accurate numerical prediction of the oceanic upper layer velocity is a demanding requirement for many applications at sea and is a function of several near-surface processes that need to be incorporated in a numerical model. Among them, we assess the effects of vertical resolution, different vertical mixing parameterization (the so-called Generic Length Scale -GLS- set of k-epsilon, k-omega, gen, and the Mellor-Yamada), and surface roughness values on turbulent kinetic energy (k) injection from breaking waves. First, we modified the GLS turbulence closure formulation in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to incorporate the surface flux of turbulent kinetic energy due to wave breaking. Then, we applied the model to idealized test cases, exploring the sensitivity to the above mentioned factors. Last, the model was applied to a realistic situation in the Adriatic Sea driven by numerical meteorological forcings and river discharges. In this case, numerical drifters were released during an intense episode of Bora winds that occurred in mid- February 2003, and their trajectories compared to the displacement of satellite-tracked drifters deployed during the ADRIA02-03 sea-truth campaign. Results indicted that the inclusion of the wave breaking process helps improve the accuracy of the numerical simulations, subject to an increase in the typical value of the surface roughness z(o). Specifically, the best performance was obtained using alpha(CH) = 56,000 in the Charnok formula, the wave breaking parameterization activated, k-epsilon as the turbulence closure model. With these options, the relative error with respect to the average distance of the drifter was about 25% (5.5 km/day). The most sensitive factors in the model were found to be the value of alpha(CH) enhanced with respect to a standard value, followed by the adoption of wave breaking parameterization and the particular turbulence closure model selected. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carniel, Sandro; Chiggiato, Jacopo; Sclavo, Mauro] Consiglio Nazl Ric ISMAR, I-30122 Venice, Italy. [Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Woodshole, MA USA. [Chiggiato, Jacopo] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. RP Carniel, S (reprint author), Consiglio Nazl Ric ISMAR, Castello 1364, I-30122 Venice, Italy. EM sandro.carniel@ismar.cnr.it RI Carniel, Sandro/J-9278-2012; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI Carniel, Sandro/0000-0001-8317-1603; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Chiggiato, Jacopo/0000-0002-0998-6473 FU VECTOR-FISR Project; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-05-1-0730]; Research Contract between CNR-ISMAR; ARPA-SIMC; CMCC; NURC Italy.; ARPA-SIM in Bologna; NURC [ADRIA02-ADRIA03] FX This work was sponsored by VECTOR-FISR Project and partially by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Grant number N00014-05-1-0730. The partial support from the Research Contract between CNR-ISMAR and ARPA-SIMC and the CMCC is also grateful acknowledged. Drifters data were made available thanks to P.-M. Poulain (OGS Trieste, Italy) and NURC Italy. ARPA-SIM in Bologna is acknowledged for providing us with LAMI and Po river discharges data during the framework of the NURC project ADRIA02-ADRIA03. We thank the ROMS and GOTM team for making the Regional Ocean Modeling System and the General Ocean Turbulence Model available to the scientific world as community models. Last, the authors are thankful to Prof. V.M. Canuto, to an anonymous reviewer and to the journal Editor who greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 2-3 BP 225 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.07.001 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 496QW UT WOS:000269991500012 ER PT J AU Haas, KA Warner, JC AF Haas, Kevin A. Warner, John C. TI Comparing a quasi-3D to a full 3D nearshore circulation model: SHORECIRC and ROMS SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Nearshore hydrodynamics; Surfzone modelling; Longshore currents; Undertow; Radiation stress ID SURFACE-WAVE EQUATIONS; INCIDENT SEA WAVES; LONGSHORE CURRENTS; 3-DIMENSIONAL CURRENT; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; RIP CURRENTS; UNDERTOW; TOPOGRAPHY; GENERATION; DYNAMICS AB Predictions of nearshore and surf zone processes are important for determining coastal circulation, impacts of storms, navigation, and recreational safety. Numerical modeling of these systems facilitates advancements in our understanding of coastal changes and can provide predictive capabilities for resource managers. There exists many nearshore coastal circulation models, however they are mostly limited or typically only applied as depth integrated models. SHORECIRC is an established surf zone circulation model that is quasi-3D to allow the effect of the variability in the vertical structure of the currents while maintaining the computational advantage of a 2DH model. Here we compare SHORECIRC to ROMS, a fully 3D ocean circulation model which now includes a three dimensional formulation for the wave-driven flows. We compare the models with three different test applications for: (i) spectral waves approaching a plane beach with an oblique angle of incidence; (ii) monochromatic waves driving long-shore currents in a laboratory basin: and (iii) monochromatic waves on a barred beach with rip channels in a laboratory basin. Results identify that the models are very similar for the depth integrated flows and qualitatively consistent for the vertically varying components. The differences are primarily the result of the vertically varying radiation stress utilized by ROMS and the utilization of long wave theory for the radiation stress formulation in vertical varying momentum balance by SHORECIRC. The quasi-3D model is faster, however the applicability of the fully 3D model allows it to extend over a broader range of processes, temporal, and spatial scales. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Haas, Kevin A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. [Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Haas, KA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 210 Technol Circle, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. EM khaas@gatech.edu; jcwarner@usgs.gov FU South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium [R/CP-11]; SC Coastal Erosion Study FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of the SC Coastal Erosion Study and by the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium (Project R/CP-11). We thank Jeff List and Fengyan Shi for their thoughtful comments and insights for the internal USGS review prior to journal submission. NR 44 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.09.003 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 394BZ UT WOS:000262421500005 ER PT J AU Plant, NG AF Plant, Nathaniel G. BE Glickson, D TI Real Time Decision Support Everywhere SO OCEANOGRAPHY IN 2025 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Oceanography in 2025 CY JAN 08-09, 2009 CL Natl Res Council, Ocean Studies Board, Irvine, CA HO Natl Res Council, Ocean Studies Board C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Plant, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-13745-4 PY 2009 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BC0JF UT WOS:000349083500010 ER PT S AU Martini, M Armstrong, B Warner, JC AF Martini, Marinna Armstrong, Brandy Warner, John C. GP IEEE TI High resolution near-bed observations in winter near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Science Center in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, is leading an effort to understand the regional sediment dynamics along the coastline of North and South Carolina. As part of the Carolinas Coastal Change Processes Project, a geologic framework study in June of 2008 by the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center's Sea Floor Mapping Group focused on the seaward limit of Diamond Shoals and provided high resolution bathymetric data, surficial sediment characteristics, and subsurface geologic stratigraphy. These data also provided unprecedented guidance to identify deployment locations for tripods and moorings to investigate the processes that control sediment transport at Diamond Shoals. Equipment was deployed at three sites from early January, 2009 through early May, 2009: north and south of the shoals at 15 m depth, and at the tip at 24 m depth. Many strong storm systems were recorded during that time period. Mounted on the tripods were instruments to measure surface waves, pressure, current velocity, bottom turbulence, suspended-sediment profiles, and sea-floor sand-ripple bedforms. Many instruments were designed and programmed to sample in high resolution in time and space, as fast as 8 Hz hourly bursts and as small as 6 cm bin sizes in near bottom profiles. A second tripod at the north site also held a visual camera system and sonar imaging system which document seafloor bedforms. The region is known for its dynamics, and one of the tripods tipped over towards the end of the experiment. A preliminary look at the data suggests the region is characterized by high energy. Raw data from a burst recorded at the south site on Mar. 26(th) show instantaneous flow speed at 150 cm/s at 0.5 m above the seabed. This paper reports preliminary highlights of the observations, based on raw data, and lessons learned from a deployment of large tripod systems in such a dynamic location. C1 [Martini, Marinna; Armstrong, Brandy; Warner, John C.] USGS Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Martini, M (reprint author), USGS Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 530 EP 539 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600078 ER PT S AU Meisinger, M Farcas, C Farcas, E Alexander, C Arrott, M de La Beaujardiere, J Hubbard, P Mendelssohn, R Signell, R AF Meisinger, Michael Farcas, Claudiu Farcas, Emilia Alexander, Charles Arrott, Matthew de La Beaujardiere, Jeff Hubbard, Paul Mendelssohn, Roy Signell, Richard GP IEEE TI Serving Ocean Model Data on the Cloud SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The NOAA-led Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) and the NSF-funded Ocean Observatories Initiative Cyberinfrastructure Project (OOI-CI) are collaborating on a prototype data delivery system for numerical model output and other gridded data using cloud computing. The strategy is to take an existing distributed system for delivering gridded data and redeploy on the cloud, making modifications to the system that allow it to harness the scalability of the cloud as well as adding functionality that the scalability affords. C1 [Meisinger, Michael; Farcas, Claudiu; Farcas, Emilia; Arrott, Matthew; Hubbard, Paul] Univ Calif San Diego, Calit2, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Alexander, Charles; de La Beaujardiere, Jeff; Hubbard, Paul] NOAA IOOS Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mendelssohn, Roy] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Signell, Richard] ERD, SWFSC, NMFS, NOAA, Pacific Grove, CA USA. RP Meisinger, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Calit2, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU NOAA cooperative agreement with the scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego [NA 17RJ1231]; NOAA cooperative agreement [NA 17RJ1231]; scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego; JOI Subaward [JSA 7-11]; NSF [OCE-0418967]; Ocean Leadership, Inc. FX The prototype effort articulated in this paper is funded through the NOAA cooperative agreement, # NA 17RJ1231, with the scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego. The Data Exchange effort is a part of and dependent on the larger OOI Cyberinfrastructure effort funded through the JOI Subaward, JSA 7-11, which is in turn funded by the NSF contract OCE-0418967 with the Consortium for Ocean Leadership, Inc. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2693 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601123 ER PT J AU Mellink, E Riojas-Lopez, M Luevano, J Wheeler, JA AF Mellink, Eric Riojas-Lopez, Monica Luevano, Jaime Wheeler, Jennifer A. TI HISTORIC CHANGES IN MID-WINTER USE OF LAGUNA CUYUTLAN, COLIMA, MEXICO, BY WATERFOWL SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Tropical Mexico; coastal lagoon; freshwater flow; waterfowl; development ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; MANAGEMENT; WATERBIRDS; COLONIES; WETLANDS; INFLOW; TERN AB To understand changes in winter waterfowl abundance at Laguna Cuyutlan, we analyzed data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Midwinter Waterfowl Surveys. Data exhibited the plummeting of waterfowl abundance in this lagoon in 1955, which, had no equivalence in other estuarine systems in southern Mexico. The species involved did not exhibit range-wide population reductions either. Most likely, this reduction was caused by man deriving the greatest part of fresh water from the Ayuquila-Armeria watershed for human use, mostly agriculture, causing the loss or deterioration of ecological processes in the lagoon. The role of freshwater supply to Laguna Cuyutlan has been neglected by researchers and managers alike, while, conversely, they supported the opening of the lagoon to the sea. The effects of freshwater flow into Laguna Cuyutlan, as well as the supposed benefit of artificial connections with the sea, should be examined much more thoroughly, to provide sounder management actions for the conservation or restoration of the lagoon's ecological characteristics. Accepted 30 January 2009. C1 [Mellink, Eric; Luevano, Jaime] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Biol Conservac, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Riojas-Lopez, Monica] Univ Guadalajara, Dept Ecol, Ctr Univ Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Zapopan 45100, Jalisco, Mexico. [Wheeler, Jennifer A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Mellink, E (reprint author), Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Biol Conservac, Carretera Tijuana Ensenada,Km 107, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. EM emellink@cicese.mx NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CTR PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602-2152 USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2009 VL 20 IS 2 BP 171 EP 179 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 457UB UT WOS:000266958200002 ER PT S AU Nielsen, JL Ruggerone, GT AF Nielsen, Jennifer L. Ruggerone, Gregory T. BE Knudsen, EE Michael, JH TI Climate Change and a Dynamic Ocean Carrying Capacity: Growth and Survival of Pacific Salmon at Sea SO PACIFIC SALMON ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIFE HISTORY MODELS: ADVANCING SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE SALMON IN THE FUTURE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Pacific Salmon Environmental and Life History Models CY SEP 13-14, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID BAY SOCKEYE-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA STOCKS; EGG SIZE VARIATION; NORTH PACIFIC; LIFE-HISTORY; PINK SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BERING-SEA; CHINOOK SALMON; MARINE GROWTH AB Studies have documented reduced growth of salmon in response to competition with conspecific salmon and with other salmon species during early and late marine life stages. However, key questions remain as to whether density-dependent growth translates to reduced survival of salmon at sea and whether changes in ocean regimes, similar to that of 1976/1977, can alter this relationship. These questions are particularly important with respect to annual releases of numerous hatchery salmonids into the ocean. Few studies have tested these questions because the capacity of the ocean to support salmon is dynamic and reduced growth in Pacific salmon is often associated with great abundance of smaller fish which infers a higher overall survival rate, thereby confounding traditional statistical fisheries harvest modeling efforts. We review evidence from several recent studies suggesting that, when the density-dependent effect on growth at sea is large, salmon survival is lower with lower reproductive potential from survivors, and that the salmon carrying capacity of the ocean is influenced by climate change. We conclude that salmon growth and survival responses to oceanic changes can vary with season and life stage and that density-dependent growth at sea is an important, yet often elusive, mechanism affecting salmon survival. Pacific salmon life history models should account for these relationships. C1 [Nielsen, Jennifer L.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Nielsen, JL (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jlnielsen@usgs.gov NR 146 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-09-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2009 VL 71 BP 77 EP 96 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BLY21 UT WOS:000271411600006 ER PT S AU Thompson, BE Lestelle, LC Blair, GR Mobrand, LE AF Thompson, Brad E. Lestelle, Lawrence C. Blair, Gregory R. Mobrand, Lars E. BE Knudsen, EE Michael, JH TI Restoring Habitat Could Recover Chinook Salmon Populations in the Dungeness and Dosewallips Watersheds SO PACIFIC SALMON ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIFE HISTORY MODELS: ADVANCING SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE SALMON IN THE FUTURE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Pacific Salmon Environmental and Life History Models CY SEP 13-14, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and Tribal co-managers are using the Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment (EDT) model to identify the spatial and temporal habitat limits of salmon populations and predict the effects of proposed habitat restoration projects for ESA-listed Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in two Puget Sound watersheds. The collaborative, iterative process focused on habitat-based population models for the Dungeness and Dosewallips watersheds. Workshops were held to develop quantitative characteristics of current, historic, hypothetical properly functioning, and future habitat conditions. The model predicted salmon populations in the watersheds for each set of habitat conditions. Recovery targets were based on the predicted populations for historic and hypothetical properly functioning conditions. Future populations were modeled using projected habitat conditions with individual habitat restoration and protection actions already proposed and combinations of these actions. Populations resulting from further habitat degradation were estimated using the effects of projected human population growth on habitat. C1 [Thompson, Brad E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP Thompson, BE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr SE,Suite 102, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. EM Brad_Thompson@fws.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-09-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 71 BP 311 EP 335 PG 25 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BLY21 UT WOS:000271411600016 ER PT S AU Jennings, CA Zigler, SJ AF Jennings, Cecil A. Zigler, Steven J. BE Paukert, CP Scholten, GD TI Biology and Life History of Paddlefish in North America: An Update SO PADDLEFISH MANAGEMENT, PROPAGATION, AND CONSERVATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: BUILDING FROM 20 YEARS OF RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Paddlefish Conservation and Management CY DEC 05, 2006 CL Omaha, NE SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; POLYODON-SPATHULA; MISSOURI RIVER; HABITAT USE; OHIO RIVER; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; JUVENILE PADDLEFISH; SPAWNING MIGRATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ADULT PADDLEFISH AB Paddlefish Polyodon spathula are among the largest and longest lived of the freshwater fishes (e.g., more than 2.2 m long; 72 kg; 30 years old) and can be distinguished by the presence of a large mouth and a long, paddle-shaped snout. Smooth skin, small eyes, a large, tapering operculum flap, bluish-gray to black coloration dorsally, and a deeply forked heterocercal caudal fin all serve to distinguish paddlefish from other species. Paddlefish become sexually mature and spawn at a later age than many other freshwater fishes; males mature at an earlier age than females, but maturity varies by latitude. Male paddlefish typically spawn each year, but spawning periodicity may be variable for females. Paddlefish spawn over gravel or other hard surfaces and require specific photoperiod, water temperature, and water flow for successful spawning. Paddlefish are relatively fecund (9,000-26,000 eggs per kilogram of body weight); mature eggs range from about 2.0-4.0 mm in diameter, and time from egg fertilization to hatching is directly related to water temperature. Optimum temperature for hatching is about 18 degrees C. Newly hatched larvae average about 8.5 mm total length (TL) and are passive drifters until they are about 17 mm long when the yolk sac has been absorbed and the larvae begin active feeding on zooplankton and insects. Paddlefish complete fin ray development at 145-160 mm TL; at this size, they are considered juveniles and are similar in appearance to adults. Few paddlefish reach the maximum known age; instead, the median age for most populations is 5-8 years and maximum age is 14-18 years. Paddlefish growth seems to be directly related to the length of the growing season and food abundance. Generally, paddlefish length increases rapidly for about the first 5 years. After 5 years, paddlefish weight increases rapidly and may double during this time. Paddlefish feed primarily on zooplankton but occasionally consume small insects, insect larvae, and small fish. Traditionally, paddlefish inhabited slow-moving waters of side channels and river-lakes. In regulated rivers, paddlefish congregate where current velocities are reduced. In large rivers, paddlefish tend to congregate in the deep waters, usually selecting areas with depths greater than 3 m and current velocities less than 0.5 m/s. Further, paddlefish are highly mobile and make extensive movements within a system. Most of this movement is random, but paddlefish also make extensive nonrandom movements in spring during upstream migration to spawning areas. Some aspects of paddlefish life history and biology make them highly vulnerable to human activities. High prices for paddlefish roe or flesh periodically have stimulated fishing pressure and overexploitation followed by rapid declines in some populations. Dredging, flow manipulation, and the construction of dams have altered much of the traditional paddlefish habitat. Increasing levels of recreational and commercial boat traffic may also contribute to the mortality of paddlefish. Understanding and considering paddlefish biology and ecology can contribute to scientifically sound stewardship of all paddlefish populations, whether management is for conserving healthy populations or restoring decimated stocks. C1 [Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jennings@uga.edu NR 140 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-12-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 66 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BPB75 UT WOS:000278471300001 ER PT S AU Bettoli, PW Kerns, JA Scholten, GD AF Bettoli, Phillip W. Kerns, Janice A. Scholten, George D. BE Paukert, CP Scholten, GD TI Status of Paddlefish in the United States SO PADDLEFISH MANAGEMENT, PROPAGATION, AND CONSERVATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: BUILDING FROM 20 YEARS OF RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Paddlefish Conservation and Management CY DEC 05, 2006 CL Omaha, NE SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; MISSOURI RIVER; RESERVOIR; MANAGEMENT; MIGRATION; MOVEMENT AB The status of paddlefish Polyodon spat hula in the United States was first described in two surveys published in 1986 and 1997; in this paper, we report the results of a similar survey of state and federal agency personnel that we conducted in 2006. From the 1970s through the 1990s, the status of paddlefish stocks was on a downward trend throughout much of the species' range. The 2006 survey results suggest that the status of paddlefish stocks has improved since the first survey was conducted; 17 of 26 states in 2006 reported that their paddlefish populations were stable or increasing, compared to only 14 states in 1983 and 1994. The number of states with closed fisheries (i.e., no commercial or sport harvest) increased to 12 in 2006 from 8 in 1983. The number of states reporting declining or stable/declining paddlefish populations dropped from seven states in 1983 to only three states in 2006. The two principal reasons cited for reported declines have remained the same for more than three decades: habitat loss and overfishing. Two states where paddlefish were listed as extirpated (New York and Pennsylvania) have begun restoration efforts that may one day allow the status of paddlefish in those states to be changed. As long as the demand for caviar remains strong, pressure on paddlefish stocks will undoubtedly remain high in the seven states where they are commercially exploited. However, earlier fears of a basin-wide collapse in paddlefish stocks should continue to diminish if resource managers are successful in combating overfishing and continued habitat destruction, which will always threaten the long-term viability of paddlefish stocks throughout the Mississippi River basin. C1 [Bettoli, Phillip W.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Kerns, JA (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 205 Pennebaker Hall, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM janice.kerns@gmail.com NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-12-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 66 BP 23 EP 38 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BPB75 UT WOS:000278471300002 ER PT S AU Mettee, MF O'Neil, PE Rider, SJ AF Mettee, Maurice F. O'Neil, Patrick E. Rider, Steven J. BE Paukert, CP Scholten, GD TI Paddlefish Movements in the Lower Mobile River Basin, Alabama SO PADDLEFISH MANAGEMENT, PROPAGATION, AND CONSERVATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: BUILDING FROM 20 YEARS OF RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Paddlefish Conservation and Management CY DEC 05, 2006 CL Omaha, NE SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; POLYODON-SPATHULA; HABITAT USE; ADULT PADDLEFISH; MISSOURI RIVER; MIGRATION; FISHES AB This paper describes the movements of 102 sonic tagged paddlefish released in the Alabama River from 2001 to 2005 and 10 sonic fish released in Mobile Bay in 2006, evaluates possible spawning site fidelity at Millers Ferry Lock and Dam, and presents fisheries, river discharge, and lock use data in support of our recommendation to implement January through April fish passage operations at two locks and dams in the Alabama River. Fifty-seven paddlefish released in the Alabama River remained between Millers Ferry and Claiborne locks and dams. Thirty-four fish moved downstream past Claiborne Lock and Dam and inhabited widely separated sites in the Alabama, Tensaw, and Tombigbee rivers. One fish moved upstream through Millers Ferry lock chamber and was detected in Dannelly Reservoir for 2 years. Spawning site fidelity is suggested based on the return of 15 tagged fish to Millers Ferry tailwater area 1 or 2 years following their release. Four of eight paddlefish released in Mobile Bay remained in the Tensaw River system throughout the study. Four other fish were detected above and below Claiborne Lock and Dam in the Alabama River. Movement patterns documented during our study established an important life history link between spawning habitats in the Alabama River, summer feeding habitats in the Mobile Tensaw River delta, and winter feeding habitats in Mobile Bay. Proposed fish passage operations at Claiborne and Millers Ferry locks and dams should not be expensive to implement and they should not adversely affect navigation, hydroelectric generation schedules, and industrial water needs along the river. C1 [Mettee, Maurice F.; O'Neil, Patrick E.] US Geol Survey, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 USA. RP Mettee, MF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 869999, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 USA. EM smettee@gsa.state.al.us NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-12-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 66 BP 63 EP 81 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BPB75 UT WOS:000278471300005 ER PT S AU Braaten, PJ Fuller, DB Lou, RD AF Braaten, Patrick J. Fuller, David B. Lou, Ryan D. BE Paukert, CP Scholten, GD TI Spawning Migrations and Reproductive Dynamics of Paddlefish in the Upper Missouri River Basin, Montana and North Dakota SO PADDLEFISH MANAGEMENT, PROPAGATION, AND CONSERVATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: BUILDING FROM 20 YEARS OF RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Paddlefish Conservation and Management CY DEC 05, 2006 CL Omaha, NE SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID ALABAMA RIVER; RESERVOIR; ADULT; MOVEMENTS; TENNESSEE; FIDELITY; HISTORY; STOCK AB A reproducing population of paddlefish Polyodon spathula in the upper Missouri River basin of Montana and North Dakota has spawning access to the free-flowing Yellowstone River, the thermally and hydro-logically impacted Missouri River below Fort Peck Dam, and the Milk River (a tributary to the Missouri River below Fort Peck Dam). In this study, we quantified paddlefish spawning migrations into these potential spawning areas based on 4 years (2002-2005) of telemetry information and quantified spawning success based on collections of larvae over a 5-year period (2001 2005). The initiation of spawning migrations into the Yellowstone River and Missouri River was consistent among years (early to mid-April) and typically occurred following slight increases (3.8-18.1%) in discharge. Each year, about one-third and two-thirds of the radio-implanted population of paddlefish migrated into the Missouri River and Yellowstone River, respectively. Spawning migrations into the Milk River primarily occurred only following substantial increases (>200%) in discharge. Larval paddlefish were collected annually in all rivers except the Milk River in 2003 when discharges were low and paddlefish did not migrate into the river. Spawning was initiated earliest in the Yellowstone River, and there was strong evidence that spawning in the Yellowstone River and Milk River was initiated by a discharge pulse. Results from this study provide an understanding of the reproductive dynamics of paddlefish and the environmental factors associated with paddlefish reproduction in the upper Missouri River basin. C1 [Braaten, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. RP Braaten, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. EM pbraaten@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-12-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 66 BP 103 EP 122 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BPB75 UT WOS:000278471300007 ER PT S AU Sloss, BL Klumb, RA Heist, EJ AF Sloss, Brian L. Klumb, Robert A. Heist, Edward J. BE Paukert, CP Scholten, GD TI Genetic Conservation and Paddlefish Propagation SO PADDLEFISH MANAGEMENT, PROPAGATION, AND CONSERVATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: BUILDING FROM 20 YEARS OF RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Paddlefish Conservation and Management CY DEC 05, 2006 CL Omaha, NE SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION; POLYODON-SPATHULA; FISH POPULATIONS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; PINK SALMON; HATCHERY; MARKERS AB The conservation of genetic diversity of our natural resources is overwhelmingly one of the central foci of 21st century management practices. Three recommendations related to the conservation of paddlefish Polyodon spathula genetic diversity are to (1) identify genetic diversity at both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA loci using a suggested list of 20 sampling locations, (2) use genetic diversity estimates to develop genetic management units, and (3) identify broodstock sources to minimize effects of supplemental stocking on the genetic integrity of native paddlefish populations. We review previous genetic work on paddlefish and described key principles and concepts associated with maintaining genetic diversity within and among paddlefish populations and also present a genetic case study of current paddlefish propagation at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Gavins Point National Fish Hatchery. This study confirmed that three potential sources of broodfish were genetically indistinguishable at the loci examined, allowing the management agencies cooperating on this program flexibility in sampling gametes. This study also showed significant bias in the hatchery occurred in terms of male reproductive contribution, which resulted in a shift in the genetic diversity of progeny compared to the broodfish. This shift was shown to result from differential male contributions, partially attributed to the mode of egg fertilization. Genetic insights enable implementation of a paddlefish propagation program within an adaptive management strategy that conserves inherent genetic diversity while achieving demographic goals. C1 [Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Sloss, BL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM brian.sloss@uwsp.edu RI Heist, Ed/A-8703-2010 OI Heist, Ed/0000-0002-9813-8950 NR 86 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-12-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 66 BP 307 EP 327 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BPB75 UT WOS:000278471300019 ER PT S AU Grady, JM Elkington, BS AF Grady, Joanne M. Elkington, Brian S. BE Paukert, CP Scholten, GD TI Establishing and Maintaining Paddlefish Populations by Stocking SO PADDLEFISH MANAGEMENT, PROPAGATION, AND CONSERVATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: BUILDING FROM 20 YEARS OF RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Paddlefish Conservation and Management CY DEC 05, 2006 CL Omaha, NE SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID DNA AB Paddlefish Polyodon spathula were stocked by state and federal hatcheries throughout their range in the Mississippi River basin to (1) restore extirpated populations, (2) mitigate for habitat loss, and (3) support recreational fishing. The objectives of this paper were to review current and past paddlefish stocking by states to determine the objectives and criteria for stocking, parameters of the stocking (e.g., rates, sizes, etc.), and growth and dispersal of stocked paddlefish so agencies can use this information to make better informed decisions about future paddlefish stocking. In 2006, a questionnaire was sent to each state agency in the paddlefish range to determine each agency's stocking costs and effort. Results from this survey were supplemented with data collected as part of the Mississippi Interstate Cooperative Resource Association (MICRA) Paddlefish Stock Assessment Program to assess stocking efforts and strategies in the Mississippi River basin. Four states on the edges of the paddlefish's range stock fish to restore extirpated populations. Missouri and South Dakota stock fish to mitigate natural reproduction where large dams on historic paddlefish rivers limit spawning. While stocking decisions were made by each agency independently, all paddlefish stocking agencies participated in the MICRA Paddlefish Stock Assessment Program. Most stocked fish were marked with uniquely labeled coded-wire tags to monitor fish movement and recaptures. More than 2.2 million paddlefish have been stocked from 14 states from 1988 to 2007. State and federal agencies have spent more than $10.7 million maintaining paddlefish populations through stocking since 1988. Paddlefish stocking will continue to play an integral role in the conservation and management of paddlefish as efforts to maintain sport fisheries and restore native populations continue. C1 [Grady, Joanne M.; Elkington, Brian S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Grady, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 101 Pk DeVille Dr,Suite A, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM joanne_grady@fws.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-12-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 66 BP 385 EP 396 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BPB75 UT WOS:000278471300023 ER PT S AU Chipps, SR Symens, HD Bollig, H AF Chipps, Steven R. Symens, H. Denise Bollig, Herbert BE Paukert, CP Scholten, GD TI Influence of Cladoceran Composition and Abundance on Survival of Age-0 Paddlefish SO PADDLEFISH MANAGEMENT, PROPAGATION, AND CONSERVATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: BUILDING FROM 20 YEARS OF RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Paddlefish Conservation and Management CY DEC 05, 2006 CL Omaha, NE SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID LARVAL YELLOW PERCH; POLYODON-SPATHULA; JUVENILE PADDLEFISH; FEEDING ECOLOGY; PREY SELECTION; CLASS STRENGTH; GROWTH; FISH; YOUNG; SIZE AB We evaluated the influence of prey composition and abundance on survival and growth of age-0 paddlefish Polyodon spathula in 0.5-ha rearing ponds. Cladoceran abundance was measured in the spring of 1999 (n = four ponds), 2000 (n = six ponds) and 2005 (n = five ponds) at Gavin's Point National Fish Hatchery, South Dakota. Using an information theoretic approach, we found that density of small cladocerans (e.g., Bosmina) at the time of larval stocking was the best supported model in explaining paddlefish survival. In contrast, estimates of Daphnia abundance (initial, mean, and maximum density) were poor predictors of paddlefish survival. Neither the magnitude of Daphnia abundance nor whether abundance was increasing or decreasing in the ponds after stocking appeared to influence paddlefish survival. Paddlefish growth, however, was positively related to mean Daphnia abundance in ponds. These patterns highlight the need to better understand larval feeding ecology of paddlefish and the role of electrosensory detection as it relates to prey composition and abundance. C1 [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Chipps, SR (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM steven.chipps@sdstate.edu NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-12-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 66 BP 411 EP 422 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BPB75 UT WOS:000278471300025 ER PT S AU Paukert, CP Scholten, GD AF Paukert, Craig P. Scholten, George D. BE Paukert, CP Scholten, GD TI Where We Are Today in Paddlefish Conservation and Management SO PADDLEFISH MANAGEMENT, PROPAGATION, AND CONSERVATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: BUILDING FROM 20 YEARS OF RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Paddlefish Conservation and Management CY DEC 05, 2006 CL Omaha, NE SP Amer Fisheries Soc C1 [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cpaukert@ksu.edu; cpaukert@ksu.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-12-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 66 BP 441 EP 443 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BPB75 UT WOS:000278471300027 ER PT S AU Buczko, K Korponai, J Padisak, J Starratt, SW AF Buczko, Krisztina Korponai, Janos Padisak, Judit Starratt, Scott W. BE Buczko, K Korponai, J Padisak, J Starratt, SW TI Foreword: A virtual congress on palaeolimnology-palaeolimnological proxies as tools for environmental reconstruction in fresh water SO PALAEOLIMNOLOGICAL PROXIES AS TOOLS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION IN FRESH WATER SE Developments in Hydrobiology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Buczko, Krisztina] Hungarian Nat Hist Museum, Dept Bot, H-1476 Budapest, Hungary. [Korponai, Janos] W Transdanubian Dist Water Author, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary. [Korponai, Janos] Univ W Hungary, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, H-9700 Szombathely, Hungary. [Padisak, Judit] Univ Pannonia, Dept Limnol, H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary. [Starratt, Scott W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Buczko, K (reprint author), Hungarian Nat Hist Museum, Dept Bot, POB 222, H-1476 Budapest, Hungary. EM krisztina@buczko.eu; krisztina@buczko.eu RI Padisak, Judit/B-4514-2008 OI Padisak, Judit/0000-0001-8285-2896 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8418 BN 978-90-481-3386-4 J9 DEV HYDROBIOL JI Dev. Hydrobiol. PY 2009 VL 208 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3387-1_1 PG 2 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BLW87 UT WOS:000271240700001 ER PT S AU Starratt, SW AF Starratt, Scott W. BE Buczko, K Korponai, J Padisak, J Starratt, SW TI Holocene climate on the Modoc Plateau, northern California, USA: the view from Medicine Lake SO PALAEOLIMNOLOGICAL PROXIES AS TOOLS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION IN FRESH WATER SE Developments in Hydrobiology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Diatoms; Pollen; Laminated sediments; Multiproxy ID UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; SOUTHERN CASCADE RANGE; AMERICA; VARIABILITY; SEDIMENT; OREGON; RECORD; YR; OSCILLATION; HISTORY AB Medicine Lake is a small (165 ha), relatively shallow (average 7.3 m), intermediate elevation (2,036 m) lake located within the summit caldera of Medicine Lake volcano, Siskiyou County, California, USA. Sediment cores and high-resolution bathymetric and seismic reflection data were collected from the lake during the fall of 1999 and 2000. Sediments were analyzed for diatoms, pollen, density, grain size (sand/mud ratio), total organic carbon (TOC), and microscale fabric analysis. Using both (14)C (AMS) dating and tephrochronology, the basal sediments were estimated to have been deposited about 11,400 cal year BP, thus yielding an estimated average sedimentation rate of about 20.66 cm/1,000 year. The lowermost part of the core (11,400-10,300 cal year BP) contains the transition from glacial to interglacial conditions. From about 11,000-5,500 cal year BP, Medicine Lake consisted of two small, steep-sided lakes or one lake with two steep-sided basins connected by a shallow shelf. During this time, both the pollen (Abies/Artemisia ratio) and the diatom (Cyclotella/Navicula ratio) evidences indicate that the effective moisture increased, leading to a deeper lake. Over the past 5,500 years, the pollen record shows that effective moisture continued to increase, and the diatom record indicates fluctuations in the lake level. The change in the lake level pattern from one of the increasing depths prior to about 6,000 cal year BP to one of the variable depths may be related to changes in the morphology of the Medicine Lake caldera associated with the movement of magma and the eruption of the Medicine Lake Glass Flow about 5,120 cal year BP. These changes in basin morphology caused Medicine Lake to flood the shallow shelf which surrounds the deeper part of the lake. During this period, the Cyclotella/Navicula ratio and the percent abundance of Isoetes vary, suggesting that the level of the lake fluctuated, resulting in changes in the shelf area available for colonization by benthic diatoms and Isoetes. These fluctuations are not typical of the small number of low-elevation Holocene lake records in the region, and probably reflect the hydrologic conditions unique to Medicine Lake. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Starratt, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sstarrat@usgs.gov; sstarrat@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8418 BN 978-90-481-3386-4 J9 DEV HYDROBIOL JI Dev. Hydrobiol. PY 2009 VL 208 BP 197 EP 211 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3387-1_12 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BLW87 UT WOS:000271240700012 ER PT J AU Fassett, JE AF Fassett, James E. TI RESPONSE TO CRITIQUE BY LUCAS ET AL. (2009) OF PAPER BY FASSETT (2009) DOCUMENTING PALEOCENE DINOSAURS IN THE SAN JUAN BASIN SO PALAEONTOLOGIA ELECTRONICA LA English DT Editorial Material DE Paleocene dinosaurs; K-T interface; geochronology; palynology; paleomagnetism; vertebrate paleontology ID NEW-MEXICO AB In this issue of Palaeontologia Electronica Lucas, et al. (2009) question the validity of the Fassett (2009) paper that presented evidence for Paleocene dinosaurs in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado. Their challenges focus primarily on the lithostratigraphy, palynology, and paleomagnetism of the dinosaur-bearing Ojo Alamo Sandstone, shown by Fassett to be of Paleocene age. The lithostratigraphy of the Ojo Alamo is addressed by Lucas et al. (2009) based on detailed studies of outcrops of this formation in two relatively small areas in the southern San Juan Basin where Ojo Alamo dinosaur fossils have been found. When viewed over its 13,000 km(2) extent, the Ojo Alamo is seen to be a much more complex formation than these authors recognize, thus their perception and description of the lithostratigraphy of this rock unit is limited and provincial. Fassett (2009) presented a detailed discussion of the palynology of the rocks adjacent to the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) interface in the San Juan Basin, including a 67-page appendix and 25 tables listing the 244 palynomorph species identified from these strata. The Ojo Alamo Sandstone produced 103 palynomorphs from five principal localities including one especially prolific sample set from drill core through K-T strata. Without exception, all samples collected from the Ojo Alamo Sandstone for palynologic analysis were found to contain Paleocene palynomorph assemblages. Lucas et al. challenge only one Ojo Alamo palynomorph assemblage from one of the five areas studied, stating that they were unable to find palynomorph-productive samples at that locality. They submit no new palynologic data that refutes the Paleocene palynologic age of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone. In addressing the paleomagnetism of the Ojo Alamo, these authors dismiss the presence of a critical normal-polarity magnetochron discovered in the lower part of the Ojo Alamo - magnetochron C29n.2n of Fassett (2009) with no evidence to justify this dismissal. This magnetochron has been identified at five localities in the basin, thus its existence seems unquestionable. At the Mesa Portales locality, this normal chron was found in Ojo Alamo strata containing Paleocene palynomorph assemblages verifying its identification as chron C29n. Other minor arguments of Lucas et al. (2009) are also addressed in this paper. In sum, Lucas et al. (2009) present no new data to contradict the data presented in Fassett (2009). C1 US Geol Survey, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Fassett, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 552 Los Nidos Dr, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. EM jimgeology@qwest.net NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COQUINA PRESS PI AMHERST PA C/O WHITEY HAGADORN, EXECUTIVE EDITOR, AMHERST COLLEGE, DEPT GEOLOGY, AMHERST, MA 01002 USA SN 1094-8074 J9 PALAEONTOL ELECTRON JI Palaeontol. electron. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 2 AR 9A PG 8 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 525QK UT WOS:000272231200007 ER PT J AU Fassett, JE AF Fassett, James E. TI NEW GEOCHRONOLOGIC AND STRATIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE CONFIRMS THE PALEOCENE AGE OF THE DINOSAUR-BEARING OJO ALAMO SANDSTONE AND ANIMAS FORMATION IN THE SAN JUAN BASIN, NEW MEXICO AND COLORADO SO PALAEONTOLOGIA ELECTRONICA LA English DT Review DE Paleocene dinosaurs; K-T interface; geochronology; palynology; paleomagnetism; vertebrate paleontology ID CRETACEOUS OLDMAN FORMATION; TERRESTRIAL DEPOSITS; TERTIARY BOUNDARY; ALBERTA; MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; MAMMALS; MARSUPIALIA; EUTHERIA; SIMPSON AB Dinosaur fossils are present in the Paleocene Ojo Alamo Sandstone and Animas Formation in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, and Colorado. Evidence for the Paleocene age of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone includes palynologic and paleomagnetic data. Palynologic data indicate that the entire Ojo Alamo Sandstone, including the lower dinosaur-bearing part, is Paleocene in age. All of the palynomorph-productive rock samples collected from the Ojo Alamo Sandstone at multiple localities lacked Cretaceous index palynomorphs (except for rare, reworked specimens) and produced Paleocene index palynomorphs. Paleocene palynomorphs have been identified stratigraphically below dinosaur fossils at two separate localities in the Ojo Alamo Sandstone in the central and southern parts of the basin. The Animas Formation in the Colorado part of the basin also contains dinosaur fossils, and its Paleocene age has been established based on fossil leaves and palynology. Magnetostratigraphy provides independent evidence for the Paleocene age of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone and its dinosaur-bearing beds. Normal-polarity magnetochron C29n (early Paleocene) has been identified in the Ojo Alamo Sandstone at six localities in the southern part of the San Juan Basin. An assemblage of 34 skeletal elements from a single hadrosaur, found in the Ojo Alamo Sandstone in the southern San Juan Basin, provided conclusive evidence that this assemblage could not have been reworked from underlying Cretaceous strata. In addition, geochemical studies of 15 vertebrate bones from the Paleocene Ojo Alamo Sandstone and 15 bone samples from the underlying Kirtland Formation of Late Cretaceous (Campanian) age show that each sample suite contained distinctly different abundances of uranium and rare-earth elements, indicating that the bones were mineralized in place soon after burial, and that none of the Paleocene dinosaur bones analyzed had been reworked. C1 US Geol Survey, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Fassett, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 552 Nidos Dr, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. EM jimgeology@qwest.net NR 114 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU COQUINA PRESS PI AMHERST PA C/O WHITEY HAGADORN, EXECUTIVE EDITOR, AMHERST COLLEGE, DEPT GEOLOGY, AMHERST, MA 01002 USA SN 1094-8074 J9 PALAEONTOL ELECTRON JI Palaeontol. electron. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 1 AR 3A PG 146 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 452TC UT WOS:000266563100004 ER PT S AU Dean, WE Wurtsbaugh, WA Lamarra, VA AF Dean, Walter E. Wurtsbaugh, Wayne A. Lamarra, Vincent A. BA Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS BF Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS TI Climatic and limnologic setting of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho SO PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF BEAR LAKE, UTAH AND IDAHO, AND ITS CATCHMENT SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CARBONATE; SCULPIN; SEDIMENTATION; ZOOPLANKTON; CHLOROPHYLL AB Bear Lake is a large alkaline lake on a high plateau on the Utah-Idaho border. The Bear River was partly diverted into the lake in the early twentieth century so that Bear Lake could serve as a reservoir to supply water for hydropower and irrigation downstream, which continues today. The northern Rocky Mountain region is within the belt of the strongest of the westerly winds that transport moisture during the winter and spring over coastal mountain ranges and into the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains. As a result of this dominant winter precipitation pattern, most of the water entering the lake is from snowmelt, but with net evaporation. The dominant solutes in the lake water are Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and HCO(3)(2-), derived from Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the Bear River Range west of the lake. The lake is saturated with calcite, aragonite, and dolomite at all depths, and produces vast amounts of carbonate minerals. The chemistry of the lake has changed considerably over the past 100 years as a result of the diversion of Bear River. The net effect of the diversion was to dilute the lake water, especially the Mg(2+) concentration. Bear Lake is oligotrophic and coprecipitation of phosphate with CaCO(3) helps to keep productivity low. However, algal growth is colimited by nitrogen availability. Phytoplankton densities are low, with a mean summer chlorophyll a concentration of 0.4 mg L(-1). Phytoplankton are dominated by diatoms, but they have not been studied extensively ( but see Moser and Kimball, this volume). Zooplankton densities usually are low (<10 L(-1)) and highly seasonal, dominated by calanoid copepods and cladocera. Benthic invertebrate densities are extremely low; chironomid larvae are dominant at depths <30 m, and are partially replaced with ostracodes and oligochaetes in deeper water. The ostracode species in water depths >10 m are all endemic. Bear Lake has 13 species of fish, four of which are endemic. C1 [Dean, Walter E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wurtsbaugh, Wayne A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Wurtsbaugh, Wayne A.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Lamarra, Vincent A.] Ecosyst Res Inst, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Dean, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 980 Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008 OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414 NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2450-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 450 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1130/2009.2450(01) PG 14 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX33 UT WOS:000271276500002 ER PT S AU Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS AF Rosenbaum, Joseph G. Kaufman, Darrell S. BA Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS BF Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS TI Introduction to Paleoenvironments of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, and its catchment SO PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF BEAR LAKE, UTAH AND IDAHO, AND ITS CATCHMENT SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Rosenbaum, Joseph G.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kaufman, Darrell S.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Rosenbaum, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2450-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 450 BP V EP XIII DI 10.1130/2009.2450(00) PG 9 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX33 UT WOS:000271276500001 ER PT S AU Reheis, MC Laabs, BJC Kaufman, DS AF Reheis, Marith C. Laabs, Benjamin J. C. Kaufman, Darrell S. BA Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS BF Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS TI Geology and geomorphology of Bear Lake Valley and upper Bear River, Utah and Idaho SO PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF BEAR LAKE, UTAH AND IDAHO, AND ITS CATCHMENT SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BONNEVILLE BASIN; UINTA MOUNTAINS; QUATERNARY; RANGE; USA; SEDIMENTATION; SEGMENTATION; EARTHQUAKE; CARBONATE; HISTORY AB Bear Lake, on the Idaho-Utah border, lies in a fault-bounded valley through which the Bear River flows en route to the Great Salt Lake. Surficial deposits in the Bear Lake drainage basin provide a geologic context for interpretation of cores from Bear Lake deposits. In addition to groundwater discharge, Bear Lake received water and sediment from its own small drainage basin and sometimes from the Bear River and its glaciated headwaters. The lake basin interacts with the river in complex ways that are modulated by climatically induced lake-level changes, by the distribution of active Quaternary faults, and by the migration of the river across its fluvial fan north of the present lake. The upper Bear River flows northward for similar to 150 km from its headwaters in the northwestern Uinta Mountains, generally following the strike of regional Laramide and late Cenozoic structures. These structures likely also control the flow paths of groundwater that feeds Bear Lake, and groundwater-fed streams are the largest source of water when the lake is isolated from the Bear River. The present configuration of the Bear River with respect to Bear Lake Valley may not have been established until the late Pliocene. The absence of Uinta Range-derived quartzites in fluvial gravel on the crest of the Bear Lake Plateau east of Bear Lake suggests that the present headwaters were not part of the drainage basin in the late Tertiary. Newly mapped glacial deposits in the Bear River Range west of Bear Lake indicate several advances of valley glaciers that were probably coeval with glaciations in the Uinta Mountains. Much of the meltwater from these glaciers may have reached Bear Lake via groundwater pathways through infiltration in the karst terrain of the Bear River Range. At times during the Pleistocene, the Bear River flowed into Bear Lake and water level rose to the valley threshold at Nounan narrows. This threshold has been modified by aggradation, downcutting, and tectonics. Maximum lake levels have decreased from as high as 1830 m to 1806 m above sea level since the early Pleistocene due to episodic downcutting by the Bear River. The oldest exposed lacustrine sediments in Bear Lake Valley are probably of Pliocene age. Several high-lake phases during the early and middle Pleistocene were separated by episodes of fluvial incision. Threshold incision was not constant, however, because lake highstands of as much as 8 m above bedrock threshold level resulted from aggradation and possibly landsliding at least twice during the late-middle and late Pleistocene. Abandoned stream channels within the low-lying, fault-bounded region between Bear Lake and the modern Bear River show that Bear River progressively shifted northward during the Holocene. Several factors including faulting, location of the fluvial fan, and channel migration across the fluvial fan probably interacted to produce these changes in channel position. Late Quaternary slip rates on the east Bear Lake fault zone are estimated by using the water-level history of Bear Lake, assuming little or no displacement on dated deposits on the west side of the valley. Uplifted lacustrine deposits representing Pliocene to middle Pleistocene highstands of Bear Lake on the footwall block of the east Bear Lake fault zone provide dramatic evidence of long-term slip. Slip rates during the late Pleistocene increased from north to south along the east Bear Lake fault zone, consistent with the tectonic geomorphology. In addition, slip rates on the southern section of the fault zone have apparently decreased over the past 50 k.y. C1 [Reheis, Marith C.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Laabs, Benjamin J. C.] SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Geol Sci, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. [Kaufman, Darrell S.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Reheis, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 980 Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008; OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414; Laabs, Benjamin/0000-0001-8825-2672 NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2450-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 450 BP 15 EP 48 DI 10.1130/2009.2450(02) PG 34 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX33 UT WOS:000271276500003 ER PT S AU Smoot, JP AF Smoot, Joseph P. BA Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS BF Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS TI Late Quaternary sedimentary features of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho SO PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF BEAR LAKE, UTAH AND IDAHO, AND ITS CATCHMENT SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HOLOCENE; PATTERNS AB Bear Lake sediments were predominantly aragonite for most of the Holocene, reflecting a hydrologically closed lake fed by groundwater and small streams. During the late Pleistocene, the Bear River flowed into Bear Lake and the lake waters spilled back into the Bear River drainage. At that time, sediment deposition was dominated by siliciclastic sediment and calcite. Lake-level fluctuation during the Holocene and late Pleistocene produced three types of aragonite deposits in the central lake area that are differentiated primarily by grain size, sorting, and diatom assemblage. Lake-margin deposits during this period consisted of sandy deposits including well-developed shoreface deposits on margins adjacent to relatively steep gradient lake floors and thin, graded shell gravel on margins adjacent to very low gradient lake-floor areas. Throughout the period of aragonite deposition, episodic drops in lake level resulted in erosion of shallow-water deposits, which were redeposited into the deeper lake. These sediment-focusing episodes are recognized by mixing of different mineralogies and crystal habits and mixing of a range of diatom fauna into poorly sorted mud layers. Lake-level drops are also indicated by erosional gaps in the shallow-water records and the occurrence of shoreline deposits in areas now covered by as much as 30 m of water. Calcite precipitation occurred for a short interval of time during the Holocene in response to an influx of Bear River water ca. 8 ka. The Pleistocene sedimentary record of Bear Lake until ca. 18 ka is dominated by siliciclastic glacial flour derived from glaciers in the Uinta Mountains. The Bear Lake deep-water siliciclastic deposits are thoroughly bioturbated, whereas shallow-water deposits transitional to deltas in the northern part of the basin are upward-coarsening sequences of laminated mud, silt, and sand. A major drop in lake level occurred ca. 18 ka, resulting in subaerial exposure of the lake floor in areas now covered by over 40 m of water. The subaerial surfaces are indicated by root casts and gypsum-rich soil features. Bear Lake remained at this low state with a minor transgression until ca. 15 ka. A new influx of Bear River water produced a major lake transgression and deposited a thin calcite deposit. Bear Lake quickly dropped to a shallow-water state, accumulating a mixture of calcite and siliciclastic sediment that contains at least two intervals of root-disrupted horizons indicating lake-level drops to more than 40 m below the modern highstand. About 11,500 yr B. P., the lake level rose again through an influx of Bear River water producing another thin calcite layer. The Bear River ceased to flow into the basin and the lake salinity increased, resulting in the aragonite deposition that persisted until modern human activity. The climatic record of Bear Lake sediment is difficult to ascertain by using standard chemical and biological techniques because of variations in the inflow hydrology and the significant amount of erosion and redeposition of chemical and biological sediment components. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Smoot, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2450-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 450 BP 49 EP 104 DI 10.1130/2009.2450(03) PG 56 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX33 UT WOS:000271276500004 ER PT S AU Colman, SM Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS Dean, WE McGeehin, JP AF Colman, Steven M. Rosenbaum, Joseph G. Kaufman, Darrell S. Dean, Walter E. McGeehin, John P. BA Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS BF Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS TI Radiocarbon ages and age models for the past 30,000 years in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho SO PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF BEAR LAKE, UTAH AND IDAHO, AND ITS CATCHMENT SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SAMPLES; SEDIMENTATION; CALIBRATION; USA AB Radiocarbon analyses of pollen, ostracodes, and total organic carbon (TOC) provide a reliable chronology for the sediments deposited in Bear Lake over the past 30,000 years. The differences in apparent age between TOC, pollen, and carbonate fractions are consistent and in accord with the origins of these fractions. Comparisons among different fractions indicate that pollen sample ages are the most reliable, at least for the past 15,000 years. The post-glacial radiocarbon data also agree with ages independently estimated from aspartic acid racemization in ostracodes. Ages in the red, siliclastic unit, inferred to be of last glacial age, appear to be several thousand years too old, probably because of a high proportion of reworked, refractory organic carbon in the pollen samples. Age-depth models for five piston cores and the Bear Lake drill core (BL00-1) were constructed by using two methods: quadratic equations and smooth cubic-spline fits. The two types of age models differ only in detail for individual cores, and each approach has its own advantages. Specific lithological horizons were dated in several cores and correlated among them, producing robust average ages for these horizons. The age of the correlated horizons in the red, siliclastic unit can be estimated from the age model for BL00-1, which is controlled by ages above and below the red, siliclastic unit. These ages were then transferred to the correlative horizons in the shorter piston cores, providing control for the sections of the age models in those cores in the red, siliclastic unit. These age models are the backbone for reconstructions of past environmental conditions in Bear Lake. In general, sedimentation rates in Bear Lake have been quite uniform, mostly between 0.3 and 0.8 mm yr(-1) in the Holocene, and close to 0.5 mm yr(-1) for the longer sedimentary record in the drill core from the deepest part of the lake. C1 [Colman, Steven M.] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Colman, Steven M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol Sci, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Rosenbaum, Joseph G.; Dean, Walter E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kaufman, Darrell S.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Colman, SM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RI Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008; OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414; Colman, Steve/0000-0002-0564-9576 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2450-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 450 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1130/2009.2450(05) PG 12 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX33 UT WOS:000271276500006 ER PT S AU Rosenbaum, JG Dean, WE Reynolds, RL Reheis, MC AF Rosenbaum, Joseph G. Dean, Walter E. Reynolds, Richard L. Reheis, Marith C. BA Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS BF Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS TI Allogenic sedimentary components of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho SO PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF BEAR LAKE, UTAH AND IDAHO, AND ITS CATCHMENT SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LATE PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION; SOUTHERN CASCADE RANGE; UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; RECORD; DEGLACIATION; CALIFORNIA; NEVADA; OREGON; BASIN; DUST AB Bear Lake is a long-lived lake filling a tectonic depression between the Bear River Range to the west and the Bear River Plateau to the east, and straddling the border between Utah and Idaho. Mineralogy, elemental geochemistry, and magnetic properties provide information about variations in provenance of allogenic lithic material in last-glacial-age, quartz-rich sediment in Bear Lake. Grain-size data from the silici-clastic fraction of late-glacial to Holocene carbonate-rich sediments provide information about variations in lake level. For the quartz-rich lower unit, which was deposited while the Bear River flowed into and out of the lake, four source areas are recognized on the basis of modern fluvial samples with contrasting properties that reflect differences in bedrock geology and in magnetite content from dust. One of these areas is underlain by hematite-rich Uinta Mountain Group rocks in the headwaters of the Bear River. Although Uinta Mountain Group rocks make up a small fraction of the catchment, hematite-rich material from this area is an important component of the lower unit. This material is interpreted to be glacial flour. Variations in the input of glacial flour are interpreted as having caused quasi-cyclical variations in mineralogical and elemental concentrations, and in magnetic properties within the lower unit. The carbonate-rich younger unit was deposited under conditions similar to those of the modern lake, with the Bear River largely bypassing the lake. For two cores taken in more than 30 m of water, median grain sizes in this unit range from similar to 6 mu m to more than 30 mu m, with the coarsest grain sizes associated with beach or shallow-water deposits. Similar grain-size variations are observed as a function of water depth in the modern lake and provide the basis for interpreting the core grain-size data in terms of lake level. C1 [Rosenbaum, Joseph G.; Dean, Walter E.; Reynolds, Richard L.; Reheis, Marith C.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rosenbaum, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2450-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 450 BP 145 EP 168 DI 10.1130/2009.2450(06) PG 24 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX33 UT WOS:000271276500007 ER PT S AU Dean, WE AF Dean, Walter E. BA Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS BF Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS TI Endogenic carbonate sedimentation in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, over the last two glacial-interglacial cycles SO PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF BEAR LAKE, UTAH AND IDAHO, AND ITS CATCHMENT SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT; LACUSTRINE CARBONATES; GREAT-PLAINS; BASIN; BONNEVILLE; USA; HOLOCENE; CALCITE; RECORD; RECONSTRUCTION AB Sediments deposited over the past 220,000 years in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, are predominantly calcareous silty clay, with calcite as the dominant carbonate mineral. The abundance of siliciclastic sediment indicates that the Bear River usually was connected to Bear Lake. However, three marl intervals containing more than 50% CaCO(3) were deposited during the Holocene and the last two interglacial intervals, equivalent to marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 5 and 7, indicating times when the Bear River was not connected to the lake. Aragonite is the dominant mineral in two of these three high-carbonate intervals. The high-carbonate, aragonitic intervals coincide with warm interglacial continental climates and warm Pacific sea-surface temperatures. Aragonite also is the dominant mineral in a carbonate-cemented microbialite mound that formed in the southwestern part of the lake over the last several thousand years. The history of carbonate sedimentation in Bear Lake is documented through the study of isotopic ratios of oxygen, carbon, and strontium, organic carbon content, CaCO(3) content, X-ray diffraction mineralogy, and HCl-leach chemistry on samples from sediment traps, gravity cores, piston cores, drill cores, and microbialites. Sediment-trap studies show that the carbonate mineral that precipitates in the surface waters of the lake today is high-Mg calcite. The lake began to precipitate high-Mg calcite sometime in the mid-twentieth century after the artificial diversion of Bear River into Bear Lake that began in 1911. This diversion drastically reduced the salinity and Mg(2+):Ca(2+) of the lake water and changed the primary carbonate precipitate from aragonite to high-Mg calcite. However, sediment-trap and core studies show that aragonite is the dominant mineral accumulating on the lake floor today, even though it is not precipitating in surface waters. The isotopic studies show that this aragonite is derived from reworking and redistribution of shallow-water sediment that is at least 50 yr old, and probably older. Apparently, the microbialite mound also stopped forming aragonite cement sometime after Bear River diversion. Because of reworking of old aragonite, the bulk mineralogy of carbonate in bottom sediments has not changed very much since the diversion. However, the diversion is marked by very distinct changes in the chemical and isotopic composition of the bulk carbonate. After the last glacial interval (LGI), a large amount of endogenic carbonate began to precipitate in Bear Lake when the Pacific moisture that filled the large pluvial lakes of the Great Basin during the LGI diminished, and Bear River apparently abandoned Bear Lake. At first, the carbonate that formed was low-Mg calcite, but similar to 11,000 years ago, salinity and Mg(2+):Ca(2+) thresholds must have been crossed because the amount of aragonite gradually increased. Aragonite is the dominant carbonate mineral that has accumulated in the lake for the past 7000 years, with the addition of high-Mg calcite after the diversion of Bear River into the lake at the beginning of the twentieth century. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Dean, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 980 Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 91 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2450-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 450 BP 169 EP 196 DI 10.1130/2009.2450(07) PG 28 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX33 UT WOS:000271276500008 ER PT S AU Rosenbaum, JG Heil, CW AF Rosenbaum, Joseph G. Heil, Clifford W., Jr. BA Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS BF Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS TI The glacial/deglacial history of sedimentation in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho SO PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF BEAR LAKE, UTAH AND IDAHO, AND ITS CATCHMENT SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LATE PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION; SOUTHERN CASCADE RANGE; UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; YOUNGER DRYAS; BONNEVILLE BASIN; GREAT-BASIN; USA; RECORD; CHRONOLOGY AB Bear Lake, in northeastern Utah and southern Idaho, lies in a large valley formed by an active half-graben. Bear River, the largest river in the Great Basin, enters Bear Lake Valley similar to 15 km north of the lake. Two 4-m-long cores provide a lake sediment record extending back similar to 26 cal k.y. The penetrated section can be divided into a lower unit composed of quartz-rich clastic sediments and an upper unit composed largely of endogenic carbonate. Data from modern fluvial sediments provide the basis for interpreting changes in provenance of detrital material in the lake cores. Sediments from small streams draining elevated topography on the east and west sides of the lake are characterized by abundant dolomite, high magnetic susceptibility ( MS) related to eolian magnetite, and low values of hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM, indicative of hematite content). In contrast, sediments from the headwaters of the Bear River in the Uinta Mountains lack carbonate and have high HIRM and low MS. Sediments from lower reaches of the Bear River contain calcite but little dolomite and have low values of MS and HIRM. These contrasts in catchment properties allow interpretation of the following sequence from variations in properties of the lake sediment: (1) ca. 26 cal ka-onset of glaciation; (2) ca. 26-20 cal ka-quasi-cyclical, millennial-scale variations in the concentrations of hematite-rich glacial flour derived from the Uinta Mountains, and dolomite-and magnetite-rich material derived from the local Bear Lake catchment (reflecting variations in glacial extent); (3) ca. 20-19 cal ka-maximum content of glacial flour; (4) ca. 19-17 cal ka-constant content of Bear River sediment but declining content of glacial flour from the Uinta Mountains; (5) ca. 17-15.5 cal ka-decline in Bear River sediment and increase in content of sediment from the local catchment; and (6) ca. 15.5-14.5 cal ka-increase in content of endogenic calcite at the expense of detrital material. The onset of glaciation indicated in the Bear Lake record postdates the initial rise of Lake Bonneville and roughly corresponds to the Stansbury shoreline. The lake record indicates that maximum glaciation occurred as Lake Bonneville reached its maximum extent ca. 20 cal ka and that deglaciation was under way while Lake Bonneville remained at its peak. The transition from siliciclastic to carbonate sedimentation probably indicates increasingly evaporative conditions and may coincide with the climatically driven fall of Lake Bonneville from the Provo shoreline. Although lake levels fluctuated during the Younger Dryas, the Bear Lake record for this period is more consistent with drier conditions, rather than cooler, moister conditions interpreted from many studies from western North America. C1 [Rosenbaum, Joseph G.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Heil, Clifford W., Jr.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Rosenbaum, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2450-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 450 BP 247 EP 261 DI 10.1130/2009.2450(11) PG 15 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX33 UT WOS:000271276500012 ER PT S AU Smoot, JP Rosenbaum, JG AF Smoot, Joseph P. Rosenbaum, Joseph G. BA Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS BF Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS TI Sedimentary constraints on late Quaternary lake-level fluctuations at Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho SO PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF BEAR LAKE, UTAH AND IDAHO, AND ITS CATCHMENT SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; USA; MORPHOMETRY; BONNEVILLE; DEPOSITION; SHORELINE; THRESHOLD; HOLOCENE; NEVADA; VALLEY AB A variety of sedimentological evidence was used to construct the lake-level history for Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, for the past similar to 25,000 years. Shorelines provide evidence of precise lake levels, but they are infrequently preserved and are poorly dated. For cored sediment similar to that in the modern lake, grain-size distributions provide estimates of past lake depths. Sedimentary textures provide a highly sensitive, continuous record of lake-level changes, but the modern distribution of fabrics is poorly constrained, and many ancient features have no modern analog. Combining the three types of data yields a more robust lake-level history than can be obtained from any one type alone. When smooth age-depth models are used, lake-level curves from multiple cores contain inconsistent intervals (i.e., one record indicates a rising lake level while another record indicates a falling lake level). These discrepancies were removed and the multiple records were combined into a single lake-level curve by developing age-depth relations that contain changes in deposition rate ( i. e., gaps) where indicated by sedimentological evidence. The resultant curve shows that, prior to 18 ka, lake level was stable near the modern level, probably because the lake was overflowing. Between ca. 17.5 and 15.5 ka, lake level was similar to 40 m below the modern level, then fluctuated rapidly throughout the post-glacial interval. Following a brief rise centered ca. 15 ka (= Raspberry Square phase), lake level lowered again to 15-20 m below modern from ca. 14.8-11.8 ka. This regression culminated in a lowstand to 40 m below modern ca. 12.5 ka, before a rapid rise to levels above modern ca. 11.5 ka. Lake level was typically lower than present throughout the Holocene, with pronounced lowstands 15-20 m below the modern level ca. 10-9, 7.0, 6.5-4.5, 3.5, 3.0-2.5, 2.0, and 1.5 ka. High lake levels near or above the modern lake occurred ca. 8.5-8.0, 7.0-6.5, 4.5-3.5, 2.5, and 0.7 ka. This lake-level history is more similar to records from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, and Owens Lake, California, than to those from Lake Bonneville, Utah. C1 [Smoot, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Rosenbaum, Joseph G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Smoot, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 926A, Reston, VA USA. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2450-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 450 BP 263 EP 290 DI 10.1130/2009.2450(12) PG 28 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX33 UT WOS:000271276500013 ER PT S AU Heil, CW King, JW Rosenbaum, JG Reynolds, RL Colman, SM AF Heil, Clifford W., Jr. King, John W. Rosenbaum, Joseph G. Reynolds, Richard L. Colman, Steven M. BA Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS BF Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS TI Paleomagnetism and environmental magnetism of GLAD800 sediment cores from Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho SO PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF BEAR LAKE, UTAH AND IDAHO, AND ITS CATCHMENT SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTER-HEMISPHERIC CORRELATION; SYNCHRONOUS CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GEOMAGNETIC PALEOINTENSITY; GREAT-BASIN; MONO LAKE; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; SECULAR VARIATION; HEINRICH EVENTS; GREIGITE FE3S4 AB A similar to 220,000-year record recovered in a 120-m-long sediment core from Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, provides an opportunity to reconstruct climate change in the Great Basin and compare it with global climate records. Paleomagnetic data exhibit a geomagnetic feature that possibly occurred during the Laschamp excursion (ca. 40 ka). Although the feature does not exhibit excursional behavior (= 40 departure from the expected value), it might provide an additional age constraint for the sequence. Temporal changes in salinity, which are likely related to changes in freshwater input (mainly through the Bear River) or evaporation, are indicated by variations in mineral magnetic properties. These changes are represented by intervals with preserved detrital Fe-oxide minerals and with varying degrees of diagenetic alteration, including sulfidization. On the basis of these changes, the Bear Lake sequence is divided into seven mineral magnetic zones. The differing magnetic mineralogies among these zones reflect changes in deposition, preservation, and formation of magnetic phases related to factors such as lake level, river input, and water chemistry. The occurrence of greigite and pyrite in the lake sediments corresponds to periods of higher salinity. Pyrite is most abundant in intervals of highest salinity, suggesting that the extent of sulfidization is limited by the availability of SO42-. During MIS 2 (zone II), Bear Lake transgressed to capture the Bear River, resulting in deposition of glacially derived hematite-rich detritus from the Uinta Mountains. Millennial- scale variations in the hematite content of Bear Lake sediments during the last glacial maximum (zone II) resemble Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) oscillations and Heinrich events (within dating uncertainties), suggesting that the influence of millennial-scale climate oscillations can extend beyond the North Atlantic and influence climate of the Great Basin. The magnetic mineralogy of zones IV-VII (MIS 5, 6, and 7) indicates varying degrees of post-depositional alteration between cold and warm substages, with greigite forming in fresher conditions and pyrite in the more saline conditions. C1 [Heil, Clifford W., Jr.; King, John W.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Rosenbaum, Joseph G.; Reynolds, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Colman, Steven M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol Sci, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Colman, Steven M.] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Heil, CW (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. OI Colman, Steve/0000-0002-0564-9576 NR 76 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2450-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 450 BP 291 EP 310 DI 10.1130/2009.2450(13) PG 20 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX33 UT WOS:000271276500014 ER PT S AU Kaufman, DS Bright, J Dean, WE Rosenbaum, JG Moser, K Anderson, RS Colman, SM Heil, CW Jimenez-Moreno, G Reheis, MC Simmons, KR AF Kaufman, Darrell S. Bright, Jordon Dean, Walter E. Rosenbaum, Joseph G. Moser, Katrina Anderson, R. Scott Colman, Steven M. Heil, Clifford W., Jr. Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo Reheis, Marith C. Simmons, Kathleen R. BA Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS BF Rosenbaum, JG Kaufman, DS TI A quarter-million years of paleoenvironmental change at Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho SO PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF BEAR LAKE, UTAH AND IDAHO, AND ITS CATCHMENT SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BONNEVILLE BASIN; GREAT-BASIN; LATE PLEISTOCENE; GLACIAL MAXIMUM; CARBON ISOTOPES; CLIMATE; RECORD; OXYGEN; USA; REINTERPRETATION AB A continuous, 120-m-long core (BL00-1) from Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, contains evidence of hydrologic and environmental change over the last two glacial-interglacial cycles. The core was taken at 41.95 degrees N, 111.31 degrees W, near the depocenter of the 60-m-deep, spring-fed, alkaline lake, where carbonate-bearing sediment has accumulated continuously. Chronological control is poor but indicates an average sedimentation rate of 0.54 mm yr(-1). Analyses have been completed at multi-centennial to millennial scales, including (in order of decreasing temporal resolution) sediment magnetic properties, oxygen and carbon isotopes on bulk-sediment carbonate, organic-and inorganic-carbon contents, palynology; mineralogy (X-ray diffraction), strontium isotopes on bulk carbonate, ostracode taxonomy, oxygen and carbon isotopes on ostracodes, and diatom assemblages. Massive silty clay and marl constitute most of the core, with variable carbonate content ( average = 31 +/- 19%) and oxygen-isotopic values (delta(18)O ranging from -18 parts per thousand to -5 parts per thousand in bulk carbonate). These variations, as well as fluctuations of biological indicators, reflect changes in the water and sediment discharged from the glaciated headwaters of the dominant tributary, Bear River, and the processes that influenced sediment delivery to the core site, including lake-level changes. Although its influence has varied, Bear River has remained a tributary to Bear Lake during most of the last quarter-million years. The lake disconnected from the river and, except for a few brief excursions, retracted into a topographically closed basin during global interglaciations (during parts of marine isotope stages 7, 5, and 1). These intervals contain up to 80% endogenic aragonite with high delta(18)O values (average = -5.8 +/- 1.7 parts per thousand), indicative of strongly evaporitic conditions. Interglacial intervals also are dominated by small, benthic/tychoplanktic fragilarioid species indicative of reduced habitat availability associated with low lake levels, and they contain increased high-desert shrub and Juniperus pollen and decreased forest and forest-woodland pollen. The (87)Sr/(86)Sr values (>0.7100) also increase, and the ratio of quartz to dolomite decreases, as expected in the absence of Bear River inflow. The changing paleoenvironments inferred from BL00-1 generally are consistent with other regional and global records of glacial-interglacial fluctuations; the diversity of paleoenvironmental conditions inferred from BL00-1 also reflects the influence of catchment-scale processes. C1 [Kaufman, Darrell S.; Bright, Jordon] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Dean, Walter E.; Rosenbaum, Joseph G.; Reheis, Marith C.; Simmons, Kathleen R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Moser, Katrina] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Geog, London, ON N5Y 2S9, Canada. [Anderson, R. Scott; Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Colman, Steven M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol Sci, Duluth, MN USA. [Colman, Steven M.] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN USA. [Heil, Clifford W., Jr.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Kaufman, DS (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Box 4099, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RI Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008; OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414; Jimenez Moreno, Gonzalo/0000-0001-7185-8686; Colman, Steve/0000-0002-0564-9576 NR 59 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2450-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 450 BP 311 EP 351 DI 10.1130/2009.2450(14) PG 41 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLX33 UT WOS:000271276500015 ER PT S AU McCalpin, JP Nelson, AR AF McCalpin, James P. Nelson, Alan R. BE McCalpin, JP TI Introduction to Paleoseismology SO PALEOSEISMOLOGY, 2ND EDITION SE International Geophysics Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [McCalpin, James P.] GEO HAZ Consulting Inc, Crestone, CO 81131 USA. US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80402 USA. RP McCalpin, JP (reprint author), GEO HAZ Consulting Inc, Crestone, CO 81131 USA. EM mccalpin@geohaz.com NR 0 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0074-6142 BN 978-0-08-091998-0; 978-0-12-373576-8 J9 INT GEOPHYS SER PY 2009 VL 95 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1016/S0074-6142(09)95001-X PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BA4RO UT WOS:000336182000002 ER PT S AU Obermeier, SF AF Obermeier, Stephen F. BE McCalpin, JP TI Using Liquefaction-Induced and Other Soft-Sediment Features for Paleoseismic Analysis SO PALEOSEISMOLOGY, 2ND EDITION SE International Geophysics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 EqLiq Consulting, US Geol Survey, Rockport, IN 47635 USA. RP Obermeier, SF (reprint author), EqLiq Consulting, US Geol Survey, Rockport, IN 47635 USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0074-6142 BN 978-0-08-091998-0; 978-0-12-373576-8 J9 INT GEOPHYS SER PY 2009 VL 95 BP 497 EP 564 DI 10.1016/S0074-6142(09)95007-0 PG 68 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BA4RO UT WOS:000336182000009 ER PT S AU Jibson, RW AF Jibson, Randall W. BE McCalpin, JP TI Using Landslides for Paleoseismic Analysis SO PALEOSEISMOLOGY, 2ND EDITION SE International Geophysics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jibson, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0074-6142 BN 978-0-08-091998-0; 978-0-12-373576-8 J9 INT GEOPHYS SER PY 2009 VL 95 BP 565 EP 601 DI 10.1016/S0074-6142(09)95008-2 PG 37 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BA4RO UT WOS:000336182000010 ER PT S AU Peterson, N Anusuya-Rangappa, L Shirazi, BA Song, WZ Huang, RJ Tran, D Chien, S LaHusen, R AF Peterson, Nina Anusuya-Rangappa, Lohith Shirazi, Behrooz A. Song, WenZhan Huang, Renjie Tran, Daniel Chien, Steve LaHusen, Rick BE Hassanien, AE Abawajy, JH Abraham, A Hagras, H TI Volcano Monitoring: A Case Study in Pervasive Computing SO PERVASIVE COMPUTING: INNOVATIONS IN INTELLIGENT MULTIMEDIA AND APPLICATIONS SE Computer Communications and Networks Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Wireless sensor networks; Pervasive computing; Environment monitoring; Quality of service; Situation awareness AB Recent advances in wireless sensor network technology have provided robust and reliable solutions for sophisticated pervasive computing applications such as inhospitable terrain environmental monitoring. We present a case study for developing a real-time pervasive computing system, called OASIS for optimized autonomous space in situ sensor-web, which combines ground assets (a sensor network) and space assets (NASA's earth observing (EO-1) satellite) to monitor volcanic activities at Mount St. Helens. OASIS's primary goals are: to integrate complementary space and in situ ground sensors into an interactive and autonomous sensorweb, to optimize power and communication resource management of the sensorweb and to provide mechanisms for seamless and scalable fusion of future space and in situ components. The OASIS in situ ground sensor network development addresses issues related to power management, bandwidth management, quality of service management, topology and routing management, and test-bed design. The space segment development consists of EO-1 architectural enhancements, feedback of EO-1 data into the in situ component, command and control integration, data ingestion and dissemination and field demonstrations. C1 [Peterson, Nina; Anusuya-Rangappa, Lohith; Shirazi, Behrooz A.; Huang, Renjie] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [LaHusen, Rick] USGS Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98660 USA. [Tran, Daniel; Chien, Steve] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Song, WenZhan] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. RP Peterson, N (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EM npicone@eecs.wsu.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7975 BN 978-1-84882-598-7 J9 COMPUT COMMUN NETW S PY 2009 BP 201 EP 230 DI 10.1007/978-1-84882-599-4_10 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BLT76 UT WOS:000270992400010 ER PT B AU DeStefano, S AF DeStefano, Stephen BE Esparza, AX McPherson, G TI Wildlife Corridors and Developed Landscapes SO PLANNER'S GUIDE TO NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION: THE SCIENCE OF LAND DEVELOPMENT BEYOND THE METROPOLITAN FRINGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOVEMENT CORRIDORS; DESIGN AB An obvious consequence of exurban land development is fragmentation of natural areas. Fragmentation leaves patches of habitat of various sizes, which can become increasingly isolated as development continues. A compelling approach to mitigation is the creation of corridors. Corridors in their simplest form are strips of habitat that connect patches and allow for wildlife movements. Intuitively, corridors make sense and land planners and managers often find them useful in land conservation. However, do wildlife corridors perform as expected? Do they work for all species? And how should they be configured (e.g., width, length, placement)? This chapter addresses these and other questions related to wildlife corridors and exurban land development. C1 [DeStefano, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [DeStefano, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, USGS Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res U, Holdsworth NRC, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP DeStefano, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, USGS Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res U, Holdsworth NRC, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM sdestef@nrc.umass.edu NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-98166-6 PY 2009 BP 85 EP 102 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-98167-3_5 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-98167-3 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BKL82 UT WOS:000268457500006 ER PT J AU Wetzel, PR van der Valk, AG Newman, S Coronado, CA Troxler-Gann, TG Childers, DL Orem, WH Sklar, FH AF Wetzel, Paul R. van der Valk, Arnold G. Newman, Susan Coronado, Carlos A. Troxler-Gann, Tiffany G. Childers, Daniel L. Orem, William H. Sklar, Fred H. TI Heterogeneity of phosphorus distribution in a patterned landscape, the Florida Everglades SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Meta-ecosystem; Nutrient redistribution; Restoration; Tree islands ID ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; ISLANDS; HYDROLOGY; CONTINUUM; DYNAMICS; BOTSWANA; ECOLOGY; SPOTS; SOIL AB The biologically mediated transfer of nutrients from one part of a landscape to another may create nutrient gradients or subsidize the productivity at specific locations. If limited, this focused redistribution of the nutrient may create non-random landscape patterns that are unrelated to underlying environmental gradients. The Florida Everglades, USA, is a large freshwater wetland that is patterned with tree islands, elevated areas that support woody vegetation. A survey of 12 tree islands found total soil phosphorus levels 3-114 times greater on the island head than the surrounding marsh, indicating that the Florida Everglades is not a homogeneous oligotrophic system. It was estimated that historically 67% of the phosphorus entering the central Everglades was sequestered on tree islands, which are similar to 3.8% of the total land area. This internal redistribution of phosphorus onto tree islands due to the establishment of trees may be one reason that marshes have remained oligotrophic and may explain the spatial differentiation of the patterned Everglades landscape. C1 [Wetzel, Paul R.] Smith Coll, Clark Sci Ctr, Dept Biol Sci, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [van der Valk, Arnold G.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Newman, Susan; Coronado, Carlos A.; Sklar, Fred H.] S Florida Water Management Dist, Everglades Div, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. [Troxler-Gann, Tiffany G.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Childers, Daniel L.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Orem, William H.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wetzel, PR (reprint author), Smith Coll, Clark Sci Ctr, Dept Biol Sci, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. EM pwetzel@email.smith.edu NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 200 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s11258-008-9449-3 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 379QV UT WOS:000261412200006 ER PT J AU Van Riper, LC Larson, DL AF Van Riper, Laura C. Larson, Diane L. TI Role of invasive Melilotus officinalis in two native plant communities SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Badlands sparse vegetation; Exotic legumes; Invasive plants; Nitrogen fixer; South Dakota; Structural equation models; Mixed-grass prairie ID CYTISUS-SCOPARIUS; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; BOTANICAL COMPOSITION; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; MYRICA-FAYA; GRASSLAND AB This study examines the impact of the exotic nitrogen-fixing legume Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. on native and exotic species cover in two Great Plains ecosystems in Badlands National Park, South Dakota. Melilotus is still widely planted and its effects on native ecosystems are not well studied. Melilotus could have direct effects on native plants, such as through competition or facilitation. Alternatively, Melilotus may have indirect effects on natives, e. g., by favoring exotic species which in turn have a negative effect on native species. This study examined these interactions across a 4-year period in two contrasting vegetation types: Badlands sparse vegetation and western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) mixed-grass prairie. Structural equation models were used to analyze the pathways through which Melilotus, native species, and other exotic species interact over a series of 2-year time steps. Melilotus can affect native and exotic species both in the current year and in the years after its death (a lag effect). A lag effect is possible because the death of a Melilotus plant can leave an open, potentially nitrogen-enriched site on the landscape. The results showed that the relationship between Melilotus and native and exotic species varied depending on the habitat and the year. In Badlands sparse vegetation, there was a consistent, strong, and positive relationship between Melilotus cover and native and exotic species cover suggesting that Melilotus is acting as a nurse plant and facilitating the growth of other species. In contrast, in western wheatgrass prairie, Melilotus was acting as a weak competitor and had no consistent effect on other species. In both habitats, there was little evidence for a direct lag effect of Melilotus on other species. Together, these results suggest both facilitative and competitive roles for Melilotus, depending on the vegetation type it invades. C1 [Larson, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Van Riper, Laura C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Larson, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 100 Ecology Bldg,1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dlarson@usgs.gov OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 FU National Science Foundation; U. S. Geological Survey (USGS); USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; Badlands National Park FX Funding was provided by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, a grant from the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) Natural Resources Preservation Program, USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, and Badlands National Park. D. A. Buhl, J.B. Grace, L. D. Igl, A. Symstad, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on previous versions of this manuscript. At Badlands National Park, S. Dingman and B. Kenner provided logistical support. Several field crews contributed to data collection. J.B. Grace provided assistance in designing and interpreting the structural equation models. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 200 IS 1 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s11258-008-9438-6 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 379QV UT WOS:000261412200010 ER PT S AU Iverson, RM AF Iverson, Richard M. BE Nakagawa, M Luding, S TI Elements of an Improved Model of Debris-flow Motion SO POWDERS AND GRAINS 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on the Micromechanics of Granular Media CY JUL 13-17, 2009 CL Golden, CO SP Assoc Study Micromech Granular Media, Univ Twente, Colorado Sch Mines DE debris flow; landslide; granular; mixture; pore pressure; dilatancy; soil mechanics; mathematical model ID GRANULAR FLOWS; AVALANCHES; RUNOUT AB A new depth-averaged model of debris-flow motion describes simultaneous evolution of flow velocity and depth, solid and fluid volume fractions, and pore-fluid pressure. Non-hydrostatic pore-fluid pressure is produced by dilatancy, a state-dependent property that links the depth-averaged shear rate and volumetric strain rate of the granular phase. Pore-pressure changes caused by shearing allow the model to exhibit rate-dependent flow resistance, despite the fact that the basal shear traction involves only rate-independent Coulomb friction. An analytical solution of simplified model equations shows that the onset of downslope motion can be accelerated or retarded by pore-pressure change, contingent on whether dilatancy is positive or negative. A different analytical solution shows that such effects will likely be muted if downslope motion continues long enough, because dilatancy then evolves toward zero, and volume fractions and pore pressure concurrently evolve toward steady states. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0682-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1145 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BLN80 UT WOS:000270602900002 ER PT S AU Orlando, AD Hanes, DM Shen, HH AF Orlando, Andres D. Hanes, Daniel M. Shen, Hayley H. BE Nakagawa, M Luding, S TI Scaling Effects in Direct Shear Tests SO POWDERS AND GRAINS 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on the Micromechanics of Granular Media CY JUL 13-17, 2009 CL Golden, CO SP Assoc Study Micromech Granular Media, Univ Twente, Colorado Sch Mines DE Direct shear test; DEM; comparison AB Laboratory experiments of the direct shear test were performed on spherical particles of different materials and diameters. Results of the bulk friction vs. non-dimensional shear displacement are presented as a function of the non-dimensional particle diameter. Simulations of the direct shear test were performed using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The simulation results show Considerable differences with the physical experiments. Particle level material properties, such as the coefficients of static friction, restitution and rolling friction need to be known a priori in order to guarantee that the simulation results are an accurate representation of the physical phenomenon. Furthermore, laboratory results show a clear size dependency on the results, with smaller particles having a higher bulk friction than larger ones. C1 [Orlando, Andres D.; Shen, Hayley H.] Clarkson Univ, 8 Clarkson Ave,POB 5712, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Hanes, Daniel M.] USGS, Coastal & Marine Geology Program, Santa Cruz, CA 9506 USA. RP Orlando, AD (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, 8 Clarkson Ave,POB 5712, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0682-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1145 BP 413 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BLN80 UT WOS:000270602900092 ER PT S AU Chapman, MG AF Chapman, Mary G. BE Chapman, MG Keszthelyi, LP TI The surface of Mars: An unusual laboratory that preserves a record of catastrophic and unusual events SO PRESERVATION OF RANDOM MEGASCALE EVENTS ON MARS AND EARTH: INFLUENCE ON GEOLOGIC HISTORY SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; TOBA SUPER-ERUPTION; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; VALLES-MARINERIS; VOLCANIC WINTER; ANCIENT OCEANS; RADAR ICE; WATER; EARTH; DEPOSITS AB Catastrophic and unusual events on Earth such as bolide impacts, megafloods, supereruptions, flood volcanism, and subice volcanism may have devastating effects when they occur. Although these processes have unique characteristics and form distinctive features and deposits, we have difficulties identifying them and measuring the magnitude of their effects. Our difficulties with interpreting these processes and identifying their consequences are understandable considering their infrequency on Earth, combined with the low preservation potential of their deposits in the terrestrial rock record. Although we know these events do happen, they are infrequent enough that the deposits are poorly preserved on the geologically active face of the Earth, where erosion, volcanism, and tectonism constantly change the surface. Unlike the Earth, on Mars catastrophic and unusual features are well preserved because of the slow modification of the surface. Significant precipitation has not occurred on Mars for billions of years and there appears to be no discrete crustal plates to have undergone subduction and destruction. Therefore the ancient surface of Mars preserves geologic features and deposits that result from these extraordinary events. Also, unlike the other planets, Mars is the most similar to our own, having an atmosphere, surface ice, volcanism, and evidence of once-flowing water. So although our understanding of precursors, processes, and possible biological effects of catastrophic and unusual processes is limited on Earth, some of these mysteries may be better understood through investigating the surface of Mars. C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Chapman, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM mchapman@usgs.gov; mchapman@usgs.gov NR 102 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2453-9 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 453 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1130/2009.453(01) PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BLZ58 UT WOS:000271582800002 ER PT S AU Thordarson, T Rampino, M Keszthelyi, LP Self, S AF Thordarson, Thorvaldur Rampino, Michael Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. Self, Stephen BE Chapman, MG Keszthelyi, LP TI Effects of megascale eruptions on Earth and Mars SO PRESERVATION OF RANDOM MEGASCALE EVENTS ON MARS AND EARTH: INFLUENCE ON GEOLOGIC HISTORY SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DECCAN VOLCANIC PROVINCE; RIVER BASALT GROUP; LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCES; 1783-1784 LAKI ERUPTION; GREENLAND ICE CORE; GREAT DRY FOG; FLOOD-BASALT; EXPLOSIVE VOLCANISM; ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT; MASS EXTINCTIONS AB Volcanic features are common on geologically active earthlike planets. Megascale or "super" eruptions involving >1000 Gt of magma have occurred on both Earth and Mars in the geologically recent past, introducing prodigious volumes of ash and volcanic gases into the atmosphere. Here we discuss felsic (explosive) and mafic (flood lava) supereruptions and their potential atmospheric and environmental effects on both planets. On Earth, felsic supereruptions recur on average about every 100-200,000 years and our present knowledge of the 73.5 ka Toba eruption implies that such events can have the potential to be catastrophic to human civilization. A future eruption of this type may require an unprecedented response from humankind to assure the continuation of civilization as we know it. Mafic supereruptions have resulted in atmospheric injection of volcanic gases (especially SO2) and may have played a part in punctuating the history of life on Earth. The contrast between the more sustained effects of flood basalt eruptions (decades to centuries) and the near-instantaneous effects of large impacts (months to years) is worthy of more detailed study than has been completed to date. Products of mafic supereruptions, significantly larger than known from the geologic record on Earth, are well preserved on Mars. The volatile emissions from these eruptions most likely had global dispersal, but the effects may not have been outside what Mars endures even in the absence of volcanic eruptions. This is testament to the extreme variability of the current Martian atmosphere: situations that would be considered catastrophic on Earth are the norm on Mars. C1 [Thordarson, Thorvaldur] Univ Edinburgh, Grant Inst, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Rampino, Michael] NYU, Earth & Environm Sci Program, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Self, Stephen] Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Volcano Dynam Grp, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Thordarson, T (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Grant Inst, Sch Geosci, Kings Bldg,W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. EM thor.thordarson@ed.ac.uk; michael.rampino@nyu.edu; laz@usgs.gov; Stephen.Self@open.ac.uk NR 162 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2453-9 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 453 BP 37 EP 53 DI 10.1130/2009.453(04) PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BLZ58 UT WOS:000271582800005 ER PT S AU Kieffer, SW Barton, P Chesworth, W Palmer, AR Reitan, P Zen, EA AF Kieffer, Susan Werner Barton, Paul Chesworth, Ward Palmer, Allison R. Reitan, Paul Zen, E-an BE Chapman, MG Keszthelyi, LP TI Megascale processes: Natural disasters and human behavior SO PRESERVATION OF RANDOM MEGASCALE EVENTS ON MARS AND EARTH: INFLUENCE ON GEOLOGIC HISTORY SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; PUGET-SOUND; WASHINGTON; EARTHQUAKE; ERUPTION AB Megascale geologic processes, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, and meteoritic impacts have occurred intermittently throughout geologic time, and perhaps on several planets. Unlike other catastrophes discussed in this volume, a unique process is unfolding on Earth, one in which humans may be the driving agent of megadisasters. Although local effects on population clusters may have been catastrophic in the past, human societies have never been interconnected globally at the scale that currently exists. We review some megascale processes and their effects in the past, and compare present conditions and possible outcomes. We then propose that human behavior itself is having effects on the planet that are comparable to, or greater than, these natural disasters. Yet, unlike geologic processes, human behavior is potentially under our control. Because the effects of our behavior threaten the stability, or perhaps even existence, of a civilized society, we call for the creation of a body to institute coherent global, credible, scientifically based action that is sensitive to political, economic, religious, and cultural values. The goal would be to institute aggressive monitoring, identify and understand trends, predict their consequences, and suggest and evaluate alternative actions to attempt to rescue ourselves and our ecosystems from catastrophe. We provide a template modeled after several existing national and international bodies. C1 [Kieffer, Susan Werner] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Barton, Paul] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Chesworth, Ward] Univ Guelph, Land Resource Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Reitan, Paul] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Kieffer, SW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM skieffer@uiuc.edu NR 55 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2453-9 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2009 VL 453 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1130/2009.453(06) PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BLZ58 UT WOS:000271582800007 ER PT B AU Apotsos, A Jaffe, B Gelfenbaum, G Elias, E AF Apotsos, Alex Jaffe, Bruce Gelfenbaum, Guy Elias, Edwin BE Mizuguchi, M Sato, S TI MODELING TIME-VARYING TSUNAMI SEDIMENT DEPOSITION SO PROCEEDINGS OF COASTAL DYNAMICS 2009 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Kajima Sci Fdn C1 [Apotsos, Alex; Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Apotsos, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM aapotsos@usgs.gov; bjaffe@usgs.gov; ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov; eelias@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4282-46-8 PY 2009 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BMR22 UT WOS:000273387500037 ER PT B AU Gelfenbaum, G Stevens, A Elias, E Warrick, J AF Gelfenbaum, Guy Stevens, Andrew Elias, Edwin Warrick, Jonathan BE Mizuguchi, M Sato, S TI MODELING SEDIMENT SUPPLY AND DELTA MORPHOLOGY ON THE DAMMED ELWHA RIVER, WASHINGTON STATE, USA SO PROCEEDINGS OF COASTAL DYNAMICS 2009 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Kajima Sci Fdn C1 [Gelfenbaum, Guy; Stevens, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gelfenbaum, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov; astevens@usgs.gov; eelias@usgs.gov; jwarrick@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4282-46-8 PY 2009 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BMR22 UT WOS:000273387500108 ER PT J AU Droege, S Davis, CA Steiner, WE Mawdsley, J AF Droege, Sam Davis, Charles A. Steiner, Warren E., Jr. Mawdsley, Jonathan TI THE LOST MICRO-DESERTS OF THE PATUXENT RIVER: USING LANDSCAPE HISTORY, INSECT AND PLANT SPECIMENS, AND FIELD WORK TO DETECT AND DEFINE A UNIQUE COMMUNITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Apoidea; Tenebrionidae; Cicindelidae; tiger beetles; bees; sand specialists; floristics; Maryland; Anne Arundel County; inventory; sand barrens; Jug Bay; sand pits ID COLEOPTERA; CARABIDAE; MARYLAND; USA AB Historical and recent records of both plants and insects are synthesized for uplands along the eastern edge of Maryland's Patuxent River from the edge of the Piedmont south to Jug Bay. This strip is characterized by deep sandy soils found in the Evesboro and Galestown sandy loams soil series. Within this narrow strip there exists a unique flora and fauna adapted to open dry sandy soils and occurring in small remnant patches associated with old sand mining operations and scattered protected areas. We illustrate the uniqueness of these sites using four groups: vascular plants, tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), and bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Within each of these groups, rare species were detected whose populations were locally restricted to this soil type and whose nearest known populations were often hundreds of kilometers away. In addition to documenting the direct conservation importance of these small sandy openings along the Patuxent, we contrast the lack of any indication from vertebrate inventories that this region is unique. The combination of plant and insect inventories appears to be a better means of clarifying a site's importance than does any survey of a single taxonomic group. C1 [Droege, Sam] BARC EAST, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mawdsley, Jonathan] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Droege, S (reprint author), BARC EAST, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Bldg 308,Room 124,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sdroege@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 132 EP 144 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.132 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 403YM UT WOS:000263117900016 ER PT J AU Lord, AR Harrison, RW BouDagher-Fadel, M Stone, BD Varol, O AF Lord, Alan R. Harrison, Richard W. BouDagher-Fadel, Marcelle Stone, Byron D. Varol, Osman TI Miocene mass-transport sediments, Troodos Massif, Cyprus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Miocene; Pakhna Formation; Cyprus; Hemipelagic sediments; Mass-transport; Planktonic microfossils ID MESSINIAN SALINITY CRISIS; SOUTHERN CYPRUS; SOUTHWEST CYPRUS; MAMONIA COMPLEX; PISSOURI BASIN; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; TECTONICS; FRAMEWORK; UPLIFT AB Sediment mass-transport layers Of Submarine origin on the northern and southern flanks of the Troodos ophiolitic massif are dated biostratigraphically as early Miocene and late Miocene, respectively and therefore represent different seismogenic events in the uplift and erosional history of the Troodos terrane. Analysis of such events has potential for documenting Miocene seismic and uplift events regionally in the context of changing stress field directions and plate vectors through time. (C) 2009 The Geologists' Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lord, Alan R.] Senckenberg Forschungsinst, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Lord, Alan R.] Natl Museum, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Harrison, Richard W.; Stone, Byron D.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Climate Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [BouDagher-Fadel, Marcelle] UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Varol, Osman] Varol Res Ltd, Rhos On Sea LL28 4AE, Wales. RP Lord, AR (reprint author), Senckenberg Forschungsinst, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. EM alan.lord@senckenberg.de; rharriso@usgs.gov; m.fadel@ucl.ac.uk; bdstone@usgs.gov; osman@varol.com FU UNOPS FX This work arises from the United Nations 'Nicosia Seismic Hazards Project' and we are grateful to Ms Amelia Decoster (UNOPS) for her support and encouragement. We have benefited from discussions and field support from Mr. Ioannis Panayides and Mr. Efthimios Tsiolakis (Cyprus Geological Survey). The figures were kindly prepared by Dr. Angelika Wedel (Wiesbaden). We are grateful to Dr. Sang Hoon Lee (Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute) for discussion and to USGS colleagues for helpful comments on the manuscript. The authors are grateful to Professor Jim Rose and Dr. David J. Horne for their editorial Support. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0016-7878 J9 P GEOLOGIST ASSOC JI Proc. Geol. Assoc. PY 2009 VL 120 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.pgeola.2009.08.001 PG 6 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 525VH UT WOS:000272244200005 ER PT J AU Shennan, I Bruhn, R Plafker, G AF Shennan, Ian Bruhn, Ronald Plafker, George TI Multi-segment earthquakes and tsunami potential of the Aleutian megathrust SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID GREAT EARTHQUAKES; ALASKA; HOLOCENE; DEFORMATION; CALIBRATION; SUBDUCTION; RUPTURE; FAULT; ZONE AB Large to great earthquakes and related tsunamis generated on the Aleutian megathrust produce major hazards for both the area of rupture and heavily populated coastlines around much of the Pacific Ocean. Here we use paleoseismic records preserved in coastal sediments to investigate whether segment boundaries control the largest ruptures or whether in some seismic cycles segments combine to produce earthquakes greater than any observed since instrumented records began. Virtually the entire megathrust has ruptured since AD1900, with four different segments generating earthquakes >M8.0. The largest was the M9.2 great Alaska earthquake of March 1964 that ruptured similar to 800 km of the eastern segment of the megathrust. The tsunami generated caused fatalities in Alaska and along the coast as far south as California. East of the 1964 zone of deformation, the Yakutat microplate experienced two >M8.0 earthquakes, separated by a week, in September 1899. For the first time, we present evidence that earthquakes similar to 900 and similar to 1500 years ago simultaneously ruptured adjacent segments of the Aleutian megathrust and the Yakutat microplate, with a combined area similar to 15% greater than 1964, giving an earthquake of greater magnitude and increased tsunamigenic potential. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shennan, Ian] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Bruhn, Ronald] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Plafker, George] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Shennan, I (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Sci Site, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM ian.shennan@durham.ac.uk; ron.bruhn@utah.edu; gplafker@usgs.gov RI Shennan, Ian/A-4612-2011; OI Shennan, Ian/0000-0003-3598-0224 FU NSF [0408959, 9725339]; NASA [NAG-10136]; U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior; USGS [06HQGROO33] FX This work is part of the NSF sponsored Saint Elias Erosion and Tectonics project (STEEP) supported by the Continental Dynamics Program, NSF 0408959 and also supported by NSF grant 9725339, NASA grant NAG-10136 and by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, under geologic mapping and earthquake hazards projects 1974-1993 (GP) and USGS award number 06HQGROO33 (The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government). NR 27 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.09.016 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 399HK UT WOS:000262790800002 ER PT B AU Mech, LD AF Mech, L. David BE Wydeven, AP VanDeelen, TR Heske, EJ TI Long-Term Research on Wolves in the Superior National Forest SO RECOVERY OF GRAY WOLVES IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION OF THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference of the Wildlife-Society CY SEP 25-29, 2005 CL Madison, WI SP Wildlife Soc ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; CANIS-LUPUS; NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; GRAY WOLVES; WOLF PREDATION; BODY-COMPOSITION; SCENT-MARKING; WINTERS SNOW; BUFFER ZONES; POPULATIONS C1 Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM david-mech@usgs.gov NR 97 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-85951-4 PY 2009 BP 15 EP 34 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-85952-1_2 PG 20 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BJF27 UT WOS:000265407800002 ER PT B AU Ruid, DB Paul, WJ Roell, BJ Wydeven, AP Willging, RC Jurewicz, RL Lonsway, DH AF Ruid, David B. Paul, William J. Roell, Brian J. Wydeven, Adrian P. Willging, Robert C. Jurewicz, Randy L. Lonsway, Donald H. BE Wydeven, AP VanDeelen, TR Heske, EJ TI Wolf-Human Conflicts and Management in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan SO RECOVERY OF GRAY WOLVES IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION OF THE UNITED STATES: AN ENDANGERED SPECIES SUCCESS STORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference of the Wildlife-Society CY SEP 25-29, 2005 CL Madison, WI SP Wildlife Soc ID DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; WOLVES; DEPREDATION; STERILIZATION; PREDATION; MOVEMENTS; LIVESTOCK; SURVIVAL; HABITAT; CATTLE C1 [Ruid, David B.; Willging, Robert C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, APHIS, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Ruid, DB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, APHIS, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM david.ruid@aphis.usda.gov; bill.j.paul@aphis.usda.gov; roellb@michigan.gov; adrian.wydeven@wisconsin.gov; Robert.C.Willging@usda.gov; Randle.Juewicz@wsconsin.gov; donald.lonsway@aphis.usda.gov NR 57 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-85951-4 PY 2009 BP 279 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-85952-1_18 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BJF27 UT WOS:000265407800018 ER PT B AU Refsnider, RL AF Refsnider, Ronald L. BE Wydeven, AP VanDeelen, TR Heske, EJ TI The Role of the Endangered Species Act in Midwest Wolf Recovery SO RECOVERY OF GRAY WOLVES IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION OF THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference of the Wildlife-Society CY SEP 25-29, 2005 CL Madison, WI SP Wildlife Soc ID GRAY WOLF; HISTORY C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. RP Refsnider, RL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fed Bldg, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. EM ron_refsnider@fws.gov NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-85951-4 PY 2009 BP 311 EP 329 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-85952-1_20 PG 19 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BJF27 UT WOS:000265407800020 ER PT S AU Crosta, AP Ducart, DF de Souza, CR Azevedo, F Brodie, CG AF Crosta, Alvaro P. Ducart, Diego Fernando de Souza Filho, Carlos Roberto Azevedo, Francisco Brodie, Colin G. BE Bedell, R Crosta, AP Grunsky, E TI Mineral Exploration for Epithermal Gold in Northern Patagonia, Argentina: From Regional- to Deposit-Scale Prospecting Using Landsat TM and Terra ASTER SO REMOTE SENSING AND SPECTRAL GEOLOGY SE Reviews in Economic Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYDROTHERMALLY ALTERED ROCKS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; FIELD AB Over the last decade, a new exploration frontier has opened up in Patagonia, Argentina, for gold mineralization. Important deposits, such as Cerro Vanguardia and Esquel, were discovered during this period. Despite these discoveries, basic geologic information for the vast Patagonia territory is still markedly scarce for generating targets for mineral exploration. in such a scenario, in which a prevailing and climate and sparse vegetation often leave favorable bedrock exposed, multispectral satellite remote sensing is playing all important role in gold prospecting. This paper presents the results of a remote sensing project developed over northern Patagonia with the purpose of mapping potential areas of epithermal gold mineralization. A reconnaissance program using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery to search for favorable targets oil a regional scale was carried out, focusing oil the mapping of possible hydrothermal alteration zones. The effectiveness of the results is evidenced by the fact that the majority of the hydrothermally altered targets pinpointed using Landsat TM showed anomalously high gold grades after follow-up geochemical analysis. Within the scenes analyzed, the region of Los Menucos stood out as having a high number of conspicuous altered areas carrying gold values greater than 0.1 g/t (some greater than 1 g/t). With the launch of Terra in 1999, carrying onboard the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), the Los Menucos region was further investigated to map alteration. A suite of advanced image processing methods was applied to the data, with the purpose of detecting and identifying key alteration minerals. The results accomplished in the Los Menucos region with Landsat TM and ASTER data demonstrate the capabilities of multispectral remote sensing for alteration mapping in frontier exploration regions, ranging from regional scale to district and deposit scales. C1 [Crosta, Alvaro P.; Ducart, Diego Fernando; de Souza Filho, Carlos Roberto] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Geosci, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Azevedo, Francisco; Brodie, Colin G.] IAMGOLD Argentina SA, Mendoza, Argentina. [Crosta, Alvaro P.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Ducart, Diego Fernando] Hochschild Min Co, Mendoza, Argentina. [Ducart, Diego Fernando] US Geol Survey, Stable Isotope Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ducart, Diego Fernando] US Geol Survey, Remote Sensing & Spect Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [de Souza Filho, Carlos Roberto] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Geosci, Campinas, Brazil. RP Crosta, AP (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Geosci, Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM alvaro@ige.unicamp.br; alvaro@ige.unicamp.br NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SHAFFER PKWY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0741-0123 BN 978-1-934969-13-7 J9 REV ECON GEOL PY 2009 VL 16 BP 97 EP 108 PG 12 WC Geology; Remote Sensing; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BKK76 UT WOS:000268394400009 ER PT J AU Chacon, L Jenkins, JA Leibo, SP Wirtu, G Dresser, BL Pope, CE Gomez, MC AF Chacon, L. Jenkins, J. A. Leibo, S. P. Wirtu, G. Dresser, B. L. Pope, C. E. Gomez, M. C. TI EFFECT OF HISTONE ACETYLATION LEVELS ON THE IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT OF CLONED BOVINE EMBRYOS SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chacon, L.; Gomez, M. C.] Colombian Natl Univ, Bogota, Colombia. [Chacon, L.; Leibo, S. P.; Dresser, B. L.] Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Leibo, S. P.; Wirtu, G.; Dresser, B. L.; Pope, C. E.; Gomez, M. C.] Audubon Ctr Res Endangered Species, New Orleans, LA USA. [Jenkins, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 1 MA 23 BP 111 EP 112 DI 10.1071/RDv21n1Ab23 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 380QW UT WOS:000261481300037 ER PT J AU Mccullough, DA Bartholow, JM Jager, HI Beschta, RL Cheslak, EF Deas, ML Ebersole, JL Foott, JS Johnson, SL Marine, KR Mesa, MG Petersen, JH Souchon, Y Tiffan, KF Wurtsbaugh, WA AF Mccullough, Dale A. Bartholow, John M. Jager, Henriette I. Beschta, Robert L. Cheslak, Edward F. Deas, Michael L. Ebersole, Joseph L. Foott, J. Scott Johnson, Sherri L. Marine, Keith R. Mesa, Matthew G. Petersen, James H. Souchon, Yves Tiffan, Kenneth F. Wurtsbaugh, Wayne A. TI Research in Thermal Biology: Burning Questions for Coldwater Stream Fishes SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE water temperature; global warming; genetics; physiology; ecosystem; salmonids ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; BONNEVILLE CUTTHROAT TROUT; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; FALL CHINOOK SALMON; UPPER TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER TEMPERATURE; ATLANTIC SALMON AB With the increasing appreciation of global warming impacts on ecological systems, in addition to the myriad of land management effects on water quality, the number of literature citations dealing with the effects of water temperature on freshwater fish has escalated in the past decade. Given the many biological scales at which water temperature effects have been studied, and the growing need to integrate knowledge from multiple disciplines of thermal biology to fully protect beneficial uses, we held that a survey of the most promising recent developments and an expression of some of the remaining unanswered questions with significant management implications would best be approached collectively by a diverse research community. We have identified five specific topic areas of renewed research where new techniques and critical thought could benefit coldwater stream fishes (particularly salmonids): molecular, organism, population/ species, community and ecosystem, and policy issues in water quality. Our hope is that information gained through examination of recent research fronts linking knowledge at various scales will prove useful in managing water quality at a basin level to protect fish populations and whole ecosystems. Standards of the past were based largely on incipient lethal and optimum growth rate temperatures for fish species, while future standards should consider all integrated thermal impacts to the organism and ecosystem. C1 [Mccullough, Dale A.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Bartholow, John M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Jager, Henriette I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Beschta, Robert L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cheslak, Edward F.] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Tech & Ecol Serv, San Ramon, CA USA. [Deas, Michael L.] Watercourse Engn Inc, Davis, CA USA. [Ebersole, Joseph L.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR USA. [Foott, J. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, CA NV Fish Hlth Ctr, Anderson, CA USA. [Johnson, Sherri L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Marine, Keith R.] N State Resources Inc, Redding, CA USA. [Mesa, Matthew G.; Petersen, James H.; Tiffan, Kenneth F.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA USA. [Souchon, Yves] Irstea, Unite Rech Biol Ecosyst Aquat, Lab Hydroecol Quantitat, Lyon, France. [Wurtsbaugh, Wayne A.] Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Mccullough, DA (reprint author), Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, 729 NE Oregon St,Ste 200, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM mccd@critfc.org RI Wurtsbaugh, Wayne/G-6856-2011; OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846; Jager, Henriette/0000-0003-4253-533X NR 204 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 9 U2 97 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 EI 1547-6553 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2009 VL 17 IS 1 BP 90 EP 115 DI 10.1080/10641260802590152 PG 26 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 416HD UT WOS:000263995500006 ER PT J AU Davis, WN Bramblett, RG Zale, AV Endicott, CL AF Davis, Windy N. Bramblett, Robert G. Zale, Alexander V. Endicott, Carol L. TI A Review of the Potential Effects of Coal Bed Natural Gas Development Activities on Fish Assemblages of the Powder River Geologic Basin SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE energy development; Great Plains; stream fish; aquatic resources; water quality; salinity AB Coal bed natural gas (CBNG) development in the Powder River geologic basin (PRGB) may alter water quality, quantity, or aquatic habitats. CBNG product water is generally higher than surface waters in dissolved sodium and bicarbonate and sometimes exceeds toxicity levels for fathead minnows and daphnids. Montana and Wyoming water quality standards do not account for differential ion toxicity; toxicity data for most fishes of the PRGB are lacking, and there are minimal data available on composition of CBNG product water. One field study suggests that CBNG may limit fish distribution. Metals and trace elements in CBNG product water, wetlands, impoundments, sediments, and biological tissues may exceed chronic standards or other biologically relevant thresholds. Product-water dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity are comparable to surface waters, but spatiotemporal temperature variation may disrupt natural cues. Increased discharge from CBNG product-water discharge or groundwater depletion may alter the ecology of PRGB streams. Indirect effects may occur if development alters food webs, plant communities, or aquatic habitats. Road construction may increase sedimentation, and stream crossings may fragment fish populations. Impoundments may be a source of non-native fish species. The uncertainty concerning potential effects of CBNG development on fish in the PRGB highlights the need for further research and monitoring. C1 [Bramblett, Robert G.; Zale, Alexander V.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Endicott, Carol L.] Confluence Consulting Inc, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Bramblett, RG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bbram@montana.edu NR 137 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2009 VL 17 IS 3 BP 402 EP 422 DI 10.1080/10641260902737067 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA V16GL UT WOS:000207858000004 ER PT S AU Harvey, R Metge, D Sheets, R Jasperse, J AF Harvey, Ronald Metge, David Sheets, Rodney Jasperse, Jay BE Ray, C Shamrukh, M TI Fluorescent Microspheres as Surrogates in Evaluating the Efficacy of Riverbank Filtration for Removing Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts and Other Pathogens SO RIVERBANK FILTRATION FOR WATER SECURITY IN DESERT COUNTRIES SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Water Security in Desert Countries CY FEB 21-24, 2009 CL Suez Canal Univ, Luxor, EGYPT SP NATO SPS, Univ Hawaii, ElMinia Univ HO Suez Canal Univ DE Riverbank filtration; bank filtration; fluorescent microspheres; pathogens; Crypt osporidium; oocysts ID CONTAMINATED SANDY AQUIFER; SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; BACTERIAL TRANSPORT; SIZED MICROSPHERES; TRACER EXPERIMENTS; COLLOID TRANSPORT; BANK FILTRATION; WATER; GROUNDWATER AB A major benefit of riverbank filtration (RBF) is that it provides a relatively effective means for pathogen removal. There is a need to conduct more injection-and-recovery transport studies at operating RBF sites in order to properly assess the combined effects of the site heterogeneities and ambient physicochemical conditions, which are difficult to replicate in the lab. For field transport studies involving pathogens, there is considerable interest in using fluorescent carboxylated microspheres (FCM) as surrogates, because they are chemically inert, negatively charged, easy to detect, available in a wide variety of sizes, and have been found to be nonhazardous in tracer applications. Although there have been a number of in-situ studies comparing the subsurface transport behaviors of FCM to those of bacteria and viruses, much less is known about their suitability for investigations of protozoa. Oocysts of the intestinal protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium spp. are of particular concern for many RBF operations because of their ubiquity and persistence in rivers and high resistance to chlorine disinfection. Although microspheres often have proven to be less-than-ideal analogs for capturing the abiotic transport behavior of viruses and bacteria, there is encouraging recent evidence regarding use of FCM as surrogates for C. parvum oocysts. This chapter discusses the potential of fluorescent microspheres as safe and easy-to-detect surrogates for evaluating the efficacy of RBF operations for removing pathogens, particularly Cryptosporidium, from source waters at different points along the flow path. C1 [Harvey, Ronald; Metge, David] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sheets, Rodney] U S Geolog Survey Eastern Region Sci Off, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Jasperse, Jay] Sonoma Cty Water Agcy, Santa Rosa, CA 95403 USA. RP Harvey, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rwharvey@usgs.gov; dwmetge@usgs.gov; rasheets@usgs.gov; jay.jasperse@scwa.ca.gov FU Sonoma County Water Agency; USGS Ohio Water Science Center; USGS Massachusetts Science Center; USGS Toxics program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge assistance and funding from the Sonoma County Water Agency, the USGS Ohio Water Science Center, the USGS Massachusetts Science Center, and from the USGS Toxics program NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-0025-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2009 BP 81 EP + DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0026-0_6 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BVV42 UT WOS:000292892100006 ER PT B AU Cuzzi, J Clark, R Filacchione, G French, R Johnson, R Marouf, E Spilker, L AF Cuzzi, Jeff Clark, Roger Filacchione, Gianrico French, Richard Johnson, Robert Marouf, Essam Spilker, Linda BE Dougherty, MK Esposito, LW Krimigis, SM TI Ring Particle Composition and Size Distribution SO SATURN FROM CASSINI-HUYGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SATURNS MAIN RINGS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; VOYAGER-1 RADIO OCCULTATION; INFRARED OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLAR-SYSTEM BODIES; WATER-VAPOR PLUME; CASSINI-VIMS; PLANETARY RINGS; PHASE CURVES AB We review recent progress concerning the composition and size distribution of the particles in Saturn's main ring system, and describe how these properties vary from place to place. We discuss how the particle size distribution is measured, and how it varies radially. We note the discovery of unusually large "particles" in restricted radial bands. We discuss the properties of the grainy regoliths of the ring particles. We review advances in understanding of ring particle composition from spectrophotometry at UV, visual and near-IR wavelengths, multicolor photometry at visual wavelengths, and thermal emission. We discuss the observed ring atmosphere and its interpretation and, briefly, models of the evolution of ring composition. We connect the ring composition with what has been learned recently about the composition of other icy objects in the Saturn system and beyond. Because the rings are so thoroughly and rapidly structurally evolved, the composition of the rings may be our best clue as to their origin; however, the evolution of ring particle composition over time must first be understood. C1 [Cuzzi, Jeff] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Clark, Roger] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [French, Richard] Wellesley Coll, Wellesley, MA 02181 USA. [Johnson, Robert] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Marouf, Essam] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Spilker, Linda] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Filacchione, Gianrico] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Rome, Italy. RP Cuzzi, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. OI Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055 NR 197 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-9216-9 PY 2009 BP 459 EP 509 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9217-6_15 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-9217-6 PG 51 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BMO21 UT WOS:000273026000015 ER PT B AU Jaumann, R Clark, RN Nimmo, F Hendrix, AR Buratti, BJ Denk, T Moore, JM Schenk, PM Ostro, SJ Srama, R AF Jaumann, Ralf Clark, Roger N. Nimmo, Francis Hendrix, Amanda R. Buratti, Bonnie J. Denk, Tilmann Moore, Jeffrey M. Schenk, Paul M. Ostro, Steve J. Srama, Ralf BE Dougherty, MK Esposito, LW Krimigis, SM TI Icy Satellites: Geological Evolution and Surface Processes SO SATURN FROM CASSINI-HUYGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; CASSINI IMAGING SCIENCE; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; GALILEO ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMETER; SATURNS SMALL SATELLITES; TITAN RADAR MAPPER; E-RING; WATER VOLCANISM; DARK MATERIAL; POLAR WANDER AB The sizes of the Saturnian icy satellites range from similar to 1,500 km in diameter (Rhea) to similar to 20 km (Calypso), and even smaller 'rocks' of only a kilometer in diameter are common in the system. All these bodies exhibit remarkable, unique features and unexpected diversity. In this chapter, we will mostly focus on the 'medium-sized icy objects' Mimas, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Iapetus, Phoebe and Hyperion, and consider small objects only where appropriate, whereas Titan and Enceladus will be described in separate chapters. Mimas and Tethys show impact craters caused by bodies that were almost large enough to break them apart. Iapetus is unique in the Saturnian system because of its extreme global brightness dichotomy. Tectonic activity varies widely - from inactive Mimas through extensional terrains on Rhea and Dione to the current cryovolcanic eruptions on Enceladus - and is not necessarily correlated with predicted tidal stresses. Likely sources of stress include impacts, despinning, reorientation and volume changes. Accretion of dark material originating from outside the Saturnian system may explain the surface contamination that prevails in the whole satellite system, while coating by Saturn's E-ring particles brightens the inner satellites. So far, among the surprising Cassini discoveries are the volcanic activity on Enceladus, the sponge-like appearance of Hyperion and the equatorial ridge on Iapetus - unique features in the solar system. The bright-ray system on Rhea was caused by a relatively recent medium impact which formed a similar to 40 km crater at 12 degrees S latitude, 112 degrees W longitude, while the wispy streaks on Dione and Rhea are of tectonic origin. Compositional mapping shows that the dark material on Iapetus is composed of organics, CO2 mixed with H2O ice, and metallic iron, and also exhibits possible signatures of ammonia, bound water, H-2 or OH-bearing minerals, and a number of as-yet unidentified substances. The spatial pattern, Rayleigh scattering effect, and spectral properties argue that the dark material on Iapetus is only a thin coating on its surface. Radar data indicate that the thickness of the dark layers can be no more than a few decimeters; this is also consistent with the discovery of small bright-ray and bright-floor craters within the dark terrain. Moreover, several spectral features of the dark material match those seen on Phoebe, Iapetus, Hyperion, Dione and Epimetheus as well as in the F-ring and the Cassini Division, implying that throughout the Saturnian system. All dark material appears to have a high content of metallic iron and a small content of nano-phase hematite. However, the complete composition of the dark material is still unresolved, and additional laboratory work is required. As previously concluded for Phoebe, the dark material appears to have originated external to the Saturnian system. The icy satellites of Saturn offer an unrivalled natural laboratory for understanding the geological diversity of different-sized icy satellites and their interactions within a complex planetary system. C1 [Jaumann, Ralf] Inst Planetary Res, DLR, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Jaumann, Ralf; Denk, Tilmann] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nimmo, Francis] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hendrix, Amanda R.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Ostro, Steve J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schenk, Paul M.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Srama, Ralf] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Jaumann, R (reprint author), Inst Planetary Res, DLR, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. NR 300 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-9216-9 PY 2009 BP 637 EP 681 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9217-6_20 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-9217-6 PG 45 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BMO21 UT WOS:000273026000020 ER PT J AU Myers, MD AF Myers, Mark D. TI USGS: Science at the Intersection of Land and Ocean SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Surrey, England. RP Myers, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Surrey, England. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 50 IS 1 BP 18 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 404KV UT WOS:000263151400006 ER PT S AU Riedel, M Collett, T Malone, MJ AF Riedel, M. Collett, T. Malone, M. J. CA IODP Expedition 311 Scientists BE Long, D Lovell, MA Rees, JG Rochelle, CA TI Gas hydrate drilling transect across northern Cascadia margin - IODP Expedition 311 SO SEDIMENT-HOSTED GAS HYDRATES: NEW INSIGHTS ON NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC SYSTEMS SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS AB A transect of four sites (U1325, U1326, U1327 and U1329) across the northern Cascadia margin was established during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 311 to study the occurrence and formation of gas hydrate in accretionary complexes. In addition to the transect sites, a fifth site (U1328) was established at a cold vent with active fluid flow. The four transect sites represent different typical geological environments of gas hydrate occurrence across the northern Cascadia margin from the earliest occurrence on the westernmost first accreted ridge (Site U1326) to the eastward limit of the gas hydrate occurrence in shallower water (Site U1329). Expedition 311 complements previous gas hydrate studies along the Cascadia accretionary complex, especially ODP Leg 146 and Leg 204 by extending the aperture of the transect sampled and introducing new tools to systematically quantify the gas hydrate content of the sediments. Among the most significant findings of the expedition was the occurrence of up to 20 m thick sand-rich turbidite intervals with gas hydrate concentrations locally exceeding 50% of the pore space at Sites U1326 and U1327. Moreover, these anomalous gas hydrate intervals occur at unexpectedly shallow depths of 50-120 metres below seafloor, which is the opposite of what was expected from previous models of gas hydrate formation in accretionary complexes, where gas hydrate was predicted to be more concentrated near the base of the gas hydrate stability zone just above the bottom-simulating reflector. Gas hydrate appears to be mainly concentrated in turbidite sand layers. During Expedition 311, the visual correlation of gas hydrate with sand layers was clearly and repeatedly documented, strongly supporting the importance of grain size in controlling gas hydrate occurrence. The results from the transect sites provide evidence for a structurally complex, lithology-controlled gas hydrate environment on the northern Cascadia margin. Local shallow occurrences of high gas hydrate concentrations contradict the previous model of gas hydrate formation at an accretionary prism. However, long-lived fluid flow (part of the old model) is still required to explain the shallow high gas hydrate concentrations, although it is most likely not pervasive throughout the entire accretionary prism, but rather localized and focused by the tectonic processes. Differences in the fluid flow regime across all of the transect drill sites indicate site-specific and probably disconnected (compartmented) deeper fluid sources in the various parts of the accretionary prism. The data and future analyses will yield a better understanding of the geologic controls, evolution and ultimate fate of gas hydrate in an accretionary prism as an important contribution to the role of gas hydrate methane gas in slope stability and possibly in climate change. C1 [Riedel, M.] Geol Survey Canada Pacific, Nat Resources Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Collett, T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Malone, M. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Riedel, M (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada Pacific, Nat Resources Canada, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM mriedel@NRCan.gc.ca OI Kim, Ji-Hoon/0000-0003-2430-3869; Kitajima, Hiroko/0000-0002-1985-284X NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-279-3 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2009 VL 319 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1144/SP319.2 PG 9 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BOW28 UT WOS:000277823300002 ER PT B AU Celebi, M AF Celebi, Mehmet BE Ilki, A Karadogan, F Pala, S Yuksel, E TI Seismic Monitoring to Assess Performance of Structures in Near-Real Time: Recent Progress SO SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT AND RETROFITTING: WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON EXISTING LOW-RISE STRUCTURES SE Geotechnical Geological and Earthquake Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Measures for the Prevention of Total Collapse of Existing Low-Rise Structures CY NOV 19-20, 2007 CL Istanbul Tech Univ, Istanbul, TURKEY HO Istanbul Tech Univ ID EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE; BUILDINGS; PROVISIONS AB Earlier papers have described how observed data from classical accelerometers deployed in structures or from differential UPS with high sampling ratios deployed at roofs of tall buildings can be configured to establish seismic health monitoring of structures. In these configurations, drift ratios are the main parametric indicator of damage condition of a structure or component of a structure. Real-time measurement of displacements are acquired either by double integration of accelerometer time-series data, or by directly using UPS. Recorded sensor data is then related to the performance level of a building. Performance-based design method stipulates that for a building the amplitude of relative displacement of the roof of a building (with respect to its base) indicates its performance. Usually, drift ratio is computed using relative displacement between two consecutive floors. When accelerometers are used, determination of displacement is possible by strategically deploying them at a select number of pairs of consecutive floors. For these determinations, software is used to compute displacements and drift ratios in real-time by double integration of accelerometer data. However, UPS-measured relative displacements are limited to being acquired only at the roof with respect to its reference base. Thus, computed drift ratio is the average drift ratio for the whole building. Until recently, the validity of measurements using GPS was limited to long-period structures (T>1 s) because UPS systems readily available were limited to 10-20 samples per seconds (sps) capability. However, presently, up to 50 sps differential UPS systems are available on the market and have been successfully used to monitor drift ratios [I, Panagitou et al. (Seismic Response of Rein Forced Concrete Wall Buildings, 2006)], (Restrepo, pers. comm. 2007) thus enabling future usefulness of GPS to all types of structures. Several levels of threshold drift ratios can be postulated in order to make decisions for inspections and/or occupancy. Experience with data acquired from both accelerometers and UPS deployments indicates that they are reliable and provide pragmatic alternatives to alert the owners and other authorized parties to make informed decisions and select choices for pre-defined actions following significant events. Furthermore, recent adoption of such methods by financial and industrial enterprises is testimony to their viability. C1 USGS MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), USGS MS977, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM celebi@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-2680-4 J9 GEOT GEOL EARTHQUAKE PY 2009 VL 10 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2681-1_1 PG 24 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BQR65 UT WOS:000281650000001 ER PT J AU Felzer, K AF Felzer, Karen TI Simulated Aftershock Sequences for an M 7.8 Earthquake on the Southern San Andreas Fault SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE; FORESHOCKS; LANDERS C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Felzer, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM kfelzer@gps.caltech.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1785/gssrl.80.1.21 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 393NA UT WOS:000262378800004 ER PT J AU Allen, TI Marano, KD Earle, PS Wald, DJ AF Allen, Trevor I. Marano, Kristin D. Earle, Paul S. Wald, David J. TI PA GER-CAT: A Composite Earthquake Catalog for Calibrating Global Fatality Models SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CASUALTIES; POPULATIONS; SEISMICITY; RELOCATION C1 [Allen, Trevor I.] Geosci Australia, Risk & Impact Anal Grp, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Marano, Kristin D.; Earle, Paul S.; Wald, David J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Allen, TI (reprint author), Geosci Australia, Risk & Impact Anal Grp, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM trevor.allen@ga.gov.au; pearle@usgs.gov OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 28 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1785/gssrl.80.1.57 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 393NA UT WOS:000262378800008 ER PT J AU Harris, RA Barall, M Archuleta, R Dunham, E Aagaard, B Ampuero, JP Bhat, H Cruz-Atienza, V Dalguer, L Dawson, P Day, S Duan, B Ely, G Kaneko, Y Kase, Y Lapusta, N Liu, Y Ma, S Oglesby, D Olsen, K Pitarka, A Song, S Templeton, E AF Harris, R. A. Barall, M. Archuleta, R. Dunham, E. Aagaard, B. Ampuero, J. P. Bhat, H. Cruz-Atienza, V. Dalguer, L. Dawson, P. Day, S. Duan, B. Ely, G. Kaneko, Y. Kase, Y. Lapusta, N. Liu, Y. Ma, S. Oglesby, D. Olsen, K. Pitarka, A. Song, S. Templeton, E. TI The SCEC/USGS Dynamic Earthquake Rupture Code Verification Exercise SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION C1 [Harris, R. A.; Barall, M.; Aagaard, B.; Dawson, P.; Duan, B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Barall, M.] Invisible Software, San Jose, CA USA. [Archuleta, R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dunham, E.; Templeton, E.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ampuero, J. P.; Kaneko, Y.; Lapusta, N.; Liu, Y.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bhat, H.; Ely, G.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Cruz-Atienza, V.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Dalguer, L.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Day, S.; Ma, S.; Olsen, K.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Kase, Y.] Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Oglesby, D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Pitarka, A.; Song, S.] URS Corp, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Harris, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM harris@usgs.gov RI Ampuero, Jean Paul/N-3348-2013; Song, Seok Goo/B-8482-2012; Bhat, Harsha/B-1489-2008; pitarka, arben/K-5491-2014; Dalguer, Luis/A-3775-2015; Kaneko, Yoshihiro/B-8264-2013; Harris, Ruth/C-4184-2013; Ma, Shuo/G-8089-2011 OI Ampuero, Jean Paul/0000-0002-4827-7987; Song, Seok Goo/0000-0002-6603-1542; Dalguer, Luis/0000-0003-0582-7640; Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833; Kaneko, Yoshihiro/0000-0003-2342-0131; Harris, Ruth/0000-0002-9247-0768; FU NSF Cooperative Agreements [EAR-0106924, EAR-0529922]; USGS Cooperative Agreements [02HQAGO008, 07HQAGO008] FX Joe Andrews has thoughtfully contributed to our code comparison exercise in many ways, including by improving our benchmark descriptions. Funding for the Rupture Dynamics Code Verification Exercise has come from the Southern California Earthquake Center (funded by NSF Cooperative Agreements EAR-0106924, EAR-0529922, and USGS Cooperative Agreements 02HQAGO008, 07HQAGO008), internal USGS Earthquake Hazards Program funds, and the U.S. Department of Energy/Pacific Gas and Electric Extreme Ground Motions project. Thanks to Tom Jordan, Norm Abrahamson, Tom Hanks, and Paul Somerville for their support of this project, and thanks to Phil Maechling for graciously helping us with the logistics of the code-validation Web site. This manuscript benefited from helpful USGS internal reviews by Tom Hanks and Nick Beeler and from the comments of an anonymous SRL reviewer. This is SCEC Contribution #1184. NR 10 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 8 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1785/gssrl.80.1.119 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 393NA UT WOS:000262378800016 ER PT J AU Hanlon, SD Petty, MA Neves, RJ AF Hanlon, Shane D. Petty, Melissa A. Neves, Richard J. TI Status of Native Freshwater Mussels in Copper Creek, Virginia SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID UNIONIDAE; AMMONIA; TOXICITY; POWER AB Previous freshwater mussel surveys conducted in Copper Creek showed a decline in the fauna from 1980 to 1998. In 2004 and 2005, we sampled 47 sites acquiring relative abundance estimates (measured in catch-per-unit-effort) to assess the current status of the mussel fauna relative to previous surveys. We also obtained absolute density estimates for 4 select sites for comparison with future and past surveys. Of the 25 mussel species reported from this and previous surveys, 16 were represented by living specimens, 5 are extant but may soon be extirpated, and 8 are likely extirpated from the creek. Presence-absence analysis showed a significant decline in species per site since 1980. Absolute density estimates (at Copper Creek river km 3. 1) decreased significantly from 4.07 mussels/m(2) in 1981 to 0.63 mussels/m(2) in 2005. The cause of this faunal decline is likely due to several factors, including, most notably, the loss of riparian buffers. Nearly half of the stream banks in Copper Creek have inadequate riparian vegetation to provide even minimal sediment control. Precipitous declines of the Clinch River fauna (a likely source population for several species) may be another significant factor influencing the faunal decline in Copper Creek. Despite these declines, populations of several species may be in a state of recovery. Based on 18 comparable sites, average catch-per-unit-effort in 2005 was 25.16 mussels/hr, significantly higher than the 1998 survey (12.92 mussels/hr). C1 [Hanlon, Shane D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SW Virginia Ecol Serv Field Off, Abingdon, VA 24210 USA. [Neves, Richard J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hanlon, SD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SW Virginia Ecol Serv Field Off, 330 Cummings St, Abingdon, VA 24210 USA. EM shane_hanlon@fws.gov FU USGS FX We thank Dave Garst for conducting much of the qualitative survey work. We also thank Rachel Mair, Jake Rash, John Schmerfeld, Brett Ostby, and Sumalee Hoskin for assisting in survey work. John Scrivani provided USDA Forest Service forest inventory and analysis data, and Carolyn Copenhaver provided references on historic regional forest cutting. We also appreciate reviews of this paper by Mike Pinder and Brian Watson. This work was funded by USGS Science Supported Partnership Program in cooperation with the US Fish and Wildlife Service and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1656/058.008.0101 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 439VN UT WOS:000265655600001 ER PT J AU Kashiwagi, MT Miranda, LE AF Kashiwagi, Michael T. Miranda, Leandro E. TI Influence of Small Impoundments on Habitat and Fish Communities in Headwater Streams SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; RIVER-BASIN; UPSTREAM; VARIABILITY; PERSISTENCE; DOWNSTREAM; CALIFORNIA; GRADIENTS; ARKANSAS AB We surveyed the habitat and fish assemblages of four impounded and three unimpounded neighboring headwater streams, separated longitudinally into multiple upstream and downstream reaches. Instream habitat characteristics were similar between reaches of unimpounded streams and reaches above impoundments, and differed significantly from reaches below impoundments that included deeper water and more stable flows. Species richness was similar above and below impoundments, and between impounded and unimpounded streams, but fish assemblage composition and structure differed. Stream reaches above impoundments supported higher percentages of centrarchids compared to upper reaches of unimpounded streams, which had more obligate stream cyprinids. Reaches below impoundments supported mainly centrarchid species whereas lower reaches of unimpounded streams supported a balanced mix of cyprinids and centrarchids. Percina maculata (Blackside Darter) occurred throughout the study area except in upper reaches of impounded streams, illustrating how stream fragmentation can lead to localized extirpations. Changes to the fish assemblages in reaches above impoundments were due to the loss of downstream connectivity, and changes to the fish assemblages below impoundments were due to alterations of instream habitat caused by the impoundments. Small impoundments can have important effects on fish faunas of small geographical areas, but also potentially large cumulative effects if distribution of impoundments is not administered strategically at the scale of the river basin. We caution that continual population increase, recent droughts, and projected changes in climate patterns are prompting a renewed interest in impoundment construction, and urge close regulatory oversight over such projects. C1 [Kashiwagi, Michael T.; Miranda, Leandro E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@cfr.msstate.edu NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1656/058.008.0103 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 439VN UT WOS:000265655600003 ER PT J AU Gangloff, MM Hartfield, PW AF Gangloff, Michael M. Hartfield, Paul W. TI Seven Populations of the Southern Kidneyshell (Ptychobranchus jonesi) Discovered in the Choctawhatchee River Basin, Alabama SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Ptychobranchus jonesi (Southern Kidneyshell) is one of the most imperiled freshwater mussels in North America. It is endemic to eastern Gulf of Mexico drainages from the Escambia to the Choctawhatchee River basins. Numerous recent surveys considered it restricted to a single Population in the West Fork Choctawhatchee River in southeastern Alabama. We conducted comprehensive (9-15 hr per site) mussel searches in three high-quality reaches of the Pea River, a Choctawhatchee River tributary, to assess microhabitat associations for the Southern Kidneyshell. Habitat features were later used to identify subsequent search localities. We found undetected Southern Kidneyshell populations at a total of seven localities in the Choctawhatchee River Basin, AL. Although widely-distributed, the Southern Kidneyshell is extremely rare (n = 13) and comprised <0.3% of all mussels encountered. Prior surveys may have underestimated the distribution of the Southern Kidneyshell because they were broadly focused and thus did not expend the necessary effort to detect this rare mussel. Targeted searches in preferred microhabitats greatly increased Southern Kidneyshell catch rates and were used to detect four of the seven new populations. These results suggest that extensive searches) within high-quality habitats arc critical to detecting rare mussels in patch), habitats. C1 [Gangloff, Michael M.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Hartfield, Paul W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson ES Field Off, Jackson, MS 39213 USA. RP Gangloff, MM (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, 572 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM gangloffmm@appstate.edu FU MS and Athens; GA Ecological Services Field Offices FX We wish to thank Steven Butler, Steven Bryant, Joe Hankes, Emily Hartfield, Tandy Loffland, Tyler Mosley, Keith Ray, Hilary Strickland, Anna Thomas, and Kevin White for assisting with fieldwork. Bob Butler, Lynn Siefferman, and two anonymous reviewers examined an earlier version of the manuscript and provided helpful editorial comments. Funding for this project was provided by the USFWS Jackson, MS and Athens, GA Ecological Services Field Offices. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2009 VL 8 IS 2 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1656/058.008.0204 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467VD UT WOS:000267770300004 ER PT J AU Herring, G Collazo, JA AF Herring, Garth Collazo, Jaime A. TI Site Characteristics and Prey Abundance at Foraging Sites Used by Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) Wintering in Florida SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL FLORIDA; DIVING DUCKS; NUTRIENT RESERVES; MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; FOOD-HABITS; MIGRATION; BAY; POPULATIONS; HYPOTHESES AB We examined site characteristics and prey abundances where wintering Aythya affinis (Lesser Scaup; hereafter scaup) foraged within three regions of the Indian River Lagoon system in central Florida. We observed that scaup concentrated in the Indian and Banana rivers; however, density of prey items did not differ between foraging sites and random sites. We also found that site characteristics were similar between foraging and random sites. Differences in site characteristics between random points across all three regions did not explain the distribution of Foraging scaup (no scaup foraged in the Mosquito Lagoon); however, prey densities were approximately 3 times lower in the Mosquito Lagoon region. Our study suggests that current habitat conditions within the northern Indian River Lagoon system meet the overwintering requirements of scaup; however, prey densities in the Mosquito Lagoon may have been too low to be profitable for foraging scaup during the period of our study. C1 [Herring, Garth; Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Herring, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gh-erring@ucdavis.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2009 VL 8 IS 2 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1656/058.008.0215 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 467VD UT WOS:000267770300015 ER PT J AU Dennard, S Peterson, JT Hawthorne, ES AF Dennard, Susan Peterson, James T. Hawthorne, Edwin S. TI Life History and Ecology of Cambarus halli (Hobbs) SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CRAYFISH ORCONECTES-VIRILIS; CONSERVATION STATUS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; UNITED-STATES; ROCK BASS; STREAM; ALABAMA; CANADA AB The life history of Cambarus halli, a crayfish endemic to the Tallapoosa River Basin, GA, was studied at four sites within the Tallapoosa River. Two sites had allopatric populations of C. halli, and two sites had populations of C. halli sympatric with C. englishi. Three age classes existed across sites. For Cambarus halli, total number of pleopodal eggs was positively related to carapace length, but egg size was only weakly positively related to carapace length. Cambarus halli were smaller across age classes at sympatric sites, but had greater growth rates than at allopatric sites. Cambarus halli density estimates were lower at sympatric sites, while proportions of reproductively active age-1 and age-2 individuals were higher at allopatric sites (63% vs. 33%). C1 [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM peterson@warnell.uga.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources; US Fish and Wildlife Service, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank crew members N. Banish, S. Craven, A. Meadows, D. McPherson, J. McCargo, and J. Ruiz for data collection. The manuscript was improved with suggestions from J. Shelton, N. Nibbelink, C. Rabeni, B. Albanese, and anonymous reviewers. The US Fish and Wildlife Service provided funding for the field portion of the project. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2009 VL 8 IS 3 BP 479 EP 494 DI 10.1656/058.008.0309 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 500XZ UT WOS:000270341300009 ER PT J AU Stolen, ED Collazo, JA Percival, HF AF Stolen, Eric D. Collazo, Jaime A. Percival, H. Franklin TI Vegetation Effects on Fish Distribution in Impounded Salt Marshes SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-RIVER LAGOON; WADING BIRDS; SAMPLING CHARACTERISTICS; PREY; PREDATION; SELECTION; HABITATS; FLORIDA; EGRETS; TRAPS AB We compared the density and biomass of resident fish in vegetated and unvegetated flooded habitats of impounded salt marshes in the northern Indian River Lagoon (IRL) Estuary of east-central Florida. A 1-m(2) throw trap was used to sample fish in randomly located, paired sample plots (n = 198 pairs) over 5 seasons in 7 impoundments. We collected a total of 15 fish taxa, and 88% of the fishes we identified from the samples belonged to three species: Cyprinodon variegatus (Sheepshead Minnow), Gambusia holbrooki (Eastern Mosquitofish), and Poecilia latipinna (Sailfin Molly). Vegetated habitat usually had higher density and biomass of fish. Mean fish density (and 95% confidence interval) for vegetated and unvegetated sites were 8.2 (6.7-9.9) and 2.0 (1.6-2.4) individuals in m(-2), respectively; mean biomass (and 95% confidence interval) for vegetated and unvegetated sites were 3.0 (2.5-3.7) and 1.1 (0.9-1.4) g m(-2), respectively. We confirmed previous findings that impounded salt marshes of the northern IRL Estuary produce a high standing stock of resident fishes. Seasonal patterns of abundance were consistent with fish moving between vegetated and unvegetated habitat as water levels changed in the estuary. Differences in density, mean size, and species composition of resident fishes between vegetated and unvegetated habitats have important implications for movement of biomass and nutrients out of salt marsh by piscivores (e.g., wading birds and fishes) via a trophic relay. C1 [Percival, H. Franklin] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Stolen, ED (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, Mail Code DYN 2, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM eric.d.stolen@nasa.gov FU NASA [NAS 10-02001] FX Dr. W. Knott III (retired), Chief of the Biological Sciences Branch, B. Summerfield, Chief of Center Operations, and K. Gorman at the Kennedy Space Center, FL, provided support during all phases of this study. G. Carter, P. Frederick, W. Kitchens, L Rozas, C. Montague, E. Reyier, P. Stevens, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. We acknowledge the staff of the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge for granting permission to conduct this work on the refuge. This study was conducted under NASA contract NAS 10-02001. This is contribution 7 from the Wetlands Initiative at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2009 VL 8 IS 3 BP 503 EP 514 DI 10.1656/058.008.0311 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 500XZ UT WOS:000270341300011 ER PT J AU Beck, KB Lucash, CF Stoskopf, MK AF Beck, Karen B. Lucash, Christopher F. Stoskopf, Michael K. TI Lack of Impact of Den Interference on Neonatal Red Wolves SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DISTURBANCE; MORTALITY; HOMESITES; CAPTURE AB Biologists handled Canis lupus rufus (Red Wolf) pups from 12 wild litters over 3 years to determine if den interference and handling negatively impacted neonatal survival. Litters were handled for blood collection and transponder placement on one of 2 den visits approximately 13 days apart when pups were approximately 5 days and 19 days old, respectively. No biologically important difference in the proportion of pups surviving was observed between Subsequent visits, nor in comparison to historical data from dens where Pups were not handled but rather documented based on autumn trapping Surveys. C1 [Beck, Karen B.; Stoskopf, Michael K.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Beck, Karen B.; Stoskopf, Michael K.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Lucash, Christopher F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Wolf Recovery Program, Manteo, NC 27954 USA. RP Stoskopf, MK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM Michael_Stoskopf@ncsu.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 BP 631 EP 638 DI 10.1656/058.008.0405 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 540VB UT WOS:000273367000005 ER PT B AU Bonar, SA Contreras-Balderas, S Iles, AC AF Bonar, Scott A. Contreras-Balderas, Salvador Iles, Alison C. BE Bonar, SA Hubert, WA Willis, DW TI An Introduction to Standardized Sampling SO STANDARD METHODS FOR SAMPLING NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID RESERVOIR; DESIGNS; TRENDS C1 [Bonar, Scott A.; Iles, Alison C.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Contreras-Balderas, Salvador] Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-10-3 PY 2009 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BKR87 UT WOS:000269040200001 ER PT B AU Pope, KL Neumann, RM Bryan, SD AF Pope, Kevin L. Neumann, Robert M. Bryan, Scott D. BE Bonar, SA Hubert, WA Willis, DW TI Warmwater Fish in Small Standing Waters SO STANDARD METHODS FOR SAMPLING NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GILLNET SELECTIVITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; CATCHES; NETS; LAKE C1 [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Neumann, Robert M.] In Fisherman Inc, Baxter, MN 56425 USA. [Bryan, Scott D.] Aquat Consultants Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Pope, KL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 103 Miller Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009; Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-10-3 PY 2009 BP 13 EP 27 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BKR87 UT WOS:000269040200002 ER PT B AU Miranda, LE Boxrucker, J AF Miranda, L. E. (Steve) Boxrucker, Jeff BE Bonar, SA Hubert, WA Willis, DW TI Warmwater Fish in Large Standing Waters SO STANDARD METHODS FOR SAMPLING NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GILL NETS; SIZE; SELECTIVITY; RESERVOIR; GEAR; LENGTH C1 [Miranda, L. E. (Steve)] Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Boxrucker, Jeff] Oklahoma Dept Wildlife Conservat, Oklahoma Fishery Res Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, PO Drawer BX, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 44 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-10-3 PY 2009 BP 29 EP 42 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BKR87 UT WOS:000269040200003 ER PT B AU Rabeni, CF Lyons, J Mercado-Silva, N Peterson, JT AF Rabeni, Charles F. Lyons, John Mercado-Silva, Norman Peterson, James T. BE Bonar, SA Hubert, WA Willis, DW TI Warmwater Fish in Wadeable Streams SO STANDARD METHODS FOR SAMPLING NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECIES RICHNESS; ELECTROFISHING EFFORT; DWELLING SALMONIDS; DISTRIBUTIONS; PROBABILITY; ABUNDANCES C1 [Rabeni, Charles F.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Mercado-Silva, Norman] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lyons, John] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Monona, WI 53716 USA. RP Rabeni, CF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-10-3 PY 2009 BP 43 EP 58 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BKR87 UT WOS:000269040200004 ER PT B AU Guy, CS Braaten, PJ Herzog, DP Pitlo, J Rogers, RS AF Guy, Christopher S. Braaten, Patrick J. Herzog, David P. Pitlo, John Rogers, R. Scott BE Bonar, SA Hubert, WA Willis, DW TI Warmwater Fish in Rivers SO STANDARD METHODS FOR SAMPLING NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SMALL-BODIED FISHES; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; TRAWL; SYSTEMS; DAKOTA C1 [Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Herzog, David P.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Open Rivers & Wetlands Field Stn, Jackson, MO 63755 USA. [Braaten, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59223 USA. [Pitlo, John] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Bellevue, IA 52031 USA. [Rogers, R. Scott] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Guy, CS (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, 301 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-10-3 PY 2009 BP 59 EP 84 PG 26 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BKR87 UT WOS:000269040200005 ER PT B AU Lester, NP Bailey, PE Hubert, WA AF Lester, Nigel P. Bailey, Paul E. Hubert, Wayne A. BE Bonar, SA Hubert, WA Willis, DW TI Coldwater Fish in Small Standing Waters SO STANDARD METHODS FOR SAMPLING NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GILL NETS; SIZE-SELECTIVITY; PROBABILITY; ENCOUNTER; GEAR C1 [Lester, Nigel P.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Aquat Ecosyst Sci Sect, Peterborough, ON K9J 6M5, Canada. [Hubert, Wayne A.] US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bailey, Paul E.] N Dakota Game & Fish Dept, Riverdale, ND 58565 USA. RP Lester, NP (reprint author), Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Aquat Ecosyst Sci Sect, 300 Water St, Peterborough, ON K9J 6M5, Canada. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-10-3 PY 2009 BP 85 EP 96 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BKR87 UT WOS:000269040200006 ER PT B AU Beauchamp, DA Parrish, DL Whaley, RA AF Beauchamp, David A. Parrish, Donna L. Whaley, Roy A. BE Bonar, SA Hubert, WA Willis, DW TI Coldwater Fish in Large Standing Waters SO STANDARD METHODS FOR SAMPLING NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYDROACOUSTIC SURVEYS; LAKE-SUPERIOR; ABUNDANCE; SELECTIVITY; DENSITY C1 [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Parrish, Donna L.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Aiken Ctr 312, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Whaley, Roy A.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Casper, WY 82604 USA. RP Beauchamp, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-10-3 PY 2009 BP 97 EP 117 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BKR87 UT WOS:000269040200007 ER PT B AU Dunham, JB Rosenberger, AE Thurow, RF Dolloff, CA Howell, PJ AF Dunham, Jason B. Rosenberger, Amanda E. Thurow, Russell F. Dolloff, C. Andrew Howell, Philip J. BE Bonar, SA Hubert, WA Willis, DW TI Coldwater Fish in Wadeable Streams SO STANDARD METHODS FOR SAMPLING NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROWN TROUT; REDD COUNTS; BULL TROUT; DWELLING SALMONIDS; MARK-RECAPTURE; HABITAT USE; ABUNDANCE; ONCORHYNCHUS C1 [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dolloff, C. Andrew] Virginia Tech, USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn,Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Howell, Philip J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda E.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Thurow, Russell F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Dunham, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Corvallis Res Grp, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 57 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-10-3 PY 2009 BP 119 EP 138 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BKR87 UT WOS:000269040200008 ER PT B AU Budy, P Thiede, GP Luecke, C Schneidervin, RW AF Budy, Phaedra Thiede, Gary P. Luecke, Chris Schneidervin, Roger W. BE Bonar, SA Hubert, WA Willis, DW TI Warmwater and Coldwater Fish in Two-Story Standing Waters SO STANDARD METHODS FOR SAMPLING NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FLAMING-GORGE RESERVOIR; RAINBOW-TROUT; LAKE; ABUNDANCE; GROWTH; DEPTH; MODEL C1 [Budy, Phaedra; Thiede, Gary P.] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Schneidervin, Roger W.] Utah State Div Wildlife Resources, Dutch John, UT 84023 USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-10-3 PY 2009 BP 159 EP 169 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BKR87 UT WOS:000269040200010 ER PT B AU Peterson, JT Paukert, CP AF Peterson, James T. Paukert, Craig P. BE Bonar, SA Hubert, WA Willis, DW TI Converting Nonstandard Fish Sampling Data to Standardized Data SO STANDARD METHODS FOR SAMPLING NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RAINBOW-TROUT; EFFICIENCY; PROBABILITY; BASS; VARIABILITY; ABUNDANCE; DENSITY; STREAMS; RIVER; LAKES C1 [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-10-3 PY 2009 BP 195 EP 215 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BKR87 UT WOS:000269040200012 ER PT B AU Jacks, S Sharon, S Kinnunen, RE Britton, DK Jensen, D Smith, SS AF Jacks, Stewart Sharon, Steve Kinnunen, Ronald E. Britton, David K. Jensen, Doug Smith, Scott S. BE Bonar, SA Hubert, WA Willis, DW TI Controlling the Spread of Invasive Species while Sampling SO STANDARD METHODS FOR SAMPLING NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; ECONOMIC COSTS C1 [Jacks, Stewart] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pinetop, AZ 85935 USA. [Jensen, Doug] Minnesota Sea Grant, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Kinnunen, Ronald E.] Michigan State Univ, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Sharon, Steve] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Casper Reg Off, Casper, WY 82604 USA. [Smith, Scott S.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Britton, David K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Jacks, S (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 39, Pinetop, AZ 85935 USA. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-10-3 PY 2009 BP 217 EP 222 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BKR87 UT WOS:000269040200013 ER PT B AU Miranda, LE AF Miranda, L. E. (Steve) BE Bonar, SA Hubert, WA Willis, DW TI Standardizing Electrofishing Power for Boat Electrofishing SO STANDARD METHODS FOR SAMPLING NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, PO Drawer BX, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 10 TC 21 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-10-3 PY 2009 BP 223 EP 230 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BKR87 UT WOS:000269040200014 ER PT B AU Brouder, MJ Iles, AC Bonar, SA AF Brouder, Mark J. Iles, Alison C. Bonar, Scott A. BE Bonar, SA Hubert, WA Willis, DW TI Length Frequency, Condition, Growth, and Catch per Effort Indices for Common North American Fishes SO STANDARD METHODS FOR SAMPLING NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; WEIGHT WS EQUATION; CATEGORIZATION STANDARDS; SIZE STRUCTURE C1 [Brouder, Mark J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland Natl Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Iles, Alison C.; Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Brouder, MJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland Natl Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-10-3 PY 2009 BP 231 EP 282 PG 52 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BKR87 UT WOS:000269040200015 ER PT J AU Smith, CG Culver, SJ Mallinson, DJ Riggs, SR Corbett, DR AF Smith, Christopher G. Culver, Stephen J. Mallinson, David J. Riggs, Stanley R. Corbett, D. Reide TI Recognizing former flood-tide deltas in the Holocene stratigraphic record from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC COAST RECORDS; BARRIER-ISLAND; SOUTH-CAROLINA; FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES; SEDIMENTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; PREHISTORIC HURRICANES; MARSH FORAMINIFERA; WASHOVER DEPOSITS; SALT-MARSH; VIRGINIA AB Foraminiferal and sedimentologic data were collected by vibracoring a small, relict, short-lived, migrating inlet (New Inlet) and its flood-tide delta on the Outer Banks, North Carolina. These data, placed in the context of geospatial data derived from ground penetrating radar, were developed into a stratigraphic model for this sedimentary environment. The model was applied to vibracores collected from two additional barrier island segments within which historic inlets had not been recorded to investigate whether inlets had existed in these segments in the past. Five foraminiferal biofacies were recognized within the three barrier island segments. Biofacies I through 5 are all associated with interior and back-barrier depositional environments but Biofacies 4 and 5 contained foraminifera indicating a sediment source on the shoreface or shallow inner shelf. Biofacies 4 and 5 thus represent overwash or flood-tide delta depositional settings. Utilizing the model as an interpretive tool, we recognized a previously undocumented inlet and flood-tide delta that existed prior to 962-662 cal. yrs BP, a few kilometers north of Rodanthe, NC. However, at a barrier island segment between Avon and Buxton, NC, the lack of information on stratal geometry and foraminiferal assemblages meant that it could not be determined whether this sedimentary succession was influenced more by overwash or inlet dynamics. Given the similarity of foraminiferal assemblages in overwash and flood-tide delta sediments, it is clear that additional lines of evidence (lithologic and geospatial) are required to recognize small-scale flood-tide delta deposits in the subsurface. C1 [Smith, Christopher G.; Culver, Stephen J.; Mallinson, David J.; Riggs, Stanley R.; Corbett, D. Reide] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Smith, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM cgsmith@usgs.gov FU North Carolina Coastal Geology Cooperative program (NCCGC); USGS [02ERAGO044] FX We thank J. Watson, L. Tully, 1. Abbene, K. Burdette, J. Weston-Friedrichs, J. Ricardo, D. Vance, P. Parham, S. Culver, Jr., and B. Horton for their assistance in the field. M. Robinson and R. McBride kindly reviewed the manuscript prior to submission. Permission to work on the Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge is gratefully acknowledged. This research is part of the North Carolina Coastal Geology Cooperative program (NCCGC). Funding for the USGS cooperative agreement award 02ERAGO044 is gratefully acknowledged. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 61 EP 78 PG 18 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 438HC UT WOS:000265545500005 ER PT J AU Wrege, BM Isely, JJ AF Wrege, Beth M. Isely, J. Jeffery TI High-resolution hydro- and geo-stratigraphy at Atlantic Coastal Plain drillhole CR-622 (Strat 8) SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; RIVER-BASIN; LOG AB We interpret borehole geophysical logs in conjunction with lithology developed from continuous core to produce high-resolution hydro- and geo-stratigraphic profiles for the drillhole CR-622 (Strat 8) in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina. The resulting hydrologic and stratigraphic columns show a generalized relation between hydrologic and geologic units. Fresh-water aquifers encountered are the surficial, Yorktown, Pungo River and Castle Hayne. Geologic units present are of the middle and upper Tertiary and Quaternary periods, these are the Castle Hayne (Eocene), Pungo River (Miocene), Yorktown (Pliocene), James City and Flanner Beach (Pleistocene), and the topsoil (Holocene). The River Bend Formation (Oligocene) is missing as a distinct unit between the Pungo River Formation and the Castle Hayne Formation. The confining unit underlying the Yorktown Aquifer corresponds to the Yorktown Geologic Unit. The remaining hydrologic units and geologic units are hydrologically transitional and non-coincident. The lower Pungo River Formation serves as the confining unit for the Castle Hayne Aquifer, rather than the River Bend Aquifer, and separates the Pungo River Aquifer from the upper Castle Hayne Aquifer. All geologic formations were bound by unconformitics. All aquifers were confined by the anticipated hydrologic units. We conclude that CR-622 (Strat 8) represents a normal sequence in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. C1 [Wrege, Beth M.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Raleigh, NC 27529 USA. [Isely, J. Jeffery] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Wrege, BM (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. EM bwrege@clemson.edu RI Wrege, Beth/B-4451-2008 NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 PG 8 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 438HC UT WOS:000265545500006 ER PT J AU Orndorff, RC AF Orndorff, Randall C. TI Set in Stone: The work of the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature Preface SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Orndorff, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 908 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM rorndorf@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 517IK UT WOS:000271606500001 ER PT J AU Orndorff, RC Stamm, N Craigg, S D'Erchia, T Edwards, L Fullerton, D Murchey, B Ruppert, L Soller, D Tew, B AF Orndorff, Randall C. Stamm, Nancy Craigg, Steven D'Erchia, Terry Edwards, Lucy Fullerton, David Murchey, Bonnie Ruppert, Leslie Soller, David Tew, Berry (Nick), Jr. CA US Geological Survey Geologic TI Divisions of geologic time - Major chronostratigraphic and geochronologic units SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article C1 [Orndorff, Randall C.; Stamm, Nancy; Craigg, Steven; D'Erchia, Terry; Edwards, Lucy; Fullerton, David; Murchey, Bonnie; Ruppert, Leslie; Soller, David; Tew, Berry (Nick), Jr.; US Geological Survey Geologic] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Orndorff, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rorndorf@usgs.gov OI Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 90 EP 92 PG 3 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 517IK UT WOS:000271606500002 ER PT J AU Owen, DE Lasca, NP Edwards, LE AF Owen, Donald E. Lasca, Norman P. Edwards, Lucy E. TI Report 11-Revised Articles of Organization and Procedure of the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article C1 [Owen, Donald E.] Lamar Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Lasca, Norman P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Edwards, Lucy E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Owen, DE (reprint author), Lamar Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. EM donald.owen@lamar.edu; nplasca@uwm.edu; leedward@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 183 EP 184 PG 2 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 517IK UT WOS:000271606500009 ER PT J AU Robinson, MM AF Robinson, Marci M. TI New quantitative evidence of extreme warmth in the Pliocene Arctic SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE COVER; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; LONG-CHAIN ALKENONES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LATE TERTIARY; GLOBAL WARMTH; NORDIC SEAS; OCEAN; MAGNESIUM AB The most recent geologic interval characterized by warm temperatures similar to those projected for the end of this century occurred about 3.3 to 3.0 Ma, during the mid-Piacenzian Age of the Pliocene Epoch. Climate reconstructions of this warm period are integral to both understanding past warm climate equilibria and to predicting responses to today's transient climate. The Arctic Ocean is of particular interest because in this region climate proxies are rare, and climate models struggle to predict climate sensitivity and the response of sea ice. In order to provide the first quantitative climate data from this region during this interval, sea surface temperatures (SST) were estimated from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 907 and 909 in the Nordic Seas and from Site 911 in the Arctic Ocean based on Mg/Ca of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sin) and alkenone unsaturation indices, Evidence of much warmer than modern conditions in the Arctic Ocean during the mid-Piacenzian with temperatures as high as 18 C is presented. In addition, SST anomalies (mid-Piacenzian minus modern) increase with latitude across the North Atlantic and into the Arctic, extending and confirming a reduced mid-Piacenzian pole-to-equator temperature gradient. The agreement between proxies and with previously documented qualitative assessments of intense warming in this region corroborate a poleward transport of heat and an at least seasonally ice-free Arctic, conditions that may serve as a possible analog to future climate if the current rate of Arctic sea-ice reduction continues. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Robinson, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mmrobinson@usgs.gov FU USGS FX Thanks to the Ocean Drilling Program for access to samples, the USGS Office of Global Change, and the USGS Mendenhall Fellowship Program. Thanks to T. Herbert, G. Dwyer, T. Cronin, K. Lawrence, D. Willard and especially H. Dowsett for early reviews and critical discussions and to N. Durika, R. Caballero and K. Renaud for technical assistance. Comments and suggestions by David Bowen and Mark Williams are appreciated as they improved the quality of this paper. This research is a product of the USGS PRISM Project. NR 67 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 12 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 265 EP 275 PG 11 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 553KF UT WOS:000274364700001 ER PT S AU von Huene, R AF von Huene, R. BE Lallemand, S Funiciello, F TI Convergent Margin Structure in High-Quality Geophysical Images and Current Kinematic and Dynamic Models SO SUBDUCTION ZONE GEODYNAMICS SE Frontiers in Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Subduction Zone Geodynamics Conference CY JUN 04-07, 2007 CL Montpellier, FRANCE DE Convergent margins; Subduction erosion; Accretion ID SPREADING-RIDGE SUBDUCTION; MAKRAN ACCRETIONARY WEDGE; MIDDLE AMERICA TRENCH; CHILE TRIPLE JUNCTION; SEDIMENT SUBDUCTION; SEAMOUNT SUBDUCTION; MELANGE FORMATION; SEISMOGENIC ZONE; PRISM ACCRETION; PLATE BOUNDARY AB Understanding the mechanics of convergent margins is fundamental to assessing risks from earthquakes and trans-oceanic tsunamis. Marine observations of the past decade have advanced that understanding. A once commonly inferred accreted wedge extending from trench axes to shelves is now resolved into 3 domains of different mechanics in space, that vary during an earthquake cycle. The frontal prism increases weight oil subducting materials elevating pore fluid pressure and reducing interplate friction. The middle prism is moderately stable and merges into the more stable margin framework of the inner prism beneath the upper slope and shelf. Significant accretion Occurs as material from the frontal prism is added to the middle prism. Accretion is common along thickly (>1 km) sedimented trenches and slowly converging margins. Rapid convergence enhances the efficiency of sediment subduction and subduction erosion. The subduction channel on the lower plate accepts a finite amount of trench sediment and my excess is added to the frontal prism oil the upper plate. Erosion beneath the middle slope contributes material to the subduction channel. Erosion and accretion call be coeval, for instance, subducted seamounts erode the upper plate as adjacent sediment accretes. The chan-e in strain during interseismic locking that is released during coseismic slip, changes the dynamics of each segment in time. This helps explain extensional normal faults ill a converging plate environment. Recent observations provide information for a unifying framework concept to aid interpretations of both accreting and eroding margins. C1 US Geol Survey, Diamond Springs, CA 95619 USA. RP von Huene, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4300 Carlson Way, Diamond Springs, CA 95619 USA. EM rhuene@mindspring.com NR 65 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1863-4621 BN 978-3-540-87971-8 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI SER PY 2009 BP 137 EP 157 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJG29 UT WOS:000265604100008 ER PT J AU Langer, W AF Langer, W. BE Khatib, JM TI Sustainability of aggregates in construction SO SUSTAINABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE aggregate; gravel; crushed stone; sustainability AB Aggregate consists of manufactured crushed stone and sand created by crushing bedrock, and naturally occurring unconsolidated sand and gravel. The infrastructure created using aggregate is a major contributor to our current standard of living. Maintaining our lifestyle, passing that lifestyle on to our progeny, and supporting others to achieve developed nation status, will require huge amounts of aggregate. This chapter describes the aggregate industry and sustainable aggregate resource management, including the complex environmental, societal, and social issues associated with the exploration, mining, processing, transportation, and recycling of aggregate resources, and the reclamation of mined-out aggregate deposits. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80025 USA. RP Langer, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 973,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80025 USA. EM blanger@usgs.gov NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-349-7 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2009 BP 1 EP 30 DI 10.1533/9781845695842.1 D2 10.1533/9781845695842 PG 30 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BOE40 UT WOS:000276377800002 ER PT S AU Brantley, SL White, AF AF Brantley, Susan L. White, Art F. BE Oelkers, EH Schott, J TI Approaches to Modeling Weathered Regolith SO THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF WATER-ROCK INTERACTION SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review CT 19th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Mineralog Soc Amer, Geochem Soc ID PUERTO-RICO; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; LONG-TERM; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; SILICATE MINERALS; MASS-BALANCE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL CHRONOSEQUENCE; VIRGINIA PIEDMONT; CHEMICAL AFFINITY C1 [Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [White, Art F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brantley, SL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM brantley@essc.psu.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CHE-0431328]; U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER 15675]; NSF FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant Number CHE-0431328 and by the U.S. Dept. of Energy Grant number DE-FG02-05ER 15675 to SLB. NSF funding for the Critical Zone Exploration Network, to SLB, is also acknowledged. We thank A. Navarre-Sitchler, J. Bandstra, E. Hausrath, H. Buss, J. Williams, and L. Jin for help with figures and for their insights. We thank E.Oelkers and J. Rosso for editorial patience. NR 103 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 25 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 978-0-939950-84-3 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2009 VL 70 BP 435 EP 484 DI 10.2138/rmg.2009.70.10 PG 50 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BKQ15 UT WOS:000268929000010 ER PT B AU Jaumann, R Kirk, RL Lorenz, RD Lopes, RMC Stofan, E Turtle, EP Keller, HU Wood, CA Sotin, C Soderblom, LA Tomasko, MG AF Jaumann, Ralf Kirk, Randolph L. Lorenz, Ralph D. Lopes, Rosaly M. C. Stofan, Ellen Turtle, Elizabeth P. Keller, Horst Uwe Wood, Charles A. Sotin, Christophe Soderblom, Laurence A. Tomasko, Martin G. BE Brown, RH Lebreton, JP Waite, JH TI Geology and Surface Processes on Titan SO TITAN FROM CASSINI-HUYGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUYGENS LANDING SITE; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DESCENT IMAGER/SPECTRAL RADIOMETER; CASSINI RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MAPPING SPECTROMETER VIMS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; TIDAL DISSIPATION; IMAGING SCIENCE; SATURN SYSTEM; MU-M AB The surface of Titan has been revealed globally, if incompletely, by Cassini observations at infrared and radar wavelengths as well as locally by the instruments on the Huygens probe. Extended dune fields, lakes, mountainous terrain, dendritic erosion patterns and erosional remnants indicate dynamic surface processes. Valleys, small-scale gullies and rounded cobbles such as those observed at the Huygens landing site require erosion by energetic flow of a liquid. There is strong evidence that liquid hydrocarbons are ponded on the surface in high-latitude lakes, predominantly, but not exclusively, at high northern latitudes. A variety of features including extensive flows and caldera-like constructs are interpreted to be cryovolcanic in origin. Chains and isolated blocks of rugged terrain rising from smoother areas are best described as mountains and might be related to tectonic processes. Finally, impact craters are observed but their small numbers indicate that the crater retention age is very young overall. In general, Titan exhibits a geologically active surface indicating significant endogenic and exogenic processes, with diverse geophysical and atmospheric processes reminiscent of those on Earth. C1 [Jaumann, Ralf] DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Jaumann, Ralf] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. [Kirk, Randolph L.; Soderblom, Laurence A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lorenz, Ralph D.; Turtle, Elizabeth P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Lopes, Rosaly M. C.; Sotin, Christophe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stofan, Ellen] Proxemy Res, Rectortown, VA 20140 USA. [Keller, Horst Uwe] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Wood, Charles A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Tomasko, Martin G.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Jaumann, R (reprint author), DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM ralf.jaumann@dlr.de RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 NR 230 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-9214-5 PY 2009 BP 75 EP 140 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9215-2_5 PG 66 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BMN07 UT WOS:000272894300005 ER PT B AU Soderblom, LA Barnes, JW Brown, RH Clark, RN Janssen, MA McCord, TB Niemann, HB Tomasko, MG AF Soderblom, L. A. Barnes, J. W. Brown, R. H. Clark, R. N. Janssen, M. A. McCord, T. B. Niemann, H. B. Tomasko, M. G. BE Brown, RH Lebreton, JP Waite, JH TI Composition of Titan's Surface SO TITAN FROM CASSINI-HUYGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUYGENS LANDING SITE; DESCENT IMAGER/SPECTRAL RADIOMETER; MAPPING SPECTROMETER VIMS; COMPLEX ORGANIC-MATTER; CASSINI RADAR; ICY SATELLITES; MU-M; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA AB The Huygens Probe returned the first in situ data on Titan's surface composition in January 2005. Although Huygens landed on a dry plain, the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) showed evidence of methane moisture in the near subsurface suggesting methane precipitation at some time in the past. Heavier organic molecules were not found to be abundant in the atmosphere or at the surface, but the GCMS surface results did show ethane to be present and tentatively identified cyanogen, benzene, and carbon dioxide. During descent, aerosol particles were processed with the Aerosol Collector and Pyroliser; results suggested that the aerosols contain both nitrites and hydrocarbons. The Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR also carried by the probe) measured the visible and near-infrared spectral reflectance of the dark plain surface at the landing site. Those data suggest a mixture of water ice, tholin-like materials, and dark neutral material with a blue slope in the near infrared; identification of water ice is suggested but inconclusive. Most remarkably DISR did not detect spectral features, beyond those for methane, for a wide range of spectrally active hydrocarbon and nitrile compounds that had been expected to be present on the surface. C1 [Soderblom, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. [Barnes, J. W.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Brown, R. H.; Tomasko, M. G.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Janssen, M. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [McCord, T. B.] Bear Fight Ctr, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Niemann, H. B.] NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Soderblom, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. EM lsoderblom@usgs.gov NR 128 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-9214-5 PY 2009 BP 141 EP 175 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9215-2_6 PG 35 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BMN07 UT WOS:000272894300006 ER PT B AU Stephan, K Jaumann, R Karkoschka, E Kirk, RL Barnes, JW Tomasko, MG Turtle, EP Le Corre, L Langhans, M Le Mouelic, S Lorenz, RD Perry, J AF Stephan, Katrin Jaumann, Ralf Karkoschka, Erich Kirk, Randolph L. Barnes, Jason W. Tomasko, Martin G. Turtle, Elizabeth P. Le Corre, Lucille Langhans, Mirjam Le Mouelic, Stephane Lorenz, Ralph D. Perry, Jason BE Brown, RH Lebreton, JP Waite, JH TI Mapping Products of Titan's Surface SO TITAN FROM CASSINI-HUYGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RADAR MAPPER; HUYGENS PROBE; LANDING SITE; CASSINI/VIMS; DESCENT; IMAGES; RAIN AB Remote sensing instruments aboard the Cassini spacecraft have been observed the surface of Titan globally in the infrared and radar wavelength ranges as well as locally by the Huygens instruments revealing a wealth of new morphological features indicating a geologically active surface. We present a summary of mapping products of Titan's surface derived from data of the remote sensing instruments onboard the Cassini spacecraft (ISS, VIMS, RADAR) as well as the Huygens probe (DISR) that were achieved during the nominal Cassini mission including an overview of Titan's recent nomenclature. C1 [Stephan, Katrin; Jaumann, Ralf; Langhans, Mirjam] DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Karkoschka, Erich; Tomasko, Martin G.; Perry, Jason] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Turtle, Elizabeth P.; Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Le Corre, Lucille; Le Mouelic, Stephane] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, UMR6112, F-44072 Nantes 3, France. RP Stephan, K (reprint author), DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM Katrin.Stephan@dlr.de RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-9214-5 PY 2009 BP 489 EP 510 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9215-2_19 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BMN07 UT WOS:000272894300019 ER PT J AU Leung, YF Marion, JL Farrell, TA AF Leung, Yu-Fai Marion, Jeffrey L. Farrell, Tracy A. BE McCool, SF Moisey, RN TI Recreation Ecology in Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism: a Strengthening Role SO TOURISM, RECREATION AND SUSTAINABILITY, 2ND EDITION: LINKING CULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARRYING-CAPACITY; IMPACT MANAGEMENT; PROTECTED AREAS; NATIONAL-PARK; COSTA-RICA; WILDERNESS; CAMPSITES; SURVIVAL; TRAILS; CHINA C1 [Leung, Yu-Fai] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Pk Recreat & Tourism Management, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Marion, Jeffrey L.] Virginia Tech, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Farrell, Tracy A.] Conservat Int, Strateg Projects Programs & Sci, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Leung, YF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Pk Recreat & Tourism Management, Box 7106,5107 Jordan Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Leung@ncsu.edu NR 92 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-470-5 PY 2009 BP 19 EP 37 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BWC61 UT WOS:000293454900004 ER PT J AU Ostberg, CO Pavlov, SD Hauser, L AF Ostberg, C. O. Pavlov, S. D. Hauser, L. TI Evolutionary Relationships among Sympatric Life History Forms of Dolly Varden Inhabiting the Landlocked Kronotsky Lake, Kamchatka, and a Neighboring Anadromous Population SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ECOTYPES COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS-MITCHILL; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; ARCTIC CHARR; ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION; TROPHIC SPECIALIZATION; PARALLEL EVOLUTION; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; ADAPTIVE RADIATION AB We investigated the evolutionary relationships among five sympatric morphs of Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma (white, Schmidti, longhead, river, and dwarf) inhabiting landlocked Kronotsky Lake oil the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, and all anadromous population below the barrier waterfall oil the outflowing Kronotsky River. Morphological analyses indicated phenotypic differentiation corresponding to preferred habitat, the longhead (a limnetic piscivorous, morph) having a fusiform body, long jaw, and short fins and the Schmidti (a benthic morph) having a robust body, small jaw, and long fills. Analysis of molecular variance among the Kronotsky Lake morphs indicated that contemporary gene flow is restricted both among morphs Within locations and among locations within morphs. Gene flow front Kronotsky Lake into the anadromous population also appears to be restricted. Our findings indicate that there are two divergent evolutionary lineages, one consisting of the white, Schmidti, river, and dwarf morphs and the other of the longhead morph and the anadromous population, Which Suggests that Kronotsky Like was Subject to separate waves of immigration. The Kronotsky Lake Dolly Varden morphs may represent an example of ecological speciation in progress, and we present a working hypothesis for the diversification of morphs within Kronotsky Lake. C1 [Ostberg, C. O.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Pavlov, S. D.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Ichthyol, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Hauser, L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Ostberg, CO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM carl_ostberg@usgs.gov RI Hauser, Lorenz/E-4365-2010 NR 62 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 138 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1577/T08-016.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EH UT WOS:000268500900001 ER PT J AU Korman, J Yard, M Walters, C Coggins, LG AF Korman, Josh Yard, Mike Walters, Carl Coggins, Lewis G. TI Effects of Fish Size, Habitat, Flow, and Density on Capture Probabilities of Age-0 Rainbow Trout Estimated from Electrofishing at Discrete Sites in a Large River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MARK-RECAPTURE; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; STREAMS; ABUNDANCE; MOVEMENT; GROWTH; BROWN; BROOK AB We estimated size-specific capture probabilities of age-0 rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Lee's Ferry Reach of the Colorado River, Arizona, by backpack and boat electrofishing at discrete shoreline sites using both depletion and mark-recapture experiments. Our objectives were to evaluate the feasibility of estimating capture probability for juvenile fish in larger rivers: to determine how it is influenced by fish size, habitat, flow. density, and recovery period: and to test population closure assumptions. There was no mortality among the 35 1 rainbow trout that were captured by electrofishing, marked. and held for 24 h. Of a total of 2,966 fish that were marked and released, only 0.61% were captured outside of mark-recapture sites, and total emigration front mark-recapture sites was 2.2-2.6%. These data strongly suggest that populations within discrete sites can be treated as effectively closed for the 24-h period between marking and recapture. Eighty percent of capture probability estimates from 66 depletion experiments and 42 mark-recapture experiments ranged from 0.28 to 0.75 and from 0.17 to 0.45, respectively, and the average coefficient of variation of estimates was 0.26. There was strong support for a fish size-capture probability relationship that accounted for the differences in vulnerability across habitat types. Smaller fish were less vulnerable in high-angle shorelines that were sampled by boat electrofishing. There was little support for capture probability models that accounted for within-day and across-month variation in flow. The effects of fish density on capture probability were challenging to discern, variable among habitat types and estimation methodologies, and confounded with the effect of fish size. As capture probability estimates were generally precise and the closure assumption was met, our results demonstrate that electrofishing-based mark-recapture experiments at discrete sites can be used to estimate the abundance of juvenile fish in large rivers. C1 [Korman, Josh] Ecometr Res Inc, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. [Korman, Josh] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. [Yard, Mike] EcoNatura, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Walters, Carl] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Coggins, Lewis G.] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Korman, J (reprint author), Ecometr Res Inc, 3560 W 22nd Ave, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. EM jkorman@ecometric.com RI Walters, Carl/D-5714-2012 NR 36 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 138 IS 1 BP 58 EP 75 DI 10.1577/T08-025.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EH UT WOS:000268500900006 ER PT J AU Robinson, TC Sorensen, PW Bayer, JM Seelye, JG AF Robinson, T. Craig Sorensen, Peter W. Bayer, Jennifer M. Seelye, James G. TI Olfactory Sensitivity of Pacific Lampreys to Lamprey Bile Acids SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA LAMPREY; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; RIVER; WATER AB Pacific lampreys Lampetra tridentata are in decline throughout much of their historical range in the Columbia River basin. In support of restoration efforts, we tested whether larval and adult lamprey bile acids serve as migratory and spawning pheromones in adult Pacific lampreys. as they do in sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus. The olfactory sensitivity of adult Pacific lampreys to lamprey bile acids was measured by electro-olfactogram recording front the time of their capture in the spring until their spawning in June of the following year. As controls, we tested L-arginine and a non-lamprey bile acid, taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLS). Migrating adult Pacific lampreys were highly sensitive to petromyzonol Sulfate (a component of the sea lamprey migratory pheromone) and 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (a component of the sea lamprey sex pheromone) when first captured. This sensitivity persisted throughout their long migratory and overwinter holding period before declining to nearly Unmeasurable levels by the time of spawning. The absolute magnitudes of adult Pacific lamprey responses to lamprey bile acids were smaller than those of the sea lamprey, and unlike the sea lamprey. the Pacific lamprey did not appear to detect TLS. No sexual dimorphism was noted in olfactory sensitivity. Thus, Pacific lampreys are broadly similar to sea lamprey.,; in showing sensitivity to the major lamprey bile acids but apparently differ in having it longer period of sensitivity to those acids. The potential utility of bile acid-like pheromones in the restoration of Pacific lampreys warrants their further investigation in this species. C1 [Robinson, T. Craig; Bayer, Jennifer M.; Seelye, James G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Sorensen, Peter W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bayer, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jennifer_bayer@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 138 IS 1 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1577/T07-233.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EH UT WOS:000268500900013 ER PT J AU Banish, NP Adams, BJ Shively, RS Mazur, MM Beauchamp, DA Wood, TM AF Banish, Nolan P. Adams, Barbara J. Shively, Rip S. Mazur, Michael M. Beauchamp, David A. Wood, Tamara M. TI Distribution and Habitat Associations of Radio-Tagged Adult Lost River Suckers and Shortnose Suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; HYPEREUTROPHIC LAKE; HOME-RANGE; FISH; TRANSMITTERS; MOVEMENT; SHALLOW AB Radiotelemetry was used to investigate the summer distribution and diet habitat associations of endangered adult Lost River suckers Deltistes luxatus and shortnose Suckers Chasmistes brevirostris ill northern Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. From 2002 to 2004, Lost River and shortnose Suckers were tracked by boat. and water depth and water quality were Measured at each fish location. A series of water quality monitors were deployed in northern Upper Klamath Lake to provide temporal information oil ambient temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen, and water samples were collected to assess chlorophyll a concentration. Stickers moved into northern Upper Klamath Lake during June and began to leave lit late September cacti year. Kernel density estimates revealed differences in the distribution in the northern portion of Upper Klamath Lake lit 2002 and 2004. lit 2003, however, both Lost River and shortnose suckers were commonly located within and offshore front Pelican Bay, a shallow (1.0-2.0 m), ground water-influenced area of Upper Klamath Lake. This was especially obvious beginning in late July of 2003, concurrent with reduced dissolved oxygen levels (<4.0 mg/L) in the northern portion of Upper Klamath Lake that resulted from a die-off of the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Both Lost River and shortnose suckers were generally associated with water depths greater than the mean depth (2.9 m) of northern Upper Klamath Lake. Evidence ratios did not suggest died differences in depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, or pH at sticker locations. Both Lost River and shortnose suckers generally occupied depths greater than 2.0 m. except when suckers Sought refuge in Pelican Bay during periods of poor water quality. Despite the potential for increased avian predation, suckers appeared to benefit front moving into Pelican Bay rather than staying in areas where dissolved oxygen was low. Pelican Bay appears to he an important refugium and thus, may be important for sucker conservation. C1 [Banish, Nolan P.; Adams, Barbara J.; Shively, Rip S.] US Geol Survey, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wood, Tamara M.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Banish, NP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1936 Calif Ave, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. EM nolan_banish@fws.gov NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 138 IS 1 BP 153 EP 168 DI 10.1577/T07-252.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EH UT WOS:000268500900014 ER PT J AU Clemens, BJ Clements, SP Karnowski, MD Jepsen, DB Gitelman, AI Schreck, CB AF Clemens, Benjamin J. Clements, Shaun P. Karnowski, Mark D. Jepsen, David B. Gitelman, Alix I. Schreck, Carl B. TI Effects of Transportation and Other Factors on Survival Estimates of Juvenile Salmonids in the Unimpounded Lower Columbia River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; YEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; LOWER SNAKE RIVER; DELAYED MORTALITY; TRAVEL-TIME; COHO SALMON; PREDATION; ESTUARY; BASIN; STEELHEAD AB We estimated the survival of juvenile salmonids out-migrating through the lower Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. We tested the null hypotheses that no association exists between survival and transportation type (including barge transportation and in-river migration with no transportation), release date, river flow. mean body weight, and tag type. During 2002-2004. spring-summer (SS) and fall Chinook salmon Onchorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss were implanted with uniquely coded radio or acoustic transmitter Lags and released during the early, middle. and late out-migration periods. A series of receiver lines were used to detect these fish and estimate survival. Estimated survival varied considerably with transportation type and release date for fall Chinook salmon and steelhead. but the results were dependent upon year. Estimated survival between the lowermost dam (Bonneville Dam) and the upper estuary (river kilometer 46) was relatively high for SS Chinook salmon and steelhead. whereas estimates for fall Chinook salmon were comparatively low. This order of high to low survival for SS Chinook salmon-steelhead, and fall Chinook salmon corresponds with the chronology of out-migration timing and waning rivet flows. After accounting for it number of factors. estimated survival between Bonneville Dam and the tipper-estuary site did not differ significantly between steelhead that were barged and those that migrated in-river during 2002 and 2003. Conversely, estimated survival to the upper-estuary site was quite low for barged fall Chinook salmon in comparison with fish migrating in-river during the middle and late release dates in 2003. Hypotheses for the low survival of barged fall Chinook salmon are presented and discussed. C1 [Clemens, Benjamin J.; Clements, Shaun P.; Karnowski, Mark D.; Jepsen, David B.; Schreck, Carl B.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Clemens, Benjamin J.; Clements, Shaun P.; Karnowski, Mark D.; Jepsen, David B.; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gitelman, Alix I.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Clemens, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ben.clemens@oregonstate.edu NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 138 IS 1 BP 169 EP 188 DI 10.1577/T07-090.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EH UT WOS:000268500900015 ER PT J AU Warren, DR Ernst, AG Baldigo, BP AF Warren, Dana R. Ernst, Anne G. Baldigo, Barry P. TI Influence of Spring Floods on Year-Class Strength of Fall- and Spring-Spawning Salmonids in Catskill Mountain Streams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BROOK TROUT POPULATION; LAKE DISTRICT STREAMS; BROWN TROUT; FISH POPULATIONS; NEW-YORK; CONTRASTING POPULATIONS; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; HABITAT AB Climate change in northeastern North America has already led to earlier snowmelt and increases in the magnitude and frequency of large storms; associated changes are expected to intensify over the next several decades. Alterations in flooding regimes associated with climate change have the potential to negatively affect fish species with earlier fry emergence and alter the fish communities in tributary streams where fall- and spring-spawning salmonids coexist or where there may be invasion potential by a given species. This 6-year study (2002-2007) assessed the effects of the timing and magnitude of spring flood events on year-class strength in sympatric Populations of fall-spawning brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, fall-spawning brown trout Salmo trutta. and spring-spawning rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The relative abundances, of young-of-year (age-0) and age-1 fall- and spring-spawning salmonids were documented for 4 and 6 years in streams from two watersheds in the Catskill Mountains, New York. Fall-spawning age-0 fish dominated in all years except 2005. 111 spring 2005 it large flood occurred at nearly the same time of year as file 2004 snowmelt, but discharge wits nearly an order of magnitude greater. The dominant salmonid for that year-class shifted to rainbow trout, but fall-spawned age-0 trout were again dominant in the following year. These results indicate that the timing and magnitude of spring high flows can increase the relative abundance of spring-spawning age-0 salmonids, decrease the abundance of fall-spawning age-0 salmonids, or both. The overall dominance of fall-spawned fish appears to be resilient its long as displacing floods occur a few years apart. If the trend toward larger, more frequent, and earlier spring floods Continues, differential survival of age-0 fish of the three salmonid species will probably cause shifts in the dominant trout species in many Catskill Mountain streams. C1 [Warren, Dana R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ernst, Anne G.; Baldigo, Barry P.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Warren, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM dana.warren@noaa.gov RI Warren, Dana/G-5600-2012 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 138 IS 1 BP 200 EP 210 DI 10.1577/T08-046.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EH UT WOS:000268500900017 ER PT S AU Kolpin, DW Battaglin, WA Conn, KE Furlong, ET Glassmeyer, ST Kalkhoff, SJ Meyer, MT Schnoebelen, DJ AF Kolpin, Dana W. Battaglin, William A. Conn, Kathleen E. Furlong, Edward T. Glassmeyer, Susan T. Kalkhoff, Steven J. Meyer, Michael T. Schnoebelen, Douglas J. BE Boxall, ABA TI Occurrence of Transformation Products in the Environment SO TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS OF SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT SE Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Ground water; Surface water; Transformation products ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; IN-GROUND WATER; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; SURFACE WATERS; HERBICIDE CONCENTRATIONS AB Historically, most environmental occurrence research has focused on the parent compounds of organic contaminants. Research, however, has documented that the environmental transport of chemicals, such as pesticides and emerging contaminants, are substantially underestimated if transformation products are not considered. Although most examples described herein were drawn from research conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, such results are generally reflective of those found in other parts of the world. Results from a study of 51 streams in the Midwestern United States found that transformation products were seven of the ten most frequently detected pesticide compounds in late spring runoff (after application of pre-emergent herbicides), and nine of the ten most frequently detected compounds in fall season runoff (during and after harvest). In fact, 70% of the total herbicide concentration in water from the Mississippi River Basin was from transformation products. Results from a study of 86 municipal wells in Iowa found the frequency of detection increased from 17%, when pesticide parent compounds were considered, to 53%, when both parents and transformation products were considered. Transformation products were 12 of the 15 most frequently detected compounds for this groundwater study. Although studies on transformation products of synthetic organic compounds other than pesticides are not as common, wastewater treatment plant discharges have repeatedly been shown to contribute such transformation products to streams. In addition, select detergent transformation products have been commonly found in solid waste in the 1000's mg/kg. These findings and many others document that transformation products must be considered to fully assess the potential environmental occurrence of chemical contaminants and their transport and fate in various compartments of the hydrologic system. C1 [Kolpin, Dana W.; Kalkhoff, Steven J.; Schnoebelen, Douglas J.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. [Battaglin, William A.; Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Conn, Kathleen E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Glassmeyer, Susan T.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Kolpin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. EM dwkolpin@usgs.gov RI Glassmeyer, Susan/E-5004-2017; OI Glassmeyer, Susan/0000-0002-0538-5793; Kalkhoff, Stephen/0000-0003-4110-1716; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 84 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-6863 BN 978-3-540-88272-5 J9 HANDB ENVIRON CHEM JI Handb. Environ. Chem. PY 2009 VL 2 BP 83 EP 100 DI 10.1007/698_2_011 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-88273-2 PN P PG 18 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLY70 UT WOS:000271458600004 ER PT J AU Anders, R Chrysikopoulos, CV AF Anders, Robert Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos V. TI Transport of Viruses Through Saturated and Unsaturated Columns Packed with Sand SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE Bacteriophage; Virus transport; Unsaturated flow; Virus inactivation; Interface mass transfer; Mathematical modeling ID INACTIVATION RATE COEFFICIENTS; WATER-SOLID INTERFACE; POROUS-MEDIA; COLLOID TRANSPORT; ANALYTICAL-MODELS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; BACTERIOPHAGE; ADSORPTION; SURVIVAL; REMOVAL AB Laboratory-scale virus transport experiments were conducted in columns packed with sand under saturated and unsaturated conditions. The viruses employed were the male-specific RNA coliphage, MS2, and the Salmonella typhimurium phage, PRD1. The mathematical model developed by Sim and Chrysikopoulos (Water Resour Res 36:173-179, 2000) that accounts for processes responsible for removal of viruses during vertical transport in one-dimensional, unsaturated porous media was used to fit the data collected from the laboratory experiments. The liquid to liquid-solid and liquid to air-liquid interface mass transfer rate coefficients were shown to increase for both bacteriophage as saturation levels were reduced. The experimental results indicate that even for unfavorable attachment conditions within a sand column (e.g., phosphate-buffered saline solution; pH = 7.5; ionic strength = 2 mM), saturation levels can affect virus transport through porous media. C1 [Anders, Robert] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Anders, Robert] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos V.] Univ Patras, Dept Civil Engn, Patras 26500, Greece. RP Anders, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd,Ste 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM randers@usgs.gov; gios@upatras.gr RI Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos/F-1783-2013 OI Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos/0000-0003-4722-8697 FU County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County; Water Replenishment District of Southern California; Hellenic Republic Ministry of Development: General Secretariat for Research Development [05NON-EU-120]; EU [I3101034/PRIMAC] FX This work was partially sponsored by the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County and the Water Replenishment District of Southern California as part of the Soil Aquifer Treatment for Sustainable Water Reuse research program, the Hellenic Republic Ministry of Development: General Secretariat for Research & Development under Award Number 05NON-EU-120, and by the EU under INTERREG IIIA Greece-Italy research grant I3101034/PRIMAC. The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views of the agencies and no endorsement should be inferred. NR 57 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD JAN PY 2009 VL 76 IS 1 BP 121 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3 PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 397TP UT WOS:000262685300008 ER PT B AU Mooney, WD AF Mooney, W. D. BE Schubert, G Romanowicz, B Dziewonski, A TI Crust and Lithospheric Structure - Global Crustal Structure SO TREATISE ON GEOPHYSICS, VOL 1: SEISMOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; UPPER-MANTLE STRUCTURE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SEISMIC VELOCITY STRUCTURE; LOWER CONTINENTAL-CRUST; TRAVEL-TIME TOMOGRAPHY; SURFACE-WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RECEIVER-FUNCTION-ANALYSIS; OCEAN-BOTTOM SEISMOMETER C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mooney, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 746 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-444-53575-7; 978-0-444-53459-0 PY 2009 BP 361 EP 417 PG 57 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BA4BA UT WOS:000335316500012 ER PT J AU Mitchell, MS Pacifici, LB Grand, JB Powell, RA AF Mitchell, Michael S. Pacifici, Lara B. Grand, James B. Powell, Roger A. TI Contributions of vital rates to growth of a protected population of American black bears SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE American black bear; elasticity; life table response experiments; North Carolina; population growth rate; population modeling; sensitivity; Southern Appalachians; Ursus americanus; vital rates ID BANFF-NATIONAL-PARK; DEMOGRAPHIC-ANALYSES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; URSUS-AMERICANUS; LARGE HERBIVORES; SURVIVAL RATES; MATRIX MODELS; DYNAMICS; REPRODUCTION; CONSERVATION AB Analyses of large, long-lived animals suggest that adult survival generally has the potential to contribute more than reproduction to population growth rate (lambda), but because survival varies little, high variability in reproduction can have a greater influence. This pattern has been documented for several species of large mammals, but few studies have evaluated such contributions of vital rates to lambda for American black bears (Ursus americanus). We used variance-based perturbation analyses (life table response experiments, LTRE) and analytical sensitivity and elasticity analyses to examine the actual and potential contributions of variation of vital rates to variation in growth rate (lambda) of a population of black bears inhabiting the Pisgah Bear Sanctuary in the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina, using a 22-year dataset. We round that recruitment varied more than other vital rates; LTRE analyses conducted over several time intervals thus indicated that recruitment generally contributed at least as much as juvenile and adult survival to observed variation in lambda, even though the latter 2 vital rates had the greater potential to affect lambda. Our findings are consistent with predictions from Studies on polar bears (U. maritimus) and grizzly bears (U. arctos), but contrast with the few existing studies on black bears in ways that suggest levels of protection from human-caused mortality might explain whether adult survival or recruitment contribute most to variation in lambda for this species. We hypothesize that lambda is most strongly influenced by recruitment in protected populations where adult survival is relatively high and constant, whereas adult survival will most influence lambda for unprotected populations. C1 [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Pacifici, Lara B.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Powell, Roger A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mitchell, MS (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mike.mitchell@umontana.edu RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 FU Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees for North Carolina State University [IACUC 96-011]; Auburn University [IACUC 0208-R-2410] FX We thank L.S. Mills, D.N. Koons, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful reviews of this manuscript. Graduate students G. Warburton, J. Zimmerman, P. Horner, M. Fritz, E. Seaman, J. Noel, A. Kovach, V. Sorensen, T. Langer, J. Favreau, J. Sevin, and M. Reynolds helped us collect data, along with over 3 dozen undergraduate interns, technicians, and approximately 250 Earthwatch volunteers. Our research received financial and logistical support from B. Bacon and K. Hailpern, J. Busse, Citibank Corp., the Columbus Zoo Conservation Fund, the Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, Earthwatch/The Center for Field Research, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-57 administered through the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Grand Valley State University McNairs Scholars Program, International Association for Bear Research and Management, G. King and D. King, McIntire Stennis funds, the National Geographic Society, the National Park Service, the National Rifle Association, the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Port Clyde and Stinson Canning Companies, 3 M Company, the US Forest Service, Wildlands Research Institute, Wil-Burt Corporation, Wildlink Incorporated, and Wyoming Chapter of the Wildlife Society Memorial Bear Fund. All bears were captured and handled in compliance with requirements of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees for North Carolina State University (IACUC# 96-011) and Auburn University (IACUC # 0208-R-2410). NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 34 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2009 VL 20 IS 2 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.2192/1537-6176-20.2.77 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 531TJ UT WOS:000272691400001 ER PT J AU Greenleaf, SS Matthews, SM Wright, RG Beecham, JJ Leithead, HM AF Greenleaf, Schuyler S. Matthews, Sean M. Wright, R. Gerald Beecham, John J. Leithead, H. Malia TI Food habits of American black bears as a metric for direct management of human-bear conflict in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE American black bear; California; food habits; habituation; human-bear conflict; non-native vegetation; tourism; Ursus americanus; Yosemite National Park; Yosemite Valley AB The management of human-American black bear (Ursus americanus) conflict has been of significant concern for Yosemite National Park (YNP) personnel since the 1920s. Park managers implemented the YNP Human-Bear Management Plan in 1975 in an effort to reduce human-bear conflicts, especially in the extensively developed Yosemite Valley (YV). We used scat analysis to estimate annual and seasonal food habits of black bears in YV during 2001-02. We assessed the success of efforts to reduce the availability of anthropogenic foods, including garbage, by examining changes in the diet compared to a study from 1974-78 (Graber 1981). We also quantified consumption of non-native fruit to address its possible contribution to human-bear conflicts. The annual percent volume of human-provided food and garbage in black bear scats in YV decreased from 21% to 6% between 1978 and 2002, indicating YNP efforts have been effective. We found high use of non-native apples by bears throughout YV. Non-native food sources could be contributing to habituation and food conditioning, given their proximity to developed areas of YV. We recommend that YNP managers continue to (1) adapt and improve their management tools to address changing circumstances, (2) quantify the success of new management tools, and (3) reduce the availability of non-native food sources. C1 [Greenleaf, Schuyler S.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Matthews, Sean M.; Leithead, H. Malia] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Wright, R. Gerald] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Beecham, John J.] Craighead Beringia S, Boise, ID 83703 USA. RP Greenleaf, SS (reprint author), POB 99, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. EM schuylergreenleaf@hotmail.com FU Yosemite Fund; Yosemite Association; Yosemite Institute FX Our sincerest thanks to H. Quigley and J. Hilty with the Hornocker Wildlife Institute/Wildlife Conservation Society for initiating this project and seeing it through to completion. Funding and personnel support were provided by the Yosemite Fund, Yosemite Association, and Yosemite Institute. We especially thank members of the Yosemite Bear Council and YNP Wildlife Management Office, including K. McCurdy, T. Seher, S. Thompson, J. Trust, J. Simpson, K. Ramsey, and the many seasonal bear management interns and technicians. We also thank D. Graber of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks for assistance in the comparisons of our 2 studies. We were also happy to receive assistance from S. Breck and N. Lance of the USGS Wildlife Research Center. We also thank C. Costello and Ursus reviewers for comments on the manuscript. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 35 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2009 VL 20 IS 2 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.2192/08GR027.1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 531TJ UT WOS:000272691400003 ER PT J AU Radandt, TG AF Radandt, Thomas G. TI Recovery of grizzly and American black bears from xylazine, zolazepam, and tiletamine SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE American black bear; anesthesia; grizzly bear; recovery time; Rocky Mountains; tiletamine; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos; xylazine; zolazepam ID POLAR BEARS; IMMOBILIZATION; MEDETOMIDINE; ANESTHESIA; HYDROCHLORIDE; ATIPAMEZOLE; TELAZOL AB Field workers handling bears continually strive to improve their field methods and reduce risks to animals during capture. Zolazepam-tiletamine (ZT) is the standard anesthesia currently used in bear captures, but has a prolonged recovery because there is no antagonist. Researchers are increasingly using xylazine, zolazepam, and tiletamine (XZT) in combination as an improvement to ZT alone. Because xylazine provides excellent analgesic qualities and can be antagonized, XZT has the potential for effective anesthesia and faster recovery time for bears. I assessed recovery times and considered physiological parameters to asses the quality of anesthesia of grizzly (Ursus arctos) and American black (U. americanus) bears anesthetized with XZT, for which the xylazine portion was antagonized by yohimbine (XZT/Y). I compared these recovery times with unpublished recovery time data on bears anesthetized with ZT only. My XZT/Y samples came from research projects in western Montana, northern Idaho, and southeast British Columbia; bears anesthetized with ZT only came from Alberta, Canada, and the Greater Yellowstone Project of Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho, USA. Bears administered the XZT/Y protocol recovered from anesthesia 1.61 (95% CI = 1.28-2.01) times faster than bears anesthetized with ZT combinations. Bears administered XZT/Y at dosage rates presented here received adequate anesthesia for humane handling as indicated by the physiological parameters monitored. C1 Univ Montana, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Radandt, TG (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Room 309 Main Hall, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM Thomas_radandt@fws.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Trans Boundary Grizzly Program; Eastern Slopes Project and the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team; Idaho Department of Transportation; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; University of Idaho FX These projects were funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Trans Boundary Grizzly Program, the Eastern Slopes Project and the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team. Research in northern Idaho was supported by Idaho Department of Transportation, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and the University of Idaho. I thank J. Lewis, M. Gibeau, and M. Haroldson for sharing data. Thanks to T. Chilton and C. Lauson for assisting with analysis and development. H. Carriles, J. Flaa, T. Graves, S. Michel, S. Skinner, T. Winkler, S. Wong, and many other agency personnel assisted in capture and data collection. W. Kasworm, K. Meinig, J. Murnane, M. Proctor, C. Servheen, and R. Shoemaker provided review, direction, and support. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2009 VL 20 IS 2 BP 114 EP 119 DI 10.2192/08GR012.1 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 531TJ UT WOS:000272691400006 ER PT B AU Sherrod, DR Vallance, JW Espinosa, AT McGeehin, JP AF Sherrod, David R. Vallance, James W. Espinosa, Arkin Tapia McGeehin, John P. BE Lewis, N Moretti, A TI VOLCAN BARU - ERUPTIVE HISTORY AND VOLCANO-HAZARDS ASSESSMENT SO VOLCANOES: FORMATION, ERUPTIONS AND MODELLING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AGE CALIBRATION; PANAMA C1 [Sherrod, David R.; Vallance, James W.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Espinosa, Arkin Tapia] Univ Panama, Dept Geosci, Panama City, Panama. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Sherrod, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60692-916-2 PY 2009 BP 315 EP 356 PG 42 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BLU22 UT WOS:000271019200009 ER PT J AU Suchanek, TH Cooke, J Keller, K Jorgensen, S Richerson, PJ Eagles-Smith, CA Harner, EJ Adam, DP AF Suchanek, Thomas H. Cooke, Janis Keller, Kaylene Jorgensen, Salvador Richerson, Peter J. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Harner, E. James Adam, David P. TI A Mass Balance Mercury Budget for a Mine-Dominated Lake: Clear Lake, California SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Acid mine drainage; Budget; Clear Lake; Mercury; Mass balance; Mercury loading; Mining; Sediments ID DEPOSITION; EMISSIONS; REDISTRIBUTION; SEDIMENTS; EXCHANGE; WATERS; WET; DRY AB The Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine (SBMM), active intermittently from 1873-1957 and now a USEPA Superfund site, was previously estimated to have contributed at least 100 metric tons (10(5) kg) of mercury (Hg) into the Clear Lake aquatic ecosystem. We have confirmed this minimum estimate. To better quantify the contribution of the mine in relation to other sources of Hg loading into Clear Lake and provide data that might help reduce that loading, we analyzed Inputs and Outputs of Hg to Clear Lake and Storage of Hg in lakebed sediments using a mass balance approach. We evaluated Inputs from (1) wet and dry atmospheric deposition from both global/regional and local sources, (2) watershed tributaries, (3) groundwater inflows, (4) lakebed springs and (5) the mine. Outputs were quantified from (1) efflux (volatilization) of Hg from the lake surface to the atmosphere, (2) municipal and agricultural water diversions, (3) losses from out-flowing drainage of Cache Creek that feeds into the California Central Valley and (4) biotic Hg removal by humans and wildlife. Storage estimates include (1) sediment burial from historic and prehistoric periods (over the past 150-3,000 years) from sediment cores to ca. 2.5m depth dated using dichloro diphenyl dichloroethane (DDD), (210)Pb and (14)C and (2) recent Hg deposition in surficial sediments. Surficial sediments collected in October 2003 (11 years after mine site remediation) indicate no reduction (but a possible increase) in sediment Hg concentrations over that time and suggest that remediation has not significantly reduced overall Hg loading to the lake. Currently, the mine is believed to contribute ca. 322-331 kg of Hg annually to Clear Lake, which represents ca. 86-99% of the total Hg loading to the lake. We estimate that natural sedimentation would cover the existing contaminated sediments within ca. 150-300 years. C1 [Suchanek, Thomas H.; Jorgensen, Salvador; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Adam, David P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cooke, Janis] Cent Valley Reg Water Qual Control Board, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. [Keller, Kaylene; Richerson, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Harner, E. James] W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Suchanek, TH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 3020 State Univ Dr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM thsuchanek@ucdavis.edu OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 FU USEPA [R819658, R825433] FX Deep appreciation is extended to the many staff from the U. C. Davis Clear Lake Environmental Research Center (CLERC) at Clear Lake who contributed greatly to the collection and processing of data and samples, analyses and discussions over the entire 15year period of this study. Dr. Andy Bale helped with the section on Hg efflux from the lake surface. This work was supported by the USEPA-funded (R819658 & R825433) Center for Ecological Health Research at UC Davis, USEPA Region 9 Superfund Program (68-S2-9005) and UC Davis faculty research grants to THS. We also thank Dr. Mark Marvin DiPasquale, Karen Phillips, Julie Yee and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on earlier drafts. Although the information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, it may not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 75 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 196 IS 1-4 BP 51 EP 73 DI 10.1007/s11270-008-9757-1 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 401HH UT WOS:000262931300006 ER PT J AU Stringfellow, W Herr, J Litton, G Brunell, M Borglin, S Hanlon, J Chen, C Graham, J Burks, R Dahlgren, R Kendall, C Brown, R Quinn, N AF Stringfellow, William Herr, Joel Litton, Gary Brunell, Mark Borglin, Sharon Hanlon, Jeremy Chen, Carl Graham, Justin Burks, Remie Dahlgren, Randy Kendall, Carol Brown, Russ Quinn, Nigel TI Investigation of river eutrophication as part of a low dissolved oxygen total maximum daily load implementation SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algae; central valley; dissolved oxygen; eutrophication; lowland river; phytoplankton; TMDL ID SAN-JOAQUIN RIVER; CALIFORNIA; DEMAND AB In the United States, environmentally impaired rivers are subject to regulation under total maximum daily load (TMDL) regulations that specify watershed wide water quality standards. In California, the setting of TMDL standards is accompanied by the development of scientific and management plans directed at achieving specific water quality objectives. The San Joaquin River (SJR) in the Central Valley of California now has a TMDL for dissolved oxygen (DO). Low DO conditions in the SJR are caused in part by excessive phytoplankton growth (eutrophication) in the shallow, upstream portion of the river that create oxygen demand in the deeper estuary. This paper reports on scientific studies that were conducted to develop a mass balance on nutrients and phytoplankton in the SJR. A mass balance model was developed using WARMF, a model specifically designed for use in TMDL management applications. It was demonstrated that phytoplankton biomass accumulates rapidly in a 88 km reach where plankton from small, slow moving tributaries are diluted and combined with fresh nutrient inputs in faster moving water. The SJR-WARMF model was demonstrated to accurately predict phytoplankton growth in the SJR. Model results suggest that modest reductions in nutrients alone will not limit algal biomass accumulation, but that combined strategies of nutrient reduction and algal control in tributaries may have benefit. The SJR-WARMF model provides stakeholders a practical, scientific tool for setting remediation priorities on a watershed scale. C1 [Stringfellow, William; Litton, Gary; Brunell, Mark; Borglin, Sharon; Hanlon, Jeremy; Graham, Justin; Burks, Remie] Univ Pacific, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Environm Engn Res Program, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Stringfellow, William; Borglin, Sharon; Hanlon, Jeremy; Quinn, Nigel] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Ecol, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Herr, Joel; Chen, Carl] Systech Engn Inc, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. [Dahlgren, Randy] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brown, Russ] Jones & Stokes, Sacramento, CA 95818 USA. RP Stringfellow, W (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Environm Engn Res Program, Sears Hall,3601 Pacific Ave, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. EM wstringfellow@lbl.gov RI Stringfellow, William/O-4389-2015; Borglin, Sharon/I-1013-2016; Quinn, Nigel/G-2407-2015 OI Stringfellow, William/0000-0003-3189-5604; Quinn, Nigel/0000-0003-3333-4763 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 28 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 59 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.2166/wst.2009.739 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 400JG UT WOS:000262863300002 PM 19151480 ER PT J AU Hanson, LB Mitchell, MS Grand, JB Jolley, DB Sparklin, BD Ditchkoff, SS AF Hanson, Laura B. Mitchell, Michael S. Grand, James B. Jolley, D. Buck Sparklin, Bill D. Ditchkoff, Stephen S. TI Effect of experimental manipulation on survival and recruitment of feral pigs SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUS-SCROFA; NATIONAL-PARK; WILD BOAR; POPULATION; RANGELANDS; AUSTRALIA; PROGRAM; ERADICATION; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION AB Lethal removal is commonly used to reduce the density of invasive-species populations, presuming it reduces population growth rate; the actual effect of lethal removal on the vital rates contributing to population growth, however, is rarely tested. We implemented a manipulative experiment of feral pig (Sus scrofa) populations at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA, to assess the demographic effects of harvest intensity. Using mark-recapture data, we estimated annual survival, recruitment, and population growth rates of populations in a moderately harvested area and a heavily harvested area for 2004-06. Population growth rates did not differ between the populations. The top-ranked model for survival included a harvest intensity effect; model-averaged survival was lower for the heavily harvested population than for the moderately harvested population. Increased immigration and reproduction likely compensated for the increased mortality in the heavily harvested population. We conclude that compensatory responses in feral pig recruitment can limit the success of lethal control efforts. C1 [Hanson, Laura B.; Jolley, D. Buck; Ditchkoff, Stephen S.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sparklin, Bill D.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Hanson, LB (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, POB 1336, Salmon, ID 83467 USA. EM laurabhanson@hotmail.com RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 FU US Department of Defense; Fort Benning Military Reservation FX We give much thanks to the Mitchell 'wet lab' for their support, assistance with critical thinking and comments on earlier drafts. We appreciate all who helped with fieldwork, especially B. Williams, C. Newbolt and K. Hasapes. Thank you to P. Swiderek, R. Thornton and B. Miley at the Fort Benning Conservation Branch for their ideas and support of this research. We thank E. Hellgren, B. Ackerman and two anonymous reviewers for comments on this manuscript. This research was funded by the US Department of Defense, Fort Benning Military Reservation. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 20 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1071/WR08077 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 432MD UT WOS:000265137500002 ER PT J AU Pearse, AT Reinecke, KJ Dinsmore, SJ Kaminski, RM AF Pearse, Aaron T. Reinecke, Kenneth J. Dinsmore, Stephen J. Kaminski, Richard M. TI Using simulation to improve wildlife surveys: wintering mallards in Mississippi, USA SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AERIAL SURVEY; ESTIMATE ABUNDANCE; NATURAL-RESOURCES; ALLUVIAL VALLEY; WATERFOWL; POPULATIONS; DUCKS; CONSERVATION; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT AB Wildlife conservation plans generally require reliable data about population abundance and density. Aerial surveys often can provide these data; however, associated costs necessitate designing and conducting surveys efficiently. We developed methods to simulate population distributions of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) wintering in western Mississippi, USA, by combining bird observations from three previous strip-transect surveys and habitat data from three sets of satellite images representing conditions when surveys were conducted. For each simulated population distribution, we compared 12 primary survey designs and two secondary design options by using coefficients of variation (CV) of population indices as the primary criterion for assessing survey performance. In all, 3 of the 12 primary designs provided the best precision (CV <= 11.7%) and performed equally well ((CV) over bar (diff) <= 0.6%). Features of the designs that provided the largest gains in precision were optimal allocation of sample effort among strata and configuring the study area into five rather than four strata, to more precisely estimate mallard indices in areas of consistently high density. Of the two secondary design options, we found including a second observer to double the size of strip transects increased precision or decreased costs, whereas ratio estimation using auxiliary habitat data from satellite images did not increase precision appreciably. We recommend future surveys of mallard populations in our study area use the strata we developed, optimally allocate samples among strata, employ PPS or EPS sampling, and include two observers when qualified staff are available. More generally, the methods we developed to simulate population distributions from prior survey data provide a cost-effective method to assess performance of alternative wildlife surveys critical to informing management decisions, and could be extended to account for effects of detectability on estimates of true abundance. C1 [Pearse, Aaron T.; Dinsmore, Stephen J.; Kaminski, Richard M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Reinecke, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Pearse, AT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM apearse@usgs.gov OI Pearse, Aaron/0000-0002-6137-1556 FU state's migratory bird stamp program; Anderson-Tully Co.; Delta Wildlife; Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University; Ducks Unlimited, Inc.; Southern Regional Office; Jack H. Berryman Institute; Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; USA Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - Wildlife Services - National Wildlife Research Center; USA Fish and Wildlife Service and USA Geological Survey FX The Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks was our primary sponsor and provided funding from the state's migratory bird stamp program. Other sponsors providing financial and logistical support included the Anderson-Tully Co.; Delta Wildlife; Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University; Ducks Unlimited, Inc., Southern Regional Office; Jack H. Berryman Institute; Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit ( Research Work Order 74); USA Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - Wildlife Services - National Wildlife Research Center; and the Science Support Program, jointly administered by the USA Fish and Wildlife Service and USA Geological Survey. We thank A. Nygren for expert pilot services and S. C. Barras, L. W. Burger, J. S. Hatfield, B. D. Leopold, A. Taylor, K. A. Wilkins, and two anonymous referees for valuable comments on previous versions of this manuscript, which was approved for publication as Mississippi State University - Forest and Wildlife Research Center Journal Article WF-272. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2009 VL 36 IS 4 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1071/WR08082 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 461EO UT WOS:000267247600002 ER PT S AU Martin, TE Briskie, JV AF Martin, Thomas E. Briskie, James V. BE Schlichting, CD Mousseau, TA TI Predation on Dependent Offspring A Review of the Consequences for Mean Expression and Phenotypic Plasticity in Avian Life History Traits SO YEAR IN EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 2009 SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE clutch size; egg size; development rates; life history; tradeoffs; nest predation; parental care; passerines ID CLUTCH SIZE VARIATION; GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; NEST VISITATION RATES; PASSERINE BIRDS; HATCHING ASYNCHRONY; PARENTAL CARE; EGG SIZE; COLLARED FLYCATCHER; NATURAL-SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS AB Predation on dependent offspring (i.e., offspring that depend on parents for care) forms a critical source of natural selection that may shape a diversity of life history traits. Selection from predation risk on dependent offspring can influence life history strategies of both offspring and parents. Such selection may act on both the form of plastic responses (e.g., the shape of norms of reaction) and mean expression of traits. Consideration of both levels of responses is key to understanding the ecological and evolutionary role of predation on dependent offspring. Here, we discuss how plastic responses and mean expression of life history traits may respond to selection from predation on dependent offspring in nests of birds (i.e., nest predation). We then review the expected effects and evidence for a diversity of life history traits, including clutch size, egg size, renesting rates, onset of incubation, parental incubation behavior, development rates and period lengths, parental feeding behavior, nestling begging, and nest conspicuousness. The evidence demonstrates a broad role of nest predation on both phenotypic plasticity and mean expression of diverse traits, but evidence remains limited to a few studies on a limited variety of species for almost all traits, and much broader experimental tests are needed. C1 [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Briskie, James V.] Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Nat Sci 205, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tom.martin@umontana.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 147 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-754-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2009 VL 1168 BP 201 EP 217 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04577.x PG 17 WC Evolutionary Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Evolutionary Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BKM62 UT WOS:000268507900009 PM 19566709 ER PT J AU Mahowald, N Jickells, TD Baker, AR Artaxo, P Benitez-Nelson, CR Bergametti, G Bond, TC Chen, Y Cohen, DD Herut, B Kubilay, N Losno, R Luo, C Maenhaut, W McGee, KA Okin, GS Siefert, RL Tsukuda, S AF Mahowald, Natalie Jickells, Timothy D. Baker, Alex R. Artaxo, Paulo Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. Bergametti, Gilles Bond, Tami C. Chen, Ying Cohen, David D. Herut, Barak Kubilay, Nilgun Losno, Remi Luo, Chao Maenhaut, Willy McGee, Kenneth A. Okin, Gregory S. Siefert, Ronald L. Tsukuda, Seigen TI Global distribution of atmospheric phosphorus sources, concentrations and deposition rates, and anthropogenic impacts SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Review ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; LEVANTINE BASIN; PARTICULATE MATTER; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; NATIONAL CENTER; SURFACE-WATER; CENTRAL JAPAN AB A worldwide compilation of atmospheric total phosphorus (TP) and phosphate (PO4) concentration and deposition flux observations are combined with transport model simulations to derive the global distribution of concentrations and deposition fluxes of TP and PO4. Our results suggest that mineral aerosols are the dominant source of TP on a global scale (82%), with primary biogenic particles (12%) and combustion sources (5%) important in nondusty regions. Globally averaged anthropogenic inputs are estimated to be similar to 5 and 15% for TP and PO4, respectively, and may contribute as much as 50% to the deposition over the oligotrophic ocean where productivity may be phosphorus-limited. There is a net loss of TP from many (but not all) land ecosystems and a net gain of TP by the oceans (560 Gg P a(-1)). More measurements of atmospheric TP and PO4 will assist in reducing uncertainties in our understanding of the role that atmospheric phosphorus may play in global biogeochemistry. C1 [Mahowald, Natalie; Luo, Chao] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jickells, Timothy D.; Baker, Alex R.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Bergametti, Gilles; Losno, Remi] Univ Paris 07, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Bergametti, Gilles; Losno, Remi] Univ Paris 12, CNRS, UMR7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Bond, Tami C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Chen, Ying] Trinity Consultants, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. [Cohen, David D.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Herut, Barak] Natl Inst Oceanog, IL-31080 Haifa, Israel. [Kubilay, Nilgun] Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, TR-33731 Erdemli, Turkey. [Artaxo, Paulo] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-01498 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Maenhaut, Willy] Univ Ghent, Inst Nucl Sci, Dept Analyt Chem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [McGee, Kenneth A.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [Okin, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Siefert, Ronald L.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Tsukuda, Seigen] Kyoto Univ, Lab Forest Informat, Div Forestry & Biomat Sci, Grad Sch Agr, Kyoto, Japan. RP Mahowald, N (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Baker, Alex/D-1233-2011; Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; Maenhaut, Willy/M-3091-2013; Artaxo, Paulo/E-8874-2010; OI Baker, Alex/0000-0002-8365-8953; Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Maenhaut, Willy/0000-0002-4715-4627; Artaxo, Paulo/0000-0001-7754-3036; Benitez-Nelson, Claudia/0000-0002-1004-5048; Cohen, David/0000-0002-1209-9234; Okin, Gregory/0000-0002-0484-3537 FU NSF-Carbon and Water [ATM0628472]; NASA-IDS [NNG06G127G] FX We would like to thank Jenny Hand (CIRA), Ying- Ping Wang (CSIRO), Kathleen Treseder (UCI), and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments improved this manuscript. NM would like to acknowledge the assistance of NSF-Carbon and Water (ATM0628472) and NASA-IDS (NNG06G127G). WM is indebted to the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office for research support. NR 103 TC 189 Z9 198 U1 15 U2 143 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 31 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 AR GB4026 DI 10.1029/2008GB003240 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 390MW UT WOS:000262169400002 ER PT J AU Duarte, CM Prairie, YT Montes, C Cole, JJ Striegl, R Melack, J Downing, JA AF Duarte, Carlos M. Prairie, Yves T. Montes, Carlos Cole, Jonathan J. Striegl, Robert Melack, John Downing, John A. TI CO2 emissions from saline lakes: A global estimate of a surprisingly large flux SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; CASPIAN SEA; SALT LAKES; EXCHANGE; WATERS; ECOSYSTEMS AB The role of saline lakes in CO2 exchange with the atmosphere was evaluated on the basis of calculated partial pressure (pCO(2)) and CO2 exchange rates with the atmosphere derived from a compilation of published data for 196 saline lakes around the world. The average surface water pCO(2) exceeded atmospheric pCO(2) by a factor of 5-8 times, indicative of a tendency for saline lakes to emit CO2 to the atmosphere. Chemically enhanced emission, calculated from solute chemistry, pH, and wind speed, increased gas exchange an average of 2.3 times over that of freshwater lakes having equivalent pCO(2). The globally distributed lakes emitted CO2 at rates in excess of 80 mmol m(-2) d(-1). The Caspian Sea was calculated to support alone a total CO2 emission of 0.02 to 0.04 Gt C a(-1), with the total CO2 emissions to the atmosphere from saline lakes calculated to be 0.11-0.15 Gt C a(-1). Consideration of CO2 emissions from saline lakes raises the total CO2 emissions to the atmosphere from all lakes to 0.28-0.32 Gt CO2. These results point to a significant role of saline lakes in global C cycling. C1 [Duarte, Carlos M.] CSIC UIB, Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados, E-07190 Esporles, Spain. [Cole, Jonathan J.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Downing, John A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Melack, John] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Montes, Carlos] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Ecol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Prairie, Yves T.] Univ Quebec, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Striegl, Robert] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Duarte, CM (reprint author), CSIC UIB, Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados, Miquel Marques 21, E-07190 Esporles, Spain. EM carlosduarte@ifisc.uib.es RI Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013 OI Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center supported by NSF [DEB-94-21535]; University of California at Santa Barbara; State of California; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science FX This research is a contribution to the "Integrating the aquatic with the terrestrial component of the global carbon budget'' Working Group, supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center supported by NSF (grant DEB-94-21535), the University of California at Santa Barbara, and the State of California. We thank P. Alcorco and Jinggang Li for assistance with databases. C. M. D. and J.A.D. were supported by a sabbatical fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 31 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G4 AR G04041 DI 10.1029/2007JG000637 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 390NI UT WOS:000262170600001 ER PT J AU Banks, ME McEwen, AS Kargel, JS Baker, VR Strom, RG Mellon, MT Gulick, VC Keszthelyi, L Herkenhoff, KE Pelletier, JD Jaeger, WL AF Banks, Maria E. McEwen, Alfred S. Kargel, Jeffrey S. Baker, Victor R. Strom, Robert G. Mellon, Michael T. Gulick, Virginia C. Keszthelyi, Laszlo Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Pelletier, Jon D. Jaeger, Windy L. TI High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) observations of glacial and periglacial morphologies in the circum-Argyre Planitia highlands, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; NORTH-POLAR CAP; VALLES MARINERIS; ROCK GLACIERS; DEBRIS APRONS; ICE; DEPOSITS; HISTORY; WATER; FLOW AB The landscape of the Argyre Planitia and adjoining Charitum and Nereidum Montes in the southern hemisphere of Mars has been heavily modified since formation of the Argyre impact basin. This study examines morphologies in the Argyre region revealed in images acquired by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment ( HiRISE) camera and discusses the implications for glacial and periglacial processes. Distinctive features such as large grooves, semicircular embayments in high topography, and streamlined hills are interpreted as glacially eroded grooves, cirques, and whalebacks or roche moutonnee, respectively. Large boulders scattered across the floor of a valley may be ground moraine deposited by ice ablation. Glacial interpretations are supported by the association of these features with other landforms typical of glaciated landscapes such as broad valleys with parabolic cross sections and stepped longitudinal profiles, lobate debris aprons interpreted as remnant debris covered glaciers or rock glaciers, and possible hanging valleys. Aligned boulders observed on slopes may also indicate glacial processes such as fluting. Alternatively, boulders aligned on slopes and organized in clumps and polygonal patterns on flatter surfaces may indicate periglacial processes, perhaps postglaciation, that form patterned ground. At least portions of the Argyre region appear to have been modified by processes of ice accumulation, glacial flow, erosion, sediment deposition, ice stagnation and ablation, and perhaps subsequent periglacial processes. The type of bedrock erosion apparent in images suggests that glaciers were, at times, wet based. The number of superposed craters is consistent with geologically recent glacial activity, but may be due to subsequent modification. C1 [Banks, Maria E.; Pelletier, Jon D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McEwen, Alfred S.; Strom, Robert G.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kargel, Jeffrey S.; Baker, Victor R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mellon, Michael T.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gulick, Virginia C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gulick, Virginia C.] SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Keszthelyi, Laszlo; Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.; Jaeger, Windy L.] USGS, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Banks, ME (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mbanks@email.arizona.edu RI Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016 FU NASA FX We gratefully acknowledge the invaluable assistance of the entire HiRISE team, including the software developers, the uplink and downlink teams, and the science team. This paper also benefited from detailed reviews by G. Komatsu and an anonymous reviewer. This work was supported by the NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter project managed through the California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NR 86 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 31 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E12 AR E12015 DI 10.1029/2007JE002994 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 390OC UT WOS:000262172600001 ER PT J AU Mast, MA Clow, DW AF Mast, M. Alisa Clow, David W. TI Effects of 2003 wildfires on stream chemistry in Glacier National Park, Montana SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE stream chemistry; wildfire; nitrogen; nutrient fluxes; snowmelt; Rocky Mountains ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; WATER REPELLENCY; SOIL HYDROPHOBICITY; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; INFILTRATION RATES; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; FOREST SOILS; FIRE; POSTFIRE AB Changes in stream chemistry were studied for 4 years following large wildfires that burned in Glacier National Park during the summer of 2003. Burned and unburned drainages were monitored from December 2003 through August 2007 for streamflow, major constituents, nutrients, and suspended sediment following the fires. Stream-water nitrate concentrations showed the greatest response to fire, increasing up to tenfold above those in the unburned drainage just prior to the first post-fire snowmelt season. concentrations in winter base flow remained elevated during the entire study period, whereas concentrations during the growing season return to background levels after tow snowmelt seasons. Annual export of total nitrogen from the burned drainage ranged from 1.53 to 3.23 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) compared with 1.01 to 1.39 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) from the unburned drainage and exceeded atomspheric inputs for the first two post-fire water years. Fire appeared to have minimal long-term effects on other nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, and major constituents with the exception of sulfate and chloride, which showed increased concentrations for 2 years following the fire. There was little evidence that fire affected suspended-sediment concentrations in the burned drainage. Sediment yields in subalpine streams may be less affected by fire than in lower elevation streams because of the slow release rate of water during spring snowmelt. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Mast, M. Alisa; Clow, David W.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mast, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mamast@usgs.gov OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 FU National Park Service; US Geological Survey Water-Quality Partnership Program FX This work was supported by the National Park Service and the US Geological Survey Water-Quality Partnership Program. for assistance with field work, we sincerely thank Lindersey Johnson, Jay Burrell, and Cory Davis, without whose help the study would not have been possible. We also thank Dennis Divosky, Christine Dolliver, Andrea Fleming, Karen Holzer, Dave Manthorne, Jack Potter, Kathy Tonnessen. The Crown of the Continent Research Learning Center, and GNP Fire Managment Office for assistance with field work, data analysis, and logistics. We thank Dr Richard Hauer of the Flathead Lake Biological Station and Dr Daniel Fagre of the US Geological Survey for providing pre-fire chemistry data for streams in the Mcdonald Creek study area. NR 45 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 34 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 26 BP 5013 EP 5023 DI 10.1002/hyp.7121 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 392AN UT WOS:000262275400005 ER PT J AU Rowe, MC Kent, AJR Thornber, CR AF Rowe, M. C. Kent, A. J. R. Thornber, C. R. TI Using amphibole phenocrysts to track vapor transfer during magma crystallization and transport: An example from Mount St. Helens, Washington SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE amphibole; copper; diffusion; lithium; Mount St. Helens ID LITHIUM ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; IN-HORNBLENDE BAROMETER; EXPERIMENTAL CALIBRATION; AQUEOUS FLUIDS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; ICP-MS; COPPER; DIFFUSION; ERUPTION; AL AB In order to evaluate and further constrain models for volatile movement and vapor enrichment of magma stored at shallow levels, amphibole phenocrysts from 2004-2005 Mount St. Helens dacite were analyzed for major and selected trace elements (Li, Cu, Zn, Mn, and REE) and Li isotopes. Several recent studies have examined fluid-mobile trace element abundances in phencryst phases and melt inclusions as a means of tracking volatile movement within subvolcanic magmatic systems, and high Li contents in plagioclase phenocrysts from 1980 and 2004 Mount St. Helens dacites have been interpreted as evidence that shallow magma was fluxed by a Li-bearing vapor phase prior to eruption. In amphibole phenocrysts, Zn and Mn behave compatibly, correlating to FeO* and Al(2)O(3), and show no systematic change with time. In contrast, Li and Cu abundances in amphibole vary by up to 3 orders of magnitude (7.6-1140 mu g/g and 1.7 to 94 mu g/g, respectively), and do not generally correlate with either major or trace elements. However, they do correlate moderately well (R(2)-0.54,>> 95% confidence) with each other and show systematic temporal variations that are opposite to those observed for plagioclase, precluding a simple 1-step diffusion model for Li enrichment, We propose a Diffusion-Crystallization Multi-Stage (DCMS) model to explain the temporal variations and co-variations of Li and Cu. In early erupted dacite (October-December 2004) profiles of Li isotopes in conjunction with measured (7)Li intensities and core-to-rim increases in Li concentration are characteristic of Li diffusion into the amphiboles, consistent with prior models of plagioclase enrichment. In amphiboles from 2005 dacite, average Li and Cu concentrations are high (similar to 260-660 mu g/g and similar to 29-45 mu g/g, respectively) and in contrast to amphiboles from earlier-erupted dacite, correlate weakly with Al(2)O(3) wt.%. Amphibole Al(2)O(3) concentrations are an indicator of pressure, with high-Al amphiboles crystallizing at higher pressures, and we suggest that Li and Cu are partitioned into a fluid phase during ascent and crystallization of the magma so that amphiboles crystallizing at lower pressure have correspondingly lower Li and Cu concentrations. However, low Li and Cu in amphiboles from the dacite at the start of the eruption also require crystallization from a low Li-Cu bearing melt or residence times long enough for amphiboles to re-equilibrate with a Li-Cu depleted melt Estimated residence times suggest that amphiboles in early dacite could have been present since the end of the 1980-1986 eruptive episode at Mount St. Helens. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rowe, M. C.; Kent, A. J. R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Rowe, M. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78730 USA. [Thornber, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Rowe, MC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM michael-rowe@uiowa.edu OI Thornber, Carl/0000-0002-6382-4408 FU Instrumentation and Facilities Program, Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation [EAR 0440382] FX The authors would like to thank the Mount St. Helens petrology group for their diligent efforts and discussion of current magmatic processes. We would also like to thank the Cascades Volcano Observatory for providing samples and partial funding for amphibole trace element analyses. Additional thanks go to R. Lee for providing SEM images of amphiboles, J. Blundy for repeated discussions on vapor movement at Mount St. Helens and R. Hervig for assistance with obtaining Li isotopic data and discussions of Li analyses by SIMS. Early comments by M. Reagan and reviews by M. Rutherford, J. Pallister, M. Clynne, and J. Lowenstern helped to improve this manuscript. The SIMS facility at ASU is partly supported by a grant from the Instrumentation and Facilities Program, Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation. Additional funding for this project came from National Science Foundation Grant EAR 0440382. NR 59 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 30 PY 2008 VL 178 IS 4 BP 593 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.01.012 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 389AJ UT WOS:000262061800002 ER PT J AU Werner, C Hurwitz, S Evans, WC Lowenstern, JB Bergfeld, D Heasler, H Jaworowski, C Hunt, A AF Werner, C. Hurwitz, S. Evans, W. C. Lowenstern, J. B. Bergfeld, D. Heasler, H. Jaworowski, C. Hunt, A. TI Volatile emissions and gas geochemistry of Hot Spring Basin, Yellowstone National Park, USA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gas geochemistry; carbon dioxide; hydrogen sulfide; flux; emission; fumarole; Yellowstone ID CO2 FLUX MEASUREMENTS; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; VOLCANIC SYSTEM; NEW-ZEALAND; CALDERA; FIELD AB We characterize and quantify volatile emissions at Hot Spring Basin (HSB), a large acid-sulfate region that lies just outside the northeastern edge of the 640 ka Yellowstone Caldera. Relative to other thermal areas in Yellowstone, HSB gases are rich in He and H-2, and mildly enriched in CH4 and H2S. Gas compositions are consistent with boiling directly off a deep geothermal liquid at depth as it migrates toward the surface. This fluid, and the gases evolved from it, carries geochemical signatures of magmatic volatiles and water-rock reactions with multiple crustal sources, including limestones or quartz-rich sediments with low K/U (or (40)*Ar/(4)*He). Variations in gas chemistry across the region reflect reservoir heterogeneity and variable degrees of boiling. Gas-geothermometer temperatures approach 300 degrees C and suggest that the reservoir feeding HSB is one of the hottest at Yellowstone. Diffuse CO2 flux in the western basin of HSB, as measured by accumulation-chamber methods, is similar in magnitude to other acid-sulfate areas of Yellowstone and is well correlated to shallow soil temperatures. The extrapolation of diffuse CO2 fluxes across all the thermal/altered area suggests that 410 +/- 140 t d(-1) CO2 are emitted at HSB (vent emissions not included). Diffuse fluxes of H2S were measured in Yellowstone for the first time and likely exceed 2.4 t d(-1) at HSB. Comparing estimates of the total estimated diffuse H2S emission to the amount of sulfur as SO42- in streams indicates similar to 50% of the original H2S in the gas emission is lost into shallow groundwater, precipitated as native sulfur, or vented through fumaroles. We estimate the heat output of HSB as similar to 140-370 MW using CO2 as a tracer for steam condensate, but not including the contribution from fumaroles and hydrothermal vents. Overall, the diffuse heat and volatile fluxes of HSB are as great as some active volcanoes, but they are a small fraction (1-3% for CO2, 2-8% for heat) of that estimated for the entire Yellowstone system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Werner, C.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [Hurwitz, S.; Evans, W. C.; Lowenstern, J. B.; Bergfeld, D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Heasler, H.; Jaworowski, C.] Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Mammoth, WY USA. [Hunt, A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Werner, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. EM cwerner@usgs.gov RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012; OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Volcano Hazards Program FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Volcano Hazards Program. The authors would like to thank the GeoNet program at GNS Science in New Zealand for technical assistance. Mark Huebner processed the gas samples for dissolved anions, and George Hilley of Stanford University assisted with sGs simulations. Mack Kennedy of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory provided archive data and helpful discussion of the helium isotope data. Yellowstone National Park provided pack animals and logistical support. This manuscript was improved by the careful reviews of Pat Shanks and Yousif Kharaka and two anonymous reviewers. NR 42 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 30 PY 2008 VL 178 IS 4 SI SI BP 751 EP 762 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.09.016 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 389AJ UT WOS:000262061800015 ER PT J AU Clow, DW Fleming, AC AF Clow, David W. Fleming, Andrea C. TI Tracer gauge: An automated dye dilution gauging system for ice-affected streams SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RHODAMINE WT; TRANSIENT STORAGE AB In-stream flow protection programs require accurate, real-time streamflow data to aid in the protection of aquatic ecosystems during winter base flow periods. In cold regions, however, winter streamflow often can only be estimated because in-channel ice causes variable backwater conditions and alters the stage-discharge relation. In this study, an automated dye dilution gauging system, a tracer gauge, was developed for measuring discharge in ice-affected streams. Rhodamine WT is injected into the stream at a constant rate, and downstream concentrations are measured with a submersible fluorometer. Data loggers control system operations, monitor key variables, and perform discharge calculations. Comparison of discharge from the tracer gauge and from a Cipoletti weir during periods of extensive ice cover indicated that the root-mean-square error of the tracer gauge was 0.029 m 3 s(-1), or 6.3% of average discharge for the study period. The tracer gauge system can provide much more accurate data than is currently available for streams that are strongly ice affected and, thus, could substantially improve management of in-stream flow protection programs during winter in cold regions. Care must be taken, however, to test for the validity of key assumptions, including complete mixing and conservative behavior of dye, no changes in storage, and no gains or losses of water to or from the stream along the study reach. These assumptions may be tested by measuring flow-weighted dye concentrations across the stream, performing dye mass balance analyses, and evaluating breakthrough curve behavior. C1 [Clow, David W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fleming, Andrea C.] TZA Water Engn, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. RP Clow, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dwclow@usgs.gov; afleming@tza4water.com OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 FU Colorado Water Conservation Board; U. S. Geological Survey FX Support for this study was provided by the Colorado Water Conservation Board and by the U. S. Geological Survey. The authors wish to thank Keith Sueker for help with designing and building the voltage regulator for the metering pump and Kenneth Leib, Joseph Capesius, Michael Gooseff, and several anonymous reviewers for thoughtful reviews that helped improve the manuscript. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 30 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 12 AR W12441 DI 10.1029/2008WR007090 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 390PM UT WOS:000262176200003 ER PT J AU Chanton, JP Glaser, PH Chasar, LS Burdige, DJ Hines, ME Siegel, DI Tremblay, LB Cooper, WT AF Chanton, J. P. Glaser, P. H. Chasar, L. S. Burdige, D. J. Hines, M. E. Siegel, D. I. Tremblay, L. B. Cooper, W. T. TI Radiocarbon evidence for the importance of surface vegetation on fermentation and methanogenesis in contrasting types of boreal peatlands SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ION-CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; STABLE-ISOTOPE DISTRIBUTION; FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; RICH FEN GRADIENT; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PORE-WATER; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; CENTRAL ALBERTA AB We found a consistent distribution pattern for radiocarbon in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and methane replicated across spatial and temporal scales in northern peatlands from Minnesota to Alaska. The C-14 content of DOC is relatively modern throughout the peat column, to depths of 3 m. In sedge-dominated peatlands, the C-14 contents of the products of respiration, CH4 and DIC, are essentially the same and are similar to that of DOC. In Sphagnum- and woody plant-dominated peatlands with few sedges, however, the respiration products are similar but intermediate between the C-14 contents of the solid phase peat and the DOC. Preliminary data indicates qualitative differences in the pore water DOC, depending on the extent of sedge cover, consistent with the hypothesis that the DOC in sedge-dominated peatlands is more reactive than DOC in peatlands where Sphagnum or other vascular plants dominate. These data are supported by molecular level analysis of DOC by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry that suggests more dramatic changes with depth in the composition of DOC in the sedge-dominated peatland pore waters relative to changes observed in DOC where Sphagnum dominates. The higher reactivity of DOC from sedge-dominated peatlands may be a function of either different source materials or environmental factors that are related to the abundance of sedges in peatlands. C1 [Chanton, J. P.] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Burdige, D. J.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Chasar, L. S.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Tremblay, L. B.; Cooper, W. T.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Glaser, P. H.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hines, M. E.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Biol Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Siegel, D. I.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Chanton, JP (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM jchanton@.fsu.edu; glase001@umn.edu; lchasar@usgs.gov; dburdige@odu.edu; mark_hines@uml.edu; disiegel@syr.edu; cooper@chem.fsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR 0628349] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation project EAR 0628349. We thank Juliana D'Andrilli, Liz Corbett, Claire Langford, Dana Fields, Stephanie Brimm, Diane Grubbs, Susan Stetson, Helenthia Stephens, reviewer Ed Hornibrook, an anonymous reviewer, and the journal staff and editors. NR 67 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 27 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 AR GB4022 DI 10.1029/2008GB003274 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 388TB UT WOS:000262041000002 ER PT J AU Berhe, AA Harden, JW Torn, MS Harte, J AF Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw Harden, Jennifer W. Torn, Margaret S. Harte, John TI Linking soil organic matter dynamics and erosion-induced terrestrial carbon sequestration at different landform positions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PROCESS-BASED MODEL; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; CYCLE; CONTAMINATION; TURNOVER; FORESTS; POOLS; DEPTH; AMS AB Recently, the potential for terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration by soil erosion and deposition has received increased interest. Erosion and deposition constitute a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide relative to a preerosional state or a noneroding scenario, if the posterosion watershed C balance is increased due to (1) partial replacement of eroded C by new photosynthate in the eroded site; and (2) preservation from decomposition of at least some eroded soil organic carbon (SOC) arriving in depositional settings. Little is known, however, about differences in C dynamics at different erosional and depositional landform positions within the same eroding system. We determined the contribution of different landform positions to erosion-induced terrestrial C sequestration by measuring rates of net primary productivity (NPP), replacement of eroded C, and decomposition of organic matter (OM) at four categorically different landform positions within a naturally eroding toposequence in northern California. We found that eroded C is replaced by NPP 15 times over in the summit of the site studied and 5 times over in the slope. Profile-averaged, long-term rate constant for SOM decomposition was 2 to 14 times slower in the depositional settings compared with that in eroding slopes. As a result, the inventory of C in the depositional settings was 2 to 3 times larger than that of the eroding positions. Owing to both C replacement at eroding sites and reduced rates of OM decomposition in depositional sites, soil erosion constitutes a C sink from the atmosphere at our study site. C1 [Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Torn, Margaret S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Torn, Margaret S.; Harte, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Berhe, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 307 McCone Hall 4767, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aaberhe@berkeley.edu RI Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw/D-4179-2011; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 OI Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw/0000-0002-6986-7943; FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2003-35107-13601]; USGS Earth Surface Dynamics Program; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; University of California, Berkeley; NASA Earth System Science fellowship FX The authors wish to thank Garrison Sposito, James Kirchner, Kristof Van Oost, and the editors and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript, Mark Harmon for allowing us to use his spreadsheet to calculate decay rate constant for litter decomposition in accordance with his double exponential model of organic matter decomposition, and Daniel Keck, Lee Pruett, and Renata Mendieta for help in the laboratory. This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive grant 2003-35107-13601 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, by the USGS Earth Surface Dynamics Program, by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, and a University of California, Berkeley, Chancellor's Predoctoral fellowship and a NASA Earth System Science fellowship to A.A.B. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 8 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 27 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G4 AR G04039 DI 10.1029/2008JG000751 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 388TT UT WOS:000262042800003 ER PT J AU Suryan, RM Anderson, DJ Shaffer, SA Roby, DD Tremblay, Y Costa, DP Sievert, PR Sato, F Ozaki, K Balogh, GR Nakamura, N AF Suryan, Robert M. Anderson, David J. Shaffer, Scott A. Roby, Daniel D. Tremblay, Yann Costa, Daniel P. Sievert, Paul R. Sato, Fumio Ozaki, Kiyoaki Balogh, Gregory R. Nakamura, Noboru TI Wind, Waves, and Wing Loading: Morphological Specialization May Limit Range Expansion of Endangered Albatrosses SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Among the varied adaptations for avian flight, the morphological traits allowing large-bodied albatrosses to capitalize on wind and wave energy for efficient long-distance flight are unparalleled. Consequently, the biogeographic distribution of most albatrosses is limited to the windiest oceanic regions on earth; however, exceptions exist. Species breeding in the North and Central Pacific Ocean (Phoebastria spp.) inhabit regions of lower wind speed and wave height than southern hemisphere genera, and have large intrageneric variation in body size and aerodynamic performance. Here, we test the hypothesis that regional wind and wave regimes explain observed differences in Phoebastria albatross morphology and we compare their aerodynamic performance to representatives from the other three genera of this globally distributed avian family. In the North and Central Pacific, two species (short-tailed P. albatrus and waved P. irrorata) are markedly larger, yet have the smallest breeding ranges near highly productive coastal upwelling systems. Short-tailed albatrosses, however, have 60% higher wing loading (weight per area of lift) compared to waved albatrosses. Indeed, calculated aerodynamic performance of waved albatrosses, the only tropical albatross species, is more similar to those of their smaller congeners (black-footed P. nigripes and Laysan P. immutabilis), which have relatively low wing loading and much larger foraging ranges that include central oceanic gyres of relatively low productivity. Globally, the aerodynamic performance of short-tailed and waved albatrosses are most anomalous for their body sizes, yet consistent with wind regimes within their breeding season foraging ranges. Our results are the first to integrate global wind and wave patterns with albatross aerodynamics, thereby identifying morphological specialization that may explain limited breeding ranges of two endangered albatross species. These results are further relevant to understanding past and potentially predicting future distributional limits of albatrosses globally, particularly with respect to climate change effects on basin-scale and regional wind fields. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Anderson, David J.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Shaffer, Scott A.; Tremblay, Yann; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, USGS, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sievert, Paul R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, USGS, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Sato, Fumio; Ozaki, Kiyoaki; Nakamura, Noboru] Yamashina Inst Ornithol, Abiko, Chiba, Japan. [Balogh, Gregory R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Suryan, RM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM rob.suryan@oregonstate.edu RI Shaffer, Scott/D-5015-2009 OI Shaffer, Scott/0000-0002-7751-5059 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Ministry of Environment, Japan; North Pacific Research Board; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB 98-06606, DEB 0235818]; National Ocean Partnership Program [N00014-02-1-1012]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-00-1-0880, N00014-03-1-0651]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; David and Lucille Packard Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NOAA [Fisheries Oceanography Fellowship] FX Financial support was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ministry of Environment, Japan, the North Pacific Research Board, U.S. National Science Foundation (awards DEB 98-06606 and DEB 0235818), and through the Tagging of Pacific Predators (TOPP) program, which is funded by the National Ocean Partnership Program (N00014-02-1-1012), the Office of Naval Research (N00014-00-1-0880 & N00014-03-1-0651) and the Alfred P. Sloan, David and Lucille Packard, and Gordon and Betty Moore foundations. R. Suryan was supported, in part, by the Cooperative Institute for Marine Resource Studies, Oregon State University, through a NOAA Fisheries Oceanography Fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, or decision to publish. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 24 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 12 AR e4016 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0004016 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 437CF UT WOS:000265463000011 PM 19107200 ER PT J AU Wang, A Bell, JF Li, R Johnson, JR Farrand, WH Cloutis, EA Arvidson, RE Crumpler, L Squyres, SW McLennan, SM Herkenhoff, KE Ruff, SW Knudson, AT Chen, W Greenberger, R AF Wang, Alian Bell, J. F., III Li, Ron Johnson, J. R. Farrand, W. H. Cloutis, E. A. Arvidson, R. E. Crumpler, L. Squyres, S. W. McLennan, S. M. Herkenhoff, K. E. Ruff, S. W. Knudson, A. T. Chen, Wei Greenberger, R. TI Light-toned salty soils and coexisting Si-rich species discovered by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit in Columbia Hills SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review ID NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS; GUSEV CRATER; SULFATE SALTS; MOSSBAUER SPECTROMETER; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; MARTIAN SURFACE; IRON MOUNTAIN; GROUND ICE; RIO-TINTO; 0.1 MPA AB Light-toned soils were exposed, through serendipitous excavations by Spirit Rover wheels, at eight locations in the Columbia Hills. Their occurrences were grouped into four types on the basis of geomorphic settings. At three major exposures, the light-toned soils are hydrous and sulfate-rich. The spatial distributions of distinct types of salty soils vary substantially: with centimeter-scaled heterogeneities at Paso Robles, Dead Sea, Shredded, and Champagne-Penny, a well-mixed nature for light-toned soils occurring near and at the summit of Husband Hill, and relatively homogeneous distributions in the two layers at the Tyrone site. Aeolian, fumarolic, and hydrothermal fluid processes are suggested to be responsible for the deposition, transportation, and accumulation of these light-toned soils. In addition, a change in Pancam spectra of Tyrone yellowish soils was observed after being exposed to current Martian surface conditions for 175 sols. This change is interpreted to be caused by the dehydration of ferric sulfates on the basis of laboratory simulations and suggests a relative humidity gradient beneath the surface. Si-rich nodules and soils were observed near the major exposures of S-rich soils. They possess a characteristic feature in Pancam visible near-infrared ( Vis-NIR) spectra that may be diagnostic of hydrated species, and this spectral feature can be used to search for additional Si-rich species. The exposures of hydrated salty soils within various geomorphic settings imply the potential existence of hydrous minerals in similar settings over a much wider area. Hydrous sulfates represent one of the candidates that may contribute the high level of water equivalent hydrogen in equatorial regions detected by the Neutron Spectrometer on Mars Odyssey. C1 [Wang, Alian; Arvidson, R. E.; Knudson, A. T.; Greenberger, R.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Wang, Alian; Arvidson, R. E.; Knudson, A. T.; Greenberger, R.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bell, J. F., III; Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Li, Ron; Chen, Wei] Ohio State Univ, CEEGS, Ctr Mapping, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johnson, J. R.; Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Farrand, W. H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Cloutis, E. A.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Crumpler, L.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [McLennan, S. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Ruff, S. W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Wang, A (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM alianw@levee.wustl.edu RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 NR 125 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 19 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E12 AR E12S40 DI 10.1029/2008JE003126 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 386MH UT WOS:000261886800001 ER PT J AU Ehlmann, BL Mustard, JF Murchie, SL Poulet, F Bishop, JL Brown, AJ Calvin, WM Clark, RN Des Marais, DJ Milliken, RE Roach, LH Roush, TL Swayze, GA Wray, JJ AF Ehlmann, Bethany L. Mustard, John F. Murchie, Scott L. Poulet, Francois Bishop, Janice L. Brown, Adrian J. Calvin, Wendy M. Clark, Roger N. Des Marais, David J. Milliken, Ralph E. Roach, Leah H. Roush, Ted L. Swayze, Gregg A. Wray, James J. TI Orbital Identification of Carbonate-Bearing Rocks on Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MINERALS; CLIMATE; PHYLLOSILICATES; TEMPERATURE; PRODUCTS; SULFATES; OLIVINE; SPECTRA; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Geochemical models for Mars predict carbonate formation during aqueous alteration. Carbonate- bearing rocks had not previously been detected on Mars' surface, but Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapping reveals a regional rock layer with near- infrared spectral characteristics that are consistent with the presence of magnesium carbonate in the Nili Fossae region. The carbonate is closely associated with both phyllosilicate- bearing and olivine- rich rock units and probably formed during the Noachian or early Hesperian era from the alteration of olivine by either hydrothermal fluids or near- surface water. The presence of carbonate as well as accompanying clays suggests that waters were neutral to alkaline at the time of its formation and that acidic weathering, proposed to be characteristic of Hesperian Mars, did not destroy these carbonates and thus did not dominate all aqueous environments. C1 [Ehlmann, Bethany L.; Mustard, John F.; Roach, Leah H.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Murchie, Scott L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Poulet, Francois] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bishop, Janice L.; Brown, Adrian J.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Bishop, Janice L.; Brown, Adrian J.; Des Marais, David J.; Roush, Ted L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Calvin, Wendy M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Clark, Roger N.; Swayze, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Milliken, Ralph E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wray, James J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ehlmann, BL (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 FU NASA/Keck Reflectance Experiment Laboratory (RELAB) spectral database FX We thank R. Arvidson, R. Morris, N. Mangold, A. Baldridge, J.-P. Bibring, D. Jouglet, A. Fraeman, S. Wiseman, A. McEwen, G. Marzo, P. McGuire, and M. Wyatt for thoughtful discussions during manuscript preparation and E. Cloutis and others who have made quality spectral libraries available and contributed to the building of the NASA/Keck Reflectance Experiment Laboratory (RELAB) spectral database. We are grateful for the ongoing efforts of the MRO science and engineering teams, in particular the CRISM team, which enable these discoveries. NR 45 TC 278 Z9 283 U1 10 U2 63 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 19 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 5909 BP 1828 EP 1832 DI 10.1126/science.1164759 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 385FF UT WOS:000261799400050 PM 19095939 ER PT J AU Chelgren, ND Pearl, CA Adams, MJ Bowerman, J AF Chelgren, Nathan D. Pearl, Christopher A. Adams, Michael J. Bowerman, Jay TI Demography and Movement in a Relocated Population of Oregon Spotted Frogs (Rana pretiosa): Influence of Season and Gender SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WOOD FROG; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; COMMON FROG; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; BIASED DISPERSAL; AURORA-AURORA; RECOVERY DATA AB We used five years of recapture data and Bayesian estimation to assess seasonal survival, movement, and growth of Oregon Spotted Frogs (Rana pretiosa) relocated into created ponds at Dilman Meadow in Oregon, USA. We evaluate hypotheses specific to the relocation and elucidate aspects of R. pretiosa life history that are poorly known. The odds of survival of relocated individuals during the first year following relocation were 0.36 times the survival odds of relocated and non-relocated frogs after one year since the relocation. Survival rate was higher for large frogs. After accounting for frog size, we found little variation in survival between ponds at Dilman Meadow. Survival was lowest for males during the breeding/post-breeding redistribution period, suggesting a high cost of breeding for males. The highest survival rates occurred during winter for both genders, and one small spring was used heavily during winter but was used rarely during the rest of the year. Individual growth was higher in ponds that were not used for breeding, and increased with increasing pond age. Our study supports other evidence that R. pretiosa use different habitats seasonally and are specific in their overwintering habitat requirements. Because frogs were concentrated during winter, predator-free overwintering springs are likely to be of particular value for R. pretiosa populations. C1 [Chelgren, Nathan D.; Pearl, Christopher A.; Adams, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bowerman, Jay] Sunrise Nat Ctr, Sunriver, OR 97707 USA. RP Chelgren, ND (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nathan_chelgren@usgs.gov; christopher_pearl@usgs.gov FU Interagency Special Status/Sensitive Species Program; Deschutes National Forest; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; North Unit Irrigation District; Sunriver Nature Center FX This analysis was made possible by a grant from the Interagency Special Status/Sensitive Species Program. We thank C. Korson and L. Zakrejsek and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation for their work in all aspects of the relocation. Reviews by L. Bailey improved the manuscript. We thank R. Bury for Suggestions on field techniques and assistance throughout the early years of the study. We thank S. Ackley, R. Diehl, B. McCreary, and C. Rombough for assistance with field work. We also thank Deschutes National Forest, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, North Unit Irrigation District, and Sunriver Nature Center for the significant logistical and personnel support they dedicated. Animals were handled under scientific collecting permits from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, and research permits from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Oregon State University. NR 79 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 18 PY 2008 IS 4 BP 742 EP 751 DI 10.1643/CH-07-142 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 389AD UT WOS:000262061200003 ER PT J AU Halstead, BJ Mushinsky, HR Mccoy, ED AF Halstead, Brian J. Mushinsky, Henry R. Mccoy, Earl D. TI Sympatric Masticophis flagellum and Coluber constrictor Select Vertebrate Prey at Different Levels of Taxonomy SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA SCRUB LIZARD; WATER SNAKE; FOOD-HABITS; PREDATORY BEHAVIOR; FORAGING ECOLOGY; NERODIA-FASCIATA; FEEDING ECOLOGY; GARTER SNAKES; SIZE; COLUBRIDAE AB Masticophis flagellum (Coachwhip) and Coluber constrictor (Eastern Racer) are widespread North American snakes with similar foraging modes and habits. Little Is known about the selection of prey by either species, and despite their apparently similar foraging habits, comparative studies of the foraging ecology of sympatric M. flagellum and C. constrictor are lacking. We examined the foraging ecology and prey selection of these actively foraging snakes In xeric, open-canopied Florida scrub habitat by defining prey availability separately for each snake to elucidate mechanisms underlying geographic, temporal, and Interspecific variation In predator diets. Nineteen percent of M. flagellum and 28% of C. constrictor contained stomach contents, and most snakes contained only one prey Item. Mean relative prey mass for both species was less than 10%. Larger C. constrictor consumed larger prey than small Individuals, but this relationship disappeared when prey size was scaled to snake size. Masticophis flagellum was selective at the prey category level, and positively selected lizards and mammals; however, within these categories it consumed prey species In proportion to their availability. In contrast, C. constrictor preyed upon prey categories opportunistically, but was selective with regard to species. Specifically, C. constrictor positively selected Hyla femoralls (Pine Woods Treefrog) and negatively selected Bufo quercicus (Oak Toad), B. terrestris (Southern Toad), and Gastrophryne carolinensis (Eastern Narrowmouth Toad). Thus, despite their similar foraging habits, M. flagellum and C. constrictor select different prey and are selective of prey at different levels of taxonomy. C1 [Halstead, Brian J.; Mushinsky, Henry R.; Mccoy, Earl D.] Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Div Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Halstead, BJ (reprint author), USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM bhalstead45@hotmail.com FU University of South Florida Presidential Fellowship; American Museum of Natural History Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund; University of South Florida Established Researcher FX We thank the numerous graduate students and undergraduate assistants that helped with different aspects of this research. The staff at Lake Wales Ridge State Forest, particularly A. Malatesta, was very accommodating and provided logistic support. This project was supported by a University of South Florida Presidential Fellowship and an American Museum of Natural History Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund Grant to B. Halstead, and by a University of South Florida Established Researcher Grant to H. Mushinsky. The Herpetology Group at the University of South Florida critically reviewed and greatly improved this manuscript. This research was conducted under permit from the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Forestry, and followed University of South Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols 2259, 2873, and 2914. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 18 PY 2008 IS 4 BP 897 EP 908 DI 10.1643/CE-07-221 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 389AD UT WOS:000262061200022 ER PT J AU Champagne, CE Austin, JD Jelks, HL Jordan, F AF Champagne, Caroline E. Austin, James D. Jelks, Howard L. Jordan, Frank TI Effects of Fin Clipping on Survival and Position-Holding Behavior of Brown Darters, Etheostoma edwini SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID PERCIDAE; MARKERS; GROWTH AB Advent of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has allowed conservation biologists to use small portions of tissue to obtain genetic material for population genetic and taxonomic study. Fin clips are used extensively in large-sized fishes, but it is unclear how clipping enough fin tissue for genetic analysis will affect survival of smaller fishes such as minnows and darters, which are among the most threatened organisms in North America. We tested for effects of fin clipping on survival and swimming performance of non-threatened Brown Darters (Etheostomo edwini) in order to justify similar tissue collection in co-occurring endangered Okaloosa Darters (E. okaloosae). We collected 48 E. edwin! from a small stream In northwest Florida, transported them to the laboratory, and randomly assigned them to one of three experimental groups: control, entire right pectoral fin removed, or rear half of caudal fin removed. Successful amplification of DNA indicated that our fin clips were large enough for genetic analysis using PCR. No mortality occurred during a two-month observation period. Fin regeneration was almost complete and we could not visually distinguish clipped fins from control fins after two months. We then randomly assigned fish into the same three experimental groups, clipped fins, and evaluated their ability to hold position at 20 cm/sec in an experimental flow chamber. Neither fish size nor treatment type affected position-holding behavior. Fin clipping does not adversely affect survival and swimming performance of E. edwini maintained in the laboratory. Additional research on the effects of fin clipping on small-sized fishes should be conducted in the field to evaluate survival under natural conditions. C1 [Jordan, Frank] Loyola Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Austin, James D.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jelks, Howard L.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Jordan, F (reprint author), Loyola Univ, 6363 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM austinj@ufl.edu; hjelks@usgs.gov; jordan@loyno.edu OI Austin, James/0000-0003-0643-8620 FU USFWS; Jackson Guard Natural Resource Division of Eglin Air Force Base (DOD) FX We thank A. Adams, C. Brownyard, M. Gibb, D. Holt, M. Hughey, M. Kaller, A. Roth, and K. Smith for their help in collecting and maintaining the darters. C. Hood provided use of his flow chamber. A. Johnson assisted with DNA sequencing. Funding was provided by the USFWS and Jackson Guard Natural Resource Division of Eglin Air Force Base (DOD). A portion of this research was performed by CEC in partial fulfillment of a B.S. in Biological Sciences at Loyola University New Orleans. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 18 PY 2008 IS 4 BP 916 EP 919 DI 10.1643/CI-07-153 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 389AD UT WOS:000262061200024 ER PT J AU Lengline, O Marsan, D Got, JL Pinel, V Ferrazzini, V Okubo, PG AF Lengline, O. Marsan, D. Got, J. -L. Pinel, V. Ferrazzini, V. Okubo, P. G. TI Seismicity and deformation induced by magma accumulation at three basaltic volcanoes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LA-FOURNAISE VOLCANO; SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; KILAUEA VOLCANO; EARTHQUAKE SWARMS; SURFACE UPLIFT; 1960 COLLAPSE; HAWAII; ERUPTION; PITON; STORAGE AB We analyzed the evolution of volcano-tectonic (VT) seismicity and deformation at three basaltic volcanoes (Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Piton de la Fournaise) during phases of magma accumulation. We observed that the VT earthquake activity displays an accelerating evolution at the three studied volcanoes during the time of magma accumulation. At the same times, deformation rates recorded at the summit of Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes were not accelerating but rather tend to decay. To interpret these observations, we propose a physical model describing the evolution of pressure produced by the accumulation of magma into a reservoir. This variation of pressure is then used to force a simple model of damage, where damage episodes are equivalent to earthquakes. This model leads to an exponential increase of the VT activity and to an exponential decay of the deformation rate during accumulation phases. Seismicity and deformation data are well fitted by such an exponential model. The time constant, deduced from the exponential increase of the seismicity, is in agreement with the time constant predicted by the model of magma accumulation. This VT activity can thus be a direct indication of the accumulation of magma at depth, and therefore can be seen as a long-term precursory phenomenon, at least for the three studied basaltic volcanoes. Unfortunately, it does not allow the prediction of the onset of future eruptions, as no diverging point (i.e., critical time) is present in the model. C1 [Lengline, O.; Marsan, D.; Got, J. -L.; Pinel, V.] Univ Savoie, CNRS, Lab Geophys Interne & Tectonophys, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. [Ferrazzini, V.] Inst Phys Globe Paris, Observ Volcanol Piton Fournaise, Le Tampon, Reunion. [Okubo, P. G.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Pinel, V.] IRD, UR157, Inst Rech Dev, Marseille, France. RP Lengline, O (reprint author), Univ Savoie, CNRS, Lab Geophys Interne & Tectonophys, Batiment Belledonne, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. EM olivier.lengline@univ-savoie.fr; david.marsan@univ-savoie.fr; jean-luc.got@univ-savoie.fr; virginie.pinel@univ-savoie.fr; ferraz@ipgp.jussieu.fr; pokubo@usgs.gov RI Marsan, David/E-1351-2011; Pinel, Virginie/D-9949-2014; Ferrazzini, Valerie/E-8032-2017 OI Pinel, Virginie/0000-0002-4928-9584; Ferrazzini, Valerie/0000-0001-7908-1429 FU European Commission [18471] FX We thank Jean-Robert Grasso for numerous discussions and Servando De la Cruz-Reyna for useful comments. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor for their thoughtful reviews. We thank Asta Miklius for providing us tilt data at Kilauea. We thank the staff of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and of the Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise for their continuous effort to maintain operational their seismic networks. Most of the figures were produced using the GMT Software [Wessel and Smith, 1991]. O.L. is supported by European Commission FP6 project VOLUME (contract 18471). NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 18 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B12 AR B12305 DI 10.1029/2008JB005937 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 386ML UT WOS:000261887200004 ER PT J AU O'Connor, BL Harvey, JW AF O'Connor, Ben L. Harvey, Judson W. TI Scaling hyporheic exchange and its influence on biogeochemical reactions in aquatic ecosystems SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STREAM-SUBSURFACE EXCHANGE; SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE; DIFFUSIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; BED FORMS; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; NONSORBING SOLUTES; OXYGEN-UPTAKE; FLOW AB Hyporheic exchange and biogeochemical reactions are difficult to quantify because of the range in fluid-flow and sediment conditions inherent to streams, wetlands, and nearshore marine ecosystems. Field measurements of biogeochemical reactions in aquatic systems are impeded by the difficulty of measuring hyporheic flow simultaneously with chemical gradients in sediments. Simplified models of hyporheic exchange have been developed using Darcy's law generated by flow and bed topography at the sediment-water interface. However, many modes of transport are potentially involved ( molecular diffusion, bioturbation, advection, shear, bed mobility, and turbulence) with even simple models being difficult to apply in complex natural systems characterized by variable sediment sizes and irregular bed geometries. In this study, we synthesize information from published hyporheic exchange investigations to develop a scaling relationship for estimating mass transfer in near-surface sediments across a range in fluid-flow and sediment conditions. Net hyporheic exchange was quantified using an effective diffusion coefficient ( De) that integrates all of the various transport processes that occur simultaneously in sediments, and dimensional analysis was used to scale De to shear stress velocity, roughness height, and permeability that describe fluid-flow and sediment characteristics. We demonstrated the value of the derived scaling relationship by using it to quantify dissolved oxygen ( DO) uptake rates on the basis of DO profiles in sediments and compared them to independent flux measurements. The results support a broad application of the De scaling relationship for quantifying coupled hyporheic exchange and biogeochemical reaction rates in streams and other aquatic ecosystems characterized by complex fluid-flow and sediment conditions. C1 [O'Connor, Ben L.; Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP O'Connor, BL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop,430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM boconnor@usgs.gov; jwharvey@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA); National Research Programs of the USGS; National Science Foundation [EAR0408744] FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship at the U. S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia. Funding was provided through the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) and National Research Programs of the USGS. Additional support for J. W. H. was provided by the National Science Foundation through award EAR0408744. Field assistance was provided by Dan Nowacki, Lauren McPhillips, and Leanna Westfall for the data collected from the Iowa River. Earlier versions of the manuscript were improved thanks to comments from colleague reviewers Ken Bencala and Heinz Stefan, as well as journal reviewers Bernard Boudreau, Aaron Packman, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 70 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 17 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 12 AR W12423 DI 10.1029/2008WR007160 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 386NH UT WOS:000261889400003 ER PT J AU Kirwan, ML Murray, AB AF Kirwan, Matthew L. Murray, A. Brad TI Tidal marshes as disequilibrium landscapes? Lags between morphology and Holocene sea level change SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SALT-MARSH; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RISE; USA; STRATIGRAPHY; SIMULATION; GROWTH; MAINE AB Historical acceleration in the rate of global sea level rise and recent observations of marsh degradation highlight the importance of understanding how marshes respond to sea level change. Here, we use an existing numerical model to demonstrate that marsh morphology, and its effect on biological productivity and vertical accretion, could lag century-scale sea level rise rate oscillations by several decades. This suggests that marshes, and perhaps other intertidal environments, have not been in equilibrium with Holocene sea level. Additional results suggest that marshes have not yet fully responded to historical sea level acceleration. Consequently, marshes today may be out of equilibrium with modern rates of sea level rise, and further adjustment in the form of platform deepening and channel erosion could be expected. Under an accelerating sea level rise rate, the morphology and productivity of marshland will reflect environmental conditions of the past, and studies of marshes today will underestimate their response to sea level rise. Citation: Kirwan, M. L., and A. B. Murray (2008), Tidal marshes as disequilibrium landscapes? Lags between morphology and Holocene sea level change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L24401, doi:10.1029/2008GL036050. C1 [Kirwan, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Murray, A. Brad] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Kirwan, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, POB 123, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM mkirwan@usgs.gov RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011 NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 24 AR L24401 DI 10.1029/2008GL036050 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 386KL UT WOS:000261882000001 ER PT J AU Farrand, WH Bell, JF Johnson, JR Arvidson, RE Crumpler, LS Hurowitz, JA Schroder, C AF Farrand, W. H. Bell, J. F., III Johnson, J. R. Arvidson, R. E. Crumpler, L. S. Hurowitz, J. A. Schroder, C. TI Rock spectral classes observed by the Spirit Rover's Pancam on the Gusev Crater Plains and in the Columbia Hills SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARS; HEMATITE; ANALOG; SOIL AB This paper examines the ferrous and ferric iron mineralogy of rocks inferred from 246 visible/near-infrared (430-1010 nm) multispectral observations made by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's Pancam on its traverse from its landing site to its second Winter Haven location. Principal component, correspondence analyses, and a sequential maximum angle convex cone technique were used to identify 14 candidate classes. Spectra from the West Spur of Husband Hill and the Watchtower area had the highest 535 and 601 nm band depths indicating that these areas were more oxidized. Differences in the depth and band center of a near infrared (NIR) absorption feature were observed using 904 nm band depth and 803: 904 nm ratio and parameters gauging the 754-864 and 754-1009 nm slopes. Spectra of rocks from the southern flank of Husband Hill had negative 754-1009 nm slopes and a broad NIR absorption consistent with high olivine abundances. Rocks observed on the lower West Spur, at the Cumberland Ridge locale, at the Husband Hill summit, and at the Haskin Ridge locale had deep 904 nm band depths and steep 754-864 nm slopes consistent with greater pyroxene abundances. These observations are consistent with results on iron-bearing mineralogy from Spirit's Mossbauer spectrometer. Comparisons of these rock spectral classes with a set of terrestrial analog samples found similarities between the West Spur and Watchtower classes and red hematite-bearing impact melts. Fewer similarities were found in comparisons of the Columbia Hills classes with basaltic hydrovolcanic tephras. C1 [Farrand, W. H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Bell, J. F., III] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Johnson, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Arvidson, R. E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Crumpler, L. S.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Hurowitz, J. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Schroder, C.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Farrand, WH (reprint author), Space Sci Inst, 4750 Walnut St,Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM farrand@spacescience.org RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; NR 51 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 16 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E12 AR E12S38 DI 10.1029/2008JE003237 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 386ME UT WOS:000261886500001 ER PT J AU Heermance, RV Chen, J Burbank, DW Miao, JJ AF Heermance, Richard V. Chen, Jie Burbank, Douglas W. Miao, Jijung TI Temporal constraints and pulsed Late Cenozoic deformation during the structural disruption of the active Kashi foreland, northwest China SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID DAY CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; INDIA-ASIA COLLISION; NORTHERN TIEN-SHAN; TIAN-SHAN; TARIM BASIN; DETACHMENT FOLDS; ACCRETIONARY WEDGES; THRUST BELTS; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; SEDIMENTARY RECORD AB In response to the ongoing Indo-Asian collision, structural deformation has encroached into the Tian Shan foreland in western China since the early Miocene. In order to reconstruct a detailed history of foreland deformation along the southern margin of the Tian Shan, we have synthesized extensive mapping, analysis of seismic sections, magnetostratigraphy of the foreland fill and associated growth strata, apatite fission track dating, changes in sediment accumulation rates, and geodetic surveys of deformed fluvial terraces. Across an area exceeding 6500 km 2 that spans the Kashi foreland in the northwestern Tarim Basin, we use these data to place temporal constraints on individual structures that delineate at least 4 distinct stages of deformation. Stage 1 involved initial uplift of hinterland structures beginning at 20-25 Ma. Stage 2 began at similar to 16.3 Ma when the basement-involved deformation front stepped south to the Kashi Basin Thrust that bounds the foredeep strata. Stage 3 occurred from 13.5 to 4 Ma, as the deformation front migrated south in episodic steps above thin-skinned detachment and ramp-flat folding. Finally, stage 4 began after 4 Ma with growth of the Keketamu Anticline followed by rapid southward migration of the deformation front to the Atushi and then Kashi detachment anticlines. On the basis of the deformed Tertiary strata and available seismic data, calculations of the minimum magnitude of shortening yield totals ranging from 10 to 32 km since the early Miocene, of which 7-12 km occurred since similar to 4 Ma. Although average shortening rates since 16.3 Ma were 0.8-1.3 mm/a, rates were faster from 16.3 to 13.5 Ma ( 1.1-3.2 mm/a), after which they decreased to 0.5 mm/a between 13.5 and 4 Ma before increasing to 2.2-2.7 mm/a after 4 Ma. Similarly, the rate of southward propagation of the deformation front was initially 3 7 mm/a for the first 10 Ma of basin development, slowed to 1.5 mm/a between 13.5 and 4 Ma, and increased to more than 10 mm/a since 4 Ma. These changes in shortening and structural migration rates over time suggest that the loci of orogenic deformation shifted in and out of the foreland during the Neogene. Surveyed stream terraces suggest that, although most current deformation is located along the southern front of the foreland, modest deformation and shortening continue in the hinterland. Structural style within the foreland has also changed over time from imbricate thrust faults with hanging wall folds along the northern margin, to ramp-flat faults and detachment folds along the southern margin. Where the basement rocks are previously deformed, such as in the hinterland of the Kashi foreland, thick-skinned fault ramps and related fault propagation folds dominate the structural style. As syntectonic sedimentation within the foreland produced thick, subhorizontal stratigraphy, the structural style evolved to detachment and fault bend folding above these footwall flats within the Neogene strata. Citation: Heermance, R. V., J. Chen, D. W. Burbank, and J. Miao ( 2008), Temporal constraints and pulsed Late Cenozoic deformation during the structural disruption of the active Kashi foreland, northwest China, Tectonics, 27, TC6012, doi: 10.1029/2007TC002226. C1 [Heermance, Richard V.; Burbank, Douglas W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Chen, Jie] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Miao, Jijung] PetroChina, Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Heermance, RV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 355, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM rheermance@usgs.gov OI Heermance, Richard/0000-0002-1417-9115 FU U. S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0230403]; National Science Foundation of China [40372081, 40672109] FX We thank Eric Kirby, Ramon Gonzalez-Mieres, and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful reviews. We are grateful to PetroChina for permission to use the seismic lines presented in this manuscript. Fieldwork assistance and discussion with Feng Wunquan, Kate Scharer, Patricia Ruano, and Changsheng Wang was much appreciated. This research was supported by U. S. National Science Foundation grant EAR-0230403, National Science Foundation of China grants 40372081 and 40672109. NR 86 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 EI 1944-9194 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD DEC 16 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 6 AR TC6012 DI 10.1029/2007TC002226 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 386MY UT WOS:000261888500002 ER PT J AU Whitman, RL Nevers, MB AF Whitman, Richard L. Nevers, Meredith B. TI Summer E-coli Patterns and Responses along 23 Chicago Beaches SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; NEARSHORE WATER; CLADOPHORA CHLOROPHYTA; FRESH-WATER; ENTEROCOCCI; CALIFORNIA; SAND; VARIABILITY AB Concentrations of E coli in recreational beach water are highly variable both locally and temporally, but a broader understanding of these fluctuations may be explained through coastal observations. Currently, beach contamination study approaches tend to be site-specific under the belief that politically delineated beaches are unique and management of beaches cannot be regionally oriented. E coli data collected over five years from 23 Chicago beaches clearly identified ambient linked patterns at the regional scale. Temporal fluctuations were similar, with all beaches having simultaneous peaks and troughs of E coli concentrations. Spatially, E coli concentrations for beaches more closely situated were more closely correlated, indicating spatial autocorrelation. Julian day, wave height, and barometric pressure explained up to 40% of the variation, a value comparable to individual, less parsimonious site-specific models. Day of sampling could explain the majority of the variation in E coli concentrations, more so than beach, depth, or time of day. Comparing beaches along a targeted coastline allows a better understanding of inherent background regional fluctuations and, ultimately, better predictions of E coli concentrations in coastal recreational water. C1 [Whitman, Richard L.; Nevers, Meredith B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Whitman, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM rwhitman@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 FU Chicago Park District; USGS Great Lakes Science Center FX We acknowledge the assistance of the Chicago Park District. Jean Adams, USGS, provided advice on statistical analyses. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1507 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 24 BP 9217 EP 9224 DI 10.1021/es8019758 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 383MX UT WOS:000261678800037 PM 19174895 ER PT J AU Dunlap, CE Alpers, CN Bouse, R Taylor, HE Unruh, DM Flegal, AR AF Dunlap, C. E. Alpers, C. N. Bouse, R. Taylor, H. E. Unruh, D. M. Flegal, A. R. TI The persistence of lead from past gasoline emissions and mining drainage in a large riparian system: Evidence from lead isotopes in the Sacramento River, California SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; IRON MOUNTAIN; NEGATIVE PH; CONTAMINATION; ESTUARY; SEDIMENTS; METALS; WATER AB Lead concentrations and isotope ratios measured in river water colloids and streambed sediment samples along 426 kin of the Sacramento River, California reveal that the influence of lead from the historical mining of massive sulfide deposits in the West Shasta Cu-mining district (at the headwaters of the Sacramento River) is confined to a 60 kill stretch of river immediately downstream of that mining region, whereas inputs from past leaded gasoline emissions and historical hydraulic Au-mining ill the Sierra Nevadan foothills are the dominant lead sources in the remaining 370 kill of the river. Binary mixing calculations suggest that more than 5011,, of the lead in the Sacramento River outside of the region of influence of the West Shasta Cu-mining district is derived from past depositions of leaded gasoline emissions. This predominance is the first direct documentation of the geographic extent of gasoline lead persistence throughout a large riparian system (> 160,000 kill 2) and corroborates previous observations based on samples taken at the mouth of the Sacramento River. In addition, new analyses of sediment samples from the hydraulic gold mines of the Sierra Nevada foothills confirm the present-day fluxes into the Sacramento River of contaminant metals derived from historical hydraulic Au-mining that occurred during the latter half of the 19th and early part of the 20th centuries. These fluxes occur predominantly during periods of elevated river discharge associated with heavy winter precipitation in northern California. In the broadest context, the Study demonstrates the potential for altered precipitation patterns resulting from climate change to affect the mobility and transport of soil-bound contaminants ill the surface environment. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dunlap, C. E.; Flegal, A. R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dunlap, C. E.] US Civilian Res & Dev Fdn, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Alpers, C. N.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Bouse, R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Taylor, H. E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Unruh, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Dunlap, CE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 430 Phys Sci Bldg, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM cdunlap@es.ucsc.edu OI Dunlap, Charles/0000-0002-2811-6860; Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 FU Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District; Sarkis Acopian Endowment FX The authors thank Stanley Church, Richard Tosdal, and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive reviews of this paper. We also gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District and from the Sarkis Acopian Endowment to the American University of Armenia. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 24 BP 5935 EP 5948 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.006 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 386WV UT WOS:000261914200007 ER PT J AU Furey, PR Troutman, BM AF Furey, Peter R. Troutman, Brent M. TI A consistent framework for Horton regression statistics that leads to a modified Hack's law SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Horton analysis; Strahler order; Scaling; Hack's law; ANCOVA ID STREAM CHANNEL NETWORKS; RIVER NETWORKS; APPARENT RANDOMNESS; SELF-SIMILARITY; UNIT-HYDROGRAPH; INEVITABILITY; TERMS AB A statistical framework is introduced that resolves important problems with the interpretation and use of traditional Horton regression statistics. The framework is based on a univariate regression model that leads to an alternative expression for Horton ratio, connects Horton regression statistics to distributional simple scaling, and improves the accuracy in estimating Horton plot parameters. The model is used to examine data for drainage area A and mainstream length L from two groups of basins located in different physiographic settings. Results show that confidence intervals for the Horton plot regression statistics are quite wide. Nonetheless, an analysis of covariance shows that regression intercepts, but not regression slopes, can be used to distinguish between basin groups. The univariate model is generalized to include n > 1 dependent variables. For the case where the dependent variables represent In A and In L, the generalized model performs somewhat better at distinguishing between basin groups than two separate univariate models. The generalized model leads to a modification of Hack's law where L depends on both A and Strahler Order L Data show that omega plays a statistically significant role in the modified Hack's law expression. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Furey, Peter R.] NW Res Associates CORA, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Troutman, Brent M.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Furey, PR (reprint author), NW Res Associates CORA, 3380 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM furey@cora.nwra.com; troutman@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 102 IS 3-4 BP 603 EP 614 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.06.002 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 381VX UT WOS:000261565100026 ER PT J AU Hinkle, SR Bohlke, JK Fisher, LH AF Hinkle, Stephen R. Bohlke, J. K. Fisher, Lawrence H. TI Mass balance and isotope effects during nitrogen transport through septic tank systems with packed-bed (sand) filters SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Septic tank; Nitrate; Nitrogen; Isotopes; Sand filter; Packed-bed filter ID IN-GROUND WATER; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; NITRATE; AQUIFER; DENITRIFICATION; AMMONIUM; SOILS; EQUILIBRATION; FRACTIONATION; EFFLUENT AB Septic tank systems are an important source of NO(3)(-) to many aquifers, yet characterization of N mass balance and isotope systematics following septic tank effluent discharge into unsaturated sediments has received limited attention. in this study, samples of septic tank effluent before and after transport through single-pass packed-bed filters (sand filters) were evaluated to elucidate mass balance and isotope effects associated with septic tank effluent discharge to unsaturated sediments. Chemical and isotopic data from five newly installed pairs and ten established pairs of septic tanks and packed-bed filters serving single homes in Oregon indicate that aqueous solute concentrations are affected by variations in recharge (precipitation, evapotranspiration), NH(4)(+) sorption (primarily in immature systems), nitrification, and gaseous N loss via NH(3) volatilization and(or) N(2) or N(2)O release during nitrification/denitrification. Substantial NH(4)(+) sorption capacity was also observed in laboratory columns with synthetic effluent. Septic tank effluent delta(15)N-NH(4)(+) values were almost constant and averaged +4.9 parts per thousand +/- 0.4 parts per thousand (1 sigma). In contrast, delta(15)N values of NO(3)(-) leaving mature packed-bed filters were variable (+0.8 to + 14.4 parts per thousand) and averaged +7.2 parts per thousand +/- 2.6 parts per thousand. Net N loss in the two networks of packed-bed filters was indicated by average 10-30% decreases in Cl-normalized N concentrations and 2-3 parts per thousand increases in delta(15)N, consistent with fractionation accompanying gaseous N losses and corroborating established links between septic tank effluent and NO in a local, shallow aquifer. Values of delta(18)O-NO(3)(-) leaving mature packed-bed filters ranged from -10.2 to -2.3 parts per thousand (mean -6.4 parts per thousand 1.8 parts per thousand), and were intermediate between a 2/3 H(2)O-O+1/3 O(2)-O conceptualization and a 100% H(2)O-O conceptualization of delta(18)O-NO(3)(-) generation during nitrification. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hinkle, Stephen R.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Bohlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Fisher, Lawrence H.] US Geol Survey, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Hinkle, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM srhinkle@usgs.gov FU ODEQ; DCEHD; USGS; National Research Program in Water Resources, USGS FX This project was a cooperative effort by ODEQ, DCEHD, and USGS. Dan Haldeman (DCEHD) provided packed-bed filter sediment for column experiments. Assistance was provided in the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory by Tyler Coplen, Irene Hamblen, Janet Hannon, Stan Mroczkowski, and Haiping Qi, with support from the National Research Program in Water Resources, USGS. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 407 IS 1 BP 324 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.036 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 386IW UT WOS:000261877900033 PM 18835629 ER PT J AU Ourth, DD Rose, WM Siefkes, MJ AF Ourth, Donald D. Rose, Wendy M. Siefkes, Michael J. TI Isolation of mannose-binding C-type lectin from sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) plasma and binding to Aeromonas salmonicida SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasma lectin; Petromyzon marinus; Aeromonas salmonicida; Innate immunity ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS PUPAE; INNATE IMMUNITY; COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; PROTEIN; SERUM; EVOLUTION; AFFINITY AB The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a parasitic cartilaginous fish of the North American Great Lakes and a predator of many bony fish species of commercial importance to the fishing industry. Mannose-binding C-type lectin (MBL) was isolated by mannanagarose affinity chromatography from sea lamprey plasma. Mannose-binding lectin has not before been identified and quantitated in the plasma of this sea lamprey species. The affinity-purified and 2-ME reduced lamprey MBL showed two bands of 35 kDa and 65 kDa by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting using guinea pig anti-MBL IgG as the primary antibody. Amino acid composition analysis (mol%) of the purified lamprey MBL found high amounts of histidine, threonine, tyrosine and phenylalanine present when compared with three other vertebrate MBLs. N-terminal amino acid sequencing by Edman degradation for the first 10 residues gave XXXTKGCPDA. Lamprey plasma contained 261 mu g of MBL/ml of plasma. Plasma protein concentration was 40.1 mg/ml. Lamprey MBL was present then in plasma at 6.5 mu g MBL/mg total protein. The sea lamprey MBL also specifically binds to mannose on the surface of the pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. The presence of MBL in high concentration in lamprey plasma could be important in their innate immunity and resistance to infection. This Study describes the presence of MBL in sea lamprey plasma and evidence for a C-type lectin complement pathway of innate immunity. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ourth, Donald D.; Rose, Wendy M.] Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Siefkes, Michael J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Ourth, DD (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM ddourth@memphis.edu FU Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ FX This work was supported in part by Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 407 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.08.008 PG 6 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 386FK UT WOS:000261867500027 PM 18937980 ER PT J AU Freeman, MC Freeman, BJ Burkhead, NM Straight, CA AF Freeman, Mary C. Freeman, Byron J. Burkhead, Noel M. Straight, Carrie A. TI A new species of Percina (Perciformes: Percidae) from the Apalachicola River drainage, southeastern United States SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Percina crypta; Percina nigrofasciata; Chattahoochee River; Flint River; Halloween Darter; Blackbanded Darter AB Percina crypta, the Halloween Darter, is described as a new species endemic to the Chattahoochee and Flint River systems in Georgia and Alabama. Percina crypta differs from sympatric Percina nigrofasciata in having narrowly separated dorsal saddles (inter-saddle spaces typically less than or equal to saddle width, compared to frequently wider than saddle width in P. nigrofasciata), in usually possessing a single modified scale between the pelvic bases (compared to two or more in P. nigrofasciata), and in having dark wide bands on pectoral-fin rays (versus pectoral fin clear, or with irregular dark marks or weak tessellations on fin rays in P. nigrofasciata). Phylogenetic relationships of P. crypta to other species of Percina are obscure. Percina crypta occurs in shoal and riffle habitats in the Chattahoochee and Flint River mainstems and in a few tributary systems, with the known extant range comprising four disjunct areas separated by mainstem impoundments and altered river reaches. C1 [Freeman, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.; Straight, Carrie A.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.; Straight, Carrie A.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Burkhead, Noel M.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Freeman, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mcfreeman@usgs.gov; bud@ttrout.ecology.uga.edu; nburkhead@usgs.gov; carrie@ttrout.ecology.uga.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 15 PY 2008 IS 1963 BP 25 EP 42 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 385SC UT WOS:000261832900002 ER PT J AU Pinter, N Jemberie, AA Remo, JWF Heine, RA Ickes, BS AF Pinter, Nicholas Jemberie, Abebe A. Remo, Jonathan W. F. Heine, Reuben A. Ickes, Brian S. TI Flood trends and river engineering on the Mississippi River system SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOWER MISSOURI RIVERS; LAND-USE CHANGE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY ESTIMATION; DISCHARGE; IMPACT; RHINE; USA AB Along > 4000 km of the Mississippi River system, we document that climate, land-use change, and river engineering have contributed to statistically significant increases in flooding over the past 100-150 years. Trends were tested using a database of > 8 million hydrological measurements. A geospatial database of historical engineering construction was used to quantify the response of flood levels to each unit of engineering infrastructure. Significant climate-and/or land use-driven increases in flow were detected, but the largest and most pervasive contributors to increased flooding on the Mississippi River system were wing dikes and related navigational structures, followed by progressive levee construction. In the area of the 2008 Upper Mississippi flood, for example, about 2 m of the flood crest is linked to navigational and flood-control engineering. Systemwide, large increases in flood levels were documented at locations and at times of wing-dike and levee construction. Citation: Pinter, N., A. A. Jemberie, J. W. F. Remo, R. A. Heine, and B. S. Ickes (2008), Flood trends and river engineering on the Mississippi River system, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L23404, doi:10.1029/2008GL035987. C1 [Pinter, Nicholas; Jemberie, Abebe A.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Geol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Heine, Reuben A.] Augustana Coll, Dept Geog, Rock Isl, IL 61201 USA. [Ickes, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Pinter, Nicholas; Remo, Jonathan W. F.] So Illinois Univ, Environm Resources & Policy Program, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Pinter, N (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Geol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM npinter@geo.siu.edu OI Ickes, Brian/0000-0001-5622-3842; Remo, Jonathan/0000-0002-8208-2091 FU NSF [0229578, 0552364] FX The research reported here was supported by NSF grants 0229578 and 0552364. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 23 AR L23404 DI 10.1029/2008GL035987 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 383JD UT WOS:000261669000002 ER PT J AU Briggs, RW Sieh, K Amidon, WH Galetzka, J Prayudi, D Suprihanto, I Sastra, N Suwargadi, B Natawidjaja, D Farr, TG AF Briggs, Richard W. Sieh, Kerry Amidon, William H. Galetzka, John Prayudi, Dudi Suprihanto, Imam Sastra, Nugraha Suwargadi, Bambang Natawidjaja, Danny Farr, Thomas G. TI Persistent elastic behavior above a megathrust rupture patch: Nias island, West Sumatra SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; 1964 ALASKA EARTHQUAKE; MALAY-THAI PENINSULA; SIMEULUE EARTHQUAKE; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; COASTAL DEFORMATION; ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; TECTONIC MOVEMENTS AB We quantify fore-arc deformation using fossil reefs to test the assumption commonly made in seismic cycle models that anelastic deformation of the fore arc is negligible. Elevated coral microatolls, paleoreef flats, and chenier plains show that the Sumatran outer arc island of Nias has experienced a complex pattern of relatively slow long-term uplift and subsidence during the Holocene epoch. This same island rose up to 2.9 m during the M-w 8.7 Sunda megathrust rupture in 2005. The mismatch between the 2005 and Holocene uplift patterns, along with the overall low rates of Holocene deformation, reflects the dominance of elastic strain accumulation and release along this section of the Sunda outer arc high and the relatively subordinate role of upper plate deformation in accommodating long-term plate convergence. The fraction of 2005 uplift that will be retained permanently is generally <4% for sites that experienced more than 0.25 m of coseismic uplift. Average uplift rates since the mid-Holocene range from 1.5 to -0.2 mm/a and are highest on the eastern coast of Nias, where coseismic uplift was nearly zero in 2005. The pattern of long-term uplift and subsidence is consistent with slow deformation of Nias along closely spaced folds in the north and trenchward dipping back thrusts in the southeast. Low Holocene tectonic uplift rates provide for excellent geomorphic and stratigraphic preservation of the mid-Holocene relative sea level high, which was under way by similar to 7.3 ka and persisted until similar to 2 ka. C1 [Briggs, Richard W.; Sieh, Kerry; Amidon, William H.; Galetzka, John] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Tecton Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Farr, Thomas G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Prayudi, Dudi; Sastra, Nugraha; Suwargadi, Bambang; Natawidjaja, Danny] Indonesian Inst Sci, Res Ctr Geotechnol, Bandung 40135, Indonesia. RP Briggs, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, MS 966,Box 25046, Golden, CO 80225 USA. EM rbriggs@usgs.gov RI Briggs, Richard/A-1348-2013; OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046; Farr, Thomas/0000-0001-5406-2096 FU NSF [EAR-0610078]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We thank the Captain and crew of the Mentawai Indah. Thanks to Hong-Wei Chiang and Larry Edwards for the U-Th dates. Dick Peltier and Rosemarie Drummond kindly provided predictions from the ICE-5G (VM2) model, and Aron Meltzner generously provided tide model calculations. We benefited greatly from discussions with Mike Gagan, Jean-Philippe Avouac, Glenn Milne, Chris Goldfinger, Harvey Kelsey, Ben Horton, and Heidrun Kopp. We also thank Daniel Melnick, Alan Nelson, two anonymous reviewers, and Associate Editor Greg Moore for their reviews and discussion of our manuscript. This work was supported by NSF (EAR-0610078) and a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This is Caltech Tectonics Observatory contribution 80. NR 94 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 12 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B12 AR B12406 DI 10.1029/2008JB005684 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 383QK UT WOS:000261688200001 ER PT J AU Griffith, EM Paytan, A Caldeira, K Bullen, TD Thomas, E AF Griffith, Elizabeth M. Paytan, Adina Caldeira, Ken Bullen, Thomas D. Thomas, Ellen TI A Dynamic Marine Calcium Cycle During the Past 28 Million Years SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEAWATER CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; PHANEROZOIC OCEANS; ISOTOPE RECORD; FRACTIONATION; EVAPORITES; MONITOR; BARITE AB Multiple lines of evidence have shown that the isotopic composition and concentration of calcium in seawater have changed over the past 28 million years. A high- resolution, continuous seawater calcium isotope ratio curve from marine ( pelagic) barite reveals distinct features in the evolution of the seawater calcium isotopic ratio suggesting changes in seawater calcium concentrations. The most pronounced increase in the delta(44/40)Ca value of seawater (of 0.3 per mil) occurred over roughly 4 million years following a period of low values around 13 million years ago. The major change in marine calcium corresponds to a climatic transition and global change in the carbon cycle and suggests a reorganization of the global biogeochemical system. C1 [Griffith, Elizabeth M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Griffith, Elizabeth M.; Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Caldeira, Ken] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Branch Reg Res, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Thomas, Ellen] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Thomas, Ellen] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Griffith, EM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Bldg 320,Room 118, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM egriffith@ucsc.edu RI Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Thomas, Ellen/E-5573-2011 OI Thomas, Ellen/0000-0002-7141-9904 FU NSF CAREER [OCE-0449732]; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship FX Samples provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. We thank A. Eisenhauer, J. Fitzpatrick, W. A. Griffith, R. Jones, and G. Li for analytical assistance. Supported by NSF CAREER Grant OCE-0449732 (A.P.) and by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (E.M.G.). NR 30 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 33 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 12 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 5908 BP 1671 EP 1674 DI 10.1126/science.1163614 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 382LU UT WOS:000261608300039 PM 19074345 ER PT J AU Mallman, EP Parsons, T AF Mallman, Ellen P. Parsons, Tom TI A global search for stress shadows SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID 1999 HECTOR-MINE; EARTHQUAKE FOCAL MECHANISMS; REGIONAL SEISMICITY; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; DYNAMIC STRESS; M-W; AFTERSHOCKS; CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION; SEQUENCE AB Debate continues regarding the relative proportion of earthquakes triggered by passing seismic waves versus static stress changes from a main shock. Static stress changes are expected to have long-term effects on earthquake probabilities, whereas dynamic stress changes due to the passing of seismic waves should not. Both mechanisms are expected to raise seismicity rates in some areas, but only static stress change calculations predict rate decrease shadows. Thus, identification of post-main-shock earthquake suppression is diagnostic of a static stress change process. We note that in principle, static stress change theory predicts suppression of particular earthquake mechanisms in a shadow zone rather than an overall rate reduction. A stress shadow can therefore be characterized by a change in the average earthquake focal mechanism before and after a main shock that results from suppression of a given mechanism type. We examined average mechanisms from +/- 2 degrees radii and 5-year periods before and after 119 M-s >= 7 main shock earthquakes drawn from the Harvard Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) catalog. Significant average mechanism changes caused by earthquake suppression were found in only two cases. However, by stacking the data, we were able to resolve statistically significant suppression of particular post-main-shock focal mechanisms. This indicates that, while static stress shadows are subtle, they are indeed present in the global catalog. C1 [Mallman, Ellen P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mallman, EP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, 397 Panama Mall,Mitchell Bldg 360, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ellen.mallman@bp.com; tparsons@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 11 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B12 AR B12304 DI 10.1029/2007JB005336 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 383QJ UT WOS:000261688100001 ER PT J AU Larocque, GR Bhatti, JS Liu, JX Ascough, JC Luckai, N Gordon, AM AF Larocque, Guy R. Bhatti, Jagtar S. Liu, Jinxun Ascough, James C., II Luckai, Nancy Gordon, Andrew M. TI The importance of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses in process-based models of carbon and nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems with particular emphasis on forest ecosystems Selected papers from a workshop organized by the International Society for Ecological Modelling (ISEM) at the third biennial meeting of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (IEMSS) in Burlington, Vermont, USA, August 9-13, 2006 Preface SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Larocque, Guy R.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Stn St Foy, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Bhatti, Jagtar S.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Liu, Jinxun] USGS, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Ascough, James C., II] USDA ARS, Agr Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Luckai, Nancy] Lakehead Univ, Fac Forestry & Forest Environm, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Gordon, Andrew M.] Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Larocque, GR (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Stn St Foy, 1055 PEPS,POB 10380, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. EM Guy.Larocque@NRCan.gc.ca; Jagtar.Bhatti@NRCan.gc.ca; jxliu@usgs.gov; jim.ascough@ars.usda.gov; nluckai@lakeheadu.ca; agordon@uoguelph.ca NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 219 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 261 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.010 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381UD UT WOS:000261560500001 ER PT J AU Chen, M Liu, S Tieszen, LL Hollinger, DY AF Chen, M. Liu, S. Tieszen, L. L. Hollinger, D. Y. TI An improved state-parameter analysis of ecosystem models using data assimilation SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Biennial Meeting of the International-Environmental-Modelling-and-Software-Society CY AUG 09-13, 2006 CL Burlington, VT SP Int Environm & Modelling & Software Soc DE Gross primary production; Ecosystem respiration; Net ecosystem exchange; Smoothed ensemble Kalman filter; AmeriFlux data ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; BOREAL FOREST; EXCHANGE; UNCERTAINTY AB Much of the effort spent in developing data assimilation methods for carbon dynamics analysis has focused on estimating optimal values for either model parameters or state variables. The main weakness of estimating parameter values alone (i.e., without considering state variables) is that all errors from input, output, and model structure are attributed to model parameter uncertainties. On the other hand, the accuracy of estimating state variables may be lowered if the temporal evolution of parameter values is not incorporated. This research develops a smoothed ensemble Kalman filter (SEnKF) by combining ensemble Kalman filter with kernel smoothing technique. SEnKF has following characteristics: (1) to estimate simultaneously the model states and parameters through concatenating unknown parameters and state variables into a joint state vector; (2) to mitigate dramatic, sudden changes of parameter values in parameter sampling and parameter evolution process, and control narrowing of parameter variance which results in filter divergence through adjusting smoothing factor in kernel smoothing algorithm; (3) to assimilate recursively data into the model and thus detect possible time variation of parameters; and (4) to address properly various sources of uncertainties stemming from input, output and parameter uncertainties. The SEnKF is tested by assimilating observed fluxes of carbon dioxide and environmental driving factor data from an AmeriFlux forest station located near Howland, Maine, USA, into a partition eddy flux model. Our analysis demonstrates that model parameters, such as light use efficiency, respiration coefficients, minimum and optimum temperatures for photosynthetic activity, and others, are highly constrained by eddy flux data at daily-to-seasonal time scales. The SEnKF stabilizes parameter values quickly regardless of the initial values of the parameters. Potential ecosystem light use efficiency demonstrates a strong seasonality. Results show that the simultaneous parameter estimation procedure significantly improves model predictions. Results also show that the SEnKF can dramatically reduce the variance in state variables stemming from the uncertainty of parameters and driving variables. The SEnKF is a robust and effective algorithm in evaluating and developing ecosystem models and in improving the understanding and quantification of carbon cycle parameters and processes. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, M.; Liu, S.] USGS, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hollinger, D. Y.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Chen, M (reprint author), 47914 252nd st, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM mchen@usgs.gov RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012 NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 219 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 317 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.013 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381UD UT WOS:000261560500006 ER PT J AU Liu, SG Anderson, P Zhou, GY Kauffman, B Hughes, F Schimel, D Watson, V Tosi, J AF Liu, Shuguang Anderson, Pamela Zhou, Guoyi Kauffman, Boone Hughes, Flint Schimel, David Watson, Vicente Tosi, Joseph TI Resolving model parameter values from carbon and nitrogen stock measurements in a wide range of tropical mature forests using nonlinear inversion and regression trees SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Biennial Meeting of the International-Environmental-Modelling-and-Software-Society CY AUG 09-13, 2006 CL Burlington, VT SP Int Environm & Modelling & Software Soc DE Observation sensitivity; Parameter uncertainty; Over-fitting; Model fit; Inverse modeling; Costa Rica ID LAND-USE; COSTA-RICA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; MONTANE FOREST; GROWTH-RATES; NO EMISSIONS; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; RECRUITMENT; PLAINS AB Objectively assessing the performance of a model and deriving model parameter values from observations are critical and challenging in landscape to regional modeling. In this paper, we applied a nonlinear inversion technique to calibrate the ecosystem model CENTURY against carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stock measurements collected from 39 mature tropical forest sites in seven life zones in Costa Rica. Net primary productivity from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), C and N stocks in aboveground live biomass, litter, coarse woody debris (CWD), and in soils were used to calibrate the model. To investigate the resolution of available observations on the number of adjustable parameters, inversion was performed using nine setups of adjustable parameters. Statistics including observation sensitivity, parameter correlation coefficient, parameter sensitivity, and parameter confidence limits were used to evaluate the information content of observations, resolution of model parameters, and overall model performance. Results indicated that soil organic carbon content, soil nitrogen content, and total aboveground biomass carbon had the highest information contents, while measurements of carbon in litter and nitrogen in CWD contributed little to the parameter estimation processes. The available information could resolve the values of 2-4 parameters. Adjusting just one parameter resulted in under-fitting and unacceptable model performance, while adjusting five parameters simultaneously led to over-fitting. Results further indicated that the MODIS NPP values were compressed as compared with the spatial variability of net primary production (NPP) values infer-red from inverse modeling. Using inverse modeling to infer NPP and other sensitive model parameters from C and N stock observations provides an opportunity to utilize data collected by national to regional forest inventory systems to reduce the uncertainties in the carbon cycle and generate valuable databases to validate and improve MODIS NPP algorithms. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liu, Shuguang; Anderson, Pamela] USGS, EROS, Ctr Data, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] Dakota State Univ, GIS Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD USA. [Anderson, Pamela] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Zhou, Guoyi; Hughes, Flint] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Kauffman, Boone] USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Schimel, David] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Watson, Vicente; Tosi, Joseph] Trop Sci Ctr, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), USGS, EROS, Ctr Data, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sliu@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 219 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 327 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.025 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381UD UT WOS:000261560500007 ER PT J AU Liu, JX Liu, SG Loveland, TR Tieszen, LL AF Liu, Jinxun Liu, Shuguang Loveland, Thomas R. Tieszen, Larry L. TI Integrating remotely sensed land cover observations and a biogeochemical model for estimating forest ecosystem carbon dynamics SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Biennial Meeting of the International-Environmental-Modelling-and-Software-Society CY AUG 09-13, 2006 CL Burlington, VT SP Int Environm & Modelling & Software Soc DE Land cover change; Net primary productivity; GEMS; Carbon budget; Uncertainty ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; UNITED-STATES; US FORESTS; BUDGET; SINK; SENEGAL; TRENDS; IMPACT; FUTURE AB Land cover change is one of the key driving forces for ecosystem carbon (C) dynamics. We present an approach for using sequential remotely sensed land cover observations and a biogeochemical model to estimate contemporary and future ecosystem carbon trends. applied the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modelling System (GEMS) for the Laurentian Plains and Hills ecoregion in the northeastern United States for the period of 1975-2025. The land cover changes, especially forest stand-replacing events, were detected on 30 randomly located 10-km by 10-km sample blocks, and were assimilated by GEMS for biogeochemical simulations. In GEMS, each unique combination of major controlling variables (including land cover change history) forms a geo-referenced simulation unit. For a forest simulation unit, a Monte Carlo process is used to determine forest type, forest age, forest biomass, and soil C, based on the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data and the U.S. General Soil Map (STATSGO) data. Ensemble simulations are performed for each simulation unit to incorporate input data uncertainty. Results show that on average forests of the Laurentian Plains and Hills ecoregion have been sequestrating 4.2 Tg C (1 teragram = 10(12) gram) per year, including 1.9 Tg C removed from the ecosystem as the consequences of land cover change. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Jinxun; Liu, Shuguang] USGS, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Liu, JX (reprint author), USGS, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jxliu@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 219 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 361 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.019 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381UD UT WOS:000261560500009 ER PT J AU Sebestyen, SD Boyer, EW Shanley, JB Kendall, C Doctor, DH Aiken, GR Ohte, N AF Sebestyen, Stephen D. Boyer, Elizabeth W. Shanley, James B. Kendall, Carol Doctor, Daniel H. Aiken, George R. Ohte, Nobuhito TI Sources, transformations, and hydrological processes that control stream nitrate and dissolved organic matter concentrations during snowmelt in an upland forest SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; TEMPERATE FORESTS; INORGANIC CARBON; STABLE-ISOTOPES; WATER CHEMISTRY; STORM RUNOFF; FRESH-WATER; NEW-ENGLAND; NITROGEN AB We explored catchment processes that control stream nutrient concentrations at an upland forest in northeastern Vermont, USA, where inputs of nitrogen via atmospheric deposition are among the highest in the nation and affect ecosystem functioning. We traced sources of water, nitrate, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) using stream water samples collected at high frequency during spring snowmelt. Hydrochemistry, isotopic tracers, and end-member mixing analyses suggested the timing, sources, and source areas from which water and nutrients entered the stream. Although stream-dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) both originated from leaching of soluble organic matter, flushing responses between these two DOM components varied because of dynamic shifts of hydrological flow paths and sources that supply the highest concentrations of DOC and DON. High concentrations of stream water nitrate originated from atmospheric sources as well as nitrified sources from catchment soils. We detected nitrification in surficial soils during late snowmelt which affected the nitrate supply that was available to be transported to streams. However, isotopic tracers showed that the majority of nitrate in upslope surficial soil waters after the onset of snowmelt originated from atmospheric sources. A fraction of the atmospheric nitrogen was directly delivered to the stream, and this finding highlights the importance of quick flow pathways during snowmelt events. These findings indicate that interactions among sources, transformations, and hydrologic transport processes must be deciphered to understand why concentrations vary over time and over space as well as to elucidate the direct effects of human activities on nutrient dynamics in upland forest streams. C1 [Sebestyen, Stephen D.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. [Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. [Doctor, Daniel H.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Ohte, Nobuhito] Univ Tokyo, Dept Forest Sci, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. RP Sebestyen, SD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 1831 Highway 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM ssebestyen@fs.fed.us; ewb100@psu.edu; jshanley@usgs.gov; ckendall@usgs.gov; dhdoctor@usgs.gov; graiken@usgs.gov; nobu@fr.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013; Sebestyen, Stephen/D-1238-2013; OI Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108; Ohte, Nobuhito/0000-0003-0658-6834 FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; Hydrology Section of the American Geophysical Union; Edna Bailey Sussman Fund; NRC; USGS Water Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets FX S. D. S. received support from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Horton Research grant of the Hydrology Section of the American Geophysical Union, and an Edna Bailey Sussman Fund grant. Other support came through a USDA-CSREES grant to E. W. B.; a NRC post doctoral research fellowship to D. H. D.; the USGS Water Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets program; and the USGS National Research Program. We appreciate field and logistical help from A. Chalmers, S. F. Clark, and J. Denner; laboratory expertise from M. G. Brown, D. Choy, P. J. McHale, M. Rollog, S. Silva, A. W. Thompson, S. D. Wankel, and M. B. Young; and logistical support from B. T. Aulenbach, B. L. Bedford, R. D. Briggs, C. P. Dawson, K. Z. Doctor, C. L. Goodale, K. A. Kendall, S. Means, J. J. McDonnell, M. Miller, R. Sauter, the W. L. Silver lab group, and the Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management at UC Berkeley. We appreciate reviews of earlier drafts by M. J. Mitchell, I. Buffam, S. Inamdar, and three anonymous reviewers. This article was developed under STAR Research Assistance agreement U-916154 and has not been reviewed by the EPA. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 69 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 7 U2 73 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 12 AR W12410 DI 10.1029/2008WR006983 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 383RK UT WOS:000261690900006 ER PT J AU Hechinger, RF Lafferty, KD Kuris, AM AF Hechinger, Ryan F. Lafferty, Kevin D. Kuris, Armand M. TI Diversity increases biomass production for trematode parasites in snails SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diversity; productivity; biomass; parasitic castrators; parasite communities; Cerithidea californica ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY EXPERIMENTS; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; PLANT DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; ANTAGONISM AB Increasing species diversity typically increases biomass in experimental assemblages. But there is uncertainty concerning the mechanisms of diversity effects and whether experimental findings are relevant to ecological process in nature. Hosts for parasites provide natural, discrete replicates of parasite assemblages. We considered how diversity affects standing-stock biomass for a highly interactive parasite guild: trematode parasitic castrators in snails. In 185 naturally occurring habitat replicates (individual hosts), diverse parasite assemblages had greater biomass than single-species assemblages, including those of their most productive species. Additionally, positive diversity effects strengthened as species segregated along a secondary niche axis (space). The most subordinate species-also the most productive when alone-altered the general positive effect, and was associated with negative diversity effects on biomass. These findings, on a previously unstudied consumer class, extend previous research to illustrate that functional diversity and species identity may generally both explain how diversity influences biomass production in natural assemblages of competing species. C1 [Hechinger, Ryan F.; Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hechinger, RF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM hechinger@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Hechinger, Ryan/F-6754-2010 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; FU US NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program [DEB-0224565] FX We are grateful to F. Mancini, L. Mababa, E. Abe and V. Frankel for field and/or laboratory work. We are indebted to B. Cardinale, M. Rigby and the anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the manuscript. We thank the UCNRS for access to field sites. Financial support came from a US NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program grant (DEB-0224565). Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 7 PY 2008 VL 275 IS 1652 BP 2707 EP 2714 DI 10.1098/rspb.2008.0875 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 363JZ UT WOS:000260264900008 PM 18700204 ER PT J AU Maupin, CR Quinn, TM Halley, RB AF Maupin, Christopher R. Quinn, Terrence M. Halley, Robert B. TI Extracting a climate signal from the skeletal geochemistry of the Caribbean coral Siderastrea siderea SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Siderastrea; Sr/Ca; SST ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HEMISPHERE WARM POOL; INTRA-AMERICA SEA; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; SEAWATER STRONTIUM; ISOTOPIC RECORD; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; ATLANTIC; RATIOS AB The first bimonthly time series of paired delta O-18 and Sr/Ca from the slow-growing coral Siderastrea siderea, from the Dry Tortugas, Florida, has been generated that documents that robust proxy climate records of the tropical Atlantic and IntraAmerican Seas can be produced from this massive coral. The time series contain a 20-year-long calibration window (1973-1992) for both delta O-18 and Sr/Ca and a 73-year-long verification window (1900-1972) for Sr/Ca. These time series permit the quantification of the relationship between coral delta O-18-SST and Sr/Ca-SST and the assessment of the stability of the proxy relationships over time. Both coral geochemical records are highly correlated with the augmented instrumental SST record through the calibration period, and Sr/Ca remains highly correlated through the verification period both at the bimonthly (r = -0.97) and annual average resolution (r = -0.72). Coral delta O-18 and Sr/Ca are highly reproducible within the same core, and Sr/Ca exhibits no extension-related vital effects. This study sets the stage for generating multicentury scale climate records from the tropical Atlantic Ocean using the skeletal geochemistry of this massive, but slow growing coral. C1 [Maupin, Christopher R.; Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Halley, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Maupin, CR (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM cmaupin@mail.utexas.edu RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 FU NOAA Coral Reef Watch Program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the enabling, contributions, and efforts of Ethan Goddard, Gene Shinn, Hali Kilbourne, Julie Richey, Kristine DeLong, and Mark Eakin. This project was partially supported with funding from the NOAA Coral Reef Watch Program. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 6 PY 2008 VL 9 AR Q12012 DI 10.1029/2008GC002106 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 380MP UT WOS:000261470100002 ER PT J AU Russell, P Thomas, N Byrne, S Herkenhoff, K Fishbaugh, K Bridges, N Okubo, C Milazzo, M Daubar, I Hansen, C McEwen, A AF Russell, Patrick Thomas, Nicolas Byrne, Shane Herkenhoff, Kenneth Fishbaugh, Kathryn Bridges, Nathan Okubo, Chris Milazzo, Moses Daubar, Ingrid Hansen, Candice McEwen, Alfred TI Seasonally active frost-dust avalanches on a north polar scarp of Mars captured by HiRISE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REGION AB North-polar temporal monitoring by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) orbiting Mars has discovered new, dramatic examples that Mars' CO2-dominated seasonal volatile cycle is not limited to quiet deposition and sublimation of frost. In early northern martian spring, 2008, HiRISE captured several cases of CO2 frost and dust cascading down a steep, polar scarp in discrete clouds. Analysis of morphology and process reveals these events to be similar to terrestrial powder avalanches, sluffs, and falls of loose, dry snow. Potential material sources and initiating mechanisms are discussed in the context of the Martian polar spring environment and of additional, active, aeolian processes observed on the plateau above the scarp. The scarp events are identified as a trigger for mass wasting of bright, fractured layers within the basal unit, and may indirectly influence the retreat rate of steep polar scarps in competing ways. Citation: Russell, P., et al. (2008), Seasonally active frost-dust avalanches on a north polar scarp of Mars captured by HiRISE, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L23204, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035790. C1 [Russell, Patrick; Thomas, Nicolas] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Dept Space Res & Planetary Sci, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Bridges, Nathan; Hansen, Candice] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Daubar, Ingrid; McEwen, Alfred] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, HiRISE Operat Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fishbaugh, Kathryn] Smithsonian Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Herkenhoff, Kenneth; Okubo, Chris; Milazzo, Moses] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Russell, P (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Dept Space Res & Planetary Sci, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM patrick.russell@space.unibe.ch; nicolas.thomas@space.unibe.ch; shane@lpl.arizona.edu; kherkenhoff@usgs.gov; fishbaughke@si.edu; nathan.t.bridges@jpl.nasa.gov; cokubo@usgs.gov; moses@usgs.gov; ingrid@pirl.lpl.arizona.edu; candice.j.hansen@jpl.nasa.gov; mcewen@pirl.lpl.arizona.edu RI Byrne, Shane/B-8104-2012; Daubar, Ingrid/N-1408-2013 FU Swiss National Science Foundation FX Thank you to P. Thomas and M. Koutnik for helpful reviews, the HiRISE and HiROC teams for help and discussions, and Sarah Mattson for jitter analysis. This work was supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 23 AR L23204 DI 10.1029/2008GL035790 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 380NA UT WOS:000261471200004 ER PT J AU Peng, ZG Vidale, JE Creager, KC Rubinstein, JL Gomberg, J Bodin, P AF Peng, Zhigang Vidale, John E. Creager, Kenneth C. Rubinstein, Justin L. Gomberg, Joan Bodin, Paul TI Strong tremor near Parkfield, CA, excited by the 2002 Denali Fault earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; NONVOLCANIC TREMOR; CALIFORNIA; SUBDUCTION; STRESSES; SLIP AB We show clear evidence of non-volcanic tremor triggered by 2002 Mw7.8 Denali Fault earthquake near Parkfield. Triggered tremor is identified as bursts of high-frequency (similar to 2-8 Hz), non-impulsive seismic energy whose envelope is coherent among many stations and has the same periodicity as the passing surface waves. The tremor originates from at least three hypocenters near the San Andreas fault with differing frictional regimes, two in the creeping section and the other where the San Andreas is transitional between creeping and locked. All the sources originate below the seismogenic zone, suggesting that transitional frictional properties are necessary conditions for tremor generation. Tremor is excited by the Love waves when the San Andreas is sheared in a right-lateral sense, encouraging slip, and is absent when the San Andreas is sheared in a left-lateral sense, consistent with a simple frictional response to the driving stress. C1 [Peng, Zhigang] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Gomberg, Joan] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rubinstein, Justin L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Peng, ZG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM zpeng@gatech.edu RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011; OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X; Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0809834: ZP, EAR-0809993: JEV] FX The data used in this study come from the High Resolution Seismic Network operated by Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, the Northern California Seismic Network (NCSN) operated by the U. S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, and are distributed by the northern California earthquake data center. We thank David Oppenheimer and Doug Neuhauser for extracting the high-sampling rate NCSN data used in this study, and Bob Nadeau for sharing his ambient tremor catalog with us. We also thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for the constructive comments. The study was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant EAR-0809834: ZP; grant EAR-0809993: JEV). NR 20 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 23 AR L23305 DI 10.1029/2008GL036080 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 380MZ UT WOS:000261471100007 ER PT J AU Lewis, KW Aharonson, O Grotzinger, JP Kirk, RL McEwen, AS Suer, TA AF Lewis, Kevin W. Aharonson, Oded Grotzinger, John P. Kirk, Randolph L. McEwen, Alfred S. Suer, Terry-Ann TI Quasi-Periodic Bedding in the Sedimentary Rock Record of Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLAR LAYERED DEPOSITS; ARABIA TERRA; STRATIGRAPHY; PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; CRATERS; CYCLES AB Widespread sedimentary rocks on Mars preserve evidence of surface conditions different from the modern cold and dry environment, although it is unknown how long conditions favorable to deposition persisted. We used 1- meter stereo topographic maps to demonstrate the presence of rhythmic bedding at several outcrops in the Arabia Terra region. Repeating beds are similar to 10 meters thick, and one site contains hundreds of meters of strata bundled into larger units at a similar to 10: 1 thickness ratio. This repetition likely points to cyclicity in environmental conditions, possibly as a result of astronomical forcing. If deposition were forced by orbital variation, the rocks may have been deposited over tens of millions of years. C1 [Lewis, Kevin W.; Aharonson, Oded; Grotzinger, John P.; Suer, Terry-Ann] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. [McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Lewis, KW (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM klewis@gps.caltech.edu RI Lewis, Kevin/E-5557-2012 FU NASA's Mars Data Analysis Program; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship FX Supported by NASA's Mars Data Analysis Program and by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship program. We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. NR 30 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 5 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 5907 BP 1532 EP 1535 DI 10.1126/science.1161870 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 379DU UT WOS:000261377400046 PM 19056983 ER PT J AU Blacic, TM Ito, G Shah, AK Canales, JP Lin, J AF Blacic, Tanya M. Ito, Garrett Shah, Anjana K. Canales, Juan Pablo Lin, Jian TI Axial high topography and partial melt in the crust and mantle beneath the western Galapagos Spreading Center SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE axial high; Galapagos Spreading Center; partial melt; lithospheric flexure ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; PLUME-RIDGE INTERACTION; MAGMA CHAMBER BENEATH; DEPTH POINT DATA; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; SEISMIC STRUCTURE; UPWELLING BENEATH; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; THERMAL STRUCTURE; OCEANIC-CRUST AB The hot spot-influenced western Galapagos Spreading Center ( GSC) has an axial topographic high that reaches heights of similar to 700 m relative to seafloor depth similar to 25 km from the axis. We investigate the cause of the unusual size of the axial high using a model that determines the flexural response to loads resulting from the thermal and magmatic structure of the lithosphere. The thermal structure simulated is appropriate for large amounts of cooling by hydrothermal circulation, which tends to minimize the amount of partial melt needed to explain the axial topography. Nonetheless, results reveal that the large axial high near 92 degrees W requires that either the crust below the magma lens contains >35% partial melt or that 20% melt is present in the lower crust and at least 3% in the mantle within a narrow column (35% in the crust are considered unreasonable, it is likely that much of the axial high region of the GSC is underlain by a narrow region of partially molten mantle of widths approaching those imaged seismically beneath the East Pacific Rise. A narrow zone of mantle upwelling and melting, driven largely by melt buoyancy, is a plausible explanation. C1 [Blacic, Tanya M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Ito, Garrett] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Shah, Anjana K.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Canales, Juan Pablo; Lin, Jian] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Blacic, TM (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM tblacic@uwyo.edu; gito@hawaii.edu; ashah@usgs.gov; jpcanales@whoi.edu; jlin@whoi.edu FU [NSF-OCE-0327051]; [NSF-OCE-0351234] FX We thank Dan Scheirer and Ginger Barth at the USGS for constructive presubmission comments. We also thank Suzanne M. Carbotte and Laurent Montesi for their careful and detailed reviews. Ito was supported by grants NSF-OCE-0327051 and NSF-OCE-0351234. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 4 PY 2008 VL 9 AR Q12005 DI 10.1029/2008GC002100 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 380ML UT WOS:000261469700002 ER PT J AU Calvin, WM Shoffner, JD Johnson, JR Knoll, AH Pocock, JM Squyres, SW Weitz, CM Arvidson, RE Bell, JF Christensen, PR de Souza, PA Farrand, WH Glotch, TD Herkenhoff, KE Jolliff, BL Knudson, AT McLennan, SM Rogers, AD Thompson, SD AF Calvin, W. M. Shoffner, J. D. Johnson, J. R. Knoll, A. H. Pocock, J. M. Squyres, S. W. Weitz, C. M. Arvidson, R. E. Bell, J. F., III Christensen, P. R. de Souza, P. A., Jr. Farrand, W. H. Glotch, T. D. Herkenhoff, K. E. Jolliff, B. L. Knudson, A. T. McLennan, S. M. Rogers, A. D. Thompson, S. D. TI Hematite spherules at Meridiani: Results from MI, Mini-TES, and Pancam SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID CALCITE-CEMENTED CONCRETIONS; OPPORTUNITY ROVER; MANGANESE NODULES; BURNS FORMATION; LANDING SITE; PLANUM; MARS; ORIGIN; SPECTROMETER; WATER AB We report on observations of hematite-bearing spherules at Meridiani Planum made using the Microscopic Imager (MI), Mini-Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES), and Panoramic Camera (Pancam) instruments on the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. Spherules were observed on soil surfaces and in outcrop rocks, both on undisturbed surfaces and in abraded surfaces ground using the Rock Abrasion Tool ( RAT). Spherule size and shape change little along the 850 m eastward traverse from Eagle Crater to Endurance Crater, but spherules decrease and then slightly increase in size along the 6 km traverse from Endurance south to Victoria Crater. Local populations range from submillimeters to several millimeters in diameter. An additional small diameter ( 100 mm) size population is possible. An increase in irregular shapes is found near Victoria Crater. This, combined with the size decrease south of Endurance, suggests either a changing depositional environment, or variation in the duration and timing of diagenetic events. The dominant smaller size population observed early in the mission in aeolian areas and ripple crests is observed as the primary size population in abraded outcrop farther south. This suggests that successively younger beds are exposed at the surface along the southward traverse. Stratigraphically higher units removed by erosion could be recorded by the present surface lag deposit. Coordinated systematic observations are used to determine optical and infrared hematite indices of the surface soils in Pancam and Mini-TES. In spite of the systematic variation seen in MI, both Pancam and Mini-TES indices are highly variable based on the local surface, and neither show systematic trends south of Endurance. The lack of a 390 cm(-1) feature in Mini-TES spectra suggests concentric or radial interior structure within the spherules at scales too fine for MI to observe. Mini-TES does not detect any silicate component in the spherules. A bound water component in soils or in exchange with the atmosphere is observed. These spherules have been previously interpreted as concretions formed within what were once water-saturated, diagenetically altered "dirty evaporate'' sandstone sediments. Our observations support this interpretation; however, no single terrestrial analog provides a model that can account for all attributes of the spherules on Mars. C1 [Calvin, W. M.; Shoffner, J. D.; Pocock, J. M.; Thompson, S. D.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Squyres, S. W.; Bell, J. F., III] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Arvidson, R. E.; Jolliff, B. L.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Christensen, P. R.; Knudson, A. T.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [de Souza, P. A., Jr.] CSIRO, Tasmanian ICT Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Farrand, W. H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Glotch, T. D.; McLennan, S. M.; Rogers, A. D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Johnson, J. R.; Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Knoll, A. H.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Weitz, C. M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Calvin, WM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, MS 172, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM wcalvin@unr.edu RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Centre, TasICT/D-1212-2011; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Rogers, Deanne/I-9737-2016 OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Rogers, Deanne/0000-0002-4671-2551 FU Mars Exploration Project [1243304] FX This work is supported by the Mars Exploration Project Participating Scientist grant 1243304 to Calvin with additional support from Nevada Space grant and EPSCoR programs. We appreciate the sustained, dedicated participation of the Athena Science team and JPL engineering staff in continued operation and science observations of Spirit and Opportunity. NR 69 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 4 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E12 AR E12S37 DI 10.1029/2007JE003048 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 380OS UT WOS:000261475600001 ER PT J AU Fergason, RL Christensen, PR AF Fergason, R. L. Christensen, P. R. TI Formation and erosion of layered materials: Geologic and dust cycle history of eastern Arabia Terra, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; MINI-TES EXPERIMENT; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; ORBITER CAMERA; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; VARIABLE FEATURES; WIND STREAKS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EXPLOSIVE VOLCANISM AB Eastern Arabia Terra is mantled in a layer of dust a few centimeters to a meter thick, yet contains morphologic features that suggest a history of multiple events of deposition and consolidation of fine-grained material and a significant amount of erosion. Early in Martian history, this region was affected by volcanic and fluvial activity but has since been dominated by aeolian processes. Five craters in this region contain interior mound material that ranges in height from 1600 to 2100 m above the crater floor. The fluted erosional pattern and the thermal inertia are suggestive of a weakly indurated material, and the extensive layering implies that these mounds were formed by a repeated process or processes. Although these materials primarily occur within craters, there are materials outside craters that have similar erosional features and fine laminations, suggesting a more extensive deposit. The most likely process to form this material is the deposition and cementation of air fall dust and is potentially related to Martian obliquity changes. The significant amount of erosion of the intracrater mounds unit indicates a dramatic change from a depositional environment to an erosional regime over the past 10(6)-10(8) years. Currently dust is accumulating in this region in years with planet-encircling dust events, but global circulation model results indicate that dust devils may be removing slight amounts of dust from Arabia Terra. These observations suggest that the thickness of the dust mantle may not be currently increasing and may instead be in equilibrium. C1 [Fergason, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Grp, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Christensen, P. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Mars Space Flight Facil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Fergason, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Grp, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rfergason@usgs.gov FU Mars Odyssey Science Office FX We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the clarity, overall scientific quality, and presentation of this work. We would like to thank Michael Kraft and Joshua Bandfield for reading early versions of this work; James Skinner for helping with crater counting; Hugh Kieffer for providing the thermal model used to derive THEMIS thermal inertia values; and Noel Gorelick, Christopher Edwards, Ryan Luk, Keith Nowicki, and the USGS Flagstaff ISIS software group for developing, and continuing to improve, the THEMIS mosaicing software used to create many of the figures in this manuscript. We also want to thank the THEMIS mission team, Kelly Bender, Jonathan Hill, Greg Mehall, and Kim Murray for acquiring, processing, and calibrating the THEMIS data set and the MOC and HiRISE teams for excellent images. This work was funded by the Mars Odyssey Science Office. NR 121 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 2 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E12 AR E12001 DI 10.1029/2007JE002973 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 380OO UT WOS:000261475200001 ER PT J AU Okubo, CH Lewis, KW McEwen, AS Kirk, RL AF Okubo, Chris H. Lewis, Kevin W. McEwen, Alfred S. Kirk, Randolph L. TI Relative age of interior layered deposits in southwest Candor Chasma based on high-resolution structural mapping SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID VALLES MARINERIS MARS; EXTENSIONAL SETTINGS; ORBITER CAMERA; MELAS CHASMA; EVOLUTION; FAULTS; PROPAGATION; TECTONICS; ORIGIN; MORPHOLOGY AB High-resolution topography generated from stereo HiRISE (High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) imagery reveals the meter-scale structure of interior layered deposits (ILD) in southwest Candor Chasma. This study seeks to determine the age of the local ILD relative to any normal faults that can be attributed to chasma formation. The study area is located near the contact of these ILD and the wall rock and is in an area where chasma-forming normal faults have been proposed. We find that while normal faults are found in the study area, these faults are not sufficiently large nor appropriately located or oriented to accommodate the roughly northeast-southwest extension that is required for normal faults that can be attributed to chasma formation. Additionally, bedding exposed in the local ILD generally dips toward the center of Candor Chasma, consistent with sediment deposition in a preexisting basin. Further, pit craters of Tithonia Catena, presumed to predate or be contemporaneous with the formation of west Candor Chasma, do not cut into the ILD within the study area. These independent lines of evidence support a postchasma age for the ILD exposed within the study area. Chasma-related normal faults may exist within these ILD at depth but are not exposed at the surface. Approximately 2 km of conformable stratigraphy is exposed in the study area, and therefore at least several kilometers of the local ILD were deposited subsequent to any chasma-related normal faulting that may have occurred in this part of Candor Chasma. C1 [Okubo, Chris H.; Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lewis, Kevin W.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Okubo, Chris H.; McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Okubo, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cokubo@usgs.gov RI Lewis, Kevin/E-5557-2012 FU NASA [NNX06AE01G] FX The authors acknowledge the contributions of the science and operations teams for HiRISE and MRO, without whom this work would not be possible. We thank Frank Fueten and Daniel Mege for comments that helped to improve this paper. This work is supported by a grant from NASA's Mars Data Analysis Program to C. H. Okubo (NNX06AE01G). NR 65 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 2 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E12 AR E12002 DI 10.1029/2008JE003181 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 380OO UT WOS:000261475200002 ER PT J AU Constantz, J AF Constantz, Jim TI Heat as a tracer to determine streambed water exchanges SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID NONSWELLING POROUS MATERIALS; GROUNDWATER TEMPERATURE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; BENEATH ARROYOS; TIME-SERIES; 2 SOILS; FLOW; INFILTRATION; STREAMFLOW AB This work reviews the use of heat as a tracer of shallow groundwater movement and describes current temperature-based approaches for estimating streambed water exchanges. Four common hydrologic conditions in stream channels are graphically depicted with the expected underlying streambed thermal responses, and techniques are discussed for installing and monitoring temperature and stage equipment for a range of hydrological environments. These techniques are divided into direct-measurement techniques in streams and streambeds, groundwater techniques relying on traditional observation wells, and remote sensing and other large-scale advanced temperature-acquisition techniques. A review of relevant literature suggests researchers often graphically visualize temperature data to enhance conceptual models of heat and water flow in the near-stream environment and to determine site-specific approaches of data analysis. Common visualizations of stream and streambed temperature patterns include thermographs, temperature envelopes, and one-, two-, and three-dimensional temperature contour plots. Heat and water transport governing equations are presented for the case of transport in streambeds, followed by methods of streambed data analysis, including simple heat-pulse arrival time and heat-loss procedures, analytical and time series solutions, and heat and water transport simulation models. A series of applications of these methods are presented for a variety of stream settings ranging from arid to continental climates. Progressive successes to quantify both streambed fluxes and the spatial extent of streambeds indicate heat-tracing tools help define the streambed as a spatially distinct field (analogous to soil science), rather than simply the lower boundary in stream research or an amorphous zone beneath the stream channel. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. RP Constantz, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. EM jconstan@usgs.gov FU Office of Ground-water and National Research Program, USGS FX I acknowledge collaboration with the Arizona, California, Nevada, and New Mexico Water Science Centers of the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) and funding from the Office of Ground-water and National Research Program, USGS. I thank Mary P. Anderson, University of Wisconsin, Madison, for her suggestion to summarize classic work by Walter Vaux. I thank the many graduate students who worked with me to develop heat as a tracer of streambed water exchanges, especially Amy E. Stewart (Alameda, California), Lisa Sarma (Paris, France), Christine E. Hatch (University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada), and Stephanie J. Moore (D. B. Stephens, Albuquerque, New Mexico), as well as my former student and colleague Richard G. Niswonger (USGS) and career-long colleagues David A. Stonestrom (USGS) and David E Prudic (USGS, retired). NR 106 TC 160 Z9 167 U1 21 U2 87 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 2 PY 2008 VL 44 AR W00D10 DI 10.1029/2008WR006996 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 380PR UT WOS:000261478100002 ER PT J AU Jain, TB Gould, WA Graham, RT Pilliod, DS Lentile, LB Gonzalez, G AF Jain, Theresa B. Gould, William A. Graham, Russell T. Pilliod, David S. Lentile, Leigh B. Gonzalez, Grizelle TI A Soil Burn Severity Index for Understanding Soil-fire Relations in Tropical Forests SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID DRY FOREST; EASTERN AMAZON; WATER REPELLENCY; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; POSTFIRE RUNOFF; ORGANIC-MATTER; NUTRIENT POOLS; BIOMASS; DEFORESTATION; INDONESIA AB Methods for evaluating the impact of fires within tropical forests are needed as fires become more frequent and human populations and demands on forests increase. Short- and long-term fire effects on soils are determined by the prefire, fire, and postfire environments. We placed these components within a fire-disturbance continuum to guide our literature synthesis and develop an integrated soil burn severity index. The soil burn severity index provides a set of indicators that reflect the range of conditions present after a fire. The index consists of seven levels, an unburned level and six other levels that describe a range of postfire soil conditions. We view this index as a tool for understanding the effects of fires on the forest floor, with the realization that as new information is gained, the index may be modified as warranted. C1 [Jain, Theresa B.; Graham, Russell T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Gould, William A.; Gonzalez, Grizelle] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Lentile, Leigh B.] Univ South, Sewanee, TN 37375 USA. RP Jain, TB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM tjain@fs.fed.us; wgould@fs.fed.us; rtgraham@fs.fed.us; dpilliod@usgs.gov; lbelentil@sewanee.edu; ggonzalez@fs.fed.us OI Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735; Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 7-8 BP 563 EP 568 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GU UT WOS:000262292000008 PM 19205179 ER PT J AU Weaver, PL Schwagerl, JJ AF Weaver, Peter L. Schwagerl, Joseph J. TI Secondary Forest Succession and Tree Planting at the Laguna Cartagena and Cabo Rojo Wildlife Refuges in Southwestern Puerto Rico SO AMBIO LA English DT Article AB Secondary forest succession and tree planting are contributing to the recovery of the Cabo Rojo refuge (Headquarters and Salinas tracts) and Laguna Cartagena refuge (Lagoon and Tinaja tracts) of the Fish and Wildlife Service in southwestern Puerto Rico. About 80 species, mainly natives, have been planted on 44 ha during the past 25 y in an effort to reduce the threat of grass fires and to restore wildlife habitat. A 2007 survey of 9-y-old tree plantings on the Lagoon tract showed satisfactory growth rates for 16 native species. Multiple stems from individual trees at ground level were common. A sampling of secondary forest on the entire 109 ha Tinaja tract disclosed 141 native tree species, or 25% of Puerto Rico's native tree flora, along with 20 exotics. Five tree species made up about 58% of the total basal area, and seven species were island endemics. Between 1998 and 2003, tree numbers and basal area, as well as tree heights and diameter at breast height values (diameter at 1.4 m above the ground), increased on the lower 30 ha of the Tinaja tract. In this area, much of it subject to fires and grazing through 1996, exotic trees made up 25% of the species. Dry forest throughout the tropics is an endangered habitat, and its recovery (i.e., in biomass, structure, and species composition) at Tinaja may exceed 500 y. Future forests, however, will likely contain some exotics. C1 [Weaver, Peter L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. [Schwagerl, Joseph J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Boqueron, PR 00622 USA. RP Weaver, PL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, 1201 Calle Ceiba, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. EM pweaver@fs.fed.us; joseph_schwagerl@fws.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 7-8 BP 598 EP 603 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GU UT WOS:000262292000012 PM 19205183 ER PT J AU Maloney, JG Newsome, A Huang, JJ Kirby, J Dunlap, B Yabsley, M Dunn, JR Carpenter, LR Jones, TF Moncayo, AC AF Maloney, Jenny G. Newsome, Anthony Huang, Junjun Kirby, Jordona Dunlap, Brett Yabsley, Michael Dunn, John R. Carpenter, L. Rand Jones, Timothy F. Moncayo, Abelardo C. TI SEROPREVALENCE OF TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI IN RACCOONS IN TENNESSEE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Maloney, Jenny G.; Newsome, Anthony] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 USA. [Huang, Junjun; Dunn, John R.; Carpenter, L. Rand; Jones, Timothy F.; Moncayo, Abelardo C.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Dunlap, Brett] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Nashville, TN USA. [Yabsley, Michael] Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 551 BP 162 EP 162 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644600550 ER PT J AU LaBeaud, AD Cross, PC Getz, WM King, CH AF LaBeaud, A. Desiree Cross, Paul C. Getz, Wayne M. King, Charles H. TI RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS INFECTION IN AFRICAN BUFFALO (SYNCERUS CAFFER) HERDS IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA-EVIDENCE OF INTER-EPIZOOTIC TRANSMISSION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [LaBeaud, A. Desiree; King, Charles H.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] USGS, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Getz, Wayne M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 1132 BP 332 EP 332 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601495 ER PT J AU Osorio, JE Lams, KP Meteyer, C Pussini, N Falendyz, E Londono-Navas, A Rocke, TE AF Osorio, Jorge E. Lams, Keith P. Meteyer, Carol Pussini, Nicola Falendyz, Elizabeth Londono-Navas, Angela Rocke, Tonie E. TI VISUALIZATION OF MONKEYPOX VIRUS PATHOGENESIS BY IN VIVO IMAGING SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Osorio, Jorge E.; Lams, Keith P.; Falendyz, Elizabeth; Londono-Navas, Angela] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Pussini, Nicola; Rocke, Tonie E.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 1161 BP 341 EP 341 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601524 ER PT J AU Mulard, H Aubin, T White, JF Hatch, SA Danchin, E AF Mulard, Herve Aubin, Thierry White, Joel F. Hatch, Scott A. Danchin, Etienne TI Experimental evidence of vocal recognition in young and adult black-legged kittiwakes SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE black-legged kittiwake; long call; mate recognition; parent-offspring recognition; playback; Rissa tridactyla; vocal communication ID LAUGHING GULL CHICKS; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA L; ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION; SITE FIDELITY; MATE FIDELITY; COLONY; PARENTS; RECRUITMENT; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS AB Individual recognition is required in most social interactions, and its presence has been confirmed in many species. In birds, vocal cues appear to be a major component of recognition. Curiously, vocal recognition seems absent or limited in some highly social species such as the black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla. Using playback experiments, we found that kittiwake chicks recognized their parents vocally, this capacity being detectable as early as 20 days after hatching, the youngest age tested. Mates also recognized each other's long calls. Some birds reacted to their partner's voice when only a part of the long call was played back. Nevertheless, only about a third of the tested birds reacted to their mate's or parents' call and we were unable to detect recognition among neighbours. We discuss the low reactivity of kittiwakes in relation to their cliff-nesting habit and compare our results with evidence of vocal recognition in other larids. (C) 2008 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mulard, Herve; White, Joel F.; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Paris 06, Ecol Lab, UMR 7625, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Mulard, Herve; White, Joel F.] Austrian Acad Sci, Konrad Lorenz Inst Ethol, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Aubin, Thierry] Univ Paris 11, Lab Mecanismes Commun, UMR 8620, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Mulard, H (reprint author), Univ St Etienne, Lab Ecol & Neurol Sensorielles, 23 Rue Paul Michelon, F-42023 St Etienne 02, France. EM hmulard@snv.jussieu.fr RI White, Joel/D-8482-2011; Danchin, Etienne/A-2299-2009 FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor ('Programme Arctique 429' 2004-2007); French GDR2155 'Ecologie comportementale' FX We thank A. Lambrechts, M. Kryloff, M. du Toit, J. Kotzerka and C. Gouraud who helped during the experiments and three anonymous referees for their helpful comments on the manuscript. The study was financed by a 4-year grant from the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor ('Programme Arctique 429' 2004-2007), and was part of the French GDR2155 'Ecologie comportementale'. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 76 BP 1855 EP 1861 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.07.030 PN 6 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 376CQ UT WOS:000261161000009 ER PT J AU Watson, CA Weckerly, FW Hatfield, JS Farquhar, CC Williamson, PS AF Watson, C. A. Weckerly, F. W. Hatfield, J. S. Farquhar, C. C. Williamson, P. S. TI Presence-nonpresence surveys of golden-cheeked warblers: detection, occupancy and survey effort SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE closure; detection-nondetection survey; detection probability; golden-cheeked warbler; occupancy; Texas ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; DETECTION PROBABILITY PARAMETERS; PRESENCE-ABSENCE DATA; POINT COUNTS; ABUNDANCE; DAWN AB Surveys to detect the presence or absence of endangered species may not consistently cover an area, account for imperfect detection or consider that detection and species presence at sample units may change within a survey season. We evaluated a detection-nondetection survey method for the federally endangered golden-cheeked warbler (GCWA) Dendroica chrysoparia. Three study areas were selected across the breeding range of GCWA in central Texas. Within each area, 28-36 detection stations were placed 200 m apart. Each detection station was surveyed nine times during the breeding season in 2 consecutive years. Surveyors remained up to 8 min at each detection station recording GCWA detected by sight or sound. To assess the potential influence of environmental covariates (e.g. slope, aspect, canopy cover, study area) on detection and occupancy and possible changes in occupancy and detection probabilities within breeding seasons, 30 models were analyzed. Using information-theoretic model selection procedures, we found that detection probabilities and occupancy varied among study areas and within breeding seasons. Detection probabilities ranged from 0.20 to 0.80 and occupancy ranged from 0.56 to 0.95. Because study areas with high detection probabilities had high occupancy, a conservative survey effort (erred towards too much surveying) was estimated using the lowest detection probability. We determined that nine surveys of 35 stations were needed to have estimates of occupancy with coefficients of variation <= 20%. Our survey evaluation evidently captured the key environmental variable that influenced bird detection (GCWA density) and accommodated the changes in GCWA distribution throughout the breeding season. C1 [Weckerly, F. W.; Williamson, P. S.] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Watson, C. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Hatfield, J. S.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Farquhar, C. C.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Austin, TX 78744 USA. RP Weckerly, FW (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM fw11@txstate.edu FU United States Geological Survey; United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX J. Milliken, G. Cryer, C. Sperry, C. Keistler, D. Romaine-Houston, D. Francis, A. Baker and R. Watson assisted with. field work. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department granted research permits and D. Hisler, E. Holmback and C. Van Barlee provided assistance at Government Canyon State Natural Area and Garner State Park. C. Sexton at Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge was quite helpful. Funding was provided by the United States Geological Survey and United States Fish and Wildlife Service. D. MacKenzie, J. Nichols, L. Bailey and J. Hine at the San Marcos Occupancy Workshop patiently addressed questions and provided useful suggestions about data analyses. The views in this paper are of the authors and not necessarily those of any agency. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 6 BP 484 EP 492 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00204.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 384YR UT WOS:000261780600007 ER PT J AU Galkiewicz, JP Kellogg, CA AF Galkiewicz, Julia P. Kellogg, Christina A. TI Cross-Kingdom Amplification Using Bacteria-Specific Primers: Complications for Studies of Coral Microbial Ecology SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REEF-BUILDING CORALS; UNIVERSAL PRIMERS; PCR PRIMERS; DIVERSITY; GENES; POPULATIONS; DISEASE; ARCHAEA; DESIGN AB PCR amplification of pure bacterial DNA is vital to the study of bacterial interactions with corals. Commonly used Bacteria-specific primers 8F and 27F paired with the universal primer 1492R amplify both eukaryotic and prokaryotic rRNA genes. An alternative primer set, 63F/1542R, is suggested to resolve this problem. C1 [Kellogg, Christina A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Galkiewicz, Julia P.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Kellogg, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ckellogg@usgs.gov RI Kellogg, Christina/B-3257-2009 NR 36 TC 56 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 74 IS 24 BP 7828 EP 7831 DI 10.1128/AEM.01303-08 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 381CU UT WOS:000261513700047 PM 18931299 ER PT J AU Balistrieri, LS Blank, RG AF Balistrieri, Laurie S. Blank, Richard G. TI Dissolved and labile concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the South Fork Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho: Comparisons among chemical equilibrium models and implications for biotic ligand models SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; IN-SITU SPECIATION; TRACE-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; METAL-ION BINDING; THIN-FILMS DGT; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; DIFFUSIVE GRADIENTS AB In order to evaluate thermodynamic speciation calculations inherent in biotic ligand models, the speciation of dissolved Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in aquatic systems influenced by historical mining activities is examined using equilibrium computer models and the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique. Several metal/organic-matter complexation models, including WHAM VI, NICA-Donnan, and Stockholm Humic model (SHM), are used in combination with inorganic speciation models to calculate the thermodynamic speciation of dissolved metals and concentrations of metal associated with biotic ligands (e.g., fish gills). Maximum dynamic metal concentrations, determined from total dissolved metal concentrations and thermodynamic speciation calculations, are compared with labile metal concentrations measured by DGT to assess which metal/organic-matter complexation model best describes metal speciation and, thereby, biotic ligand speciation, in the studied systems. Results indicate that the choice of model that defines metal/organic-matter interactions does not affect calculated concentrations of Cd and Zn associated with biotic ligands for geochemical conditions in the study area, whereas concentrations of Cu and Pb associated with biotic ligands depend on whether the speciation calculations use WHAM VI, NICA-Donnan, or SHM. Agreement between labile metal concentrations and dynamic metal concentrations occurs when WHAM VI is used to calculate Cu speciation and SHM is used to calculate Pb speciation. Additional work in systems that contain wide ranges in concentrations of multiple metals should incorporate analytical speciation methods, such as DGT, to constrain the speciation component of biotic ligand models. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Balistrieri, Laurie S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Blank, Richard G.] Geospiza, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. RP Balistrieri, LS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM balistri@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program FX The work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program. Monique Adams and Pete Theodorakos, U.S. Geological Survey, did the chemical analyses. Kathy Smith, Andrew Todd, Jane Ciener and Briant Kimball of the U.S. Geological Survey and an anonymous this paper is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the USGS. NR 78 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 12 BP 3355 EP 3371 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.06.031 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 387PI UT WOS:000261963700008 ER PT J AU Oze, C Skinner, C Schroth, AW Coleman, RG AF Oze, Christopher Skinner, Catherine Schroth, Andrew W. Coleman, Robert G. TI Growing up green on serpentine soils: Biogeochemistry of serpentine vegetation in the Central Coast Range of California SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMIUM; PLANTS; GEOCHEMISTRY; SPECIATION; ECOLOGY; COMPLEX; NICKEL; FOREST; ROCKS; LEAD AB Serpentine soils derived from the weathering of ultramafic rocks and their metamorphic derivatives (serpentinites) are chemically prohibitive for vegetative growth. Evaluating how serpentine vegetation is able to persist under these chemical conditions is difficult to ascertain due to the numerous factors (climate, relief, time, water availability, etc.) controlling and affecting plant growth. Here, the uptake, incorporation, and distribution of a wide variety of elements into the biomass of serpentine vegetation has been investigated relative to vegetation growing on an adjacent chert-derived soil. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic C, total N, soil extractable elements, total soil elemental compositions and plant digestions in conjunction with spider diagrams are utilized to determine the chemical relationships of these soil and plant systems. Plant available Mg and Ca in serpentine soils exceed values assessed in chert soils. Magnesium is nearly 3 times more abundant than Ca in the serpentine soils; however. the serpentine soils are not Ca deficient with Ca concentrations as high as 2235mgkg(-1). Calcium to Mg ratios (Ca:Mg) in both serpentine and chert vegetation are greater than one in both below and above ground tissues. Soil and plant chemistry analyses support that Ca is not a limiting factor for plant growth and that serpentine vegetation is actively moderating Mg uptake as well as tolerating elevated concentrations of bioavailable Mg. Additionally, results demonstrate that Serpentine vegetation suppresses the uptake of Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn and Co, into its biomass. The suppressed uptake of these metals mainly occurs in the plants' roots as evident by the comparatively lower metal concentrations present in above ground tissues (twigs, leaves and shoots). This research supports earlier studies that have suggested that ion uptake discrimination and ion suppression in the roots are major mechanisms for serpentine vegetation to tolerate the chemistry of serpentine soils. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Oze, Christopher] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Geol, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. [Skinner, Catherine] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Schroth, Andrew W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Coleman, Robert G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Oze, C (reprint author), Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Geol, 101 N Mer Ave, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. EM coze@brynmawr.edu NR 42 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 12 BP 3391 EP 3403 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.014 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 387PI UT WOS:000261963700011 ER PT J AU Cravotta, CA AF Cravotta, Charles A., III TI Laboratory and field evaluation of a flushable oxic limestone drain for treatment of net-acidic drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED METALS; IRON; NEUTRALIZATION; ALKALINITY; SULFATE; CALCITE; WATERS AB This paper demonstrates the use of dissolution-rate data obtained in the laboratory to indicate the potential quality of effluent from a field-scale oxic limestone drain (OLD) treatment system for neutralization of dilute acidic mine drainage (AMD). Effluent from the Reevesdale Mine South Dip Tunnel, a large source of AMD and base flow to the Wabash Creek and Little Schuylkill River in the Southern Anthracite Coalfield of east-central Pennsylvania, is representative of AMD with low concentrations but high loadings of dissolved Fe, Al and other metals because of a high flow rate. In January 2003, rapid neutralization of the AMD from the Reevesdale Mine was achieved in laboratory tests of its reaction rate with crushed limestone in closed, collapsible containers (Cubitainers). The tests showed that net-alkaline effluent could be achieved with retention times greater than 3 h and that effluent alkalinities and associated dissolution rates were equivalent for Fe(OH)(3)-coated and uncoated limestone. On the basis of the laboratory results, a flushable OLD containing 1450 metric tons of high-purity calcitic limestone followed by two 0.7-m deep wetlands were constructed at the Reevesdale Mine. During the first year of operation, monthly data at the inflow, outflow and intermediate points within the treatment system were collected (April 2006-2007). The inflow to the treatment system ranged from 6.8 to 27.4 L/s, with median pH of 4.7, net acidity of 9.1 mg/L CaCO(3), and concentrations of dissolved Al, Fe and Mn of 1.0, 1.9 and 0.89 mg/L respectively. The corresponding effluent from the OLD had computed void-volume retention times of 4.5-18 h, with median pH of 6.6, net acidity of -93.2 mg/L CaCO(3), and concentrations of dissolved All, Fe and Mn of < 0.1, 0.08 and 0.52 mg/L, respectively. The wetlands below the OLD were effective for retaining metal-rich solids flushed at monthly or more frequent intervals from the OLD, but otherwise had little effect on the effluent quality. During the first year of operation, approximately 43 metric tons of limestone were dissolved and 2 metric tons of A[, Fe and Mn were precipitated within the OLD. However, because of the accumulation of these metals within the OLD and possibly other debris from the mine, the effectiveness of the treatment system declined. Despite the installation of a flush-pipe network at the base of the OLD to remove precipitated solids, the limestone bed clogged near the inflow. Consequently, a large fraction of the AMD bypassed the treatment system. To promote flow through the OLD, the flush pipes were open continuously during the last 4 months of the study: however, this effluent was only partially treated because short-circuiting through the pipes decreased contact between the effluent and limestone. A reconfiguration of the flow path through the limestone bed from horizontal to vertical upward could increase the limestone surface area exposed to the metal-laden influent, increase the cross-sectional area perpendicular to flow, decrease the flow path for solids removal, and, consequently, decrease potential for clogging. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Cravotta, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, 215 Limeklin Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. EM cravotta@usgs.gov NR 70 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 12 BP 3404 EP 3422 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.015 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 387PI UT WOS:000261963700012 ER PT J AU Naftz, D Angeroth, C Kenney, T Waddell, B Darnall, N Silva, S Perschon, C Whitehead, J AF Naftz, David Angeroth, Cory Kenney, Terry Waddell, Bruce Darnall, Nathan Silva, Steven Perschon, Clay Whitehead, John TI Reply to the comment on "Anthropogenic influences on the input and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and mercury in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA", by Mae Gustin SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Naftz, David; Angeroth, Cory; Kenney, Terry] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Waddell, Bruce; Darnall, Nathan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Silva, Steven] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Perschon, Clay] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Whitehead, John] Utah Dept Environm Qual, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Naftz, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM dlnaftz@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 12 BP 3854 EP 3855 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.08.003 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 387PI UT WOS:000261963700046 ER PT J AU Jones, BM Hinkel, KM Arpi, CD Eisner, WR AF Jones, Benjamin M. Hinkel, Kenneth M. Arpi, Christopher D. Eisner, Wendy R. TI Modem Erosion Rates and Loss of Coastal Features and Sites, Beaufort Sea Coastline, Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Arctic; Beaufort Sea coastline; coastal erosion; shoreline analysis ID THAW LAKE BASINS; NORTHERN ALASKA; STORM SURGES; CARBON; PLAIN AB This study presents modern erosion rate measurements based upon vertical aerial photography captured in 1955, 1979, and 2002 for a 100 kin segment of the Beaufort Sea coastline. Annual erosion rates from 1955 to 2002 averaged 5.6 m a(.1). However, mean erosion rates increased from 5.0 in a(.1) in 1955-79 to 6.2 in a(.1) in 1979-2002. Furthermore, from the first period to the second, erosion rates increased at 60% (598) of the 992 sites analyzed, decreased at 31% (307), and changed less than +/- 30 cm at 9% (87). Historical observations and quantitative studies over the past 175 years allowed LIS to place our erosion rate measurements into a longer-term context. Several of the coastal features along this stretch of coastline received Western place names during the Dease and Simpson expedition in 1837, and the majority of those features had been lost by the early 1900s as a result of coastline erosion, suggesting that erosion has been active over at least the historical record. Incorporation of historical and modern observations also allowed us to detect the loss of both cultural and historical sites and modern infrastructure. U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps reveal a number of known cultural and historical sites, as well as sites with modern infrastructure constructed as recently as the 1950s, that had disappeared by the early 2000s as a result of coastal erosion. We were also able to identify sites that are currently being threatened by an encroaching coastline. Our modern erosion rate measurements can potentially be used to predict when a historical site or modern infrastructure will be affected if such erosion rates persist. C1 [Jones, Benjamin M.; Arpi, Christopher D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hinkel, Kenneth M.; Eisner, Wendy R.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Jones, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bjones@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center.; United States government FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the United States government. This paper benefited from the reviews of A.C. Brown, Ann Gibbs, Carl Markon, Dave Yokel, Shane Walker, Julie Brigham-Grette, and one anonymous reviewer. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 13 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 2008 VL 61 IS 4 BP 361 EP 372 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 397RS UT WOS:000262680400002 ER PT J AU Garrison, V Ward, G AF Garrison, Virginia Ward, Greg TI Storm-generated coral fragments - A viable source of transplants for reef rehabilitation SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Acropora palmata; Acroporid; Coral reef decline; Coral reef rehabilitation; Fragmentation; Coral transplants ID US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; WHITE-BAND DISEASE; ACROPORA-PALMATA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SHALLOW ACROPORA; ASEXUAL RECRUITS; STAGHORN CORALS; FORT-LAUDERDALE; BUILDING CORALS; GROWTH-RATES AB Coral reefs throughout the world have been damaged by storms, diseases, coral predators, temperature anomalies, and human activities. During the past three decades, recovery has been limited and patchy. Although a damaged coral reef cannot be restored to its original condition, interest in reef restoration is increasing. In a pilot project in the Caribbean (US Virgin Islands), storm-produced fragments of Acropora palmata, A. cervicornis, and Porites porites were collected from donor reefs and transplanted to nearby degraded reefs. Sixty coral fragments were attached to dead-coral substrate (usually A. palmata skeletons), at similar depths from which they had been collected (1-3.5 m), using nylon cable ties. Seventy-five intact colonies were designated as controls. Study colonies were assessed at 6-month intervals for 2 years (1999-2001) and annually thereafter (through 2004). One-fourth of the 135 colonies and fragments monitored were alive at the conclusion of the 5-year study. Survival of control and transplanted A. cervicornis and P. porites was very low (median survival 2.4 and 1.8 years, respectively), with no significant differences between transplant and control colonies. Site and depth did not contribute significantly to A. palmata colony survival, but colony size and transplant/control status did. Probability of survival increased with colony size. Median survival for A. palmata was 1.3 years for transplant and 4.3 years for natural colonies when not controlled for size. A. palmata was the only viable candidate for reef rehabilitation. Storm swells were the primary cause of mortality. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Garrison, Virginia; Ward, Greg] US Geol Survey, Comp Sci Corp, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Garrison, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Comp Sci Corp, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ginger_garrison@usgs.gov; gward@coastalplanning.net FU National Park Foundation and Canon USA, Inc; Virgin islands National Park; US Geological Survey; NPS [VIIS-2002-SCI-0012, VIIS-0217, VIIS-2004-SCI0023, VIIS-04020] FX This publication is dedicated in memory of M. Quade who infused the project with curiosity, enthusiasm, and joy. The coral reef conservation and ecology education components of the study exceeded all expectations and extended far beyond the local Virgin islands community to a global audience thanks to the enthusiasm and dedicated field work of: S. Caseau, D. Downs, T. Kelley, E. Link, W. Stelzer, R. Waara, 70 community volunteers, the Pine Peace School 5th- and 6th-grade science classes, and the Friends of Virgin Islands National Park (B. Bremser-Nielsen and J. Garrison). Thanks to C. Rogers for fruitful discussions that were instrumental in project design, and to I. Kuffner, W. Jaap, and anonymous reviewers for their constructive and thought-provoking comments. The project was funded by the National Park Foundation and Canon USA, Inc., Virgin islands National Park, and the US Geological Survey. This research was conducted under NPS permits #VIIS-2002-SCI-0012 (VIIS-0217), VIIS-2004-SCI0023 (VIIS-04020). The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 83 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 141 IS 12 BP 3089 EP 3100 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.09.020 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381ZR UT WOS:000261574900017 ER PT J AU Perlut, NG Strong, AM Donovan, TM Buckley, NJ AF Perlut, Noah G. Strong, Allan M. Donovan, Therese M. Buckley, Neil J. TI Regional population viability of grassland songbirds: Effects of agricultural management SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Apparent survival; Bobolink; Grassland management; Recruitment; Rotational grazing; Savannah Sparrow ID HARVESTING SWITCHGRASS; FARMLAND BIRDS; INTENSIFICATION; SURVIVAL; HABITAT; BIOMASS; BIODIVERSITY; RECRUITMENT; LANDSCAPES; DISPERSAL AB Although population declines of grassland songbirds in North America and Europe are well-documented, the effect of local processes on regional population persistence is unclear. To assess population viability of grassland songbirds at a regional scale (similar to 150,000ha), we quantified Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis and Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus annual productivity, adult apparent survival, habitat selection, and density in the four most (regionally) common grassland treatments. We applied these data to a female-based, stochastic, pre-breeding population model to examine whether current grassland management practices can sustain viable populations of breeding songbirds. Additionally, we evaluated six conservation strategies to determine which would most effectively increase population trends. Given baseline conditions, over 10 years, simulations showed a slightly declining or stable Savannah Sparrow population (mean bootstrap lambda = 0.99; 95% CI = 1.00-0.989) and severely declining Bobolink population (mean bootstrap lambda = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.753-0.747). Savannah Sparrow populations were sensitive to increases in all demographic parameters, particularly adult survival. However for Bobolinks, increasing adult apparent survival, juvenile apparent survival, or preference by changing habitat selection cues for late-hayed fields (highest quality) only slightly decreased the rate of decline. For both species, increasing the amount of high-quality habitat (late- and middle-hayed) marginally slowed population declines; increasing the amount of low-quality habitat (early-hayed and grazed) marginally increased population declines. Both species were most sensitive to low productivity and survival on early-hayed fields, despite the fact that this habitat comprised only 18% of the landscape. Management plans for all agricultural regions should increase quality on both low- and high-quality fields by balancing habitat needs, nesting phenology, and species' response to management. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Perlut, Noah G.; Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Buckley, Neil J.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. RP Perlut, NG (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM nperlut@uvm.edu FU Future Agricultural and Food Systems; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2001-52103-11351, 0335101-13817]; Natural Resource Conservation Service's Wildlife Habitat Management Institute FX This project was supported by the initiative for Future Agricultural and Food Systems and the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant numbers 2001-52103-11351 and 0335101-13817, respectively. Additional funding was provided by the Natural Resource Conservation Service's Wildlife Habitat Management Institute. We thank the following farms, land owners and land managers for allowing us to conduct our research on their lands: Shelburne Farms and Sam Dixon, W.H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute, the Ross, Maille, Thibault, Bubbins, Seymour, and Fischer families. Thanks to D. Diefenbach, R. Renfrew, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. Stellar field work by D. Shustack, N. Zalik, L. MacDade, D. Leblanc, C. Lucas, D. Wells, R. Spaul, E. Martinsen, T. Marks, T. Lawrence, C. Jager, A. Webbe, C. Lang, K. Willard, H. Murray, N. Fajardo, Z. Rowe, R. Masse, L. Little, S. Thompson, P. Jones, K. Juneau, E. Philp, E. Stevens, W, Ehmann, M. Hughes, J. Simon, N. MacKentley, E. Henry, B. Knapp, E. Hinchey, D. Rotkin, and K. Martin. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by U.S.G.S., University of Vermont, Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 141 IS 12 BP 3139 EP 3151 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.09.011 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381ZR UT WOS:000261574900021 ER PT J AU Muths, E Pilliod, DS Livo, LJ AF Muths, Erin Pilliod, David S. Livo, Lauren J. TI Distribution and environmental limitations of an amphibian pathogen in the Rocky Mountains, USA (vol 141, pg 1484, 2008) SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Correction C1 [Muths, Erin] USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Livo, Lauren J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Physiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Muths, E (reprint author), USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM muthse@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 141 IS 12 BP 3170 EP 3170 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.09.012 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381ZR UT WOS:000261574900023 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Blum, MJ Rashleigh, B Freeman, BJ Porter, BA Burkhead, NM AF Walters, David M. Blum, Mike J. Rashleigh, Brenda Freeman, Byron J. Porter, Brady A. Burkhead, Noel M. TI Red shiner invasion and hybridization with blacktail shiner in the upper Coosa River, USA SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Land use; Turbidity; Hybrid swarm; Introgression; Southeastern fishes; Disturbance ID NOTROPIS-LUTRENSIS; FRESH-WATER; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SEXUAL SELECTION; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; CONSERVATION; CYPRINIDAE; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; HYBRID AB Human disturbance increases the invasibility of lotic ecosystems and the likelihood of hybridization between invasive and native species. We investigated whether disturbance contributed to the invasion of red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) and their hybridization with native blacktail shiner (C. venusta stigmatura) in the Upper Coosa River System (UCRS). Historical records indicated that red shiners and hybrids rapidly dispersed in the UCRS via large, mainstem rivers since the mid to late 1990s. We measured the occurrence and abundance of parental species and hybrids near tributary-mainstem confluences and characterized populations at these incipient contact zones by examining variation across morphological traits and molecular markers. Red shiners represented only 1.2% of total catch in tributaries yet introgression was widespread with hybrids accounting for 34% of total catch. Occurrence of red shiners and hybrids was highly correlated with occurrence of blacktail shiners, indicating that streams with native populations are preferentially colonized early in the invasion and that hybridization is a key process in the establishment of red shiners and their genome in new habitats. Tributary invasion was driven by post-F1 hybrids with proportionately greater genomic contributions from blacktail shiner. Occurrence of red shiners and hybrids and the relative abundance of hybrids significantly increased with measures of human disturbance including turbidity, catchment agricultural land use, and low dissolved oxygen concentration. Red shiners are a significant threat to Southeast Cyprinella diversity, given that 41% of these species hybridize with red shiner, that five southeastern drainages are invaded, and that these drainages are increasingly disturbed by urbanization. C1 [Walters, David M.; Blum, Mike J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Blum, Mike J.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Rashleigh, Brenda] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Porter, Brady A.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. [Burkhead, Noel M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W MLK Blvd, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM walters.davidm@epa.gov RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012 NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2008 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1229 EP 1242 DI 10.1007/s10530-007-9198-6 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 363ZT UT WOS:000260306700004 ER PT J AU Peck, RW Banko, PC Schwarzfeld, M Euaparadorn, M Brinck, KW AF Peck, Robert W. Banko, Paul C. Schwarzfeld, Marla Euaparadorn, Melody Brinck, Kevin W. TI Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai'i Island SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Alien species; Biological control; Braconidae; Elevation gradient; Ichneumonidae; Hawai'i; Parasitism ID ICHNEUMONID SPECIES-RICHNESS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; COSTA-RICA; HYMENOPTERA; DIVERSITY; FOREST; IMPACTS; ENGLAND; INSECT AB Through intentional and accidental introduction, more than 100 species of alien Ichneumonidae and Braconidae (Hymenoptera) have become established in the Hawaiian Islands. The extent to which these parasitoid wasps have penetrated native wet forests was investigated over a 1,765 m elevation gradient on windward Hawai'i Island. For > 1 year, malaise traps were used to continuously monitor parasitoid abundance and species richness in nine sites over three elevations. A total of 18,996 individuals from 16 subfamilies were collected. Overall, the fauna was dominated by aliens, with 44 of 58 species foreign to the Hawaiian Islands. Ichneumonidae was dominant over Braconidae in terms of both diversity and abundance, comprising 67.5% of individuals and 69.0% of species collected. Parasitoid abundance and species richness varied significantly with elevation: abundance was greater at mid and high elevations compared to low elevation while species richness increased with increasing elevation, with all three elevations differing significantly from each other. Nine species purposely introduced to control pest insects were found, but one braconid, Meteorus laphygmae, comprised 98.0% of this assemblage, or 28.3% of the entire fauna. Endemic species, primarily within the genera Spolas and Enicospilus, were collected almost exclusively at mid- and high-elevation sites, where they made up 22.1% and 36.0% of the total catch, respectively. Overall, 75.9% of species and 96.0% of individuals are inferred to parasitize Lepidoptera larvae and pupae. Our results support previous data indicating that alien parasitoids have deeply penetrated native forest habitats and may have substantial impacts on Hawaiian ecosystems. C1 [Peck, Robert W.; Schwarzfeld, Marla; Euaparadorn, Melody; Brinck, Kevin W.] Univ Hawaii, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo PACRC,Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Banko, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Peck, RW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo PACRC,Kilauea Field Stn, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM rpeck@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [# DEB00-83944]; U. S. Geological Survey's Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystems Program; Invasive Species Program FX This work was made possible by support from the National Science Foundation (NSF Grant # DEB00-83944- "Biocomplexity of Introduced Avian Disease in Hawai'i: Threats to Biocomplexity of Native Forest Ecosystems'' to the University of Hawai'i at Ma noa) and by the U. S. Geological Survey's Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystems Program and Invasive Species Program. The Biocomplexity Project was a collaboration of institutions, including U. S. Geological Survey-Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, U. S. Geological Survey-National Wildlife Health Center, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Princeton University, and Smithsonian Institution. Kamehameha Schools, Hawai'i Division of Forestry and Wildlife, and Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park generously provided access to study sites. We thank C. Niwa for allowing us to use her malaise traps, R. Messing for helping identify Aphidiinae, B. Kumashiro for identifying some Ichneumonidae, and K. Voelke, C. J. Van Bers and D. Woods for their help in the field and in the lab. Comments from two anonymous reviewers improved an earlier draft of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 71 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2008 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1441 EP 1455 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9218-1 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 363ZT UT WOS:000260306700024 ER PT J AU Poulakakis, N Antoniou, A Mantziou, G Parmakelis, A Skartsi, T Vasilakis, D Elorriaga, J De La Puente, J Gavashelishvili, A Ghasabyan, M Katzner, T McGrady, M Batbayar, N Fuller, M Natsagdorj, T AF Poulakakis, Nikos Antoniou, Aglaia Mantziou, Georgia Parmakelis, Aris Skartsi, Theodora Vasilakis, Dimitris Elorriaga, Javier De La Puente, Javier Gavashelishvili, Alexander Ghasabyan, Mamikon Katzner, Todd McGrady, Michael Batbayar, Nyambayar Fuller, Mark Natsagdorj, Tseveenmyadag TI Population structure, diversity, and phylogeography in the near-threatened Eurasian black vultures Aegypius monachus (Falconiformes; Accipitridae) in Europe: insights from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA variation SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; nuclear DNA ID FALCONS FALCO-PEREGRINUS; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; OLD-WORLD VULTURES; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; GYPAETUS-BARBATUS; BEARDED VULTURE; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; COMPUTER-PROGRAM AB The Eurasian black vulture (Aegypius monachus) has experienced a severe decline during the last two centuries and is globally classified as near-threatened. This has led to the extinction of many traditional breeding areas in Europe and resulted in the present patchy distribution (Iberian and Balkan peninsulas) in the Western Palearctic. In the present study, we describe the current genetic status of the European populations using both mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences and nuclear microsatellite markers, comparing with those found in Asia (Mongolia and Caucasus region). Although, mitochondrial (mt)DNA revealed a relatively low genetic variability (haplotype diversity), no evidence of genome-wide genetic erosion exists because nuclear diversity exhibits normal levels and strong differentiation. A highly philopatric dispersal behaviour must be invoked to explain the existence of a clear pattern that revealed by the phylogeographic analysis, which indicates a sharp East-West clinal distribution and an allopatric differentiation. The distribution of mtDNA haplotypes one in the Iberian population and two in Balkan population and the significance divergence at nuclear loci fulfill the definitions of those populations as evolutionary significant units. We discuss how management strategies should aim at the maintenance (or increase) of current genetic variability levels, suggesting that independent conservation plans are urgently required to protect these two breeding European populations from extinction. (C) 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 95, 859-872. C1 [Poulakakis, Nikos; Mantziou, Georgia; Parmakelis, Aris] Univ Crete, Nat Hist Museum Crete, GR-71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. [Poulakakis, Nikos] Yale Univ, Yale Inst Biospher Studies, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Antoniou, Aglaia] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Dept Genet & Mol Biotechnol, GR-71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. [Skartsi, Theodora; Vasilakis, Dimitris; Elorriaga, Javier] WWF Greece Dadia Project, GR-68400 Dadia Soufli, Greece. [De La Puente, Javier] SEO BirdLife Melquiades Biencinto, Area Estudio & Seguimiento Aves, Madrid 28053, Spain. [Gavashelishvili, Alexander] GCCW, GE-0160 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Ghasabyan, Mamikon] Armenian Soc Protect Birds, Yerevan 0019, Armenia. [Katzner, Todd; McGrady, Michael] Nat Res Ltd, A-3500 Krems, Austria. [Batbayar, Nyambayar] Bldg Inst Biol, Wildlife Sci & Conservat Ctr, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongolia, Peoples R China. [Fuller, Mark] USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Fuller, Mark] Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Natsagdorj, Tseveenmyadag] Mongolian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Ornithol Lab, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongolia, Peoples R China. RP Poulakakis, N (reprint author), Univ Crete, Nat Hist Museum Crete, Knossos Av, GR-71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. EM nikolaos.poulakakis@yale.edu RI Poulakakis, Nikos/E-7848-2011; Batbayar, Nyambayar/N-7066-2015; OI Batbayar, Nyambayar/0000-0002-9138-9626; Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 FU 'Consejeria de Medio Ambiente y Ordenacion del Territorio de la Comunidad de Madrid' (Penalara Natural Park); LIFE Nature [LIFE02/GR/8497] FX The study was conducted in the framework of the LIFE Nature project 'Conservation of Birds of Prey in the Dadia Forest Reserve, Greece', LIFE02/GR/8497, (60% by EU and 40% by WWF Greece), which was implemented by WWF Greece. Samples from Spain were collected in the framework of the monitoring project of the Black Vulture colony in Alto Lozoya SBPA supported by 'Consejeria de Medio Ambiente y Ordenacion del Territorio de la Comunidad de Madrid' (Penalara Natural Park). Field work and sample collection in Mongolia was organized and funded through the Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID, USA. NR 78 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 95 IS 4 BP 859 EP 872 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01099.x PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 375SO UT WOS:000261133800017 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Diefenbach, DR Laake, JL Ternent, MA White, GC AF Conn, Paul B. Diefenbach, Duane R. Laake, Jeffrey L. Ternent, Mark A. White, Gary C. TI Bayesian Analysis of Wildlife Age-at-Harvest Data SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Age-at-harvest; Black bear; Cohort model; Mark-recovery model; Recruitment; State-space model; Survival ID ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; POPULATION; CATCH; DYNAMICS; MODELS; RECOVERY AB State and federal natural resource management agencies often collect age-structured harvest data. These data represent finite realizations of stochastic demographic and sampling processes and have long been used by biologists to infer population trends. However, different sources of data have been combined in ad hoc ways and these methods usually failed to incorporate sampling error. In this article, we propose a "hidden process" (or state-space) model for estimating abundance, survival, recovery rate, and recruitment from age-at-harvest data that incorporate both demographic and sampling stochasticity. To this end, a likelihood for age-at-harvest data is developed by embedding a population dynamics model within a model for the sampling process. Under this framework, the identification of abundance parameters can be achieved by conducting a joint analysis with an auxiliary data set. We illustrate this approach by conducting a Bayesian analysis of age-at-harvest and mark-recovery data from black bears (Ursus americanus) in Pennsylvania. Using a set of reasonable prior distributions, we demonstrate a substantial increase in precision when posterior summaries of abundance are compared to a bias-corrected Lincoln-Petersen estimator. Because demographic processes link consecutive abundance estimates, we also obtain a more realistic biological picture of annual changes in abundance. Because age-at-harvest data are often readily obtained, we argue that this type of analysis provides a valuable strategy for wildlife population monitoring. C1 [Conn, Paul B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Laake, Jeffrey L.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ternent, Mark A.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [Conn, Paul B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Paul.Conn@noaa.gov FU Colorado Division of Wildlife; NSF-IGERT [DGE-0221595003] FX We thank the PGC and the numerous personnel who gathered data on black bears. Funding for the first author was provided by the Colorado Division of Wildlife and by NSF-IGERT grant DGE-0221595003. Comments and suggestions from K. P. Burnham, P. F. Doherty Jr., and two anonymous reviewers greatly enhanced the content of this article. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 2008 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1170 EP 1177 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.00987.x PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 374OV UT WOS:000261054500019 PM 18266894 ER PT J AU Vilella, FJ AF Vilella, Francisco J. TI Nest habitat use of the Puerto Rican Nightjar Caprimulgus noctitherus in Guanica Biosphere Reserve SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL DRY FOREST; BEHAVIOR AB The Puerto Rican Nightjar Caprimulgus noctitherus is a 'Critically Endangered' caprimulgid endemic to coastal dry and lower montane forests of southwest Puerto Rico. I studied nest habitat use of this nightjar at the Guanica Biosphere Reserve in southwestern Puerto Rico. Nightjar nests (n = 23) were located in evergreen and deciduous forest and were more common at elevations above 100 m. Nests were located from 2 m to 125 in into the forest from the nearest road or trail and were characterised by a deep layer of leaf litter, and an open midstorey beneath a closed canopy. Six of the to nests found in evergreen forest were located within abandoned mahogany (Sweetenia mahogany) plantations. Habitat structure and vegetation composition were quantified at each nightjar nest and an equivalent number of randomly selected sites. Four of 13 habitat variables differed significantly (P < 0.05) between nest and random sites and included: elevation, leaf litter biomass, midstorey stem density, and canopy Closure. Stepwise logistic regression generated a best model describing nightjar nest habitat. Leaf litter biomass, midstorey stein density, and canopy Closure correctly classified 77.3% of nightjar nests. Management of forest stands at higher elevations to promote nightjar nest habitit Structure, protection of private lands in the periphery of the Guanica Biosphere Reserve, and acquisition Of privately owned forest tracts in other portions of the nightjar's range will ensure the long-term persistence of the species. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Cooperat Res Unit, USGS Biol Resources, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Vilella, FJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Cooperat Res Unit, USGS Biol Resources, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM fvilella@cfr.msstate.edu NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 307 EP 317 DI 10.1017/S0959270908007594 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 377OR UT WOS:000261261000002 ER PT J AU Esposito, RMM Spaulding, SA McKnight, DM de Vijver, BV Kopalova, K Lubinski, D Hall, B Whittaker, T AF Esposito, R. M. M. Spaulding, S. A. McKnight, D. M. de Vijver, B. Van Kopalova, K. Lubinski, D. Hall, B. Whittaker, T. TI Inland diatoms from the McMurdo Dry Valleys and James Ross Island, Antarctica SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE diatoms; Antarctica; harshness endemism; taxonomy; inland waters ID SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; FRESH-WATER; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; DECEPTION ISLAND; SPECIES CONCEPT; FRYXELL BASIN; TAYLOR VALLEY; LAKE FRYXELL; SALINE LAKES; BACILLARIOPHYTA AB Diatom taxa present in the inland streams and lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys and James Ross Island, Antarctica, are presented in this paper. A total of nine taxa are illustrated, with descriptions of four new species (Luticola austroatlantica sp. nov., Luticola dolia sp. nov., Luticola laeta sp. nov., Muelleria supra sp. nov.). In the perennially ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, diatoms are confined to benthic mats within the photic zone. In streams, diatoms are attached to benthic surfaces and within the microbial mat matrix. One species, L. austroatlantica, is found on James Ross Island, of the southern Atlantic archipelago, and the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The McMurdo Dry Valley populations are at the lower range of the size spectrum for the species. Streams flow for 6-10 weeks during the austral summer, when temperatures and solar radiation allow glacial ice to rnelt. The diatom flora of the region is characterized by species assemblages favored under harsh conditions, with naviculoid taxa as the dominant group and several major diatom groups conspicuously absent. C1 [Esposito, R. M. M.; Spaulding, S. A.; McKnight, D. M.; Lubinski, D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spaulding, S. A.; de Vijver, B. Van] Natl Bot Garden Belgium, Dept Cryptogamy, B-1860 Meise, Belgium. [Kopalova, K.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Ecol, CR-12844 Prague, Czech Republic. [Hall, B.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Hall, B.] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Whittaker, T.] Univ Waikato, Dept Chem, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Whittaker, T.] Univ Waikato, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Spaulding, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM sarah.spaulding@colorado.edu RI Kopalova, Katerina/H-1598-2014; OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 FU MCMLTER [OPP 9211773, OPP-9810219, OPP 0096250]; University of Colorado Honors Program in Biomathematics [DEB-9810218] FX We thank Isabelle Brownfield, U.S. Geological Survey, for assistance with scanning electron microscopy. Marina Potapova and Pierre Compere assisted with Latin translations. We also thank the MCM LTER stream learn from 1994-2005 for sample collection and Matt Meyernick, Research Experience for Undergraduates (PEU), for contributions. All funding provided by the MCMLTER (OPP 9211773, OPP-9810219, OPP 0096250) and the University of Colorado Honors Program in Biomathematics (DEB-9810218). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 82 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD DEC PY 2008 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1378 EP 1392 DI 10.1139/B08-100 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 398FS UT WOS:000262718600003 ER PT J AU Madenjian, C O'Connor, D AF Madenjian, C. P. O'Connor, D. V. TI Trophic Transfer Efficiency of Mercury to Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis from its Prey SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Elimination rate; Excretion rate; Mercury; Tracers ID YELLOW PERCH; FISH; BIOENERGETICS; METHYLMERCURY; MODEL; PCB; ACCUMULATION; ELIMINATION; WILD AB In the laboratory, net trophic transfer efficiency of mercury to lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis from its prey was estimated to be 63.5%. Assuming that gross trophic transfer efficiency of mercury to lake whitefish from its prey was equal to 80%, we estimated that the rate at which lake whitefish eliminated mercury was 0.000730 day(-1). Our laboratory estimate of mercury elimination rate was 2.4 times lower than the value predicted by a published regression equation developed from previous studies on mercury elimination rates for fish. Thus, our results suggested that mercury elimination rates for fish have been overestimated in previous studies. C1 [Madenjian, C. P.; O'Connor, D. V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Madenjian, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust FX We thank A. Clary of the State Laboratory of Hygiene at the University of Wisconsin for determining mercury concentrations in the fish tissue samples. We also thank J. Hinck, C. Orazio, J. Savino, C. Schmitt, and T. Todd for reviewing the manuscript and providing helpful comments for its improvement. This work was funded, in part, by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust. This article is Contribution 1497 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 EI 1432-0800 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 81 IS 6 BP 566 EP 570 DI 10.1007/s00128-008-9564-9 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 368IT UT WOS:000260615500011 PM 18787747 ER PT J AU Restrepo, P Jorgensen, DP Cannon, SH Costa, J Laber, J Major, J Martner, B Purpura, J Werner, K AF Restrepo, Pedro Jorgensen, David P. Cannon, Susan H. Costa, John Laber, Jayme Major, Jon Martner, Brooks Purpura, Jim Werner, Kevin TI Joint NOAA/NWS/USGS Prototype Debris Flow Warning System for Recently Burned Areas in Southern California SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT News Item C1 [Restrepo, Pedro] NOAA, NWS, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Jorgensen, David P.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Cannon, Susan H.] USGS, Golden, CO USA. [Costa, John; Major, Jon] USGS, Vancouver, WA USA. [Laber, Jayme] NOAA, NWS, WSFO Oxnard, Oxnard, CA USA. [Martner, Brooks] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martner, Brooks] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Purpura, Jim] NOAA, NWS, San Diego, CA USA. [Werner, Kevin] NOAA, NWS, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Restrepo, P (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv W OH, SSMC-2 Room 8176,1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM pedro.restrepo@noaa.gov OI Major, Jon/0000-0003-2449-4466 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 89 IS 12 BP 1845 EP 1851 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2416.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 389KH UT WOS:000262090800005 ER PT J AU Yong, A Hough, SE Abrams, MJ Cox, HM Wills, CJ Simila, GW AF Yong, Alan Hough, Susan E. Abrams, Michael J. Cox, Helen M. Wills, Christopher J. Simila, Gerry W. TI Site Characterization Using Integrated Imaging Analysis Methods on Satellite Data of the Islamabad, Pakistan, Region SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; CALIFORNIA; GEOLOGY; MAP; MOUNTAINS; IMAGES; ZONE AB We develop an integrated digital imaging analysis approach to produce a first-approximation site characterization map for Islamabad, Pakistan, based on remote-sensing data. We apply both pixel-based and object-oriented digital imaging analysis methods to characterize detailed (1: 50; 000) geomorphology and geology from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite imagery. We use stereo-correlated relative digital elevation models (rDEMs) derived from ASTER data, as well as spectra in the visible near-infrared (VNIR) to thermal infrared (TIR) domains. The resulting geomorphic units in the study area are classified as mountain (including the Margala Hills and the Khairi Murat Ridge), piedmont, and basin terrain units. The local geologic units are classified as limestone in the Margala Hills and the Khairi Murat Ridge and sandstone rock types for the piedmonts and basins. Shear-wave velocities for these units are assigned in ranges based on established correlations in California. These ranges include V(s)30-values to be greater than 500 m/sec for mountain units, 200-600 m/sec for piedmont units, and less than 300 m/sec for basin units. While the resulting map provides the basis for incorporating site response in an assessment of seismic hazard for Islamabad, it also demonstrates the potential use of remote-sensing data for site characterization in regions where only limited conventional mapping has been done. C1 [Yong, Alan; Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Earthquake Hazards Team, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Abrams, Michael J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cox, Helen M.; Simila, Gerry W.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Wills, Christopher J.] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Yong, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Earthquake Hazards Team, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. FU U. S. Geological Survey Working Capital Fund; California State University; Northridge (CSUN) CATALYST program; National Science Foundation-Geoscience [NSF-GEO-0119936, NSF-GEO-0503609] FX We greatly appreciate the helpful review comments by Robert S. Dollar, Karen R. Felzer, and Martin Chapman, in addition to early discussions with Kenneth W. Hudnut and Edward H. Field. We also greatly appreciate technical guidance from David Hulslander and Keith Nicholson of ITT Visual Information Solutions and Matthias Stolz and John Parker of Definiens AG. David Coss Y. Leon contributed to the preparation of the maps for publication. Work done by Michael J. Abrams was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, under a contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank Linda Gundersen for partial support through the U. S. Geological Survey Working Capital Fund. Partial support was also provided by the California State University, Northridge (CSUN) CATALYST program, funded by National Science Foundation-Geoscience (Number NSF-GEO-0119936 [2001-2005] and Number 0503609 [2005-2009]). NR 60 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2679 EP 2693 DI 10.1785/0120080930 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 376KW UT WOS:000261183500008 ER PT J AU Mendoza, C Hartzell, S AF Mendoza, C. Hartzell, S. TI Finite-Fault Analysis of the 2004 Parkfield, California, Earthquake Using P-nl Waveforms SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION EXPERIMENT; RUPTURE HISTORY; GEODETIC DATA; INVERSION; SLIP AB We apply a kinematic finite-fault inversion scheme to P-nl displacement waveforms recorded at 14 regional stations (Delta < 2 degrees) to recover the distribution of coseismic slip for the 2004 Parkfield earthquake using both synthetic Green's functions (SGFs) calculated for one-dimensional (1D) crustal-velocity models and empirical Green's functions (EGFs) based on the recordings of a single M-w 5.0 aftershock. Slip is modeled on a rectangular fault subdivided into 2 x 2 km subfaults assuming a constant rupture velocity and a 0.5 sec rise time. A passband filter of 0.1-0.5 Hz is applied to both data and subfault responses prior to waveform inversion. The SGF inversions are performed such that the final seismic moment is consistent with the known magnitude (M-w 6.0) of the earthquake. For these runs, it is difficult to reproduce the entire P-nl waveform due to inaccuracies in the assumed crustal structure. Also, the misfit between observed and predicted vertical waveforms is similar in character for different rupture velocities, indicating that neither the rupture velocity nor the exact position of slip sources along the fault can be uniquely identified. The pattern of coseismic slip, however, compares well with independent source models derived using other data types, indicating that the SGF inversion procedure provides a general first-order estimate of the 2004 Parkfield rupture using the vertical P-nl records. The best-constrained slip model is obtained using the single-aftershock EGF approach. In this case, the waveforms are very well reproduced for both vertical and horizontal components, suggesting that the method provides a powerful tool for estimating the distribution of coseismic slip using the regional P-nl waveforms. The inferred slip model shows a localized patch of high slip (55 cm peak) near the hypocenter and a larger slip area (similar to 50 cm peak) extending between 6 and 20 km to the northwest. C1 [Mendoza, C.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Queretaro, Mexico. [Hartzell, S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mendoza, C (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico. FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [46610]; U. S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (Project 46610) and by the U. S. Geological Survey. We thank G. Choy and W. Stephenson for internal reviews of the original manuscript. Comments by M. Mai and an anonymous reviewer also greatly improved the study. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2746 EP 2755 DI 10.1785/0120080111 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 376KW UT WOS:000261183500013 ER PT J AU Tsai, CC Catchings, RD Goldman, MR Rymer, MJ Schnurle, P Chen, HW AF Tsai, C. C. Catchings, R. D. Goldman, M. R. Rymer, M. J. Schnurle, P. Chen, H. W. TI High-Resolution Seismic Images and Seismic Velocities of the San Andreas Fault Zone at Burro Flats, Southern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTH PALM-SPRINGS; LARGE EARTHQUAKES; COACHELLA VALLEY; GORGONIO PASS AB To better understand the structure of the San Andreas fault (SAF) at Burro Flats in southern California, we acquired a three-dimensional combined set of seismic reflection and refraction profiles centered on the main active trace at Burro Flats. In this article, we discuss the variation in shallow-depth velocities along each seismic profile, with special emphasis on the 1500 m=sec P-wave velocity contour, which can be an indicator of shallow-depth water-saturated unconsolidated sediments. Along the four seismic profiles, minimum depths of the groundwater table, as inferred from 1500 m=sec velocity contour, range from 10 to about 20 m. The largest variations in depth to the top of the groundwater table occur in areas near mapped faults, suggesting that the groundwater flow in Burro Flats is strongly affected by the locations of fault traces. We also used the seismic data to develop seismic reflection images that show multiple strands of the SAF in the upper 60 m. Reflectors above the 10 m depth probably correspond to Holocene alluvial deposits; reflectors below the 15 m depth probably arise from velocity or density variations within the Precambrian gneiss complex, likely due to weathering. Apparent vertical offsets of reflectors are observed along profiles (lines 1 and 2) that are normal to the SAF, indicating minor apparent vertical offsets on the SAF at shallow depths. Along line 2, the apparently vertically offset reflectors correlate with zones of relatively low P-wave velocity. Along the central part of lines 1 and 2, the faults form a flower structure, which is typical of strike-slip faults such as the SAF. C1 [Tsai, C. C.; Schnurle, P.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Tsai, C. C.; Catchings, R. D.; Goldman, M. R.; Rymer, M. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chen, H. W.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Geophys, Tao Yuan 32001, Taiwan. RP Tsai, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, POB 23-13, Taipei 106, Taiwan. FU U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program FX This project was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2948 EP 2961 DI 10.1785/0120060252 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 376KW UT WOS:000261183500026 ER PT J AU McGourty, K Kinziger, A Goldsmith, G AF McGourty, Katie Kinziger, Andrew Goldsmith, Greg TI Spawning time, fecundity, habitat utilization, and parasites of a Northern California population of tidewater goby, Eucyclogobius newberryi SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; GOBIIDAE AB Eucyclogobius newberryi, the tidewater goby, is a Federally Endangered species endemic to coastal lagoons and estuaries in California. Little is known about the biology of this species in northern California; thus we conducted a 14- month study (November 2004-December 2005) to assess spawning time, fecundity, habitat utilization, and parasites of a northern California tidewater goby population in Big Lagoon, Humboldt County, CA. The presence of individuals less than 20 mm indicated that spawning occurred every month except March and April. Gravid females were observed in March and May-July 2005; fecundity ranged from 190 to 531 eggs. Goby habitat utilization was evaluated on a seasonal basis using a stratified random sampling technique. High goby densities were associated with vegetation in silt and sand substrates. Minimum population estimates of tidewater gobies in the southern end of Big Lagoon were highest in winter 2005 (N=2714) and lowest in fall 2005 (N=163). Parasitological analysis revealed the presence of a newly described microsporidian species infecting muscle tissue of the tidewater goby. A total of 105 of 1513 fish were visibly infected. Visibly infected gobies ranged in total length between 19 and 56 mm and were observed in every month except February 2005. C1 [McGourty, Katie; Kinziger, Andrew] Humboldt State Univ, Fisheries Biol Dept, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Goldsmith, Greg] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP McGourty, K (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Fisheries Biol Dept, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM krm34@humboldt.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD WIN PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1 BP 18 EP 32 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 281GA UT WOS:000254483700002 ER PT J AU Knutson, KC Pyke, DA AF Knutson, Kevin C. Pyke, David A. TI Western juniper and ponderosa pine ecotonal climate-growth relationships across landscape gradients in southern Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; INCREASING CO2; SEVERE DROUGHT; RADIAL GROWTH; OCCIDENTALIS; WATER; VEGETATION; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY AB Forecasts of climate change for the Pacific northwestern United States predict warmer temperatures, increased winter precipitation, and drier summers. Prediction of forest growth responses to these climate fluctuations requires identification of climatic variables limiting tree growth, particularly at limits of tree species distributions. We addressed this problem at the pine-woodland ecotone using tree-ring data for western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis Hook.) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Loud.) from southern Oregon. Annual growth chronologies for 1950-2000 were developed for each species at 17 locations. Correlation and linear regression of climate-growth relationships revealed that radial growth in both species is highly dependent on October-June precipitation events that recharge growing season soil water. Mean annual radial growth for the nine driest years suggests that annual growth in both species is more sensitive to drought at lower elevations and sites with steeper slopes and sandy or rocky soils. Future increases in winter precipitation could increase productivity in both species at the pine-woodland ecotone. Growth responses, however, will also likely vary across landscape features, and our findings suggest that heightened sensitivity to future drought periods and increased temperatures in the two species will predominantly occur at lower elevation sites with poor water-holding capacities. C1 [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Knutson, Kevin C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pyke, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david_a_pyke@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 38 IS 12 BP 3021 EP 3032 DI 10.1139/X08-142 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 386UY UT WOS:000261909300011 ER PT J AU Germano, DJ Rathbun, GB AF Germano, David J. Rathbun, Galen B. TI Growth, Population Structure, and Reproduction of Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) on the Central Coast of California SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudinidae; Emydidae; Actinemys marmorata; turtle; reproduction; population structure; clutch size; growth; California; USA ID CLEMMYS-MARMORATA; SNAPPING TURTLES; TEMPERATURE; HABITATS; MATURITY; GUTTATA; RIVER; SIZE AB We studied the population structure and growth of western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) at Vandenberg Air Force Base along the coast of central California in April 1995 and June 1996. We captured 179 individuals (115 males, 27 females) from 7 ponds during 26 days of trapping. Many turtles were adult-sized, but based on scute annuli, 74% were < 10 years of age, including many 2- to 3-year-olds. This population structure likely was due to a relatively fast growth rate, especially compared with closely related aquatic turtles in eastern North America. Mean clutch size was 5.2, but 66.7% of females were gravid, and I female produced 2 clutches. These reproductive data are similar to those reported for other populations in the southern portion of the species' range. Females reached reproductive maturity as early as 4 years of age. The relatively mild temperatures of California's Mediterranean climate, especially when compared to the seasonal extremes in more continental and northern regions of North America, may explain the different growth rates and population characteristics of freshwater turtles from these 2 regions of North America. C1 [Germano, David J.] Calif State Univ, Dept Biol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. [Rathbun, Galen B.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Simeon, CA 94352 USA. RP Germano, DJ (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Dept Biol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. EM dgermano@csub.edu; grathbun@calacademy.org NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 15 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 188 EP 194 DI 10.2744/CCB-0705.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 394ZE UT WOS:000262490900004 ER PT J AU Benedet, L List, JH AF Benedet, L. List, J. H. TI Evaluation of the physical process controlling beach changes adjacent to nearshore dredge pits SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Erosion hot spot; Delft3D; Beach nourishment; Numerical modeling; Sediment transport; Beach volume change; Delray Beach ID MODEL; NOURISHMENT; VALIDATION AB Numerical modeling of a beach nourishment project is conducted to enable a detailed evaluation of the processes associated with the effects of nearshore dredge pits on nourishment evolution and formation of erosion hot spots. A process-based numerical model, Delft3D, is used for this purpose. The analysis is based on the modification of existing bathymetry to simulate "what if" scenarios with/without the bathymetric features of interest. Borrow pits dredged about 30 years ago to provide sand for the nourishment project have a significant influence on project performance and formation of erosional hot spots. It was found that the main processes controlling beach response to these offshore bathymetric features were feedbacks between wave forces (roller force or alongshore component of the radiation stress), pressure gradients due to differentials in wave set-up/set-down and bed shear stress. Modeling results also indicated that backfilling of selected borrow sites showed a net positive effect within the beach fill limits and caused a reduction in the magnitude of hot spot erosion. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Benedet, L.] Coastal Planning & Engn Inc, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Benedet, L.] Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [List, J. H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Benedet, L (reprint author), Coastal Planning & Engn Inc, 2481 NW Boca Raton Blvd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM lbenedet@coastalplanning.net; jlist@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 12 BP 1224 EP 1236 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2008.06.008 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 387EO UT WOS:000261934700024 ER PT J AU Chourasia, A Cutchin, S Aagaard, B AF Chourasia, Amit Cutchin, Steve Aagaard, Brad TI Visualizing the ground motions of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Visualization; Earthquake simulation; 1906 San Francisco earthquake AB With advances in computational capabilities and refinement of seismic wave-propagation models in the past decade large three-dimensional simulations of earthquake ground motion have become possible. The resulting datasets from these simulations are multivariate, temporal and multi-terabyte in size. Past visual representations of results from seismic studies have been largely confined to static two-dimensional maps. New visual representations provide scientists with alternate ways of viewing and interacting with these results potentially leading to new and significant insight into the physical Visualizations can also be used for pedagogic and general dissemination phenomena. purposes. We present a workflow for visual representation of the data from a ground motion simulation of the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake. We have employed state of the art animation tools for visualization of the ground motions with a high degree of accuracy and visual realism. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chourasia, Amit; Cutchin, Steve] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Aagaard, Brad] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chourasia, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, 9500 Gilman Dr,MC 0444, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM amit@sdsc.edu; cutchin@sdsc.edu; baagaard@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1798 EP 1805 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2008.01.012 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 382UX UT WOS:000261632000014 ER PT J AU Bowker, MA Miller, ME Belnap, J Sisk, TD Johnson, NC AF Bowker, Matthew A. Miller, Mark E. Belnap, Jayne Sisk, Thomas D. Johnson, Nancy C. TI Prioritizing Conservation Effort through the Use of Biological Soil Crusts as Ecosystem Function Indicators in an Arid Region SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; conservation prioritization; cryptogams; cyanobacteria; deserts; ecological indicators; ecosystem engineers; ecosystem function; ecosystem services; semiarid lands ID BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; MICROPHYTIC CRUSTS; COLORADO PLATEAU; DIVERSITY; INDEX; DESERTIFICATION; DIFFERENCE; LANDSCAPE; RICHNESS; CARBON AB Conservation prioritization usually focuses on conservation of rare species or biodiversity, rather than ecological processes. This is partially due to a lack of informative indicators of ecosystem function. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) trap and retain soil and water resources in arid ecosystems and function as major carbon and nitrogen fixers; thus, they may be informative indicators of ecosystem function. We created spatial models of multiple indicators of the diversity and function of BSCs (species richness, evenness, functional diversity, functional redundancy, number of rare species, number of habitat specialists, nitrogen and carbon fixation indices, soil stabilization, and surface roughening) for the 800,000-ha Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (Utah, U.S.A.). We then combined the indicators into a single BSC function map and a single BSC biodiversity map (2 alternative types of conservation value) with an unweighted averaging procedure and a weighted procedure derived from validations performance. We also modeled potential degradation with data from a rangeland assessment survey. To determine which areas on the landscape were the highest conservation priorities, we overlaid the function- and diversity-based conservation-value layers on the potential degradation layer. Different methods for ascribing conservation-value and conservation-priority layers all yielded strikingly similar results (r = 0.89-0.99), which suggests that in this case biodiversity and function can be conserved simultaneously. We believe BSCs can be used as indicators of ecosystem function in concert with other indicators (such as plant-community properties) and that such information can be used to prioritize conservation effort in drylands. C1 [Bowker, Matthew A.; Miller, Mark E.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Field Stn, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Miller, Mark E.] Grand Staircase Escalante Natl Monument, Kanab, UT 84741 USA. [Sisk, Thomas D.; Johnson, Nancy C.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Bowker, MA (reprint author), Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, C Tulipan S-N, E-28933 Madrid, Spain. EM matthew.bowker@urjc.es NR 45 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1533 EP 1543 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01036.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 379KS UT WOS:000261395700029 PM 18759770 ER PT J AU Wood, DA Meik, JM Holycross, AT Fisher, RN Vandergast, AG AF Wood, Dustin A. Meik, J. M. Holycross, A. T. Fisher, R. N. Vandergast, A. G. TI Molecular and phenotypic diversity in Chionactis occipitalis (Western Shovel-nosed Snake), with emphasis on the status of C-o. klauberi (Tucson Shovel-nosed Snake). SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Chionactis occipitalis; mtDNA; Sonoran desert; Mojave Desert; ESU; Spatial genetic analysis ID GENE FLOW; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; CONSERVATION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CONFIDENCE; DISTANCE AB Chionactis occipitalis (Western Shovel-nosed Snake) is a small colubrid snake inhabiting the arid regions of the Mojave, Sonoran, and Colorado deserts. Morphological assessments of taxonomy currently recognize four subspecies. However, these taxonomic proposals were largely based on weak morphological differentiation and inadequate geographic sampling. Our goal was to explore evolutionary relationships and boundaries among subspecies of C. occipitalis, with particular focus on individuals within the known range of C. o. klauberi (Tucson Shovel-nosed snake). Population sizes and range for C. o. klauberi have declined over the last 25 years due to habitat alteration and loss prompting a petition to list this subspecies as endangered. We examined the phylogeography, population structure, and subspecific taxonomy of C. occipitalis across its geographic range with genetic analysis of 1100 bases of mitochondrial DNA sequence and reanalysis of 14 morphological characters from 1543 museum specimens. We estimated the species gene phylogeny from 81 snakes using Bayesian inference and explored possible factors influencing genetic variation using landscape genetic analyses. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses reveal genetic isolation and independent evolutionary trajectories for two primary clades. Our data indicate that diversification between these clades has developed as a result of both historical vicariance and environmental isolating mechanisms. Thus these two clades likely comprise evolutionary significant units' (ESUs). Neither molecular nor morphological data are concordant with the traditional C. occipitalis subspecies taxonomy. Mitochondrial sequences suggest specimens recognized as C. o. klauberi are embedded in a larger geographic clade whose range has expanded from western Arizona populations, and these data are concordant with clinal longitudinal variation in morphology. C1 [Wood, Dustin A.; Fisher, R. N.; Vandergast, A. G.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Meik, J. M.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Holycross, A. T.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Wood, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM dawood@usgs.gov OI Vandergast, Amy/0000-0002-7835-6571; Wood, Dustin/0000-0002-7668-9911 NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1489 EP 1507 DI 10.1007/s10592-007-9482-0 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 367GF UT WOS:000260539800009 ER PT J AU Matala, AP Marx, S Wise, TG AF Matala, Andrew P. Marx, Steven Wise, Ted G. TI A genetically distinct wild redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) population in Crane Prairie Reservoir, Oregon, persists despite extensive stocking of hatchery rainbow trout (O-m. irideus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Redband trout; gairdneri; Hatchery; Introgression; Population structure ID DIFFERENTIAL REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; MICROSATELLITE DNA ANALYSIS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; BROWN TROUT; DOMESTICATED TROUT; LOCI; MARKERS; RIVER AB Crane Prairie Reservoir in the upper Deschutes River Basin has historically supported a wild population of migratory Deschutes River redband trout. Owing to its status as a premier destination for recreational angling in Oregon, the reservoir has been stocked with domesticated hatchery rainbow trout since 1955. In recent years the wild redband trout population has experienced a substantial decline. Effects on productivity related to genetic interaction with naturally spawning hatchery-origin fish (fitness risks) have not been determined. The species Oncorhynchus mykiss has been characterized with substantial genetic diversity throughout the Deschutes River Basin that further heightens the challenge of identifying specific conservation needs of wild populations. A conservation plan for Crane Prairie wild redband trout requires a better understanding of the natural reproductive success of out-of-basin hatchery trout in the reservoir tributaries, and the similarity between Crane Prairie redband trout with other extant redband trout populations in the basin. Using a suite of 17 microsatellite nuclear DNA markers, we evaluated the genetic structure among Crane Prairie Reservoir redband trout, hatchery rainbow trout, and two adjacent populations of redband trout from within the Upper Deschutes River Basin. We observed significant heterogeneity between the hatchery and wild Crane Prairie populations that may reflect differences in life histories, differential productivity and assortative mating. The genetic distinctions observed among the three redband trout populations suggest restricted gene flow and genetic drift within the upper basin. Temporally stratified sampling and larger numbers of samples will be necessary to confirm these conclusions. C1 [Matala, Andrew P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Program, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Marx, Steven] S Willamette Watershed Dist Off, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Wise, Ted G.] Deschutes Watershed, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Bend, OR 97701 USA. RP Matala, AP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Program, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM andrew_matala@fws.gov FU Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; U.S. Forest Service; United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX We extend our appreciation and gratitude to the Sun River Anglers group for funding this study, and to the field crews from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and U.S. Forest Service for their efforts in collecting genetic tissue samples used in these analyses. We thank W. Ardren for his role as a reference and review source, and for helping to procure funds. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1643 EP 1652 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9527-z PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 367GF UT WOS:000260539800022 ER PT J AU Prouty, NG Hughen, KA Carilli, J AF Prouty, N. G. Hughen, K. A. Carilli, J. TI Geochemical signature of land-based activities in Caribbean coral surface samples SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Coral geochemistry; Environmental proxies; Belize; Honduras; Runoff; Sedimentation ID COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT; PORITES CORALS; GALAPAGOS-ISLANDS; HERMATYPIC CORALS; REEF ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BANDED CORALS; HEAVY-METALS; TRACE-METALS; RECORD AB Anthropogenic threats, such as increased sedimentation, agrochemical run-off, coastal development, tourism, and overfishing, are of great concern to the Mesoamerican Caribbean Reef System (MACR). Trace metals in corals can be used to quantify and monitor the impact of these land-based activities. Surface coral samples from the MACR were investigated for trace metal signatures resulting from relative differences in water quality. Samples were analyzed at three spatial scales (colony, reef, and regional) as part of a hierarchical multi-scale survey. A primary goal of the paper is to elucidate the extrapolation of information between fine-scale variation at the colony or reef scale and broad-scale patterns at the regional scale. Of the 18 metals measured, five yielded statistical differences at the colony and/or reef scale, suggesting fine-scale spatial heterogeneity not conducive to regional interpretation. Five metals yielded a statistical difference at the regional scale with an absence of a statistical difference at either the colony or reef scale. These metals are barium (Ba), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and antimony (Sb). The most robust geochemical indicators of land-based activities are coral Ba and Mn concentrations, which are elevated in samples from the southern region of the Gulf of Honduras relative to those from the Turneffe Islands. These findings are consistent with the occurrence of the most significant watersheds in the MACR from southern Belize to Honduras, which contribute sediment-laden freshwater to the coastal zone primarily as a result of human alteration to the landscape (e.g., deforestation and agricultural practices). Elevated levels of Cu and Sb were found in samples from Honduras and may be linked to industrial shipping activities where copper-antimony additives are commonly used in antifouling paints. Results from this study strongly demonstrate the impact of terrestrial runoff and anthropogenic activities on coastal water quality in the MACR. C1 [Prouty, N. G.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Prouty, N. G.; Hughen, K. A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Carilli, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Prouty, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM nprouty@usgs.gov NR 84 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 727 EP 742 DI 10.1007/s00338-008-0413-4 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 368JC UT WOS:000260616400002 ER PT J AU Engels, M Fletcher, C Field, M Conger, C Bochicchio, C AF Engels, M. S. Fletcher, C. H. Field, M. Conger, C. L. Bochicchio, C. TI Demise of reef-flat carbonate accumulation with late Holocene sea-level fall: evidence from Molokai, Hawaii SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Carbonate; Reef; Hawaii; Holocene; Sea level; Accretion ID AGE CALIBRATION; OAHU; ACCRETION; ISLANDS; USA AB Twelve cores from the protected reef-flat of Molokai revealed that carbonate sediment accumulation, ranging from 3 mm year-1 to less than 1 mm year-1, ended on average 2,500 years ago. Modern sediment is present as a mobile surface veneer but is not trapped within the reef framework. This finding is consistent with the arrest of deposition at the end of the mid-Holocene highstand, known locally as the "Kapapa Stand of the Sea," similar to 2 m above the present datum ca. 3,500 years ago in the main Hawaiian Islands. Subsequent erosion, non-deposition, and/or a lack of rigid binding were probable factors leading to the lack of reef-flat accumulation during the late Holocene sea-level fall. Given anticipated climate changes, increased sedimentation of reef-flat environments is to be expected as a consequence of higher sea level. C1 [Fletcher, C. H.; Bochicchio, C.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Engels, M. S.] SEA Educ Assoc, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Field, M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Conger, C. L.] Hawaii Sea Grant Coll, Dept Land & Nat Resources, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Fletcher, C (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM fletcher@soest.hawaii.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 991 EP 996 DI 10.1007/s00338-008-0410-7 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 368JC UT WOS:000260616400030 ER PT J AU Bradley, DC AF Bradley, Dwight C. TI Passive margins through earth history SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE passive margin; plate tectonics; plate velocity; arc-continent collision; foreland basin; supercontinent ID SOUTH-AFRICA; MESOPROTEROZOIC SUPERCONTINENT; STRATIGRAPHIC CONSTRAINTS; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; APPALACHIAN OROGEN; LAURENTIAN MARGIN; TACONIAN OROGENY; PLATE-TECTONICS; NEW-ENGLAND AB Passive margins have existed somewhere on Earth almost continually since 2740 Ma. They were abundant at 1900-1890, 610-520, and 150-0 Ma, scarce at ca. 2445-2300, 1600-1000, and 300-275 Ma, and absent before ca. 3000 Ma and at 1740-1600. The fluctuations in abundance of passive margins track the first-order fluctuations of the independently derived seawater (87)Sr/(86)Sr secular curve, and the compilation thus appears to be robust. The 76 ancient passive margins for which lifespans could be measured have a mean lifespan of 181 m.y. The world-record holder, with a lifespan of 590 m.y., is the Mesoproterozoic eastern margin of the Siberian craton. Subdivided into natural age groups, mean lifespans are 186 m.y. for the Archean to Paleoproterozoic, 394 m.y. for the Mesoproterozoic, 180 m.y. for the Neoproterozoic, 137 m.y. for the Cambrian to Carboniferous, and 130 m.y. for the Permian to Neogene. The present-day passive margins, which are not yet finished with their lifespans, have a mean age of 104 m.y. and a maximum age of 180 m.y. On average, Precambrian margins thus had longer, not shorter, lifespans than Phanerozoic ones-and this remains the case even discounting all post-300 Ma margins, most of which have time left. Longer lifespans deeper in the past is at odds with the widely held notion that the tempo of plate tectonics was faster in the Precambrian than at present. It is entirely consistent, however, with recent modeling by Korenaga [Korenaga, J., 2004. Archean geodynamics and thermal evolution of Earth. Archean Geodynamics and Environments. AGU Geophysical Monograph Series 164, 7-32], which showed that plate tectonics was more sluggish in the Precambrian. The abundance of passive margins clearly tracks the assembly, tenure, and breakup of Pangea. Earlier parts of the hypothesized supercontinent cycle, however, are only partly consistent with the documented abundance of passive margins. The passive-margin record is not obviously consistent with the proposed breakup of Nuna (Columbia), the assembly of Rodinia, or the assembly or breakup of the putative Pannotia. An alternative model is put forth involving (a) formation of two or more supercratons during the late Paleoproterozoic, (b) a Mesoproterozoic interval dominated by lateral accretion of arcs rather than by continental breakup and dispersal, (c) wholesale collision to form Rodinia by the end of the Mesoproterozoic, and (d) staged breakup of Rodinia through much of the Neoproterozoic. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Bradley, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dbradley@usgs.gov NR 98 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.08.001 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 391DO UT WOS:000262213700001 ER PT J AU Goodale, MW Evers, DC Mierzykowski, SE Bond, AL Burgess, NM Otorowski, CI Welch, LJ Hall, CS Ellis, JC Allen, RB Diamond, AW Kress, SW Taylor, RJ AF Goodale, M. Wing Evers, David C. Mierzykowski, Steven E. Bond, Alexander L. Burgess, Neil M. Otorowski, Catherine I. Welch, Linda J. Hall, C. Scott Ellis, Julie C. Allen, R. Bradford Diamond, Anthony W. Kress, Stephen W. Taylor, Robert J. TI Marine Foraging Birds As Bioindicators of Mercury in the Gulf of Maine SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Review DE mercury; seabirds; waterbirds; Gulf of Maine; bioindicators ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; LEACHS STORM-PETRELS; GAVIA-IMMER CHICKS; SEABIRD EGGS; COMMON LOONS; FOOD-WEB; TEMPORAL TRENDS; HEAVY-METAL; METALLOTHIONEIN CONCENTRATIONS AB From existing databases, we compiled and evaluated 604 total mercury (Hg) levels in the eggs and blood of 17 species of marine foraging birds from 35 Gulf of Maine islands to provide baseline data and to determine the best tissue, age class, and species for future biomonitoring. While mean Hg levels in most species did not exceed adverse effects thresholds, levels in some individual eggs did; for all species arithmetic mean egg Hg levels ranged from 0.04 to 0.62 (mu g/g, wet weight). Piscivorous birds had higher Hg levels than invertivores. Leach's storm-petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa), razorbill (Alca torda), and black guillemot (Cepphus grylle) adult blood and egg Hg levels were higher than other species. Our results indicate that adult blood is preferable to chick blood for detecting long-term temporal trends because adult levels are higher and not confounded by metabolic effects. However, since we found that eggs and adult blood are comparable indicators of methylmercury bioavailability, we determined that eggs are the preferred tissue for long-term Hg monitoring because the relative ease in collecting eggs ensures consistent and robust datasets. We suggest specific sampling methods, and based on our results demonstrate that common eider (Somateria mollissima), Leach's storm-petrel, double-crested cormorant, and black guillemot are the most effective bioindicators of Hg of the Gulf of Maine. C1 [Goodale, M. Wing; Evers, David C.; Taylor, Robert J.] BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Bond, Alexander L.; Otorowski, Catherine I.; Diamond, Anthony W.] Univ New Brunswick, Atlantic Cooperat Wildlife Ecol Res Network, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. [Bond, Alexander L.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. [Burgess, Neil M.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Mt Pearl, NF A1N 4T3, Canada. [Mierzykowski, Steven E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maine Field Off, Old Town, ME 04468 USA. [Welch, Linda J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maine Coastal Isl NWR, Milbridge, ME 04658 USA. [Hall, C. Scott; Kress, Stephen W.] Natl Audubon Soc, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Ellis, Julie C.] Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Environm & Populat Hlth, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. [Allen, R. Bradford] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Trace Element Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Goodale, MW (reprint author), BioDivers Res Inst, 19 Flaggy Meadow Rd, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. EM wing_goodale@briloon.org RI Bond, Alexander/A-3786-2010; Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; OI Burgess, Neil/0000-0001-6084-2048; Bond, Alexander/0000-0003-2125-7238 NR 114 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 409 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s10393-009-0211-7 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 449MN UT WOS:000266334800003 PM 19277786 ER PT J AU Evers, DC Mason, RP Kamman, NC Chen, CY Bogomolni, AL Taylor, DL Hammerschmidt, CR Jones, SH Burgess, NM Munney, K Parsons, KC AF Evers, David C. Mason, Robert P. Kamman, Neil C. Chen, Celia Y. Bogomolni, Andrea L. Taylor, David L. Hammerschmidt, Chad R. Jones, Stephen H. Burgess, Neil M. Munney, Kenneth Parsons, Katharine C. TI Integrated Mercury Monitoring Program for Temperate Estuarine and Marine Ecosystems on the North American Atlantic Coast SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Review DE mercury; marine ecosystems; estuaries; monitoring; birds; Atlantic Ocean ID LONG-ISLAND SOUND; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; YORK/NEW-JERSEY HARBOR; ACADIA NATIONAL-PARK; TERNS STERNA-HIRUNDO; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; MINK MUSTELA-VISON; GULF-OF-MEXICO; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS AB During the past century, anthropogenic activities have altered the distribution of mercury (Hg) on the earth's surface. The impacts of such alterations to the natural cycle of Hg can be minimized through coordinated management, policy decisions, and legislative regulations. An ability to quantitatively measure environmental Hg loadings and spatiotemporal trends of their fate in the environment is critical for science-based decision making. Here, we outline a Hg monitoring program for temperate estuarine and marine ecosystems on the Atlantic Coast of North America. This framework follows a similar, previously developed plan for freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems in the U.S. Methylmercury (MeHg) is the toxicologically relevant form of Hg, and its ability to bioaccumulate in organisms and biomagnify in food webs depends on numerous biological and physicochemical factors that affect its production, transport, and fate. Therefore, multiple indicators are needed to fully characterize potential changes of Hg loadings in the environment and MeHg bioaccumulation through the different marine food webs. In addition to a description of how to monitor environmental Hg loads for air, sediment, and water, we outline a species-specific matrix of biotic indicators that include shellfish and other invertebrates, fish, birds and mammals. Such a Hg monitoring template is applicable to coastal areas across the Northern Hemisphere and is transferable to arctic and tropical marine ecosystems. We believe that a comprehensive approach provides an ability to best detect spatiotemporal Hg trends for both human and ecological health, and concurrently identify food webs and species at greatest risk to MeHg toxicity. C1 [Evers, David C.] BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Mason, Robert P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Kamman, Neil C.] Vermont Dept Environm Conservat, Water Qual Div, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA. [Chen, Celia Y.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Bogomolni, Andrea L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Taylor, David L.] Roger Williams Univ, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. [Hammerschmidt, Chad R.] Wright State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Jones, Stephen H.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Burgess, Neil M.] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Canada, Mt Pearl, NF A1N 4T3, Canada. [Munney, Kenneth] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New England Field Off, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Parsons, Katharine C.] Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. RP Evers, DC (reprint author), BioDivers Res Inst, 19 Flaggy Meadow Rd, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. EM david.evers@briloon.org RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Hammerschmidt, Chad/M-3139-2014; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; OI Burgess, Neil/0000-0001-6084-2048 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; NIH [P42 ESO7373]; NIEHS; NCRR [P20RR016457] FX Through a grant from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Dartmouth College organized a Hg workshop in November 2006 that provided the opportunity to discuss and describe a standardized marine mercury monitoring network based on the consensus of a group of interdisciplinary mercury scientists. We thank Wing Goodale of BioDiversity Research Institute for expertly generating the study area map, and David Gay, Coordinator for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program, which includes the Mercury Deposition Network. Effort toward manuscript preparation was partially supported by NIH Grant Number P42 ESO7373 from the NIEHS and the RI-INBRE Grant Number P20RR016457 from NCRR, NIH. NR 169 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 426 EP 441 DI 10.1007/s10393-008-0205-x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 449MN UT WOS:000266334800004 PM 19294469 ER PT J AU Gaydos, JK Dierauf, L Kirby, G Brosnan, D Gilardi, K Davis, GE AF Gaydos, Joseph K. Dierauf, Leslie Kirby, Grant Brosnan, Deborah Gilardi, Kirsten Davis, Gary E. TI Top 10 Principles for Designing Healthy Coastal Ecosystems Like the Salish Sea SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE coastal ecosystem health; Georgia Basin; marine; Puget Sound; restoration; Salish Sea ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION; WASHINGTON-STATE; HARBOR SEALS; ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS; RHINOCEROS AUKLETS; PHOCA-VITULINA; PUGET-SOUND; CORAL-REEFS; DOMOIC ACID; FOOD WEBS AB Like other coastal zones around the world, the inland sea ecosystem of Washington (USA) and British Columbia (Canada), an area known as the Salish Sea, is changing under pressure from a growing human population, conversion of native forest and shoreline habitat to urban development, toxic contamination of sediments and species, and overharvest of resources. While billions of dollars have been spent trying to restore other coastal ecosystems around the world, there still is no successful model for restoring estuarine or marine ecosystems like the Salish Sea. Despite the lack of a guiding model, major ecological principles do exist that should be applied as people work to design the Salish Sea and other large marine ecosystems for the future. We suggest that the following 10 ecological principles serve as a foundation for educating the public and for designing a healthy Salish Sea and other coastal ecosystems for future generations: (1) Think ecosystem: political boundaries are arbitrary; (2) Account for ecosystem connectivity; (3) Understand the food web; (4) Avoid fragmentation; (5) Respect ecosystem integrity; (6) Support nature's resilience; (7) Value nature: it's money in your pocket; (8) Watch wildlife health; (9) Plan for extremes; and (10) Share the knowledge. C1 [Gaydos, Joseph K.] UC Davis, SeaDoc Soc, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Orcas Island Off, Eastsound, WA 98245 USA. [Dierauf, Leslie] US Geol Survey, Reg Execut NW Area, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Kirby, Grant] NW Indian Fisheries Commiss, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. [Brosnan, Deborah] Sustainable Ecosyst Inst, Portland, OR 97280 USA. [Gilardi, Kirsten] UC Davis, SeaDoc Soc, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Davis, Gary E.] GE Davis & Associates, Westlake Village, CA 91361 USA. RP Gaydos, JK (reprint author), UC Davis, SeaDoc Soc, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Orcas Island Off, 942 Deer Harbor Rd, Eastsound, WA 98245 USA. EM jkgaydos@ucdavis.edu OI Gaydos, Joseph/0000-0001-6599-8797 NR 89 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 460 EP 471 DI 10.1007/s10393-009-0209-1 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 449MN UT WOS:000266334800007 PM 19259736 ER PT J AU Glenn, EP Morino, K Didan, K Jordan, F Carroll, KC Nagler, PL Hultine, K Sheader, L Waugh, J AF Glenn, Edward P. Morino, Kiyomi Didan, Kamel Jordan, Fiona Carroll, Kenneth C. Nagler, Pamela L. Hultine, Kevin Sheader, Linda Waugh, Jody TI Scaling sap flux measurements of grazed and ungrazed shrub communities with fine and coarse-resolution remote sensing SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atriplex; Sarcobatus; nitrate contamination; transpiration; ground water depletion ID GREAT-BASIN; WATER RELATIONS; ESTIMATE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TRANSPIRATION COEFFICIENTS; VEGETATION INDEX; COLORADO PLATEAU; EDDY COVARIANCE; SOIL-WATER; DESERT; BALANCE AB We measured transpiration by black greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) (SAVE) and fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens) (ATCA) over a nitrate-contaminated aquifer in Monument Valley, Arizona, on the Colorado plateau. Heat balance sap flow sensors were used to measure transpiration by shrubs in 2006 and 2007 and results were scaled to larger landscape units and longer time scales using leaf area index (LAI), fractional vegetation cover, meterological data. and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) from MODIS sensors on the Terra satellite. Transpiration was high depending on leaf area (2.95-6.72 kg m(-2) d(-1)) and was controlled by vapour pressure deficit (D) in the atmosphere. SAVE tended to have higher transpiration rates than ATCA and had a steeper response to D but both exhibited midday depression of leaf conductance. Over most of the site. fractional vegetation cover (f(c)) and area-wide LAI were low (0.10 and 0.37 respectively) due to heavy gazing by cattle and sheep. However, a portion of the plume that had been protected from grazing for 10 years had f(c) = 0.75, LAI = 2.88. Transpiration rates on a ground-area basis varied with LAI, with midsummer daily values ranging from 1.44 mm d(-1) (LAI = 0.36) to 13.1 mm d(-1) (LAI = 2.88 mm) over the site. corresponding to projected annual values of 159-1447 mm year(-1). Controlling grazing could, theoretically. slow or halt the movement of the contamination plume by allowing the shrub community to extract water than is recharged in the aquifer. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd. C1 [Glenn, Edward P.; Jordan, Fiona] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Morino, Kiyomi] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Didan, Kamel; Carroll, Kenneth C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. [Hultine, Kevin] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Sheader, Linda; Waugh, Jody] SM Stoller Corp, Grand Junction, CO USA. RP Glenn, EP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, 2601 E Airport Drive, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM eglenn@ag.arizona.edu RI Carroll, Kenneth/H-5160-2011 OI Carroll, Kenneth/0000-0003-2097-9589 NR 56 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 316 EP 329 DI 10.1002/eco.19 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 390FU UT WOS:000262150500004 ER PT J AU Madsen, MD Chandler, DG Belnap, J AF Madsen, M. D. Chandler, D. G. Belnap, J. TI Spatial gradients in ecohydrologic properties within a pinyon-juniper ecosystem SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil hydrophobicity; water repellency; soil moisture content; juniper; pinyon; biological soil crust; hydrology ID SOIL-WATER REPELLENCY; UNSATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; VEGETATION PATCHES; WOODLAND; EROSION; RUNOFF; INFILTRATION; RANGELAND; RAINFALL AB The influence of woody vegetation and biological soil crusts on infiltration capacity is one of the several uncertainties associated with the ecohydrologic effects of woody plant encroachment into and and semi-arid land systems. The objective of this stud), was to quantify the effects of Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) and pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) on subcanopy and intercanopy ecohydrologic properties. We measured soil sorptivity, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity [K(h)], soil water content (SWC), and water repellency along radial line transects from under Juniperus and Pinus trees into the centre of the intercanopy space between trees. In the subcanopy, litter mounds, hydrophobic soils, and roots all appear to contribute to preferential flow to below-surface soils via wetted patches. For both Juniperus and Pinus, K(h) was significantly lower in the subcanopy than the intercanopy average; however, line transect measurements did not show distinct boundaries in K(h) between the two regions. K(h) increased by eight-fold across a gradient extending outward from near the edge of the canopy to approximately 2 times the canopy radius (CR). This suggests that the influence of these species on hydrologic properties extends significantly into the intercanopy region. Analysis of biological soil crust cover within the intercanopy showed that beyond the gradient zone, increasing structural development of biological soil crust was associated with increased K(h). Furthermore, these results indicate that the distance from the canopy and direction should be considered in the assessment and modelling of woody plant and biological soil crust influence on infiltration capacity. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Chandler, D. G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Madsen, M. D.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Belnap, J.] USGS Canyonlands Field Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Chandler, DG (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 2109 Fiedler Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dgc@ksu.edu RI Chandler, David/E-4543-2013 OI Chandler, David/0000-0002-8662-2892 FU Bureau of Land Management [JSA041003]; Kansas State University Targeted Excellence Program FX This work was supported by Bureau of Land Management contract #JSA041003 and the Kansas State University Targeted Excellence Program. This Kelleners, Justin Robinson and David Robinson provided valuable technical and logistical assistance for the field Surveys. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive Purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 41 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 33 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 349 EP 360 DI 10.1002/eco.29 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 390FU UT WOS:000262150500007 ER PT J AU Knight, RR Gregory, MB Wales, AK AF Knight, Rodney R. Gregory, M. Brian Wales, Amy K. TI Relating streamflow characteristics to specialized insectivores in the Tennessee River Valley: a regional approach SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tennessee River; insectivorous fish; constancy; frequency of moderate flooding; rate of streamflow recession; quantile regression; streamflow regime; ecological flow ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; GREAT-LAKES TRIBUTARIES; FLOW VARIABILITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; ECOLOGY; DISTURBANCE; INDEXES; PREDICTABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS AB Analysis of hydrologic time series and fish community data across the Tennessee River Valley identified three hydrologic metrics essential to habitat suitability and food availability for insectivorous fish communities in streams of the Tennessee River Valley: constancy (flow stability or temporal invariance), frequency of moderate flooding (frequency of habitat disturbance). and rate of streamflow recession. Initial datasets included 1100 fish community sites and 300 streamgages. Reduction of these datasets to sites with coexisting data yielded 33 sites with streamflow and fish community data for analysis. Identification of critical hydrologic metrics was computed using a multivariate correlation procedure that maximizes the rank correlation between the hydrologic metrics and fish community resemblance matrices. Quantile regression was used to define thresholds of potential ranges of insectivore scores for given values of the hydrologic metrics. Increased values of constancy and insectivore scores were positively correlated. Constancy of streamflow maintains wetted perimeter, which is important for providing habitat for fish spawning and increased surface area for invertebrate colonization and reproduction. Site scores for insectivorous fish increased as the frequency of moderate flooding (3 times the median annual streamflow) decreased, suggesting that insectivorous fish communities respond positively to less frequent disturbance and a more stable habitat. Increased streamflow recession rates were associated with decreased insectivore scores. Increased streamflow recession call strand fish in pools and other areas that are disconnected front flowing water and remove invertebrates as food sources that were suspended during high-streamflow events. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons. Ltd. C1 [Knight, Rodney R.] US Geol Survey, Tenessee Water Sci Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Gregory, M. Brian] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wales, Amy K.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Knight, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tenessee Water Sci Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. EM rrknight@usgs.gov RI Knight, Rodney/C-5356-2013 OI Knight, Rodney/0000-0001-9588-0167 NR 83 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 394 EP 407 DI 10.1002/eco.32 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 390FU UT WOS:000262150500010 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Fritz, KM Otter, RR AF Walters, David M. Fritz, Ken M. Otter, Ryan R. TI THE DARK SIDE OF SUBSIDIES: ADULT STREAM INSECTS EXPORT ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS TO RIPARIAN PREDATORS SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biomagnification; PCBs; Sangamo-Weston; stable isotopes; Superfund ID TERRESTRIAL FOOD WEBS; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; AQUATIC INSECTS; DESERT STREAM; SALMON; TETRAGNATHIDAE; SELECTION; LINKAGES; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN AB Aquatic insects provide a critical energy subsidy to riparian food webs, yet their role as vectors of contaminants to terrestrial ecosystems is poorly understood. We investigated relationships between aquatic resource utilization and contaminant exposure for a riparian invertivore assemblage (spiders and herptiles) along a stream contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Stable carbon (delta(13)C) and nitrogen (delta(15)N) isotopes indicated that aquatic insect utilization varied among predators, with progressive enrichment of delta(13)C and depletion of delta(15)N as predators shifted from aquatic to terrestrial prey. PCB concentrations significantly increased along these isotopic gradients; delta(13)C and delta(15)N explained 65% and 15% of the variance in predator Sigma PCBs, respectively. PCBs in predators were high, exceeding 2000 ng/g wet mass (the human-health advisory prohibiting any consumption of fish tissue) in three species. Greater consideration should be given to streams as lateral exporters rather than simply as longitudinal conduits for contaminants. Persistent contaminants are underutilized for addressing landscape-level questions in subsidy research, but our results demonstrate they are an ideal in situ tracer of stream-derived energy because they label stream organic matter and invertebrates over large distances. Likewise, riparian predators such as tetragnathid spiders have great potential as biological monitors of stream condition and as an assessment tool for risk management of contaminated aquatic sediments. C1 [Walters, David M.; Fritz, Ken M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Otter, Ryan R.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM waltersd@usgs.gov RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012; Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 NR 32 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 7 U2 77 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1835 EP 1841 DI 10.1890/08-0354.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396QF UT WOS:000262605500002 PM 19263881 ER PT J AU Brown, PM Wienk, CL Symstad, AJ AF Brown, Peter M. Wienk, Cody L. Symstad, Amy J. TI FIRE AND FOREST HISTORY AT MOUNT RUSHMORE SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dendroecology; fire behavior; fire frequency; fire history; fire severity; forest structure; ponderosa pine; reference dynamics; restoration ecology ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BLACK-HILLS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; TREE RECRUITMENT; CROWN FIRE; CLIMATE; FUELS; VARIABILITY; PERSPECTIVE AB Mount Rushmore National Memorial in the Black Hills of South Dakota is known worldwide for its massive sculpture of four of the United States' most respected presidents. The Memorial landscape also is covered by extensive ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest that has not burned in over a century. We compiled dendroecological and forest structural data from 29 plots across the 517-ha Memorial and used fire behavior modeling to reconstruct the historical. re regime and forest structure and compare them to current conditions. The historical. re regime is best characterized as one of low-severity surface fires with occasional (> 100 years) patches (< 100 ha) of passive crown fire. We estimate that only similar to 3.3% of the landscape burned as crown fire during 22 landscape fire years ( recorded at >= 25% of plots) between 1529 and 1893. The last landscape. re was in 1893. Mean. re intervals before 1893 varied depending on spatial scale, from 34 years based on scar-to-scar intervals on individual trees to 16 years between landscape. re years. Modal. re intervals were 11 - 15 years and did not vary with scale. Fire rotation ( the time to burn an area the size of the study area) was estimated to be 30 years for surface fire and 800+ years for crown. re. The current forest is denser and contains more small trees, fewer large trees, lower canopy base heights, and greater canopy bulk density than a reconstructed historical (1870) forest. Fire behavior modeling using the NEXUS program suggests that surface fires would have dominated. re behavior in the 1870 forest during both moderate and severe weather conditions, while crown fire would dominate in the current forest especially under severe weather. Changes in the fire regime and forest structure at Mount Rushmore parallel those seen in ponderosa pine forests from the southwestern United States. Shifts from historical to current forest structure and the increased likelihood of crown fire justify the need for forest restoration before a catastrophic wild fire occurs and adversely impacts the ecological and aesthetic setting of the Mount Rushmore sculpture. C1 [Brown, Peter M.] Rocky Mt Tree Ring Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wienk, Cody L.] Midwest Reg Off, Natl Pk Serv, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. [Symstad, Amy J.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. RP Brown, PM (reprint author), Rocky Mt Tree Ring Res, 2901 Moore Lane, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM pmb@rmtrr.org FU Joint Fire Science Program; National Park Service; Rocky Mountain Tree-Ring Research FX This research was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program, the National Park Service, and Rocky Mountain Tree-Ring Research. Fire-scar and tree recruitment data will be made available through the International Multiproxy Paleofire Database (online at hhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/impd/paleo.re.htmli). NR 64 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 22 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1984 EP 1999 DI 10.1890/07-1337.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396QF UT WOS:000262605500013 PM 19263892 ER PT J AU Eagles-Smith, CA Suchanek, TH Colwell, AE Anderson, NL AF Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Suchanek, Thomas H. Colwell, Arthur E. Anderson, Norman L. TI MERCURY TROPHIC TRANSFER IN A EUTROPHIC LAKE: THE IMPORTANCE OF HABITAT-SPECIFIC FORAGING SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation; Clear Lake, California, USA; diet analysis; fish; food webs; foraging habitat; mercury; stable isotopes; Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine; trophic transfer ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; STABLE-ISOTOPES; CONTAMINANT BIOACCUMULATION; CULTURAL EUTROPHICATION; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; SEASONAL-VARIATION; INORGANIC MERCURY; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; PRIMARY PRODUCERS AB Mercury (Hg) trophic transfer and bioaccumulation in fish from a mine-impacted, eutrophic lake were examined in relation to foraging habitat, trophic position, and size. Diet analysis indicated that there were clear ontogenetic shifts in foraging habitats and trophic position. Pelagic diet decreased and benthic diet increased with increasing fish length in bluegill, black crappie, inland silverside, and largemouth bass, whereas there was no shift for prickly sculpin or threadfin shad. Stable carbon isotope values (delta(13)C) were inversely related to the proportion of pelagic prey items in the diet, but there was no clear relationship with benthic foraging. There were distinct differences between pelagic and benthic prey basal delta(13)C values, with a range of approximately -28 parts per thousand in pelagic zooplankton to approximately -20 parts per thousand in benthic caddisflies. Profundal prey such as chironomid larvae had intermediate delta(13)C values of approximately -24 parts per thousand, reflecting the influence of pelagic detrital subsidies and suppressing the propagation of the benthic carbon isotope signal up the food chain. Fish total mercury (TotHg) concentrations varied with habitat-specific foraging, trophic position, and size; however, the relationships differed among species and ages. When controlling for the effects of species, length, and trophic position, TotHg and delta(13)C were positively correlated, indicating that Hg trophic transfer is linked to benthic foraging. When examined on a species-specific basis, TotHg was positively correlated with delta(13)C only for bluegill, largemouth bass, and threadfin shad. However, diet-based multiple regression analyses suggested that TotHg also increased with benthic foraging for inland silverside and black crappie. In both species, benthic prey items were dominated by chironomid larvae, explaining the discrepancy with delta(13)C. These results illustrate the importance of foraging habitat to Hg bioaccumulation and indicate that pelagic carbon can strongly subsidize the basal energy sources of benthic organisms. C1 [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Suchanek, Thomas H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Suchanek, Thomas H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Colwell, Arthur E.; Anderson, Norman L.] Lake Cty Vector Control Dist, Lakeport, CA 95453 USA. RP Eagles-Smith, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ceagles-smith@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 FU U. S. EPA-funded [R819658, R825433]; Center for Ecological Health Research at UC-Davis; U. S. EPA Region IX Superfund Program [68-S2-9005]; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank many colleagues for their dedicated field and laboratory assistance. We are especially grateful to Liz Vignola, Matt Fine, Rebekka Woodruff, Levi Lewis, Amanda Bern, Patrick Crain, and Katie Small. Peter Moyle, Dan Anderson, Peter Green, and Doug Nelson graciously provided access to analytical equipment and laboratory space. We thank Peter Moyle, Dan Anderson, Sudeep Chandra, Josh Ackerman, Patrick Crain, and Darell Slotton for many thoughtful discussions. We also thank Julie Yee, Karen Phillips, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that substantially improved the quality of the manuscript. This work was supported by the U. S. EPA-funded (R819658 and R825433) Center for Ecological Health Research at UC-Davis, the U. S. EPA Region IX Superfund Program (68-S2-9005) to T. H. Suchanek and UC Toxic Substances Research and Teaching Program (UC-Davis Lead Campus), UC-Davis block grant, and Jastro-Shields fellowships to C. A. Eagles-Smith. Although portions of this work have been funded wholly or in part by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, it may not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 65 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 34 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 8 BP A196 EP A212 DI 10.1890/06-1476.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396QP UT WOS:000262606500012 PM 19475925 ER PT J AU Eagles-Smith, CA Suchanek, TH Colwell, AE Anderson, NL Moyle, PB AF Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Suchanek, Thomas H. Colwell, Arthur E. Anderson, Norman L. Moyle, Peter B. TI CHANGES IN FISH DIETS AND FOOD WEB MERCURY BIOACCUMULATION INDUCED BY AN INVASIVE PLANKTIVOROUS FISH SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation; Clear Lake, California, USA; fish; inland silverside; invasions; invasive species; largemouth bass; mercury; nonnative fishes; stable isotopes; Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine; threadfin shad ID FRESH-WATER ZOOPLANKTON; SMELT OSMERUS-MORDAX; TROPHIC POSITION; METHYL MERCURY; THREADFIN SHAD; CLEAR-LAKE; CONTAMINANT BIOACCUMULATION; MISSISSIPPI SILVERSIDE; DOROSOMA-PETENENSE; MENIDIA-AUDENS AB The invasion, boom, collapse, and reestablishment of a population of the planktivorous threadfin shad in Clear Lake, California, USA, were documented over a 20-year period, as were the effects of changing shad populations on diet and mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation in nearshore fishes. Threadfin shad competitively displaced other planktivorous fish in the lake, such as inland silversides, young-of-year (YOY) largemouth bass, and YOY bluegill, by reducing zooplankton abundance. As a result, all three species shifted from a diet that was dominated by zooplankton to one that was almost entirely zoobenthos. Stable carbon isotopes corroborated this pattern with each species becoming enriched in delta(13)C, which is elevated in benthic vs. pelagic organisms. Concomitant with these changes, Hg concentrations increased by similar to 50% in all three species. In contrast, obligate benthivores such as prickly sculpin showed no relationship between diet or delta(13)C and the presence of threadfin shad, suggesting that effects of the shad were not strongly linked to the benthic fish community. There were also no changes in Hg concentrations of prickly sculpin. The temporary extirpation of threadfin shad from the lake resulted in zooplankton densities, foraging patterns, isotope ratios, and Hg concentrations in pelagic fishes returning to pre-shad values. These results indicate that even transient perturbations of the structure of freshwater food webs can result in significant alterations in the bioaccumulation of Hg and that food webs in lakes can be highly resilient. C1 [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Suchanek, Thomas H.; Moyle, Peter B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Suchanek, Thomas H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Colwell, Arthur E.; Anderson, Norman L.] Lake Cty Vector Control Dist, Lakeport, CA 95453 USA. RP Eagles-Smith, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ceagles-smith@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 FU U. S. EPA-funded [R819658, R825433]; Center for Ecological Health Research at UC-Davis; U. S. EPA Region IX Superfund Program [68-S2-9005]; JastroShields fellowships; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank many colleagues for their dedicated field and laboratory assistance. We are especially grateful to Liz Vignola, Matt Fine, Rebekka Woodruff, Levi Lewis, Amanda Bern, Patrick Crain, and Katie Small. Peter Green and Doug Nelson graciously provided access to analytical equipment and laboratory space. We thank Sudeep Chandra, Josh Ackerman, Dan Anderson, Patrick Crain, and Darell Slotton for many thoughtful discussions. We also thank Julie Yee, Karen Phillips, and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that substantially improved the quality of the manuscript. This work was supported by the U. S. EPA-funded (R819658 and R825433) Center for Ecological Health Research at UC-Davis, U. S. EPA Region IX Superfund Program (68-S2-9005) to T. H. Suchanek, and UC Toxic Substances Research and Teaching Program (UC-Davis Lead Campus), UC-Davis block grant, and JastroShields fellowships to C. A. Eagles-Smith. Although portions of this work have been funded fully or in part by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, it may not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 87 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 8 BP A213 EP A226 DI 10.1890/06-1415.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396QP UT WOS:000262606500013 PM 19475926 ER PT J AU Suchanek, TH AF Suchanek, Thomas H. TI Mercury Cycling and Bioaccumulation in a Mine-dominated Aquatic Ecosystem: Clear Lake, California SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material DE bioaccumulation; cinnabar; Clear Lake; mercury; methylmercury; mining; remediation; total maximum daily load(TMDL) C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Suchanek, TH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM tsuchanek@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 8 SI SI BP A1 EP A2 DI 10.1890/06-1475.1 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396QP UT WOS:000262606500001 PM 19475914 ER PT J AU Suchanek, TH Richerson, PJ Zierenberg, RA Slotton, DG Mullen, LH AF Suchanek, Thomas H. Richerson, Peter J. Zierenberg, Robert A. Slotton, Darell G. Mullen, Lauri H. TI VERTICAL STABILITY OF MERCURY IN HISTORIC AND PREHISTORIC SEDIMENTS FROM CLEAR LAKE, CALIFORNIA SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Clear Lake, California, USA; core; diagenetic mobilization; (14)C; mercury; methylmercury; sediment; Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine; (210)Pb ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; METHYLMERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHYL MERCURY; NORTH-AMERICA; REMOTE AREAS; DEPOSITION; CONTAMINATION AB Clear Lake, California, USA, is the site of the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, now a U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Site. Intermittent mining from 1873 to 1957 resulted in similar to 100 Mg of mercury (Hg) being deposited into the lake's ecosystem. Sediment cores to similar to 2.5 m depth (dated using (210)Pb and (14)C) represent similar to 3000 years of sedimentation. Clear Lake sediments have experienced Hg deposition from anthropogenic sources ( mining) during historic times (to the mid-1900s) and geologic sources during prehistoric times (prior to the mid-1800s). This provides a unique opportunity to evaluate hypotheses relating to (1) the influence of the mine on Hg loading to the lake and (2) the potential upward mobilization of Hg by diagenetic processes proposed by some as an alternative explanation for increased Hg concentrations at the surface of the sediment column believed to be caused by increased global atmospheric deposition. Although Hg mining began in 1873, no significant evidence of anthropogenic Hg loading was detected in cores prior to open-pit mining ca. 1927, which also involved bulldozing mine waste rock and tailings into the lake. Exponential increases in total Hg (TotHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) were observed above the 1927 horizon, where estimated sedimentation rates were 2.2-20.4 mm/yr and peaks of both forms of Hg maintained vertical stability within the sediment column. Below the 1927 horizon, a slow increase in both TotHg and MeHg with depth was observed from similar to 1000 to 3000 years before present, where sedimentation rates ranged from similar to 0.6 to 2.0 mm/yr and elevated Hg profiles appear stable. Vertical stability of Hg in the shallow and deep sediment column suggests that both TotHg and MeHg do not undergo diagenetic upward mobilization within the sediment column under rapid or slow sedimentation rates. Because (1) these data were collected at a site with known anthropogenic and geologic sources and (2) regions of elevated Hg concentrations from both sources remain stable within the sediment column under very different sedimentation regimes, these results also support the hypothesis that elevated Hg at the surface of cores in other worldwide locations likely represents global atmospheric deposition rather than upward diagenetic mobilization. C1 [Suchanek, Thomas H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Richerson, Peter J.; Slotton, Darell G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zierenberg, Robert A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Suchanek, TH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 3020 State Univ Dr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM tsuchanek@usgs.gov RI Zierenberg, Robert/F-9329-2012 OI Zierenberg, Robert/0000-0001-9384-7355 FU U. S. EPA Region IX [68-S2-9005, R819658]; Center for Ecological Health Research at UC-Davis; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank the County of Lake for support and resources throughout this project. Especially supportive have been the Lake County Board of Supervisors, the Flood Control District, the Air Quality Management District, and the Mosquito and Vector Control District. This work was supported in part by the U. S. EPA Region IX (68-S2-9005) to conduct an Ecological Assessment at the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine Superfund Site. It was also supported by the U. S. EPA (R819658) Center for Ecological Health Research at UC-Davis. We especially thank C. d'Almeida (U. S. EPA), R. Reynolds (Lake County AQMD), A. Colwell (Lake County MAD), and K. Mackey and L. Talley (Lake County BOS) for their continued support throughout all phases of these studies. We thank Ed Swain, Gary Gill, Karen Phillips, and Julie Yee for constructive comments on earlier drafts that dramatically improved the manuscript. Although the information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, it may not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 8 SI SI BP A284 EP A296 DI 10.1890/06-1544.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396QP UT WOS:000262606500017 PM 19475930 ER PT J AU Suchanek, TH Eagles-Smith, CA Harner, EJ AF Suchanek, Thomas H. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Harner, E. James TI IS CLEAR LAKE METHYLMERCURY DISTRIBUTION DECOUPLED FROM BULK MERCURY LOADING? SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE chironomids; Clear Lake, California, USA; fish; invertebrates; management; mercury; methylmercury; sediments; total maximum daily load (TMDL); water; zooplankton ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; NORTHERN WISCONSIN LAKES; CANADIAN SHIELD LAKES; WATER FOOD WEBS; METHYL MERCURY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ONONDAGA LAKE; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; AQUATIC SYSTEMS AB Clear Lake is the site of the abandoned Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, active periodically from 1873 to 1957, resulting in similar to 100 Mg of mercury (Hg) being deposited into the lake's ecosystem. Concentrations of total (primarily inorganic) Hg (TotHg) in Clear Lake are some of the highest reported worldwide for sediments (up to 4.4 x 10(5) ng/g [ppb dry mass]) and water (up to 4 x 10(-1) mu g/L [=ppb]). However, the ratio of methylmercury (MeHg) to TotHg at Clear Lake indicates that the methylation process is mostly decoupled from bulk inorganic Hg loading, with Hg in lower trophic level biota significantly less than anticipated compared with other Hg-contaminated sites worldwide. This may be due to several factors, including: (1) reduced bioavailability of Hg derived from the mine (i. e., cinnabar, metacinnabar, and corderoite), (2) the alkaline nature of the lake water, (3) the shallow depth of the lake, which prevents strati. cation and subsequent methylation in a stratified hypolimnion, and (4) possible dilution of MeHg by a highly productive system. However, while bulk inorganic Hg loading to the lake may not contribute significantly to the bioaccumulation of Hg, acid mine drainage (AMD) from the mine likely promotes Hg methylation by sulfate-reducing and iron-reducing bacteria, making AMD a vehicle for the production of highly bioavailable Hg. If Clear Lake were deeper, less productive, or less alkaline, biota would likely contain much more MeHg than they do presently. Comparisons of MeHg: TotHg ratios in sediments, water, and biota from sites worldwide suggest that the highest production of MeHg may be found at sites influenced by chloralkali plants, followed by sites influenced by gold and silver mines, with the lowest production of MeHg observed at cinnabar and metacinnabar Hg mines. These data also suggest that the total maximum daily load (TMDL) process for Hg at Clear Lake, as currently implemented to reduce contamination in fishes for the protection of wildlife and humans, may be. awed because the metric used to implement Hg load reduction (i. e., TotHg) is not directly proportional to the critical form of Hg that is being bioaccumulated (i. e., MeHg). C1 [Suchanek, Thomas H.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Harner, E. James] W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Suchanek, TH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 3020 State Univ Dr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM tsuchanek@usgs.gov FU U. S. EPA Region IX Superfund [68-S2-9005]; U. S. EPA Center for Ecological Health Research [R819658] FX Deep appreciation is extended to the many staff, identified in Suchanek et al. (2008d) from the U. C. Davis Clear Lake Environmental Research Center (CLERC) at Clear Lake who contributed greatly to the collection and processing of data and samples, analyses, and discussions over the entire 15-year period of this study. We also thank the County of Lake for support and resources throughout this project, especially the Lake County Board of Supervisors, the Water Resources Division, the Air Quality Management District, and the Vector Control District. Support from U. S. EPA Region IX Superfund (68-S2-9005) and the U. S. EPA Center for Ecological Health Research (R819658) made this project possible. Review comments provided by Betsy Henry, Karen Phillips, and Julie Yee significantly improved earlier versions of this document. Doug Nelson was helpful in discussing various aspects of MeHg production by bacteria. Although the information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, it may not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 95 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 8 SI SI BP A107 EP A127 DI 10.1890/06-1649.1 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396QP UT WOS:000262606500008 PM 19475921 ER PT J AU Suchanek, TH Eagles-Smith, CA Slotton, DG Harner, EJ Adam, DP Colwell, AE Anderson, NL Woodward, DL AF Suchanek, Thomas H. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Slotton, Darell G. Harner, E. James Adam, David P. Colwell, Arthur E. Anderson, Norman L. Woodward, David L. TI MINE-DERIVED MERCURY: EFFECTS ON LOWER TROPHIC SPECIES IN CLEAR LAKE, CALIFORNIA SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE benthic invertebrates; chironomid; Clear Lake, California, USA; crayfish; mercury; mining; oligochaete; plankton; sediment quality criteria; sediment quality guidelines; Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine ID BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; LARVAE DIPTERA; FOOD-WEB; ZOOPLANKTON; BIOACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS; PLANKTON; WATER; METHYLMERCURY; CONTAMINATION AB Considerable ecological research on mercury (Hg) has focused on higher trophic level species (e. g.,fishes and birds), but less on lower trophic species. Clear Lake, site of the abandoned Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, provides a unique opportunity to study a system influenced by mine-derived Hg. An exponentially decreasing gradient of total Hg (TotHg) away from the mine allowed us to evaluate Hg bioaccumulation in planktonic and benthic invertebrates and evaluate population- and community-level parameters that might be influenced by Hg. Studies from 1992-1998 demonstrated that TotHg in lower trophic species typically decreased exponentially away from the mine, similar to trends observed in water and sediments. However, a significant amount of invertebrate TotHg (similar to 60% for sediment-dwelling chironomid insect larvae) likely derives from Hg-laden particles in their guts. Spatially, whole-body methylmercury (MeHg) did not typically exhibit a significant decrease with increasing distance from the mine. Temporally, TotHg concentrations in plankton and chironomids did not exhibit any short-term (seasonal or annual) or long-term (multiyear) trends. Methylmercury, however, was elevated during late summer/fall in both plankton and chironomids, but it exhibited no long-term increase or decrease during this study. Although data from a 50-yr monitoring program for benthic chaoborid and chironomid larvae documented significant population fluctuations, they did not demonstrate population- level trends with respect to Hg concentrations. Littoral invertebrates also exhibited no detectable population- or community-level trends associated with the steep Hg gradient. Although sediment TotHg concentrations (1-1200 mg/kg dry mass) exceed sediment quality guidelines by up to 7000 times, it is notable that no population- or community-level effects were detected for benthic and planktonic taxa. In comparison with other sites worldwide, Clear Lake's lower trophic species typically have significantly higher TotHg concentrations, but comparable or lower MeHg concentrations, which may be responsible for the discrepancy between highly elevated TotHg concentrations and the general lack of observed population- or community-level effects. These data suggest that MeHg, as well as TotHg, should be used when establishing sediment quality guidelines. In addition, site-specific criteria should be established using the observed relationship between MeHg and observed ecological responses. C1 [Suchanek, Thomas H.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Adam, David P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Slotton, Darell G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Harner, E. James] W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Colwell, Arthur E.; Anderson, Norman L.; Woodward, David L.] Lake Cty Vector Control, Lakeport, CA 95453 USA. RP Suchanek, TH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 3020 State Univ Dr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM tsuchanek@usgs.gov FU U. S. EPA-funded [R819658, R825433]; Center for Ecological Health Research at UC Davis; U. S. EPA Region IX Superfund Program [68-S2-9005]; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Deep appreciation is given to the many staff, identified in Suchanek et al. (2008c) from the U. C. Davis Clear Lake Environmental Research Center at Clear Lake who contributed greatly to the collection and processing of data and samples, analyses, and discussions over the entire 15-year period of this study. We especially thank Brenda Lasorsa, Betsy Henry, Karen Phillips, and Julie Yee for valuable suggestions to earlier drafts and two anonymous reviewers who improved the submitted manuscript significantly. We also thank the County of Lake for support and resources throughout this project, especially the Lake County Board of Supervisors, the Water Resources Division, the Air Quality Management District, and the Vector Control District. This work was supported by the U. S. EPA-funded (R819658 and R825433) Center for Ecological Health Research at UC Davis, U. S. EPA Region IX Superfund Program (68-S2-9005), and UC Davis. Although the information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, it may not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 8 BP A158 EP A176 DI 10.1890/06-1485.1 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396QP UT WOS:000262606500010 PM 19475923 ER PT J AU Suchanek, TH Eagles-Smith, CA Slotton, DG Harner, EJ Colwell, AE Anderson, NL Mullen, LH Flanders, JR Adam, DP McElroy, KJ AF Suchanek, Thomas H. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Slotton, Darell G. Harner, E. James Colwell, Arthur E. Anderson, Norman L. Mullen, Lauri H. Flanders, John R. Adam, David P. McElroy, Kenneth J. TI SPATIOTEMPORAL TRENDS IN FISH MERCURY FROM A MINE-DOMINATED ECOSYSTEM: CLEAR LAKE, CALIFORNIA SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation; Clear Lake, California, USA; consumption guidelines; fish; mercury; mining; remediation; wildlife risk assessment ID SPORT FISH; LONG-TERM; CONTAMINATION; METHYLMERCURY; POLLUTION; RECOVERY; RIVER; BAY; HEALTH AB Clear Lake, California, USA, receives acid mine drainage and mercury (Hg) from the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, a U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) Superfund Site that was active intermittently from 1873 to 1957 and partially remediated in 1992. Mercury concentrations were analyzed primarily in four species of Clear Lake fishes: inland silversides (Menidia beryllina, planktivore), common carp (Cyprinus carpio, benthic scavenger/omnivore), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus, benthic omnivorous predator), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, piscivorous top predator). These data represent one of the largest fish Hg data sets for a single site, especially in California. Spatially, total Hg (TotHg) in silversides and bass declined with distance from the mine, indicating that the mine site represents a point source for Hg loading to Clear Lake. Temporally,fish Hg has not declined significantly over 12 years since mine site remediation. Mercury concentrations were variable throughout the study period, with no monotonic trends of increase or decrease, except those correlated with boom and bust cycles of an introduced. fish, threadfin shad (Dorosoma petenense). However, stochastic events such as storms also influence juvenile largemouth bass Hg as evidenced during an acid mine drainage over flow event in 1995. Compared to other sites regionally and nationally, most fish in Clear Lake exhibit Hg concentrations similar to other Hg-contaminated sites, up to similar to 2.0 mg/kg wet mass (WM) TotHg in largemouth bass. However, even these elevated concentrations are less than would be anticipated from such high inorganic Hg loading to the lake. Mercury in some Clear Lake largemouth bass exceeded all human health fish consumption guidelines established over the past 25 years by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (1.0 mg/kg WM), the National Academy of Sciences (0.5 mg/kg WM), and the U. S. EPA (0.3 mg/kg WM). Mercury in higher trophic level fishes exceeds ecotoxicological risk assessment estimates for concentrations that would be safe for wildlife, specifically the nonlisted Common Merganser and the recently delisted Bald Eagle. Fish populations of 11 out of 18 species surveyed exhibited a significant decrease in abundance with increasing proximity to the mine; this decrease is correlated with increasing water and sediment Hg. These trends may be related to Hg or other lake-wide gradients such as distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation. C1 [Suchanek, Thomas H.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Adam, David P.; McElroy, Kenneth J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Slotton, Darell G.; Mullen, Lauri H.; Flanders, John R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Harner, E. James] W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Colwell, Arthur E.; Anderson, Norman L.] Lake Cty Vector Control, Lakeport, CA 95453 USA. RP Suchanek, TH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 3020 State Univ Dr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM tsuchanek@usgs.gov FU U. S. EPA-funded [R819658, R825433]; Center for Ecological Health Research at UC Davis; U. S. EPA Region IX Superfund Program [68-S29005]; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Many people contributed to the collection and processing of data used in this paper. Those individuals are identified more specifically in Suchanek et al. (2008c). We especially thank Roger Hothem, Jason May, Jay Davis, Ben Greenfield, Karen Phillips, and Julie Yee for constructive comments on earlier drafts. This work was supported by the U. S. EPA-funded (R819658 and R825433) Center for Ecological Health Research at UC Davis, U. S. EPA Region IX Superfund Program (68-S29005), and UC Davis. Although the information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, it may not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 68 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 8 SI SI BP A177 EP A195 DI 10.1890/06-1900.1 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396QP UT WOS:000262606500011 PM 19475924 ER PT J AU Suchanek, TH Eagles-Smith, CA Slotton, DG Harner, EJ Adam, DP AF Suchanek, Thomas H. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Slotton, Darell G. Harner, E. James Adam, David P. TI MERCURY IN ABIOTIC MATRICES OF CLEAR LAKE, CALIFORNIA: HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE acid mine drainage; Clear Lake, California, USA; ecotoxicology; human health; mercury; methylmercury; mining; sediment quality criteria; Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine; water quality criteria ID SEDIMENT QUALITY GUIDELINES; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; METHYL MERCURY; ONONDAGA LAKE; SURFACE WATERS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; NATIONAL-PARK; NEW-YORK; METHYLMERCURY; CONTAMINATION AB Mercury (Hg) from Hg mining at Clear Lake, California, USA, has contaminated water and sediments for over 130 years and has the potential to affect human and environmental health. With total mercury (TotHg) concentrations up to 438 mg/kg (dry mass) in surficial sediments and up to 399 ng/L in lake water, Clear Lake is one of the most Hg-contaminated lakes worldwide. Particulate Hg in surface water near the mine ranges from 10 000 to 64 000 ng/g; TotHg declines exponentially with distance from the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine. From 1992 to 1998, no significant long-term trends for TotHg or methylmercury (MeHg) in sediments or water were observed, but peaks of both TotHg and MeHg occurred following a 1995 flooding event. Sediments and water exhibit summer/fall maxima and winter/spring minima for MeHg, but not TotHg. Sediment TotHg has not declined significantly a decade after remediation in 1992. At the mine site, aqueous TotHg reached 374 000 ng/L in unfiltered groundwater. Pore water sulfate in sediments varies seasonally from 112 mg/L in summer/fall (when Hg methylation is highest) to 3300 mg/L in winter. While TotHg is exceptionally high in both sediments and water, MeHg is substantially lower than would be expected based on the bulk Hg loading to the lake and in comparison with other sites worldwide. Total mercury in Clear Lake water does not exceed the Safe Drinking Water Act criteria, but it sometimes greatly exceeds human health criteria established by the Great Lakes Initiative, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency water quality guidelines, and the California Toxics Rule criterion. Methylmercury concentrations exceed the Great Lakes Initiative criterion for MeHg in water at some sites only during summer/fall. Relative to ecological health, Clear Lake sediments greatly exceed the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's benthic fauna Sediment Quality Guidelines for toxic effects, as well as the more concensus-based Threshold Effects Concentration criteria. Based on these criteria, Hg-contaminated sediments and water from Clear Lake are predicted to have some lethal and sublethal effects on specific resident aquatic species. However, based on unique physical and chemical characteristics of the Clear Lake environment, MeHg toxicity may be significantly less than anticipated from the large inorganic Hg loading. C1 [Suchanek, Thomas H.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Adam, David P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Slotton, Darell G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Harner, E. James] W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Suchanek, TH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 3020 State Univ Dr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM tsuchanek@usgs.gov FU U. S. EPA-funded [R819658, R825433]; Center for Ecological Health Research at UC Davis; U. S. EPA Region IX Superfund Program [68-S29005]; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Deep appreciation is given to the many staff, identified in Suchanek et al. (2008e), from the U. C. Davis Clear Lake Environmental Research Center (CLERC) at Clear Lake who contributed greatly to the collection and processing of data and samples, analyses, and discussions over the entire 15-year period of this study. We especially thank Brenda Lasorsa, Joseph Domagalski, Charles Alpers, Karen Phillips, and Julie Yee for valuable suggestions on earlier drafts. We also appreciate data and assistance from Bob Lossius, Tom Smythe, and Pam Fancis of the Lake County Department of Public Works. This work was supported by the U. S. EPA-funded (R819658 and R825433) Center for Ecological Health Research at UC Davis, U. S. EPA Region IX Superfund Program (68-S29005), and UC Davis. Although the information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, it may not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 83 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 8 SI SI BP A128 EP A157 DI 10.1890/06-1477.1 PG 30 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396QP UT WOS:000262606500009 PM 19475922 ER PT J AU Suchanek, TH Richerson, PJ Zierenberg, RA Eagles-Smith, CA Slotton, DG Harner, EJ Osleger, DA Anderson, DW Cech, JJ Schladow, SG Colwell, AE Mount, JF King, PS Adam, DP McElroy, KJ AF Suchanek, Thomas H. Richerson, Peter J. Zierenberg, R. A. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Slotton, Darell G. Harner, E. James Osleger, David A. Anderson, Daniel W. Cech, Joseph J., Jr. Schladow, S. Geoffrey Colwell, Arthur E. Mount, Jeffrey F. King, Peggie S. Adam, David P. McElroy, Kenneth J. TI THE LEGACY OF MERCURY CYCLING FROM MINING SOURCES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM: FROM ORE TO ORGANISM SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE benthic invertebrates; birds; Clear Lake, California, USA; coring; fish; mercury; mining; plankton; remediation; sediment; water ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; LARGE POLYMICTIC LAKE; CLEAR LAKE; SUPERFUND SITE; METHYLATION; CALIFORNIA; METHYLMERCURY; DEPOSITION; CONTAMINATION AB Clear Lake is the site of an abandoned mercury (Hg) mine (active intermittently from 1873 to 1957), now a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Site. Mining activities, including bulldozing waste rock and tailings into the lake, resulted in similar to 100 Mg of Hg entering the lake's ecosystem. This series of papers represents the culmination of similar to 15 years of Hg-related studies on this ecosystem, following Hg from the ore body to the highest trophic levels. A series of physical, chemical, biological, and limnological studies elucidate how ongoing Hg loading to the lake is influenced by acid mine drainage and how wind-driven currents and baroclinic circulation patterns redistribute Hg throughout the lake. Methylmercury (MeHg) production in this system is controlled by both sulfate-reducing bacteria as well as newly identified iron-reducing bacteria. Sediment cores (dated with dichlorodiphenyldichlorethane [DDD], Pb-210, and C-14) to similar to 250 cm depth (representing up to similar to 3000 years before present) elucidate a record of total Hg (TotHg) loading to the lake from natural sources and mining and demonstrate how MeHg remains stable at depth within the sediment column for decades to millenia. Core data also identify other stresses that have influenced the Clear Lake Basin especially over the past 150 years. Although Clear Lake is one of the most Hg-contaminated lakes in the world, biota do not exhibit MeHg concentrations as high as would be predicted based on the gross level of Hg loading. We compare Clear Lake's TotHg and MeHg concentrations with other sites worldwide and suggest several hypotheses to explain why this discrepancy exists. Based on our data, together with state and federal water and sediment quality criteria, we predict potential resulting environmental and human health effects and provide data that can assist remediation efforts. C1 [Suchanek, Thomas H.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Anderson, Daniel W.; Cech, Joseph J., Jr.; King, Peggie S.; Adam, David P.; McElroy, Kenneth J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Richerson, Peter J.; Slotton, Darell G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zierenberg, R. A.; Osleger, David A.; Mount, Jeffrey F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Harner, E. James] W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Schladow, S. Geoffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Colwell, Arthur E.] Lake Cty Vector Control Dist, Lakeport, CA 95453 USA. [King, Peggie S.] Cty Lake Special Dist, Lakeport, CA 95453 USA. RP Suchanek, TH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 3020 State Univ Dr E, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM tsuchanek@usgs.gov RI Zierenberg, Robert/F-9329-2012 OI Zierenberg, Robert/0000-0001-9384-7355 FU U. S. EPA-funded [R819658, R825433]; Center for Ecological Health Research at UC Davis; U. S. EPA Region IX Superfund Program [68-S2-9005]; UC Davis FX Deep appreciation is extended to the many staff from the UC-Davis Clear Lake Environmental Research Center (CLERC) at Clear Lake who contributed greatly to the collection and processing of data and samples, analyses, and discussions over the entire 15-year period of this study. Particular thanks go to Jesse Becker, Amanda Bern, Linnie Brister, J. R. Flanders, Brenda Johnson, Brad Lamphere, Anne Maxson, Laurent Meillier, Lauri Mullen, Mark Sexton, Mike Shaver, Brian Swisher, Lori Webber, Steve Why, and Cat Woodmansee. Their long hours of dedicated efforts have produced a wealth of long-term data from which this series of papers is derived. Steve Hill, Tom Smythe, Robert Reynolds, and Sue Arterburn smoothed collaboration with Lake County on the fieldwork for this project, and Robert Lossius provided support during the latter stages. The Lake County Board of Supervisors was highly supportive of our work, with special thanks to Karan Mackey and Louise Talley. Secchi disk data were provided by Jerry Bowles, Department of Water Resources, Northern District. Wind data were provided by the County of Lake Air Quality Management District. We thank Monica Choi, Ann Houck, and Robert Kaufman for useful discussions and Karen Phillips and Julie Yee for constructive comments on earlier drafts. This work was supported by the U. S. EPA-funded (R819658 and R825433) Center for Ecological Health Research at UC Davis, U. S. EPA Region IX Superfund Program (68-S2-9005), and UC Davis. Thanks to Carolyn d'Almeida and Jeri Simmons of U. S. EPA Region IX Superfund and to Karen Moorehouse of EPA-ORD for assistance in connection with this funding. We are extremely grateful to Dennis Rolston and Cheryl Smith who helped make the. nal compilation of studies in this issue a reality. Finally, special appreciation goes to Anne Fairbrother and Betsy Henry, guest editors, who did the heavy lifting of making sure the Special Issue manuscripts were reviewed in a timely and efficient manner by well-qualified reviewers. Although the information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the U. S. EPA, it may not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 98 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 8 SI SI BP A12 EP A28 DI 10.1890/08-0363.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396QP UT WOS:000262606500003 PM 19475916 ER PT J AU Yost, AC Petersen, SL Gregg, M Miller, R AF Yost, Andrew C. Petersen, Steven L. Gregg, Michael Miller, Richard TI Predictive modeling and mapping sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) nesting habitat using Maximum Entropy and a long-term dataset from Southern Oregon SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Sage grouse; Predictive modeling and mapping; Maximum Entropy; Hart Mountain National Antelope; Refuge ID DISTRIBUTIONS; SELECTION; FOREST; USA AB Predictive modeling and mapping based on the quantitative relationships between a species and the biophysical features (predictor variables) of the ecosystem in which it occurs can provide fundamental information for developing sustainable resource management policies for species and ecosystems. To create management strategies with the goal of sustaining a species such as sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), whose distribution throughout North America has declined by approximately 50%, land management agencies need to know what attributes of the range they now inhabit will keep populations sustainable and which attributes attract disproportionate levels of use within a home range. The objectives of this study were to 1) quantify the relationships between sage grouse nest-site locations and a set of associated biophysical attributes using Maximum Entropy, 2) find the best subset of predictor variables that explain the data adequately, 3) create quantitative sage grouse distribution maps representing the relative likelihood of nest-site habitat based on those relationships, and 3) evaluate the implications of the results for future management of sage grouse. Nest-site location data from 1995 to 2003 were collected as part of a long-term research program on sage grouse reproductive ecology at Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge. Two types of models were created: 1) with a set of predictor variables derived from digital elevation models, a field-validated vegetation classification, and UTM coordinates and 2) with the same predictors and UTM coordinates excluded. East UTM emerged as the most important predictor variable in the first type of model followed by the vegetation classification which was the most important predictor in the second type of model. The average training gain from ten modeling runs using all presence records and randomized background points was used to select the best subset of predictors. A predictive map of sage grouse nest-site habitat created from the application of the model to the study area showed strong overlap between model predictions and nest-site locations. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yost, Andrew C.] Oregon Dept Forestyr, Salem, OR 97310 USA. [Petersen, Steven L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Gregg, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Burbank, WA 99323 USA. [Miller, Richard] Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Yost, AC (reprint author), Oregon Dept Forestyr, 2600 State St, Salem, OR 97310 USA. EM ayost@odf.state.or.us NR 27 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 3 IS 6 BP 375 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2008.08.004 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 388KP UT WOS:000262019000004 ER PT J AU VanNimwegen, RE Kretzer, J Cully, JF AF VanNimwegen, Ron E. Kretzer, Justin Cully, Jack F., Jr. TI ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING BY A COLONIAL MAMMAL: HOW PRAIRIE DOGS STRUCTURE RODENT COMMUNITIES SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black-tailed prairie dogs; community composition; Cynomys spp.; ecosystem engineer; nonmetric multidimensional scaling; ordination; rodents; vegetation structure ID BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; SHORTGRASS-PRAIRIE; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; ORGANISMS; LANDSCAPE AB As ecosystem engineers, prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) physically alter their environment, but the mechanism by which these alterations affect associated faunal composition is not well known. We examined how rodent and vegetation communities responded to prairie dog colonies and landcover at the Cimarron National Grassland in southwest Kansas, USA. We trapped rodents and measured vegetation structure on and off colonies in 2000 and 2003. We plotted two separate ordinations of trapping grids: one based on rodent counts and a second based on vegetation variables. We regressed three factors on each ordination: (1) colony (on-colony and off-colony), (2) cover (shortgrass and sandsage), and (3) habitat (factorial cross of colony X cover). Rodent communities differed by colony but not cover. Vegetation differed across both gradients. Rodent responses to habitat reflected those of colony and cover, but vegetation was found to differ across cover only in the sandsage prairie. This interaction suggested that rodent composition responded to prairie dog colonies, but independently of vegetation differences. We conclude that burrowing and soil disturbance are more important than vegetation cropping in structuring rodent communities. C1 [VanNimwegen, Ron E.; Cully, Jack F., Jr.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Kretzer, Justin] ITAM, Ft Sill, OK 73503 USA. [Cully, Jack F., Jr.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP VanNimwegen, RE (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM vanron@ksu.edu FU U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U. S. Forest Service; Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Division of Biology of Kansas State University FX Funding for this report was funded by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Forest Service, Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Division of Biology of Kansas State University. E. Agner, P. Lemons, D. Martin, S. Meyers, M. Wong, J. Wertz, D. Winslow, S. Winter, and B. Thiagarajan provided extensive field assistance and data entry. P. Stapp, C. Paukert, and two anonymous reviewers provided reviews and valuable comments. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 89 IS 12 BP 3298 EP 3305 DI 10.1890/07-1511.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381GP UT WOS:000261524000006 PM 19137937 ER PT J AU Conroy, MJ Runge, JP Barker, RJ Schofield, MR Fonnesbeck, CJ AF Conroy, Michael J. Runge, Jonathan P. Barker, Richard J. Schofield, Matthew R. Fonnesbeck, Christopher J. TI EFFICIENT ESTIMATION OF ABUNDANCE FOR PATCHILY DISTRIBUTED POPULATIONS VIA TWO-PHASE, ADAPTIVE SAMPLING SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; adaptive sampling; Bayesian estimation; capture-mark-recapture; occupancy estimation; two-phase sampling ID DETECTION PROBABILITIES; MODELS AB Many organisms are patchily distributed, with some patches occupied at high density, others at lower densities, and others not occupied. Estimation of overall abundance can be difficult and is inefficient via intensive approaches such as capture-mark-recapture (CMR) or distance sampling. We propose a two-phase sampling scheme and model in a Bayesian framework to estimate abundance for patchily distributed populations. In the first phase, occupancy is estimated by binomial detection samples taken on all selected sites, where selection may be of all sites available, or a random sample of sites. Detection can be by visual surveys, detection of sign, physical captures, or other approach. At the second phase, if a detection threshold is achieved, CMR or other intensive sampling is conducted via standard procedures (grids or webs) to estimate abundance. Detection and CMR data are then used in a joint likelihood to model probability of detection in the occupancy sample via an abundance detection model. CMR modeling is used to estimate abundance for the abundance-detection relationship, which in turn is used to predict abundance at the remaining sites, where only detection data are collected. We present a full Bayesian modeling treatment of this problem, in which posterior inference on abundance and other parameters (detection, capture probability) is obtained under a variety of assumptions about spatial and individual sources of heterogeneity. We apply the approach to abundance estimation for two species of voles (Microtus spp.) in Montana, USA. We also use a simulation study to evaluate the frequentist properties of our procedure given known patterns in abundance and detection among sites as well as design criteria. For most population characteristics and designs considered, bias and mean-square error (MSE) were low, and coverage of true parameter values by Bayesian credibility intervals was near nominal. Our two-phase, adaptive approach allows efficient estimation of abundance of rare and patchily distributed species and is particularly appropriate when sampling in all patches is impossible, but a global estimate of abundance is required. C1 [Conroy, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Barker, Richard J.; Schofield, Matthew R.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Fonnesbeck, Christopher J.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Conroy, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mconroy@uga.edu OI Schofield, Matthew/0000-0003-1481-2766 NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 20 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 89 IS 12 BP 3362 EP 3370 DI 10.1890/07-2145.1 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381GP UT WOS:000261524000012 PM 19137943 ER PT J AU Collins, SL Suding, KN Cleland, EE Batty, M Pennings, SC Gross, KL Grace, JB Gough, L Fargione, JE Clark, CM AF Collins, Scott L. Suding, Katharine N. Cleland, Elsa E. Batty, Michael Pennings, Steven C. Gross, Katherine L. Grace, James B. Gough, Laura Fargione, Joe E. Clark, Christopher M. TI RANK CLOCKS AND PLANT COMMUNITY DYNAMICS SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community dynamics; proportional persistence; rank-abundance curves; rank clock; rank shifts; species diversity; temporal dynamics ID SPECIES ABUNDANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; DIVERSITY; DOMINANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; STABILITY; FRAMEWORK; TURNOVER; TIME AB Summarizing complex temporal dynamics in communities is difficult to achieve in a way that yields an intuitive picture of change. Rank clocks and rank abundance statistics provide a graphical and analytical framework for displaying and quantifying community dynamics. We used rank clocks, in which the rank order abundance for each species is plotted over time in temporal clockwise direction, to display temporal changes in species abundances and richness. We used mean rank shift and proportional species persistence to quantify changes in community structure in long-term data sets from fertilized and control plots in a late successional old field, frequently and infrequently burned tallgrass prairie, and Chihuahuan desert grassland and shrubland communities. Rank clocks showed that relatively constant species richness masks considerable temporal dynamics in relative species abundances. In the old field, fertilized plots initially experienced high mean rank shifts that stabilized rapidly below that of unfertilized plots. Rank shifts were higher in infrequently burned vs. annually burned tallgrass prairie and in desert grassland compared to shrubland vegetation. Proportional persistence showed that and grasslands were more dynamic than mesic grasslands. We conclude that rank clocks and rank abundance statistics provide important insights into community dynamics that are often hidden by traditional univariate approaches. C1 [Collins, Scott L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Suding, Katharine N.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Cleland, Elsa E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Batty, Michael] UCL, Ctr Adv Spatial Anal, Barlett Sch, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Pennings, Steven C.] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Gross, Katherine L.] Michigan State Univ, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Gross, Katherine L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Gough, Laura] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Fargione, Joe E.] Nature Conservancy, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Clark, Christopher M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Collins, SL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM scollins@sevilleta.unm.edu RI Pennings, Steven/A-8326-2013; Batty, Michael/I-5638-2014; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014 OI Pennings, Steven/0000-0003-4757-7125; Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892 FU Long Term Ecological Research Network Office FX We thank the Cedar Creek (data set E001), Konza Prairie (data set PVC021), and Sevilleta (data set SEV097) LTER sites for data access. We thank Allen Hurlbert, David Alonso, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript. Support for this work was provided by the Long Term Ecological Research Network Office, and working space was provided by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 55 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 89 IS 12 BP 3534 EP 3541 DI 10.1890/07-1646.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381GP UT WOS:000261524000027 PM 19137958 ER PT J AU Cloern, JE Jassby, AD AF Cloern, James E. Jassby, Alan D. TI Complex seasonal patterns of primary producers at the land-sea interface SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Coastal ecosystems; estuaries; global change; phenology; phytoplankton; primary producers; seasonal patterns ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS; NARRAGANSETT BAY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SIZE STRUCTURE; ACARTIA-TONSA; PHENOLOGY AB Seasonal fluctuations of plant biomass and photosynthesis are key features of the Earth system because they drive variability of atmospheric CO(2), water and nutrient cycling, and food supply to consumers. There is no inventory of phytoplankton seasonal cycles in nearshore coastal ecosystems where forcings from ocean, land and atmosphere intersect. We compiled time series of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) from 114 estuaries, lagoons, inland seas, bays and shallow coastal waters around the world, and searched for seasonal patterns as common timing and amplitude of monthly variability. The data revealed a broad continuum of seasonal patterns, with large variability across and within ecosystems. This contrasts with annual cycles of terrestrial and oceanic primary producers for which seasonal fluctuations are recurrent and synchronous over large geographic regions. This finding bears on two fundamental ecological questions: (1) how do estuarine and coastal consumers adapt to an irregular and unpredictable food supply, and (2) how can we extract signals of climate change from phytoplankton observations in coastal ecosystems where local-scale processes can mask responses to changing climate?. C1 [Cloern, James E.] US Geol Survey MS496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jassby, Alan D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cloern, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey MS496, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jecloern@usgs.gov RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; OI Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 56 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1294 EP 1303 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01244.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 369YK UT WOS:000260729600004 PM 18793308 ER PT J AU Budy, P Thiede, GP McHugh, P Hansen, ES Wood, J AF Budy, P. Thiede, G. P. McHugh, P. Hansen, E. S. Wood, J. TI Exploring the relative influence of biotic interactions and environmental conditions on the abundance and distribution of exotic brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a high mountain stream SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE brown trout; exotic species; growth; survival; density dependence; temperature ID BONNEVILLE CUTTHROAT TROUT; YOUNG MIGRATORY TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; POPULATION REGULATION; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; ABIOTIC FACTORS; NORTH-AMERICA; GROWTH-MODEL; SURVIVAL AB In the Logan River, UT, USA, exotic brown trout demonstrate a strong allopatric distribution and occur at high densities at low-elevation sites and in tributaries, and in low densities at native trout dominated, high-elevation sites. Summer temperatures and discharge do not appear limiting for growth; adult growth rates were high overall and were greatest when fish were held experimentally at high elevation where they do not occur naturally. Brown trout are superior competitors; competition for space or food was stronger with their own con-specifics than with other species. Evidence of density dependence was not observed at the juvenile life stage; no consistent relationships were detected between brown trout density and age-1 condition or lagged, age-0 weight (g). In contrast, adult brown trout demonstrated density-dependent effects on condition and growth when reared experimentally. Field estimates of adult growth rates (g center dot day(-1)), although variable, declined subtly with increasing density, and annual survival was significantly greater in the mainstem sites (mean = 52%) relative to a high-density tributary site (mean = 22%). Annual predicted age-0 brown trout growth potential was four-times greater at the lowermost site, compared with the highest elevation site, although fish lost weight over winter months at all sites. While adult density dependence may influence population abundance at some sites, extreme spring-winter conditions may ultimately limit the upper elevational extent of brown trout in this system. With changing climatic conditions and the potential for habitat degradation in the future, these results have important implications for native fish conservation. C1 [Budy, P.; Thiede, G. P.; Hansen, E. S.; Wood, J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [McHugh, P.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 FU Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR); Project XII; Sport Fisheries Research [F-47-R]; Utah State University (USU) Community-University Research Initiative; USU Water Initiative; U. S. Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at USU; Quinney Foundation FX Primary funding for this research was provided by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR), Project XII, Sport Fisheries Research, Grant Number F-47-R, and the volunteer assistance of the UDWR Dedicated Hunters program. Other funding and support was provided by the Utah State University (USU) Community-University Research Initiative, the USU Water Initiative, and the U. S. Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at USU. Pete McHugh was partially supported by a PhD fellowship from the Quinney Foundation. We would like to thank the UDWR Fisheries Experiment Station, UDWR-Salt Lake City office and UDWR Northern Region office for field assistance and support. Thanks to the U. S. Forest Service, Logan Ranger District, for providing continued assistance, and to our field crews, lab technicians and graduate students in the Fish Ecology Lab at USU. Four anonymous reviewers provided constructive criticism of a previous draft of this manuscript. NR 66 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 554 EP 566 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2008.00306.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 371HO UT WOS:000260822600005 ER PT J AU Fischer, JR Paukert, CP AF Fischer, J. R. Paukert, C. P. TI Habitat relationships with fish assemblages in minimally disturbed Great Plains regions SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE fish assemblages; habitat relationships; disturbance; conservation; Nebraska; Kansas ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; NORTH-AMERICA; STREAM FISHES; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITIES; INDEX; RIVER; TERRESTRIAL; ARKANSAS AB Effects of local environmental influences on the structure of fish assemblages were evaluated from 159 sites in two regions of the Great Plains with limited anthropogenic disturbance. These regions offered an opportunity to evaluate the structure and variation of streams and fish assemblages within the Great Plains. We used canonical correspondence analyses to determine the influence of environmental conditions on species abundances, species occurrences and assemblage characteristics. Analysis of regions separately indicated that similar environmental factors structured streams and fish assemblages, despite differences in environmental conditions and species composition between regions. Variance in fish abundance and assemblage characteristics from both regions was best explained by metrics of stream size and associated metrics (width, depth, conductivity and instream cover). Our results provide a framework and reference for conditions and assemblage structure in North American prairie streams. C1 [Paukert, C. P.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Fischer, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM fischer@iastate.edu FU Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks; Kansas State University; U.S. Geological Survey and the Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank all of personnel involved with the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission and the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks Stream Assessment and Monitoring Programs. We especially thank Steve Schainost, Edward Peters, Richard Holland, Dane Shuman, Tony Barada, Bill Garvey, Kristen Hase, Mark Van Scoyoc, Ryan Waters, Chris Hase, Eric Johnson, Lindsay Peter-Cox, Phil Brinkley, and numerous technicians who assisted in the collection of fish and habitat data. We would also like to thank Carter Kruse and Turner Enterprises for funding and logistical support. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 49 TC 23 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 597 EP 609 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2008.00312.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 371HO UT WOS:000260822600009 ER PT J AU Hall, JS Bentler, KT Landolt, G Elmore, SA Minnis, RB Campbell, TA Barras, SC Root, JJ Pilon, J Pabilonia, K Driscoll, C Slate, D Sullivan, H McLean, RG AF Hall, Jeffrey S. Bentler, Kevin T. Landolt, Gabrielle Elmore, Stacey A. Minnis, Richard B. Campbell, Tyler A. Barras, Scott C. Root, J. Jeffrey Pilon, John Pabilonia, Kristy Driscoll, Cindy Slate, Dennis Sullivan, Heather McLean, Robert G. TI Influenza Infection in Wild Raccoons SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; A VIRUSES; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; RESIDENT DUCKS; HOST-RANGE; MAMMALS; BIRDS; SURVEILLANCE; EVOLUTION; EXPOSURE AB Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are common, widely distributed animals that frequently come into contact with wild waterfowl, agricultural operations, and humans. Serosurveys showed that raccoons are exposed to avian influenza virus. We found antibodies to a variety of influenza virus subtypes (H10N7, H4N6, H4N2, H3, and H1) with wide geographic variation in seroprevalence. Experimental infection studies showed that raccoons become infected with avian and human influenza A viruses, shed and transmit virus to virus-free animals, and seroconvert. Analyses of cellular receptors showed that raccoons have avian and human type receptors with a similar distribution as found in human respiratory tracts. The potential exists for co-infection of multiple subtypes of influenza virus with genetic reassortment and creation of novel strains of influenza virus. Experimental and field data indicate that raccoons may play an important role in influenza disease ecology and pose risks to agriculture and human health. C1 [Hall, Jeffrey S.; Bentler, Kevin T.; Elmore, Stacey A.; Root, J. Jeffrey; Pilon, John; Sullivan, Heather; McLean, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Landolt, Gabrielle; Pabilonia, Kristy] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Minnis, Richard B.] Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS USA. [Campbell, Tyler A.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingsville, TX USA. [Barras, Scott C.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Moreley, VA USA. [Driscoll, Cindy] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Oxford, MD USA. [Slate, Dennis] Wildlife Services, USDA, Concord, NH USA. RP Hall, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jshall@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2008 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1842 EP 1848 DI 10.3201/eid1412.071371 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 401AZ UT WOS:000262911800002 PM 19046505 ER PT J AU Fell, R Cororninas, J Bonnard, C Cascini, L Leroi, E Savage, WZ AF Fell, Robin Cororninas, Jordi Bonnard, Christophe Cascini, Leonardo Leroi, Eric Savage, William Z. CA JTC-Joint-Tech Comm Landslides Eng TI Guidelines for landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk-zoning for land use planning SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Guidelines; Landslide susceptibility; Landslide hazard; Landslide risk; Landslide zoning C1 [Cororninas, Jordi] Tech Univ Catalonia UPC, Dept Geotechn Engn & Geosci, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Fell, Robin] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Bonnard, Christophe] PBBG SA, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Cascini, Leonardo] Univ Salerno, Dept Civil Engn, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy. [Leroi, Eric] Urbater, F-64000 Pau, France. [Savage, William Z.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Cororninas, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Catalonia UPC, Dept Geotechn Engn & Geosci, Jordi Girona 1-3,D-2 Bldg, Barcelona 08034, Spain. EM Jordi.Corominas@upc.edu OI Cascini, Leonardo/0000-0003-2807-6990; Corominas, Jordi/0000-0001-5049-7201 NR 13 TC 222 Z9 257 U1 13 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 102 IS 3-4 BP 85 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.03.022 PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 384DF UT WOS:000261723800002 ER PT J AU Fell, R Corominas, J Bonnard, C Cascini, L Leroi, E Savage, WZ AF Fell, Robin Corominas, Jordi Bonnard, Christophe Cascini, Leonardo Leroi, Eric Savage, William Z. CA JTC-Joint Tech Comm Landslides Eng TI Guidelines for landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk zoning for land-use planning Commentary SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; TEMPORAL OCCURRENCE; STABILITY ANALYSIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; EASTERN PYRENEES; ROCKFALL HAZARD; TRAVEL DISTANCE; MASS MOVEMENTS; FLOW SLIDES C1 [Corominas, Jordi] Tech Univ Catalonia UPC, Dept Geotech Engn & Geosci, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Fell, Robin] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Bonnard, Christophe] PBBG SA, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Cascini, Leonardo] Univ Salerno, Dept Civil Engn, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy. [Leroi, Eric] Urbater, F-64000 Pau, France. [Savage, William Z.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Corominas, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Catalonia UPC, Dept Geotech Engn & Geosci, Jordi Girona 1-3,D-2 Bldg, Barcelona 08034, Spain. EM Jordi.Corominas@upc.edu RI Corominas, Jordi/A-3569-2014 NR 164 TC 97 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 EI 1872-6917 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 102 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 99 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.03.014 PG 13 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 384DF UT WOS:000261723800003 ER PT J AU Godt, JW Baum, RL Savage, WZ Salciarini, D Schulz, WH Harp, EI AF Godt, J. W. Baum, R. L. Savage, W. Z. Salciarini, D. Schulz, W. H. Harp, E. I. TI Transient deterministic shallow landslide modeling: Requirements for susceptibility and hazard assessments in a GIS framework SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Landslide; Susceptibility; Infiltration; Rainfall; GIS ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; PHYSICALLY-BASED MODEL; SLOPE STABILITY MODEL; OREGON COAST RANGE; SOIL PRODUCTION; HILLSLOPE EVOLUTION; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; HISTORICAL RECORDS; DEBRIS FLOWS AB Application of transient deterministic shallow landslide models over broad regions for hazard and susceptibility assessments requires information on rainfall, topography and the distribution and properties of hillside materials. We survey techniques for generating the spatial and temporal input data for such models and present an example using a transient deterministic model that combines an analytic solution to assess the pore-pressure response to rainfall infiltration with an infinite-slope stability calculation. Pore-pressures and factors of safety are computed on a cell-by-cell basis and can be displayed or manipulated in a grid-based GIS. Input data are high-resolution (1.8 m) topographic information derived from LiDAR data and simple descriptions of initial pore-pressure distribution and boundary conditions for a study area north of Seattle, Washington. Rainfall information is taken from a previously defined empirical rainfall intensity-duration threshold and material strength and hydraulic properties were measured both in the field and laboratory. Results are tested by comparison with a shallow landslide inventory. Comparison of results with those from static infinite-slope stability analyses assuming fixed water-table heights shows that the spatial prediction of shallow landslide susceptibility is improved using the transient analyses; moreover, results can be depicted in terms of the rainfall intensity and duration known to trigger shallow landslides in the study area. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Godt, J. W.; Baum, R. L.; Savage, W. Z.; Schulz, W. H.; Harp, E. I.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Salciarini, D.] Univ Perugia, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. RP Godt, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jgodt@usgs.gov OI Salciarini, Diana/0000-0002-0085-2639; Baum, Rex/0000-0001-5337-1970 NR 105 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 102 IS 3-4 BP 214 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.03.019 PG 13 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 384DF UT WOS:000261723800011 ER PT J AU Salciarini, D Godt, JW Savage, WZ Baum, RL Conversini, P AF Salciarini, Diana Godt, Jonathan W. Savage, William Z. Baum, Rex L. Conversini, Pietro TI Modeling landslide recurrence in Seattle, Washington, USA SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Shallow landslides; Rainfall thresholds; Physically based models AB To manage the hazard associated with shallow landslides, decision makers need an understanding of where and when landslides may occur. A variety of approaches have been used to estimate the hazard from shallow, rainfall-triggered landslides, such as empirical rainfall threshold methods or probabilistic methods based on historical records. The wide availability of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and digital topographic data has led to the development of analytic methods for landslide hazard estimation that couple steady-state hydrological models with slope stability. calculations. Because these methods typically neglect the transient effects of infiltration on slope stability, results cannot be linked with historical or forecasted rainfall sequences. Estimates of the frequency of conditions likely to cause landslides are critical for quantitative risk and hazard assessments. We present results to demonstrate how a transient infiltration model coupled with an infinite slope stability calculation may be used to assess shallow landslide frequency in the City of Seattle, Washington, USA. A module called CRF (Critical RainFall) for estimating deterministic rainfall thresholds has been integrated in the TRIGRS (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Slope-Stability) model that combines a transient, one-dimensional analytic solution for pore-pressure response to rainfall infiltration with an infinite slope stability calculation. Input data for the extended model include topographic slope, colluvial thickness, initial water-table depth, material properties, and rainfall durations. This approach is combined with a statistical treatment of rainfall using a GEV (General Extreme Value) probabilistic distribution to produce maps showing-the shallow landslide recurrence induced, on a spatially distributed basis, as a function of rainfall duration and hillslope characteristics. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Salciarini, Diana; Conversini, Pietro] Univ Perugia, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, I-06125 Perugia, Italy. [Godt, Jonathan W.; Savage, William Z.; Baum, Rex L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Salciarini, D (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Via G Duranti 93, I-06125 Perugia, Italy. EM diana@unipg.it; jgodt@usgs.gov; savage@usgs.gov; baum@usgs.gov; pconver@unipg.it OI Salciarini, Diana/0000-0002-0085-2639; Baum, Rex/0000-0001-5337-1970 NR 38 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 102 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.03.013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 384DF UT WOS:000261723800012 ER PT J AU Kondolf, GM Angermeier, PL Cummins, K Dunne, T Healey, M Kimmerer, W Moyle, PB Murphy, D Patten, D Railsback, S Reed, DJ Spies, R Twiss, R AF Kondolf, G. Mathias Angermeier, Paul L. Cummins, Kenneth Dunne, Thomas Healey, Michael Kimmerer, Wim Moyle, Peter B. Murphy, Dennis Patten, Duncan Railsback, Steve Reed, Denise J. Spies, Robert Twiss, Robert TI Projecting Cumulative Benefits of Multiple River Restoration Projects: An Example from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River System in California SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE River restoration; Chinook salmon; Sacramento River; San Joaquin River; Restoration response curves; Gravel augmentation ID HABITAT RESTORATION; RIPARIAN; FISH AB Despite increasingly large investments, the potential ecological effects of river restoration programs are still small compared to the degree of human alterations to physical and ecological function. Thus, it is rarely possible to "restore" pre-disturbance conditions; rather restoration programs (even large, well-funded ones) will nearly always involve multiple small projects, each of which can make some modest change to selected ecosystem processes and habitats. At present, such projects are typically selected based on their attributes as individual projects (e.g., consistency with programmatic goals of the funders, scientific soundness, and acceptance by local communities), and ease of implementation. Projects are rarely prioritized (at least explicitly) based on how they will cumulatively affect ecosystem function over coming decades. Such projections require an understanding of the form of the restoration response curve, or at least that we assume some plausible relations and estimate cumulative effects based thereon. Drawing on our experience with the CALFED Bay-Delta Ecosystem Restoration Program in California, we consider potential cumulative system-wide benefits of a restoration activity extensively implemented in the region: isolating/filling abandoned floodplain gravel pits captured by rivers to reduce predation of outmigrating juvenile salmon by exotic warmwater species inhabiting the pits. We present a simple spreadsheet model to show how different assumptions about gravel pit bathymetry and predator behavior would affect the cumulative benefits of multiple pit-filling and isolation projects, and how these insights could help managers prioritize which pits to fill. C1 [Kondolf, G. Mathias] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Landscape Architecture & Environm Planning, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, United States Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Cummins, Kenneth] Humboldt State Univ, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Dunne, Thomas] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Healey, Michael] Univ British Columbia, Inst Resources & Environm, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Kimmerer, Wim] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Moyle, Peter B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Murphy, Dennis] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Patten, Duncan] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Railsback, Steve] Lang Railsback & Assoc, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Reed, Denise J.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Spies, Robert] Appl Marine Sci, Little River, CA 95456 USA. RP Kondolf, GM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Landscape Architecture & Environm Planning, 202 Wurster Hall 2000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kondolf@berkeley.edu; Steve@LangRailsback.com RI Dunne, Thomas/B-6374-2014; OI Dunne, Thomas/0000-0002-5281-6517; Railsback, Steven/0000-0002-5923-9847 FU CALFED Ecosystem Restoration FX This article is based principally on work supported by the CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program, on whose Science Board most of the authors served. Scott McBain provided valuable background information on the Tuolumne River restoration projects, including Fig. 4. Peter Vorster, Jeff Haltiner, and Nadine Hitchcock provided data on historical/ current tidal marsh extent and area of tidal marsh restored, and Ken Rose provided background on fish screens. The Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by U. S. Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 42 IS 6 BP 933 EP 945 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9162-y PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 373DV UT WOS:000260952100005 PM 18810527 ER PT J AU Kenow, KP Hoffman, DJ Hines, RK Meyer, MW Bickham, JW Matson, CW Stebbins, KR Montagna, P Elfessi, A AF Kenow, Kevin P. Hoffman, David J. Hines, Randy K. Meyer, Michael W. Bickham, John W. Matson, Cole W. Stebbins, Katie R. Montagna, Paul Elfessi, Abdulaziz TI Effects of methylmercury exposure on glutathione metabolism, oxidative stress, and chromosomal damage in captive-reared common loon (Gavia immer) chicks SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Common loon; Gavia immer; Genotoxicity; Mercury; Oxidative stress ID FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; TESTICULAR TISSUES; MERCURY EXPOSURE; TRIETHYLENEMELAMINE; SELENIUM; DUCKS; RAT AB We quantified the level of dietary mercury (Hg), delivered as methylmercury chloride (CH(3)HgCl), associated with negative effects on organ and plasma biochemistries related to glutathione (GSH) metabolism and oxidative stress, and chromosomal damage in captive-reared common loon (Gavia immer) chicks reared from hatch to 105 days. Mercury-associated effects related to oxidative stress and altered glutathione metabolism occurred at 1.2 mu g Hg/g and 0.4 mu g Hg/g, an ecologically relevant dietary mercury level, but not at 0.08 mu g Hg/g. Among the variables that contributed most to dissimilarities in tissue chemistries between control and treatment groups were increased levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH peroxidase, and the ratio of GSSG to GSH in brain tissue; increased levels of hepatic GSH; and decreased levels of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH). Our results also suggest that chronic exposure to environmentally relevant dietary Hg levels did not result in statistically significant somatic chromosomal damage in common loon chicks. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kenow, Kevin P.; Hines, Randy K.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Hoffman, David J.; Stebbins, Katie R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Meyer, Michael W.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Bickham, John W.] Purdue Univ, Ctr Environm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bickham, John W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Matson, Cole W.] Duke Univ, Integrated Toxicol & Environm Hlth Program, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Montagna, Paul] Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Elfessi, Abdulaziz] Univ Wisconsin, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Kenow, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM kkenow@usgs.gov; dfhoffman@usgs.gov; rkhines@usgs.gov; michael.meyer@dnr.state.wi.us; bickham@purdue.edu; matson@duke.edu; paul.montagna@tamucc.edu; elfessi.abdu@uwlax.edu RI Matson, Cole/F-7992-2010; OI Matson, Cole/0000-0002-6472-9357; Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197 FU Electric Power Research Institute; Wisconsin Utilities Association; Wisconsin Department of Administration Wisconsin Focus on Energy Environmental Research Program; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance: F. Fournier, B.A. Rycyzyn, and C.R. Gonczy prepared and delivered Hg doses; J.E. Lyon, K.A. Kroc, M.S. Meier, A.J. Lindo, M.L. Weinandt, R.L. Beckmann, LE. McColl, S.M. Strom, E.R. Deppe, D.D. King,C.M. Lipke, H.L. O'Brien, S.T. Troxell, R.M. Kreiling, A. Stone,T.N. Willers, K.A. Zinszer, E.A. Kurth, K.M. McColl, A.M. Hankee, K.A. DuBois, E.L. Strom, L.L Meek, S.C. Houdek, C.D. Pollentier, A.J. Kimball, J.L. Inglish, J.A. Homyack, B.A. Rycyzyn, C.R. Gonczy assisted with captive-rearing of loon chicks; T. Daulton, B. Fevold, S. Gillum, L.E. McColl, M.S. Meier, H.L. O'Brien, M. Parrara, S. Weick, and S.C. Houdek assisted with nest monitoring and egg collection; L.A. Lee, J. Luoma, and C.A. Berg cultured the rainbow trout used in the study; D.M. Kennedy provided quality assurance guidance: T.D. Hubert provided oversight of dose solution preparation in 2003; and L.G. Johnson provided veterinary care and consultation. B.R. Gray provided advice on statistical analyses. G.H. Heinz, B. Ickes, and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Financial support for this project was provided by the Electric Power Research Institute, the Wisconsin Utilities Association, the Wisconsin Department of Administration Wisconsin Focus on Energy Environmental Research Program, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 156 IS 3 BP 732 EP 738 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.06.009 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 383MW UT WOS:000261678700019 PM 18657888 ER PT J AU Su, TZ Shu, S Shi, HL Wang, JM Adams, C Witt, EC AF Su, Tingzhi Shu, Shi Shi, Honglan Wang, Jianmin Adams, Craig Witt, Emitt C. TI Distribution of toxic trace elements in soil/sediment in post-Katrina New Orleans and the Louisiana Delta SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE New Orleans; Hurricane Katrina; Toxic trace elements; Contamination; Soil ID HURRICANE-KATRINA; SOILS; SEDIMENTS; LEAD AB This study provided a comprehensive assessment of seven toxic trace elements (As, Pb, V, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Hg) in the soil/sediment of Katrina affected greater New Orleans region I month after the recession of flood water. Results indicated significant contamination of As and V and non-significant contamination of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb at most sampling sites. Compared to the reported EPA Region 6 soil background inorganic levels, except As, the concentrations of other six elements had greatly increased throughout the studied area; St. Bernard Parish and Plaquemines Parish showed greater contamination than other regions. Comparison between pre- and post-Katrina data in similar areas, and data for surface, shallow, and deep samples indicated that the trace element distribution in post-Katrina New Orleans was not obviously attributed to the flooding. This study suggests that more detailed study of As and V contamination at identified locations is needed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Su, Tingzhi; Shu, Shi; Shi, Honglan; Wang, Jianmin; Adams, Craig] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, ERC, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Su, Tingzhi; Shu, Shi; Wang, Jianmin; Adams, Craig] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Su, Tingzhi] Tongji Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Witt, Emitt C.] Midcontinent Geog Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Wang, JM (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, ERC, 223 Butler Carlton Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM wangjia@umr.edu RI Shu, Shi/B-2110-2010 OI Shu, Shi/0000-0001-6788-3555 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center, through the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program; Environmental Research Center (ERC) at the Missouri University of Science and Technology FX This research was sponsored by a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center, through the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program. Analyses and additional support was provided by the Environmental Research Center (ERC) at the Missouri University of Science and Technology (formerly University of Missouri-Rolla). Special thanks to the OCSNER Medical Group of New Orleans, Calvin O'Neal and the USGS National Wetland Science Center, Lafayette, Louisiana, for facilitating our sampling effort. Authors also wish to thank Mr. Harmanjit Mallhi for his assistance for mercury analysis. Conclusions and statements made in this paper are those of the authors, and in no way reflect the endorsement of the aforementioned funding agencies. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 156 IS 3 BP 944 EP 950 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.016 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 383MW UT WOS:000261678700047 PM 18757126 ER PT J AU Spears, BL Brown, MW Hester, CM AF Spears, Brian L. Brown, Michael W. Hester, Cyrus M. TI EVALUATION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL REMEDIATION AT A SUPERFUND SITE USING TREE SWALLOWS (TACHYCINETA BICOLOR) AS INDICATORS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Polychlorinated biphenyl; Risk assessment; Superfund; Tree swallow; Tachycineta bicolor ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GREEN BAY; VITAMIN-A; FOX RIVER; USA; WISCONSIN; CONTAMINATION; EXPOSURE; BIRDS; PCBS AB We studied tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) at the Sangamo National Priorities List (NPL) site and a reference area ( Little Grassy) within Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, Illinois, USA, to evaluate the bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs) at the NPL site following remediation. Tree swallow eggs and 12- to 17-d-old chicks were collected from April to June 2004 and 2005. Total egg PCB concentrations in eggs did not differ between years at Sangamo; mean concentrations at Sangamo in 2004 to 2005 ( 4,452 ng/g) were higher than those from Little Grassy in 2004 ( 351 ng/g; p = 0.002) and 2005 ( 705 ng/g; p = 0.007). A positive PCB dilution in chicks is equivalent to relatively large amounts of exposure and absorption. Total PCB daily dilution in chicks in 2004 and 2005 averaged 92.4 and - 203 ng/g/d at Sangamo and - 21.8 and - 42.7 ng/g/d at Little Grassy. Dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs) in eggs in 2004 and 2005 were 1,844 and 676 pg/g at Sangamo and 165 and 128 pg/g at Little Grassy. Mean TEQs in chicks in 2004 and 2005 were 117 and 23.8 pg/g body weight at Sangamo and 0.8 and 0.7 pg/g body weight at Little Grassy. Total PCB concentrations in eggs and chicks at Sangamo and Little Grassy appeared to be comparable to other PCB-contaminated and reference sites. Our data demonstrate that tree swallows using the Sangamo site continue to accumulate significant quantities of PCBs seven years after remedial actions. These findings prompted a reevaluation of remediation at the site and underscore the importance of postremediation monitoring of ecological receptors, particularly in cases involving persistent environmental contaminants. C1 [Spears, Brian L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Columbia Fish & Wildlife Off, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. [Brown, Michael W.; Hester, Cyrus M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marion, IL 62959 USA. RP Spears, BL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Columbia Fish & Wildlife Off, 11103 E Montgomery Dr, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. EM brian_spears@fws.gov FU Department of the Interior's Central Hazardous Materials Fund FX The present study was funded by the Department of the Interior's Central Hazardous Materials Fund. Thanks to Chuck Beasley for help in study site preparation and Becky Schwab for aid in nest box monitoring. Thanks to Matt Whiles, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Department of Zoology, for 2004 invertebrate identification. Anne Secord, Kathryn Jahn, Barnett Rattner, and anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments in previous drafts of this manuscript. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2512 EP 2520 DI 10.1897/07-625.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 393UQ UT WOS:000262399300013 PM 18699698 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Wang, LX Tawes, R AF Chen, Qin Wang, Lixia Tawes, Robert TI Hydrodynamic Response of Northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Hurricanes SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Mississippi River delta; Estuarine dynamics; Storm surge; Wind waves; Wave-surge interaction; Topographic effect; Hurricane Katrina; Hurricane Ivan ID SURFACE WIND FIELDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; STORM-SURGE; ANDREW LANDFALL; SOUTH FLORIDA; MODEL; WAVES; SIMULATION; SYSTEM; FLOYD AB The northeastern Gulf of Mexico in the USA is extremely susceptible to the impacts of tropical cyclones because of its unique geometric and topographic features. Focusing on Hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Katrina (2005), this paper has addressed four scientific questions on this area's response to hurricanes: (1) How does the shallow, abandoned Mississippi delta contribute to the storm surge? (2) What was the controlling factor that caused the record-high storm surge of Hurricane Katrina? (3) Why are the responses of an estuary to Hurricanes Ivan and Katrina so different from the corresponding surges on the open coast? (4) How would the storm surge differ if Hurricane Katrina had taken a different course? Guided by field observations of winds, waves, water levels, and currents, two state-of-the-art numerical models for storm surges and wind waves have been coupled to hindcast the relevant hydrodynamic conditions, including storm surges, surface waves, and depth-averaged currents. Fairly good agreement between the modeled and measured surge hydrographs was found. The quantitative numerical simulations and simple qualitative analysis have revealed that the record-high storm surge of Hurricane Katrina was caused by the interaction of the surge with the extremely shallow, ancient deltaic lobe of Mississippi River. A hypothetical scenario formed by shifting the path of Hurricane Katrina to the observed path of Hurricane Frederic (1979) resulted in a much smaller surge than that observed in coastal Mississippi and Louisiana. However, this scenario did still result in a high surge near the head of Mobile Bay. One of the important lessons learned from Hurricane Katrina is that the Saffir-Simpson scale should be systematically revised to reflect the topographic and geometric features of a complex, heterogeneous coast, including the possible surge amplification in an estuary or a submerged river delta. C1 [Chen, Qin] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wang, Lixia] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Tawes, Robert] Daphne Field Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Daphne, AL USA. RP Chen, Q (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM qchen@lsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [0652859]; US Fish and Wildlife Service [401815J017] FX The study has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation (grant no. 0652859), and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (401815J017). Permission to use the velocity data collected by Dr. K. Park as well as the wind and water level data collected by several federal agencies are greatly appreciated. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1098 EP 1116 DI 10.1007/s12237-008-9089-9 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 369IA UT WOS:000260686700007 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, HS AF Ginsberg, Howard S. TI Potential effects of mixed infections in ticks on transmission dynamics of pathogens: comparative analysis of published records SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mixed infections; Ticks; Coinfection; Transmission dynamics ID BURGDORFERI-SENSU-LATO; IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; ANAPLASMA-PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; BABESIA-MICROTI; RICINUS TICKS; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM AB Ticks are often infected with more than one pathogen, and several field surveys have documented nonrandom levels of coinfection. Levels of coinfection by pathogens in four tick species were analyzed using published infection data. Coinfection patterns of pathogens in field-collected ticks include numerous cases of higher or lower levels of coinfection than would be expected due to chance alone, but the vast majority of these cases can be explained on the basis of vertebrate host associations of the pathogens, without invoking interactions between pathogens within ticks. Nevertheless, some studies have demonstrated antagonistic interactions, and some have suggested potential mutualisms, between pathogens in ticks. Negative or positive interactions between pathogens within ticks can affect pathogen prevalence, and thus transmission patterns. Probabilistic projections suggest that the effect on transmission depends on initial conditions. When the number of tick bites is relatively low (e. g., for ticks biting humans) changes in prevalence in ticks are predicted to have a commensurate effects on pathogen transmission. In contrast, when the number of tick bites is high (e. g., for wild animal hosts) changes in pathogen prevalence in ticks have relatively little effect on levels of transmission to reservoir hosts, and thus on natural transmission cycles. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Coastal Field Stn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Ginsberg, HS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Coastal Field Stn, Woodward Hall-PLS, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM hginsberg@usgs.gov FU U. S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX I thank R. A. LeBrun and G. Olsen for constructive comments on early drafts of the manuscript. This work was supported by the U. S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. NR 45 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1-4 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s10493-008-9175-5 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 379NL UT WOS:000261403300005 PM 18648996 ER PT J AU Griffith, EM Schauble, EA Bullen, TD Paytan, A AF Griffith, Elizabeth M. Schauble, Edwin A. Bullen, Thomas D. Paytan, Adina TI Characterization of calcium isotopes in natural and synthetic barite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MARINE BARITE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SATURATION STATE; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; CA ISOTOPES; PORE-FLUID; FRACTIONATION; CYCLE; CARBONATES; SEAWATER AB The mineral barite (BaSO4) accommodates calcium in its crystal lattice, providing all archive of Ca-isotopes in the highly stable sulfate mineral. Holocene marine (pelagic) barite samples from the major ocean basins are isotopically indistinguishable from each other (delta Ca-44/40 = -2.01 +/- 0.15%) but are different from hydrothermal and cold seep barite samples (delta Ca-44/40 = -4.13 to -2.72%). Laboratory precipitated (synthetic) barite samples are more depleted in the heavy Ca-isotopes than pelagic marine barite and span a range of Ca-isotope corn posit ions, Delta Ca-44/40 = -3.42 to -2.40%. Temperature, saturation state. aBa(2+)/aSO(4)(2-). and aCa(2+)/aBa(2+) each influence the fractionation of Ca-isotopes in synthetic barite; however,the fractionation in marine barite samples is not strongly related to any measured environmental parameter. First-principles lattice dynamical modeling predicts that at equilibrium Ca-substituted barite will have much lower Ca-44/Ca-40 than calcite. by -9% at 0 degrees C and -3% at 25 degrees C. Based on this model. none of the measured barite samples appear to be in isotopic equilibrium with their parent Solutions, although its predicted they do record lower delta Ca-44/40 values than seawater and calcite. Kinetic fractionation processes therefore most likely control the extent of isotopic fractionation exhibited in barite. Potential fractionation mechanisms include factors influencing Ca2+ substitution for Ba2+ in barite (e.g. ionic strength and trace element concentration of the Solution, competing complexation reactions, precipitation or growth rate, temperature, pressure, and saturation state) as well as nucleation and crystal growth rates. These factors should be considered when investigating controls on isotopic fractionation of Ca2+ and other elements in inorganic and biogenic minerals. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Griffith, Elizabeth M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Griffith, Elizabeth M.; Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Schauble, Edwin A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Branch Reg Res, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Griffith, EM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Bldg 320,Room 118, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM emgriffith@stanford.edu RI Schauble, Edwin/E-7812-2012 FU NSF CAREER [OCE-0449732, EAR-0345433]; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship FX A special thanks to A. Eisenhauer for the opportunity to run some samples at IFM-GEOMAR, J. Fitzpatrick for analytical help at the USGS-Menlo Park, and D. Lemarchand for earlier discussions about our initial results. R. Jones and G. Li provided valuable assistance with the SEM and ICP analyses. The authors thank the following core repositories for providing samples: Scripps Institute of Oceanography: Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory; Oregon State University; Florida State University; the Bremen Core Repository and the University of Rhode Island Core Repository. We thank P. Lonsdale, M. Tivey. T. Naehr, and D. Stakes for generously sharing their barite samples with us. We thank M. Fantle and an anonymous reviewer for their very helpful comments and M. Rehkamper for his editorial handling. This work was funded by NSF CAREER Grant OCE-0449732 to A.P. and NSF EAR-0345433 to E.A.S. E.M.G. was supported by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship while working on this project and is currently supported as a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow. NR 74 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 8 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 23 BP 5641 EP 5658 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.08.010 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 373QV UT WOS:000260988000005 ER PT J AU Pearson, SCP Connor, CB Sanford, WE AF Pearson, S. C. P. Connor, C. B. Sanford, W. E. TI Rapid response of a hydrologic system to volcanic activity: Masaya volcano, Nicaragua SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALDERA COMPLEX; MERAPI VOLCANO; TEMPERATURE; ERUPTION; INDONESIA; CRATER; GASES; FLUX; CO2 AB Hydrologic systems change in response to volcanic activity and in turn may be sensitive indicators of volcanic activity. Here we investigate the coupled nature of magmatic and hydrologic systems using continuous multichannel time series of soil temperature collected on the Hanks of Masaya volcano, Nicaragua, one of the most active volcanoes in Central America. The soil temperatures were measured in a low-temperature fumarole field located 3.5 km down the flanks of the volcano. Analysis of these time series reveals that they respond extremely rapidly. on a time scale of minutes, to changes in volcanic activity also manifested a( the summit vent. These rapid temperature changes are caused by increased How of water vapor through flank fumaroles during volcanism. The soil temperature response, similar to 5 degrees C, is repetitive and complex, with is many as 13 pulses during a single volcanic episode. Analysis of the frequency spectrum of these temperature time series shows that these anomalies are characterized by broad frequency content during volcanic activity. They are thus easily distinguished from seasonal trends, diurnal variations, or individual rainfall events, which triggered rapid transient increases in temperature during 5 % of events. We suggest that the mechanism responsible for the distinctive temperature signals is rapid change in pore pressure in response to magmatism, a response that can be enhanced by meteoric water infiltration. Monitoring of distal fumaroles can therefore provide insight into coupled volcanic-hydrologic-meteorologic systems, and has potential as an inexpensive monitoring tool. C1 [Pearson, S. C. P.; Connor, C. B.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Sanford, W. E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Pearson, SCP (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, 4202 E Fowler Ave,SCA 528, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Pearson, Sophie/I-6808-2013 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 36 IS 12 BP 951 EP 954 DI 10.1130/G25210A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 381WN UT WOS:000261566700011 ER PT J AU Mariner, RH Minor, SA King, AP Boles, JR Kellogg, KS Evans, WC Land, GA Hunt, AG Till, CB AF Mariner, Robert H. Minor, Scott A. King, Allen P. Boles, James R. Kellogg, Karl S. Evans, William C. Land, Gary A. Hunt, Andrew G. Till, Christy B. TI A landslide in Tertiary marine shale with superheated fumaroles, Coast Ranges, California SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION METAMORPHISM; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MEXICO AB In August 2004, a National Forest fire crew extinguished a 1.2 ha fire in a wilderness area similar to 40 km northeast of Santa Barbara, California. Examination revealed that the fire originated on a landslide dotted with superheated fumaroles. A 4 m borehole punched near the hottest (262 degrees C) fumarole had a maximum temperature of 307 degrees C. Temperatures in this borehole have been decreasing by similar to 0.1 degrees C/d, although the cooling rate is higher when the slide is dry. Gas from the fumaroles and boreholes is mostly air with 3-8 vol% carbon dioxide and trace amounts of carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, and propane. The carbon dioxide is (14)C-dead. The ratios of methane to ethane Plus propane [C(1)/C(2) + C(3))] range from 3.6 to 14. Carbon isotope values for the CO(2) range from -14%omicron to -23%omicron delta(13)C. (3)He/(4)He values range from 0.96 to 0.97 times that of air. The anomalous heat is interpreted to be due to rapid oxidation of iron sulfide augmented by combustion of carbonaceous matter within the formation. C1 [Mariner, Robert H.; Evans, William C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Minor, Scott A.; Kellogg, Karl S.; Land, Gary A.; Hunt, Andrew G.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [King, Allen P.] Los Padres Natl Forest, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Boles, James R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Till, Christy B.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Mariner, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 434,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Till, Christy/D-7771-2012; Evans, William/J-4283-2012 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 36 IS 12 BP 959 EP 962 DI 10.1130/G25285A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 381WN UT WOS:000261566700013 ER PT J AU Premo, WR Castineiras, P Wooden, JL AF Premo, Wayne R. Castineiras, Pedro Wooden, Joseph L. TI SHRIMP-RG U-Pb isotopic systematics of zircon from the Angel Lake orthogneiss, East Humboldt Range, Nevada: Is this really Archean crust? SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; NORTHERN-GREAT-BASIN; PRECAMBRIAN CRATON; TERTIARY GRANITE; SR; ND; ROCKS; GEOCHRONOLOGY; ORIGIN AB New SHRIMP-RG (sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry) data confirm the existence of Archean components within zircon grains of a sample from the orthogneiss of Angel Lake, Nevada, United States, previously interpreted as a nappe of Archean crust. However, the combined evidence strongly suggests that this orthogneiss is a highly deformed, Late Cretaceous monzogranite derived from melting of a sedimentary source dominated by Archean detritus. Zircon grains from the same sample used previously for isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) isotopic work were analyzed using the SHRIMP-RG to better define the age and origin of the orthogneiss. Prior to analysis, imaging revealed a morphological variability and intragrain, polyphase nature of the zircon population. The SHRIMP-RG yielded (207)Pb/(206)Pb ages between ca. 2430 and 2580 Ma (a best-fit mean (207)Pb/(206)Pb age of 2531 +/- 19 Ma; 95% confidence) from mostly rounded to subrounded zircons and zircon components (cores). In addition, several analyses from rounded to subrounded cores or grains yielded discordant (207)Pb/(206)Pb ages between ca. 1460 and ca. 2170 Ma, consistent with known regional magmatic events. All cores of Proterozoic to latest Archean age were encased within clear, typically low Th/U (< 0.015), oscillatory zoned, mostly euhedral, Late Cretaceous zircon. The younger zircon yielded essentially concordant (206)Pb/(238)U ages between 72 and 91 Ma, consistent with magmatic ages from Lamoille Canyon to the south. An age of ca. 90 Ma is suggested, the younger (206)Pb/(238)U ages resulting from Pb loss. The Cretaceous and Precambrian zircon components also have distinct trace element characteristics, indicating that these age groups are not related to the same igneous source. These results support recent geophysical interpretations and negate the contention that the Archean-Proterozoic boundary extends into the central Great Basin area. They further suggest that the world-class gold deposits along the Carlin Trend are not underlain by Archean cratonal crust, but rather by the Proterozoic Mojave province and Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic metasedimentary sequences dominated by detritus derived from Late Archean sources rather than Proterozoic sources, as is evident farther to the south in the Ruby Mountains. C1 [Premo, Wayne R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Castineiras, Pedro] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Petrol & Geoquim, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Wooden, Joseph L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Premo, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 963,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Castineiras, Pedro/L-2760-2014 OI Castineiras, Pedro/0000-0002-1835-3192 FU Metallogeny of the Great Basin FX This work was supported by the U. S. Geological Survey's Mineral Resources Program under the Metallogeny of the Great Basin project. We would like to thank James E. "Jim" Wright at the University of Georgia for contributing a portion of his zircons from sample RM-9, the orthogneiss of Angel Lake, and Paul Mueller and Keith Howard for their thorough reviews. We are also thankful to Isabelle Brownfield and Heather Lowers at the Microbeam Lab under the supervision of Greg Meeker at the USGS in Denver for their assistance in CL imaging of the zircon grains. Last, but not least, our thanks to the efficient and attentive workers of the SUMAC laboratories at Stanford University (Frank Mazdab, Bettina Wiegand, Brad Ito, and Ariel Strickland, among others) for their help in operating the SHRIMP instrumentation and in interpreting the results-all are greatly appreciated. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2008 VL 4 IS 6 BP 963 EP 975 DI 10.1130/GES00164.1 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 406XD UT WOS:000263327300004 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Chapelle, FH Loffler, FE AF Bradley, P. M. Chapelle, F. H. Loeffler, F. E. TI Anoxic mineralization: Environmental reality or experimental artifact? SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article C1 [Bradley, P. M.; Chapelle, F. H.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Loeffler, F. E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Loeffler, F. E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov; chapelle@usgs.gov; frank.loeffler@ce.gatech.edu RI Loeffler, Frank/M-8216-2013 NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 47 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2007.00186.x PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 266ZT UT WOS:000253478200002 ER PT J AU Harrison, KR Chapman, MG AF Harrison, Keith R. Chapman, Mary G. TI Evidence for ponding and catastrophic floods in central Valles Marineris, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, surface ID HYDRAOTES CHAOS; NORTHERN PLAINS; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; SURFACE; TOPOGRAPHY; LANDSLIDES; MORPHOLOGY; TERRAINS; OCEAN AB The Valles Marineris canyon system of Mars is closely related to large flood channels, some of which emerge full born from chaotic terrain in canyon floors. Coprates Chasma, one of the largest Valles Marineris canyons. is connected at its west end to Melas Chasma and on its east end to chaotic terrain-filled Capri and Eos Chasmata. The area from central Melas to Eos Chasmata contains a 1500 km long and about 1 km deep depression in its floor. Despite the large Volumes of groundwater that likely discharged from chaotic terrain in this depression, no evidence of related fluvial activity has thus far been reported. We present an analysis of the regional topography which, together with photogeologic interpretation of available imagery, Suggests that ponding due to late Hesperian discharge of water possibly produced a lake (mean depth 842 in) spanning parts of the Valles Marineris depression (VMD). Overflow of this lake at its eastern end resulted in delivery of water to downstream chaos regions and Outflow channels. Our pending hypothesis is motivated primarily by the identification of scarp and terrace features which, despite a lateral spread of about 1500 km, have similar elevations. Furthermore, these elevations correspond to the maximum ponding elevation of the region (-3560 m). Simulated pending in the VMD yields an overflow point at its eastern extremity, in Eos Chasma. The neighborhood of this overflow point contains clear indicators Of fluvial erosion in a consistent east-west orientation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Harrison, Keith R.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Chapman, Mary G.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Harrison, KR (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St,Ste 300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM harrison@boulder.swri.edu FU NASA [NNG05GL83G] FX This work was supported by NASA Grant NNG05GL83G. Thanks to Sebastian Breitenbach, Wendy Jaegar, Bob Grimm, Ginny Gulick, and Ken Tanaka for valuable input. We also wish to thank the HRSC Team and Gerhard Neukum for some of the topographic profiles. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2008 VL 198 IS 2 BP 351 EP 364 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.08.003 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 382TW UT WOS:000261629300006 ER PT J AU McGuire, PC Wolff, MJ Smith, MD Arvidson, RE Murchie, SL Clancy, RT Roush, TL Cull, SC Lichtenberg, KA Wiseman, SM Green, RO Martin, TZ Milliken, RE Cavender, PJ Humm, DC Seelos, FP Seelos, KD Taylor, HW Ehlmann, BL Mustard, JF Pelkey, SM Titus, TN Hash, CD Malaret, ER AF McGuire, Patrick C. Wolff, Michael J. Smith, Michael D. Arvidson, Raymond E. Murchie, Scott L. Clancy, R. Todd Roush, Ted L. Cull, Selby C. Lichtenberg, Kim A. Wiseman, Sandra M. Green, Robert O. Martin, Terry Z. Milliken, Ralph E. Cavender, Peter J. Humm, David C. Seelos, Frank P. Seelos, Kim D. Taylor, Howard W. Ehlmann, Bethany L. Mustard, John F. Pelkey, Shannon M. Titus, Timothy N. Hash, Christopher D. Malaret, Erick R. CA CRISM Team TI MRO/CRISM Retrieval of Surface Lambert Albedos for Multispectral Mapping of Mars With DISORT-Based Radiative Transfer Modeling: Phase 1-Using Historical Climatology for Temperatures, Aerosol Optical Depths, and Atmospheric Pressures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric propagation; infrared spectroscopy; remote sensing; software verification and validation ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; ALGORITHM; WATER; VALIDATION; MINERALS; REGION; LAND; SIZE AB We discuss the DISORT-based radiative transfer pipeline ("CRISM_LambertAlb") for atmospheric and thermal correction of MRO/CRISM data acquired in multispectral mapping mode (similar to 200 m/pixel, 72 spectral channels). Currently, in this phase-one version of the system, we use aerosol optical depths, surface temperatures, and lower atmospheric temperatures, all from climatology derived from Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES) data and from surface altimetry derived from MGS Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). The DISORT-based model takes the dust and ice aerosol optical depths (scaled to the CRISM wavelength range), the surface pressures (computed from MOLA altimetry, MGS-TES lower atmospheric thermometry, and Viking-based pressure climatology), the surface temperatures, the reconstructed instrumental photometric angles, and the measured I/F spectrum as inputs, and then a Lambertian albedo spectrum is computed as the output. The Lambertian albedo spectrum is valuable geologically because it allows the mineralogical composition to be estimated. Here, I/F is defined as the ratio of the radiance measured by CRISM to the solar irradiance at Mars divided by pi; if there was no martian atmosphere, I/F divided by the cosine of the incidence angle would be equal to the Lambert albedo for a Lambertian surface. After discussing the capabilities and limitations of the pipeline software system, we demonstrate its application on several multispectral data cubes-particularly, the outer reaches of the northern ice cap of Mars, the Tyrrhena Terra area that is northeast of the Hellas basin, and an area near the landing site for the Phoenix mission in the northern plains. For the icy spectra near the northern polar cap, aerosols need to be included in order to properly correct for the CO2 absorption in the H2O ice bands at wavelengths near 2.0 mu m. In future phases of software development, we intend to use CRISM data directly in order to retrieve the spatiotemporal maps of aerosol optical depths, surface pressure, and surface temperature. This will allow a second level of refinement in the atmospheric and thermal correction of CRISM multispectral data. C1 [McGuire, Patrick C.; Arvidson, Raymond E.; Cull, Selby C.; Lichtenberg, Kim A.; Wiseman, Sandra M.] Washington Univ, McDonald Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Wolff, Michael J.; Clancy, R. Todd] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Smith, Michael D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Murchie, Scott L.; Cavender, Peter J.; Humm, David C.; Seelos, Frank P.; Seelos, Kim D.; Taylor, Howard W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Roush, Ted L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Green, Robert O.; Martin, Terry Z.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ehlmann, Bethany L.; Mustard, John F.; Pelkey, Shannon M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hash, Christopher D.; Malaret, Erick R.] Appl Coherent Technol Corp, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. RP McGuire, PC (reprint author), Washington Univ, McDonald Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Smith, Michael/C-8875-2012; McGuire, Patrick/D-2962-2013; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Seelos, Kimberly/F-4647-2015; Humm, David/B-8825-2016; Seelos, Frank/C-7875-2016 OI McGuire, Patrick/0000-0001-6592-4966; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Seelos, Kimberly/0000-0001-7236-0580; Humm, David/0000-0003-1520-261X; Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Jet Propulsion Laboratory [1277793]; McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences; NASA Graduate Student Research; MRO Participating Scientist [1300367]; MGS-TES; ODY/THEMIS; MRO project FX Manuscript received October 4. 2007: revised March 25. 2008. Current version published November 26. 2008, This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through the Applied Physics Laboratory under subcontract from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory through JPL Contract 1277793. The work of P. C. McGuire was supported by it Robert M. Walker Senior Research Fellowship from the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences. The work of S. M. Wiseman was Supported by a NASA Graduate Student Research Program fellowship. The work of T. N. Titus was supported in part by MRO Participating Scientist Award 1300367 and in part by the MGS-TES and ODY/THEMIS projects. The work of T. Z. Martin, R. O. Green. and R. E. Milliken was supported by the MRO project. NR 62 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2008 VL 46 IS 12 BP 4020 EP 4040 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2000631 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 385GC UT WOS:000261801700007 ER PT J AU Simoes, FJM Yang, CT AF Simoes, Francisco J. M. Yang, Chih Ted TI GSTARS computer models and their applications, Part II: Applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEDIMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Computer model; Reservoir; River; Sediment transport; Unit stream power AB In part I of this two-paper series, a brief summary of the basic concepts and theories used in developing the Generalized Stream Tube model for Alluvial River Simulation (GSTARS) computer models was presented. Part 2 provides examples that illustrate some of the capabilities of the GSTARS models and how they can be applied to solve a wide range of river and reservoir sedimentation problems. Laboratory and field case studies are used and the examples show representative applications of the earlier and of the more recent versions of GSTARS. Some of the more recent capabilities implemented in GSTARS3, one of the latest versions of the series, are also discussed here with more detail. C1 [Simoes, Francisco J. M.] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. [Yang, Chih Ted] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hydrosci & Training Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Simoes, FJM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, 4620 Technol Dr,Suite 400, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM frsimoes@usgs.gov; ctyang@engr.colostate.edu NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IRTCES PI BEIJING PA PO BOX 366, BEIJING, 100044, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6279 J9 INT J SEDIMENT RES JI Int. J. Sediment Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 299 EP 315 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 397WP UT WOS:000262693300002 ER PT J AU Shwiff, SA Kirkpatrick, KN Sterner, RT AF Shwiff, Stelplianie A. Kirkpatrick, Katy N. Sterner, Ray T. TI Economic evaluation of an oral rabies vaccination program for control of a domestic dog-coyote rabies epizootic: 1995-2006 SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC VETERINARY-MEDICINE; UNITED-STATES; COSTS; PREVENTION; RACCOONS; HEALTH; SURVEILLANCE; BENEFITS; ONTARIO; IMPACT AB Objective-To conduct a benefit-cost analysis of the results of the domestic dog and coyote (DDC) oral rabies vaccine (ORV) program in Texas from 1995 through 2006 by use of fiscal records and relevant public health data. Design-Retrospective benefit-cost analysis. Procedures-Pertinent economic data were collected in 20 counties of south Texas affected by a DDC-variant rabies epizootic. The costs and benefits afforded by a DDC ORV program were then calculated. Costs were the total expenditures of the ORV program. Benefits were the savings associated with the number of potentially prevented human postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatments and animal rabies tests for the DDC-variant rabies virus in the epizootic area and an area of potential disease expansion. Results-Total estimated benefits of the program approximately ranged from $89 million to $346 million, with total program costs of $26,358,221 for the study period. The estimated savings (ie, damages avoided) from extrapolated numbers of PEP treatments and animal rabies tests yielded benefit-cost ratios that ranged from 3.38 to 13.12 for various frequencies of PEP and animal testing. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-In Texas, the use of ORV stopped the northward spread and led to the progressive elimination of the DDC variant of rabies in coyotes (Canis latrans). The decision to implement an ORV program was cost-efficient, although many unknowns were involved in the original decision, and key economic variables were identified for consideration in future planning of ORV programs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008;233:1736-1741) C1 [Shwiff, Stelplianie A.; Kirkpatrick, Katy N.; Sterner, Ray T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Shwiff, SA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. FU USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services FX Supported by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 11 BP 1736 EP 1741 DI 10.2460/javma.233.11.1736 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 376UY UT WOS:000261209700020 PM 19046031 ER PT J AU Doyle, W Paukert, C Starostka, A Hill, T AF Doyle, W. Paukert, C. Starostka, A. Hill, T. TI A comparison of four types of sampling gear used to collect shovelnose sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FISHES; HARVEST; DAKOTA AB We compared variability in catch per unit effort (CPUE) and size structure of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus collected in 2003 and 2004 with stationary winter gill nets, drifted trammel nets, hoop nets, and otter trawls in the Lower Missouri River, USA to determine the most precise types of gear to collect all sizes of sturgeon so that refinements of long-term monitoring protocols can be made. A total of 1947 net sets or trawls collected 8743 shovelnose sturgeon, with 67% of the fish collected during winter gill netting (16% of total samples). Mean coefficient of variation (CV) among all months for juvenile (age 3 and younger; < 250 mm fork length) sturgeon was highest for gill nets and lowest for otter trawls (P = 0.0008). Mean CV of subadult and adult shovelnose sturgeon (>= 250 mm) was highest in hoop nets compared to other gear types (P = 0.0002). All gear and mesh sizes collected the most common sizes of shovelnose sturgeon (500-600 mm), but only otter trawls and trammel nets collected fish < 150 mm. The higher precision of winter gill nets and summer otter trawls led to fewer samples needed to detect changes in CPUE as compared to hoop and trammel nets. Sampling only with types of gear that do not collect younger shovelnose sturgeon may hinder management decisions that rely on recruitment trends to determine the effects of management actions (e.g. channel modifications). C1 [Doyle, W.; Starostka, A.; Hill, T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia Natl Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Paukert, C.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Doyle, W (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia Natl Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 101 Pk Deville,Suite A, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM wyatt_doyle@fws.gov FU U. S. Army Corps of Engineers; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks; Kansas State University; U. S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX The field work for this study was funded by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank Darin Simpkins and Josh Schloesser for reviews of earlier drafts. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University, the U. S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 24 IS 6 BP 637 EP 642 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01113.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 365ZP UT WOS:000260449000001 ER PT J AU Batts, WN Falk, K Winton, JR AF Batts, William N. Falk, Knut Winton, James R. TI Genetic Analysis of Paramyxovirus Isolates from Pacific Salmon Reveals Two Independently Co-circulating Lineages SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; PROLIFERATIVE GILL INFLAMMATION; HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; REPTILIAN PARAMYXOVIRUSES; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; SALAR; ASPV; FER AB Viruses with the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the family Paramyxoviridae (paramyxoviruses) have been isolated front adult salmon returning to rivers along the Pacific coast of North America since 1982. These Pacific salmon paramyxoviruses (PSPV), which have mainly been isolated from Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, grow slowly in established fish cell lines and have not been associated with disease. Genetic analysis of a 505-base-pair region of the polymerase gene from 47 PSPV isolates produced 17 nucleotide sequence types that Could be grouped into two major sublineages, designated A and B. The two independently co-circulating sublineages differed by 12.1-13.9% at the nucleotide level but by only 1.2% at the amino acid level. Isolates of PSPV from adult Pacific salmon returning to rivers from Alaska to California over a 25-year period showed little evidence of geographic or temporal grouping. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these paramyxoviruses of Pacific salmon were most closely related to the Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (ASPV) from Norway, having a maximum nucleotide diversity of 26.1% and an amino acid diversity of 19.0%. When compared with homologous sequences of other paramyxoviruses, PSPV and ASPV were sufficiently distinct to suggest that they are not clearly members of any of the established genera in the family Paramyxoviridae. In the course of this study, a polymerase chain reaction assay was developed that can be used for confirmatory identification of PSPV. C1 [Batts, William N.; Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Falk, Knut] Natl Vet Inst, Sect Fish Hlth, N-0106 Oslo, Norway. RP Batts, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bbatts@usgs.gov RI Falk, Knut/D-2952-2012 OI Falk, Knut/0000-0002-9830-3493 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1577/H07-050.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 500QT UT WOS:000270319500005 PM 19306611 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK Murray, AL Elz, A Park, LK Marcquenski, SV Winton, JR Alcorn, SW Pascho, RJ Elliott, DG AF Purcell, Maureen K. Murray, Anthony L. Elz, Anna Park, Linda K. Marcquenski, Susan V. Winton, James R. Alcorn, Stewart W. Pascho, Ronald J. Elliott, Diane G. TI Decreased Mortality of Lake Michigan Chinook Salmon after Bacterial Kidney Disease Challenge: Evidence for Pathogen-Driven Selection? SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COHO SALMON; CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; GENETIC-VARIATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTION; STRAINS; KISUTCH; SEGREGATION AB In the late 1960s, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the Green River, Washington, were successfully introduced into Lake Michigan. During spring from 1988 to 1992, large fish die-off's affecting Chinook salmon Occurred in the take. Multiple ecological factors probably contributed to the severity of the fish kills, but the only disease agent found regularly was Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease. In this study, survival after challenge by R. salmoninarum was compared between two Chinook salmon stocks: a Lake Michigan stock from Wisconsin (WI) and the progenitor stock from the Green River. We found that the WI stock had significantly greater survival than the Green River stock. Next, the WI and Green River stocks were exposed to the marine Pathogen Listonella anguillarum (formerly Vibrio anguillarum), one of the causative agents of vibriosis; survival after this challenge was significantly poorer for the WI stock than for the Green River stock. A close genetic relationship between the Green River and WI stocks was confirmed by analyzing 13 microsatellite loci. These results collectively suggest that disease susceptibility of Lake Michigan Chinook salmon has diverged from that of the source population, possibly in response to pathogen-driven selection. C1 [Purcell, Maureen K.; Murray, Anthony L.; Winton, James R.; Pascho, Ronald J.; Elliott, Diane G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Elz, Anna; Park, Linda K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Marcquenski, Susan V.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Alcorn, Stewart W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [1999.51, 1999.52]; National Marine Fisheries Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Western Regional Aquaculture Consortium FX This study was funded by support from the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (projects 1999.51 and 1999.52), National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Geological Survey, and Western Regional Aquaculture Consortium. We acknowledge technical assistance from Lynn Applegate, Connie McKibben, Carla Conway, Dorothy Chase, David Kuligowski, hatchery personnel from Washington (Carson NFH and Soos Creek Hatchery) and hatchery personnel from Wisconsin (Strawberry Creek weir, Sturgeon Bay; Wild Rose Hatchery, Wild Rose; Root River weir, Racine; and Kettle Moraine Springs Hatchery, Adell). We also acknowledge the research consortium responsible for developing the coastwide Chinook salmon database, particularly Paul Moran. Finally, we acknowledge two anonymous reviewers, whose comments improved this manuscript. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1577/H08-028.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 500QT UT WOS:000270319500006 PM 19306612 ER PT J AU Suckling, DM Peck, RW Manning, LM Stringer, LD Cappadonna, J El-Sayed, AM AF Suckling, D. M. Peck, R. W. Manning, L. M. Stringer, L. D. Cappadonna, J. El-Sayed, A. M. TI Pheromone Disruption of Argentine Ant Trail Integrity SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Argentine ant; Trail pheromone; Disruption; Track angle; Trail integrity; Invasive species ID IRIDOMYRMEX-HUMILIS MAYR; EPIPHYAS-POSTVITTANA LEPIDOPTERA; LINEPITHEMA-HUMILE; SEX-PHEROMONES; GASTER EXTRACT; CITRUS TREES; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; COMPONENT; BAIT AB Disruption of Argentine ant trail following and reduced ability to forage (measured by bait location success) was achieved after presentation of an oversupply of trail pheromone, (Z)-9-hexadecenal. Experiments tested single pheromone point sources and dispersion of a formulation in small field plots. Ant walking behavior was recorded and digitized by using video tracking, before and after presentation of trail pheromone. Ants showed changes in three parameters within seconds of treatment: (1) Ants on trails normally showed a unimodal frequency distribution of walking track angles, but this pattern disappeared after presentation of the trail pheromone; (2) ants showed initial high trail integrity on a range of untreated substrates from painted walls to wooden or concrete floors, but this was significantly reduced following presentation of a point source of pheromone; (3) the number of ants in the pheromone-treated area increased over time, as recruitment apparently exceeded departures. To test trail disruption in small outdoor plots, the trail pheromone was formulated with carnuba wax-coated quartz laboratory sand (1 g quartz sand/0.2 g wax/1 mg pheromone). The pheromone formulation, with a half-life of 30 h, was applied by rotary spreader at four rates (0, 2.5, 7.5, and 25 mg pheromone/m2) to 1- and 4-m2 plots in Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. Ant counts at bait cards in treated plots were significantly reduced compared to controls on the day of treatment, and there was a significant reduction in ant foraging for 2 days. These results show that trail pheromone disruption of Argentine ants is possible, but a much more durable formulation is needed before nest-level impacts can be expected. C1 [Suckling, D. M.; Manning, L. M.; Stringer, L. D.; El-Sayed, A. M.] Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Lincoln, New Zealand. [Peck, R. W.; Cappadonna, J.] Univ Hawaii Hilo, PACRC, USGS Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. RP Suckling, DM (reprint author), Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, POB 51, Lincoln, New Zealand. EM msuckling@hortresearch.co.nz RI Suckling, David/F-7005-2010; OI Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348; Stringer, Lloyd/0000-0002-6345-0768 FU Foundation for Research Science and Technology [CO6X0601]; Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development; U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service; New Zealand Horticultural Science Advancement Trust FX This work was supported by the Foundation for Research Science and Technology ("Managing Invasive Hymenoptera" CO6X0601 and "Better Border Biosecurity", www.b3nz.org), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development ( Cooperative Research Programme: Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems), the U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service ("Park-Oriented Biological Support"), and a grant to DMS from the New Zealand Horticultural Science Advancement Trust. We thank M. Euaparadorn, B. Wright, and A. Parker for help in conducting field trials and Jeremy McNeil for editorial assistance. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1602 EP 1609 DI 10.1007/s10886-008-9566-4 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 379QL UT WOS:000261411200012 PM 19034574 ER PT J AU Bonfils, C Santer, BD Pierce, DW Hidalgo, HG Bala, G Das, T Barnett, TP Cayan, DR Doutriaux, C Wood, AW Mirin, A Nozawa, T AF Bonfils, Celine Santer, Benjamin D. Pierce, David W. Hidalgo, Hugo G. Bala, Govindasamy Das, Tapash Barnett, Tim P. Cayan, Daniel R. Doutriaux, Charles Wood, Andrew W. Mirin, Art Nozawa, Toru TI Detection and Attribution of Temperature Changes in the Mountainous Western United States SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; OCEAN VARIABILITY; TRENDS; MODEL; SURFACE; SNOWPACK; CALIFORNIA; IMPACTS; CCSM3 AB Large changes in the hydrology of the western United States have been observed since the mid-twentieth century. These include a reduction in the amount of precipitation arriving as snow, a decline in snowpack at low and midelevations, and a shift toward earlier arrival of both snowmelt and the centroid (center of mass) of streamflows. To project future water supply reliability, it is crucial to obtain a better understanding of the underlying cause or causes for these changes. A regional warming is often posited as the cause of these changes without formal testing of different competitive explanations for the warming. In this study, a rigorous detection and attribution analysis is performed to determine the causes of the late winter/early spring changes in hydrologically relevant temperature variables over mountain ranges of the western United States. Natural internal climate variability, as estimated from two long control climate model simulations, is insufficient to explain the rapid increase in daily minimum and maximum temperatures, the sharp decline in frost days, and the rise in degree-days above 0 degrees C (a simple proxy for temperature-driven snowmelt). These observed changes are also inconsistent with the model-predicted responses to variability in solar irradiance and volcanic activity. The observations are consistent with climate simulations that include the combined effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols. It is found that, for each temperature variable considered, an anthropogenic signal is identifiable in observational fields. The results are robust to uncertainties in model-estimated fingerprints and natural variability noise, to the choice of statistical down-scaling method, and to various processing options in the detection and attribution method. C1 [Bonfils, Celine] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Pierce, David W.; Hidalgo, Hugo G.; Das, Tapash; Barnett, Tim P.; Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Wood, Andrew W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nozawa, Toru] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Bonfils, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag, POB 808,Mail Stop L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bonfils2@llnl.gov RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Bonfils, Celine/H-2356-2012; Wood, Andrew/L-5133-2013; OI Bonfils, Celine/0000-0002-4674-5708; Wood, Andrew/0000-0002-6231-0085; Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Program of Climate Model Diagnoses and Intercomparison (PCMDI) [DOE-W-7405-ENG-48]; International Detection and Attribution Group (IDAG); U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX First, we thank our three anonymous reviewers for their thorough reading and their very helpful suggestions. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The MIROC data were generously supplied by National Institute for Environmental Studies Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. The PCM simulation had been made available by the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Observed daily maximum and minimum temperature were obtained from the University of Washington Land Surface Hydrology Research group (http://www.hydro.washington.edu), and the network stations used to generate this dataset were kindly provided by Alan Hamlet. Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) participants, GB and AM, as well as travel costs were supported by LLNL through LDRD grants. BS was supported by DOE-W-7405-ENG-48 to the Program of Climate Model Diagnoses and Intercomparison (PCMDI). Thanks are also due to Department of Energy, which supported TPB as part of the International Detection and Attribution Group (IDAG). CB was mainly supported by the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship awarded to Benjamin Santer in 2005 by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The California Energy Commission provided partial salary support for DP and HH at SIO. NR 63 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 23 BP 6404 EP 6424 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2397.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 384OM UT WOS:000261754100018 ER PT J AU Pierce, DW Barnett, TP Hidalgo, HG Das, T Bonfils, C Santer, BD Bala, G Dettinger, MD Cayan, DR Mirin, A Wood, AW Nozawa, T AF Pierce, David W. Barnett, Tim P. Hidalgo, Hugo G. Das, Tapash Bonfils, Celine Santer, Benjamin D. Bala, Govindasamy Dettinger, Michael D. Cayan, Daniel R. Mirin, Art Wood, Andrew W. Nozawa, Toru TI Attribution of Declining Western US Snowpack to Human Effects SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK; GREENHOUSE-GAS; WORLDS OCEANS; TRENDS; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION AB Observations show snowpack has declined across much of the western United States over the period 1950-99. This reduction has important social and economic implications, as water retained in the snowpack from winter storms forms an important part of the hydrological cycle and water supply in the region. A formal model-based detection and attribution (D-A) study of these reductions is performed. The detection variable is the ratio of 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) to water-year-to-date precipitation (P), chosen to reduce the effect of P variability on the results. Estimates of natural internal climate variability are obtained from 1600 years of two control simulations performed with fully coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models. Estimates of the SWE/P response to anthropogenic greenhouse gases, ozone, and some aerosols are taken from multiple-member ensembles of perturbation experiments run with two models. The D-A shows the observations and anthropogenically forced models have greater SWE/P reductions than can be explained by natural internal climate variability alone. Model-estimated effects of changes in solar and volcanic forcing likewise do not explain the SWE/P reductions. The mean model estimate is that about half of the SWE/P reductions observed in the west from 1950 to 1999 are the result of climate changes forced by anthropogenic greenhouse gases, ozone, and aerosols. C1 [Pierce, David W.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bonfils, Celine; Santer, Benjamin D.; Bala, Govindasamy; Mirin, Art] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.; Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Wood, Andrew W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nozawa, Toru] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Pierce, DW (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, Mail Stop 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dpierce@ucsd.edu RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Bonfils, Celine/H-2356-2012; Wood, Andrew/L-5133-2013; Bindoff, Nathaniel/C-8050-2011; OI Bonfils, Celine/0000-0002-4674-5708; Wood, Andrew/0000-0002-6231-0085; Bindoff, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519; Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742 NR 52 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 23 BP 6425 EP 6444 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2405.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 384OM UT WOS:000261754100019 ER PT J AU Cox, TJ Runkel, RL AF Cox, T. J. Runkel, R. L. TI Eulerian-Lagrangian Numerical Scheme for Simulating Advection, Dispersion, and Transient Storage in Streams and a Comparison of Numerical Methods SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; RIFFLE STREAM; MODEL; EFFICIENT; EQUATIONS; RIVERS; PERIPHYTON; NITRATE; ZONES AB Past applications of one-dimensional advection, dispersion, and transient storage zone models have almost exclusively relied on a central differencing, Eulerian numerical approximation to the nonconservative form of the fundamental equation. However, there are scenarios where this approach generates unacceptable error. A new numerical scheme for this type of modeling is presented here that is based on tracking Lagrangian control volumes across a fixed (Eulerian) grid. Numerical tests are used to provide a direct comparison of the new scheme versus nonconservative Eulerian numerical methods, in terms of both accuracy and mass conservation. Key characteristics of systems for which the Lagrangian scheme performs better than the Eulerian scheme include: nonuniform flow fields, steep gradient plume fronts, and pulse and steady point source loadings in advection-dominated systems. A new analytical derivation is presented that provides insight into the loss of mass conservation in the nonconservative Eulerian scheme. This derivation shows that loss of mass conservation in the vicinity of spatial flow changes is directly proportional to the lateral inflow rate and the change in stream concentration due to the inflow. While the nonconservative Eulerian scheme has clearly worked well for past published applications, it is important for users to be aware of the scheme's limitations. C1 [Cox, T. J.] CDM, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Runkel, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Cox, TJ (reprint author), CDM, 555 17th St,Suite 1100, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM coxtj@cdm.com FU National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Hamilton, New Zealand; New Zealand government Non-Specific Output Funding (NSOF); U. S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substance Hydrology Program FX The writers thank M. J. O'Sullivan, G. B. McBride, J. C. Rutherford, and A. Croucher for valuable discussion on these topics. K. Bencala and H. Jobsen provided helpful comments on this paper. The writers also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Development of the DOZER numerical scheme was supported by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Hamilton, New Zealand and a New Zealand government Non-Specific Output Funding (NSOF) grant. Support for the second author was provided by the U. S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substance Hydrology Program. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2008 VL 134 IS 12 BP 996 EP 1005 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2008)134:12(996) PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372ZB UT WOS:000260939700007 ER PT J AU Fondell, TF Grand, JB Miller, DA Anthony, RM AF Fondell, Thomas F. Grand, James B. Miller, David A. Anthony, R. Michael TI Predators of Dusky Canada Goose goslings and the effect of transmitters on gosling survival SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bald Eagles; Branta canadensis occidentalis; brood mixing; mortality factors; predators; transmitter effects ID BRANTA-CANADENSIS-OCCIDENTALIS; YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; RADIO-TRANSMITTERS; DUCKLING SURVIVAL; MALLARD DUCKLINGS; NEST SURVIVAL; GEESE; ALASKA; BROOD; REPRODUCTION AB The population of Dusky Canada Geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis) has been in long-term decline, likely due to reduced breeding productivity. To identify causes of mortality, we monitored goslings marked with radio transmitters on the western Copper River Delta, Alaska, from 1997 to 1999. Almost all gosling mortality (96%; 81 of 84) was due to predation, with mink (Mustela vison) and Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) the most important predators. Bald Eagles are also major nest predators and, thus, appear to play a key role in limiting the breeding productivity of Dusky Canada Geese. Daily survival rate for goslings to 28 d of age was lower (0.011; 95% CI 0.002-0.024) for those with transmitters than for those without, but did not differ for older goslings (29-45 d). Although finer resolution in the timing of the transmitter effect within the first 28 d was not possible, we found that, by limiting our sample to goslings that survived until after 2-3 d posthatching, support for a transmitter effect was much reduced. Younger, smaller birds are inherently more vulnerable than older birds to transmitter effects. In addition, the process of radio-marking may have delayed the departure of goslings from nests and increased their risk of mortality shortly after hatching. Although radio transmitters may often be the only practical means for determining causes of mortality for young waterfowl, we suggest caution in using transmitters because of their potential negative effects, particularly during the first few days after hatching. C1 [Fondell, Thomas F.; Grand, James B.; Anthony, R. Michael] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Miller, David A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fondell, TF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM tfondell@usgs.gov RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012 FU Region 7; Migratory Bird Management; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Chugach Ranger District; U.S. Forest Service; Alaska Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by Region 7, Migratory Bird Management, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Chugach Ranger District, U.S. Forest Service; and Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey. We thank the numerous technicians that assisted in locating nests, marking birds, and recovering transmitters, Gayle and Steve Ranney who piloted our telemetry flights, and D. Derksen, R. Leedy, R. Oates, and D. Logan who provided support and advice. The manuscript was substantially improved by the comments of D. Derksen, G. Ritchison, D. Rizzolo, D. Ward, and three anonymous reviewers. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 4 BP 399 EP 407 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00191.x PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 381IN UT WOS:000261529500007 ER PT J AU Coates, PS Connelly, JW Delehanty, DJ AF Coates, Peter S. Connelly, John W. Delehanty, David J. TI Predators of Greater Sage-Grouse nests identified by video monitoring SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American badger; camera; Centrocercus urophasianus; Common Raven; Greater Sage-Grouse; ground squirrel; nest predation; Nevada; video monitoring ID SURVIVAL; SAGEBRUSH; CAMERAS; MONTANA; REMAINS; EDGE AB Nest predation is the primary cause of nest failure for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), but the identity of their nest predators is often uncertain. Confirming the identity of these predators may be useful in enhancing management strategies designed to increase nest success. From 2002 to 2005, we monitored 87 Greater Sage-Grouse nests (camera, N = 55; no camera, N = 32) in northeastern Nevada and south-central Idaho and identified predators at 17 nests, with Common Ravens (Corvus corax) preying on eggs at 10 nests and American badgers (Taxidea taxis) at seven. Rodents were frequently observed at grouse nests, but did not prey on grouse eggs. Because sign left by ravens and badgers was often indistinguishable following nest predation, identifying nest predators based on egg removal, the presence of egg shells, or other sign was not possible. Most predation occurred when females were on nests. Active nest defense by grouse was rare and always unsuccessful. Continuous video monitoring of Sage-Grouse nests permitted unambiguous identification of nest predators. Additional monitoring studies could help improve our understanding of the causes of Sage-Grouse nest failure in the face of land-use changes in the Intermountain West. C1 [Coates, Peter S.; Delehanty, David J.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Connelly, John W.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Pocatello, ID 83204 USA. RP Coates, PS (reprint author), USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM pcoates@usgs.gov FU Jack H. Berryman Institute; Idaho National Engineering Laboratory/ Bechtel; Safari Club International; Carson Valley Chukar Club; Wildlife and Habitat Improvement of Nevada; Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife; Nevada Chukar Foundation FX Jack H. Berryman Institute and Idaho National Engineering Laboratory/ Bechtel provided funding for this research with grants to D.J. Delehanty at Idaho State University. Many thanks to the generous sportsman and conservation organizations that provided financial support including Safari Club International ( Idaho and Desert and Northern Nevada chapters), Carson Valley Chukar Club, Wildlife and Habitat Improvement of Nevada, Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife, and Nevada Chukar Foundation. We thank T. Peterson for statistical consulting, and C. Simms, R. Troy, J. Warwick, and N. Sparks for significant field contributions. We are grateful to personnel of the Nevada Department of Wildlife, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and U. S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management for assistance with data collection and logistical support. NR 36 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 4 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00189.x PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 381IN UT WOS:000261529500009 ER PT J AU Reiter, ME Andersen, DE AF Reiter, Matthew E. Andersen, David E. TI Comparison of the egg flotation and egg candling techniques for estimating incubation day of Canada Goose nests SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Branta canadensis; Canada Goose; egg candling; egg flotation; incubation day ID SUCCESS; AGE AB Both egg flotation and egg candling have been used to estimate incubation day (often termed nest age) in nesting birds, but little is known about the relative accuracy of these two techniques. We used both egg flotation and egg candling to estimate incubation day for Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) nesting near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, from 2000 to 2007. We modeled variation in the difference between estimates of incubation day using each technique as a function of true incubation day, as well as, variation in error rates with each technique as a function of the true incubation day. We also evaluated the effect of error in the estimated incubation day on estimates of daily survival rate (DSR) and nest success using simulations. The mean difference between concurrent estimates of incubation day based on egg flotation minus egg candling at the same nest was 0.85 +/- 0.06 (SE) days. The positive difference in favor of egg flotation and the magnitude of the difference in estimates of incubation day did not vary as a function of true incubation day. Overall, both egg flotation and egg candling overestimated incubation day early in incubation and underestimated incubation day later in incubation. The average difference between true hatch date and estimated hatch date did not differ from zero ( x = 0.35 +/- 0.25days) for egg flotation, but egg candling overestimated true hatch date by about 1 d (true - estimated; x= 0.94 +/- 0.25 days). Our simulations suggested that error associated with estimating the incubation day of nests and subsequently exposure days using either egg candling or egg flotation would have minimal effects on estimates of DSR and nest success. Although egg flotation was slightly less biased, both methods provided comparable and accurate estimates of incubation day and subsequent estimates of hatch date and nest success throughout the entire incubation period. C1 [Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Reiter, ME (reprint author), 219 Kearns Dr, Bodfish, CA 93205 USA. EM reit0127@umn.edu FU Mississippi Flyway Council Technical Section; Manitoba Conservation; MinnesotaDepartment of Natural Resources; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Missouri Department of Conservation; Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Canadian Wildlife Service; Parks Canada (particularly the staff of Wapusk National Park) FX We thank the Mississippi Flyway Council Technical Section, Manitoba Conservation, MinnesotaDepartment of Natural Resources, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Missouri Department of Conservation, Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Canadian Wildlife Service, and Parks Canada (particularly the staff of Wapusk National Park), for their support throughout this work; in particular, M. Gillespie, D. Rusch, G. Ball, S. Walter, and B. Nack. We thank the volunteers who assisted in collecting field data over many years at Nestor One. This manuscript was greatly improved by comments from T. Arnold, J. Lawrence, C. Henneman, and four anonymous reviewers. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by either the U. S. Geological Survey or the University of Minnesota. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 4 BP 429 EP 437 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00181.x PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 381IN UT WOS:000261529500010 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD AF Lafferty, K. D. TI Ecosystem consequences of fish parasites SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE estuary; fishing; indicators; parasites; pollution; trematodes ID PERCH PERCA-FLUVIATILIS; BIRD FINAL HOSTS; FOOD WEBS; ENVIRONMENTAL PARASITOLOGY; MARINE FISH; COMMUNITIES; TREMATODES; POLLUTION; BEHAVIOR; PREY AB In most aquatic ecosystems, fishes are hosts to parasites and, sometimes, these parasites can affect fish biology. Some of the most dramatic cases occur when fishes are intermediate hosts for larval parasites. For example, fishes in southern California estuaries are host to many parasites. The most common of these parasites, Euhaplorchis californiensis, infects the brain of the killifish Fundulus parvipinnis and alters its behaviour, making the fish 10-30 times more susceptible to predation by the birds that serve as its definitive host. Parasites like E. californiensis are embedded in food webs because they require trophic transmission. In the Carpinteria Salt Marsh estuarine food web, parasites dominate the links and comprise substantial amount of biomass. Adding parasites to food webs alters important network statistics such as connectance and nestedness. Furthermore, some free-living stages of parasites are food items for free-living species. For instance, fishes feed on trematode cercariae. Being embedded in food webs makes parasites sensitive to changes in the environment. In particular, fishing and environmental disturbance, by reducing fish populations, may reduce parasite populations. Indirect evidence suggests a decrease in parasites in commercially fished species over the past three decades. In addition, environmental degradation can affect fish parasites. For these reasons, parasites in fishes may serve as indicators of environmental impacts. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lafferty@lifesci.UCSB.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (PEEIR); NOAA Sea Grant; NSF-NIH [DEB-02,24565] FX Funds to do this work came from several sources, in particular, the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (PEEIR), NOAA Sea Grant and the National Science Foundation through the joint NSF-NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases Programme (DEB-02,24565). NR 50 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 11 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 73 IS 9 BP 2083 EP 2093 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02059.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 383PC UT WOS:000261684500001 ER PT J AU Hartman, KJ Margraf, FJ AF Hartman, K. J. Margraf, F. J. TI Common relationships among proximate composition components in fishes SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fat and water line; proximate composition; salmonid; spiny-rayed fishes ID BODY ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ENERGY DENSITY; LARGEMOUTH BASS; NONLETHAL; SALMON; PERCH; FAT AB Relationships between the various body proximate components and dry matter content were examined for five species of fishes, representing anadromous, marine and freshwater species: chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix and striped bass Morone saxatilis. The dry matter content or per cent dry mass of these fishes can be used to reliably predict the per cent composition of the other components. Therefore, with validation it is possible to estimate fat, protein and ash content of fishes from per cent dry mass information, reducing the need for costly and time-consuming laboratory proximate analysis. This approach coupled with new methods of non-lethal estimation of per cent dry mass, such as from bioelectrical impedance analysis, can provide non-destructive measurements of proximate composition of fishes. C1 [Hartman, K. J.] W Virginia Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Margraf, F. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Hartman, KJ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Program, 320 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM hartman@wvu.edu FU Bluefish-Striped Bass Dynamics Research Program; USDA Forest Service; U. S. Geological Survey; Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative; U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service FX The authors are grateful to M. K. Cox, J. Adams, C. Apadaca-O'Donnell and J. O'Brien for field and laboratory assistance, and A. Rosenberger and J. Niles for insightful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. Support for this project was provided by the Bluefish-Striped Bass Dynamics Research Program, the USDA Forest Service, U. S. Geological Survey, Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative and the U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 73 IS 10 BP 2352 EP 2360 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02083.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 385BB UT WOS:000261786800005 ER PT J AU Davis, N Paukert, C AF Davis, Nathan Paukert, Craig TI Impact of Gravel Bar Scalping on Neosho Madtom (Noturus placidus) Populations from the Lower Neosho River, Kansas SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIDWESTERN WARMWATER STREAM; HABITAT USE AB From 1996 to 2007 we sampled depositional point bars that were scalped for gravel harvesting and unharvested control sites in the Neosho River. Kansas to determine if scalping effected the abundance of the Neosho madtom (Noturus placidus) and other obligate benthic fishes. Mean relative abundance of the Neosho madtoms did not dill-er between scalped gravel scalped bars and control bars, but was greater in riffles and runs compared to deeper, low velocity point bars (P<0.001). Species diversity and richness of obligate benthic fishes tended to be similar between gravel scalped and control bars; however. some obligate benthic fishes [channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), freckled madtom (Noturus nocturnus), stonecat (Noturus flavus), orangethroat darter (Etheostoma spectabile), and suckermouth minnow (Phenocobius mirabilis)] were more likely to be present when the Neosho madtom was present (P<0.001). When combining additional data from other long-term monitoring from 1991 to 2007, Neosho madtom relative abundance in the Neosho River was positively related to mean annual flow (r=0.61, P=0.01). Scalping of gravel bars appeared to have less of an impact oil Neosho madtom and other benthic obligate fishes than annual flow. However, other geomorphic metrics such as bedload transport were not measured ill this study and, if affected by gravel scalping, may ultimately affect the fishes in the Neosho River. C1 [Paukert, Craig] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Davis, Nathan] Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Environm Serv Sect, Pratt, KS 67124 USA. RP Paukert, C (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cpaukert@ksu.edu FU Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks; Kansas State University; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank those who assisted in data collection particularly current and former KDWP employees Mark Shaw and Chris Mammoliti and members of the stream monitoring program; Kenny Edgecomb of the US Army Corps of Engineers and gravel harvesters Richard McAtee, Chauncey Shepard, Bill Spielbusch, Eldon Wright, and the Labette County road and bridge department. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University. the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 501 EP 511 DI 10.1080/02705060.2008.9664237 PG 11 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 367ZJ UT WOS:000260590800001 ER PT J AU McKenna, JE Barkley, JL Johnson, JH AF McKenna, James E. Barkley, Joyce L. Johnson, James H. TI Influence of Summer Water-Level Variability on St. Lawrence River-Wetland Fish Assemblages SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Water-level and associated variability are substantial influences on wetland and shallow aquatic communities. The Akwesasne Wetland Complex is in extensive St. Lawrence River system affected by water regulation. The responses of fish assemblages to short-term summer water-level variation were examined throughout this section of the St. Lawrence River and its tributaries. An influence of water-level variability was detected on abundance of three common species [bluntnose minnow (Pimephales notatus). rock bass (Amboplites rupestris), and white sucker (Catastomus commersonii)] and explained 30 - 44% of variation. This influence has implications for water regulation and natural resource management, and a larger scope evaluation may reveal more extensive effects. C1 [McKenna, James E.; Johnson, James H.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Barkley, Joyce L.] St Regis Mohawk Tribe, Environm Div, Akwesasne, NY 13655 USA. RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jemckenna@usgs.gov FU International Joint Commission [W81EU632242994A] FX This research was funded by the International Joint Commission, through the ACOE. agreement #: W81EU632242994A. Special thanks go to the field crew, especially S. Peters, S. Perez, and H. White. We are indebted to A. Debo, R. Butryn, D. McDonald, and K. Douglass for assistance with GIS issues. This is contribution 1483 of the US Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 513 EP 517 DI 10.1080/02705060.2008.9664238 PG 5 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 367ZJ UT WOS:000260590800002 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH McKenna, JE Nack, CC Chalupnicki, MA AF Johnson, James H. McKenna, James E., Jr. Nack, Christopher C. Chalupnicki, Marc A. TI Diel Diet Composition and Feeding Activity of Round Goby in the Nearshore Region of Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOBIES NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; ST CLAIR RIVER; MOTTLED SCULPIN; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; MICHIGAN; INVASION; PREDATION; COMMUNITY; OVERLAP; MUSSELS AB Expansion of the invasive round goby Apollonia melanostoma (=Neogobius melanostomus) throughout the Great Lakes drainage has created considerable concern among fisheries management agencies. These concerns have led to several studies on the biology and impact of the goby in the basin. However, little information exists on diel patterns in food consumption of the round goby. We examined the diets of 300 round gobies collected during crepuscular. diurnal. and nocturnal periods in Lake Ontario. There was little variation in the diel diet composition of the goby. its chironomid larvae were the major prey consumed during each period. Feeding, intensity of the round goby was significantly (P<0.05) greater at night than during crepuscular or diurnal periods. C1 [Johnson, James H.; McKenna, James E., Jr.; Nack, Christopher C.; Chalupnicki, Marc A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 607 EP 612 DI 10.1080/02705060.2008.9664248 PG 6 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 367ZJ UT WOS:000260590800012 ER PT J AU Paukert, C Schloesser, J Fischer, J Eitzmann, J Pitts, K Thornbrugh, D AF Paukert, Craig Schloesser, Joshua Fischer, Jesse Eitzmann, Jeff Pitts, Kristen Thornbrugh, Darren TI Effect of Instream Sand Dredging on Fish Communities in the Kansas River USA: Current and Historical Perspectives SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; STREAMS AB Relatively few studies have examined the ecological effects of instreams sand and gravel mining, which occurs in many streams and rivers worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluated fish community composition at sand dredged and unmodified (control) sites in the Kansas River, Kansas. Fish and habitat sampling were conducted at two control sites and one dredged site ill September 1979 and 1980. The same sites and one additional dredged site were sampled in September 2006. In 2006, dredged sites ere deeper and had slower current velocities than control sites. Similarity indices determined that fish community at control sites in 2006 were 80% similar to the same sites In 1979 mid 1980. despite 26 years between sampling. Dredged sites had more species composition, hilt one site still had large-river species (blue sticker. shovelnose sturgeon). which were sampled above the actual dredge in fast, shallow water Naive river fish species were similarly present ill 1979-1980 and 2006, but lentic and non-native fishes (e.g,. centrarchids), although still in low abundance, increased in 2006 particularly in dredged sites. These results suggest that sand dredging provided habitat that were suitable for lentic fishes. hut other anthropogenic effects (reservoir construction. urbanization) also likely contributed to fish assemblage changes ill the Kansas River C1 [Paukert, Craig] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Paukert, C (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cpaukert@ksu.edu FU Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks; Kansas State University; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX J. Marx provided dredging, data from the Kansas River. Scott Campbell also provided insight to some of,the historical samples used in this study. This study could not have been conducted without the efforts of Frank Cross and his students. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 623 EP 633 DI 10.1080/02705060.2008.9664250 PG 11 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 367ZJ UT WOS:000260590800014 ER PT J AU Honeyfield, DC Peters, AK Jones, ML AF Honeyfield, Dale C. Peters, Amber K. Jones, Michael L. TI Thiamine and Fatty Acid Content of Lake Michigan Chinook Salmon SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Early mortality syndrome; fatty acids; energy metabolism; nutrient deficiency; season ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; GREAT-LAKES; TROUT AB Nutritional status of Lake Michigan Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is inadequately documented. An investigation was conducted to determine muscle and liver thiamine content and whole body fatty acid composition in small, medium and large Chinook salmon. Muscle and liver thiamine concentrations were highest in small salmon, and tended to decrease with increasing fish size. Muscle thiamine was higher in fall than spring in large salmon. The high percentage of Chinook salmon (24-32% in fall and 58-71% in spring) with muscle thiamine concentration below 500 pmol/g, which has been associated with loss of equilibrium and death in other Great Lake salmonines, suggest that Chinook appear to rely less oil thiamine than other Great Lakes species for which such low concentrations would be associated with thiamine deficiency (Brown et al. 2005b). A positive correlation was observed between liver total thiamine and percent liver lipids (r = 0.53, P < 0.0001, n = 119). In medium and large salmon, liver lipids were observed to be low in fish with less than 4,000 pmol/g liver total thiamine. In individuals with greater than 4,000 pmol/g liver thiamine, liver lipid increased with thiamine concentration. Individual fatty acids declined between fall and spring. Essential omega-3 fatty acids appear to be conserved as lipid content declined. Arachidonic acid (C20:46), all essential omega-6 fatty acid was not different between fall and spring, although the sum of omega-6 (Sw6) fain, acids declined over winter. Elevated concentrations of saturated fatty acids (sun?) were observed in whole body tissue lipid. In summary, thiamine, a dietary essential vitamin, and individual fatty acids were found to vary in Lake Michigan Chinook salmon by fish size and season of the year. C1 [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Peters, Amber K.; Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Honeyfield, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM honeyfie@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 581 EP 589 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 397LJ UT WOS:000262663900002 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH AF Johnson, James H. TI Diet Composition and Feeding Periodicity of Wild and Hatchery Subyearling Chinook Salmon in Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; wild; hatchery; diets; feeding periodicity; Lake Ontario ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; RIVERINE POPULATION; GASTRIC EVACUATION; DAILY RATION; COHO SALMON; PREY; FOOD; SELECTION; MICHIGAN; FISHES AB Diel feeding periodicity, daily ration, and diet composition of wild and hatchery subyearling Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were examined in Lake Ontario and the Salmon River, New York. The diet of wild riverine salmon was composed mainly of aquatic invertebrates (63.4%), mostly ephemeropterans (25.8%), chiromomids (15.8%), and trichopterans (8.3%). The diet of riverine Chinook was more closely associated with the composition of drift samples rather than bottom samples, suggesting mid-water feeding. In Lake Ontario terrestrial invertebrates were more important in the diet of hatchery Chinook (49.0%) than wild salmon (30.5%) and diet overlap between hatchery and wild salmon was low (0.46%). The diet of both hatchery and wild Chinook salmon was more closely associated with the composition of mid-water invertebrate samples rather than benthic core samples, indicating mid-water and surface feeding. Hatchery Chinook salmon consumed significantly less food (P < 0.05) than wild Chinook salmon in the lake and in the river, and wild salmon from Lake Ontario consumed more food than wild salmon in the Salmon River. Peak feeding of wild Chinook salmon occurred between 1200-1600 hours in Lake Ontario and between 1600-2000 hours in the Salmon River; there was no discernable feeding peak for the hatchery Chinook in Lake Ontario. Hatchery Chinook salmon also had the least diverse diet over the 24-hour sample period. These results suggest that at 7 days post-stocking hatchery Chinook salmon had not yet fully adapted to their new environment. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 590 EP 598 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 397LJ UT WOS:000262663900003 ER PT J AU Lantry, BF O'Gorman, R Machut, LS AF Lantry, Brian F. O'Gorman, Robert Machut, Leonard S. TI Maternal Characteristics versus Egg Size and Energy Density: Do Stocked Lake in Lake Ontario Experience Premature Reproductive Senescence? SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake trout spawning and maturity; egg quality; Lake trout senescence ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; GREAT-LAKES; BATHYTHERMAL DISTRIBUTION; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; CONDITION INDEXES; LIFE-HISTORY; BROWN TROUT; SALMON; RECRUITMENT; STRAINS AB Observations from September 1994 and 1997 collections of hatchery-origin, mature female lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)from Lake Ontario indicated that egg mass decreased with age, fueling the notion that stocked fish experienced premature reproductive senescence. Supplemental collections during September 2002 and November 2002-2004 were combined with the 1994 and 1997 samples to examine whether sample date or maternal age, body mass, condition (K), egg count, or strain were related to egg mass or energy content (percentage dry mass [%DM]). Body mass was correlated with egg mass for age >= 8 lake trout sampled in September, and egg count was correlated with egg mass for September age-6 lake trout only. Within each month, egg mass was not related to K or egg %DM, however, egg %DM was 1,52% greater (P <= 0.0247) in November than in September which is equivalent to a 110 cal/g difference. Samples were grouped for the three most abundant strains (Seneca, Superior, and Ontario) after finding no strain or year effects from our 1994 and 1997 samples and based oil life history data from the literature and our assessment sampling. Further analysis indicated that September egg masses were greater for fish ages <= 6 than for fish ages >= 8. The age effect disappeared in November when mean egg mass across all ages (0.078 g) was greater than September means (P < 0.0005) for ages-5 (0.054 g), -6 (0.057 g) and >= 8 (0.041 g). Our results indicate that the decrease in egg mass with female age in September was not due to senescence, but to oogenesis being closer to completion in young age-5 and -6 fish than in older individuals. C1 [Lantry, Brian F.; O'Gorman, Robert] US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Machut, Leonard S.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Lantry, BF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. EM bflantry@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 661 EP 674 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 397LJ UT WOS:000262663900008 ER PT J AU Wilcox, DA Xie, YC AF Wilcox, Douglas A. Xie, Yichun TI Predicted Effects of Proposed New Regulation Plans on Sedge/Grass Meadows of Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake-level-regulation plans; Lake Ontario; meadow marsh; wetlands ID ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; NORTHERN PIKE; VEGETATION; WETLAND; MUSKELLUNGE; MINNESOTA AB Previously described models for predicting the percent of Lake Ontario wetlands that would be occupied by sedge/grass-dominated meadow marsh were used to test four proposed new plans for regulation of lake levels and to make comparisons with the current plan and unregulated conditions. The models for drowned river mouth, barrier beach, open embayment, and protected embayment wetlands assessed responses to lake levels that would be generated by each plan under net total supplies modified from those that occurred from 1900 to 2000. In years when reduced supplies would allow meadow marsh regeneration, simulated unregulated lake levels produced the most meadow marsh in all wetland geomorphic types; current Plan 1958DD produced the least. Overall predicted percent meadow marsh under the test plans decreased in the order B+, 2007, D+, and A+, and the latter three plans produced rather similar results in many cases. Lower percentages of meadow marsh under some plans were due to insufficient low lake levels that could allow soils to dry and restrict invasion by cattails, as well as lack of periodic high lake levels that could kill invading upland plants. An assessment of seasonal lake-level characteristics demonstrated that Plan 2007 would reduce mean winter lake levels by 13 cm or more than Plan B+ and springtime take levels by more than 10 cm. These seasonal differences could result in less winter habitat for muskrats and reduced access to spring spawning habitats for fish such as northern pike. Our model results provide important information for use in the process of selecting a new regulation plan for Lake Ontario. C1 [Wilcox, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Xie, Yichun] Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. RP Wilcox, DA (reprint author), SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Environm Sci & Biol, 350 New Campus Dr, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. EM dwilcox@brockport.edu FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. and Canadian governments FX This work was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as part of the International Joint Commission Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River Reference from the U.S. and Canadian governments. We thank David Fay, Tom Brown, John Farrell, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an early draft of this manuscript. Martha Carlson prepared the figures. This article is contribution 1491 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 745 EP 754 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 397LJ UT WOS:000262663900014 ER PT J AU McKenna, JE Davis, BM Fabrizio, MC Savino, JF Todd, TN Bur, M AF McKenna, James E., Jr. Davis, Bruce M. Fabrizio, Mary C. Savino, Jacqueline F. Todd, Thomas N. Bur, Michael TI Ichthyoplankton Assemblages of Coastal West-Central Lake Erie and Associated Habitat Characteristics SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Larval fish; freshwater fish; Great Lakes; community structure; lentic environment ID GREAT-LAKES; LARVAL FISHES; YELLOW PERCH; COMMUNITY; MICHIGAN; ONTARIO; PHYTOPLANKTON; SHORELINE; TRANSPORT; WETLANDS AB Early life stage survival often determines fish cohort strength and that survival is affected by habitat conditions. The structure and dynamics of ichthyoplankton assemblages can tell us much about biodiversity and fish population dynamics, but are poorly understood in nearshore areas of the Great Lakes, where most spawning and nursery habitats exist. Ichthyoplankton samples were collected with a neuston net in waters 2-13 m deep weekly or biweekly from mid-April through August, during 3 years (2000-2002) as part of a study of fish assemblages in west-central Lake Erie. A suite of abiotic variables was simultaneously measured to characterize habitat. Cluster and ordination analyses revealed several distinct ichthyoplankton assemblages that changed seasonally. A lake whilefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) dominated assemblage appeared first in April. In May, assemblages were dominated by several percid species. Summer assemblages were overwhelmingly dominated by emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides), with large gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) components. This seasonal trend in species assemblages was also associated with increasing temperature and water clarity. Water depth and drift processes may also play a role in structuring these assemblages. The most common and widely distributed assemblages were not associated with substratum type, which we characterized as either hard or soft. The timing of hatch and larval growth separated the major groups in time and may have adaptive significance for the members of each major assemblage. The quality and locations (with reference to lake circulation) of spawning and nursery grounds may determine larval success and affect year class strength. C1 [McKenna, James E., Jr.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Davis, Bruce M.; Savino, Jacqueline F.; Todd, Thomas N.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Fabrizio, Mary C.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Bur, Michael] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jemekenna@usgs.gov OI Fabrizio, Mary/0000-0002-6115-5490 NR 53 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 755 EP 769 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 397LJ UT WOS:000262663900015 ER PT J AU Albanese, G Vickery, PD Sievert, PR AF Albanese, Gene Vickery, Peter D. Sievert, Paul R. TI Microhabitat use by larvae and females of a rare barrens butterfly, frosted elfin (Callophrys irus) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE frosted elfin; Callophrys irus; Baptisia tinctoria; oviposition preferences; canopy cover ID LYCAEIDES-MELISSA-SAMUELIS; BATTUS-PHILENOR BUTTERFLIES; HOST-PLANT QUALITY; ANT ASSOCIATION; CARTEROCEPHALUS PALAEMON; HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; EUPHYDRYAS-EDITHA; CANOPY COVER AB The frosted elfin (Callophrys irus) is a localized and declining butterfly found in xeric open habitats maintained by disturbance. We described the effects of woody plant canopy cover, topography and host plant size and density on the quality of microhabitat of wild indigo (Baptisia tinctoria) host plants containing late instar frosted elfin larvae at four study sites in southeastern Massachusetts, United States. We also assessed whether females preferentially depositing eggs on host plants within specific microhabitats, therefore conferring greater survivorship to the larvae through the late-instar stage. We found that moderate amounts of canopy cover and large plant size characterized larvae-occupied host plants. In the absence of tree canopy cover, late instar larvae density remained low even when host plant density was high. However, females oviposited on wild indigo plants without regard to any of the vegetative or environmental variables we measured. These results indicate that canopy cover was an important characteristic of microhabitats containing late instar larvae, and late instar larvae occupancy was determined by suitable microhabitat conditions, and not female oviposition selection. Managing for canopy cover and microhabitat heterogeneity within relatively open habitats is recommended for the maintenance of frosted elfin populations. C1 [Albanese, Gene] Oklahoma State Univ, Fish & Wildlife Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Vickery, Peter D.] Ctr Ecol Res, Richmond, ME 04357 USA. [Sievert, Paul R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Albanese, G (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Fish & Wildlife Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 404 LSW, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM bobolink@suddenlink.net FU Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife; Massachusetts Environmental Trust; Massachusetts Audubon Society; Nature Conservancy; Trustees of Reservations FX K. McGarigal, M. W. Nelson, and E. M. Steinauer provided valuable reviews and their comments greatly improved this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge funding and support from the Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, The Massachusetts Environmental Trust, The Massachusetts Audubon Society, The Nature Conservancy and The Trustees of Reservations. We would also like to thank all the volunteers that contributed their efforts to this project. A special thanks to Stephanie and Skyesha Albanese, Richard Couse, Brad Compton, Mark Mello, Andrea Jones, and Tim Simmons whose help made this project possible. NR 70 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X EI 1572-9753 J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 12 IS 6 BP 603 EP 615 DI 10.1007/s10841-007-9097-2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 354WZ UT WOS:000259671900003 ER PT J AU Henny, CJ Anderson, DW Vera, AC Cartron, JLE AF Henny, Charles J. Anderson, Daniel W. Vera, Aradit Castellanos Cartron, Jean-Luc E. TI REGION-WIDE TRENDS OF NESTING OSPREYS IN NORTHWESTERN MEXICO: A THREE-DECADE PERSPECTIVE SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Osprey; Pandion haliaetus; abundance; distribution; nests; population status; population trends ID PRODUCTIVITY; CALIFORNIA AB We used a double-sampling technique (air plus ground survey) in 2006, with partial double coverage, to estimate the present Size of the Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) nesting population in northwestern Mexico (coastal Baja California, islands in the Gulf of California, and coastal Sonora and Sinaloa). With the exception of Natividad, Cedros, and San Benitos islands along the Pacific coast of Baja California (all three excluded from our coverage in 2006 due to fog), this survey was a repeat of previous surveys conducted by us with the same protocol in 1977 and 1992/1993, allowing for estimates of regional Population trends. The minimum population estimate for the area we surveyed in 2006 was 1343 nesting pairs, an 81% increase since 1977, but only a 3% increase since 1992/1993. The population Oil the Gulf Side of Baja California generally remained stable during the three surveys (255, 236, and 252 pairs, respectively). The population of the Midriff Islands (Gulf of California in the vicinity of 29 degrees N latitude) remained similar from 1992/1993 (308 pairs) to 2006 (289 pairs), but with notable Population changes on the largest. two islands (Guardian Angel: 45 to 105 pairs [133% increase]; Tiburon: 164 to 109 pairs [34% decrease]). The minimum estimated Osprey population on the Sonora mainland decreased in a manner similar to adjacent Isla Tiburon, i.e., by 26%, from from 214 pairs in 1993 to 158 pairs in 2006. In contrast, the population in coastal Sinaloa, which had increased by 150% between 1977 and 1993, grew again by 58% between 1993 and 2006, front 180 to 285 pairs. Our survey confirmed previously described patterns of rapid population changes at a local level, coupled with apparent shifts in spatial distribution. The large ground-nesting population that until recently nested on two islands in San Ignacio Lagoon (Pacific Ocean side, Baja California) was no longer present on the islands in 2006, but an equivalent number of pairs were found to the north and south of the lagoon, nesting in small towns and along adjoining overhead electric lines, with no overall change in population size for that general area (198 pairs in 1992; 199 in 2006). Use of artificial nesting structures was 4.3% in 1977 and 6.2% in 1992/1993, but jumped to 26.4% in 2006. Use of poles that support overhead electric lines poses a risk of electrocution to Ospreys and also causes power outages and fires. We recommend modification of these poles to safely accommodate Osprey nests, as has been successfully accomplished in many countries. C1 [Henny, Charles J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anderson, Daniel W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Vera, Aradit Castellanos] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. [Cartron, Jean-Luc E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Henny, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM charles_j_henny@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of California; Instituto Nacional de Ecologia; Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas FX We acknowledge the editors of the Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences who permitted the earlier papers in our series to be published with considerable detail. We thank Roberto Carmona and Tad Pfister who provided Osprey ground counts for selected sites. Jim Bredy safety piloted the aircraft, especially in areas where fueling stops were limited and planning was critical. The survey was partially, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the University of California, the Instituto Nacional de Ecologia, and Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas. Joaquin Rivera Rosas kindly drafted the map. Christine Custer provided useful continents oil all early draft of the manuscript. This scientific survey would not have been successfully completed without the approval of La Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores (Permit No. DAN04059) and the assistance of many wildlife biologists in Mexico. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 229 EP 242 DI 10.3356/JRR-08-05.1 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 390LE UT WOS:000262165000001 ER PT J AU Streby, HM Refsnider, JM Peterson, SM Andersen, DE AF Streby, Henry M. Refsnider, Jeanine M. Peterson, Sean M. Andersen, David E. TI BARRED OWL PREDATION ON HERMIT THRUSH AND OVENBIRD FLEDGLINGS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Barred Owl; Strix varia; Ovenbird; Seiurus aurocapilla; Hermit Thrush; Catharus guttatus; predation ID HABITAT; DIETS C1 [Streby, Henry M.; Refsnider, Jeanine M.; Peterson, Sean M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Streby, HM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 200 Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM streb006@umn.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S Forest Service FX These observations were made during it project funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through research work order No. 73 at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, with in-kind support from the U.S Forest Service. The authors thank Philip Blackburn for transmitter production, and Tara Eisenhauer, Jessica Hammers, and Kelly Iknayan for assistance in field data collection. We also thank Doug Tempel, Scott Loss, and three referees for constructive comments oil the manuscript. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 296 EP 298 DI 10.3356/JRR-08-10.1 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 390LE UT WOS:000262165000010 ER PT J AU Skoruppa, MK Lee, MC AF Skoruppa, Mary Kay Lee, M. Clare TI CRESTED CARACARAS FEED ON PECANS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Letter DE Crested Caracara; Caracara cheriway; diet; pecan; Texas C1 [Skoruppa, Mary Kay] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Lee, M. Clare] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Off, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Skoruppa, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM mary_kay_skoruppa@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 299 EP 300 DI 10.3356/JRR-08-30.1 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 390LE UT WOS:000262165000011 ER PT J AU Starliper, CE Neves, RJ Hanlon, S Whittington, P AF Starliper, Clifford E. Neves, Richard. J. Hanlon, Shane Whittington, Pamela TI A SURVEY OF THE INDIGENOUS MICROBIOTA (BACTERIA) IN THREE SPECIES OF MUSSELS FROM THE CLINCH AND HOLSTON RIVERS, VIRGINIA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; bacteria; microbiota; healthy; rivers; disease; prevention ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; FLORA AB Freshwater mussel conservation efforts by many federal and state agencies have increased in recent years. This has led to a greater number of stream surveys, in which mussel die-offs involving high numbers of dead and moribund animals are being observed and reported with greater frequency. Typically. die-offs have been incidentally observed whil research was being done for other purposes. therefore. accurate mortality data have been difficult to obtain. Specifically, seasonal die-offs were noted in localized areas of the Clinch and Holston Rivers. Virginia. and to lesser degrees, in neighboring rivers in this geographic region. including southeast Virginia. The observed mussel species affected were primarily the slabside pearlymussel (Lexingtonia dolabelloides) and to lesser extents. the pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa). rainbow mussel (Villosa iris). and the endangered shiny pigote (Fusconaia cor). To determine if a bacterial pathogen might be involved in these recurring mussel die-offs, this study examined characteristics of the indigenous microbiota (bacteria) from healthy mussels from sites on the Clinch and Holston Rivers where die-offs were previously observed. These baseline data will allow for recognition of bacterial pathogens in future mussel die-offs. Means for total bacteria from soft tissues ranged from 1.77 X 10(5) to 3.55 X 10(6) efu/g: whereas, the range in means from fluids was 2.92 X 10(4) to 8.60 X 10(5) efu/mL. A diverse microbiota were recovered, including species that are common in freshwater aqatic environments. The most common bacterial groups recovered were motile Aeromonas spp. and non-fermenting bacteria. Flaxobacterium colummare. a pathogen to cool- and warm-water fishes was recovered from one specimen. a Villosa iris from the Clinch River. C1 [Starliper, Clifford E.; Whittington, Pamela] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Neves, Richard. J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, USGS Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hanlon, Shane] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SW Virginia Field Off, Abingdon, VA 24210 USA. RP Starliper, CE (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cstarliper@usgs.gov FU Quick Response program of the United States Geological Survey; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Department of the Interior; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources FX This research was funded through the Quick Response program of the United States Geological Survey and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Department of the Interior. Janet Clayton and Craig Stihler of the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources provided guidance on mussel collection and importation permits. The authors tank Dr. Christine Densmore and Dr. Barnaby Watten for thheir insightful reviews. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1311 EP 1317 DI 10.2983/0730-8000-27.5.1311 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 383ZE UT WOS:000261712200031 ER PT J AU Fox, GA Thelin, GP Sabbagh, GJ Fuchs, JW Kelly, ID AF Fox, Garey A. Thelin, Gail P. Sabbagh, George J. Fuchs, John W. Kelly, Iain D. TI Tracking Non-Residential Pesticide Use in Urban Areas of California SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE geospatial analysis; risk assessment; watersheds; pesticides; geospatial data; golf course; nonagricultural pesticide; percent crop area; percent crop area estimation; recreational turf; use estimate ID UNITED-STATES; STREAMS AB Limited information exists on pesticide use for nonagricultural purposes, making it difficult to estimate pesticide loadings from nonagricultural sources to surface water and to conduct environmental risk assessments. A method was developed to estimate the amount of pesticide use on recreational turf grasses, specifically golf course turf grasses, for watersheds located throughout the conterminous United States (U.S.). The approach estimates pesticide use: (1) based on the area of recreational turf grasses (used as a surrogate for turf associated with golf courses) within the watershed, which was derived from maps of land cover, and (2) from data on the location and average treatable area of golf courses. The area of golf course turf grasses determined from these two methods was used to calculate the percentage of each watershed planted in golf course turf grass (percent crop area, or PCA). Turf-grass PCAs derived from the two methods were used with recommended application rates provided on pesticide labels to estimate total pesticide use on recreational turf within 1,606 watersheds associated with surface-water sources of drinking water. These pesticide use estimates made from label rates and PCAs were compared to use estimates from industry sales data on the amount of each pesticide sold for use within the watershed. The PCAs derived from the land-cover data had an average value of 0.4% of a watershed with minimum of 0.01% and a maximum of 9.8%, whereas the PCA values that are based on the number of golf courses in a watershed had an average of 0.3% of a watershed with a minimum of < 0.01% and a maximum of 14.2%. Both the land-cover method and the number of golf courses method produced similar PCA distributions, suggesting that either technique may be used to provide a PCA estimate for recreational turf. The average and maximum PCAs generally correlated to watershed size, with the highest PCAs estimated for small watersheds. Using watershed specific PCAs, combined with label rates, resulted in greater than two orders of magnitude over-estimation of the pesticide use compared to estimates from sales data. C1 [Fox, Garey A.; Fuchs, John W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Thelin, Gail P.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Sabbagh, George J.; Kelly, Iain D.] Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Sabbagh, George J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Stilwell, KS 66085 USA. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 120 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM garey.fox@okstate.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1363 EP 1372 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00229.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 378OO UT WOS:000261334000002 ER PT J AU Verdin, KL Worstell, B AF Verdin, Kristine L. Worstell, Bruce TI A Fully Distributed Implementation of Mean Annual StreamFlow Regional Regression Equations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mean annual streamflow; regression models; digital elevation models; geospatial analysis; web applications ID DELINEATION AB Estimates of mean annual streamflow are needed for a variety of hydrologic assessments. Away from gage locations, regional regression equations that are a function of upstream area, precipitation, and temperature are commonly used. Geographic information systems technology has facilitated their use for projects, but traditional approaches using the polygon overlay operator have been too inefficient for national scale applications. As an alternative, the Elevation Derivatives for National Applications (EDNA) database was used as a framework for a fully distributed implementation of mean annual streamflow regional regression equations. The raster "flow accumulation" operator was used to efficiently achieve spatially continuous parameterization of the equations for every 30 m grid cell of the conterminous United States (U.S.). Results were confirmed by comparing with measured flows at stations of the Hydro-Climatic Data Network, and their applications value demonstrated in the development of a national geospatial hydropower assessment. Interactive tools at the EDNA website make possible the fast and efficient query of mean annual streamflow for any location in the conterminous U.S., providing a valuable complement to other national initiatives (StreamStats and the National Hydrography Dataset Plus). C1 [Verdin, Kristine L.; Worstell, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM kverdin@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1537 EP 1547 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00258.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 378OO UT WOS:000261334000015 ER PT J AU Carlisle, DM Hawkins, CP AF Carlisle, D. M. Hawkins, C. P. TI Land use and the structure of western US stream invertebrate assemblages: predictive models and ecological traits SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE WSA; NAWQA; streams; rivers; biological assessment; indicators; predictive models; O/E; functional traits; tolerance values ID MACROINVERTEBRATE FAUNA; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; UNITED-STATES; ASSESSMENTS; ECOSYSTEMS; VALUES AB Inferences drawn from regional bioassessments could be strengthened by integrating data from different monitoring programs. We combined data from the US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program and the US Environmental Protection Agency Wadeable Streams Assessment (WSA) to expand the scope of an existing River InVertebrate Prediction and Classification System (RIVPACS)-type predictive model and to assess the biological condition of streams across the western US in a variety of landuse classes. We used model-derived estimates of taxon-specific probabilities of capture and observed taxon occurrences to identify taxa that were absent from sites where they were predicted to occur (decreasers) and taxa that were present at sites where they were not predicted to occur (increasers). Integration of 87 NAWQA reference sites increased the scope of the existing WSA predictive model to include larger streams and later season sampling. Biological condition at 336 NAWQA test sites was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with basin land use and tended to be lower in basins with intensive landuse modification (e.g., mixed, urban, and agricultural basins) than in basins with relatively undisturbed land use (e.g., forested basins). Of the 437 taxa observed among reference and test sites, 180 (41%) were increasers or decreasers. In general, decreasers had a different set of ecological traits (functional traits or tolerance values) than did increasers. We could predict whether a taxon was a decreaser or an increaser based on just a few traits, e.g., desiccation resistance, timing of larval development, habit, and thermal preference, but we were unable to predict the type of basin land use from trait states present in invertebrate assemblages. Refined characterization of traits might be required before bioassessment data call be used routinely to aid in the diagnoses of the causes of biological impairment. C1 [Carlisle, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hawkins, C. P.] Utah State Univ, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hawkins, C. P.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Carlisle, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dcarlisle@usgs.gov; chuck.hawkins@usu.edu RI Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008 OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248 FU US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) [R-82863701, R-83059401] FX We thank the many USGS personnel who diligently collected the data on which this analysis was based. Comments by Mitch Harris, Jason May, Bill Wilber, Donna Myers, Pamela Silver, Steve Paulsen, and 2 anonymous referees greatly improved the clarity of the manuscript. CPH was supported, in part, by US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grants R-82863701 and R-83059401. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 28 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 986 EP 999 DI 10.1899/07-176.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 373OW UT WOS:000260982600014 ER PT J AU Bowker, MA Jayne, B AF Bowker, Matthew A. Jayne, Belnap TI A simple classification of soil types as habitats of biological soil crusts on the Colorado Plateau, USA SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity conservation; Cryptogam; Ecological indicator; Ecosystem engineer; Land management; Microbiotic crust; Soil chemistry ID COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; NORTH-AMERICA; ARID-LANDS; LICHENS; AUSTRALIA; BRYOPHYTES; DESERT; UTAH; WOODLANDS; ABUNDANCE AB Question: Can a simple soil classification method, accessible to non-experts, be used to infer properties of the biological soil crust (BSC) communities such as species richness, evenness, and structure? Location: Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, an arid region of the Colorado Plateau, USA. Methods: Biological soil crusts are highly functional soil surface communities of mosses, lichens and cyanobacteria that are vulnerable to soil surface disturbances such as grazing. We sampled BSC communities at 114 relatively undisturbed sites. We developed an eight-tier BSC habitat classification based upon soil properties including texture, carbonate and gypsum content, and presence of shrinking-swelling clays. We used simple structural equation models to determine how well this classification system predicted the evenness, richness, and community structure of BSC relative to elevation and annual precipitation. Results: We found that our habitat classification system explained at least 3.5 x more variance in BSC richness (R(2) = 0.57), evenness (R(2) = 0.59), and community structure (R(2) = 0.34) than annual precipitation and elevation combined. Gypsiferous soils, non-calcareous sandy soils, and limestone-derived soils were all very high in both species richness and evenness. Additionally, we found that gypsiferous soils were the most biologically unique group, harboring eight strong to excellent indicator species. Conclusions: Community properties of BSCs are overwhelmingly influenced by edaphic factors. These factors can be summarized efficiently by land managers and laypeople using a simple soil habitat classification, which will facilitate incorporation of BSCs into assessment and monitoring protocols and help prioritize conservation or restoration efforts. C1 [Bowker, Matthew A.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Jayne, Belnap] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Bowker, MA (reprint author), Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, C Tulipan S-N, E-28933 Madrid, Spain. EM Matthew.Bowker@urjc.es; Jayne_Belnap@usgs.gov FU GSENM (US Bureau of Land Management) FX We thank GSENM (US Bureau of Land Management) for funding this research. Dr. N. Johnson, S. Reed, N. DeCrappeo, B. Chaudhary, A. Antoninka and M. Lau provided useful comments on early drafts. Dr. Jan Bakker and two anonymous reviewers helped us improve an early draft. We thank Drs. K. Sutcliffe and M. Miller for providing valuable consultation concerning the planning of this research. Dr. T. O'Dell, S. Stewart, H. Barber, P. Chapman, and members of the GSENM staff assisted with logistical support. Drs. J. Spence and T. Graham provided helicopter access to remote sites. L. Pfenninger, S. Bartlett, J. Brundage, K. Kurtz, C. Nelms, E. Kneller, W. Fertig, and L. Fertig provided indispensable field assistance. Drs. R. Rosentreter, L. Stark, and J. Spence provided consultation on difficult lichen and moss identifications. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP 831 EP 840 DI 10.3170/2008-8-18454 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 416JK UT WOS:000264001900010 ER PT J AU Kwiatkowski, MA Schuett, GW Repp, RA Nowak, EM Sullivan, BK AF Kwiatkowski, M. A. Schuett, G. W. Repp, R. A. Nowak, E. M. Sullivan, B. K. TI Does urbanization influence the spatial ecology of Gila monsters in the Sonoran Desert? SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heloderma; home range; movement behavior; reptile conservation ID HOME-RANGE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; GENE FLOW; CONSERVATION; COYOTES; CONSEQUENCES; POPULATIONS; BEHAVIOR; LIZARDS AB To assess whether urbanization influences the spatial ecology of a rare and protected venomous reptilian predator, the Gila monster Heloderma suspectum, we compared home range (HR) size and movement parameters at three sites varying in degree of urbanization in the Sonoran Desert. We predicted that the urban population of H. suspectum would exhibit smaller HRs, avoid human structures and show less movement. Multivariate analysis indicated that males generally exhibited larger HRs and had higher movement rates and activity levels than females at all three sites. Contrary to our predictions, however, HR size and movement parameters did not vary across the sites in relation to the level of urbanization. At the urban site, individuals often crossed narrow roads and regularly used artificial structures as refuges for extended periods. Furthermore, the population sex ratio at the urban site was female-biased, consistent with the expectation that occupation of larger HRs and higher movement rates results in higher mortality for males in urbanized areas. Gila monsters did not appear to alter certain aspects of their spatial ecology in response to low levels of human activity but additional work will be required to assess population viability and possible effects in the long term and with higher levels of urbanization. C1 [Kwiatkowski, M. A.] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Biol, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. [Kwiatkowski, M. A.; Schuett, G. W.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Schuett, G. W.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr Behav Neurosci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Repp, R. A.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Nowak, E. M.] No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Nowak, E. M.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Sullivan, B. K.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Integrated Nat Sci, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Kwiatkowski, MA (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Biol, POB 13003, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. EM kwiatkowm@sfasu.edu FU Arizona Game and Fish Department; National Park Service; USGS Southwest Biological Science Center; Arizona State University; Zoo Atlanta; Georgia State University FX The Arizona Game and Fish Department provided Scientific Collecting Permits and IACUC approval was obtained for all work reported herein. A Heritage Fund Grant from the Arizona Game and Fish Department provided support for work at the urbanized site. Tonto fieldwork was supported by the National Park Service and the USGS Southwest Biological Science Center. Leslie Gilmore, Matt Hamilton, Amyann Madara-Yagla, Bob Parker and Justin Schofer assisted with radio-tracking at Tonto, and additional assistance was received from National Park Service staff, especially Lee Baiza, Shirley Hoh and Patrick Madara-Yagla, and volunteers Tyson Baker, Ryan Choi, Jon Davis, Marty Feldner, Jeanne Schofer and Emily Taylor. Suizo fieldwork was partially funded by a Research Incentive Award and a Scholarly Research and Creative Activities Award (Arizona State University), Zoo Atlanta, Georgia State University, and private donations from Dr David L. Hardy, Sr, and additional assistance in the field by Hans-Werner Herrmann. The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this contribution is for the convenience of the reader and such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US government of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 276 IS 4 BP 350 EP 357 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00495.x PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 376TL UT WOS:000261205800005 ER PT J AU Macdonald, R Baginski, B Belkin, HE Dzierzanowski, P Jezak, L AF Macdonald, R. Baginski, B. Belkin, H. E. Dzierzanowski, P. Jezak, L. TI REE partitioning between apatite and melt in a peralkaline volcanic suite, Kenya Rift Valley SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE fluorapatite; trachytes; peralkaline rhyolites; magma mixing; britholite ID GRANITE PETROGENESIS; ELEMENT DIFFUSION; SILICIC MAGMAS; RHYOLITES; COMPLEX; MICROPROBE; CONSTRAINTS; MINERALS; SYSTEMS; PROBE AB Electron microprobe analyses are presented for fluorapatite phenocrysts from a benmoreite-peralkaline rhyolite volcanic Suite from the Kenya Rift Valley. The rocks have previously been well characterized petrographically and their crystallization conditions are reasonably well known. The REE contents in the M site increase towards the rhyolites, with a maximum britholite component of similar to 35 mol.%. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns are rather flat between La and Sm and then decrease towards Yb. Sodium and Fe occupy up to 1% and 4%, respectively, of the M site. The major coupled substitution is REE(3+) + Si(4+) <-> Ca(2+) + p(5+). The substitution REE(3+) + Na(+) <-> 2Ca(2+) has been of minor importance. The relatively large Fe contents were perhaps facilitated by the low f(O2) conditions of crystallization. Zoning is ubiquitous and resulted from both fractional crystallization and magma mixing. Apatites in some rhyolites are relatively Y-depleted, perhaps reflecting crystallization from melts which had precipitated zircon. Mineral/glass (melt) ratios for two rhyolites are unusually high, with maxima at Sm (762, 1123). C1 [Macdonald, R.; Baginski, B.; Dzierzanowski, P.; Jezak, L.] Univ Warsaw, IGMiP Fac Geol, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. [Macdonald, R.] Univ Lancaster, Ctr Environm, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Belkin, H. E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Macdonald, R (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, IGMiP Fac Geol, Zwirki & Wigury 93, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. EM r.macdonald@lancaster.ac.uk OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 FU University of Warsaw [BSt 1331/4/40] FX We gratefully acknowledge very helpful reviews by Daniele Chermak, Frank Dulong, Helen Folger and Peter Hill. For assistance with SEM work, we thank Marek Wrobel (SEM JSM-6380LA at the Scanning Electron Microscope and Microanalysis Laboratory, University of Warsaw). Financial support was provided through University of Warsaw grant BSt 1331/4/40. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC PI TWICKENHAM PA 12 BAYLIS MEWS, AMYAND PARK ROAD,, TWICKENHAM TW1 3HQ, MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND SN 0026-461X J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1147 EP 1161 DI 10.1180/minmag.2008.072.6.1147 PG 15 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 449CG UT WOS:000266307800001 ER PT J AU Hull, JM Strobel, BN Boal, CW Hull, AC Dykstra, CR Irish, AM Fish, AM Ernest, HB AF Hull, Joshua M. Strobel, Bradley N. Boal, Clint W. Hull, Angus C. Dykstra, Cheryl R. Irish, Amanda M. Fish, Allen M. Ernest, Holly B. TI Comparative phylogeography and population genetics within Buteo lineatus reveals evidence of distinct evolutionary lineages SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Red-shouldered Hawk; Buteo lineatus; Microsatellite; Mitochondria; Isolation; Historical demography ID RED-SHOULDERED HAWKS; HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; STATISTICAL TESTS; CONSERVATION; SWAINSONI; DIFFERENTIATION; ACCIPITRIDAE; DIVERGENCE; CALIFORNIA AB Traditional subspecies classifications may suggest phylogenetic relationships that are discordant with evolutionary history and mislead evolutionary inference. To more accurately describe evolutionary relationships and inform conservation efforts, we investigated the genetic relationships and demographic histories of Buteo lineatus subspecies in eastern and western North America using 21 nuclear microsatellite loci and 375-base pairs of mitochondrial control region sequence. Frequency based analyses of mitochondrial sequence data support significant population distinction between eastern (B. I. lineatus/alleni/texanus) and western (B. I. elegans) subspecies of B. lineatus. This distinction was further supported by frequency and Bayesian analyses of the microsatellite data. We found evidence of differing demographic histories between regions; among eastern sites, mitochondrial data suggested that rapid population expansion occurred following the end of the last glacial maximum, with B. L texanus population expansion preceding that of B. I. lineatus/alleni. No evidence of post-glacial population expansion was detected among western samples (B. I. elegans). Rather. microsatellite data suggest that the western population has experienced a recent bottleneck, presumably associated with extensive anthropogenic habitat loss during the 19th and 20th centuries. Our data indicate that eastern and western populations of B. lineatus are genetically distinct lineages, have experienced very different demographic histories, and suggest management as separate conservation units may be warranted. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hull, Joshua M.; Irish, Amanda M.; Ernest, Holly B.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife & Ecol Unit, Vet Genet Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Strobel, Bradley N.; Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Hull, Angus C.; Fish, Allen M.] Golden Gate Raptor Observ, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Dykstra, Cheryl R.] Raptor Environm, W Chester, OH 45069 USA. [Ernest, Holly B.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hull, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife & Ecol Unit, Vet Genet Lab, 258 CCAH,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jmhull@ucdavis.edu OI /0000-0002-0205-8818 FU Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy; Golden Gate National Recreation Area; Raptor Inc.; Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation; University of California Genetic Resources Conservation Program; UC Davis Graduate Group in Ecology; USGS Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at UC Davis FX We thank the Audubon Center for Birds of Prey, Carolina Raptor Center, Golden Gate Raptor Observatory volunteers, Last Chance Forever Bird of Prey Conservancy, Lindsay Wildlife Hospital, Raptor Rehabilitation of Kentucky Inc., UC Davis Raptor Center, UC Davis Veterinary Teaching Hospital, N Anderson, P Bloom, R DeLong, M Engelmann, W Farrier, D Flynt, J Karger, B Stedman, L Tell, E Wicker, J Hays, C Haralson-Strobel, M Simon, A Wegman and S Stone for assistance with sample collection and logistical support. Financial support was provided by the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Raptor Inc., the Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation, the University of California Genetic Resources Conservation Program, the UC Davis Graduate Group in Ecology, the USGS Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at UC Davis. We thank J Bissonette, M Jennings, M Stephens, R Tingay, an anonymous reviewer and R Tashian for valuable comments provided on an earlier version of this manuscript. Trade name products are mentioned to provide complete descriptions of methods: the author's and their institutions neither endorse these products nor intend to discriminate against products not mentioned. NR 72 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 49 IS 3 BP 988 EP 996 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.09.010 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 383BA UT WOS:000261647900024 PM 18848634 ER PT J AU Rose, BP Mesa, MG Barbin-Zydlewski, G AF Rose, Brien P. Mesa, Matthew G. Barbin-Zydlewski, Gayle TI Field-Based Evaluations of Horizontal Flat-Plate Fish Screens SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; WATER DIVERSION; SALMON AB Diversions from streams are often screened to prevent the loss of or injury to fish. Hydraulic criteria meant to protect fish that encounter screens have been developed, but primarily for screens that are vertical to the water flow rather than horizontal. For this reason, we measured selected hydraulic variables and released wild rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss over two types of horizontal flat-plate fish screens in the field. Our goal was to assess the efficacy of these screens under a variety of conditions in the field and provide information that could be used to develop criteria for safe fish passage. We evaluated three different inverted-weir screens over a range of strewn (0.24-1.77 m(3)/s) and diversion flows (0.10-0.31 m(3)/s). Approach velocities (AVs) ranged from 3 to 8 cm/s and sweeping velocities (SVs) from 69 to 143 cm/s. We also evaluated a simple backwatered screen over stream flows of 0.23-0.79 m(3)/s and diversion flows of 0.08-0.32 m(3)/s. The mean SVs for this screen ranged from 15 to 66 cm/s and the mean AVs from 1 to 5 cm/s. The survival rates of fish held for 24 h after passage over these screens exceeded 98%. Overall, the number of fish-screen contacts was low and the injuries related to passage were infrequent and consisted primarily of minor fin injuries. Our results indicate that screens of this type have great potential as safe and effective fish screens for small diversions. Care must be taken, however, to avoid operating conditions that produce shallow or no water over the screen surface, situations of high AVs and low SVs at backwatered screens, and situations producing a localized high AV with spiraling flow. C1 [Rose, Brien P.; Mesa, Matthew G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Barbin-Zydlewski, Gayle] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Mesa, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM mmesa@usgs.gov FU USGS FX This work could not have been completed without the help and support of numerous individuals and agencies. We thank Doug Young, Doug Dehart, Steve Duke, and Damien Miller of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for providing helpful advice, review, and administration of our study; Mike Lambert, Ray Hartlerode, Tim Walters, and Brett Hodgson of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife for technical assistance, equipment, and field help; Donna Stovall, Rick Roy, and the entire Malheur National Wildlife Refuge staff for their help in the field and useful suggestions; Russell Rodden and the Ochoco Irrigation District staff for providing us with access to field sites and assisting with data collection; and all of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) employees (particularly Darren Pecora), contractors, and volunteers who assisted with field work and contributed many helpful suggestions. This research was funded by the USGS Science Support Program. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1702 EP 1713 DI 10.1577/M07-073.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FS UT WOS:000268504700004 ER PT J AU Compton, RI Hubert, WA Rahel, FJ Quist, MC Bower, MR AF Compton, Robert I. Hubert, Wayne A. Rahel, Frank J. Quist, Michael C. Bower, Michael R. TI Influences of Fragmentation on Three Species of Native Warmwater Fishes in a Colorado River Basin Headwater Stream System, Wyoming SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER PIT; LARVAL FISHES; NEW-MEXICO; POPULATION; CATOSTOMIDAE; CONSERVATION; MOVEMENTS; TRIBUTARY; DRAINAGE; ARIZONA AB We investigated the effects of constructed instream structures on movements and demographics of bluehead suckers Catostomus discobolus, flannelmouth suckers C. latipinnis, and roundtail chub Gila robusta in the upstream portion of Muddy Creek, an isolated headwater stream system in the tipper Colorado River basin of Wyoming. Our objectives were to (1) evaluate upstream and downstream movements of these three native species past a small dam built to divert irrigation water from the stream and a barrier constructed to prevent upstream movements of nonnative salmonids and (2) describe population characteristics in stream segments created by these structures. Our results indicated that upstream and downstream movements of the three target fishes were common. Fish of all three species moved frequently downstream over both structures, displayed some upstream movements over the irrigation diversion dam, and did not move upstream over the fish barrier. Spawning migrations by some fish into an intermittent tributary, which was not separated from Muddy Creek by a barrier, were observed for all three species. Both the irrigation diversion dam and the fish barrier contributed to fragmentation of the native fish populations, and considerable differences in population features were observed among segments. The instream structures may eventually cause extirpation of some native species in one or more of the segments created by the structures. C1 [Compton, Robert I.; Hubert, Wayne A.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Rahel, Frank J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resourcc Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bower, Michael R.] Natl Pk Serv, Death Valley, CA 92328 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM whubert@uwyo.edu FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management; Wyoming Game and Fish Department FX We thank Ryan Beatty, Kirk Lang, Patrick Lionberger, Teditiond SoileaLl, and Nicholas Walrath for their assistance in the field; Kevin Bestgen and James Daniels for constructive criticism and guidance; and Amanda Berry and Linda Ohler for administrative support. Funding was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and Wyoming Game and Fish Department. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1733 EP 1743 DI 10.1577/M07-226.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FS UT WOS:000268504700007 ER PT J AU Stolarski, JT Hartman, KJ AF Stolarski, Jason T. Hartman, Kyle J. TI An Evaluation of the Precision of Fin Ray, Otolith, and Scale Age Determinations for Brook Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; GROWTH; VALIDITY; STREAM; BROWN; RANGE; LAKE AB The ages of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis are typically estimated using scales despite a lack of research documenting the effectiveness of this technique. The use of scales is often preferred because it is nonlethal and is believed to require less effort than alternative methods. To evaluate the relative effectiveness of different age estimation methodologies for brook trout, we measured the precision and processing times of scale, sagittal otolith, and pectoral fin ray age estimation techniques. Three independent readers, age bias plots, coefficients of variation (CV 100 x SD/mean), and percent agreement (PA) were used to measure within-reader, among-structure bias and within-structure, among-reader precision. Bias was generally minimal; however, the age estimates derived from scales tended to be lower than those derived from otoliths within older (age > 2) cohorts. Otolith, fin ray, and scale age estimates were within I year of each other for 95% of the comparisons. The measures of precision for scales (CV = 6.59; PA = 82.30) and otoliths (CV = 7.45: PA = 81.48) suggest higher agreement between these structures than with fin rays (CV = 11.30; PA = 65.84). The mean per-sample processing times were lower for scale (13.88 min) and otolith techniques (12.23 min) than for fin ray techniques (22.68 min). The comparable processing times of scales and otoliths contradict popular belief and are probably a result of the high proportion of regenerated scales within samples and the ability to infer age from whole (as opposed to sectioned) otoliths. This research suggests that while scales produce age estimates rivaling those of otoliths for younger (age < 3) cohorts, they may be biased within older cohorts and therefore should be used with caution. C1 [Stolarski, Jason T.; Hartman, Kyle J.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Stolarski, JT (reprint author), Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit USGS, 209 Irving 1 Bldg,POB 757020 UAF, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jasonstolarski@hotmail.com FU Mead-Westvaco; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources; U.S. Forest Service's Monongahela National Forest; Northeastern Experiment Station FX We thank Patrick Palumbo, Ken Sheehan, and Garrett Stains for field help and assisting with the age determinations. Funding for this study was provided by Mead-Westvaco, the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, and the U.S. Forest Service's Monongahela National Forest and Northeastern Experiment Station. The care and handling of all fish was in accordance with approved protocols of the West Virginia University Animal Care and Use Committee. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1790 EP 1795 DI 10.1577/M07-187.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FS UT WOS:000268504700013 ER PT J AU Peterson, DP Fausch, KD Watmough, J Cunjak, RA AF Peterson, Douglas P. Fausch, Kurt D. Watmough, James Cunjak, Richard A. TI When Eradication is not an Option: Modeling Strategies for Electrofishing Suppression of Nonnative Brook Trout to Foster Persistence of Sympatric Native Cutthroat Trout in Small Streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER FAUNAS; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION VIABILITY; NORTH-AMERICA; ELEVATION; ABUNDANCE; INVASION; HOMOGENIZATION AB Subspecies of inland cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii occupy a fraction of their historic ranges, and displacement by normative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis is among the greatest threats to existing populations in small, headwater streams. Electrofishing is often used to suppress brook trout and enhance cutthroat trout populations, but these efforts are labor intensive and costly. To help managers more effectively plan and implement brook trout control programs, we used survival estimates from a field experiment to construct matrix population models for both species and linked the models by making the vital rates of young cutthroat trout a function of brook trout density to represent the effect of invasion. We then explored the response Of Cutthroat trout populations (growth rate [lambda] and probability of persistence for 50 years) to brook trout suppression across various levels of electrofishing frequency, sampling intensity, capture efficiency, and brook trout immigration rate. Cutthroat trout (lambda = 1.10) and brook trout (lambda = 1.20) both had moderate to high values of lambda when biotic interactions were weak or absent, but the cutthroat trout lambda declined markedly (lambda = 0.61) when biotic interactions with brook trout were strong. Model results supported the hypothesis that rapid displacement of cutthroat trout is facilitated by the brook trout's inherent demographic advantage and biotic effects on young cutthroat trout. Where annual brook trout suppression was not possible, the temporal distribution of suppression events within a systematic control design strongly influenced the response of cutthroat trout. The absolute response and cost effectiveness of suppression efforts were influenced particularly by the brook trout immigration rate and also by removal efficiency. Multiple consecutive years of suppression (>= 3 years) benefited cutthroat trout, but to be effective such suppression should not be interrupted for more than two consecutive years once initiated. Eradication would be ideal, but the maintenance control of brook trout and the management of cutthroat trout in sympatry with brook trout will probably remain among the viable management options for the foreseeable future. C1 [Peterson, Douglas P.; Cunjak, Richard A.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada. [Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Watmough, James] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Math & Stat, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RP Peterson, DP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 585 Shepard Way, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM douglas.p.peterson@gmail.com RI Fausch, Kurt/A-8849-2010 FU Meighen-Molson Endowment; U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station [04-JV-11222014-175] FX We thank B. Lubow for helping focus our initial thoughts on modeling brook trout suppression. Helpful feedback on population modeling and tips for programming in MATLAB were provided by J.-S. Lauzon-Guay, A. Gangnery, and M. Barbeal.l. We are grateful to C. Cruse, P. Dollerty, F. Rahel, and all anonymous reviewer for providing reviews that improved the manuscript. Support for D.P.P. was provided by a Meighen-Molson Endowment to R.A.C. and a U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station grant to K.D.F. (04-JV-11222014-175). NR 79 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1847 EP 1867 DI 10.1577/M07-174.1 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FS UT WOS:000268504700020 ER PT J AU Jaeschke, A Lewan, MD Hopmans, EC Schouten, S Damste, JSS AF Jaeschke, Andrea Lewan, Michael D. Hopmans, Ellen C. Schouten, Stefan Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe TI Thermal stability of ladderane lipids as determined by hydrous pyrolysis SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; OXYGEN MINIMUM ZONE; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; ANAMMOX BACTERIA; NITROGEN LOSS; MATURATION; BIOMARKERS; MEMBRANE; SYSTEM; SEA AB Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has been recognized as a major process resulting in loss of fixed inorganic nitrogen in the marine environment. Ladderane lipids, membrane lipids unique to anammox bacteria, have been used as markers for the detection of anammox in marine settings. However, the fate of ladderane lipids after sediment burial and maturation is unknown. In this study, anammox bacterial cell material was artificially matured by hydrous pyrolysis at constant temperatures ranging from 120 to 365 degrees C for 72 h to study the stability of ladderane lipids during progressive dia- and catagenesis. HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that structural alterations of ladderane lipids already occurred at 120 degrees C. At temperatures >140 degrees C, ladderane lipids were absent and only more thermally stable products could be detected, i.e., ladderane derivatives in which some of the cyclobutane rings were opened. These diagenetic products of ladderane lipids were still detectable up to temperatures of 260 degrees C using GC-MS. Thus, ladderane lipids are unlikely to occur in ancient sediments and sedimentary rocks, but specific diagenetic products of ladderane lipids will likely be present in sediments and sedimentary rocks of relatively low maturity (i.e., C(31) hopane 22S/(22S+22R) ratio <0.2 or beta beta/(alpha beta + beta alpha + beta beta) ratio of >0.5). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, C1 [Jaeschke, Andrea; Hopmans, Ellen C.; Schouten, Stefan; Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Organ Biogeochem, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Lewan, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jaeschke, A (reprint author), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Organ Biogeochem, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. EM jaeschke@nioz.nl RI Sinninghe Damste, Jaap/F-6128-2011; Jaeschke, Andrea/B-8799-2017 OI Sinninghe Damste, Jaap/0000-0002-8683-1854; FU Research Council for Earth and Life Sciences (ALW); Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [853.00.032] FX We thank Wiebe Abma and Paques BV (Balk, the Netherlands) for kindly providing anammox cell material and Katinka T. van de Pas-Schoonen for FISH analysis. This study was supported by the Research Council for Earth and Life Sciences (ALW) with financial aid from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) to J.S.S.D. (Grant 853.00.032). We thank Ken Peters, Steve Harris, and Richard Keefer of the United States Geological Survey for helpful reviews of the original manuscript, and Dr. Angela Squier and one anonymous reviewer for useful comments. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1735 EP 1741 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.08.006 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 389BS UT WOS:000262065600010 ER PT J AU Stehman, SV Wickham, JD Wade, TG Smith, JH AF Stehman, Stephen V. Wickham, James D. Wade, Timothy G. Smith, Jonathan H. TI Designing a Multi-Objective, Multi-Support Accuracy Assessment of the 2001 National Land Cover Data (NLCD 2001) of the Conterminous United States SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION SAMPLE IMAGES; MAP ACCURACY; THEMATIC ACCURACY; CATEGORICAL MAPS; SATELLITE DATA; CLASSIFICATION; PROBABILITY; VALIDATION; LANDSCAPE; PRODUCTS AB The database design and diverse application of NLCD 2001 pose significant challenges for accuracy assessment because numerous objectives are of interest, including accuracy of land-cover. percent urban imperviousness, percent tree canopy, land-cover composition, and net change. A multi-support approach is needed because these objectives require spatial units of different sizes for reference data collection and analysis. Determining a sampling design that meets the full suite of desirable objectives for the NLCD 2001 accuracy assessment requires reconciling potentially conflicting design features that arise from targeting the different objectives. Multi-stage cluster sampling, provides the general structure to achieve a multi-support assessment. and the flexibility to target different objectives at different stops of the design. We describe the implementation of two-stage cluster sampling for the initial phase of the NLCD 2001 assessment, and identify gaps in existing knowledge where research is needed to allow full implementation of a multi-objective, multi-support assessment. C1 [Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY ESF, Dept Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Smith, Jonathan H.] 519 USGS Natl Ctr, Geog Anal & Monitoring Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Stehman, SV (reprint author), SUNY ESF, Dept Forestry, 320 Bray Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM svstehma@syr.edu NR 79 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 74 IS 12 BP 1561 EP 1571 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 381PY UT WOS:000261549600016 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Geist, EL AF Parsons, Tom Geist, Eric L. TI Tsunami Probability in the Caribbean Region SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Caribbean; hazard; earthquake ID SUBDUCTION ZONES; EARTHQUAKES; MAGNITUDE; DISPLACEMENT; MOTION; WIDTH AB We calculated tsunami runup probability (in excess of 0.5 m) at coastal sites throughout the Caribbean region. We applied a Poissonian probability model because of the variety of uncorrelated tsunami sources in the region. Coastlines were discretized into 20 km by 20 km cells, and the mean tsunami runup rate was determined for each cell. The remarkable similar to 500-year empirical record compiled by O'Loughlin and Lander (2003) was used to calculate an empirical tsunami probability map, the first of three constructed for this study. However, it is unclear whether the 500-year record is complete, so we conducted a seismic moment-balance exercise using a finite-element model of the Caribbean-North American plate boundaries and the earthquake catalog, and found that moment could be balanced if the seismic coupling coefficient is c = 0.32. Modeled moment release was therefore used to generate synthetic earthquake sequences to calculate 50 tsunami runup scenarios for 500-year periods. We made a second probability map from numerically-calculated runup rates in each cell. Differences between the first two probability maps based on empirical and numerical-modeled rates suggest that each captured different aspects of tsunami generation; the empirical model may be deficient in primary plate-boundary events, whereas numerical model rates lack backarc fault and landslide sources. We thus prepared a third probability map using Bayesian likelihood functions derived from the empirical and numerical rate models and their attendant uncertainty to weight a range of rates at each 20 km by 20 km coastal cell. Our best-estimate map gives a range of 30-year runup probability from 0-30% regionally. C1 [Parsons, Tom; Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 165 IS 11-12 BP 2089 EP 2116 DI 10.1007/s00024-008-0416-7 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 399WW UT WOS:000262831000007 ER PT J AU Hannon, JE Bohlke, JK Mroczkowski, SJ AF Hannon, Janet E. Boehlke, John Karl Mroczkowski, Stanley J. TI Effects of nitrate and water on the oxygen isotopic analysis of barium sulfate precipitated from water samples SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER; SULPHATES; SULFUR; STANDARDIZATION; DENITRIFICATION; CALIBRATION; COLLECTION; DELTA-N-15; DEPOSITS; DESERT AB BaSO(4) precipitated from mixed salt solutions by common techniques for SO(4)(2-) isotopic analysis may contain quantities of H(2)O and NO(3)(-) that introduce errors in 0 isotope measurements. Experiments with synthetic solutions indicate that delta(18)O values of CO produced by decomposition of precipitated BaSO(4) in a carbon reactor may be either too low or too high, depending on the relative concentrations of SO(4)(2-) and NO(3)(-) and the delta(18)O values of the H(2)O, NO(3)(-), and SO(4)(2-). Typical delta(18)O errors are of the order of 0.5 to 1 parts per thousand. in many sample types, and can be larger in samples containing atmospheric NO(3)(-), which can cause similar errors in delta(17)O and Delta(17)O. These errors can be reduced by (1) ion chromatographic separation of SO(4)(2-) from NO(3)(-), (2) increasing the salinity of the solutions before precipitating BaSO(4) to minimize incorporation of H(2)O, (3) heating BaSO(4) under vacuum to remove H(2)O, (4) preparing isotopic reference materials as aqueous samples to mimic the conditions of the samples, and (5) adjusting measured delta(18)O values based on amounts and isotopic compositions of coexisting H(2)O and NO(3)(-). These procedures are demonstrated for SO(4)(2-) isotopic reference materials, synthetic solutions with isotopically known reagents, atmospheric deposition from Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA, and sulfate salt deposits from the Atacama Desert, Chile, and Mojave Desert, California, USA. These results have implications for the calibration and use of 0 isotope data in studies of SO(4)(2-) sources and reaction mechanisms. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hannon, Janet E.; Boehlke, John Karl; Mroczkowski, Stanley J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Bohlke, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jkbohlke@usgs.gov FU National Research Program in Water Resources; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This study was supported by the National Research Program in Water Resources, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Assistance in the laboratory was provided by Tyler Coplen, Michael Doughten, and Haiping Qi (USGS). Assistance with atmospheric deposition sampling was provided by Shane Spitzer and Elizabeth Garcia (U.S. National Park Service). Gregory Wandless (USGS) shared results of BaSO4 heating experiments. Helpful advice and comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript were provided by Stanislaw Halas (Marie Curie-Skloclowska University, Lublin, Poland), Craig Johnson (USGS), James O'Neil (USGS, Emeritus), and three anonymous reviewers. Use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 24 BP 4109 EP 4120 DI 10.1002/rcm.3832 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 392HF UT WOS:000262293100018 PM 19021238 ER PT J AU Dickinson, B Seidler, GT Webb, ZW Bradley, JA Nagle, KP Heald, SM Gordon, RA Chou, IM AF Dickinson, B. Seidler, G. T. Webb, Z. W. Bradley, J. A. Nagle, K. P. Heald, S. M. Gordon, R. A. Chou, I. M. TI A short working distance multiple crystal x-ray spectrometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE dysprosium; manganese; manganese compounds; XANES; X-ray emission spectra; X-ray fluorescence analysis; X-ray spectrometers ID ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTORS; EMISSION; SPECTRA; ANALYZER; OPTICS; METAL AB For x-ray spot sizes of a few tens of microns or smaller, a millimeter-sized flat analyzer crystal placed similar to 1 cm from the sample will exhibit high energy resolution while subtending a collection solid angle comparable to that of a typical spherically bent crystal analyzer (SBCA) at much larger working distances. Based on this observation and a nonfocusing geometry for the analyzer optic, we have constructed and tested a short working distance (SWD) multicrystal x-ray spectrometer. This prototype instrument has a maximum effective collection solid angle of 0.14 sr, comparable to that of 17 SBCA at 1 m working distance. We find good agreement with prior work for measurements of the Mn K beta x-ray emission and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering for MnO, and also for measurements of the x-ray absorption near-edge structure for Dy metal using L alpha(2) partial-fluorescence yield detection. We discuss future applications at third- and fourth-generation light sources. For concentrated samples, the extremely large collection angle of SWD spectrometers will permit collection of high-resolution x-ray emission spectra with a single pulse of the Linac Coherent Light Source. The range of applications of SWD spectrometers and traditional multi-SBCA instruments has some overlap, but also is significantly complementary. C1 [Dickinson, B.; Seidler, G. T.; Webb, Z. W.; Bradley, J. A.; Nagle, K. P.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Heald, S. M.] Argonne Natl Labs, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gordon, R. A.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Chou, I. M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Seidler, GT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM seidler@phys.washington.edu RI Seidler, Gerald/I-6974-2012 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-1-0843]; L. X. Bosack and B. M. Kruger Charitable Foundation; U. S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Science, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U. S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank D. Crozier, D. Fritz, A. Macrander, B. Ravel, L. Sorensen, and E. Stern for useful discussions. This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research Grant No. N00014-05-1-0843 and the L. X. Bosack and B. M. Kruger Charitable Foundation. The operation of Sector 20 PNC-CAT/XOR is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Science, Office of Science (Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357) and grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 12 AR 123112 DI 10.1063/1.3048544 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 391HQ UT WOS:000262224800012 PM 19123550 ER PT J AU McCoy, E Berry, K AF McCoy, Earl D. Berry, Kristin TI Using an Ecological Ethics Framework to Make Decisions about the Relocation of Wildlife SO SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Conservation; Decision-making; Ecological ethics; Management; Moral dilemmas; Relocation ID TORTOISE GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; DESERT TORTOISES; CONSERVATION; TRANSLOCATION; STRATEGIES; MYCOPLASMA; MANAGEMENT; TOOL AB Relocation is an increasingly prominent conservation tool for a variety of wildlife, but the technique also is controversial, even among conservation practitioners. An organized framework for addressing the moral dilemmas often accompanying conservation actions such as relocation has been lacking. Ecological ethics may provide such a framework and appears to be an important step forward in aiding ecological researchers and biodiversity managers to make difficult moral choices. A specific application of this framework can make the reasoning process more transparent and give more emphasis to the strong sentiments about non-human organisms held by many potential users. Providing an example of the application of the framework may also increase the appeal of the reasoning process to ecological researchers and biodiversity managers. Relocation as a conservation action can be accompanied by a variety of moral dilemmas that reflect the interconnection of values, ethical positions, and conservation decisions. A model that is designed to address moral dilemmas arising from relocation of humans provides/demonstrates/illustrates a possible way to apply the ecological ethics framework and to involve practicing conservationists in the overall decision-making process. C1 [McCoy, Earl D.] Univ S Florida, Div Integrat Biol, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Berry, Kristin] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA. RP McCoy, E (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Div Integrat Biol, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM mccoy@cas.usf.edu; kristin_berry@usgs.gov NR 100 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1353-3452 J9 SCI ENG ETHICS JI Sci. Eng. Ethics PD DEC PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 505 EP 521 DI 10.1007/s11948-008-9091-4 PG 17 WC Ethics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Philosophy GA 378SR UT WOS:000261344700004 PM 18937055 ER PT J AU Wallace, CSA Thomas, KA AF Wallace, Cynthia S. A. Thomas, Kathryn A. TI An Annual Plant Growth Proxy in the Mojave Desert Using MODIS-EVI Data SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE Annual vegetation; MODIS EVI; Mojave Desert ID SATELLITE SENSOR DATA; TIME-SERIES; NDVI DATA; REGRESSION; BIOMASS; STRATEGY; INDEXES; COVER AB In the arid Mojave Desert, the phenological response of vegetation is largely dependent upon the timing and amount of rainfall, and maps of annual plant cover at any one point in time can vary widely. Our study developed relative annual plant growth models as proxies for annual plant cover using metrics that captured phenological variability in Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) satellite images. We used landscape phenologies revealed in MODIS data together with ecological knowledge of annual plant seasonality to develop a suite of metrics to describe annual growth on a yearly basis. Each of these metrics was applied to temporally-composited MODIS-EVI images to develop a relative model of annual growth. Each model was evaluated by testing how well it predicted field estimates of annual cover collected during 2003 and 2005 at the Mojave National Preserve. The best performing metric was the spring difference metric, which compared the average of three spring MODIS-EVI composites of a given year to that of 2002, a year of record drought. The spring difference metric showed correlations with annual plant cover of R(2) = 0.61 for 2005 and R(2) = 0.47 for 2003. Although the correlation is moderate, we consider it supportive given the characteristics of the field data, which were collected for a different study in a localized area and are not ideal for calibration to MODIS pixels. A proxy for annual growth potential was developed from the spring difference metric of 2005 for use as an environmental data layer in desert tortoise habitat modeling. The application of the spring difference metric to other imagery years presents potential for other applications such as fuels, invasive species, and dust-emission monitoring in the Mojave Desert. C1 [Wallace, Cynthia S. A.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Thomas, Kathryn A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Wallace, CSA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM cwallace@usgs.gov; Kathryn_A_Thomas@usgs.gov FU U. S. Geological Survey's Recoverability and Vulnerability of Desert Ecosystems; Global Climate Change; D.O.I. Science on the Landscape FX The authors received funding for this project from the U. S. Geological Survey's Recoverability and Vulnerability of Desert Ecosystems, Global Climate Change, and D.O.I. Science on the Landscape programs. Robert H. Webb, Laura Norman, and Susan Benjamin provided thoughtful perspectives. We also thank field botanists Robert Hunt, Mimi Murov, and Keith Pohs for data collection in 2003 and 2005. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for valuable critical feedback. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 20 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 7792 EP 7808 DI 10.3390/s8127792 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 387JJ UT WOS:000261948200014 PM 27873958 ER PT J AU Platonov, A Thenkabail, PS Biradar, CM Cai, XL Gumma, M Dheeravath, V Cohen, Y Alchanatis, V Goldshlager, N Ben-Dor, E Vithanage, J Manthrithilake, H Kendjabaev, S Isaev, S AF Platonov, Alexander Thenkabail, Prasad S. Biradar, Chandrashekhar M. Cai, Xueliang Gumma, Muralikrishna Dheeravath, Venkateswarlu Cohen, Yafit Alchanatis, Victor Goldshlager, Naftali Ben-Dor, Eyal Vithanage, Jagath Manthrithilake, Herath Kendjabaev, Shavkat Isaev, Sabirjan TI Water Productivity Mapping (WPM) Using Landsat ETM plus Data for the Irrigated Croplands of the Syrdarya River Basin in Central Asia SO SENSORS LA English DT Review DE Water productivity mapping; remote sensing; water use; crop productivity; crop yield modeling; simplified surface energy balance model; Central Asia; Syrdarya river basin ID VEGETATION INDEXES; HARVEST INDEX; WHEAT YIELD; CROP; RICE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MODEL; SCALE; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT AB The overarching goal of this paper was to espouse methods and protocols for water productivity mapping (WPM) using high spatial resolution Landsat remote sensing data. In a world where land and water for agriculture are becoming increasingly scarce, growing "more crop per drop" (increasing water productivity) becomes crucial for food security of future generations. The study used time-series Landsat ETM+ data to produce WPMs of irrigated crops, with emphasis on cotton in the Galaba study area in the Syrdarya river basin of Central Asia. The WPM methods and protocols using remote sensing data consisted of: (1) crop productivity (ton/ha) maps (CPMs) involving crop type classification, crop yield and biophysical modeling, and extrapolating yield models to larger areas using remotely sensed data; (2) crop water use (m(3)/ha) maps (WUMs) (or actual seasonal evapotranspiration or actual ET) developed through Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model; and (3) water productivity (kg/m(3)) maps (WPMs) produced by dividing raster layers of CPMs by WUMs. The SSEB model calculated WUMs (actual ET) by multiplying the ET fraction by reference ET. The ET fraction was determined using Landsat thermal imagery by selecting the "hot" pixels (zero ET) and "cold" pixels (maximum ET). The grass reference ET was calculated by FAO Penman-Monteith method using meteorological data. The WPMs for the Galaba study area demonstrated a wide variations (0-0.54 kg/m(3)) in water productivity of cotton fields with overwhelming proportion (87%) of the area having WP less than 0.30 kg/m(3), 11% of the area having WP in range of 0.30-0.36 kg/m(3), and only 2% of the area with WP greater than 0.36 kg/m(3). These results clearly imply that there are opportunities for significant WP increases in overwhelming proportion of the existing croplands. The areas of low WP are spatially pin-pointed and can be used as focus for WP improvements through better land and water management practices. C1 [Platonov, Alexander; Cai, Xueliang; Gumma, Muralikrishna; Vithanage, Jagath; Manthrithilake, Herath] IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Biradar, Chandrashekhar M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Dheeravath, Venkateswarlu] United Nations Joint Logist Ctr, Juba, Sudan. [Cohen, Yafit; Alchanatis, Victor] Agr Res Org, Inst Agr Engn, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Goldshlager, Naftali] Univ Soil Sci, ARO, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Ben-Dor, Eyal] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geog, IL-69989 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Kendjabaev, Shavkat] Cent Asian Sci Res Inst Irrigat, Tashkent 700187, Uzbekistan. [Isaev, Sabirjan] Sci Res Inst Growing Cotton, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [Platonov, Alexander] IWMI, Tashkent 700000, Uzbekistan. RP Platonov, A (reprint author), IWMI, 127 Sunil Mawatha, Colombo, Sri Lanka. EM a.platonov@cgiar.org FU European Union; IWMI FX The authors would like to thank Professor Frank Rijsberman, former director general of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) for initiating this project and for encouragement. The funding for the proposal came from the European Union and IWMI core funds and is gratefully acknowledged. The paper is not internally reviewed by U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). Thereby, the views expressed in the paper are not endorsed by USGS. NR 66 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 19 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 8156 EP 8180 DI 10.3390/s8128156 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 387JJ UT WOS:000261948200037 PM 27873981 ER PT J AU Heaton, JS Cablk, ME Nussear, KE Esque, TC Medica, PA Sagebiel, JC Fracis, SS AF Heaton, Jill S. Cablk, Mark E. Nussear, Kenneth E. Esque, Todd C. Medica, Philip A. Sagebiel, John C. Fracis, S. Steve TI COMPARISON OF EFFECTS OF HUMANS VERSUS WILDLIFE-DETECTOR DOGS SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TORTOISE GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; CENTRAL MOJAVE DESERT; CANIS-FAMILIARIS; SCENT-MARKING; FERAL DOGS; COYOTE; PREDATION; LATRANS; RESPONSES AB The use of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) trained to locate wildlife under natural conditions may increase the risk of attracting potential predators or alter behavior of target species. These potentially negative effects become even more problematic when dealing with threatened or endangered species, such as the Mojave Desert tortoise (Copherus agassizii). We addressed three concerns regarding use of dogs trained to locate desert tortoises in the wild. First, we looked at the potential for dogs to attract native and non-native predators to sites at a greater rate than with human visitation alone by comparing presence of predator sign before and after visitation by dogs and by humans. We found no significant difference in predator sign based upon type of surveyor. Second, we looked at the difference in risk of predation to desert tortoises that were located in the wild by humans versus humans with wildlife-detector dogs. Over a 5-week period, during which tortoises were extensively monitored and a subsequent period of 1 year during which tortoises were monitored monthly, there was no predation on, nor sign of predator-inflicted trauma to tortoises initially encountered either by humans or wildlife-detector dogs. Third, we looked at movement patterns of tortoises after encounter by either humans or wildlife-detector dogs. Movement of desert tortoises was not significantly different after being found by a human versus being found by a wildlife-detector dog. Based upon these initial results we conclude that use of trained wildlife-detector dogs to survey for desert tortoises in the wild does not appear to increase attraction of predators, increase risk of predation, or alter movement patterns of desert tortoises more than surveys conducted by humans alone. C1 [Heaton, Jill S.; Fracis, S. Steve] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Cablk, Mark E.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Nussear, Kenneth E.; Esque, Todd C.; Medica, Philip A.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Heaton, JS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Mailstop 154, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM jheaton@unr.edu FU Headquarters; United States Marine Corps and Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center; United States Army National Training Center at Fort Irwin; United States Army Research Lab Army; Research Office.; United States Fish and Wildlife [TE073506, TE102235]; California Department, of Fish and Game [MOU 801179-0 SC 002235]; University of Nevada, Reno [A03/04-34]; U.S. Army Research Office [ARO-FY05-0007, ARO-FY05-0008] FX This research was funded in part by Headquarters, United States Marine Corps and Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center, the United States Army National Training Center at Fort Irwin, and administered by the United States Army Research Lab Army, Research Office. We thank R. Evans of the Marine Corps and Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center, M. Quillinan and N. Lynn of the National Training Center and R. Harmon of the Army Research Office for access, administration, and coordination. The following individuals assisted with attachment of transmitters to, surveys of', and tracking of desert. tortoises at the National Training Center: E. Barks, C. Beebe, S. Brito, L. Hanson, W.Johnson, H. Kaplan, T. Kipke, S. Kokos, and M. Snow of the University of Nevada, Reno; K. Cunningham, K. Dennis, M. Ordenana, and M. Walden of' the Student. Conservation Association;; and K. Drake, T. Draper, M. Garnett, R. Kipp, and B. Waitman of the United States Geological Survey. This work would not have been possible without. the expertise of our dog trainer C. Valentin Of Applegate School for Dogs and the following clog handlers: B. Brown-Cali, K. Corum, A. Hurt, K, Riggs, C. Salisbury, and M. Thacker. We are grateful to J. Yee, E. Boydston, K. Phillips, and several anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on early versions of this paper. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not. imply endorsement of the United States Government. This research was conducted under United States Fish and Wildlife (TE073506 and TE102235) and California Department, of Fish and Game (MOU 801179-0 SC 002235) research permits, and University of Nevada, Reno (A03/04-34) and U.S. Army Research Office (ARO-FY05-0007 and ARO-FY05-0008) Animal Care and Use Protocols. We obtained permission from United States Bureau of Land Management and United States Department of Defense to conduct activities related to this research on their lands. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 12 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 53 IS 4 BP 472 EP 479 DI 10.1894/PAS-03.1 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 384NS UT WOS:000261752100007 ER PT J AU Bestgen, KR Zelasko, KA Compton, RL Chart, TE AF Bestgen, Kevin R. Zelasko, Koreen A. Compton, Robert L. Chart, Tom E. TI SURVIVAL, CONDITION, HABITAT USE, AND PREDATION ON STOCKED BONYTAILS (GILA ELEGANS) IN THE GREEN RIVER, COLORADO AND UTAH SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY; BASIN; CHUB; PIKEMINNOW AB The endangered bonytail Gila elegans, a large-bodied, main-stem cyprinid endemic to the Colorado River Basin of the American Southwest, was once widespread and abundant in warm-water-stream reaches. Negative effects of altered flow and temperature regimes downstream of dams, other habitat changes, and establishment of nonnative fishes have reduced populations of native fish throughout the basin, and wild bonytails may be extirpated. Hatchery reared bonytails are stocked in formerly occupied habitat to rebuild depleted populations, but their ecology is poorly understood. In 2002-2007, sampling in the middle Green River from upstream and downstream of stocking locations in Dinosaur National Monument documented survival of bonytails for <= 4 months, but apparently none survived longer. Many fish at large <= 4 months had Lernea or fungal infections, weighted an average of 20% less than fish when released, and had relatively low rates of growth. Post-stocking rates of dispersal downstream (ca. 1 river km/day) were considerable, and potentially, biologically significant. Bonytails occupied pools, eddies, runs, backwaters, and riffles, and co-occured in eddies with the roundtail chub gila robusta and humpback chub Gila cypha in Whirlpool Canyon. We also documented two instances of predation by smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu on bonytails <= 225mm in total length. Reduced predation by large-bodied, nonnative piscivores and increased resistance to disease and other stressors that reduce body condition my increase survival of stocked bonytails in this portion of the Green River. Alternative stocking strategies, including use of alluvial and floodplain areas, and effects of size on survival, are being evaluated. C1 [Bestgen, Kevin R.; Zelasko, Koreen A.; Compton, Robert L.] Colorado State Univ, Larval Fish Lab, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chart, Tom E.] Upper Colorado River Basin Recovery Program, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80001 USA. RP Bestgen, KR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Larval Fish Lab, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kbestgen@colostate.edu FU Endangered Fish Species in the Upper Colorado River Basin; United States Bureau of Reclamation FX This Study was funded by the Recovery Implementation Program For Endangered Fish Species in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The Recovery Program is a joint effort of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Bureau of Reclamation, Western Area Power Administration, states of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming, Upper Basin water users, environmental organizations, and the Colorado River Energy Distributors Association. Funding for this research was administered by the United States Bureau of Reclamation under cooperative agreements with Colorado State University and the Larval Fish Laboratory. Administration was facilitated by L Crist, T. Chart, D. Speas. J. Nusbaum, V. Romero, R. Bell, and C. Morales. Laboratory, field, or administrative assistance was provided by D. Irving, F. Pfeifer, L. Crist, D. Speas, T. Modde, M. Caldwell, D. Beers, R. Remington, C. Huffacker, C. Smith, A Trammel, C. Kitcheyan, NI. Fuller, S. Finney, J. Pfannenstein, C. Walford, C. Wilcox, and T. Sorensen; we are SUI-C there are others that have escaped memory who also deserve thanks. C. McAda, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Grand, Junction, provided an electrofishing raft for one trip. Boating and collecting permits from the states of Colorado and Utah, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Park Service-Dinosaur National Monument, and Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge were appreciated. T. Czapla and J. Logan provided unpublished data. Reviews by L. Crist., D. Propst, D. Speas, G. Garrett, and P. Holden improved this manuscript. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 21 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 53 IS 4 BP 488 EP 494 DI 10.1894/GG-29.1 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 384NS UT WOS:000261752100009 ER PT J AU Attanasi, ED Coburn, TC Freeman, PA AF Attanasi, E. D. Coburn, T. C. Freeman, P. A. TI Economic Decision Making and the Application of Nonparametric Prediction Models SO SPE RESERVOIR EVALUATION & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID REGRESSION AB Sustained increases in energy prices have focused attention on gas resources in low-permeability shale or in coals that were previously considered economically marginal. Daily well deliverability is often relatively small, although the estimates of the total volumes of recoverable resources in these settings are often large. Planning and development decisions for extraction Of Such resources must be areawide because profitable extraction requires optimization of: scale economies to minimize costs and reduce risk. For an individual firm, the decision to enter such plays depends on reconnaissance-level estimates of regional recoverable resources and oil cost estimates to develop untested areas. This paper shows how simple nonparametric local regression models, Used to predict technically recoverable resources at untested sites, can be combined with economic models to compute regional-scale cost functions. The context of the worked example is the Devonian Antrim-shale gas play in the Michigan basin. One finding relates to selection of the resource prediction model to be used with economic models. Models chosen because they call best. predict aggregate volume over larger areas (many hundreds of sites) smooth out granularity in the distribution of predicted volumes at individual sites. This loss of detail affects the representation of economic cost functions and may affect economic decisions. Second, because some analysts consider unconventional resources to be ubiquitous, the selection and order of specific drilling sites may, in practice, be determined arbitrarily by extraneous factors. The analysis shows a 15-20% gain in gas volume when these simple models are applied to order drilling prospects strategically rather than to choose drilling locations randomly. C1 [Attanasi, E. D.; Freeman, P. A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Coburn, T. C.] Abilene Christian Univ, Dept Management Sci, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. RP Attanasi, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 1094-6470 J9 SPE RESERV EVAL ENG JI SPE Reserv. Eval. Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1089 EP 1096 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA 392TO UT WOS:000262325300013 ER PT J AU Wu, CF Lee, WHK Boore, DM AF Wu, Chien-Fu Lee, William H. K. Boore, David M. TI Strong-Motion Data from the Two Pingtung, Taiwan, Earthquakes of 26 December 2006 SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Accelerographs; Attenuation of ground motions; Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan; Pseudo-acceleration response spectra strong-motion data ID STRONG GROUND MOTION; SEPTEMBER CHI-CHI AB 1016 strong-motion records at 527 free-field stations and 131 records at 42 strong-motion arrays at buildings and bridges were obtained for the Pingtung earthquake doublet from the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau's dense, digital strong-motion network. We carried out standard processing of these strong-motion records at free-field stations. A data set, including the originally recorded files, processed data files, and supporting software and information, is archived online http://tecdc.earth.sinica.edu.tw/data/EQ2006Pingtung/. We have not yet completed the processing of the strong-motion array data at buildings and bridges. However, some preliminary results and the strong-motion array data recorded at the second nearest instrumented building to the Pingtung earthquake doublet are shown. This paper is intended to document our data processing procedures and the online archived data files, so that researchers can efficiently use the data. We also include two preliminary analyses: (1) a comparison of ground motions recorded by multiple accelerographs at a common site, the TAP 117 station in Taipei, and (2) attenuation of the horizontal ground motions (peak acceleration and response spectra at periods of 0.2, 1.0, and 3.0 s) with respect to distance. Our comparison study of multiple recordings at TAP] 17 indicates that waveform coherence among 20- and 24-bit accelerograph records is much higher as compared to records from 16-bit or 12-bit accelerographs, suggesting that the former are of better quality. For the 20- and 24-bit accelerographs, waveform coherence is nearly 1 over the frequency range 1 to 8 Hz for all components, and is greater than about 0.9 from 8 to 20 Hz for the horizontal component, but only from 8 to 12 Hz for the vertical component. Plots of pseudo-acceleration response spectra (PSA) as a function of distance, however, show no clear indication for a difference related to the performance level of the accelerographs. The ground-motions of the First event (M(w) = 7.0) are comparable, or even somewhat lower, than those from the smaller second event (M(w) = 6.9), consistent with the relative difference of the local magnitudes (M(L) = 6.96 and 6.99 for the first and second events, respectively). The ground motions from the first event are generally lower than those predicted from equations based on other in-slab subduction earthquakes, whereas the ground motions from the second event are closer to the predictions. Ground-motions for soil sites are generally larger than those from rock sites. C1 [Wu, Chien-Fu] Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan. [Lee, William H. K.; Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wu, CF (reprint author), Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan. EM wucf@ss2.cwb.gov.tw FU National Science Council [NSC97-2119-M-052-003] FX We thank Gail Atkinson and Chris Stephens for their thoughtful comments and suggestions that greatly improved our manuscript. We also wished to thank Dr. Moh-Jiann Huang and Prof. Chin-Hsiung Loh for reviewing the manuscript with many helpful comments. A careful reading by John Douglas caught several errors. This study was fund by the National Science Council, ROC under Grant No. NSC97-2119-M-052-003. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP 595 EP 639 DI 10.3319/TAO.2008.19.6.595(PT) PG 45 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 398CB UT WOS:000262707900007 ER PT J AU Jones, NM McChesney, GJ Parker, MW Yee, JL Carter, HR Golightly, RT AF Jones, Nathan M. McChesney, Gerard J. Parker, Michael W. Yee, Julie L. Carter, Harry R. Golightly, Richard T. TI Breeding Phenology and Reproductive Success of the Brandt's Cormorant at Three Nearshore Colonies in Central California, 1997-2001 SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Brandt's Cormorant; breeding phenology; California Current; El Nino; Gulf of the Farallones; La Nina; reproductive success; Phalacrocorax penicillatus ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CURRENT SYSTEM; ROCKFISH SEBASTES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOOD SUPPLIES; COMMON MURRE; MARINE BIRD; SEABIRDS; STATE AB Brandt's Cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) breeding effort, phenology and success were studied in 1997-2001 at three colonies spanning approximately 200 kin of the central California coast: Point Reyes (PR); Devil's Slide Rock and Mainland (DS); and Castle-Hurricane Colony Complex (CH). Breeding effort was reduced at all three colonies in the 1998 El Nino event. Mean clutch initiation dates differed significantly among colonies, with cormorants at the southernmost colony (CH) laying earliest, and those at the northernmost colony (PR) laying latest. Productivity at individual colonies varied greatly among years (range 0.7-2.5 fledglings per pair). Overall colony means were lowest (1.6 fledglings/pair) during the 1998 El Nino event and highest (2.5 fledglings/pair) in the 1999 La Nina event. Productivity at CH (1.7 fledglings/pair) was significantly lower than at PR (2.2 fledglings/pair), and interannual variation was greatest at CH. Late-nesting birds laid fewer eggs, hatched fewer chicks, and fledged fewer chicks per pair than early-nesters. The rapid rate of growth at some nearshore colonies in central California suggests immigration from elsewhere, most likely the large offshore colony at the South Farallon Islands. Variation in timing of breeding and reproductive success among colonies demonstrates a value in maintaining multiple Study locations when assessing Brandt's Cormorant Population parameters in the California Current System. Received 27 June 2007, accepted 26 November 2007 C1 [Jones, Nathan M.; Carter, Harry R.; Golightly, Richard T.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [McChesney, Gerard J.; Parker, Michael W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Newark, CA 94560 USA. [Yee, Julie L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Jones, NM (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. FU Apex Houston Trustee Council FX Funding, assistance and support for this project was provided by the Apex Houston Trustee Council comprised of D. Welsh (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), E. Ueber (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), D. Lollock and R Kelh (California Department of Fish and Game). We thank our field technicians for their excellent efforts from 1997-2001: B. Acord, J. Boyce, P. Capitolo, C. Caurant. V. Collins, E. Craig, H. Gellerman, C. Hamilton, I. Harrald, H. Knechtel, E. McLaren, M. Murphy, H. Nevins, D. Nothhelfer, M. Ortwerth, S. Schubel, V Slowik, and R. Young. Many thanks also to: M. Kolar, J. Buffa, R. Borzik, J. E. Takekawa, J. Y Takekawa, J. Roletto, and R. Helm for their support, Observations of Devil's Slide Rock and Mainland were conducted under permit 0496-NSV0373 front the California Department of Transportation. Observations at Point Reyes were conducted under Permit 95-10 from Point Reyes National Seashore, with much help from S. Allen in coordinating logistics and housing. Aerial photographic surveys within Gulf of the Farallones and Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuaries were conducted under permit GFNMS/MBNMS-03-96 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. many thanks to the pilots of the California Department of Fish and Game for their safe and expert [flying. This manuscript benefited from reviews by J. Ackerman and K. Hobson. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 20 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 505 EP 519 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 401II UT WOS:000262934000001 ER PT J AU Pierluissi, S King, SL AF Pierluissi, Sergio King, Sammy L. TI Relative Nest Density, Nest Success, and Site Occupancy of King Rails in Southwestern Louisiana Rice Fields SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE King Rail; rice; callback surveys; nest success; Louisiana; site occupancy ID WATERBIRDS AB King Rail (Rallus elegans) populations are listed as threatened or endangered in 13 states. One remaining area of relative abundance is the rice-growing region of southwestern Louisiana. Rice fields are flooded for much of the year and support thick emergent vegetation, potentially providing high-quality habitat for King Rails. The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) relative nest density of King Rails in rice; 2) which local and landscape factors influence relative nest densities; 3) nest survival of King Rails in rice fields; 4) effectiveness of callback surveys in indicating King Rail breeding activity; and 5) site occupancy of King Rails in rice fields. In the summers of 2004 and 2005, King Rail surveys and nest searches were conducted in Cameron, Jefferson Davis, Vermilion, and Acadia Parishes in southwestern Louisiana. In 2004, 42 fields were searched for nests and 30 of those were surveyed with callback survey techniques. In 2005, 40 fields were searched and 60 were surveyed. A total of 77 King Rail nests was found, and relative nest density was between 3.4 and 4.8 nests/km(2). The highest nest densities were in fields with a high proportion of irrigation canals around the perimeters and a low proportion of trees. Nest survival wits similar to 50% in both years. Most survey responses were detected in June, and survey detections were correlated with nest abundance. Site occupancy was estimated as 0.35 +/- 0.11 in 2004 (no estimates for 2005) from callback surveys and between 0.4 (2004) and 0.5 (2005) from nest searches. Callback surveys were an effective technique for monitoring King Rails in this region. Given high nest survival rates and apparently stable nest densities, rice fields appear to provide high-quality habitat for King Rails in southwestern Louisiana. C1 [King, Sammy L.] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124, USGS Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Pierluissi, Sergio] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP King, SL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124, USGS Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM sking16@lsu.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; AgCenter at Louisiana State University FX We thank the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries for funding this project, and the AgCenter at Louisiana State University for providing other financial and logistical support. Field assistance was provided by Blake Amos, Josh Englebert, David Haynes, Chris LeDoux, and Marie Perkins. Also, several rice farmers were extremely generous in allowing access to their rice fields. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 12 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 530 EP 540 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 401II UT WOS:000262934000003 ER PT J AU Iverson, SA Takekawa, JY Schwarzbach, S Cardona, CJ Warnock, N Bishop, MA Schirato, GA Paroulek, S Ackerman, JT Ip, H Boyce, WM AF Iverson, Samuel A. Takekawa, John Y. Schwarzbach, Steven Cardona, Carol J. Warnock, Nils Bishop, Mary Anne Schirato, Greg A. Paroulek, Sara Ackerman, Joshua T. Ip, Hon Boyce, Walter M. TI Low Prevalence of Avian Influenza Virus in Shorebirds on the Pacific Coast of North America SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; Charadriiformes; cloacal swabs; epidemiology; H5N1; oropharyngeal swabs; Pacific Flyway; shorebirds; United States; waders; wild birds ID WILD AQUATIC BIRDS; A VIRUSES; AUSTRALIA; EMERGENCE; SUBTYPES; ECOLOGY; ALASKA; GENE AB The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has elevated concerns about wild birds as virus hosts; however, little is known about the ecological and epidemiological factors of transmission by shorebirds. Here we summarize results for 2,773 shorebirds that were live-trapped oil the Pacific coast of the United States during 2006-2007 and tested for avian influenza virus using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and virus isolation. As was the case throughout North America, HPAI H5N1 was not detected in shorebirds during this interval. Contrary to other wild bird groups, most notably waterfowl, the prevalence of even low pathogenicity virus among shorebirds in our study areas in California, Washington, and Alaska was extremely low (0.5%). Virus was detected by RT-PCR from four different species, including, Dunlin (Calidris alpina; N = 3), Western Sandpiper (C. mauri; N = 8), Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus; N = 1), and American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana; N = 1), With the detections in the latter three constituting the first published records for these birds. Based oil studies in the eastern United States, we expected, but did not detect (H(1) = 1.6, P = 0.21) elevated avian influenza prevalence among shorebirds during spring migration. Diagnostic tests, which were designed to evaluate testing and sampling methods, indicated poor functioning of traditional virus isolation methods and no improvement in detection likelihood by collecting oropharyngeal swabs in addition to cloacal swab samples for low pathogenicity viruses (Z(1) = 0.7, P = 0.48). Received 18 December 2007, accepted 29 April 2008. C1 [Iverson, Samuel A.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Schwarzbach, Steven] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Cardona, Carol J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Warnock, Nils] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Bishop, Mary Anne] Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. [Schirato, Greg A.; Paroulek, Sara] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Montesano, WA 98563 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ip, Hon] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Boyce, Walter M.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Iverson, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM john_takekawa@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 602 EP 610 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 401II UT WOS:000262934000011 ER PT J AU Flechtner, VR Johansen, JR Belnap, J AF Flechtner, Valerie R. Johansen, Jeffrey R. Belnap, Jayne TI THE BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS OF THE SAN NICOLAS ISLAND: ENIGMATIC ALGAE FROM A GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED ECOSYSTEM SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE soil algae; microbiotic crusts; cyanobacteria; microalgae; biodiversity; San Nicolas Island; desert ID DESERT SOIL; GREEN-ALGAE; MICROBIOTIC CRUSTS; CRYPTOGAMIC CRUSTS; NORTH-AMERICA; CHLOROPHYTA; CYANOBACTERIA; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; DIVERSITY AB Composite soil samples front 7 sites on San Nieolas Island were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively for the presence of cyanobacteria and enkaryotic microalgae. Combined data demonstrated a rich algal flora with 19 cyanobacterial and 19 eukaryotic microalgal genera being identified, for a total of 56 species. Nine new species were identified and described among the cyanobacteria and the enkaryotic microalgae that were isolated: Leibleinia edaphica, Aphanothece maritima, Chroococcidiopsis edaphica, Cyanosarcina atroceneta, Hassallia californica, Hassallia pseudo-ramosissima, Microchaete terrestre, Palmellopsis californicus, and Pseudotetracystis compactis. Distinct distributional patterns of algal taxa existed among sites on the island and among soil algal floras of western North America. Sense algal taxi appeared to he widely distributed across many desert regions, including Microcoleus caginatus, Nostoc pnnctiforme, Nastoc paludosum, and Tolypothrix distorta, Chlorella vulgaris, Diplosphaera ef. chodatii, Myrmecia astigmatica, Myrmecia biatorellae, Hantzschia amphioxys, and Luticola mutica. Some taxa share a distinctly southern distribution with soil algae from southern Arizona, southern California, and Baja California (e.g., Scenedesmus deserticola and Eustigmatos magnus). The delta presented herein support the view that the cyanobacterial and microalgal floras of soil crusts possess significant biodiversity, much of it previously undescribed. C1 [Flechtner, Valerie R.; Johansen, Jeffrey R.] John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, Cleveland, OH 44118 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moah, UT 84532 USA. RP Flechtner, VR (reprint author), John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, Cleveland, OH 44118 USA. EM fletchtner@jcu.edu RI Johansen, Jeff/F-5616-2011 FU NSF [BIR-9319239]; John Carroll University; Department of Defense Legacy Fund FX We thank Dr. Bruce Webb of the Soil Chemistry Testing Laboratory at Brigham Young University for conducting the soil chemistry analyses, and we also thank 2 anonymous reviewers, whose comments helped us improve this manuscript. The Zeiss Axioskop microscope was purchased in part with funds from NSF BIR-9319239. John Carroll University provided support for supplies, research release time for V.R. Flechtner and J.R. Johansen, and a Grauel Fellowship to VR. Flechtner. Field assistance was provided by Sue Phillips, Danielle Foster; and Cynthia Furman, and funds for field work were provided by the Department of Defense Legacy Fund. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 25 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2008 VL 68 IS 4 BP 405 EP 436 DI 10.3398/1527-0904-68.4.405 PG 32 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 395AU UT WOS:000262495200001 ER PT J AU Finney, ST Fuller, MH AF Finney, Sam T. Fuller, Mark H. TI GIZZARD SHAD (DOROSOMA CEPEDIANUM) EXPANSION AND REPRODUCTION IN THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE gizzard shad; Dorosoma cepedianum; Upper Colorado River Basin; range expansion ID FISH RECOVERY; NATIVE FISH AB Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) were introduced into the Colorado River Basin cirea 1996 via an unintentional contaminated stocking. Gizzard shad were collected throughout much of the Upper Colorado River Basin in 2005, 2006, and 2007. These collections document it rapid range expansion of this introduced species and a threat to intact fisheries. C1 [Finney, Sam T.; Fuller, Mark H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. RP Finney, ST (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, 1380 South 2350 West, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. EM sam_finney@fws.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2008 VL 68 IS 4 BP 524 EP 525 DI 10.3398/1527-0904-68.4.524 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 395AU UT WOS:000262495200012 ER PT J AU Love, JW Gill, J Newhard, JJ AF Love, Joseph W. Gill, John Newhard, Joshua J. TI SALTWATER INTRUSION IMPACTS FISH DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION IN THE BLACKWATER RIVER DRAINAGE (CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERSHED) SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE fish assemblage; freshwater fish; habitat; NMS; RAMSAR; sea level rise; wetland ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ESTUARINE FISH; FISHERIES; ECOSYSTEMS; ASSEMBLAGE; DYNAMICS; MARINE; REGION AB We surveyed fish assemblages from Blackwater River drainage (Cambridge, Maryland., USA) to assess spatiotemporal patterns of fish distribution in response to salinity intrusion of freshwater wetlands. Three sites spaced along a longitudinal stream gradient were sampled from each of the Little Blackwater River and Blackwater River from December 2005 to December 2006. Salinity in upstream areas of Blackwater River ranged from 9-12 psu, while in the Little Blackwater River salinity ranged from 0-5 psu Most of the spatial differences in assemblage structure occurred between upstream sites of Blackwater River, an area influenced by saltwater intrusion from the combined effects of sea level rise and a man-made canal, and upstream sites of Little Blackwater River. Freshwater-dependent fishes brown bullhead and black crappie) dominated upstream sites of Little Blackwater River. whereas euryhaline species (e.g., killifish and silversides) dominated upstream sites of Blackwater River. We used the Little Blackwater River as a reference system to test the hypothesis that remnant freshwater-dependent fish populations of transitional areas in the Blackwater River may have declined as salinity levels increased. Upstream habitats of Blackwater River were brackish, while such habitats of Little Blackwater River were more persistently freshwater. As salinity increased seasonally it) the Little Blackwater River. the abundance of freshwater-dependent fishes declined at two sites. Differences ill species diversity and composition between Blackwater River and Little Blackwater River are likely associated with higher salinity and connectivity in upstream portions of the Blackwater River. C1 [Love, Joseph W.; Newhard, Joshua J.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Gill, John] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryland Fishery Resources Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Love, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM jlove@umes.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Maryland Fishery Resources Office; USDA; NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center [NA06OAR4810163] FX We thank Michael MacKinnon and numerous assistants for their help sampling fishes. We thank Dr. Dixie Birch and Bill Giese for logistic support. We also thank reviewers and editors for their very helpful comments on this manuscript. This work was funded by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Maryland Fishery Resources Office and USDA (Capacity Building Grant) and NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center through the NOAA Environmental Partnership Program to University of Maryland Eastern Shore (grant #NA06OAR4810163). NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 967 EP 974 DI 10.1672/07-238.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392UG UT WOS:000262327100008 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, WB Huddleston, S Boudreau, CL O'Reilly, AM AF Shoemaker, W. Barclay Huddleston, Stephen Boudreau, Carrie L. O'Reilly, Andrew M. TI SENSITIVITY OF WETLAND SATURATED HYDRAULIC HEADS AND WATER BUDGETS TO EVAPOTRANSPIRATION SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE hydrology ID AIR ENCAPSULATION; EVAPORATION; YIELD; SURFACE AB The sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration (ET) was examined using a simplified hydrologic model and eight representations of ET. Estimates of ET that created the most reliable wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets employed vegetation coefficients to correct potential ET, calculated by the Priestley-Taylor equation, to actual ET. The accuracy of simulated hydraulic heads generally improved by < 1 cm, however. when Using the most reliable ET estimates based on vegetation coefficients. An ET estimate that used a regression-defined extinction depth created substantial errors in simulated water budgets. Specifically, the extinction-depth ET overestimated the annual actual ET by about 40% (400 min). An ET approximation that overestimates actual ET by 400 mm annually applied in a regional hydrologic model over the 5400 kill 2 area of Everglades National Park would underestimate the annual volume of water available for ground-water recharge and surface-water runoff to coastal estuaries by 2.3 billion m(3). For comparison, this underestimation is about two thirds of the mean volume of water in Lake Okeechobee (3.8 billion in 3). the largest lake in Florida, and clearly demonstrates unbiased estimates of ET are necessary for reliably simulating wetland water budgets. C1 [Shoemaker, W. Barclay; Huddleston, Stephen; Boudreau, Carrie L.] US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. [O'Reilly, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Shoemaker, WB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3110 SW 9th Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. EM bshoemak@usgs.gov OI Shoemaker, W. Barclay/0000-0002-7680-377X NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1040 EP 1047 DI 10.1672/08-105.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392UG UT WOS:000262327100015 ER PT J AU Sanderson, JS Kotliar, NB Steingraeber, DA AF Sanderson, John S. Kotliar, Natasha B. Steingraeber, David A. TI OPPOSING ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS GOVERN VEGETATION ZONATION IN AN INTERMOUNTAIN PLAYA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE anaerobic soils; Colorado; reciprocal transplant; salinity; salt marsh; wetlands ID ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; PLANT ZONATION; SALINITY; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; COMPETITION; DISPERSAL; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY; WETLAND; GROWTH AB Vegetation zonation was investigated at an intermountain playa wetland (Mishak Lakes) in the San Luis Valley (SLV) of southern Colorado. Plant composition and abiotic conditions were quantified in six vegetation zones. Reciprocal transplants were performed to test the importance of abiotic factors in governing zonation. Abiotic conditions differed among several vegetation zones. Prolonged inundation led to anaerobic soils in the Eleocharis palustris and the submerged aquatics zones, on the low end of the site's 1.25 m elevation gradient. On the high end of the gradient, soil salinity and sodicity (a measure of exchangeable sodium) were high in the Distichlis spicata zone (electrical conductivity, EC = 5.3 dS/m, sodium absorption ratio, SAR = 44.0) and extreme in the Sarcobatus vermiculatus zone (EC = 21 dS/m, SAR = 274). Transplanted species produced maximum biomass in the zone where they originated, not in any other higher or lower vegetation zone. The greatest overall transplant effect occurred for E. palustris, which experienced a >= 77% decline in productivity when transplanted to other zones. This study provides evidence that physical factors are a major determinant of vegetation zone composition and distribution across the entire elevation gradient at Mishak Lakes. Patterns at Mishak Lakes arise from counter-directional stress gradients: a gradient from anaerobic to well-oxygenated from basin bottom to upland and a gradient Front extremely high salinity to low salinity in the opposing direction. Because abiotic conditions dominate vegetation zonation, restoration of the altered hydrologic regime of this wetland to a natural hydrologic regime may be sufficient to re-establish many of the natural biodiversity functions provided by these wetlands. C1 [Sanderson, John S.; Steingraeber, David A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kotliar, Natasha B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Sanderson, John S.] Nat Conservancy Colorado, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Sanderson, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jsanderson@tnc.org FU Graduate School at Colorado State University; Colorado Natural History Small Grants Program; Nature Conservancy's Rodney Johnson/Katherine Ordway Stewardship Endowments; TNC's Colorado Field Office; US Geological Survey FX This work was supported in part by a University Fellowship to JSS from the Graduate School at Colorado State University. Additional funding came from the Colorado Natural History Small Grants Program, The Nature Conservancy's Rodney Johnson/Katherine Ordway Stewardship Endowments, TNC's Colorado Field Office, and the US Geological Survey's Species at Risk Program. We owe gratitude to D. Cooper for his initial interest in and work on Mishak Lakes. Thanks to R. Wu, D. MacKinnon, and D. Huber for field assistance. JSS owes a debt to P. Neitlich for guidance in n-dimensional hyperspace. JSS also thanks V. Estelle for support and Flora for inspiration during the final push. We appreciate comments on this manuscript by D. Cooper, L. Poff, and W. Sanford. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1060 EP 1070 DI 10.1672/07-111.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392UG UT WOS:000262327100017 ER PT J AU McConnell, S O'Connell, TJ Leslie, DM AF McConnell, Scott O'Connell, Timothy J. Leslie, David M., Jr. TI LAND COVER ASSOCIATIONS OF NESTING TERRITORIES OF THREE SYMPATRIC BUTEOS IN SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWAINSONS-HAWKS; SITE SELECTION; COMPETITION; PREY AB Three species of Buteo hawks nest sympatrically in the southern Great Plains of the United States. Dietary overlap among them is broad and we tested the hypothesis these species partition their breeding habitat spatially. We compared land cover and topography around 224 nests of the three species breeding in shortgrass prairie in 2004 and 2005. Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) nested almost exclusively in riparian timber surrounded by prairie (95% prairie land cover around nests) and disproportionately used areas with greater topographic relief within prairie landscapes. Swainson's Hawks (B. swainsoni) commonly nested in low-relief areas dominated by small-grain production agriculture but generally used habitats in proportion to availability. Most nest sites of Ferruginous Hawks (B. regalis) were in prairie (78% prairie land cover around nests), but some were in areas that were at least partially agricultural. Ferruginous Hawks had lit least two times more sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) around their nests than their two congeners. We conclude that sympatric breeding Buteos on the southern Great Plains spatially partitioned nest sites according to subtle differences in land cover and topography. C1 [McConnell, Scott] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [O'Connell, Timothy J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP McConnell, S (reprint author), 330A Pahlow Lane, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM scott.mcconnell1@yahoo.com RI O'Connell, Timothy/A-2908-2011 OI O'Connell, Timothy/0000-0001-8215-2670 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 120 IS 4 BP 708 EP 716 DI 10.1676/07-048.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 392TV UT WOS:000262326000006 ER PT J AU Jonsson, JE Afton, AD AF Jonsson, Jon Einar Afton, Alan D. TI LESSER SNOW GEESE AND ROSS'S GEESE FORM MIXED FLOCKS DURING WINTER BUT DIFFER IN FAMILY MAINTENANCE AND SOCIAL STATUS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BARNACLE GOOSE FLOCKS; BODY-SIZE; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; COMPETITION; CAERULESCENS; MECHANISMS; DOMINANCE; VIGILANCE; BUDGETS; BENEFIT AB Smaller species are less likely to maintain families (or other forms of social groups) than larger species and ire more likely to be displaced in competition with larger species. We observed mixed-species flocks of geese in Southwest Louisiana and compared frequencies of social groups and success in social encounters of Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter Snow Geese) with that of the smaller, closely-related Ross's Geese (C rossii), Less than 7% of adult and < 4% Of juvenile le Ross's Geese were in families, whereas 10-22% of adult and 12-15% of juvenile Snow Geese were in families. Snow Geese won 70% of interspecific Social encounters and had higher odds of Success against Ross's Geese than against individuals of their own species. The larger Snow Geese maintain families longer than Ross's Geese, which probably contributes to their dominance over Ross's Geese during winter. Predator vigilance probably is an important benefit of mixed flocking for both Species. We Suggest the long-standing association with Snow Geese (along with associated subordinate social status) has selected against family maintenance in Ross's Geese. C1 [Jonsson, Jon Einar] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Jonsson, JE (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Snaefellsnes Res Ctr, Hafatnargata 3, IS-340 Stykkisholmur, Iceland. EM joneinar@hi.is RI Jonsson, Jon Einar/K-7482-2015 OI Jonsson, Jon Einar/0000-0003-1198-786X FU Canadian Wildlife Set-vice, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF); Cameron Prairie National Wildlife Refuge (NWR); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey-Louisiana Cooperative Fish FX Our study was funded by the Canadian Wildlife Set-vice, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF), Delta Waterfowl Foundation, Rockefeller Scholarship program, a Research Partnership Proposal (RPP) Grant from Cameron Prairie National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and the U,S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and by the U.S. Geological Survey-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Graduate School, School of Renewable Natural Resources at Louisiana State University (LSU). and LSU AgCenter. Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge, Cameron Prairie NWR, and LDWF provided housing and valuable logistical Support. We thank C. J. Michie, Brandt Meixell, M. G. Pollock, T W. Blair, and J. M. Yurek for help with data collection, and D. C. Blouin and M. D. Kaller for advice on statistical analyses. We thank R. N. Helm, Guthrie Perrie, T J. Hess, J. T Linscombe, and Daniel Cary for valuable assistance with our project. We acknowledge 1). G. Homberger, W. G. Henk, M.J. Chamberlain, S. R. McWilliams, and an anonymous referee for suggestions that improved this paper. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 120 IS 4 BP 725 EP 731 DI 10.1676/07-124.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 392TV UT WOS:000262326000008 ER PT J AU Nicolai, CA Sedinger, JS Wege, ML AF Nicolai, Christopher A. Sedinger, James S. Wege, Michael L. TI DIFFERENCES IN GROWTH OF BLACK BRANT GOSLINGS BETWEEN A MAJOR BREEDING COLONY AND OUTLYING BREEDING AGGREGATIONS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREATER SNOW GEESE; HATCH DATE; BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; BARNACLE GEESE; SIZE VARIATION; CLUTCH SIZE; BODY-SIZE; SURVIVAL; FOOD; GOOSE AB We compared growth rates of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) goslings from two dispersed nesting aggregations to those from the large Tutakoke River Colony oil the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska during summers, 1999 and 2000. Approximately 20% of the Black Brant population Oil the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska nests outside of the four major colonies. Dispersal to these outlying breeding locations is hypothesized as a mechanism by which individuals reduce the negative effects of density dependence associated with major colonies. Growth rates of goslings varied among brood rearing areas both associated with dispersed nesting aggregations (n = 4) and associated with the Tutakoke River Colony (n = 7). Mean mass of goslings, adjusted for age, from brood rearing areas associated with dispersed nesting aggregations ranked sixth, eighth, and moth of time brood rearing areas sampled ill 1999, and sixth and ninth of nine brood rearing areas sampled in 2000. Mean age-adjusted mass of goslings with the largest mass were 198 and 139 g lighter, respectively, from brood rearing areas associated with a dispersed nesting aggregation than those from brood rearing areas associated with the Tutakoke River colony in 1999 and 2000. Our findings suggest that goslings from dispersed nesting aggregations We Sampled are Unlikely to have all advantage over goslings from it major colony with respect to survival, adult body size, and recruitment. C1 [Nicolai, Christopher A.; Sedinger, James S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Nicolai, Christopher A.; Sedinger, James S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wege, Michael L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. RP Nicolai, CA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM nicolai@unr.nevada.edu NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 120 IS 4 BP 755 EP 766 DI 10.1676/07-091.1 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 392TV UT WOS:000262326000011 ER PT J AU Kim, DH Newton, WE Lingle, GR Chavez-Ramirez, F AF Kim, Daniel H. Newton, Wesley E. Lingle, Gary R. Chavez-Ramirez, Felipe TI INFLUENCE OF GRAZING AND AVAILABLE MOISTURE ON BREEDING DENSITIES OF GRASSLAND BIRDS IN THE CENTRAL PLATTE RIVER VALLEY, NEBRASKA SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION STRUCTURE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; POPULATION TRENDS; HABITAT SELECTION; BOBOLINKS; COMMUNITIES; QUALITY; SUCCESS AB We investigated the relationship between grassland breeding bird densities and both grazing and available Moisture in the central Platte River Valley, Nebraska between 1980 and 1996. We also compared species richness and community similarity of breeding birds in sedge (Carex spp.) meadows and mesic grassland Densities of two species had a significant relationship With grazing and six of seven focal species had a significant relationship with available moisture. Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) densities were lower in grazed plots compared to Ungrazed plots. whereas Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) densities were greater in sedge-meadow plots compared to mesic grassland plots. Bobolink, Dickcissel (Spiza americana), and Brown-headed Cowbird were negatively associated with available moisture with breeding densities peaking during the driest condition. Our results suggest that wet conditions increase species richness for the community through addition of wetland-dependant and wetland-associated birds, but decrease densities Of ground-nesting grassland birds in wet-meadow habitats, whereas dry conditions reduce species richness but increase the density of the avian assemblage. We propose that wet-meadow habitats serve as local refugia for grassland-nesting birds during local or regional droughts. C1 [Kim, Daniel H.; Lingle, Gary R.; Chavez-Ramirez, Felipe] Platte River Whooping Crane Maintenance Trust Inc, Wood River, NE 68883 USA. [Newton, Wesley E.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Kim, DH (reprint author), Platte River Whooping Crane Maintenance Trust Inc, 6611 W Whooping Crane Dr, Wood River, NE 68883 USA. EM Dkim@whoopingcrane.org NR 62 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 120 IS 4 BP 820 EP 829 DI 10.1676/07-153.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 392TV UT WOS:000262326000018 ER PT J AU Biancucci, L Martin, TE AF Biancucci, Luis Martin, Thomas E. TI First Description of the Breeding, Biology and Natural History of the Ochre-breasted Brush Finch (Atlapetes semirufus) in Venezuela SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; INCUBATION PERIODS; NEST PREDATION; EVOLUTION; BIRDS; SUCCESS; GROWTH; PASSERINES; PATTERNS; RATES AB We provide the first description of the eggs, breeding biology. and natural history of the Ochre-breasted Brush Finch (Atlapetes semirufus). We found 37 nests over four breeding seasons (20042007) in Yacambu National Park, Venezuela. Nesting activity started in late April and continued until early June suggesting single-brooded behavior despite a typical tropical clutch size of two eggs ((x) over bar = 1.89) that were laid on consecutive days. Egg mass averaged 3.38 g and 11.6% of adult female mass. The incubation and nestling periods averaged 14.9 and 10.5 days, respectively. Only females incubated and the percent time they spent incubating did not change between early and late incubation. Females brooded 42.7% of the time when nestlings were 2 days of age and 20.5% when 9 days of age. Both parents provisioned young at a low rate (3.9 trips/hr) and nestling growth rate (k = 0.45) was also slow. Nest predation rates were relatively high with daily mortality rates of 0.058 and 0.067 during incubation and nestling stages, respectively. C1 [Biancucci, Luis; Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Biancucci, L (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM luis.biancucci@gmail.com RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU NSF [DEB-9991527, DEB-0543178]; FONACIT [DM/0000237]; INPARQUES [PA-INP-005-2004]; Ministerio del Ambiente [01-03-03-1147] FX We thank A. M. Niklison and K. L. Decker for helpful comments on the manuscript, and several people for help in Finding nests. This study was made possible in part by support Under NSF grants DEB-9991527 and DEB-0543178 to T E. Martin. Permit numbers are DM/0000237 from FONACIT, PA-INP-005-2004 from INPARQUES, and 01-03-03-1147 from Ministerio del Ambiente. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 120 IS 4 BP 856 EP 862 DI 10.1676/07-020.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 392TV UT WOS:000262326000021 ER PT J AU Muir, JA Licata, D Martin, TE AF Muir, James A. Licata, Diane Martin, Thomas E. TI Reproductive Biology of the Red-ruffed Fruitcrow (Pyroderus scutatus granadensis) SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRDS; EVOLUTION AB We provide a detailed report on the reproductive biology of the Red-ruffed Fruitcrow (Pyroderus scutatus granadensis). Eight nests were found between 2003 and 2007 in tropical montane cloud forest in Yacambu National Park, Lara, Venezuela. All nests were near streams in steep drainages. Nests consisted of twigs arranged in a cupped platform. Clutch size was a single egg and the average incubation period (n = 3) was 22.3 days. Nest attentiveness during incubation averaged [+/- SE] 76.3 +/- 1.86% and increased only slightly across stages (early, middle, late) . On-bout and off-bout durations were relatively similar across incubation stages. A nestling period of 35 days was recorded for one nest and feather pin-break was estimated to occur at day 19. Brooding attentiveness during the early nestling period averaged 62.5 +/- 6.41%. and the adult ceased brooding at about feather pin-break. Food delivery rates increased with nestling age. Food provisioning consisted mostly of insects (66.7%) and lizards (25%) with fruit comprising only 8.3% of the nestling diet at early stages. Provisioning changed to mostly fruit (82.4%) and some insects (17.6%) in late stages of the nestling period. C1 [Muir, James A.; Licata, Diane; Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Muir, JA (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Biodivers Div, Forestry Rd, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM muir.j.a@gmail.com RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU NSF [DEB-981527, DEB-0543178]; FONACIT [DM/0000237]; INPARQUES [PA-INP-005-2004]; Ministerio del Ambiente [01-03-03-1147] FX We acknowledge the Venezuela field crews that aided in data collection. Specifically we thank Brian Schwartz, Elena Arriero, Karie Decker, Bruce Robertson, Sophie Walker, and the two anonymous reviewers for helping with manuscript review. This study was made possible by support under NSF grants DEB-981527 and DEB-0543178 to T E. Martin. Permit numbers are DM/0000237 from FONACIT, PA-INP-005-2004 from INPARQUES, and 01-03-03-1147 from Ministerio del Ambiente. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 120 IS 4 BP 862 EP 867 DI 10.1676/07-008.1 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 392TV UT WOS:000262326000022 ER PT J AU Foster, MS AF Foster, Mercedes S. TI Freeze-Frame Fruit Selection by Birds SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROP SIZE; NEOTROPICAL BIRDS; FRUGIVOROUS BIRDS; AVIAN FRUGIVORE; CHOICE; PREFERENCE; REMOVAL; TREES AB The choice of fruits by an avian frugivore is affected by choices it makes at multiple hierarchical levels (e.g., Species Of fruit, individual tree, individual fruit). Factors that influence those choices vary among levels in the hierarchy and include characteristics of the environment, the tree, and the fruit itself. Feeding experiments With wild-caught birds were conducted at E1 Tirol, Departamento de Itapua, Paraguay to test whether birds were selecting among individual fruits based on fruit size. Feeding Oil larger fruits, which have proportionally more Pulp, is generally more efficient than feeding oil small fruits. fit trials (n = 56) with seven Species Of birds in four families, birds selected larger fruits 86% of the time. However, in only six instances were size differences significant, which is likely it reflection of small sample sizes. Received 15 August 2007. Accepted 26 February, 2008. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Foster, MS (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM fosterm@si.edu FU Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Financial Support for field work was provided by the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 120 IS 4 BP 901 EP 905 DI 10.1676/07-122.1 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 392TV UT WOS:000262326000031 ER PT J AU McNutt, SR Nishimura, T AF McNutt, Stephen R. Nishimura, Takeshi TI Volcanic tremor during eruptions: Temporal characteristics, scaling and constraints on conduit size and processes SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE volcanic tremor; eruptions; conduit radius; explosions; scaling ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; SOURCE MECHANISMS; PAVLOF VOLCANO; MAGMA ASCENT; EARTHQUAKES; ALASKA; MODEL; DYNAMICS; HOKKAIDO; TOKACHI AB We investigated characteristics of eruption tremor observed for 24 eruptions at 18 volcanoes based on published reports. In particular, we computed reduced displacements (D(R)) to normalize the data and examined tremor time histories. We observed: (a) maximum D(R) is approximately proportional to the square root of the cross sectional area of the vent, however, with lower than expected slope; (b) about one half of the cases show approximately exponential increases in D(R) at the beginnings of eruptions, on a scale of minutes to hours; (c) one half of the cases show a sustained maximum level of tremor: (d) more than 9016 of the cases show approximately exponential decay at the ends of eruptions, also on a scale of minutes to hours; and (e) exponential increases, if they occur, are commonly associated with the first large stage of eruptions. We estimate the radii of the vents using several methods and reconcile the topographic estimates, which are systematically too large, with those obtained from D(R) itself and theoretical considerations. We compare scaling of tremor D(R) with that for explosions and find that explosions have large absolute pressures and scale with vent radius squared, whereas tremor consists of pressure fluctuations that have lower amplitudes than the absolute pressure of explosions, and the scaling is different. We explore several methods to determine the appropriate scaling. This characteristic helps its to distinguish the type of eruptions: explosive (Vulcanian or Strombolian) eruptions versus sustained or continuous ash (e.g. Plinian) eruptions. Average eruption discharge, estimated from the total volume of tephra and the total duration of eruption tremor, is well correlated with peak discharge calculated from cross sectional area of the vent and velocity of volcanic ejecta. These results suggest similar scaling between different eruption types and the overall usefulness of monitoring tremor for evaluating volcanic activity. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McNutt, Stephen R.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Nishimura, Takeshi] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Geophys, Sendai, Miyagi 98077, Japan. RP McNutt, SR (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM steve@giseis.alaska.edu FU Japan Society for Promoting Science; U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-9418219]; 21COE Program of Tohoku University; State of Alaska to the Alaska Volcano Observatory FX We are grateful to H. Hamaguchi for providing us the unpublished data of Volcano Nyiragongo and to K. Uhira for giving us information on tremor data of Mt. Miyake. An earlier draft of the paper was reviewed by J. Benoit, M. Garces, H. Shimozuru and B. Sturtevant. Matthias Hort and Silvio de Angelis kindly provided comments on the current draft. This study was partly supported by the foreign scientist invitation program of the Japan Society for Promoting Science, by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant EAR-9418219, by the 21COE Program of Tohoku University, and by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of the Volcano Hazards Program, and by additional funds from the State of Alaska to the Alaska Volcano Observatory. NR 61 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 30 PY 2008 VL 178 IS 1 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.03.010 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 386RF UT WOS:000261899600002 ER PT J AU Han, SC Sauber, J Luthcke, SB Ji, C Pollitz, FF AF Han, Shin-Chan Sauber, Jeanne Luthcke, Scott B. Ji, Chen Pollitz, Fred F. TI Implications of postseismic gravity change following the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from the regional harmonic analysis of GRACE intersatellite tracking data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SPHERICAL EARTH; SATELLITE GRAVITY; GPS MEASUREMENTS; STATIC OFFSETS; COSEISMIC SLIP; DEFORMATION; CONSTRAINTS; RELAXATION; AFTERSLIP; DECEMBER AB We report Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite observations of coseismic displacements and postseismic transients from the great Sumatra-Andaman Islands (thrust event; M-w similar to 9.2) earthquake in December 2004. Instead of using global spherical harmonic solutions of monthly gravity fields, we estimated the gravity changes directly using intersatellite range-rate data with regionally concentrated spherical Slepian basis functions every 15-day interval. We found significant step-like (coseismic) and exponential-like (postseismic) behavior in the time series of estimated coefficients (from May 2003 to April 2007) for the spherical Slepian functions. After deriving coseismic slip estimates from seismic and geodetic data that spanned different time intervals, we estimated and evaluated postseismic relaxation mechanisms with alternate asthenosphere viscosity models. The large spatial coverage and uniform accuracy of our GRACE solution enabled us to clearly delineate a postseismic transient signal in the first 2 years of postearthquake GRACE data. Our preferred interpretation of the long-wavelength components of the postseismic gravity change is biviscous viscoelastic flow. We estimated a transient viscosity of 5 x 10(17) Pa s and a steady state viscosity of 5 x 10(18) - 10(19) Pa s. Additional years of the GRACE observations should provide improved steady state viscosity estimates. In contrast to our interpretation of coseismic gravity change, the prominent postearthquake positive gravity change around the Nicobar Islands is accounted for by seafloor uplift with less postseismic perturbation in intrinsic density in the region surrounding the earthquake. C1 [Han, Shin-Chan; Sauber, Jeanne; Luthcke, Scott B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ji, Chen] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Pollitz, Fred F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Han, Shin-Chan] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Han, SC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Code 698, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Shin-Chan.Han@nasa.gov RI Luthcke, Scott/D-6283-2012; Sauber, Jeanne/D-7684-2012; Han, Shin-Chan/A-2022-2009 FU U.S. National Aeronautical and Space Administration GRACE; Earth Surface and Interior program FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Aeronautical and Space Administration GRACE project and Earth Surface and Interior program. We acknowledge the NASA/GFZ GRACE project for the GRACE data products (distributed by JPL PODAAC) and colleagues at JPL for producing the quality Level 1B products. This work also benefited from the Goddard Space Flight Center's GEODYN software for computing the precise orbits. We thank Mohamed Chlieh for his afterslip model and Frederik Simons for clarification on the use of the spherical Slepian function. VISCO1D software and its upgrade with computation of the gravity component were used for the viscoelastic calculations. Some FORTRAN codes written by Mark Wieczorek were used (available at www.ipgp.jussieu.fr/similar to wieczor/SHTOOLS). We thank Roland Burgmann, Kelin Wang, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 26 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B11 AR B11413 DI 10.1029/2008JB005705 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 377JA UT WOS:000261246300004 ER PT J AU Jarboe, NA Coe, RS Renne, PR Glen, JMG Mankinen, EA AF Jarboe, Nicholas A. Coe, Robert S. Renne, Paul R. Glen, Jonathan M. G. Mankinen, Edward A. TI Quickly erupted volcanic sections of the Steens Basalt, Columbia River Basalt Group: Secular variation, tectonic rotation, and the Steens Mountain reversal SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Steens Basalt; secular variation; Columbia River Basalt; paleomagnetism; magnetostratigraphy; geochronology ID GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TRANSITION; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; DECAY CONSTANTS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; OREGON PLATEAU; EASTERN OREGON; HALF-LIFE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; OLIGOCENE; HISTORY AB The Steens Basalt, now considered part of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG), contains the earliest eruptions of this magmatic episode. Lava flows of the Steens Basalt cover about 50,000 km(2) of the Oregon Plateau in sections up to 1000 m thick. The large number of continuously exposed, quickly erupted lava flows (some sections contain over 200 flows) allows for small loops in the magnetic field direction paths to be detected. For volcanic rocks, this detail and fidelity are rarely found outside of the Holocene and yield estimates of eruption durations at our four sections of similar to 2.5 ka for 260 m at Pueblo Mountains, 0.5 to 1.5 ka for 190 m at Summit Springs, 1 - 3 ka for 170 m at North Mickey, and similar to 3 ka for 160 m at Guano Rim. That only one reversal of the geomagnetic field occurred during the eruption of the Steens Basalt (the Steens reversal at approximately 16.6 Ma) is supported by comparing (40)Ar/(39) Ar ages and magnetic polarities to the geomagnetic polarity timescale. At Summit Springs two (40)Ar/(39) Ar ages from normal polarity flows (16.72 +/-+/- 0.29 Ma (16.61) and 16.92 +/-+/- 0.52 Ma (16.82); +/-+/- equals 2 sigma error) place their eruptions after the Steens reversal, while at Pueblo Mountains an (40)Ar/(39) Ar age of 16.72 +/-+/- 0.21 Ma (16.61) from a reverse polarity flow places its eruption before the Steens reversal. Paleomagnetic field directions yielded 50 nontransitional directional-group poles which, combined with 26 from Steens Mountain, provide a paleomagnetic pole for the Oregon Plateau of 85.7 degrees N, 318.4 degrees E, K = 15.1, A(95) = 4.3. Comparison of this new pole with a reference pole derived from CRBG flows from eastern Washington and a synthetic reference pole for North America derived from global data implies relative clockwise rotation of the Oregon Plateau of 7.4 +/- 5.0 degrees or 14.5 +/- 5.4 degrees, respectively, probably due to northward decreasing extension of the basin and range. C1 [Jarboe, Nicholas A.; Coe, Robert S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Renne, Paul R.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [Renne, Paul R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Glen, Jonathan M. G.; Mankinen, Edward A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jarboe, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM njarboe@pmc.ucsc.edu OI Jarboe, Nicholas/0000-0003-1465-9394 FU NSF [EAR-0310316, -0711418]; Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation FX We would like to extend special thanks to Kim Knight for assistance with 40 Ar/39 Ar sample preparation and analysis methods and Chris Pluhar for assistance with paleomagnetic procedures and methods. Laurie Brown, Andy Calvert, Jim Gill, Johnathan Hagstrum, Peter Hooper, and Brad Singer provided helpful reviews which improved the clarity of this paper. We thank Eli Morris and Walter Schillinger for UCSC paleomagnetic instrumentation and software support, Tim Becker for BGC lab support, and Fred Jourdan for assistance with determining plagioclase alteration. For highly competent field work assistance we would like to thank Mike Dueck, Bijan Hatami, Peter Lippert, and Andy Daniels. This work was funded by NSF grant EAR-0310316 and -0711418 to RSC and JMG, minigrants from the UCSC Committee on Research and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, and support to the BGC from the Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation. NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV 25 PY 2008 VL 9 AR Q11010 DI 10.1029/2008GC002067 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 377IC UT WOS:000261243900001 ER PT J AU Emmenegger, EJ Kurath, G AF Emmenegger, E. J. Kurath, G. TI DNA vaccine protects ornamental koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) against North American spring viremia of carp virus SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE SVCV; DNA vaccine; North America; Koi ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; PIKE FRY RHABDOVIRUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; COMMON CARP; PLASMID DNA; 1ST REPORT; GENES; FISH; SVCV; STRAINS AB The emergence of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) in the United States constitutes a potentially serious alien pathogen threat to susceptible fish stocks in North America. A DNA vaccine with an SVCV glycoprotein (G)gene from a North American isolate was constructed. In order to test the vaccine a challenge model utilizing a specific pathogen-free domestic koi stock and a cold water stress treatment was also developed. We have conducted four trial studies demonstrating that the pSGnc DNA vaccine provided protection in vaccinated fish against challenge at low, moderate, and high virus doses of the homologous virus. The protection was significant (p < 0.05) as compared to fish receiving a mock vaccine Construct containing a luciferase reporter gene and to non-vaccinated controls in fish ranging in age from 3 to 14 months. In all trials, the SVCV-G DNA immunized fish were challenged 28-days post-vaccination (546 degree-days) and experienced low mortalities varying from 10 to 50% with relative percent survivals ranging from 50 to 88%. The non-vaccinated controls and mock construct vaccinated fish encountered high cumulative percent mortalities ranging from 70 to 100%. This is the first report of a SVCV DNA vaccine being tested successfully in koi. These experiments prove that the SVCV DNA (pSGnc) vaccine can elicit specific reproducible protection and validates its potential use as a prophylactic vaccine in koi and other vulnerable North American fish stocks. (c) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Emmenegger, E. J.; Kurath, G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Emmenegger, EJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM eemmenegger@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 25 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 50 BP 6415 EP 6421 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.071 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 385OE UT WOS:000261822700018 PM 18812203 ER PT J AU Sohl, T Sayler, K AF Sohl, Terry Sayler, Kristi TI Using the FORE-SCE model to project land-cover change in the southeastern United States SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Land; Cover; Change; Model; Southeast; United States ID CLIMATE; PRODUCTIVITY; ECOREGIONS; COMPLETION; HYDROLOGY; SURFACES; SIMULATE; IMPACTS; SOUTH AB A wide variety of ecological applications require spatially explicit current and projected land-use and land-cover data. The southeastern United States has experienced massive land-use change since European settlement and continues to experience extremely high rates of forest cutting, significant urban development, and changes in agricultural land use. Forest-cover patterns and structure are projected to change dramatically in the southeastern United States in the next 50 years due to population growth. and demand for wood products [Wear, D.N., Greis, J.G. (Eds.), 2002. Southern Forest Resource Assessment. General Technical Report SRS-53. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC, 63S pp]. Along with our climate partners, we are examining the potential effects of southeastern U.S. land-cover change on regional climate. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Land Cover Trends project is analyzing contemporary (1973-2000) land-cover change in the conterminous United States, providing ecoregion-by-ecoregion estimates of the rates of change, descriptive transition matrices, and changes in landscape metrics. The FORecasting SCEnarios of future land-cover (FORE-SCE) model used Land Cover Trends data and theoretical, statistical, and deterministic modeling techniques to project future land-cover change through 2050 for the southeastern United States. Prescriptions for future proportions of land cover for this application were provided by ecoregion-based extrapolations of historical change. Logistic regression was used to develop relationships between suspected drivers of land-cover change and land cover, resulting in the development of probability-of-occurrence surfaces for each unique land-cover type. Forest stand age was initially established with Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data and tracked through model iterations. The spatial allocation procedure placed patches of new land cover on the landscape until the scenario prescriptions were met, using measured Land Cover Trends data to guide patch characteristics and the probability surfaces to guide placement. The approach provides an efficient method for extrapolating historical land-cover trends and is amenable to the incorporation of more detailed and focused studies for the establishment of scenario prescriptions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sohl, Terry] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Sohl, T (reprint author), USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sohl@usgs.gov; sayler@usgs.gov OI Sayler, Kristi/0000-0003-2514-242X; Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 NR 58 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 24 PY 2008 VL 219 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.08.003 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377ZW UT WOS:000261291900005 ER PT J AU Mcrae, BH Schumaker, NH McKane, RB Busing, RT Solomon, AM Burdick, CA AF McRae, Brad H. Schumaker, Nathan H. McKane, Robert B. Busing, Richard T. Solomon, Allen M. Burdick, Connie A. TI A multi-model framework for simulating wildlife population response to land-use and climate change SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Land-use change; Alternative future landscape; Habitat change; Population dynamics; Spatially-explicit population model ID VIABILITY ANALYSIS; MELOSPIZA-MELODIA; SONG SPARROWS; MODELS; HABITAT; LANDSCAPE; IMPACTS; DYNAMICS; CONSEQUENCES; DISPERSAL AB Reliable assessments of how human activities will affect wildlife populations are essential for making scientifically defensible resource management decisions. A principle challenge of predicting effects of proposed management, development, or conservation actions is the need to incorporate multiple biotic and abiotic factors, including land-use and climate change, that interact to affect wildlife habitat and populations through time. Here we demonstrate how models of land-use, climate change, and other dynamic factors can be integrated into a coherent framework for predicting wildlife population trends. Our framework starts with land-use and climate change models developed for a region of interest. Vegetation changes through time under alternative future scenarios are predicted using an individual-based plant community model. These predictions are combined with spatially explicit animal habitat models to map changes in the distribution and quality of wildlife habitat expected under the various scenarios. Animal population responses to habitat changes and other factors are then projected using a flexible, individual-based animal population model. As an example application, we simulated animal population trends under three future land-use scenarios and four climate change scenarios in the Cascade Range of western Oregon. We chose two birds with contrasting habitat preferences for our simulations: winter wrens (Troglodytes troglodytes), which are most abundant in mature conifer forests, and song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), which prefer more open, shrubby habitats. We used climate and land-use predictions from previously published studies, as well as previously published predictions of vegetation responses using FORCLIM, an individual-based forest dynamics simulator. Vegetation predictions were integrated with other factors in PATCH, a spatially explicit, individual-based animal population simulator. Through incorporating effects of landscape history and limited dispersal, our framework predicted population changes that typically exceeded those expected based on changes in mean habitat suitability alone. Although land-use had greater impacts on habitat quality than did climate change in our simulations, we found that small changes in vital rates resulting from climate change or other stressors can have large consequences for population trajectories. The ability to integrate bottom-up demographic processes like these with top-down constraints imposed by climate and land-use in a dynamic modeling environment is a key advantage of our approach. The resulting framework should allow researchers to synthesize existing empirical evidence, and to explore complex interactions that are difficult or impossible to capture through piecemeal modeling approaches. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 [McRae, Brad H.] Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Schumaker, Nathan H.; McKane, Robert B.; Burdick, Connie A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Busing, Richard T.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Solomon, Allen M.] US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Mcrae, BH (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 1917 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM bmcrae@tnc.org FU US EPA; NSF [DEB-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara FX We are grateful to Sue Pierson and Barb Rosenbaum for their help processing GIS data. Josh Lawler, Thorsten Wiegand, Soren Nielsen, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on draft versions. The information in this document has been funded in part by the US EPA. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and approved for publication. The conclusions and opinions are solely those of the authors and are not necessarily the views of the Agency. B. McRae was partially supported as a Postdoctoral Associate at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF (Grant #DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. NR 80 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 24 PY 2008 VL 219 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.08.001 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377ZW UT WOS:000261291900007 ER PT J AU Mitchell, MS Reynolds-Hogland, MJ Smith, ML Wood, PB Beebe, JA Keyser, PD Loehle, C Reynolds, CJ Van Deusen, P White, D AF Mitchell, Michael S. Reynolds-Hogland, Melissa J. Smith, Michelle L. Wood, Petra Bohall Beebe, John A. Keyser, Patrick D. Loehle, Craig Reynolds, Christopher J. Van Deusen, Paul White, Don, Jr. TI Projected long-term response of Southeastern birds to forest management SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Avian richness; Biodiversity; Forest management; Probability of presence; Temporal variability; Time series analysis ID EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS; MULTIPLE SCALES; HABITAT; FRAGMENTATION; POPULATIONS; PATTERN; ENVIRONMENT; ABUNDANCE AB Numerous studies have explored the influence of forest management on avian communities empirically, but uncertainty about causal relationships between landscape patterns and temporal dynamics of bird communities calls into question how observed historical patterns can be projected into the future, particularly to assess consequences of differing management alternatives. We used the Habplan harvest scheduler to project forest conditions under several management scenarios mapped at 5-year time steps over a 40-year time span. We used empirical models of overall avian richness, richness of selected guilds, and probability of presence for selected species to predict avian community characteristics for each of the mapped landscapes generated for each 5-year time step for each management scenario. We then used time series analyses to quantify relationships between changes in avian community characteristics and management-induced changes to forest landscapes over time. our models of avian community and species characteristics indicated habitat associations at multiple spatial scales, although landscape-level measures of habitat were generally more important than stand-level measures. Our projections showed overall avian richness, richness of Neotropical migrants, and the presence of Blue-gray Gnatcatchers and Eastern Wood-pewees varied little among management scenarios, corresponding closely to broad, overall landscape changes over time. By contrast, richness of canopy nesters, richness of cavity nesters, richness of scrub-successional associates, and the presence of Common Yellowthroats showed high temporal variability among management scenarios, likely corresponding to short-term, fine-scale changes in the landscape. Predicted temporal variability of both interior-forest and early successional birds was low in the unharvested landscape relative to that in the harvested landscape. Our results also suggested that early successional species can be sensitive to both availability and connectivity of habitat on the landscape. To increase or maintain the avian diversity, our projections indicate that forest managers need to consider landscape-scale configuration of stands, maintaining a spatially heterogeneous distribution of age classes. Our findings suggest which measures of richness or species presence may be appropriate indicators for monitoring effects of forest management on avian communities, depending on management objectives. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Beebe, John A.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Keyser, Patrick D.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Native Grasslands Management, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Loehle, Craig] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. [Reynolds, Christopher J.] Weyerhaeuser Co, Hot Springs, AR 71901 USA. [Van Deusen, Paul] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [White, Don, Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71655 USA. [Reynolds-Hogland, Melissa J.; Smith, Michelle L.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Mitchell, MS (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mike.mitchell@umontana.edu RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 FU National Commission on Science for Sustainable Forestry to the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc; Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; International Paper Company; MeadWestvaco Corporation; National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc.; North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences; North Carolina State University; Oklahoma State University; University of Arkansas-Monticello; USDA Forest Service; Virginia Tech University; Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Division of Natural Resources; West Virginia University; Weyerhaeuser Company FX The project was funded by a grant from the National Commission on Science for Sustainable Forestry to the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. Many organizations provided funding and logistical support for field studies, including: Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, International Paper Company, MeadWestvaco Corporation, National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc., North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina State University, Oklahoma State University, University of Arkansas-Monticello, USDA Forest Service, Virginia Tech University, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Division of Natural Resources, West Virginia University, and Weyerhaeuser Company. We received invaluable input from anonymous reviewer. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 11 BP 1884 EP 1896 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.012 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 375LQ UT WOS:000261115800008 ER EF